navy safety and occupational health (soh) program manual...

OPNAVINST 5100.19E 30 May 2007

NAVY

SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH (SOH)

PROGRAM MANUAL

FOR FORCES AFLOAT

OPNAV INSTRUCTION 5100.19E VOLUME I

SOH AND MAJOR HAZARD-SPECIFIC PROGRAMS

DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY

OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS

DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS 2000 NAVY PENTAGON WASHINGTON, DC 20350-2000 IN REPLY REFER TO

OPNAVINST 5100.19E N09F 30 May 07 OPNAV INSTRUCTION 5100.19E, VOLUME I From: Chief of Naval Operations Subj: NAVY SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH (SOH) PROGRAM MANUAL FOR FORCES AFLOAT Ref: (a) OPNAVINST 5100.23G (b) OPNAVINST 5100.8G (c) SECNAVINST 5212.5D Encl: (1) Navy Safety and Occupational Health Program Manual for Forces Afloat, Volume I

1. Purpose. To implement the Navy Safety and Occupational Health (SOH) Program and the requirements of reference (a) for afloat commands. This instruction has been administratively revised and should be reviewed in its entirety. 2. Cancellation. OPNAVINST 5100.19D, Volume I; OPNAV 5102-4, Motor Vehicle Mishap Report; OPNAV 5102-5, Diving Mishap (with or without hyperbaric treatment) Report; OPNAV 5102-6, Mishap Report; OPNAV 5102-7, Mishap Investigation Report; OPNAV 5102-7A, Mishap Investigation Report Endorsements (MIREs); OPNAV 5102-10, Off-duty, Recreation, Athletics, and Home Safety (RAHS) Mishap Report; DD-A&T (AR) 1020 (5102), Explosive Mishap or Conventional Ordnance Deficiency Report. 3. Discussion a. References (a) and (b) provide policy and outline responsibilities for the implementation of the total Navy Safety and Occupational Health Program. The Navy program encompasses all safety disciplines such as aviation safety, weapons/explosives safety, off-duty safety, traffic safety, and occupational safety and health. This instruction covers the implementation of the SOH Program elements unique to an afloat environment. Injury and illness investigation, reporting and


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recordkeeping requirements have been removed from chapter A6 of this instruction and now reside in 5102.1D, chapters 3 and 6.

b. This instruction updates the safety guidance and precautions contained in OPNAVINST 5100.19D. It reflects modifications to regulatory requirements and embodies lessons learned from mishaps. This document has been revised with significant input and coordination with representatives of the Fleet Commanders and Type Commanders staffs. Since this document modifies every chapter and most of the paragraphs from OPNAVINST 5100.19D, it does not identify modified, added, or deleted paragraphs.

c. Due to limitations on ship design and construction, paragraph B0611e was incorporated with the following implementation schedule for applicability and compliance. Beginning in fiscal year 2008, ships shall equip all new and/or upgraded fixed breathing air compressor systems with high-temperature cut-off switches. Beginning in fiscal year 2009, new and/or upgraded portable breathing air compressor systems will be equipped or operated with carbon monoxide monitor and alarm systems during SCBA air cylinder charging operations. 4. Action. All levels of command shall implement and manage the SOH Program in compliance with the policies, procedures, actions, and guidance set forth by this instruction. Reference (c) provides guidance on records disposition and shall be followed by shore and afloat commands. The policies, procedures, and actions prescribed here are published without the necessity for implementing instructions from the Echelon 2 commands, bureaus, and offices, except where specifically directed. However, commands having significant SOH responsibilities should provide appropriate supplemental guidance. 5. Forms and Reports

a. The following forms are available at Navy Forms On-line, https://forms.daps.dla.mil:

(1) OPNAV 3120/5, Safety Hazard Report, S/N 0107-LF-016-9300;

(2) OPNAV 4790/2K, Ship’s Maintenance Action Form – 2 KILO, S/N 0107-LF-047-9011;

(3) OPNAV 5100/17, Heat Stress Monitoring Sheet;

https://forms.daps.dla.mil/


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(4) OPNAV 5100/18, Used Hazardous Material Identification Label, S/N 0107-LF-127-4700;

(5) OPNAV 6260/2, Caution – Asbestos Dust Hazard Sign,

S/N 0107-LF-062-6010.

b. The following forms are available at the Department of Defense Forms Program, http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/infomgt/forms/formsprogram.htm:

(1) DD 771, JUL 1996, Eyewear Prescription;

(2) DD 2215, JAN 2000, Reference Audiogram;

(3) DD 2216, JAN 2000, Hearing Conservation Data;

(4) DD 2493-1, JAN 2000, Asbestos Exposure Part I, Initial Medical Questionnaire;

(5) DD 2493-2, JAN 2000, Asbestos Exposure Part II, Periodic Medical Questionnaire.

(6) DD 2521, OCT 2000, Hazardous Chemical Warning Label (8-1/2” x 11”);

(7) DD 2522, OCT 2000, Hazardous Chemical Warning Label (4” x 6”).

c. The following medical surveillance examination forms are available from the Navy Environmental Health Center, http://www-nehc.med.navy.mil/downloads/occmed/Medical_matrix_Feb_2001.pdf:

(1) #113, Asbestos Current Worker;

(2) #115, Asbestos Past Worker, 10+ Years Since First Exposure;

(3) #116, Asbestos Past Worker, 0 to 10 Years Since First Exposure;

(4) #161, Lead (Inorganic); (5) #503, Noise; (6) #512, Noise – Follow Up;

http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/infomgt/forms/formsprogram.htm

http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/infomgt/forms/formsprogram.htm

http://www-nehc.med.navy.mil/downloads/occmed/Medical_matrix_Feb_2001.pdf

http://www-nehc.med.navy.mil/downloads/occmed/Medical_matrix_Feb_2001.pdf


(7) #506, Radiation, Laser (Class I11 and IV);

(8) #505, Radiation, Ionizing;

( 9 ) #716, Respirator User Certification Exam.

d. The following industrial hygiene forms are available from the Navy Environmental Health Center, http://www- nehc.med.navy.mil/ih/ihfom.htm:

(1) NEHC 5100/17 (July 2006), Industrial Hygiene Noise Survey Form;

(2) NEHC 5100/18 (July 2006), Industrial Hygiene Noise Dosimetry Survey Form;

Form.

(3) NEHC 5100/20 (August 2003), Heat Stress Afloat Form;

(4) CIHL 006 (May 2002), Asbestos Bulk Sample Analysis

e. The laser and radio frequency radiation (RFR) exposure reporting requirements are exempted from reports control by SECNAVINST 5214.2B.

f. OSHA Form 174, Material Safety Data Sheet, is available from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Office of Publications, Room S1212, 200 Constitution Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20210, or from the General Services Administration (GSA) Business Service Centers in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Chicago, Kansas City, Fort Worth, Denver, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Seattle, and from GSA Specification Sales, Bldg. 197, Washington, D.C. 20407.

G-. E. MAYER RADM USN Special Assistant for Safety

Distribution: Electronic only, Department of the Navy Issuances Website http://doni.daps.dla.mil


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME I SECTION A

SOH PROGRAM

CHAPTER A1. INTRODUCTION ...................................A1-1

A0101. BACKGROUND.........................................A1-1

A0102. PURPOSE AND ORGANIZATION OF THIS MANUAL............A1-1

A0103. APPLICABILITY......................................A1-3

A0104. REFERENCES AND DEFINITION OF TERMS.................A1-4

A0105. SOH MANUAL CHANGES.................................A1-4

A0106. TERMINOLOGY........................................A1-4

A0107. PRECEDENCE.........................................A1-5

CHAPTER A1 REFERENCES..............................A1-6 CHAPTER A2. SOH PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES ..A2-1

A0201. POLICY.............................................A2-1

A0202. OVERALL NAVY PROGRAM...............................A2-1

A0203. COMMAND PROGRAM....................................A2-6

CHAPTER A2 REFERENCES.............................A2-13 CHAPTER A3. INSPECTIONS, SURVEYS, ASSISTS, HAZARD REPORTING AND MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE .......................A3-1

A0301. DISCUSSION.........................................A3-1

A0302. WORKPLACE INSPECTIONS..............................A3-1

A0303. SELF ASSESSMENT....................................A3-3

A0304. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE SURVEYS.........................A3-3

A0305. SHIPBOARD SAFETY SURVEY............................A3-8

A0306. HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT ASSIST...A3-9

A0307. HAZARD REPORTING BY INDIVIDUAL CREWMEMBERS.........A3-9

A0308. VARIANCES AND ALTERNATE STANDARDS.................A3-11


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME I SECTION A

SOH PROGRAM

A0309. FEDERAL AND STATE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (OSH)

INSPECTIONS NAVY, CIVILIAN, OR CONTRACTOR WORKPLACES ON BOARD NAVY SHIPS...............................A3-12

A0310. MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE..............................A3-14

CHAPTER A3 REFERENCES.............................A3-16 APPENDIX A3-A INSPECTION OF DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WORKPLACES BY FEDERAL AND STATE OSH REPRESENTATIVES .................................A3-A-1 CHAPTER A4. HAZARD CONTROL AND DEFICIENCY ABATEMENT ........A4-1

A0401. DISCUSSION.........................................A4-1

A0402. HAZARD PREVENTION..................................A4-1

A0403. PRINCIPLES OF HAZARD CONTROL.......................A4-2

A0404. HAZARD ABATEMENT PROGRAM PROCEDURES................A4-4

A0405. INTERIM CONTROLS...................................A4-8

CHAPTER A4 REFERENCES..............................A4-9 CHAPTER A5. TRAINING .......................................A5-1

A0501. DISCUSSION.........................................A5-1

A0502. SOH TRAINING FOR SHIPBOARD DUTIES AND PROGRAMS.....A5-1

A0503. SOH TRAINING REQUIREMENTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES.....A5-2

A0504. TRAINING RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS ...............A5-4

CHAPTER A5 REFERENCES..............................A5-6 APPENDIX A5-A TRAINING REQUIREMENTS SUMMARY.....A5-A-1 APPENDIX A5-B SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-RELATED

COURSES TAUGHT AT ENVIRONMENTAL PREVENTIVE MEDICINE UNITS (NAVENPVNTMEDU’S).............................A5-B-1


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME I SECTION B

MAJOR HAZARD-SPECIFIC ELEMENTS

CHAPTER B1. ASBESTOS MANAGEMENT ............................B1-1

B0101. CHAPTER ORGANIZATION...............................B1-1

B0102. APPLICABILITY......................................B1-1

B0103. DISCUSSION.........................................B1-3

B0104. ASBESTOS CONTROL ELEMENTS..........................B1-5

B0105. TYPES OF ASBESTOS WORK PERFORMED ABOARD NAVY SHIPS.B1-9

B0106. WORKPLACE RELEASE CRITERIA........................B1-10

B0107. PROTOCOL FOR SHIP’S FORCE PERFORMING NON-FRIABLE ASBESTOS MAINTENANCE ........................................B1-10

B0108. PROTOCOL FOR EMERGENCY ASBESTOS RESPONSE TEAM (EART)......B1-13

CHAPTER B1 REFERENCES.............................B1-15 APPENDIX B1-A ASBESTOS INSULATION BULK SAMPLE

COLLECTION AND SUBMISSION PROCEDURE..............B1-A-1 APPENDIX B1-B STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR

SHIP’S FORCE PROTOCOL............................B1-B-1 APPENDIX B1-C STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR

EMERGENCY ASBESTOS RESPONSE TEAM (EART) PROTOCOL.B1-C-1 APPENDIX B1-D TRAINING REQUIREMENTS FOR SHIP’S FORCE

PROTOCOL ............................................... B1-D-1 APPENDIX B1-E TRAINING REQUIREMENTS FOR ASBESTOS-RELATED

WORK ............................................B1-E-1 APPENDIX B1-F WORKPLACE RELEASE CHECKLIST.......B1-F-1 APPENDIX B1-G PERSONAL PROTECTIVE AND SPECIAL

EQUIPMENT (SHIP’S FORCE).........................B1-G-1 APPENDIX B1-H AUTHORIZED EQUIPAGE LIST FOR ASBESTOS

WORK PROTOCOLS...................................B1-H-1 APPENDIX B1-I PERSONAL PROTECTIVE AND SPECIAL

EQUIPMENT (EART PERFORMING GLOVE BAG ACM REMOVAL)B1-I-1 APPENDIX B1-J ASBESTOS REPAIR OR REMOVAL PRE-WORK

BRIEF............................................B1-J-1


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME I SECTION B

MAJOR HAZARD-SPECIFIC ELEMENTS

CHAPTER B2. HEAT STRESS ....................................B2-1

B0201. DISCUSSION.........................................B2-1

B0202. RESPONSIBILITIES...................................B2-3

B0203. HEAT STRESS ELEMENTS...............................B2-6

B0204. HEAT STRESS MONITORING AND SURVEYING...............B2-6

B0205. PHEL DETERMINATION................................B2-18

B0206. TRAINING..........................................B2-22 CHAPTER B2 REFERENCES.............................B2-22 APPENDIX B2-A PHEL CURVE GENERAL APPLICABILITY

SELECTION .............................................. B2-A-1 APPENDIX B2-B HEAT STRESS TROUBLE-SHOOTING AND REPAIR

ACTIONS ................................................ B2-B-1 APPENDIX B2-C USE OF THE WBGT METER.............B2-C-1 APPENDIX B2-D HEAT STRESS DECISION DIAGRAM .....B2-D-1 APPENDIX B2-E TIME WEIGHTED MEAN (TWM) WBGT VALUES ..........................................B2-E-1

CHAPTER B3. HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT (HMC&M) B3-1

B0301. DISCUSSION.........................................B3-1

B0302. SURFACE SHIP HMC&M.................................B3-6

B0303. SUBMARINE HMC&M.................................. B3-17

B0304. OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE (OHS)SPILL RESPONSE...B3-22

B0305. PROGRAM EVALUATION................................B3-25 CHAPTER B3 REFERENCES.............................B3-25 APPENDIX B3-A OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE (OHS) SPILL RESPONSE PROCEDURES (SURFACE SHIPS ONLY).........B3-A-1


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME I SECTION B

_________________MAJOR HAZARD-SPECIFIC ELEMENTS_________________ APPENDIX B3-B MERCURY SPILL RESPONSE AND CLEANUP

PROCEDURES (SURFACE SHIPS ONLY)..................B3-B-1 APPENDIX B3-C HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CONTROL AND

MANAGEMENT (HMC&M) CHECKLIST SURFACE SHIP PROGRAM.....................................B3-C-1 APPENDIX B3-D HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CONTROL AND

MANAGEMENT (HMC&M) CHECKLIST SUBMARINE PROGRAM..........................................B3-D-1 CHAPTER B4. HEARING CONSERVATION ...........................B4-1

B0401. DISCUSSION.........................................B4-1

B0402. HEARING CONSERVATION RESPONSIBILITIES..............B4-1

B0403. HEARING CONSERVATION PROGRAM ELEMENTS..............B4-5

B0404. NOISE MEASUREMENT AND EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT..........B4-5

B0405. NOISE ABATEMENT....................................B4-7

B0406. PERSONAL HEARING PROTECTIVE DEVICES ................B4-8

B0407. HEARING TESTING AND MEDICAL EVALUATION.............B4-9

B0408. TRAINING..........................................B4-10

B0409. RECORDKEEPING.....................................B4-11

CHAPTER B4 REFERENCES.............................B4-12

APPENDIX B4-A HEARING CONSERVATION DETAILED INFORMATION......................................B4-A-1

APPENDIX B4-B ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL OF NOISE EXPOSURE WITH HEARING PROTECTIVE DEVICES

(STAY TIME)......................................B4-B-1 APPENDIX B4-C ADDITIONAL NOISE ABATEMENT INFORMATION......................................B4-C-1 APPENDIX B4-D HEARING PROTECTIVE DEVICES........B4-D-1


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME I SECTION B

_________________MAJOR HAZARD-SPECIFIC ELEMENTS_________________ CHAPTER B5. SIGHT CONSERVATION .............................B5-1

B0501. CHAPTER ORGANIZATION...............................B5-1

B0502. PROGRAM RESPONSIBILITIES...........................B5-1

B0503. SIGHT CONSERVATION ELEMENTS........................B5-3

B0504. DETERMINATION AND DESIGNATION OF EYE-HAZARDOUS AREAS AND PROCESSES..................................... B5-3

B0505. MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE...............................B5-4

B0506. ISSUE AND MAINTENANCE OF SIGHT PROTECTION

EQUIPMENT..........................................B5-4

B0507. TEMPORARY PROTECTIVE EYEWEAR.......................B5-5

B0508. EMERGENCY EYEWASH AND DELUGE SHOWER FACILITIES.....B5-5

B0509. TRAINING...........................................B5-9


APPENDIX B5-A TYPES OF PROTECTIVE EYEWEAR.......B5-A-1 CHAPTER B6. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION .........................B6-1

B0601. DISCUSSION.........................................B6-1


B0603. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION ELEMENTS....................B6-4

B0604. TYPES OF RESPIRATORS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS........B6-5

B0605. RESPIRATOR SELECTION...............................B6-9

B0606. LIMITATIONS OF RESPIRATORS........................B6-11

B0607. USE OF RESPIRATORS................................B6-13

B0608. RESPIRATOR FIT TESTING............................B6-15

B0609. INSPECTION, CLEANING, STORAGE AND MAINTENANCE OF RESPIRATORS.......................................B6-16


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME I SECTION B

_________________MAJOR HAZARD-SPECIFIC ELEMENTS_________________

B0610. ENTRY INTO IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE OR HEALTH (IDLH) ATMOSPHERES ...............................B6-19

B0611. BREATHING AIR REQUIREMENTS........................B6-21

B0612. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION TRAINING...................B6-22

B0613. MEDICAL EVALUATIONS...............................B6-23

B0614. SUBMARINE RESPIRATORY PROTECTION..................B6-24

CHAPTER B6 REFERENCES.............................B6-31 APPENDIX B6-A RESPIRATOR PROGRAM CHECKLIST......B6-A-1 APPENDIX B6-B TYPES OF RESPIRATORS..............B6-B-1 APPENDIX B6-C QUALITATIVE RESPIRATOR FIT TEST

PROTOCOLS........................................B6-C-1 CHAPTER B7. ELECTRICAL SAFETY ..............................B7-1

B0701. DISCUSSION.........................................B7-1


B0703. ELECTRICAL SAFETY ELEMENTS.........................B7-3

B0704. WORKING ON DE-ENERGIZED EQUIPMENT..................B7-3

B0705. WORKING ON ENERGIZED EQUIPMENT.....................B7-4

B0706. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT......................B7-4

B0707. PORTABLE ELECTRICAL TOOL ISSUE.....................B7-5

B0708. TRAINING...........................................B7-5

CHAPTER B7 REFERENCES..............................B7-6 CHAPTER B8. GAS FREE ENGINEERING ...........................B8-1

B0801. DISCUSSION.........................................B8-1

B0802. PRECAUTIONS........................................B8-1

B0803. GAS FREE ENGINEERING SUBSECTIONS...................B8-2


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME I SECTION B

_________________MAJOR HAZARD-SPECIFIC ELEMENTS________________ CHAPTER B8 REFERENCES..............................B8-3

CHAPTER B9. RADIATION SAFETY ...............................B9-1

B0901. DISCUSSION.........................................B9-1


B0903. GUIDANCE...........................................B9-8

B0904. RADIATION HAZARD AREAS............................B9-19

B0905. MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE..............................B9-20

B0906. RADIATION INCIDENTS...............................B9-22


APPENDIX B9-A CHAPTER B9 RADIATION INSTRUCTIONS, STANDARDS,REGULATIONS, MANUALS, AND HANDBOOKS....B9-A-1

CHAPTER B10. LEAD CONTROL ..................................B10-1

B1001. DISCUSSION........................................B10-1

B1002. PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT AND ACTION LEVEL TRIGGERING REQUIREMENTS......................................B10-1

B1003. LEAD CONTROL RESPONSIBILITIES.....................B10-2

B1004. LEAD CONTROL ELEMENTS.............................B10-4

B1005. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE SURVEY.........................B10-4

B1006. CONTROL OF LEAD IN THE WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENT......B10-5

B1007. WASTE DISPOSAL PROCEDURES.........................B10-8

B1008. MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE..............................B10-8

B1009. WRITTEN COMPLIANCE PLAN...........................B10-9

B1010. TRAINING.........................................B10-10

CHAPTER B10 REFERENCES...........................B10-11


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME I SECTION B

_________________MAJOR HAZARD-SPECIFIC ELEMENTS________________ CHAPTER B11. TAG-OUT .......................................B11-1

B1101. DISCUSSION........................................B11-1

CHAPTER B11 REFERENCES............................B11-1 APPENDIX B11-A TAG-OUT PROGRAM CHECKLIST.......B11-A-1

CHAPTER B12. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT .................B12-1

B1201. DISCUSSION........................................B12-1

B1202. RESPONSIBILITIES..................................B12-1

B1203. PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT..............................B12-2

CHAPTER B12 REFERENCES............................B12-6 APPENDIX B12-A PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT STOCK NUMBER INFORMATION..............................B12-A-1

APPENDIX B12-B PERSONAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT CHECKLIST.............................B12-B-1

CHAPTER B13. RESERVED (ERGONOMICS)

CHAPTER B14. RESERVED (FALL PROTECTION)


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME II SECTION C

SURFACE SHIP SAFETY STANDARDS

CHAPTER C1. BASIC SAFETY ...................................C1-1

C0101. DISCUSSION.........................................C1-1

C0102. GENERAL SAFETY STANDARDS...........................C1-1

C0103. TRAINING...........................................C1-6

C0104. SAFETY COLOR CODE AND SIGNS FOR MARKING PHYSICAL HAZARDS.. C1-6

CHAPTER C1 REFERENCES..............................C1-8 CHAPTER C2. DRY CARGO OPERATIONS/STORES HANDLING ...........C2-1

C0201. DISCUSSION.........................................C2-1

C0202. PRECAUTIONS – WORKING PARTIES MOVING STORES........C2-1

C0203. PRECAUTIONS – CARGO HANDLING FOR SUPERVISORS.......C2-2

C0204. PRECAUTIONS DURING CARGO OPERATIONS................C2-4

C0205. STOWAGE PRECAUTIONS................................C2-7

C0206. NETS...............................................C2-7

C0207. PALLETS............................................C2-7

C0208. CONVEYORS..........................................C2-8

CHAPTER C2 REFERENCES..............................C2-9 CHAPTER C3. UNDERWAY REPLENISHMENT .........................C3-1

C0301. DISCUSSION.........................................C3-1

C0302. PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED PRIOR TO UNREP OPERATIONS .... C3-1

C0303. PRECAUTIONS DURING UNREP OPERATIONS................C3-3

CHAPTER C3 REFERENCES..............................C3-6

CHAPTER C4. SMALL BOATS ....................................C4-1

C0401. DISCUSSION.........................................C4-1


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME II SECTION C


C0402. PRECAUTIONS FOR LAUNCHING AND RETRIEVAL............C4-1

C0403. SMALL BOAT FUELING.................................C4-3

C0404. OPERATIONS.........................................C4-4

C0405. CONTRACT LIBERTY BOAT SAFETY.......................C4-7

CHAPTER C4 REFERENCES..............................C4-9 CHAPTER C5. WIRE AND FIBER ROPE ............................C5-1

C0501. DISCUSSION.........................................C5-1

C0502. GENERAL PRECAUTIONS................................C5-1

C0503. NATURAL LINES......................................C5-3

C0504. SYNTHETIC LINES ...................................C5-4

C0505. WIRE AND SPRING LAY ROPE...........................C5-5

C0506. CABLE CLEANER/LUBRICANT ...........................C5-6

CHAPTER C5 REFERENCES..............................C5-6 CHAPTER C6. GROUND TACKLE AND TOWING .......................C6-1

C0601. DISCUSSION.........................................C6-1

C0602. GROUND TACKLE PRECAUTIONS..........................C6-1

C0603. TOWING PRECAUTIONS.................................C6-4

CHAPTER C6 REFERENCES..............................C6-4 CHAPTER C7. HELICOPTER OPERATIONS ..........................C7-1

C0701. DISCUSSION.........................................C7-1

C0702. PRECAUTIONS........................................C7-1



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TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME II SECTION C


CHAPTER C8. WORKING OVER THE SIDE OR ALOFT; VERTICAL TRUNKS;

DRYDOCK SAFETY .................................C8-1

C0801. DISCUSSION.........................................C8-1


C0803. PROCEDURES FOR WORKING OVER THE SIDE...............C8-3

C0804. PROCEDURES FOR PERSONNEL WORKING ALOFT.............C8-3

C0805. DRYDOCK SAFETY PRECAUTIONS.........................C8-4

C0806. OPERATING AERIAL LIFTS.............................C8-5

C0807. PROCEDURES FOR WORKING IN VERTICAL TRUNKS..........C8-7

CHAPTER C8 REFERENCES..............................C8-8 CHAPTER C9. ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC SAFETY AND TAG-OUT

PRECAUTIONS ....................................C9-1

C0901. DISCUSSION.........................................C9-1

C0902. DEFINITIONS........................................C9-1

C0903. ELECTRICAL PRECAUTIONS.............................C9-1

C0904. WET CELL BATTERIES.................................C9-5

C0905. LITHIUM AND MERCURY BATTERIES......................C9-7

C0906. ELECTRICAL FIRES...................................C9-8

C0907. FIRST AID FOR ELECTRICAL SHOCK.....................C9-9

C0908. ELECTRONIC PRECAUTIONS............................C9-10

C0909. ELECTRICALLY AND ELECTRONICALLY SAFE WORK BENCHES.C9-13

C0910. TAG-OUT...........................................C9-14

CHAPTER C9 REFERENCES.............................C9-14


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME II SECTION C


CHAPTER C10. SHIPBOARD FUELS ...............................C10-1

C1001. DISCUSSION........................................C10-1

C1002. DEFINITIONS.......................................C10-1

C1003. PRECAUTIONS.......................................C10-1

CHAPTER C10 REFERENCES............................C10-4 CHAPTER C11. WELDING, CUTTING, BRAZING, AND HOT WORK .......C11-1

C1101. DISCUSSION........................................C11-1

C1102. PRECAUTIONS.......................................C11-2

C1103. EXTRA PRECAUTIONS FOR WORK IN RESTRICTED ACCESS

SPACES ................................................C11-10

CHAPTER C11 REFERENCES...........................C11-11 CHAPTER C12. SHIPBOARD AIRCRAFT SAFETY .....................C12-1

C1201. DISCUSSION........................................C12-1

C1202. GENERAL FIRE PRECAUTIONS .........................C12-1

C1203. HOUSEKEEPING......................................C12-2

C1204. FOREIGN OBJECT DAMAGE (FOD).......................C12-3

C1205. LIQUID OXYGEN.....................................C12-3

C1206. ARRESTING GEAR AND BARRICADES.....................C12-5

C1207. HAZARDS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF ORDNANCE

(HERO) ...........................................C12-6

CHAPTER C12 REFERENCES............................C12-6 CHAPTER C13. MACHINERY .....................................C13-1

C1301. DISCUSSION........................................C13-1

C1302. GENERAL PRECAUTIONS ..............................C13-1

C1303. MAINTENANCE.......................................C13-4


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VOLUME II SECTION C


C1304. INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT..............................C13-4

CHAPTER C13 REFERENCES...........................C13-19 CHAPTER C14. ORDNANCE ......................................C14-1

C1401. DISCUSSION........................................C14-1

C1402. GENERAL ORDNANCE PRECAUTIONS......................C14-1

C1403. ORDNANCE HANDLING PRECAUTIONS.....................C14-2

CHAPTER C14 REFERENCES............................C14-3 CHAPTER C15. MARINE SANITATION DEVICES (SEWAGE SYSTEMS) ....C15-1

C1501. DISCUSSION........................................C15-1

C1502. SANITARY, HYGIENIC, AND SAFETY PROCEDURES.........C15-1

C1503. GAS FREE ENGINEERING FOR MSD SYSTEMS..............C15-3

C1504. CONTROL OF TOXIC GAS HAZARDS IN SEWAGE MSD

SYSTEMS ..........................................C15-4

C1505. GRAYWATER COLLECTION/TRANSFER SYSTEMS AND GRAYWATER HOLDING TANKS ....................................C15-5

C1506. DISCHARGE REQUIREMENTS AND ADDITIONAL GUIDANCE ...C15-5

CHAPTER C15 REFERENCES............................C15-6 CHAPTER C16. HEAVY WEATHER .................................C16-1

C1601. DISCUSSION........................................C16-1

C1602. LIFELINES.........................................C16-1

C1603. TIE-DOWNS.........................................C16-1

C1604. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS UNDER HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS.C16-1 CHAPTER C17. ABANDONING SHIP ...............................C17-1

C1701. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS DURING ABANDONING SHIP.........C17-1

CHAPTER C17 REFERENCES............................C17-2


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VOLUME II SECTION C


CHAPTER C18. PAINTING AND PRESERVATION .....................C18-1

C1801. DISCUSSION........................................C18-1

C1802. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR PAINT REMOVAL .............C18-1

C1803. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR SURFACE PREPARATION AND PAINTING OPERATIONS .............................C18-3

CHAPTER C18 REFERENCES............................C18-4 CHAPTER C19. FOOD SERVICE AND TRASH AND GARBAGE DISPOSAL EQUIPMENT ..............................................C19-1

C1901. DISCUSSION........................................C19-1


C1903. COOKING UTENSILS..................................C19-3

C1904. FOOD PREPARATION..................................C19-4

C1905. SAFE OPERATION OF FOOD SERVICE EQUIPMENT..........C19-5

C1906. TRASH AND GARBAGE PROCESSING EQUIPMENT ..........C19-11

CHAPTER C19 REFERENCES...........................C19-13 CHAPTER C20. LAUNDRIES AND PHOTOGRAPHY LABS AND DARKROOMS ..C20-1

C2001. DISCUSSION........................................C20-1

C2002. LAUNDRY PRECAUTIONS...............................C20-1

C2003. PRECAUTIONS FOR LITHOGRAPHIC, PHOTOGRAPHIC, AND RADIOGRAPHIC DARKROOMS AND LABORATORIES...........C20-3

CHAPTER C20 REFERENCES............................C20-4 CHAPTER C21. MEDICAL AND DENTAL FACILITIES .................C21-1

C2101. DISCUSSION........................................C21-1

C2102. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR MEDICAL AND DENTAL FACILITIES .... C21-1



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VOLUME II SECTION C


CHAPTER C22. CO2 FIXED FLOODING SYSTEMS SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AND PROCEDURES ..............................................C22-1

C2201. DISCUSSION........................................C22-1

C2202. HEALTH HAZARDS OF CARBON DIOXIDE..................C22-1

C2203. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS................................C22-2

C2204. GENERAL PROCEDURES DURING MAINTENANCE WORK........C22-4

C2205. DISABLING PROCEDURES..............................C22-4

C2206. RESCUE PERSONNEL PROCEDURES.......................C22-5 CHAPTER C23. HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT STANDARDS .....................................................C23-1

C2301. DISCUSSION........................................C23-1

C2302. HMC&M – HAZMINCEN STANDARDS...................... C23-2

C2303. HM STORAGE SEGREGATION STANDARDS.................C23-12

C2304. GENERAL HANDLING AND USE REQUIREMENTS............C23-18

C2305. SPECIALTY MATERIAL...............................C23-20

CHAPTER C23 REFERENCES...........................C23-22

APPENDIX C23-A HAZARDOUS MATERIAL STORAGE SEGREGATION MATRIX ...............................................C23-A-1

APPENDIX C23-B HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT (HMC&M) CHECKLIST SURFACE

SHIP PROGRAM....................................C23-B-1


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VOLUME III SECTION D

SUBMARINE SAFETY STANDARDS

CHAPTER D1. BASIC SAFETY ...................................D1-1

D0101. DISCUSSION.........................................D1-1

D0102. GENERAL SAFETY STANDARDS...........................D1-1

D0103. TRAINING...........................................D1-5

D0104. EMERGENCY RESPONSE EQUIPMENT.......................D1-6

D0105. SAFETY COLOR CODE AND SIGNS FOR MARKING PHYSICAL HAZARDS.. D1-6

CHAPTER D1 REFERENCES..............................D1-8 CHAPTER D2. DRY CARGO OPERATIONS/STORES HANDLING/RIGGING ...D2-1

D0201. DISCUSSION.........................................D2-1

D0202. PRECAUTIONS – WORKING PARTIES MOVING STORES........D2-1

D0203. STORES HANDLING PRECAUTIONS .......................D2-2

D0204. CHAINFALLS AND COME-A-LONGS........................D2-4

CHAPTER D2 REFERENCES..............................D2-5 CHAPTER D3. WIRE AND FIBER ROPE ............................D3-1

D0301. DISCUSSION.........................................D3-1

D0302. GENERAL PRECAUTIONS................................D3-1

D0303. SYNTHETIC LINES....................................D3-3

D0304. WIRE AND SPRING LAY ROPE ..........................D3-3

D0305. NATURAL LINES......................................D3-4

CHAPTER D3 REFERENCES..............................D3-5 CHAPTER D4. WORKING OVER THE SIDE, TOPSIDE, OR ALOFT; VERTICAL TRUNKS; DRYDOCK SAFETY; CONTRACT LIBERTY BOAT SAFETY.........D4-1

D0401. DISCUSSION.........................................D4-1


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D0403. ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONS FOR WORKING OVER THE SIDE OR TOPSIDE......................................D4-2

D0404. PERSONNEL WORKING ON OR WITHIN THE SAIL............D4-3

D0405. DRYDOCK SAFETY PRECAUTIONS.........................D4-3

D0406. CONTRACT LIBERTY BOAT SAFETY.......................D4-5

CHAPTER D4 REFERENCES..............................D5-5 CHAPTER D5. ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC SAFETY AND TAG-OUT PRECAUTIONS .......................................................D5-1

D0501. DISCUSSION.........................................D5-1

D0502. DEFINITIONS........................................D5-1

D0503. ELECTRICAL PRECAUTIONS.............................D5-1

D0504. BATTERIES..........................................D5-5

D0505. ELECTRICAL FIRES...................................D5-8

D0506. FIRST AID FOR ELECTRICAL SHOCK.....................D5-9

D0507. ELECTRONIC PRECAUTIONS............................D5-10

D0508. TAG-OUT...........................................D5-13

CHAPTER D5 REFERENCES.............................D5-13 CHAPTER D6. SHIPBOARD FUELS ................................D6-1

D0601. DISCUSSION.........................................D6-1

D0602. PRECAUTIONS........................................D6-1

CHAPTER D6 REFERENCES..............................D6-3 CHAPTER D7. WELDING, CUTTING, AND BRAZING ..................D7-1

D0701. DISCUSSION.........................................D7-1

D0702. PRECAUTIONS........................................D7-2


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CHAPTER D7 REFERENCES..............................D7-8 CHAPTER D8. MACHINERY ......................................D8-1

D0801. DISCUSSION.........................................D8-1

D0802. GENERAL PRECAUTIONS ...............................D8-1

D0803. MAINTENANCE........................................D8-3

D0804. INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT...............................D8-4

D0805. TRASH COMPACTOR/TRASH DISPOSAL UNIT...............D8-13 CHAPTER D9. SANITATION SYSTEMS .............................D9-1

D0901. DISCUSSION.........................................D9-1

D0902. GAS FREE ENGINEERING FOR SANITATION SYSTEMS........D9-1

D0903. SUBMARINE SANITATION SYSTEMS.......................D9-2

D0904. SANITARY, HYGIENIC, AND SAFETY PROCEDURES..........D9-4

D0905. DISCHARGE REQUIREMENTS AND ADDITIONAL GUIDANCE ....D9-7

CHAPTER D9 REFERENCES..............................D9-7 CHAPTER D10. HEAVY WEATHER .................................D10-1

D1001. DISCUSSION........................................D10-1

D1002. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHILE IN PORT AND/OR MOORED....D10-1

D1003. OPEN OCEAN OPERATIONS.............................D10-2

CHAPTER D11. ABANDONING SHIP ...............................D11-1

D1101. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS DURING ABANDONING SHIP.........D11-1 CHAPTER D12. PAINTING AND PRESERVATION .....................D12-1

D1201. DISCUSSION........................................D12-1


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D1202. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR PAINT REMOVAL .............D12-1

D1203. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR SURFACE PREPARATION & PAINTING OPERATIONS........................................D12-3

CHAPTER D13. FOOD PREPARATION AND SERVING FACILITIES .......D13-1

D1301. DISCUSSION........................................D13-1

D1302. GENERAL PRECAUTIONS ..............................D13-1

D1303. COOKING UTENSILS..................................D13-3

D1304. FOOD PREPARATION..................................D13-4

D1305. SAFE OPERATION OF FOOD SERVICE EQUIPMENT..........D13-6

CHAPTER D13 REFERENCES...........................D13-12 CHAPTER D14. LAUNDRY MACHINES ..............................D14-1

D1401. DISCUSSION........................................D14-1

D1402. PRECAUTIONS RELATING TO LAUNDRY EQUIPMENT.........D14-1

CHAPTER D14 REFERENCES............................D14-3 CHAPTER D15. SUBMARINE HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT STANDARDS ..............................................D15-1

D1501. DISCUSSION........................................D15-1

D1502. GENERAL HMC&M STANDARDS.......................... D15-2

D1503. GENERAL STORAGE STANDARDS.........................D15-8

D1504. GENERAL HANDLING AND USE REQUIREMENTS.............D15-9

D1505. FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL...............D15-10

D1506. TOXIC MATERIAL...................................D15-12

D1507. CORROSIVE MATERIALS..............................D15-15


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D1508. OXIDIZERS........................................D15-19

D1509. AEROSOLS.........................................D15-21

D1510. COMPRESSED GASES.................................D15-21

CHAPTER D15 REFERENCES...........................D15-27 APPENDIX D15-A HAZARDOUS MATERIAL COMPATIBILITY

STORAGE DIAGRAM (USING HAZARD CHARACTERISTIC CODE (HCC))..........................................D15-A-1

GLOSSARY ....................................................G-1


CHAPTER A1

INTRODUCTION

A0101. BACKGROUND a. The Navy has conducted safety and occupational health (SOH) programs for many years. These programs gained special prominence after passage of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHAct) in 1970. The primary thrust of the OSHAct was directed at the private sector employer; however, section 19 of the OSHAct and several subsequent presidential executive orders directed federal agencies to establish and maintain occupational safety and health programs. Requirements for such programs are contained in Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 1960 (29 CFR 1960). b. References A1-1 and A1-2 issued policy statements and outlined responsibilities for the implementation of the total safety and occupational health program for the Navy. The total safety and occupational health program includes all safety disciplines, such as system safety, aviation safety, weapons/explosives safety, traffic, recreational and off-duty and occupational safety and health. c. Reference A1-3 is the Navy’s SOH program manual and applies to both shore and afloat commands. Due to the many unique and specific situations associated with forces afloat, this manual was developed to be the primary SOH resource document for implementing the SOH Program for afloat commands. d. Reference A1-4 provides policy and procedures for mishap investigation, reporting, and recording. A0102. PURPOSE AND ORGANIZATION OF THIS MANUAL a. The purpose of this manual is to provide commanding officers, safety officers, managers, supervisors, and workers for afloat commands with a document that gives the guidance and direction necessary to implement the SOH program.


A1-2

b. This manual addresses all aspects of afloat SOH program management. In some instances, small ships (less than 300 personnel) may have to modify program management to suit their command. To ensure uniformity, group and squadron commanders may specify how small ships under their command are to implement the program management aspects of this manual (see paragraphs A0202(e) and A0202(f)). c. This manual is organized into four sections.

(1) Section A: SOH Program Administration. This section outlines the overall administration, organizational, and training aspects of the SOH program, including a statement of policy and a listing of responsibilities.

(2) Section B: Major Hazard Specific Chapters. This section is divided into chapters which address specific hazards such as asbestos management, heat stress, hazardous material control and management, radiation protection, electrical safety, gas free engineering, tag-out and personal protective equipment. This section is addressed to personnel who have SOH management responsibilities and assist the commanding officer in implementing SOH requirements (e.g., safety officer, electrical safety officer, gas free engineer, hazardous material coordinator, and the medical department representative).

(3) Section C: Surface Ship Safety Standards. This section contains basic safety requirements that are applicable to surface ship activities and/or equipment. These precautions comprise the SOH safety standards for surface ships required by reference A1-1. It may be necessary, when conducting operations and maintenance on specific systems or equipment, to consult other Navy publications such as the Naval Ships Technical Manual (NSTM), naval warfare publications (NWPs), technical/operating manuals, and equipment maintenance requirement cards (MRCs) from the planned maintenance system (PMS) for additional safety precautions. This section is written for the individual deck-plate sailor and his/her supervisor.

(4) Section D: Submarine Safety Standards. This section contains basic safety requirements that are applicable to submarine activities and/or equipment. These precautions provide similar guidance to submarines as section C does for surface ships. These standards do not duplicate or supersede


A1-3

the safety precautions found in either the standard submarine organization and regulations manual (SSORM), the ships systems manuals (SSMs), or the standard operating procedures (SOPs) applicable to submarines. These other standards augment section D precautions. A0103. APPLICABILITY a. The provisions of this manual apply to all Navy ship operations afloat including United States naval ships (USNS) of the Military Sealift Command (MSC) manned by federal civil service mariners and military personnel. Due to the manning complexities for MSC ships, there may be some administrative procedures in this manual that will need to be tailored for MSC ship applications. These procedures shall, at a minimum, provide protection equal to or better than that provided by this manual. Aviation squadrons and other embarked units that are required to comply with reference A1-3 ashore shall coordinate safety program requirements with the ship. The provisions also apply to Marine Corps personnel embarked in the aforementioned vessels. Information contained within volume I of this manual that specifically applies to submarines or that which exempts submarines is annotated as such. Shore activity service craft shall comply with the requirements of reference A1-3. b. Requirements of this instruction are applicable to ship’s forces while underway and during pier side evolutions. Other Navy instructions and requirements may have precedence during availabilities and when shore side personnel (military, Navy, civilian, or commercial) are on-board performing operations while pier side. Examples include energy control, gas free engineering, hazardous material, and fire watches. Afloat commands shall coordinate with appropriate personnel during pre-planning meetings for availabilities and pier side operations involving shore side personnel to ensure applicable Navy SOH instructions are identified and implemented. c. Under the statutory authority of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and Executive Order 12344, codified in Public Law 98-525, the Director, Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program (CNO (NOON)), is responsible for the safety of reactors and associated naval nuclear propulsion plants, and the control of radiation and radioactivity associated with naval nuclear propulsion plant activities, including prescribing and enforcing


A1-4

standards and regulations for these areas as they affect the environment and the safety and health of workers, operators, and the general public. Nothing in this manual shall affect the standards and requirements established by the Director, Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program (CNO NOON)), for areas under his cognizance. However, for areas other than those described above, such as asbestos control, heat-stress, electrical safety, and gas free engineering, the requirements of this manual apply to activities involved with naval nuclear propulsion. d. This manual addresses the identification and maintenance of safe and healthful conditions in afloat work places or occupational environments. Recreational and off-duty safety and traffic safety program requirements are provided in references A1-5 and A1-6. Some, but not all, of aviation safety (chapters C7 and C12) and explosives safety (chapter C14) are addressed. Additional guidance in these areas is provided in references A1-7 through A1-10. A0104. REFERENCES AND DEFINITION OF TERMS For matters of convenience and organization, references for a specific chapter appear at the end of each chapter. Special terms and their definitions appear in the glossary at the end of volume I of the manual. A0105. SOH MANUAL CHANGES a. Users who identify a requirement for a modification to this manual shall initiate a change recommendation as follows:

(1) A proposed alteration to this manual or a safety requirement shall be submitted by the identifying command to Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), Special Assistant for Safety Matters (N09F), via the chain of command.

(2) A proposed alteration to a health standard/ criterion may be submitted by an individual or command to the Navy Environmental Health Center (NAVENVIRHLTHCEN) via the chain of command. NAVENVIRHLTHCEN shall submit the proposed modification to the Department of Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (BUMED), with a recommendation regarding incorporation of the modification into the manual.


A1-5

b. Modifications to the manual shall be issued in the following manner:

(1) Alterations which are necessary for immediate

incorporation into the manual and which cannot wait for the development of the next manual change shall be issued as advanced changes (A/Cs) by CNO (N09F). These changes may be issued by message or letter depending upon the requirement for manual entry timeliness.

(2) Periodically when a large number of modifications

to the manual are necessary, a change to the manual shall be issued by CNO (N09F). These changes shall incorporate previously issued advanced changes.

(3) Changes to this manual shall be accomplished by page replacement. A0106. TERMINOLOGY The words shall, will, must, should, may, and can are used throughout this manual. Shall, will, and must are directive in nature and require mandatory compliance. Should is a strong recommendation, but compliance is not required. May or can, when used, are optional in nature and compliance is not required. A0107. PRECEDENCE In cases of conflicting safety standards among various directives and technical manuals, precedence shall be given to the directive issued by the highest authority and of the most recent issue date (i.e., Federal, DoD, SECNAV, OPNAV, Echelon 2, TYCOM, etc.). If a standard is not provided within any of those documents, then nationally recognized consensus standards, such as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), National Institute of Safety and Health (NIOSH) or other federally recognized national consensus standard may be cited.


A1-6

CHAPTER A1

REFERENCES

A1-1. SECNAVINST 5100.10J A1-2. OPNAVINST 5100.8G A1-3. OPNAVINST 5100.23G A1-4. OPNAVINST 5102.1D/MCO P5102.1B A1-5. OPNAVINST 5100.25A A1-6. OPNAVINST 5100.12G A1-7. OPNAVINST 3750.6R A1-8. Naval Warfare Publication/Fleet Marine Force Manual, NWP 3-04.1M/FMFM 5-34, Shipboard Helicopter Operating Procedures A1-9. Naval Warfare Publication, NWP 3-50.1, Navy Search and Rescue Manual A1-10. Naval Sea Systems Command, NAVSEA OP-4, Ammunition and Explosives


CHAPTER A2

SOH PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES

A0201. POLICY Navy policy is to maintain safe and healthy working conditions for personnel and enhance operational readiness and mission accomplishments by establishing an aggressive safety and occupational health (SOH) program that will reduce occupational injuries, illnesses or deaths, and material loss or damage. The safety aspects of the program address the elimination or control of hazards that can result in immediate injury or death. The occupational health aspects are primarily concerned with the identification, elimination, or control of hazardous chemical, physical, and biological agents with potentially adverse health effects. Also included is the diagnosis and treatment of work related illnesses and injuries. A successful Navy SOH program that reduces work-related injuries and illnesses results when the program is emphasized at every level of the organization. The Navy is in accordance with this principle, and the overall responsibility for the SOH program is vested in the Secretary of the Navy and implemented through the chain of command. The maintenance of safe and healthful working conditions is a responsibility of the chain of command. A0202. OVERALL NAVY PROGRAM

a. The Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Installations and Environment) is the designated SOH official for the Department of the Navy.

b. Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) is responsible for implementation and management of the SOH program and, in coordination with the Commandant of the Marine Corps, for matters of mutual concern. The CNO shall:

(1) Issue appropriate SOH policy and standards. Chief of

Naval Operations, Special Assistant for Safety Matters (N09F), is responsible for developing program policy and guidance and issuing standards under references A2-1 through A2-6.


A2-2

(2) Ensure that fleet commanders maintain a staff of qualified SOH professionals who shall be responsible for maintaining a comprehensive SOH program. This includes providing guidance, direction, and policy for SOH matters throughout the fleet.

(3) Establish appropriate planning, programming, staffing

requirements, and budgeting for the SOH program and training. (4) Conduct research and development to preclude

occupational hazards or exposures from causing physical injury or degrading health status or work performance.

(5) Develop SOH program evaluations/inspection criteria. (6) Provide for occupationally-related medical support. (7) Develop procedures for prompt investigation of

reports of unsafe or unhealthful working conditions and ensures corrective action is taken within appropriate time periods.

(8) Ensure personnel receive thorough and continuing

training on SOH matters and risk management. (9) Adopt, develop, and review proposed alternate

standards and promulgate SOH standards. c. Commander, U.S. Fleet Forces (CFFC) Command; Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet (COMPACFLT); Commander, Military Sealift Command (COMSC); and Commander, Special Warfare Command (COMSPECWARCOM). As safety is an inherent responsibility of command, CFFC, COMPACFLT, COMSC, and COMSPECWARCOM shall maintain a staff of qualified SOH professionals who shall be responsible for maintaining a comprehensive SOH program. This includes providing policy, direction, guidance, and oversight for SOH matters throughout the fleet and ensuring that subordinate commanders, commanding officers, and officers in charge:

(1) Conduct and maintain an aggressive and comprehensive

SOH program. (2) Assign SOH responsibilities to qualified personnel as

a primary duty billet.


A2-3

(3) Set SOH performance targets and measures, with concurrence of the type commanders, for comparison by ship class and operational cycle and provide them to the Board of Inspection and Survey (INSURV). These targets and the measures shall be reviewed on an annual basis.

(4) Coordinate with Commander, Navy Installations Command

(CNIC), systems commands, Commander, Naval Safety Center, and regional and shore host activity commanders regarding support services for traffic, recreational and off-duty, home, hazardous materials/waste, and other aspects of SOH provided to local afloat units.

(5) Ensure timely, thorough safety investigations are

conducted in accordance with reference A2-7.

d. Type Commanders (TYCOMs). Oversight of subordinate commands' SOH programs and coordination of matters of mutual concern are the primary responsibilities of TYCOMs. Accordingly, TYCOMs shall:

(1) Ensure that subordinate commands implement the SOH

afloat program. Program oversight shall be in accordance with reference A2-1.

(2) Assign TYCOM SOH responsibilities to qualified

personnel as a primary duty billet. If the TYCOM safety officer has not previously attended this course, ensure newly assigned TYCOM safety officer(s) attends the Afloat Safety Officer course (A-4J-0020) or Submarine Safety Officer course (F-4J-0020), as appropriate, prior to or within six months of assignment.

(3) Provide SOH assist visits, upon request. (4) Coordinate and promote those aspects of the SOH

program of mutual concern to forces afloat. (5) Coordinate industrial hygiene support and minimally

retain cover letter(s), executive summaries or electronic versions of industrial hygiene surveys for units under their cognizance.


conducted in accordance with reference A2-7.


A2-4

e. Immediate Superiors in Command (ISICs) shall:

(1) Assign SOH responsibilities to qualified personnel. Ensure that the ISIC safety officer attends the Afloat Safety Officer Course (A-4J-0020) or Submarine Safety Officer Course (F-4J-0020), as appropriate, prior to or within six months of assignment.

(2) Assist afloat commands to ensure that afloat workplace

SOH discrepancies beyond shipboard capability are identified and prioritized in the workload availability package.


conducted in accordance with reference A2-7. (4) Ensure afloat commands complete required safety surveys

and baseline and periodic industrial hygiene surveys. (5) Ensure SOH program oversight inspections of subordinate

commands are conducted at a minimum of once every three years, to include reviews of the traffic safety program (reference A2-6), the recreational/off-duty safety program (reference A2-7) and operational risk management implementation (reference A2-8) are performed. INSURV safety and occupational health inspections and Naval Safety Center afloat safety surveys will meet this requirement provided that copies of the results are provided to the ISIC by the unit commanding officer. The unit commanding officer must provide a copy of the report and written status to the ISIC of all discrepancies identified during the survey within 30 days of receipt of the report. The report should indicate those discrepancies that have been corrected, those on the consolidated ship maintenance project (CSMP) (including job sequence number (JSN)), and those beyond capability of the command to correct without outside assistance. Program implementation reviews should utilize the checklists provided in this instruction and the Naval Safety Center website at: http://www.safetycenter.navy.mil/afloat/checklists. f. Specified Support Areas. Specified support areas are concerned with those aspects of the SOH program requiring special attention or technical expertise. The Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command; Commander, Naval Air Systems Command; Chief, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery; Naval Safety Center; and the Chief, Naval Education and Training, in coordination with or at the


A2-5

direction of respective primary program sponsors, develop procedures, SOH standards, and instructions for the specified support areas. The designated officials will carry out these responsibilities as follows:

(1) Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command (COMNAVSEASYSCOM), and Commander, Naval Air Systems Command (COMNAVAIRSYSCOM), ensure that:

(a) SOH aspects are considered in the design and

engineering of all ships and aircraft, weapons or weapon systems, equipment, materials, supplies, and facilities which are acquired, constructed, or provided through COMNAVSEASYSCOM/COMNAVAIRSYSCOM.

(b) Engineering control of significant occupational

health problems, such as noise, asbestos, and hazardous materials, is emphasized.

(2) Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (BUMED). BUMED provides support in all aspects of occupational health, including occupational medicine, industrial hygiene, and environmental health. BUMED, through the Navy Environmental Health Center (NAVENVIRHLTHCEN), shall ensure appropriate audit control and overall centralized management of the Consolidated Industrial Hygiene Laboratories (CIHLs). Navy environmental and preventive medicine units and naval medical treatment facilities provide assistance to afloat commands in the occupational health aspects of the SOH program.

(3) Commander, Naval Safety Center (COMNAVSAFECEN).

COMNAVSAFECEN, in addition to serving as CNO (N09F), Special Assistant for Safety Matters, collects and analyzes mishap data and disseminates lessons learned and other safety information. COMNAVSAFECEN provides direct support and assistance to fleet units in safety matters upon request. COMNAVSAFECEN sponsors and coordinates the CNO safety awards, conducts safety surveys, and assists as requested with safety investigations conducted in accordance with reference A2-7.

(4) Naval Education and Training Command (NETC) and

Navy Occupational Safety and Health and Environmental Training Center (NAVOSHENVTRACEN) ensure that all elements of the SOH Navy Training Systems Plan, NTSP S-40-8630D, for afloat units are properly executed.


A2-6

(5) President, Board of Inspection and Survey (PRESINSURV) conducts SOH oversight inspections/assessments for forces afloat as part of the regular INSURV inspection process. A0203. COMMAND PROGRAM a. Ships or other afloat units can only achieve a safe and healthful working environment through the full participation and cooperation of all personnel assigned. Establishing and implementing a comprehensive SOH program is achieved through the ship's chain of command. b. Commanding Officers. The commanding officers of ships and other afloat units shall:

(1) Implement and maintain a continuing SOH program per this instruction.

(2) Designate a command primary duty or collateral duty

safety officer. Ensure that the command safety officer is provided with SOH management training in accordance with chapter A5 of this instruction.

(3) Ensure the command has received a baseline

industrial hygiene survey and has a copy of the survey report on-board. Any additional industrial hygiene information received after the baseline survey, such as the periodic IH survey, or follow-on reports shall be appended to the baseline survey.

(4) Coordinate occupational health support with the

cognizant BUMED activity. (5) Incorporate required SOH training into the

command's training program. (6) Ensure timely, thorough safety investigations are

conducted in accordance with reference A2-7. (7) Serve as the chair of the Safety Council. (8) Designate a command web-enabled safety system (WESS)

safety authority so that access to unit data may be retrieved.


A2-7

(9) Ensure that an INSURV safety and occupational health inspection or Naval Safety Center afloat safety survey is conducted at a minimum of every three years. A copy of the inspection/survey results will be provided to the ISIC by the unit commanding officer within 30 days of receipt of inspection/survey report along with written status report of all discrepancies identified during the inspection/survey visit. The status report should indicate those discrepancies that have been corrected, those on the consolidated ship maintenance (CSMP) (including job sequence number (JSN)), and those beyond capability of the command to correct without outside assistance.

c. Safety Officer/Collateral Duty Safety Officer. The safety officer is responsible for managing the SOH program. The safety officer reports directly to the commanding officer on SOH matters and to the executive officer for the administration of the SOH program. Primary duty safety officers shall be assigned to CV, CVN, LHA, LHD, AS, type ships. Ship and submarine squadrons and groups shall appoint a commissioned officer as the safety officer. On ships without a primary duty safety officer, the commanding officer shall appoint a commissioned officer of department head status and seniority as collateral duty safety officer (hereafter referred to as the safety officer). TYCOMs may grant waivers for small ships with limited officer manning to appoint a chief petty officer as the safety officer. The safety officer shall:

(1) Act as the principal advisor to the commanding officer on shipboard SOH matters.

(2) Oversee ship-wide planning to implement all

elements of the SOH program. (3) Prepare and submit, through the chain of command,

requests for external SOH support such as industrial hygiene surveys, safety surveys, safety assist visits or technical guidance.

(4) Participate in mishap and safety investigations, as

appropriate, per reference A2-7. (5) Ensure timely and accurate recording and reporting

of required mishap reports, per reference A2-7.


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(6) Maintain and analyze SOH records (inspection/assessment reports, injury reports, and mishap statistics) and determine trends.

(7) Ensure that an annual internal safety inspection is

performed. (8) Ensure dissemination of SOH information. (9) Schedule/coordinate required SOH training with the

training officer/planning board for training. Conduct training as appropriate and ensure records of that training are maintained.

(10) Serve as advisor-recorder of the safety council.

Prepare agenda for issuance by the chairperson. (11) Serve as chairperson of the enlisted safety

committee. (12) Ensure, that SOH discrepancies beyond ship's force

capability are properly identified, prioritized, and documented for corrective action.

(13) Complete the Afloat Safety Officer course (A-4J-

0020) or the Submarine Safety Officer course (F-4J-0020), as appropriate, prior to or within six months of assignment.

NOTE:

On ships where an industrial hygiene officer (IHO) is the assistant safety officer, the IHO shall complete the Afloat Safety Officer Course (A-4J-0020) prior to or within six months of assignment. On ships where the safety officer has attended and successfully completed the department head course at Surface Warfare Officer School Command, completion of the Afloat Safety Officer Course is not required as the Department Head Course contains the A-4J-0020 curriculum and is considered its equivalent.

(14) Ensure timely processing and follow-up on safety

hazard reports submitted by crew members.


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(15) Coordinate with the command’s traffic safety coordinator and recreation and off-duty safety (RODS) coordinator to include these programs in the overall SOH program.

(16) On ships where the assigned safety officer or

assistant safety officer is an industrial hygiene officer (IHO):

(a) Maintain and ensure calibration of all industrial hygiene equipment.

(b) Participate in and demonstrate proficiency in

asbestos laboratory quality assurance programs as required by the TYCOM.

(c) Ensure that exposure monitoring for the

command is performed, and provide technical assistance on request to tended units and other afloat units.

(17) Establish web-enabled safety system (WESS) account

on COMNAVSAFECEN website.

d. Ship's Medical Officer/Medical Department Representative. In support of the SOH Program, the ship’s medical officer/medical department representative shall:

(1) Participate in the SOH program (e.g., assist division officers/work-center supervisors by providing occupational health information).

(2) Coordinate external occupational medicine support as

necessary. (3) Initiate injury reports on personnel treated by the

medical department to the commanding officer via the chain of command with a copy to the safety officer for investigation (and a copy to the officer of the deck for entry into the deck log).

(4) Maintain a hard copy or electronic log of work-

related injuries and illnesses for military personnel, according to reference A2-7, with separate logs for on-duty and off-duty personnel, and a separate log for any assigned civilian personnel.


A2-10

(5) Maintain medical surveillance records and coordinate screening exams as advised in the baseline or periodic industrial hygiene surveys. e. Department Heads, Division Officers, and Work-Center Supervisors shall:

(1) Ensure that all assigned workspaces are inspected and maintained free of hazards and are in compliance with applicable SOH standards.

(2) Ensure that all assigned personnel are properly

trained, advised of any associated hazards, are equipped/provided with appropriate protective clothing/equipment, and complete any required medical surveillance screenings.

(3) Take prompt action to abate/correct any identified

deficiency under their control. (4) Integrate safety in all activities consistent with

mission requirements. (5) Ensure that mishaps, hazards, and near-mishaps are

reported to the safety officer. (6) Division officers shall appoint a senior petty

officer (E-5 or above) as the division safety petty officer to assist in the responsibilities outlined above and provide appropriate on board indoctrination to ensure satisfactory performance in the safety field.

Note:

For submarines. Division safety petty officers are not required aboard submarines.

f. Master-at-Arms (MAA) (not applicable to submarines). MAA personnel shall, during routine inspections, identify and report physical hazards that could result in injury to personnel or damage to equipment, and enforce the use of safety devices and protective equipment. g. Division Safety Petty Officers/Aviation Safety Petty Officers (not applicable to submarines). The division safety petty


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officer or aviation safety petty officer (when embarked onboard ship) shall:

(1) Inspect division spaces and submit hazard reports per OPNAV 3120/5, chapter A3.

(2) Advise the division officer on the status of the SOH

program within the division including any safety-related items revealed through maintenance, such as non-compliance with or deficiency in the planned maintenance system(PMS).

(3) Keep the division officer informed of safety training

needs within the division. (4) Conduct division SOH training and ensure documentation

of that training is maintained. (5) Assist in mishap or hazard investigations and provide

recommendations to division officers for correction. (6) Serve on the enlisted safety committee. (7) Perform or supervise the performance of required safety

petty officer maintenance index page (MIP) planned maintenance.

h. Safety Council. The safety council consists of the commanding officer (chairperson), safety officer (recorder), training officer, all department heads, medical officer/representative, a safety representative from each embarked unit (e.g., air wing safety officer, Marine expeditionary unit (MEU) safety officer, explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) detachment), and the ship's command master or senior chief petty officer. The safety council shall meet at least quarterly and develop agendas and action items based on the afloat unit’s scope of operations and hazard or mishap experiences. Safety council meetings may be held in conjunction with other meetings of similar attendance. Minutes of each meeting shall be recorded (electronic or hard copy) and retained by the safety officer, with proof that the commanding officer has reviewed and approved the minutes (initials, signature, or electronic record). Specifically, the safety council:

(1) Reviews statistics compiled by the safety officer from mishap, hazard and inspection reports, safety or health


A2-12

related messages, and related reports from the medical representative.

(2) Establishes mishap prevention goals and plans. (3) Establishes program improvement plans based on

mishap experience, program deficiencies and other information. (4) Reviews issues and recommendations submitted by the

enlisted safety committee. (5) Review compliance with operational risk management

(ORM) implementation in all applicable operations and evolutions. i. Enlisted Safety Committee (not applicable to submarines). The enlisted safety committee consists of the safety officer (senior member), division safety petty officers, a safety representative from each embarked unit (e.g., aviation safety petty officer or Marine safety specialist), and the chief master-at-arms. If desired, the enlisted safety committee may be incorporated into the safety council. The committee meets at least quarterly, and the safety officer shall retain minutes of each meeting (electronic or hard copy). The safety officer shall appoint a recorder. The purpose of the committee is to:

(1) Identify and discuss SOH problems. (2) Discuss interdepartmental safety issues. (3) Submit issues and recommendations in writing to the

safety council by copy of the safety committee minutes. j. All hands shall:

(1) Comply with all safety precautions/standards and use required personal protective equipment.

(2) Promptly report suspected unsafe or unhealthful work

procedures or conditions to their immediate supervisor, the division safety petty officer, or the safety officer.

(3) Report injuries, occupational illnesses, or property damage resulting from a mishap immediately to their supervisor.


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__________________

CHAPTER A2

REFERENCES

A2-1. SECNAVINST 5100.10J A2-2. DoD Instruction 6055.1, DoD Safety and Occupational Health (SOH) Program A2-3. OPNAVINST 3500.39B, Operational Risk Management A2-4. DoD Instruction 6055.5, Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Health, of A2-5. OPNAVINST 5100.12G A2-6. OPNAVINST 5100.25A A2-7. OPNAVINST 5102.1D/MCO P5102.1B


CHAPTER A3

INSPECTIONS, SURVEYS, ASSISTS, HAZARD REPORTING AND MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE

A0301. DISCUSSION a. This chapter addresses hazard identification and detecting adverse health effects. The principle way to identify hazards is through workplace inspections. Workplace inspections involve chain of command observation of operations at the job site on a routine basis to identify potential hazards. Workplace inspections also involve evaluations of ship's spaces and equipment by appropriate occupational safety and health personnel. Industrial hygiene surveys are another essential tool for identifying workplace hazards, characterizing risk and developing appropriate controls to reduce hazards.

b. Hazard identification, risk assessment, and hazard management and control are key steps in the Navy operational risk management (ORM) process outlined in reference A3-1. Navy personnel at all levels are required to use ORM as a decision-making tool by anticipating and assessing hazards (risk) and reducing the potential for mishap. A0302. WORKPLACE INSPECTIONS Routine inspection of all workspaces to identify hazardous conditions and/or unsafe work practices is a basic requirement of the SOH program. Such jobsite work observation is intended to identify and correct hazards. Hazards may be a result of many things, including unsafe work practices, violations of standards of sections C or D of this manual, not posting warning or equipment placards, or not following planned maintenance system (PMS) procedures. Identification of hazard trends may warrant a ship-wide safety inspection as part of a safety stand-down (chapter A5) to raise the command's safety awareness. a. Safety Inspections. The safety officer shall ensure that all workspaces are inspected at least annually, for safety. They shall inspect high hazard areas more frequently based upon an assessment of the potential for injuries, occupational illness or damage to Navy property. An experienced officer or


A3-2

chief petty officer, accompanied by a division safety petty officer (for submarines, a submarine qualified senior petty officer from the division), shall be assigned to accomplish the safety inspection of a workplace. It is not necessary to conduct safety inspections of all work spaces/equipment at one time. "Safety" shall be reviewed at all regularly scheduled zone or ‘division in the spotlight’ inspections required by reference A3-2. These zone inspections will include all aspects of the safety inspection. A copy of the completed deficiency list, such as a zone inspection deficiency list (ZIDL), shall be provided to the safety officer upon completion of the inspection. The safety officer shall retain the inspection results for at least two years, and review and track corrective actions on safety and industrial hygiene deficiencies as specified in paragraph A0404. b. Master-at-Arms Force Inspections (not applicable to submarines). The master-at-arms (MAA) force shall act as roving safety inspectors during their normal tours of the command. They shall be alert to any deficiencies or hazards which could result in injury to personnel or damage to equipment. The MAA force shall assist the safety officer in keeping the SOH program visible to all hands and enforcing safety. The MAA force shall attempt to have any observed deficiency or hazard, or failure to use safety devices and protective equipment, corrected "on the spot." If this is not possible, the ship’s force MAA will report the deficiency on a safety hazard report (OPNAV 3120/5) available on-line at https://forms.daps.dla.mil. c. Oversight Inspections. SOH and environmental protection (EP) inspections are conducted by the Board of Inspection and Survey (INSURV) during final contract trials (FCTs) and regularly scheduled (4-5 years) material inspections (MI). In addition to the SOH elements of this instruction, additional items inspected during these MIs or FCTs are identified in the traffic safety program, reference A3-3, recreation/off-duty safety program, reference A3-4, and in the INSURV inspection instructions, references A3-5 or A3-6. Copies of all SOH-related discrepancy results from these inspections shall be routed to the safety officer to ensure that identified safety hazards are documented, and tracked to correction. Checklists are available at: http://www.spawar.navy.mil/fleet/insurv.

http://www.spawar.navy.mil/fleet/insurv


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A0303. SELF ASSESSMENTS Self-assessments of all safety programs applicable to the afloat unit will be conducted at least annually as part of the annual workplace safety inspection. These may be conducted as a single project or staggered throughout the year. Copies of the self-assessment results, hard copy or electronic, will be retained by the safety officer for at least two years. The safety officer will advise the safety council and safety committee, as applicable, of the results of these self-assessments and status of any corrective actions. Checklists are available at http://www.safetycenter.navy.mil/afloat/checklists, at the end of each applicable topic chapter, or developed and customized by the afloat unit, as a self-assessment tool.

A0304. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE SURVEYS

a. Navy industrial hygiene personnel anticipate, recognize, evaluate, and make recommendations to control unacceptable workplace exposures. Exposure assessment of Navy workplaces requires a sound, logical strategy and shall be based on references A3-7 and A3-8. The purpose of such a strategy is to accomplish at least four goals:

(1) To assess potential health risks faced by Navy personnel by understanding their exposures, to differentiate between acceptable and unacceptable exposures, and to control unacceptable exposures.

(2) To establish and document a historical record of

exposure levels for Navy personnel and to communicate exposure monitoring results.

(3) To ensure and demonstrate compliance with safety

and health exposure criteria. (4) To provide a base for medical surveillance

examinations. b. The occupational exposure assessment strategy is the plan for recognizing, evaluating, and documenting all exposures, and for developing controls for occupational exposures that are judged unacceptable. There are five major steps in setting up a functioning occupational exposure assessment program:

http://www.safetycenter.navy.mil/afloat/checklists


A3-4

(1) Basic characterization; (2) Exposure assessment; (3) Further information gathering; (4) Communications and documentation; (5) Reassessment.

c. Chief, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (BUMED), shall provide all afloat activities with a current, thorough occupational exposure assessment of each workplace according to reference A3-7. BUMED activities shall routinely update the exposure assessment. The following subparagraphs outline the basic requirements for occupational exposure assessment.

(1) Basic Characterization of the Workplace (Walk-through Survey). The first step in the Navy’s exposure assessment strategy is to characterize the workplace, workforce and environmental agents. The cognizant industrial hygienist (IH) shall conduct a survey of each workplace to obtain, as a minimum, the following information:

(a) Descriptions of operations, tasks and work practices that take place in the workplace (e.g., welding, spray painting). The description shall include a layout sketch incorporating relevant aspects of the factors listed below, along with the number of persons assigned to the operation/task and the specific work area(s) occupied. The IH shall note the frequency and duration of events taking place within the workplace.

(b) A list of hazardous materials (HM) used in the workplace that present significant risk. The list shall include a description of use at each workplace. Reproductive hazards and carcinogens shall be specifically identified.

NOTE:

IHs shall have access to a copy of the authorized use list for the workplaces being surveyed.


A3-5

(c) A list of physical hazards (e.g., noise, ergonomic stressors, non-ionizing radiation) in the workplace that present significant risk including a brief description of their source(s).

(d) A description of existing controls (e.g.,

industrial ventilation and personal protective equipment).

(2) Exposure assessment. The BUMED IH will assess exposures using all the information available. The outcomes include: groupings of workers having similar exposures, definition of an exposure profile for each similarly exposed group and judgments about the acceptability of each exposure profile. The BUMED IH shall make appropriate control strategy recommendations regarding the workplace, workforce, and environmental agents based on the results of the exposure assessments by using accepted industrial hygiene practices, which comply with appropriate regulatory requirements.

(3) Further information gathering. Exposure profiles

that are not well understood, or for which acceptability judgments cannot be made with high confidence must be further characterized by collecting additional information. Information needs may be quantitative or qualitative depending on the exposure profile and judgment.

(4) Quantitative Exposure Monitoring. Monitoring the workplace for toxic substances and/or harmful physical agents is the primary means of assessing:

(a) Personnel exposures. (b) The need to control exposures. (c) The effectiveness of measures directed at

reducing or eliminating health hazards. An IH shall accomplish these assessments using data gathered from representative sampling programs in the workplace. Analysis and interpretation of the data from this sampling assists in the timely assessment of hazards, in making recommendations for changes to existing conditions, and in determining requirements for the medical surveillance of exposed personnel.


A3-6

(5) Qualitative Exposure Decisions. Examples may include exposure modeling, biological monitoring or determining an appropriate occupational exposure level. The IH shall determine the appropriate information needed, gather it, and evaluate it so that an acceptable or unacceptable exposure assessment is reached and appropriate controls and recommendations can be implemented.

(6) Communications and Documentation. Exposure assessment reports and records are critical elements of the exposure assessment process. Reports and records are needed to ensure effective communication of workplace findings and successful continuity of the industrial hygiene program.

d. Baseline Industrial Hygiene Surveys. Each ship and submarine shall arrange for a baseline industrial hygiene survey. This survey may be scheduled and obtained through the supporting Navy Environmental and Preventive Medicine Unit (NAVENPVNTMEDU) or Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (BUMED) medical treatment facility (MTF). The survey will consist of the following elements: (1) A detailed hazard evaluation of all operations which present a potential for exposure to hazardous chemicals and/or harmful ergonomic, physical (e.g., noise, heat stress) or biological agents.

(2) When sampling is warranted to quantitatively characterize

workplace exposures, collect samples per reference A3-8. Navy occupational exposure limits (OELs) and Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limits (PELs) will be determined using chapter 16 of reference A3-7. Reference A3-9 provides requirements for submarine atmosphere sampling and guidance for submarine unique PELSs. The survey shall include a list of exposures that require routine monitoring (e.g., exposure monitoring plan).

(3) An assessment of the effectiveness of general and

local exhaust ventilation systems used for the control of contaminants, flammable storerooms, and hazardous material storerooms. Ventilation systems require routine evaluation and shall be included in the exposure monitoring plan.


A3-7

(4) Findings (e.g., ventilation system deficiencies) which can be used as additional justification for inclusion of material issues on the ships consolidated ship maintenance project (CSMP).

(5) Recommendations for personal protective equipment,

respiratory protection, emergency equipment (eyewash stations and deluge showers), posting of hazards, and actions on specific survey results (noise, air sampling, etc.), including:

(a) A list of noise hazardous areas/equipment (b) A list of eye hazardous areas/processes and

recommended emergency eyewash and deluge shower locations (c) A list of each area/process requiring respiratory

protection and the recommended type(s) (6) Medical surveillance requirements.

e. An update of the baseline industrial hygiene survey is necessary as system, equipment, or loadout changes significantly affect the on-board hazard and/or risk. Deterioration of existing controls, modifications and additions to shipboard processes and equipment will occur over time. An update of the industrial hygiene survey is required at least every two years to address all changes that may have occurred. A more limited survey to address specific concerns is available at the discretion of the commanding officer. Examples of changes that could significantly affect the on-board hazard and/or risk are as follows:

(1) New or modified equipment or processes.

(2) Introduction of new hazardous chemicals and/or harmful

physical or biological agents. (3) Deterioration of existing controls (e.g., ventilation)

which degrade over time. Some of these changes would be the expected result of a shipyard availability period and commanding officers may consider requesting industrial hygiene assistance from their supporting NAVENPVNMEDU or MTF following a major availability.


A3-8

For submarines, detailed atmosphere sampling, per reference A3-9, is required at the completion of a major shipyard availability or prior to post scheduled availability (PSA) to demonstrate that there are no built in contaminants as a result of construction activities and proper functioning of the atmosphere control system. f. New construction. On new construction ships, industrial hygiene services are necessary prior to final contract trials (FCTs). This will assist the ship in correcting any deficient material conditions that may arise due to potential deviation by the builder from contract specifications. At a minimum, the supporting NAVENPVNTMEDU or MTF will perform the following services prior to the end of FCTs, and provide the ship a list of safety and health related material discrepancies and recommended corrective actions:

(1) An evaluation of ventilation systems used for the control of contaminants and for hazardous material (HM) stowage.

(2) An evaluation of occupational noise hazard

areas/installed equipment (this is in addition to any ambient noise surveys conducted by the shipbuilder).

(3) An evaluation of the locations of plumbed and portable

eyewash stations and deluge showers.

Initiate the baseline industrial hygiene survey for new construction ships as soon as possible after commissioning. Ships shall be in receipt of the completed survey report no later than six months after post shakedown availability. g. Ship Class Database: The supporting NAVENPVNTMEDU or MTF will forward a copy of all industrial hygiene reports to the Navy Environmental Health Center for the purpose of updating the ship class profile. BUMED shall provide ship class profiles to new construction ships prior to FCTs. This is a generic database that characterizes shipboard hazards and control measures common to that class. A0305. SHIPBOARD SAFETY SURVEY

a. Naval Safety Center conducts the shipboard safety survey of one or two day's duration. The interval between surveys,


A3-9

surface ships and submarines, shall not exceed 36 months. The safety survey normally will be conducted during the Fleet Readiness Training Program (FRTP). The ship’s immediate superior in command (ISIC) will allocate time early in the ship’s FRTP so the commanding officer can use the safety survey results in deployment preparations. For two-crew submarines (e.g., SSBNs), the survey should be conducted during a refit/major maintenance period when both crews are on-board.

b. The shipboard safety survey includes training and a survey of a representative sample of the entire ship, identifying safety hazards, training safety officers and safety petty officers, and providing the commanding officer with an evaluation of the safety status of the command. The survey is intended to promote operational risk management as the primary tool in preventing mishaps and reducing the risks inherent to the operational Navy. The survey report shall be provided to the ship, including a relative standing for safety performance among the ship class. Within 30 days of the completion of the survey, commanding officers shall provide their ISIC, in writing, the status of the significant discrepancies identified during the survey and indicate those that have been corrected, those on the CSMP (including job sequence number (JSN)), and those beyond capability of the command to correct without outside assistance. To arrange a survey, contact the Naval Safety Center, Afloat Directorate, at [email protected], or by naval message. A0306. HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT ASSIST Ships needing assistance for implementation, day-to-day operations, or equipment problems with their hazardous materials minimization centers (HAZMINCENs) may request an assist from the logistics support center (LSC) at the local fleet industrial supply center (FISC). A0307. HAZARD REPORTING BY INDIVIDUAL CREWMEMBERS Detection of unsafe or unhealthful working conditions at the earliest possible time and prompt control of hazards identified as a result is essential to a successful SOH program. The following procedure enables any member to submit a report of unsafe or unhealthful conditions:

[email protected]


A3-10

a. All hands are encouraged to orally report unsafe or unhealthful working conditions to their immediate supervisor. That supervisor shall promptly evaluate the situation and take appropriate corrective actions. Supervisors will contact the division safety petty officer, the division officer, or the safety officer for assistance, if necessary. Inform the reporting crewmember of all actions taken.

b. If the notified supervisor has not taken action to investigate the situation or if they are not satisfied with the result, they may submit a written report of an unsafe or unhealthful working condition on a safety hazard report (OPNAV 3120/5, available on-line at https://forms.daps.dla.mil). The report may be handwritten and should simply state the nature of the condition and its location. If the originator desires that his or her name not be revealed, this should be so stated in the report. c. Upon receipt of a report, the safety officer shall contact the originator to acknowledge receipt and discuss the seriousness of the reported condition. The safety officer shall advise the cognizant division officer that an unsafe/unhealthful working condition has been reported. d. The safety officer will evaluate all submitted reports. Alleged critical danger situations will be evaluated immediately. If possible, potentially serious or moderate situations shall be evaluated within three days (see paragraph A0404 for descriptions of critical, serious, or moderate hazards or deficiencies). If necessary, the safety officer may request assistance from support activities for the evaluation. e. Provide an interim or final response in writing to the originator of the reported condition under the authority of the safety officer within 10 working days of report receipt. Interim responses will include the expected date for a final response. If the evaluation identifies a hazard and its causative deficiency, the final response shall include a summary of the action taken for abatement of the deficiency. If no significant hazard is found to exist, the reply shall include the basis for that determination. f. The final response shall encourage the originator to contact the safety officer if he or she desires additional


A3-11

information or is dissatisfied with the response. If the originator remains dissatisfied after discussing the matter, the safety officer shall advise him or her of the right to appeal to the commanding officer. The appeal (or report) shall be in writing and contain, at least, the following information:

(1) A description of the condition including its location, nature of the alleged hazard, and standards violated (if known) (a copy of the original hazard report will suffice).

(2) How, when, and to whom the original report was submitted.

(3) What actions (if known) were taken as a result of the original report. g. The commanding officer, or his/her representative, shall respond to the originator of the appeal within 10 working days. An interim response will suffice if the evaluation is incomplete at that time. If further appeal is warranted, refer to reference A3-2. A0308. VARIANCES AND ALTERNATE STANDARDS a. Variances. In certain situations, it may be impossible to comply with an applicable SOH standard. In this case, the safety officer can initiate a request for a variance by submitting the request to CNO (N09F) via the appropriate fleet commander and the chain of command. Variance requests shall explain why compliance is impossible and describe actions taken to achieve the maximum degree of protection possible.

b. Alternate Standards. In certain cases, it may be possible to achieve equal or better protection through the application of procedures/criteria different than those specified by a SOH standard. Submit proposed alternate standards to CNO (N09F) through the chain of command for approval.


A3-12

A0309. FEDERAL AND STATE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (OSH) INSPECTIONS OF NAVY, CIVILIAN, OR CONTRACTOR WORKPLACES ON BOARD NAVY SHIPS This section provides guidance and procedures regarding requests by Federal or state OSH officials to inspect or investigate Navy civilian or contractor workplaces on board Navy ships in port or located at associated facilities (e.g., industrial activities). a. Subject to the conditions and exceptions stated below, Navy afloat activities are advised that permission is granted for Federal OSHA compliance officials to be taken aboard U.S. Navy ships in port to conduct safety and health inspections and investigations of Navy civilian and contractor workplaces. State occupational safety and health officials shall not be granted access aboard naval ships and service craft or in areas of exclusive federal jurisdiction. A summary of inspector access is provided in appendix A3-B. (1) Except for the limitations imposed in paragraphs A0309a(2) and (3), provide OSHA compliance officials, upon request, immediate access to Navy civilian or contractor workplaces where the Navy repair activity or contractor has equipment or other work-related material or paraphernalia in the workplace under government work or a government contract. Forward requests for access to inspect those workplaces where Navy civilian or contractor employees have worked or will work but where the work force is no longer deployed, or has yet to deploy any work-related material or paraphernalia, by message and by telephone to the CNO (N09F), copy to Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command (COMNAVSEASYSCOM) (copy to the Navy repair activity for Navy civilian workers), with information to the chain of command. All message requests shall identify the workplace involved and furnish all immediately available details. A reply to such requests will be forthcoming without delay. (2) If the requested inspection/investigation involves handling or storage of ammunition or explosives, deny the request for access. Report any such request to the CNO (N09F), information to the chain of command (and for Navy civilians, to the Navy repair activity), by message.

(3) With respect to nuclear propulsion plant spaces on nuclear-powered ships, to related nuclear shipyard facilities,


A3-13

ashore or afloat, shipboard nuclear support facilities, or to nuclear weapons areas, forward the request for access by message and by telephone to CNO (N09F) with copies to COMNAVSEASYSCOM (SEA-08) and the chain of command. All message requests shall identify the workplace involved and furnish all other immediately available details. Withhold access pending receipt of the reply and, where granted, shall be subject to the requirements of this chapter and any conditions imposed in the CNO reply. CNO will furnish such a reply expeditiously, and, if possible, within three working hours from receipt of the request by the CNO.

(4) In cases of non-nuclear ships or nuclear ships, with the exceptions in paragraphs A0309(a)(2) and (3), and under the procedures of paragraph A0309(a)(1), access to Navy civilian and contractor workplaces, as defined above, grant upon request to Federal OSHA compliance officials to conduct inspections and investigations of such workplaces within reasonable limits and in a reasonable manner during regular working hours except when other times are mutually agreed upon by the concerned officials. (5) Photographs by OSHA officials shall not be taken. Any photographs requested by OSHA officials shall be taken by Navy personnel, shall be tentatively classified CONFIDENTIAL, and shall not be delivered to OSHA compliance officials until all film, negatives, and photographs have been sent to COMNAVSEASYSCOM (SEA 00D2) and fully screened and censored, as appropriate, in the interest of national security. Also, forward any design or system performance data (e.g., recordings of noise sound level profiles and light level readings) to COMNAVSEASYSCOM (SEA 00D2) for screening as described above prior to release. This process shall normally be completed within a period of 15 working days from receipt of material by NAVSEASYSCOM. (6) OSHA officials shall not be given copies of any federal records or reports. If access to Navy records or reports is requested by OSHA officials, forward the request to the appropriate releasing official(s). (7) In addition to presenting appropriate identification credentials, all OSHA compliance officials shall be required to possess appropriate security clearance for entry into areas where the workplace is located.


A3-14

(8) Representatives of the ship's commanding officer, and, if appropriate, the activity contracting officer and the commanding officer or officer in charge of the shore activity at which the ship is located, and the commanding officer of the Navy repair activity (for Navy civilian employees) shall accompany the OSHA compliance official at all times during this physical inspection of Navy civilian or contractor workplaces. A representative of the contractor and a representative of the employees may accompany the OSHA compliance official during the inspection/investigation provided proper security clearances are verified. If there is no authorized employee representative, the OSHA compliance official is authorized to consult with a reasonable number of employees only (contractor or Navy civilian), concerning matters of health and safety in the pertinent workplace. (9) OSHA compliance officials are authorized to question privately the contractor, contractor employee, Navy civilian employee, or their authorized representatives. b. Unless specifically requested by the responsible OSHA official, commanders and ship commanding officers shall not provide contractors with advance notice of OSHA inspections except in cases of apparent imminent danger to Navy or contractor employees. Any person who violates the foregoing is subject to a fine of not more than $1,000 or to imprisonment of not more than six months, or both. c. Report in writing to the CNO full information regarding any OSHA inspection/investigation aboard ship with a copy to COMNAVSEASYSCOM and the chain of command. A0310. MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE a. Purpose. The medical surveillance program is designed to monitor the continuance of the health of individuals in the fleet and serve the following purposes: (1) Job certification/recertification to determine an individual's fitness to begin or continue to perform a job safely and effectively.


A3-15

(2) To monitor the effectiveness of major hazard-specific (e.g., noise, heat, asbestos) programs by following the health status of exposed personnel. (3) Secondary prevention to detect early indicators of excessive exposure caused by the work environment before actual illness, disease, or injury occurs and to allow for the timely implementation of corrective actions to prevent any long-term adverse effects. (4) To comply with the requirements of certain SOH standards as noted in section B of this manual. b. Selection of personnel. Selection of personnel for medical surveillance examinations is based primarily on the results of industrial hygiene surveys. Selection for some medical surveillance programs may be based on a history of past exposure to certain hazardous materials such as asbestos and cadmium. The medical department representative (MDR), using the recommended medical surveillance requirements from the industrial hygiene survey and assisted by the safety officer, division officer, division safety petty officer and workplace supervisor, will identify personnel who require medical surveillance following the guidance of enclosure (1) to reference A3-10. Periodic occupational medical examinations should be scheduled on a birth-month basis or as operational requirements permit. When there is no Navy standard for medical surveillance for a specific agent, personnel shall be placed under medical surveillance when the action level (1/2 of the permissible exposure limit) of the agent is exceeded and the exposure exceeds 30 days per year or 10 days per quarter. Detailed requirements for these examinations shall be established by the Chief, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (CHBUMED). c. Medical Examinations. The ship's MDR shall make all arrangements for required medical examinations. These examinations include baseline (pre-placement), periodic, termination, certification, and special examinations as required by section B of this manual. The scope of these examinations will be determined by reference A3-10. The MDR will provide all available information regarding each individual's exposure to allow the cognizant shore-based medical treatment facility (MTF),


A3-16

squadron medical officer, or the ship's medical department, if resources permit, to perform the proper examination. d. Evaluation of Results. The MDR shall monitor all medical surveillance results for any trends apparently due to hazard exposure. e. Medical Records. Maintenance, retention, and disposition of personnel medical records shall be per existing directives. The MDR shall ensure that the results of all hazard exposure medical examinations and personal exposure records are entered into each individual's medical record. The MDR shall also inform each individual, verbally or in writing, as to the significance of all findings, and provide access to such records upon request. For submarines, exceedance of the continuance exposure limit (CEL) as defined by reference A3-9 shall be recorded in effected crew members’ medical records. Recorded information shall include time, date, contaminants, concentration, duration of CEL exceedance, and any pertinent information as to the nature of the cause.

CHAPTER A3

REFERENCES

A3-1. OPNAVINST 3500.39C A3-2. OPNAVINST 3120.32C A3-3. OPNAVINST 5100.12H A3-4. OPNAVINST 5100.25A

A3-5. INSURVINST 4730.1E, Trials and Inspections of Surface Ships, of date A3-6. INSURVINST 4730.2E, Trials and Inspections of Submarines, of date A3-7. OPNAVINST 5100.23G


A3-17

A3-8. NEHC Technical Manual TM 6290.91-2, Industrial Hygiene Field Operations Manual, latest revision (NOTAL) A3-9. NAVSEA S9510-AB-ATM-010/(U), Nuclear Powered Submarine Atmosphere Control Manual, of date A3-10. NEHC Technical Manual TM OM-6260, Medical Surveillance Procedures Manual and Medical Matrix (NOTAL), of date


Appendix A3-A

Inspection of Department of the Navy Workplaces by Federal and State OSH Representatives

AFLOAT

Contractor Workplaces

Civilian Workplaces

Exclusively Military Workplaces

FEDERAL OSH REPRESENTATIVES

YES 1,2,3

YES 1,2,3

NO

STATE OSH REPRESENTATIVES

NO

NO

NO

NOTES: 1. Ships or service craft must be in port; Navy Department will not transport Federal OSHA representatives to ships or service craft that are underway.

2. Federal and state OSH representatives have no jurisdiction over military unique operations or equipment. In addition, these officials are not authorized to inspect workplaces or operations for compliance with any standard implementing 10 U.S.C. 172 (explosive safety) or 42 U.S.C. section, 2012, 2021, or 2022 (nuclear safety).

3. Inspections may be announced or unannounced.


CHAPTER A4

HAZARD CONTROL AND DEFICIENCY ABATEMENT A0401. DISCUSSION There are three methods of controlling hazards. The first, and preferred, is to prevent the hazard at the design and acquisition stages. The second is to identify and eliminate existing hazards. The third is to reduce the likelihood and severity of mishaps from hazards that cannot be eliminated. A0402. HAZARD PREVENTION Hazards may be prevented or mitigated during the design and acquisition/alteration processes. Many effective actions that should be taken to improve safety at those planning and design stages include designing safety improvements, conducting system safety activities (per MIL-STD-882 – Standard Practice for System Safety), holding design reviews, and developing operating, purchasing, maintenance, and logistical procedures. Such activities are primarily the responsibility of the appropriate Systems Command (SYSCOM), with design input from TYCOMs and others [life cycle engineering manager (LCEM), ship program manager (SPM), fleets]. Since up front activities like these are beyond ship’s force, only those actions which can be taken at the shipboard level to prevent or eliminate hazards will be addressed in this chapter. a. Preventive Maintenance. Some hazards arise as the result of an inadequate preventive maintenance program. An effective shipboard preventive maintenance program can keep equipment and material from degrading to the point where it becomes an operational hazard. b. Operating Procedures. Standard operating procedures (SOPs), instructions, or similar directives that are issued to identify the manner in which work is to be performed can prevent hazards from occurring. Obvious examples include tank cleaning, foul weather operations, and asbestos removal. Personnel must be familiar with the appropriate SOPs and current updates applicable to their duties.


A4-2

c. Operational Risk Management (ORM). ORM is the process of identifying, assessing and controlling risks. The systematic ORM process, discussed in reference A4-1, is applicable to all missions and environments and shall be used in the shipboard environment to identify hazards and mitigate risk. ORM shall be applied not only to operational missions, but at the deck plate level for day-to-day work unit operations as well. d. Purchasing Procedures. Afloat units procuring material and equipment at the local/unit level can prevent hazards by purchasing approved material or equipment in the proper quantity (i.e., that which can reasonably be expected to be used to accomplish the operation or task for which it was procured). Procurement of unauthorized, or excess, material or equipment can introduce hazards to the workplace, as well as create stowage and disposal problems. Hazardous material is of special concern. All local purchases of potentially hazardous material shall be accomplished per paragraph B0305 of this instruction. Note: If ordering items through a catalog, ensure you verify the item and national stock number (NSN) are authorized as required by chapters C23 and D15. A0403. PRINCIPLES OF HAZARD CONTROL Short of complete elimination of the hazard, methods of hazard control, in order of preferred application, are substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and use of personal protective equipment. a. Substitution. The risk of injury or illness may be reduced by replacement of an existing process, material, or equipment with a similar item having a lower hazard potential. Care must be exercised in any substitution to ensure that the substitute materials are technically acceptable and that a new hazard is not being introduced. COMNAVSEASYSCOM/COMNAVAIRSYSCOM should be contacted for substitution approval. To propose a substitution for a material, tool, or procedure called for on a maintenance requirement card (MRC), submit a PMS feedback report (FBR) per reference A4-2. b. Engineering Controls. This means of hazard control is accomplished primarily through design and advanced planning. Whenever these methods are used, the cognizant safety officer or


A4-3

industrial hygienist should approve these methods prior to implementation. Examples of engineering control methods include isolation and ventilation. (1) Isolation. Isolation is the physical separation of a hazard from personnel to eliminate or minimize contact or exposure. This involves the use of a barrier or limiter and may be in the form of a physical barrier, use of semi-automatic equipment that does not require constant attendance (time-separation), or distance. Examples include machine guards, electrical insulation, sound barriers, and remote controlled equipment. (2) Ventilation. This is the control of potentially hazardous airborne substances through the movement of air. Two methods are "general ventilation" or "dilution ventilation" and "local exhaust ventilation." General ventilation is the dilution of an airborne substance by mixing it with quantities of uncontaminated air. Local exhaust ventilation is the removal of an airborne substance at its source or point of generation. Local exhaust ventilation is the preferred and more economical method. The use of general ventilation should be limited to the control of heat/humidity or low toxicity materials if no other ventilation is possible. Ventilation requirements for airborne substance control must be determined through an industrial hygiene survey. c. Administrative Control. This method of abatement employs special operating procedures to reduce the exposure of individuals to hazards. Examples include limiting access to high hazard areas or adjusted work schedules. Adjusted work schedules are appropriate only when the hazard is recognized as having a limit below which all personnel may be repeatedly exposed without adverse effect. The amount of time by which a limit may be exceeded for short periods without injury depends on several factors such as the nature of the hazard, whether or not the effects are cumulative, the frequency with which the hazard occurs, and the duration of the hazard. All factors must be taken into consideration in determining whether a hazardous condition exists and whether or not exposures above the limit are permitted. Do not allow exposures above established limits without the commanding officer's approval.


A4-4

d. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). This method of hazard control is the least preferred because any equipment breakdown, failure, or misuse immediately exposes the wearer to the hazard. Nevertheless, there are instances where adequate risk mitigation cannot be achieved through other methods and personal protective devices must be used, either alone or in conjunction with other control measures. Training, maintenance of PPE, and user acceptance are key to the successful use of PPE to protect personnel. Chapter B12 of this manual discusses personal protective equipment in general. Other chapters describe personal protective equipment requirements for specific programs and hazards. A0404. HAZARD ABATEMENT PROGRAM PROCEDURES The hazard abatement program is a process by which identified hazards that are not able to be immediately corrected are recorded and tracked to completion. Hazards are tracked until verified as corrected or eliminated. Some hazards may be corrected by ship’s force, while others may require documentation to ensure they are noted for correction during availabilities or maintenance periods. a. Some deficiencies can be corrected "on the spot." When this is possible, the division officer will either notify the safety officer or complete the applicable portion of the Safety Hazard Report and return it to the safety officer via the appropriate department head. This documentation is useful in the identification of similar hazards and trends.

b. Shipboard hazards that cannot be corrected "on the spot" shall be documented in the work-center deficiency log (WCDL)/job sequence number (JSN) log per reference A4-1, if applicable. The ship's 3M Coordinator shall forward any on-board maintenance management system - next generation (OMMS NG) safety hazard entries to the safety officer for review. c. The safety officer shall provide the results of workplace inspections, industrial hygiene surveys, and Safety Hazard Reports (OPNAV 3120/5) to the division officer in charge of the operation/space evaluated. Upon receipt of this report, the division officer shall take prompt action to ensure correction of each identified deficiency.


A4-5

NOTE: When cases of imminent danger are identified, the senior

person on the scene must be notified and must stop all work immediately except in an operational emergency. Notify the commanding officer of the situation, and take action as soon as possible. Imminent danger is defined as a shipboard condition that immediately threatens the loss of life, bodily injury, or illness to personnel.

d. The safety officer shall retain or maintain

documentation of those hazards identified through inspections, surveys, or as reported by individuals. A log, notebook, electronic spreadsheet, or other means may be used as documentation of hazards awaiting correction or resolution. For each hazard documented, the safety officer shall assign a risk assessment code (RAC). Documentation for hazards shall consist of the following, at a minimum:

(1) Date, time, location, and description of hazard. (2) Risk assessment code (RAC). (3) Recommended corrective action to control or

eliminate hazard. (4) Action taken to implement that correction (e.g.,

who was notified, submitted a 4790/2K, when scheduled for availability, etc.)

(5) Verification and date hazard corrected/eliminated.

e. External Hazard Reports (HAZREPs). In some instances, where it would be helpful or prudent to notify others outside of the command of the hazard, the safety officer should complete a hazard report, using the web-enabled safety system (WESS), per reference A4-3. f. Risk Assessment. The safety officer shall assign a RAC to each identified hazard that cannot be corrected immediately. The RAC provides a measure of the degree of risk associated with a deficiency by combining both the severity of the hazard and the mishap probability. The RAC provides a priority for the correction of deficiencies. The RAC is derived as follows:


A4-6

(1) Hazard Severity. The hazard severity is an assessment of the worst reasonably expected consequence, defined by degree of injury, illness, or physical damage which is likely to occur as a result of the hazard. Hazard severity categories are assigned Roman numerals according to the following criteria:

Description Category Results

CATASTROPHIC I The hazard may cause death, loss of facility/asset or result in grave damage to national interests.

CRITICAL II The hazard may cause severe injury, illness, property damage, damage to national or service interests or degradation to efficient use of assets.

MARGINAL III The hazard may cause minor injury, illness, property damage, damage to national, service or command interests or degradation to efficient use of assets.

NEGLIGIBLE IV The hazard presents a minimal threat to personnel safety or health property, national, service or command interests or efficient use of assets.

(2) Mishap Probability. The mishap probability is the likelihood that a hazard will result in a mishap, based on an assessment of such factors as location, exposure in terms of cycles or hours of operation, and affected population. Mishap probability is assigned a letter according to the following criteria:


A4-7

Subcategory Description A Likely to occur immediately or in a short

period of time. B Probably will occur in time. C May occur in time. D Unlikely to occur. (3) Risk Assessment Code (RAC). To derive the RAC from the elements of hazard severity and mishap probability, use the matrix shown below. The RAC is expressed as a single Arabic number (1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) that can be used to help determine hazard abatement priorities. Mishap Probability ______________________________________ A B C D ______________________________________ I 1 1 2 3 Hazard Severity II 1 2 3 4 III 2 3 4 5 IV 3 4 5 5 Code Description 1. Critical Safety or Health Deficiency — Correct as Soon as

Possible This is a deficiency which presents a critical safety hazard to personnel or machinery or health hazard to personnel which must be corrected immediately. This code is to be used for items such as electric shock hazards, inoperative interlock or safety devices, missing or damaged lifelines, inoperable escape scuttles, a leaking refrigerant system into a confined space, leaking component containing PCBs, and the like. All efforts must


A4-8

be exerted to correct these items prior to any other maintenance deficiencies. Suspension of use of equipment/system/space is mandatory.

2. Serious Safety or Health Deficiency – Suspension of

Equipment/System/Space Use is Required These items deal with serious safety hazards to personnel or machinery or health hazards which must be corrected prior to resuming use of equipment/system/space.

3. Moderate Safety or Health Deficiency -Waiver of

Equipment/System/Space Use is Granted Pending Correction of the Item

This category is to be used in cases where the equipment/ system/space can be operated or utilized in a satisfactory manner without greatly risking personal injury, serious damage to the equipment/system/space, or greatly risking personal health.

4. Minor Safety or Health Deficiency This is a category of safety or health deficiency that

should be corrected when resources become available, but use of equipment/system/space is unrestricted.

5. Negligible Safety or Health Deficiency This category is used to identify those deficiencies that

are noted for record purposes and may be corrected when other work is accomplished on the equipment/system/space.

A0405. INTERIM CONTROLS a. As soon as it is recognized that immediate correction of workplace deficiencies is not possible, establish and document appropriate interim controls on the safety hazard report. Interim controls may consist of physical barriers, written instructions, word passed over the 1 multi-channel (1MC), warning signs, or other measures as deemed appropriate. Interim controls shall meet or exceed minimum necessary requirements to prevent future damage to equipment or injury/death to personnel. The safety officer shall approve interim controls in effect more than 60 days. b. Notify the commanding officer if an unabated deficiency is classified as critical or serious (RAC 1 or 2), and determine


A4-9

who will personally approve interim protective measures. The appropriate department head shall approve interim controls for other unabated deficiencies.

CHAPTER A4

REFERENCES A4-1. OPNAVINST 3500.39B A4-2. OPNAVINST 4790.4D A4-3. OPNAVINST 5102.1D/MCO P5102.1B


CHAPTER A5

TRAINING A0501. DISCUSSION a. Safety and occupational health (SOH) training is an integral part of operational risk management (see reference A5-1). References A5-2 through A5-4 reflect federal standards that require all safety managers, supervisors, and workers to be trained in safety program requirements and responsibilities, safety standards, recognition of hazards, and the safety hazard reporting process. b. SOH training policy and requirements of this manual are implemented by the Navy safety and occupational health Navy training systems plan (NTSP S-40-8603E) (NOTAL). The ship’s training officer, safety officer and divisional safety petty officers (leading petty officers for submarines) are responsible for implementing afloat safety training requirements. A0502. SOH TRAINING FOR SHIPBOARD DUTIES AND PROGRAMS a. Training consists of detailed courses regarding specific duties involved with supervising SOH Programs. The following training is available for ship and submarine safety officers and divisional safety petty officers, either as classroom courses, video tele-training (VTT) courses, computer-based training (CBT) or through Navy knowledge on-line (NKO). Specific information may be found at: http://www.safetycenter.navy.mil/training. (1) Afloat Safety Officer Course (A-4J-0020). This course is imbedded into the Department Head Course at Surface Warfare Officer School (SWOS), Newport, and is exported as a classroom course to major fleet centers. It trains officers in safety duties aboard Navy surface ships and includes instruction in the procedures for establishing and maintaining an effective ship's safety organization. (2) Safety Programs Afloat Course (A-493-2099). This course is offered by the NAVOSH and Environmental Training Center (NAVOSHENVTRACEN). This course provides surface ship supervisory personnel, E-5 through E-9, assigned as divisional

http://www.safetycenter.navy.mil/training


A5-2

safety petty officers or safety supervisors, with the basic knowledge and skills required to carry out their duties. It also identifies responsibilities per this instruction and other applicable safety requirements. The Naval Safety Supervisor Course (NAVEDTRA 14167) is a pre-requisite. (3) Submarine Safety Officer Course (F-4J-0020). This course is taught by the NAVOSHENVTRACEN and provides submarine-qualified commissioned officers, chief petty officers, and selected first class petty officers who have been assigned as collateral duty safety officers aboard submarines, with the training to develop and maintain an effective submarine safety program b. Hazardous Material Control and Management Technician (HMC&M) Course (A-322-2600 or A-322-2601). This course is taught by the NAVOSHENVTRACEN. It provides afloat and shore military HMC&M Technicians with the training required to safely handle, use, store, dispose, transfer and offload hazardous material (HM)/hazardous waste (HW). Successful completion of this course confers the secondary Navy enlisted classification (SNEC) code 9595. Ships manning documents specify the require-ments for personnel holding this SNEC.

c. Appendix A5-A provides a list of Navy educational courses related to safety and occupational health. Appendix A5-B is a listing of safety and occupational health courses taught at the Navy Environmental and Preventive Medicine Units (NAVENVPVNTMEDUs). The command's training officer should be consulted for course location, eligibility requirements, and schedules. Course descriptions and other information are available at www.safetycenter.navy.mil/training. A0503. SOH TRAINING REQUIREMENTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES a. Ship safety officers shall attend the Afloat Safety Officer course, and submarine safety officers shall attend the Submarine Safety Officer Course prior to, or within six months of, assuming their duties. Safety officers who are graduates of Surface Warfare Officer School (SWOS) Department Head (DH) Course meet this requirement. Group and squadron safety officers (surface ship or submarine) shall attend the applicable safety officer course if they have not completed the SWOS DH Course or Submarine Safety Officer Course. If operations do not


A5-3

permit the prospective collateral duty safety officer to attend formal training prior to assuming the position, he/she shall attend formal training at the first opportunity and, in the interim, complete the Naval Safety Supervisor Course (NAVEDTRA 14167). Safety officers and assistant safety officers should attend the Navy Ergonomics Program Course. Additional training may be obtained via courses offered by the NAVOSHENVTRACEN, conferences, and workshops related to the elements required by the command’s specific safety program. b. Within six months of being assigned, all divisional safety petty officers aboard ship shall complete the Naval Safety Supervisor Course (NAVEDTRA 14167) and Watch Station 301 of the safety programs afloat PQS (NAVEDTRA 43460-4B). In addition, at least fifty percent of all divisional safety petty officers shall attend the Safety Programs Afloat (SPA) Course (CIN A-493-2099) or the Aviation Safety Specialist Course (CIN A-493-0065) taught by the NAVOSHENVTRACEN. Divisional safety petty officers shall have a minimum of one year remaining before their projected rotation date (PRD). Completion of the Naval Safety Supervisor and the SPA courses satisfy part of the requirements for the Navy safety technician secondary Navy enlisted classification (SNEC) code 9571. (This paragraph is not applicable to submarines). c. The safety officer will ensure SOH training is conducted as indicated in appendix A5-A. For submarines, this training may be integrated into phase one of submarine qualification. d. Indoctrination training conducted by each command will concentrate on the practical aspects of the SOH program as implemented aboard ship and will include:

(1) Introduction of the SOH program and identification of key personnel, the chain of command, and mishap reporting.

(2) Hazard identification and risk assessment of known hazards (heat, noise, asbestos, hazardous material, and electrical shock, for example as applicable) and operational risk management (ORM) techniques per reference A5-1.

(3) Safety precautions and standards (section C or D)


A5-4

(4) Safety, warnings/caution signs, and deck markings. (5) Mishap prevention and reporting safety hazards,

including their right to a timely response on a safety report and their right to appeal.

(6) Hazardous materials spill response training including the process of reporting a hazardous material spill on the ship.

(7) Oil spill emergency spill response training including

the process of reporting an oil spill on the ship. e. Conduct SOH training on safety precautions and potential hazards applicable to a division as part of the ongoing ORM process. Operational risk management training may be conducted prior to scheduled evolutions (such as CONREP, VERTREP, aircraft operations, towing, anchoring, or engineering drills) or at scheduled divisional training periods. Division officers shall ensure assigned personnel receive mandatory training on safety programs (e.g., heat stress, electrical safety, hazardous material control and management, the SOH program, and hearing conservation) and that at least two safety briefs are conducted at quarters or muster each month. Appendix A5-A is a consolidated list of training requirements directed by this instruction. f. At a minimum, commands shall conduct one safety stand-down per year. Additional safety stand-downs may be warranted at the discretion of the commanding officer. g. Where specified in this instruction division officers shall ensure training is documented using Navy career development program databases (e.g., R-Admin, COMPASS) or other standard electronic or hardcopy means. Divisional safety petty officer training completion shall be tracked by the safety officer. Training accomplishment shall be part of the annual safety self-assessment. A0504. TRAINING RESOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS a. A complete list of occupational safety and health correspondence courses can be found in appendix A5-C.


A5-5

b. A number of safety periodicals are available to afloat commands. Articles from these periodicals can be used for general command safety training, division safety training, and plan of the day notes. (1) Ships Safety Bulletin - Issued quarterly by COMNAVSAFECEN. Contains articles on shipboard safety problems, accident trends, and current technical information. (2) SeaShore Magazine - Issued quarterly by COMNAVSAFECEN. Publicizes fleet-wide safety programs and provides information on afloat and shore mishap prevention. Also contains shore hazard information and mishap statistics about occupational safety and health, fire, motor vehicles, weapons and explosives, and off-duty and recreational topics. Issued by COMNAVSAFECEN. (3) Approach - Issued quarterly by COMNAVSAFECEN. Aviation mishap prevention for naval aviators, flight officers, and air-crewmen. (4) Mech - Issued quarterly by COMNAVSAFECEN. Articles on hazards, policy, and equipment information pertinent to readiness and safety in aviation maintenance at all levels of responsibility. (5) FLASH (Factual Lines About Submarine Hazards) - Issued quarterly by COMNAVSAFECEN. A mishap prevention bulletin containing a summary of research from selected reports of submarine hazards. It is intended to give advanced coverage of safety-related information while reducing reading time. (6) Diving Safety Lines (DSL) - Issued quarterly by COMNAVSAFECEN. Summary of the results of research from selected reports of diving hazards. (7) Ground Warrior – Issued bimonthly. Marine Corps tactical operation safety. (8) Type Commander Newsletters, Advisories and Safety Notes.


A5-6

____________________________

CHAPTER A5

REFERENCES A5-1. OPNAVINST 3500.39B A5-2. DoD Instruction 6055.1, DoD Safety and Occupational Health (SOH) Program, of date A5-3. SECNAVINST 5100.10J A5-4. OPNAVINST 5100.8G


Appendix A5-A TRAINING REQUIREMENTS SUMMARY

*Courses can be, Mandatory(M), Formal(F), Informal(I)

Navy Personnel Training Requirement Paragraph/ Reference

Course Title/Training

Required*

Resource for Training

Length of

Training

Periodicity

All hands A0502c General Ergonomics AwarenessMI

Powerpoint

Ship’s instructors

TBD Initially

Submarine safety officer - qualified E-6 personnel, chief petty officers, and commissioned officers.

A0503a Submarine Safety Officer Course (F-4J-0020)MF

NAVOSHENVTRACEN 3 Days Prior to or within 6 months of assignment

For prospective collateral duty safety officer or full-time safety officer

A0503a Naval Safety Supervisor Course MF

NAVEDTRA 14167 TBD Interim measure, until the Safety Officer Course can be attended.

Collateral duty or full time safety officers

A0503a Afloat Safety Officer Course (A-4J-0020)MF

Surface Warfare Officer School (SWOS), Newport

(See Note1)

7 Days Prior to or within 6 months of assignment


A5-A-2



Required*


Length of

Training

Periodicity

Afloat Industrial Hygiene Officers (IHOs)

Annual continuing educationMI

Navy Occupational Health and Preventive Medicine Workshop

TBD Annual

1Division safety petty officers

A0503b Division Safety Petty Officer, Watchstation 301, Naval Safety SupervisorMI

Supervisor, Safety Programs Afloat PQS,

NAVEDTRA 14167

TBD Within 6 months of assignment

Fifty percent of the petty officers assigned as division safety petty officers aboard ship

A0503b Safety Programs Afloat (A-493-2099) or Aviation Safety Specialist (A-493-0065)MF

NAVOSHENVTRACEN 2 Days 3 Days

Within 6 months of assignment

All hands A0501a C0103a D0103a

Occupational Safety and Health TrainingMI

Videotapes, Ship personnel

TBD After reporting on-board and annually thereafter

Personnel designated to be on the EART

Appendix B1-C(6)

Shipboard Asbestos Response" (A-760-2166)MF

NAVOSHENVTRACEN 2 Days Initially

1 Must have at least 1 year before projected rotation. Not applicable to submarines.


A5-A-3



Required*


Length of

Training

Periodicity

All personnel performing non-friable asbestos work: · Limited asbestos-containing

floor tile removal · Asbestos-containing gasket

replacement · Asbestos-containing brake

assembly maintenance

B0104g Asbestos Removal Procedures detailed in Appendix B1-BMI

For ships with no EART

(See NOTE2)

For ships with an EART (See NOTE3)

TBD On-the-job training

All personnel that are required to wear personal protective clothing and equipment

B1202 (c) B1203e(3)

Proper Wear and Maintenance of Clothes and EquipmentMI

Division Officer TBD Prior to initial use and at Division Officer's discretion thereafter

All Hands B0206a Heat-Stress TrainingMI

Videotape (Play it Cool)

TBD Upon reporting aboard

Heat-stress surveyors assigned to perform WBGT surveys

B0206b Heat-Stress Surveyor Watchstation 303MF

Safety Programs Afloat PQS 303, NAVEDTRA 43460-4A

TBD Qualify within 12 weeks of assignment

HM Supervisor B0302c(2) HMC&M Technician Course (A-322-2600) or (A-322-2601)MF

NAVOSHENVTRACEN 4 days Initial

Hazardous Material(HM) Coordinator B0302c(1) Afloat HM Coordinator Course (A-8B-0008)MF

Navy Supply School

2 days Prior to or within 6 months of assignment


A5-A-4



Required*


Length of

Training

Periodicity

Damage control teams required to combat HM spills/releases

B0304a(1)b B0304b(2) B0304d(1)a

HM/HW Emergency ProceduresMI

DCA TBD Determined by DCA

Workcenter personnel B0302a(12)b Proper Procedure for Handling HM/HWMI

HM Coordinator/ Workcenter Supervisor

TBD Prior to using or handling HM

All hands B0302a(2) B3-C (69)

Job Specific HM/HW trainingMI

Workcenter supervisor

TBD Initial

Assistants to the HM coordinator, personnel who control the day-to-day operation of the HMC&M program and personnel who manage the HAZMINCEN

B0302a(4)a HM Control and Management Technician Course (A-322-2600)or (A-322-2601)MF

NAVOSHENVTRACEN 4 days Initial

Personnel wearing hearing protection device (HPD) not in HCP

B0402(d) (3)

Use and Maintenance of HPDsMI

Division Officer/MDR

TBD Initial

Personnel working in noise hazardous areas or with noise hazardous equipment

B0408a Initial TrainingMI

MDR TBD Prior to beginning work and annually thereafter

All personnel in the Hearing Conservation Program

B0408b Refresher Training for the HCP-Enrolled PersonnelMI

NEHC Technical Manual, TM-6260.51.99-2, Navy Medical Department Hearing Conservation Program Procedures

TBD Annually


A5-A-5



Required*


Length of

Training

Periodicity

Respiratory Protection Manager B0602b(1) Respiratory Protection Program Manager (A-493-0072)MF

NAVOSHENVTRACEN 4 Days Prior to assuming duties

All personnel performing preventive maintenance on brake assemblies

Appendix B1-B, 7

Respirator Fit-Testing, Selection, and MaintenanceMI

Respiratory Protection Manager

TBD Prior to donning a respirator, and annually thereafter

All personnel required to wear respirators

B0612a Use and Maintenance of RespiratorsMI

Respiratory Protection Manager

TBD Prior to use and annually thereafter

All-Hands B0702(b) (1)

Basic Electrical Safety and PPE UseMI

Safety Officer, Electrical Officer, Electronics Material Officer

TBD Once reporting aboard and annually thereafter

CPR Instructor B0708b CPR CertificationMF

Training per American Heart Association, American Red Cross, or equivalent.

Personnel who man the portable electrical tool issue room

B0708c Electrical Tool Issue Room Watchstation 302MI

Safety Programs Afloat PQS, NAVEDTRA 43460-4A

TBD Within 16 weeks of assignment


A5-A-6



Required*


Length of

Training

Periodicity

Electrical Safety Officer B0708d Watchstation 304MI

Safety Programs

Afloat PQS

TBD Within 16 weeks of assignment

All newly reporting personnel assigned to work in RADHAZ areas

B0902(1)c Awareness TrainingMI

Radiation Safety Officer/ Workcenter Supervisor

Appendix B9-A/ Baseline IHS

Upon reporting to workcenter

Detailed information regarding class schedules, quotas, etc. can be found on the NAVOSHENVTRACEN website at http://www.safetycenter.navy.mil/training//. NOTE1 For officers who have attended Department Head Course at Surface Warfare Officer School, this course contains the material covered in the Afloat Safety Officer Course (A-4J-0020) and is considered the equivalent. Completion of the Department Head Course satisfies the requirements for A-4J-0020. NOTE2 For ships with no Emergency Asbestos Response Team (EART), this training shall be accomplished by the safety officer or engineering officer as on-the-job training using the Standard Operating Procedures in appendix B1-B. NOTE3 For ships with an EART, this training shall be accomplished by the safety officer or engineering officer, or a member of the EART that has successfully completed “Shipboard Asbestos Response” A-760-2166, or Asbestos Supervisor/Worker (A-493-0069) as on-the-job training using the Standard Operating Procedures in appendix B1-B.

NOTE

Many NAVEDTRA manuals contain specific safety information related to the specific topic. Refer to the Catalog of Nonresident Training Courses (NAVEDTRA 12061) for a current listing of available products. The catalog may be accessed for view/download from: http://www.advancement.cnet.navy.mil



Appendix A5-B

Safety and Occupational Health-Related Courses Taught At Environmental and Preventive Medicine Units (NAVENPVNTMEDUs)

The following is a listing of Occupational Health and Preventive Medicine training courses including the appropriate course number and the NAVENPVNTMEDUs (abbreviated EPMUs below for convenience) at which it is taught. These courses are not controlled by Commander, Naval Education and Training Command (NETC) or by Commanding Officer NAVOSH and Environmental Training Center (NAVOSHENVTRACEN) and are not equivalent to NAVOSHENVTRACEN courses. 1. Health Effects/Control of Asbestos and Other Thermal Insulation (B-322-2330) (Hazard awareness and not asbestos ripout training)(EPMU-6) 2. Analysis of Airborne Asbestos Samples (B-322-2333) (EPMU-2, 6) 3. Analysis of Bulk Asbestos Samples (B-322-2334) (EPMU-2, 5, 6) 4. Heat Stress Afloat (B-322-2320) (EPMU-2, 6) 5. Hearing Conservation Afloat (B-322-2310) (EPMU-2, 6) 6. Industrial Hygiene Techniques/Workplace Monitoring (B-322-2306) (EPMU-6) 7. Lead Hazards and Control (B-322-2332) (EPMU-6) 8. Hazardous Material Awareness/Control (B-322-2365) (EPMU-6) 9. Basic Preventive Medicine & Epidemiology (B-6H-0017) (EPMU-2) 10. Food Safety Managers (B-322-2101) (EPMU-2) 11. Malaria Prevention & Control (B-322-2209) (EPMU-2) 12. Lab Identification of Malaria (B-322-2210) (EPMU-2) 13. Shipboard Pest Management (B-322-1075) (EPMU-2)


A5-B-2

NOTE:

The courses, titles, and numbers are subject to change. Check with the appropriate NAVENPVNTMEDU or the CANTRAC for course name, content and convening date. NAVENPVNTMEDUs are at the following locations: TWO Norfolk, Virginia FIVE San Diego, California SIX Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

Similar training may be available from cognizant industrial hygiene staff.


CHAPTER B1

ASBESTOS MANAGEMENT B0101. CHAPTER ORGANIZATION a. The chapter has been reorganized to clarify ships' requirements and responsibilities for management of asbestos exposure. b. There are three categories of asbestos work that can be performed aboard ship (paragraph B0105). These categories are referred to in this chapter as asbestos work protocols. Individual asbestos work protocols, which detail plan work scope, plan responsibilities, and equipment and training requirements, are included for each type of asbestos work. c. This chapter contains two types of information. Paragraphs B0101 through B0106 contain information that is general in nature, and is mandatory for all ships. Paragraphs B0107 through B0109 detail information that is applicable to ships relative to the asbestos work protocol under which the ship must operate (paragraph B0105). B0102. APPLICABILITY Navy policy is that asbestos-contaminated insulating materials will not be used on U.S. ships. Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEASYSCOM) cannot definitively establish that a ship is free of asbestos-containing materials (ACM). Any previous guidance that may have exempted ships from establishing and maintaining an asbestos plan has been deleted from reference B1-1. Because of this, and the fact that all U.S. Navy ships contain some form of ACM, all ships shall implement and maintain an asbestos management plan. This chapter, including work protocols, combined with supplemental recommendations and information, such as locations of ACM and suspected ACM, provided as part of the industrial hygiene survey shall constitute the ship’s asbestos management plan. Commanding officers shall ensure that all required resources and personnel are assigned to accomplish this plan. Ships with qualified teams to perform asbestos repair or removal may do so. However, due to inconsistent state-to-state, and increasingly stringent federal, air emissions reporting


B1-2

requirements, each ship is required to contact their type commander's (TYCOM) industrial hygiene officer (IHO), and/or regional environmental coordinator (REC) to determine specific local emissions reporting guidance. a. All ships shall implement, at a minimum, the protocol for ship’s force (paragraphs B0105a and B0107). A ship may be required to implement and maintain an additional protocol - the protocol for emergency asbestos response team (EART) (paragraphs B0105b and B0108).

b. Any ship whose keel was laid prior to 1980 will be considered to contain friable asbestos thermal systems insulation (TSI), and shall therefore maintain an EART. Ships in this category shall implement and maintain both the ship's force (B0107) and EART (B0108) protocols.

c. Any ship whose keel was laid during or after 1980, per reference B1-2, was prohibited from being constructed with TSI, and by definition, does not require an EART. TSI repair work performed by facilities and contractors controlled by U.S. maritime regulations prevented asbestos TSI from being introduced onto the ship. Those same regulations were not always enforceable for work conducted by non-U.S. regulated repair facilities or contractors. See Note below for details.

NOTE: Any ship that has had TSI repair work performed in any non-U.S. Navy regulated facility or contractor, should be handled as if the ship contains asbestos TSI, unless supporting documentation, substantiated by laboratory analysis (see B0104a(3)), can document that ACM was not introduced onto the ship. Any ship, having any TSI repairs by any non-U.S. regulated facility or contractor, without supporting documentation to guarantee that no ACM was introduced onto the ship, regardless of the age of the ship, shall maintain an EART. Therefore, all ships shall maintain, or have access to, adequate supplies of asbestos-free insulating materials for use in routine and emergency repair work conducted in non-U.S. operated facilities to prevent the introduction of ACM. A non-U.S. regulated facility or contractor is defined as “any facility or contractor outside the direct controls of the contracting official for all materials and work practices


B1-3

used during the repair.”

B0103. DISCUSSION a. Asbestos is a fibrous mineral that can be produced into a material that is fireproof, possesses high tensile strength, good heat and electrical insulating capabilities, and moderate to good chemical resistance. Because of these characteristics, asbestos has traditionally been used as thermal and acoustical insulation, pipe lagging, gaskets, brake and clutch linings, winch and capstan brakes, and roofing and flooring materials. b. Asbestos fibers are a known health hazard. Inhalation of asbestos fibers has been demonstrated to cause at least two distinct disease states, asbestosis and cancer. Asbestosis is a progressively worsening disease of the lung and is recognized as a classic disabling or even fatal occupational disease. Asbestos has also been found as a causal factor in the development of lung cancer and of malignant pleural mesothelioma, and it is suspected of causing cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. When coupled with smoking tobacco products, the risk of developing lung cancer is increased dramatically. Mesothelioma is a rare malignant tumor of the membrane that lines the chest and abdominal cavity. It is rarely found except in those exposed to asbestos. Most symptoms of these asbestos-related diseases do not show up until 10-45 years after exposure. c. Asbestos insulation and other asbestos-containing materials are normally not a health hazard when in good condition, secured in place, and unlikely to be disturbed. Bound asbestos materials, such as most gaskets, floor coverings, and cements are not generally health hazardous except when worked by punching, grinding, machining, or sanding or when the material is deteriorated. Of primary concern is asbestos that has the potential to become airborne through friability (able to be crushed under hand pressure). Gasket material that has been exposed to high heat over time, and damaged asbestos packing materials may also be friable. d. There are no known acute (immediate) effects associated with exposure to asbestos. Therefore, avoid breathing asbestos dust even though it may not seem to produce any harmful effects at the time of exposure. There is only one way to completely prevent the possibility of asbestos-related illness, and that is


B1-4

to eliminate asbestos from the work environment. Since total removal is not possible, the Navy has instituted a plan to control the use of asbestos and to replace any removed asbestos with a non-asbestos substitute where technically acceptable substitutes have been identified. e. Asbestos is normally found aboard ship in insulation and lagging for high temperature machinery, boilers and piping, in Garlock®-type gasket material, electrical wiring, certain deck tiles and decorative paneling, and some packing material. For purposes of this afloat instruction, ACM is characterized as one of two types: (1) Friable. Friable ACM is defined as material that can be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder under hand pressure, thereby releasing airborne fibers. Friable ACM represents the most significant health hazard, because airborne fibers can be released during normal work operations. Typical examples are: (a) Pipe lagging. (b) Acoustical insulation. (c) Sheet gasket material used in high temperature applications.

(2) Non-friable. This form of ACM, when dry, cannot be crumbled, pulverized or reduced to powder by hand pressure. The asbestos fibers in these materials cannot be readily released into the air under normal work conditions. Some examples are: (a) Brake and clutch linings. (b) Gaskets and adhesives. (c) Floor tile and adhesives.


B1-5

BO104. ASBESTOS CONTROL ELEMENTS a. Identification of Asbestos Hazards

(1) Per chapter A3, an industrial hygienist shall survey all work places as part of the industrial hygiene survey. During this survey, the industrial hygienist shall identify any hazards associated with asbestos and provide recommended actions to the ship to eliminate or minimize the asbestos hazard. This information shall be included in the industrial hygiene survey and used to complete the asbestos management plan.

(2) It is necessary to determine if thermal insulation, due to be handled by ship's force for repair or removal, contains asbestos, prior to the time each repair or removal is to be performed. For non-nuclear propulsion spaces, a sample of the insulation material shall be obtained following the procedures in appendix B1-A, and submitted for analysis.

(3) For nuclear propulsion spaces, a thorough

determination for the presence of asbestos prior to initiating thermal insulation shall be conducted. Reliable documentation, such as ship's drawings, work control documents, material history drawings, and prior sample results may be used to determine whether the material to be worked is free of asbestos. If documentation is unavailable, unreliable, or questionable, a sample of the insulation material shall be obtained following the procedures of B1-A and submitted for analysis.

(4) It is impossible to identify asbestos based solely on a visual inspection. Therefore, thermal insulation, especially on ships that were built before 1980, should be handled as if it contains asbestos, unless the insulation material is shown to be asbestos-free by laboratory analysis, or for nuclear propulsion plant spaces by reliable documentation addressed in the preceding paragraph (B0104a(3)). Ships having asbestos identification capability can provide this laboratory service, to positively identify suspected asbestos-containing materials. Naval shipyards, Navy Environmental Preventive Medicine Units (NAVENPVNTMEDUs), and medical treatment facilities (MTFs) also have the capability to test materials for the presence of asbestos. Identification by polarizing light microscopy or transfer electron microscopy (TEM) is acceptable.


B1-6

(5) There are many means of marking asbestos-free thermal insulation. Do not rely on any such systems as positive identification of non-asbestos material. b. Management of Asbestos in the Workplace (1) Navy policy is to eliminate asbestos exposure hazards by substitution of ACM with asbestos-free materials, approved under the technical management of the NAVSEASYSCOM. The command shall not remove installed ACM, which are in good condition, for the sole purpose of eliminating asbestos. Where substitution is not possible, the command shall use engineering controls or and/or personal protective equipment. The command shall prohibit the use of administrative controls, (e.g., personnel rotation) as a means of keeping the exposure below the permissible exposure limit (PEL). (2) Specific procedures to control the accumulation of asbestos-laden waste, dust, and scrap materials are found in the individual work protocol standard operating procedures (SOPs) (appendix B1-B for ship’s force and appendix B1-C for emergency asbestos response team). (3) Warning Signs and Labels (a) The command shall provide and display warning signs, which comply with reference B1-3, at each location where asbestos work is performed. Post signs at a sufficient distance from the work area that personnel may read the signs and take necessary steps before entering the area. A listing of required protective equipment may be attached to, or be a part of the sign. The warning sign shall state:

DANGER

ASBESTOS CANCER AND LUNG DISEASE HAZARD AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY

RESPIRATORS AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING MAY BE REQUIRED IN THIS AREA

This warning sign is available from standard stock under NSN 9905-01-345-4519.


B1-7

(b) Affix warning signs to containers of raw materials, mixtures, scrap, waste, debris, samples and other products containing asbestos materials. Print the warning labels in letters of sufficient size and contrast as to be readily visible and legible. Include the following information:

DANGER CONTAINS ASBESTOS FIBERS

AVOID CREATING DUST CANCER AND LUNG DISEASE HAZARD

c. Adherence to Prescribed Work Practices. The work processes for asbestos removal or repair are specific to the type of asbestos work protocol. See the appropriate appendix for SOPs for each work protocol: (1) Appendix B1-B details SOPs for ship's force asbestos work. (2) Appendix B1-C is the SOP for EART work processes. d. Proper Stowage and Offloading of Materials Containing Asbestos (1) Stowage of Unused Asbestos-Containing Gasket Materials and Packing. Stow asbestos-containing gasket material and packing (e.g., Garlock® sheets) in double, heavy-duty (six millimeters thickness) plastic bags or other suitable impermeable containers. The storage material must be leak tight. All bags or containers must be provided with standard asbestos labels (paragraph B0104b(3)(b)). Exercise care in order to prevent bags and other containers from rupturing when being transported and stowed. (2) Handling, Packaging and Offloading of Removed ACM. Adequately wet ACM during removal and maintain wet through disposal. Dispose of the wet waste material in double, heavy-duty (six millimeters thickness) plastic bags or other suitable impermeable containers. The waste container must be leak tight. Do not overfill the bags. Provide all bags or containers with standard warning labels per B0104b(3)(b). Distinctly color-code all asbestos waste containers red to ensure easy recognition. Exercise care in order to prevent bags and other containers from


B1-8

rupturing when being transported to a shore activity for disposal. Accomplish disposal in accordance with appendix L of reference B1-4. e. Asbestos Medical Surveillance Program (AMSP). The medical department representative (MDR) will determine placement of personnel into the AMSP per reference B1-5. It is possible that all three asbestos protocols may require placement of personnel into an AMSP.

f. Environmental Protection

(1) Repair and removal operations conducted at sea, at a distance greater than 3nm from U.S. shore, are not subject to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emissions and reporting standards for asbestos. However, EPA standards for disposal of ACM apply upon return to port. All ACM will be held on station and disposed of ashore per the appropriate EPA requirements.

(2) Ships with qualified teams to perform asbestos

repair or removal may do so within 3nm of shore. However, due to inconsistent state-to-state, and increasingly stringent, federal air emissions reporting requirements, each ship is required to contact their TYCOM IHO or REC to determine specific local emissions reporting guidance. g. Training

(1) Training requirements for personnel performing repair or removal work with ACM are specific to the type of work performed. Each protocol contains the specific requirements for training. The training matrices are as follows:

(a) Training matrix for ship’s force is appendix B1-D.

(b) Training matrix for the EART is appendix B1-E.

(2) In addition to the training requirements detailed in the specific protocols (paragraphs B0107c and B0108c), general training is required for all personnel currently exposed, or with the potential for being exposed to asbestos. All commands are responsible for asbestos training of their personnel. The work-center supervisor should conduct training upon personnel assignment to the work-center. General training shall include:


B1-9

(a) The health effects/hazards of asbestos; (b) The association between the use of tobacco

products, exposure to asbestos, and the increased risk of developing lung cancer;

(c) Uses of asbestos that could result in an exposure; (d) Engineering controls and work practices

associated with an individual's work assignment; (e) Purpose, proper use and limitations of protective

equipment; (f) Purpose and description of medical surveillance

program; (g) Description of emergency and clean-up procedures; (h) Overall review of this chapter and the

command's/activity’s control plan; and (i) Posting signs and affixing labels.

h. Recordkeeping. All shipboard asbestos records, including personal and environmental monitoring, quality control and quality assurance, and asbestos related respirator fit testing, shall be transferred to a supporting shore medical activity for permanent retention as required by reference B1-5 following transfer, discharge or retirement of the individual to whom the records refer. The supporting shore medical activity shall establish a file for each ship. If a ship changes homeport, the file will be provided to the new supporting shore medical activity. Upon decommissioning, the supporting shore medical activity shall forward the asbestos record to BUMED. Each individual currently or previously working with asbestos or any other person he or she may designate, shall have access to all such records within 15 days of a written request. B0105. TYPES OF ASBESTOS WORK PERFORMED ABOARD NAVY SHIPS For the purposes of this chapter, all work involving ACM has been divided into two protocols. The protocols are:


B1-10

a. Ship's Force Protocol. This protocol details the requirements and procedures for the repair and removal of materials that contain non-friable ACM (B0107). All afloat commands must comply with the requirements of this protocol. b. Emergency Asbestos Response Team (EART) Protocol (Formerly the Three Men Emergency Rip-Out Team). This protocol details the requirements and procedures for the minor repair and removal of friable ACM (i.e., asbestos work that can be accomplished using proper glove bag procedures (B0108)). B0106. WORKPLACE RELEASE CRITERIA

a. Strict adherence to good housekeeping procedures, and dust control measures to minimize release of asbestos fibers during removal/repair of asbestos-containing materials are the most important and effective means of reducing downtime to reoccupy a workspace after asbestos repair or abatement operations.

b. Before a space, where asbestos work was performed, may be released for unrestricted access, the area must be thoroughly cleaned and inspected. Use the checklist found in appendix B1-F for this purpose if required by the protocol. B0107. PROTOCOL FOR SHIP'S FORCE PERFORMING NON-FRIABLE ASBESTOS MAINTENANCE a. All Navy ships have non-friable asbestos; therefore, all afloat commands shall comply with the specific requirements of this protocol. The SOPs for the work processes authorized for ship’s force personnel to perform are found in appendix B1-B. Additionally, all afloat commands are required to comply with the general requirements detailed in B0101 through B0106. Ship's force may perform:

(1) Replacement of asbestos-containing gasket/packing

material;

(2) Limited asbestos floor tile removal (nine feet2

maximum); and (3) Preventive maintenance of brake and clutch assemblies.


B1-11

b. Ship's Force Protocol Responsibilities (1) The safety officer shall:

(a) Ensure that ship's force personnel performing work under this protocol are trained to accomplish the work described in appendix B1-B.

(b) If applicable (see B0102c NOTE), ensure that documentation, substantiated by laboratory analysis (see B0104a(3)), is obtained for any repair work performed in non-U.S. Navy-operated facility to ensure that no ACM is introduced onto the ship. (2) The engineering/repair/aviation intermediate maintenance department heads (as appropriate) shall:

(a) Provide personnel who work with asbestos with the necessary equipment and protective clothing to perform work per this protocol. Appendix B1-G and appendix B1-H detail the personal protective equipment (PPE) and authorized equipment list (AEL) required for this protocol.

(b) Identify all personnel involved in asbestos

repair or removal operations that warrant AMSP consideration, per this protocol (see appendix B1-B, medical surveillance sections), and provide their names to the MDR for consideration for inclusion in the AMSP. Ensure personnel, placed in the AMSP by the MDR, report for medical examinations as required.

(c) Ensure that all asbestos-containing waste

materials are collected as required per paragraph B0104d(2) and appendix B1-B and properly stored while awaiting disposal ashore (paragraphs B0104d(1) and (2)). (d) Ensure that only work described in paragraph B0107 is performed by ship's force. (e) Ensure that ship's force personnel performing work under this protocol are trained to accomplish the work described in appendix B1-B.


B1-12

(3) The medical department representative shall implement, if applicable, an AMSP, per reference B1-5 for personnel performing preventive maintenance on brake assemblies.

(4) Division officers shall:

(a) Notify the safety officer and engineer officer/repair officer prior to performing or authorizing any work that may include the repair or removal of ACM. (b) Ensure that the workplace is properly cleaned and cleared prior to release for uncontrolled access per B0106 and appendix B1-F. The department head or division officer may designate a leading petty officer (LPO) to accomplish the workplace release inspection. (c) Ensure that all mandatory training for work covered in this protocol is conducted. Training requirements are detailed in paragraph B0109 and appendix B1-D.

(5) Work-center supervisors shall train all hands who work in areas where asbestos-containing materials are present to recognize and report damaged ACM.

(6) All hands shall:

(a) Avoid areas posted with asbestos warning signs. Unless authorized, do not enter an asbestos-posted area.

(b) Inform appropriate supervisor of damage to materials covered under this protocol.

c. Training. All personnel currently exposed or with the potential of being exposed to asbestos and their division officer and work-center supervisor shall receive asbestos training prior to, or at the time of their initial assignment. d. Personal Protective and Engineering Equipment. A matrix containing a general list of personal protective equipment (PPE) for work covered in this protocol is found in appendix B1-G. A detailed authorized equipment list (AEL) of all engineering equipment is found in appendix B1-H. e. Disposal of Asbestos Waste. Dispose of asbestos waste per paragraph B0104d(2), appendix B1-B, and chapter B3.


B1-13

B0108. PROTOCOL FOR EMERGENCY ASBESTOS RESPONSE TEAM (EART) (FORMERLY THE 3-MAN EMERGENCY RIP-OUT TEAM) a. All afloat commands meeting the following criteria shall have an EART to perform emergency repair or replacement of ACM. Each EART team shall consist of a supervisor, a cutter, and a cleaner. Per paragraph B0102, the following afloat commands shall maintain an EART: (1) Any ship whose keel was laid prior to 1980. (2) Any ship whose keel was laid on or after 1980, not meeting the exemption for new ships detailed in paragraph B0102c NOTE. (3) Ships requiring the EART shall comply with all of the general requirements of this chapter (paragraphs B0101 through B0106), the requirements of the protocol for ship's force (section B0107), and the specific requirements of this protocol (paragraphs B0108b through B0108(f)). (4) The EART may perform:

(a) All work described in the protocol for ship's force per paragraph B0107.

(b) Asbestos repair or removal, limited to small-scale, short-duration repair or maintenance actions. Small-scale, short-duration actions are such tasks as minor repairs of asbestos-containing insulation on pipes. The definition of a minor repair includes removal and reinstallation of less than three linear feet of pipe insulation or less than one square foot (ft2) of insulation on surfaces other than pipe (an amount that can be done within a glove bag). The standard operating procedure for this action is found in appendix B1-C and reference B1-1. b. Emergency Asbestos Response Team (EART) Responsibilities

(1) The safety officer shall:

(a) Inspect each repair operation involving friable asbestos.


B1-14

(b) Ensure that the ship has the required equipment to accomplish work per this protocol as defined in reference B1-1 and appendix B1-H.

(c) When asbestos removal or repair operations are completed, approve access to work area using the release criteria per paragraph B0106 and complete appendix B1-F.

(2) The engineering/repair department head (as appropriate) shall:

(a) Ensure that a qualified intermediate maintenance activity (IMA) (either afloat or shore) is scheduled to do the work, if asbestos work exceeds the scope of this protocol

(b) Provide personnel who work with asbestos, per

this protocol, with the necessary equipment and protective clothing per reference B1-1 and appendix B1-I.

(c) Identify and provide a list of all personnel

involved in asbestos operations to the medical department representative for consideration for entry into the AMSP.

(d) Ensure that all asbestos-containing waste

materials are collected, stowed and disposed of as required by paragraph B0104d(2) and chapter B3.

(e) Ensure personnel are trained, and training is

documented in the member’s service record. Training requirements for this protocol are located in appendix B1-E.

(f) If a repair or removal of ACM, involving an IMA

is scheduled, interface with the IMA personnel and attend the pre-work brief per paragraph B0109(c). (3) The division officer of the workspace where asbestos work is being conducted shall attend the asbestos pre-work brief if required asbestos work exceeds the scope of this protocol (paragraph B0108a(4)(b) and appendix B1-J). (4) The MDR shall implement an AMSP, per reference B1-5.


B1-15

c. Training (1) All members of the EART shall be graduates of Emergency Asbestos Response Team Course, CIN A-760-2166. (See appendix B1-E). (2) This training shall be documented in the member’s service record upon completion. d. Personal Protective Equipment. Personnel engaged in work per this protocol, shall wear the protective clothing and equipment discussed in the appendix B1-I. A list of equipment and tools can be found in appendix B1-H.

NOTE:

Critical watchstanders, personnel who must remain in the immediate area, due to watch standing requirements, where asbestos repair or removal is being conducted, are required to wear the same PPE as those personnel performing the asbestos work, and at least a half-mask, air-purifying respirator with a filtering cartridge.

e. Disposal of Asbestos Waste. Dispose of asbestos waste per appendix B1-C and Chapter B3. f. Medical Surveillance Requirements. Per references B1-1 and B1-5, a list of EART personnel shall be submitted to the medical department for consideration for entry into the command’s AMSP.

_____________________

CHAPTER B1

REFERENCES B1-1. Naval Ship's Technical Manual, Chapter 635, Thermal Fire and Acoustic Insulation B1-2. Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), section 1915.1001, Asbestos Exposure in all Shipyard Employment Work


B1-16

B1-3. Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) section 1910.1001, (not required on board ship, but a pertinent reference) B1-4. OPNAVINST 5090.1B

B1-5. NEHC Technical Manual TM OM-6260, Occupational Medical Surveillance Procedures Manual and Medical Matrix Edition 7. B1-6. NEHC Technical Manual TM 6290.91-2B, Industrial Hygiene Field Operations Manual


Appendix B1-A

ASBESTOS INSULATION BULK SAMPLE COLLECTION AND SUBMISSION PROCEDURE

To determine if the thermal insulation to be handled for repair or rip-out is indeed asbestos, a sample of the material must be submitted to the industrial hygiene department of any NAVENPVNTMEDU, naval medical center, naval hospital or naval medical clinic, or to the IHO/safety officer aboard a tender for immediate analysis. Following are procedures for collecting a sample suspect asbestos material: a. Restrict access within 10 feet of the area in which sampling is to be done to only personnel wearing a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-approved half-mask air-purifying respirator equipped with high efficiency filtering cartridges/filters. Respiratory protection shall be worn by personnel collecting bulk samples of insulation.

b. Secure supply and exhaust ventilation systems in the area. c. Lightly moisten the cut area with water using a plastic water spray bottle to control asbestos dust while cutting out bulk insulation samples. Adjust the spray to produce a mist, not a straight stream. d. While cutting into the lagging, hold a disposable plastic bag under the area for collection of any debris. e. Only a small sample is required for analysis. Carefully cut an approximate 1/2-inch (or quarter size) diameter core through the outer lagging cloth/paste and through the underlying insulation down to the covered metal surface. For soft insulation material, a knife may be appropriate. For hard preformed insulation, a chisel or sharpened screwdriver may be used. A knife is not safe for use with hard preformed insulation since the increased force necessary to penetrate the insulation makes accidental hand contact with the exposed blade a real probability. The ideal coring device is a sharpened steel punch that can be driven into the preformed insulation. Some Navy shipyards have locally fabricated stainless steel borers, modeled after cork borers but substantially strengthened,


B1-A-2

for this purpose. Whatever device is used for sampling must be cleaned after each sample to prevent cross-contamination of samples. For boring tools, cleaning with a wire bore-brush followed by a water wash is recommended. A sample should be submitted for every 10 feet of lagging provided that the material appears to be the same. If there are breaks, seams, or changes in the direction of the lagging, a sample for each section is required. A sample for each type of tile and type of gasket or packing should also be submitted. f. Using forceps, a spatula, some other instrument or a gloved hand, place the insulation in a four by four-inch polyethylene interlocking seal bag. Label the exterior of the bag as required in paragraph B0104b(3)(b). The bag shall be marked as to location of the sample, command, sampler's name, date of sample and any sample number, if applicable. Fold and place the labeled bag inside another four by four-inch polyethylene interlocking seal bag. g. After collecting the sample, cover the exposed insulation with duct tape, place respirator in a plastic bag. Respirators should be cleaned per chapter B6. Cartridges and all rags or material used to wipe down the respirator and/or tools should be immediately disposed of as asbestos waste per paragraph B0104d(2). Wash hands, tools and sprayer. h. The collected sample(s) should be submitted by mail or hand-delivered using the Navy Environmental Health Center industrial hygiene sample submission form. This form is found in reference B1-6. i. Upon receipt, the sample will be analyzed using polarizing light and dispersion staining microscopy, results recorded on the DD 1222 and returned to the requesting command. A return phone call of results may also be arranged.


Appendix B1-B

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR SHIP’S FORCE PROTOCOL

Replacement of Asbestos-Containing Gasket/Packing Material 1. Scope. This standard operating procedure covers the repair and/or replacement of asbestos-containing gaskets or packing in pumps or valves and the replacement of asbestos-containing gaskets in pipes. 2. Stowage. Store all quantities of asbestos-containing materials (ACM) in sealed impermeable containers or plastic bags and labeled as asbestos-containing material until needed for repair/replacement per paragraph B0104d(1). Manufacturer’s warning labels noting asbestos content are sufficient only if the materials are not removed from that packaging. Repackaged, unlabeled materials must have new labels applied. Similarly stow waste asbestos-containing materials for shore offload. Post storage areas with asbestos warning signs to advise personnel of asbestos presence per paragraph B0104b(3)(b). 3. Personal Protective Equipment. No personal protective equipment is required for this standard operating procedure. 4. Procedures

NOTE: Do not consume food or beverages, chew gum or tobacco, smoke, or apply cosmetics during asbestos-containing gasket/packing maintenance operations.

a. Use an impermeable drop cloth below the work area.

b. Thoroughly wet the gasket or packing material with water prior to removing. For gaskets, wetting should be accomplished after the joint is loosened.

c. Avoid cutting, abrading, or breaking the gasket or packing material. Remove the gasket or packing material intact, if possible.


B1-B-2

d. Place wet gasket or packing material into a disposal container and keep it wet until transferred to a closed receptacle.

NOTE:

A sealable, suitably sized plastic bag may be used for temporary stowage until transferred to an appropriately labeled container.

e. Remove any residue by scraping using wet methods.

NOTE:

Do not use power tools to remove gasket or packing residue.

f. Dispose of gasket or packing material and drop cloth as ACM. g. Replace all asbestos-containing materials with approved asbestos-free material, if available. If replacement material contains asbestos, prior to cutting new gasket or packing, thoroughly wet gasket or packing material; then cut. Once cut gasket or packing is in place, dispose of residual debris, continuing to use wet methods. Wipe up debris with damp rags. Gasket or packing material that is still useable shall be placed in asbestos-labeled container/bag and properly secured.

NOTE:

Wire-wound (flexitallic) gaskets with asbestos between rings need not be wetted prior to installation.

h. At the conclusion of work, either use a cleaner with a high efficiency, particulate air (HEPA) filter to vacuum all dusty surfaces or wet and wipe them down with a damp rag. Dispose of damp rag(s) as ACM.

i. Clean and decontaminate all tools with damp rags. Dispose of rags as ACM.

j. Personnel shall wash their hands upon completion of gasket or packing repairs/replacements and before eating and drinking, chewing gum or tobacco, or applying cosmetics.


B1-B-3

5. Offload. Offload the replaced gasket or packing material and any scrap materials as ACM. Handle all rags as asbestos waste. Handle drop cloths as ACM. Once asbestos waste is collected, place in red asbestos labeled bag and thoroughly wet all wastes. Tape-off the bag and place in second approved and appropriately-labeled bag (double bag). Seal up the second bag with tape and place in ACM-marked barrel/container for offload. Seal all bags with a “J” or goose-neck seal. Properly label the waste bag per all local requirements. 6. Medical Surveillance. Medical surveillance is not required for this operation. 7. Training. All personnel performing replacement of asbestos-containing gasket/packing material shall be trained on this standard operating procedure prior to performing any asbestos work. Accomplish training per paragraph B0109 and appendix B1-D. Training shall be accomplished as follows: For ships with no Emergency Asbestos Response Team (EART), this training shall be accomplished by the safety officer or engineering officer as on-the-job training using the standard operating procedures in this appendix. For ships with an EART, this training shall be accomplished by the safety officer or engineering officer, or a member of the EART that has successfully completed "Emergency Asbestos Response Team" (A-760-2166), as on-the-job training using the SOPs in this appendix. This training shall be documented in the member’s service record upon completion.


B1-B-4

Appendix B1-B


Limited Asbestos Floor Tile Removal 1. Scope. This standard operating procedure (SOP) covers removal of a limited amount of asbestos-containing floor tile. Limited amount is defined as nine square feet of tile (approximately nine tiles). The intent of this SOP is operational; not to improve the aesthetics of a space. 2. Stowage. Store all quantities of asbestos-containing materials (ACM) in sealed impermeable containers or plastic bags and labeled as asbestos-containing material until needed for repair/replacement (see paragraph B0104d(1)). Manufacturer’s warning labels noting asbestos content are sufficient only if the materials are not removed from that packaging. Repackaged, unlabeled materials must have new labels applied. Post storage areas with asbestos warning signs to advise personnel of the presence of asbestos per paragraph B0104b(3)(b). 3. Personal Protective Equipment

a. Respiratory Protection. No respiratory protective equipment is required for this standard operating procedure.

b. Gloves. Wear disposable gloves for this action. Surgical gloves are prohibited. 4. Procedures

a. Cordon off an area around the floor tile to be removed using rope or tape and appropriate signs.

NOTE: Do not consume food or beverages, chew gum or tobacco,

smoke, or apply cosmetics in the work area during maintenance operations.

b. Remove the floor tiles from the deck using a putty knife,

spatula, or other manual, hand-operated tool. Do not use power


B1-B-5

tools to remove floor tiles or mastic. Heat guns may be used to remove tiles. Avoid breaking the tiles, if possible.

c. Place removed floor tiles into a suitably colored and

marked container. d. If mastic will be removed from the deck, remove by

scraping using wet methods. Mastic remover may be required to remove all mastic. Ensure mastic remover is authorized by checking the Ships Hazardous Material List (SHML) or through written commanding officer authorization.

e. Offload tile and mastic as ACM.

f. Use non-asbestos-containing replacement tiles. If

replacement tiles contain asbestos, dispose of tile residue and debris as ACM. Wipe up debris with damp rags. Tile material that is still useable shall be replaced in asbestos-labeled container/bag and properly secured (see paragraph B0104d(1)).

g. At the conclusion of work, either HEPA vacuum all dusty surfaces or wet and wipe them down with a damp rag. Dispose of damp rag(s) as ACM.

h. Remove gloves and dispose of as ACM.

i. Clean all tools and decontaminate with damp rags. Dispose of rags as ACM.

j. Personnel shall wash their hands upon completion of tile/mastic removal action and before eating and drinking, chewing gum or tobacco, or applying cosmetics. 5. Offload. Dispose of removed tile and mastic material and any scrap materials as ACM. Handle all rags, disposable clothing, and respirator cartridges as ACM. Once all asbestos waste is collected, place in an impermeable ACM-labeled bag and thoroughly wet waste. Tape-off the bag and place in second approved and appropriately-labeled bag (double bag). Seal up the second bag with tape and place in ACM-marked barrel/container for offload. Seal all bags with a “J” or goose-neck seal. Properly label the waste bag per B0104b(3)(b).


B1-B-6

6. Medical Surveillance. Medical surveillance is not required for this type of operation. 7. Training. All personnel performing replacement of limited amounts of asbestos-containing floor tile shall be trained on this standard operating procedure prior to performing the operation. Accomplish training as follows: For ships with no EART, this training shall be accomplished by the safety officer or engineer officer as on-the-job training using the Standard Operating Procedures in this appendix. For ships with an EART, this training shall be accomplished by the safety officer or engineering officer, or a member of the EART that has successfully completed "Emergency Asbestos Response Team" (A-760-2166), as on-the-job training using the SOPs in this appendix. This training shall be documented in the member’s service record upon completion.


B1-B-7

Appendix B1-B


Preventive Maintenance on Brake Assemblies 1. Scope. This standard operating procedure covers brake planned maintenance system (PMS) on anchor windlass, capstan, and weight handling equipment (hoist, cranes, conveyors, elevators, winches, chainfalls, and come-a-longs) in which brakes are made of asbestos-containing materials. 2. Stowage. Store all quantities of ACM in impermeable, sealed containers or plastic bags and labeled as ACM until needed for repair/replacement. Manufacturer’s warning labels noting asbestos content are sufficient only if the materials are not removed from that packaging. Repackaged, unlabeled materials must have new labels applied. Post storage areas with asbestos warning signs to advise personnel of the presence of asbestos. 3. Personal Protective Equipment

a. Respiratory Protection. Wear a half-mask air-purifying respirator equipped with high efficiency filtering cartridges for this operation. Do not wear single-use disposable respirators. Ensure that the Respiratory Protection Manager (RPM) is fully involved in the selection and fit testing of all respirators.

NOTE: The command shall train, fit test and ensure that all

personnel have been medically cleared to wear a respirator before allowing any personnel to don a respirator.

b. Wear disposable impermeable coveralls (Tyvek® Type II or

equivalent) for this action. Seal the coveralls at the wrists, ankles, and neck. Wear disposable gloves to handle asbestos brake assemblies and tape gloves at the wrists.


B1-B-8

4. Procedures

a. Cordon off the area and hang appropriate signs identifying the asbestos hazard.

NOTE: Do not consume food or beverages, chew gum or tobacco,

smoke, or apply cosmetics in the work area during maintenance operations.

b. During brake maintenance activities, control access

to the space in which maintenance is being performed. This may require posting a Sailor at each entrance/exit to the space.

c. Use an impermeable drop cloth in the work area to assist in clean-up.

d. Do not use any equipment or perform any operation that

liberates fibers or creates dust (e.g., dry sweeping or using an air hose in the work area).

e. Before commencing work, either wet the area in which the

brake assembly is located or vacuum the area or both, whichever will be required to eliminate asbestos fibers or dust in the area. Use a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter vacuum to ensure the area is thoroughly clean and good housekeeping is maintained.

CAUTION:

Do not use low pressure air to blow dust out of the brake assembly area.

f. Commence preventive maintenance in brake assembly area including repair/replacement of asbestos-containing components. During maintenance, take care not to use power tools that may generate dust. If a power tool must be used, consult either the shipboard assistant safety officer (if aboard)/industrial hygiene officer for further guidance.


B1-B-9

g. At the conclusion of work, either HEPA vacuum all dusty surfaces or wet and wipe them down with a damp rag. Dispose of damp rag(s) as ACM.

h. Place all clothing removed in the reverse order it was applied. Dispose of coveralls as ACM.

i. Remove respirator last. Treat cartridges as ACM. The respirator face-piece shall be decontaminated and returned to proper storage.

j. Ensure all tools are cleaned and decontaminated with damp rags. Dispose of rags as ACM.

k. Personnel shall wash their hands upon completion of maintenance action and before eating and drinking, chewing gum or tobacco, or applying cosmetics.

l. Upon completion of all work, the safety officer shall inspect and clear the area using appendix B3-F prior to allowing general access to the space. 5. Offload. Offload the old brake pads and any scrap materials as ACM. Handle all rags, disposable clothing, respirator cartridges, and drop cloths as asbestos waste. Once all asbestos waste is collected, place in impermeable, appropriately-labeled bag and wet thoroughly. Tape off the bag and place in second approved and appropriately labeled bag (double bag). Seal up the second bag with tape and place in ACM-marked barrel/container for offload. Seal all bags with a “J” or goose-neck seal. Properly label the waste bag. 6. Medical Surveillance. Medical surveillance may be required for this asbestos operation. Placement of personnel into the asbestos medical surveillance program (AMSP) is based on past history and/or current exposure or potential exposure to asbestos. Placement into the AMSP is dependent upon industrial hygiene sampling data, and the determination of the medical department representative (MDR). 7. Training. All personnel performing brake assembly preventive maintenance shall be trained on this standard operating procedure prior to performing the operation. Accomplish training as follows:


B1-B-10

For ships with no EART, this training shall be accomplished by the safety officer or engineering officer as on-the-job training using the Standard Operating Procedures in this appendix. For ships with an EART, this training shall be accomplished by the safety officer or engineering officer, or a member of the EART that has successfully completed "Emergency Asbestos Response Team" (A-760-2166), as on-the-job training using the SOPs in this appendix. This training shall be documented in the member’s service record upon completion.


Appendix B1-C

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR EMERGENCY ASBESTOS RESPONSE TEAM (EART) PROTOCOL

1. General This SOP covers the emergency repair of asbestos-containing lagging. The intent of this SOP is for emergency asbestos lagging repair work, and is not for general maintenance or normal repair of asbestos lagging which must be conducted by an intermediate maintenance activity (IMA) or contractor personnel. 2. Personal Protective Equipment a. Respiratory Protection. A half-facepiece, continuous flow supplied air respirator shall be used.

NOTE:

All personnel wearing respiratory protective equipment shall be trained, fit tested, and medically cleared before donning a respirator.

b. Gloves. Wear disposable gloves for this action. Surgical gloves are prohibited as an outer glove. Surgical or patient exam gloves may be worn as an inner glove during removal operations.

c. Disposable Sacksuits. Wear impermeable coveralls (e.g.,

Tyvek® or equivalent disposable sacksuits) with integral booties and hood.

d. Boots. Wear rubber slip-resistant booties over the

Tyvek® booties. e. Tape. Duct tape shall be applied to wrists, ankles,

and around the respirator and hood opening. While other tapes may work, duct tape is recommended due to its superior adhesive properties.


B1-C-2

3. Procedures a. Obtain the commanding officer’s permission to remove asbestos for emergency repair. b. Brief the EART. c. Secure or redirect ventilation as necessary. d. Cordon off the area around the asbestos lagging to be removed using rope or tape and appropriate signs. e. Suit up team in required PPE ensuring that all openings are taped shut.

NOTE:

Do not consume food or beverages, chew gum or tobacco, smoke, or apply cosmetics during asbestos emergency repairs.

f. Use an impermeable drop cloth (polyethylene) below the work area. g. Glove bag procedure (1) Place any tools, encapsulant, etc., into glove bag before beginning securing operations. (2) Attach glove bag to area being worked. Be sure to securely close all seams on and around the glove bag with duct tape. (3) The glove bag should be tested for leaks using smoke tubes. Smoke tubes used in respiratory fit test procedures are ideal for this function. If leaks are found, secure with additional duct tape. (4) Ensure HEPA vacuum and amended water sprayer are attached to appropriate points on the glove bag and taped to prevent leaks. When using HEPA vacuum to obtain negative pressure in a glove bag, it will be extremely difficult to maintain a negative pressure and accomplish work simultaneously. It is recommended that negative pressure be used only upon the


B1-C-3

completion of the job, and when the glove bag is being removed from the repair site. h. Thoroughly wet lagging with the amended water prior to and during the removal operation. i. Remove the lagging as intact as possible. j. Clean bare pipe and seal off exposed insulation using approved encapsulation methods. k. Wash and wipe down inside of glove bag from top to bottom to remove potential fiber contamination. l. Remove any recoverable tools by holding onto them and pulling them out. The glove should now be inside out. Twist the glove and seal with duct tape. Cut glove from glove bag with scissors or sharp knife, and hold for later decontamination. m. Turn on HEPA vacuum and twist glove bag in the middle below the vacuum hose. Seal with duct tape and cut in two, cutting in the middle of the tape. Place this into an approved and appropriately labeled disposal bag. n. Disconnect rest of glove bag and place into asbestos disposal bag. o. Replace all asbestos-containing lagging with non-asbestos containing lagging. p. Either HEPA vacuum and/or wet and wipe any dusty or potentially contaminated surfaces with a damp rag. Dispose of rags as ACM. q. Clean and decontaminate all tools with damp rags. Dispose of rags as ACM.

r. Pick up drop cloth and dispose of as ACM. s. Remove rubber booties and decontaminate with wet rags. Dispose of rags as ACM. t. Remove the coveralls and dispose of as ACM. It is recommended that the arms be turned inside out, then roll the


B1-C-4

suit down the body, and pull the legs inside out. This keeps contamination on the suit and away from the body. u. Remove gloves by turning them inside out, and dispose of as ACM. v. Remove respirator and decontaminate using warm soapy water. w. Personnel shall shower upon completion of asbestos removal action and before eating and drinking, chewing gum or applying cosmetics. 4. Disposal. Dispose of glove bag, PPE, any scrap materials, all rags, and drop cloths as ACM. Once ACM is collected, place in an impermeable bag and thoroughly wet all wastes. Tape off the bag and place in a second approved and appropriately labeled bag (double bag). Seal up the second bag with tape and place in asbestos waste barrel/container for offload. Seal all bags with a "J" or goose neck seal. 5. Medical Surveillance. Medical surveillance is required for the EART. 6. Training. Personnel designated to be on the EART shall be trained through the two-day Emergency Asbestos Response Team (A-760-2166) offered through the Naval Occupational Safety and Health, and Environmental Training Center (NAVOSHENVTRACEN). 7. Conflicts. Application of asbestos-control requirements shall not be allowed to compromise the requirements for control of radioactive contamination in naval nuclear-powered ships as contained in NAVSEA 0389-LP-028-8000, Radiological Controls for Shipyards. Should conflicts be discovered, submit a proposed resolution to COMNAVSEASYSCOM (SEA 08).


Appendix B1-D

TRAINING REQUIREMENTS FOR SHIP'S FORCE PROTOCOL

Navy

Personnel Training

Requirement

Citation


Required

Requirement Formality Resource for

Training

Length of

Training

Periodicity

All personnel performing non-friable asbestos work: • Limited

asbestos-containing floor tile removal

• Asbestos-containing gasket replacement

• Asbestos-containing brake assembly maintenance

B0104g

Asbestos removal procedures detailed in Appendix B1-B

Mandatory

Informal

For ships with no EART(See NOTE 1) For ships with an EART (See NOTE2)

TBD

On-the-job training


B1-D-2

Navy Personnel Training

Requirement

Citation


Required


Training

Length of

Training

Periodicity

All personnel performing preventive maintenance on brake assemblies

Appendix B1-B, chapter B6

Respirator fit-testing, selection, and maintenance

Mandatory

Informal

RPM

TBD

Prior to donning a respirator, and annually thereafter

Detailed information regarding class schedules, quotas, etc. can be found on the NAVOSHETC website at http://www.safetycenter.navy.mil/training NOTE 1 For ships with no Emergency Asbestos Response Team (EART), this training shall be accomplished by the safety officer or engineering officer as on-the-job training using the Standard Operating Procedures in appendix B1-B. NOTE 2 For ships with an EART, this training shall be accomplished by the safety officer or engineering officer, or a member of the EART that has successfully completed “Emergency Asbestos Response Team” A-760-2166, as on-the-job training using the Standard Operating Procedures in appendix B1-B.



Appendix B1-E

TRAINING REQUIREMENT FOR ASBESTOS-RELATED WORK

Emergency Asbestos Response Team Navy

Personnel Training

Requirement

Citation


Required


Training

Length of

Training

Periodicity

EART Personnel performing glove bag asbestos removal

B0114

“Emergency Asbestos Response Team” A-760-2166

Mandatory

Formal Classroom

NAVOSHENVTRACEN

2 days

Initially. No refresher required.

EART Personnel performing glove bag asbestos removal

Appendix B1-C chapter B6

Respirator fit-testing, selection, and maintenance

Mandatory

Informal

RPM

TBD

Prior to donning a respirator, and annually thereafter

Detailed information regarding class schedules, quotas, etc., can be found on the NAVOSHETC website at http://www.safetycenter.navy.mil/training.



Appendix B1-F

WORKPLACE RELEASE CHECKLIST Upon completion of an asbestos repair or removal, use this checklist to inspect the asbestos work area. This inspection is a critical part of the asbestos removal operation. Failure to satisfactorily complete the inspection, which includes correction of all deficiencies observed, may result in asbestos exposure long after the project is completed. Complete this inspection prior to disestablishment of the asbestos work area. The department performing the asbestos work must retain a copy of the checklist with other records of the removal.

Provide the inspector with a standard flashlight equipped with fresh batteries, a complete set of personal protective equipment, including respirator (where applicable), required for entry into the asbestos work area. Do not begin the inspection until all surfaces within the regulated area are dry and visibly cleared of dust and debris to ensure that any contamination can be observed. Inspector:

Last 4: (SSN)

Asbestos Removal Team Supervisor:

Date: Time: Area Inspected:

Ship’s Name:

Hull No.:


B1-F-2

SAT UNSAT 1 All surfaces within the regulated area are

free of visible dust and debris. Use mirrors, flashlights, and other tools to accomplish this inspection. Inspect cable ways to the extent possible without disturbing the wires.

2 Asbestos work area is still secured and properly posted.

3 All asbestos waste is properly sealed in leak tight containers that are labeled with proper warning label (paragraph B0104b(3)(b).

4 All asbestos containing material that was to have been removed has been removed.

5 Surfaces exposed by the asbestos removal operation are free of all visible contaminants, rust, and scale. If rust and scale are present and can not be removed they must be encapsulated. This inspection requires that the exposed surface be disturbed to see if there is any residue. This may be accomplished with a screwdriver, scratch awl, or other pointed device.

6 IMA protocol only – The project is considered complete if samples collected are no greater than 0.01 f/cc or background, whichever is greater, as measured prior to starting the non-emergency asbestos abatement, but never greater than 0.1 f/cc.

I certify that the inspection is satisfactory and the regulated area may be released from asbestos controls for unrestricted access. Signature: _______________________ Date/Time: ________________ Signature Authority: EART protocol: Safety officer signature required Ship’s force protocol: Department head or division officer


Appendix B1-G

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE AND SPECIAL EQUIPMENT

Ship’s Force Performing Non-Friable Asbestos Repair and Removal

Operation Required Personal Protective Equipment Special Equipment

Hood Respirator Gloves Tyvek® (or equivalent coveralls)

HEPA Vacuum

Limited Floor Tile/Mastic Removal

√

optional

Brakes/Clutch Assemblies

√

√*

√

√

√

Replacement of Gaskets/ Packing materials

optional

* For work covered by this protocol, the worker will wear a half-face, air-purifying respirator with high efficiency filtering cartridge. The RPM will determine the type of respirator required for each work process.

Type, quantity, specific ordering information for this PPE is found in appendix B1-H Gloves: Use medium weight rubber gloves with a thin cotton "under glove" to absorb perspiration. See appendix B1-H for national stock numbers (NSNs) for this and all associated PPE and equipment.

NOTE:

Critical watchstanders, personnel who must remain in the immediate area, due to watch standing requirements, where asbestos repair or removal is being conducted, are required to wear the same PPE as those persons performing the asbestos work.


Appendix B1-H

AUTHORIZED EQUIPAGE LIST FOR ASBESTOS WORK PROTOCOLS

AEL 2-330024045

NOMENCLATURE

NSN U/I

SHIP’S FORCE

EART

Bag, Disposal Red Plastic 55 GAL Cap

8105-01-086-5053

BX

1

1

Cooling Assembly

4240-01-083-3399

KT

0

3

Ambient Air Breathing Apparatus, Electric

4310-01-106-4121

EA

0

0

Warning Signs

9905-01-345-4519

EA

OAR*

OAR*

Coveralls, Disposable, sacksuit w/shoes and hood, Large

8415-01-092-7531

BX

0

1

Coveralls, Disposable, sacksuit w/shoes and hood, X-Large

8415-01-092-7532

BX

0

1

Glove Inserts, Surgeons

6515-01-354-3157

PG

10

20

Gloves, Clean Room, Medium

8415-01-399-0704

PG

10

20

Gloves, Clean Room, Large 8415-01-399-0702

PG 10

20

Overshoes, Rubber Medium

8430-00-421-7487

PR

0

6


B1-H-2

NOMENCLATURE

NSN

U/I

SHIP’S FORCE

EART

Overshoes, Rubber Large 8430-00-421-7488 PR 0 6 Sprayer, Insecticide

3740-00-191-3677

EA

0

1

Spray Bottle, Plastic

8125-00-488-7952

EA

4

4

Duct Tape

5640-00-103-2254

RO

0

20

Plastic Sheeting, 6 mil

8135-00-579-6486

RO

0

2

Paper Towels, Absorbent 7920-00-823-9772

BX

1

2

Finger Grip Saw

5110-00-570-6896

EA

0

2

Keyhole Saw

5110-00-142-5010

EA

0

2

Nylon Brush

7920-00-324-2746

EA

0

2

Scouring Pad

7920-00-753-5242

EA

0

3

EAB Modification Kit for Submarines

4240-01-077-5994

EA

0

6

Ventilation Smoke Tube Kit (for glovebags)

MSA 458481

EA

0

1

Glass Smoke Tubes (10/PKG)

MSA 5645

PG

0

2


B1-H-3

Negative Air Unit, Abatement Technologies, HEPA-Aire 1000, Part Number H1000V Replacement Parts: H1001 Primary Filter Pads, 30/cs. H1002-12 Pleated Secondary Filters, 12/cs. H1010E Wood Frame 99.97% HEPA, 1/cs.

Open Purchase: Abatement Technologies 3305 Breckenridge Blvd. #118 Duluth, GA 30136 1-800-634-9091

EA

0

0

Magnehelic Gauge

6685-00-910-6964

EA

0

0

HEPA Vacuum: Hako Minuteman Wet/Dry, 15-gallon capacity; C83985-05/-16. Replacement parts: *800317 Crush-proof Hose *800015 Wand (Operator’s Handle) *800070 Gulper Tool *800024 Round Dust Brush *800116 Swivel Connector *110121PKG Impact Filters (12/Pkg.) *805037PKG Plastic Bags (12/Pkg.) *805038PKG Filter Protectors (12/Pkg.) 110010 HEPA Filter Replacement (85" Water Lift) Lid Assembly

GSA Contract Number: GS-07F-8158B

EA

0

0


B1-H-4

110001 HEPA Filter Replacement (105"/130" Water Lift) Filter Replacement *Note: Items with an asterisk (*) are included as part of No. 800109, Wet/Dry Tool Kit 30B. OR HEPA Vacuum: Nilfisk VT60 Wet/Dry,5 to 15-gallon capacity; *01799350/375101 Replacement Parts: *01722601 Impact Filter (washable)*017383 Main Filter Finger Tubes (washable) *616821 Microfilter *017840 Trolley Assembly *01727631 HEPA Cartridge *017196 10-foot Plastic Hose (1.5") *017193 Double-Curved Aluminum Wand *017192 14-inch Wheeled Floor Nozzle *0171941 3-inch Aluminum Dust Brush *017195 11-inch Plastic Crevice Nozzle

GSA Contract Number: GS-07F-8356C

EA

0

0


B1-H-5

*017191 Container Polyliners (25/Pkg.) *Note: Items with an asterisk (*) are included as part of item number 01799350/375101. NOTE: See Appendices B1-I for PPE requirements for Ship’s Force Protocol and B1-K for requirements for PPE requirements for Emergency Asbestos Response Team Protocol. *OAR – Order As Required


Appendix B1-I

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE AND SPECIAL EQUIPMENT

Emergency Asbestos Response Team Performing Glove Bag ACM Removal

Required Personal Protective

Equipment Special Equipment

Tyvek® or Equivalent

Operation C

overalls

Hood

Booties

Z-87 Safety Goggles

Respirator

Gloves

HEPA Vacuum

Cooling Assembly

Finger Grip Saw

Keyhole Saw

Glove Bag Procedures ONLY

<3 linear feet of pipe insulation or 1 square foot of insulation on surfaces other than pipes

√

√**

√**

√

√*

√

√

√

√

√

* The RPM will determine the type of respirator required for each work process. If the concentration of airborne asbestos is unknown, use a full face, continuous flow supplied air respirator. The self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) respirator meets this requirement. ** Type II Tyvek® (or equivalent) coveralls have hood and booties attached, therefore, separate hoods and shoe coverings are not required with this PPE.


B1-I-2

Type, quantity, specific ordering information (NSN information) is found in appendix B1-H. Information contained in appendix B1-H is taken from AEL 2-330024045. Gloves: Use medium weight rubber gloves with a thin cotton "under glove" to absorb perspiration. See appendix B1-H for the national stock numbers (NSNs) for this and all associated PPE and equipment.

NOTE:

The proper use of protective clothing requires that all openings be closed and that garments fit snugly about the neck, wrists, and ankles. Accordingly, tape the wrist and ankle junctions, as well as the collar opening on the outer disposable coveralls to prevent contamination of skin and underclothing without restricting physical movement.

NOTE:

Critical watchstanders, personnel who must remain in the immediate area, due to watchstanding requirements, where asbestos repair or removal is being conducted, are required to wear the same PPE as those personnel performing the asbestos work, and at least a half-mask, air-purifying respirator with a high efficiency filtering cartridge.

FOR SUBMARINES

Personnel performing asbestos work shall wear an emergency air breathing (system) (EAB) modified to replace the demand regulator (see AELs 2-330023-47, 2-33034070, and 2-330024045 for EAB kit information). Watchstanders in the same compartment as the work being performed may wear an unmodified EAB mask.


Appendix B1-J

ASBESTOS REPAIR OR REMOVAL PRE-WORK BRIEF

To be conducted jointly between the IMA and the vessel receiving asbestos repair or removal support. Prior to conducting asbestos repair or removal operations on a ship, the IMA will conduct a pre-work briefing with the engineering officer, safety officer, division officer and/or work-center supervisor of the department of the ship receiving the asbestos work. The briefing will include at least the following: 1. A listing of all spaces that will be affected by the asbestos work. These will include the spaces used for shower facilities if they are required. 2. A discussion of the asbestos controls that will be used to accomplish the work. This will include:

a. The exact location of the asbestos regulated area boundaries.

b. The requirement to secure ship’s ventilation in the area

of the removal operation and its effect on the ship and personnel.

c. Disposal of any waste generated and who will be

responsible for its disposal. Normally this will be the receiving ship.

d. Air monitoring that will be accomplished and how the

results of the general area monitoring will be conveyed to the receiving ship.

3. A discussion of any vital watchstanders the receiving ship may require to remain in the asbestos regulated area. The IMA and the receiving ship will mutually agree to the need for these watchstanders. 4. The planned times that the asbestos area will be isolated and entry restricted. Any additional aspects of the planned work that either party feels should be discussed.


CHAPTER B2

HEAT STRESS

B0201. DISCUSSION

a. This chapter establishes Navy policy and procedures for the control of personnel exposure to heat stress and applies to all ships, including submarines. Ships shall not expose personnel to excessive heat stress and shall provide a shipboard work environment that minimizes the probability of such exposure.

b. This chapter applies to heat stress control and

personnel protection for most shipboard operating conditions. It does not apply for the determination of heat exposure limits specifically for personnel wearing layered or impermeable clothing such as chemical/biological warfare clothing, fire fighting protective clothing or ensemble, or chemical protective clothing (worn for use during clean-up of hazardous material spills) or any type of body cooling garment or device.

c. Heat stress is any combination of air temperature, thermal radiation, humidity, airflow, workload, and health conditions that may stress the body as it attempts to regulate body temperature. Ships can determine maximum exposure limits for various environmental conditions and individual work rates. Adherence to these maximal heat exposure guidelines can prevent or reduce the adverse physiological effects of heat stress. Sufficient recovery time in a cool environment will help reverse the harmful effects of heat stress. Recognizing personnel heat stress symptoms and obtaining prompt medical attention for affected persons is an all hands responsibility.

d. To obtain accurate and reliable data on heat stress conditions, ships shall conduct heat stress surveys to record dry-bulb (DB), wet-bulb (WB), and globe temperature (GT) readings. They must take DB and WB temperature with both thermometers shielded from radiant heat and the WB also must be properly ventilated to determine the effects of airflow. Measurement is accomplished by means of a globe thermometer that provides a value representing radiant and convection heat transfers to or from the body. The Navy uses either a wet-bulb-


B2-2

globe temperature (WBGT) meter or an automated heat stress system (AHSS) to measure each of the above temperatures. The WBGT index is calculated using dry bulb, wet-bulb, and globe temperature. The WBGT index and physical exertion level are used determine how long an individual may be exposed safely to heat stress conditions. Appendix B2-A presents this information in a columnar format by means of the physiological heat exposure limits (PHEL) tables.

e. While heat stress conditions can occur anywhere on board a ship, machinery spaces, laundries, sculleries, galleys, incinerator rooms, flight decks, and steam catapult rooms are the most likely to have conditions that may cause heat stress. Conditions of elevated heat stress include operations in hot and humid climates, arduous physical tasks, steam and water leaks, boiler air casing leaks, missing or deteriorated thermal insulation, and ventilation system deficiencies. In addition, other factors that reduce physical stamina and enhance susceptibility to heat stress illness are dehydration, lack of sleep, illness, use of medication, drugs, alcohol, and the presence of atmospheric contaminants such as combustion gases or fuel vapors.

f. PHEL curve stay-time guidance is not limited to watchstanders, but applies to all personnel present in the workspace. Exposure time for personnel completing their watch rotation but returning to the workspace to perform other duties (i.e., repairs, PMS) may be limited by the existing heat stress conditions. Additionally, the recovery time guidance provided in section B0204(d) may require a specific rest/recovery time out of the workspace between intervals of working in the space and standing the watch in the workspace.

g. Heat Acclimatization. In most individuals, continued (i.e., daily) exposure to heat stress causes a series of physiologic adaptations called acclimatization, whereby the body becomes more efficient in coping with the heat stress. Heat acclimatization occurs gradually, usually requiring three weeks or more (although most of the process occurs in the first week).


B2-3

B0202. RESPONSIBILITIES

a. The commanding officer shall:

(1) Establish and enforce an effective heat stress policy that ensures personnel heat exposures are limited per this chapter except in an operational emergency.

(2) Review and initial daily, heat stress surveys that result in reduced stay times.

(3) Conduct an inquiry into the circumstances

surrounding all heat injuries that result in unconsciousness. (4) Report to the immediate superior in command (ISIC)

those material deficiencies, beyond ship’s force capability to correct, which contribute to heat stress conditions aboard the ship.

(5). Report heat stress related cases as specified in

paragraph B0204f. (6) For ships without an automated heat stress system

(AHSS) installed, ensure at least two portable, calibrated, and operable WBGT meters are available onboard.

(7) If an AHSS is installed, maintain at least one

portable, calibrated, and operable WBGT meter on-board in the event that the automated system should fail.

b. The medical department representative (MDR) shall:

(1) Review all engineering and non-engineering heat

stress surveys to determine obvious inaccuracies, reduced PHEL stay times, and any personnel protective actions being taken. Submit heat stress surveys that result in reduced stay times to the commanding officer daily for review.

(2) Provide training to divisions on heat stress

health hazards, symptoms, prevention, and first aid procedures, upon request.

(3) Prepare reports of heat stress related cases as

specified in paragraph B0204f.


B2-4

(4) For submarines, the MDR conducts heat stress

surveys in engineering spaces.

c. The engineering officer/reactor officer shall:

(1) Ensure dry-bulb thermometers are installed per paragraph B0204b(1) and temperatures are monitored and recorded per paragraph B0204b(3) and (4).

(2) Assign and qualify engineering department

personnel to perform heat stress surveys in engineering spaces. (3) Assign and qualify supervisors to review dry-bulb

temperatures or access AHSS readings and take the required actions per paragraph B0204.

(4) Review heat stress surveys and ensure stay times

for engineering/reactor personnel are being properly determined as specified in paragraph B0205. Limit personnel heat exposures accordingly, except as approved by the commanding officer in an operational emergency.

(5) If maintenance or repair is required, record all

heat stress related deficiencies on current ship’s maintenance project (CSMP). Appendix B2-B provides heat stress trouble-shooting and recommended repair actions.

d. The supply officer, air boss, and other department heads shall:

(1) Ensure dry-bulb thermometers are installed per paragraph B0204b(1) and temperatures are monitored and recorded per paragraph B0204b(3) and (4).

(2) May assign and qualify departmental personnel to

conduct heat stress surveys or access AHSS readings of departmental spaces. Qualification of personnel shall be as specified in paragraph B0206b.

(3) Ensure the heat stress surveyor conducts heat

stress surveys per B0204c(4) and B0204c(5).


B2-5

(4) Assign and qualify supervisors to review dry-bulb temperatures or access AHSS readings and take the required actions per paragraph B0204.

(5) Review heat stress surveys and ensure stay times

for personnel are being properly determined as specified in paragraph B0205. Limit personnel heat exposures accordingly, except as approved by the commanding officer in an operational emergency.


heat stress related deficiencies on current ship’s maintenance project (CSMP). Appendix B2-B provides heat stress trouble-shooting and recommended repair actions.

e. Division officers shall:

(1) Limit personnel heat exposures per established stay times, except as approved by the commanding officer in an operational emergency.


heat stress related deficiencies on Current Ship’s Maintenance Project (CSMP). Appendix B2-B provides heat stress trouble-shooting and recommended repair actions.

f. Heat-stress surveyors shall:

(1) Be personal qualification standard (PQS) qualified per NAVEDTRA 43460-4B, heat stress monitor.

(2) Perform heat stress surveys as required by

paragraph B0204.

g. All hands shall:

(1) Obtain prompt medical attention for personnel who exhibit heat stress symptoms.

(2) Follow recommended work practices and procedures

for controlling heat stress hazards. (3) All hands are required to complete heat stress

training upon reporting aboard.


B2-6

B0203. HEAT STRESS ELEMENTS

a. Monitoring and surveying of heat stress conditions. (See paragraph B0204.)

b. Establishing safe work schedules in heat stress environments. (See paragraph B0205.)

c. Investigating and reporting personnel heat injuries. (See paragraph B0204f and reference B2-1.)

d. Training. (See paragraph B0206.)

e. Recordkeeping. (See paragraph B0204c(3)(f).) B0204. HEAT STRESS MONITORING AND SURVEYING

a. Definitions:

(1) Monitoring. Observing and recording temperatures of dry bulb (DB) thermometers at specified watch and/or workstations.

(2) Surveys. Use a WBGT meter or AHSS to measure DB,

WB, and GT, and compute the WBGT index to determine the amount of time it is safe to work in a given space. Personnel conducting a survey shall validate the WBGT index using the following formula:

WBGT = (0.1 x DB) + (0.7 x WB) + (0.2 x GT)

(3) Heat Stress Surveyor. A trained person assigned

to conduct or review AHSS readings for any required surveys.

b. Heat Stress Monitoring:

(1) Dry-Bulb Thermometer Positioning. A hanging DB thermometer (alcohol in glass - NSN 9G-6685-00-243-9964) shall be permanently mounted at watch and workstations throughout the ship where heat stress conditions may exist. Evaluation and designation of potential heat stress areas is part of the industrial hygiene survey. A DB thermometer shall also be mounted in non-air conditioned spaces, not normally manned, in which personnel may have to periodically work or conduct


B2-7

maintenance, such as storerooms. These thermometers shall be mounted in a position so they indicate the most accurate representative temperature for the area where workers/watchstanders spend the majority of their time. Placement of the DB thermometers may be in or out of the ventilation air stream but must be hung at least two feet from any supply ventilation terminal/opening. Thermometers shall be hung with a non-heat conducting material such as plastic tie-wrap or string (never hang with metal wire) and positioned to minimize the influence of any adjacent or local heat or cold sources (avoid direct contact between thermometer and hot/cold structural surfaces). If the difference between the hanging DB thermometer and the DB temperature measured with the WBGT meter, during a survey, is five degrees Fahrenheit or greater at any watch or workstation, then the DB thermometer is not representative of the temperature at the workstation. DB thermometers do not require calibration, so if found inaccurate, the hanging DB must be relocated, replaced, or validated by aligning the etch mark with the freezing point (32 degrees Fahrenheit). A DB thermometer shall be temporarily mounted to monitor conditions where repairs or maintenance are being performed in a heat stress area. The ship shall install DB thermometers, at a minimum, in main machinery spaces, auxiliary machinery spaces, emergency diesel spaces and other engineering spaces containing heat sources, as well as in laundries, dry cleaning plants, sculleries, galleys, bake shops, and steam catapult spaces.

NOTE

“No Calibration Required” (NCR) stickers are not required to be placed on DB thermometers.

(2) Automated Heat Stress System. The AHSS units

shall be mounted in a position so they indicate the most accurate representative temperature for the area where workers/watchstanders spend the majority of their time. The AHSS units shall be positioned so as to avoid interference with space activity. If ventilation is present at the workstation where an AHSS unit will be installed, then the sensor should be located in relation to the ventilation duct such that airflow to the sensor does not exceed 600 fpm.


B2-8

NOTE

Dry-bulb thermometers must still be mounted on ships with AHSS. The ability to conduct manual dry-bulb reading procedures must be available in the event that access to the data on the AHSS workstation is unavailable due to power failure, securing of the workspace, etc.

(3) Dry-Bulb Temperature Readings. The ship shall

record DB temperature readings when the ship is underway or when potential heat stress conditions exist while in port. The ship shall monitor the following compartments when manned: main machinery spaces, (fire rooms and engine rooms), auxiliary machinery spaces, emergency diesel spaces, laundry spaces, sculleries, galleys, bake shops, and steam catapult spaces. Assigned personnel shall monitor compartments as follows:

(a) Every four hours for manned spaces if DB temperatures do not exceed 85 degrees Fahrenheit.

(b) Every hour for manned spaces if DB

temperatures exceed 85 degrees Fahrenheit. (c) Every hour at temporary installations where

the DB temperature exceeds 85 degrees Fahrenheit during repair or maintenance operations.

(4) Dry-Bulb Temperature Recording

(a) Hanging DB temperatures shall be recorded on a prepared paper log form and reviewed by the space supervisor (e.g., machinist mate of the watch (MMOW), galley captain). If a DB temperature exceeds 100 degrees Fahrenheit (watch/work length four hours or less), or 90 degrees Fahrenheit (watch/work length greater than four hours), or 85 degrees Fahrenheit (in the scullery) per paragraph B0204c(4)(a), the space supervisor shall circle (in red) the DB reading and immediately notify the watch supervisor (e.g., engineering officer of-the-watch (EOOW), division officer, etc.). The watch supervisor shall direct heat stress surveys to be conducted and enforce the resulting stay times.

(b) The space supervisor (e.g., MMOW, galley

captain) shall record and review the DB temperatures for the


B2-9

AHSS either as part of the centralized data acquisition system, or as printed copies. The space supervisor shall initial in the appropriate box and check the appropriate notation in the computer log. If a DB temperature exceeds the temperature per paragraph B0204c(4)(a), the space supervisor shall immediately notify the watch supervisor (e.g., EOOW, division officer). The watch supervisor shall direct heat stress surveys to be conducted and enforce the resulting stay times.

c. Heat Stress Surveys - WBGT Meter

(1) The heat stress surveyor determines environmental

heat stress conditions using the WBGT meter (Model RSS 220, NSN 7G-6685-01-055-5298 or heat stress monitor - Model 960, NSN 3H-6665-01-333-2590), or the AHSS which provides a computer display, hard drive storage and printout of the heat stress information. Each method measures dry-bulb, wet-bulb, and globe temperature and integrates them into a single heat stress value, the WBGT index. Appendix B2-C, Use of the WBGT Meter, provides detailed information and procedures regarding the proper use and care of the WBGT meter. The surveyor uses the WBGT index, along with the individual’s physical exertion level, to determine the permissible heat exposure limits referred to as the physiological heat exposure limits or PHEL stay times.

NOTE

The operating range for the RSS-220 and Vista Model 960 WBGT meters is 65 degrees Fahrenheit to 150 degrees Fahrenheit. The operating range for the AHSS is 32 degrees Fahrenheit to 150 degrees Fahrenheit and 10% to 95% relative humidity. Use of these meters outside of this range will not provide accurate temperature measurements.

(2) Measurement Techniques

(a) When surveying a work or watch station using

the WBGT meter, the surveyor shall position the meter where the worker/watchstander would normally stand or where the intended work is to be performed, with ventilation arranged to provide normal ventilation at that location. For specific operating instructions, see appendix B2-C paragraph 3.


B2-10

(b) The heat stress surveyor shall conduct the first WBGT measurement in the workspace after the meter has been in the space five minutes to enable it to equilibrate to the surrounding area. As the meter is moved from one site to another, the meter should be at each site for three minutes to allow for stabilization of the first reading (DB) in the series to be taken. To determine when each sensor has stabilized, the monitor should watch the 0.1 degrees Fahrenheit digit of the display. When the 0.1 degrees Fahrenheit digit stops changing or when it oscillates between a larger or smaller value, the sensor has stabilized and the value can be recorded. (If oscillating, always record the higher of the two values).

(c) Where AHSS units are used, watchstanders

should take care not to shield the automated WBGT sensor from airflow or heat sources so that readings reflect an accurate watchstander stay time.

(3) Recording and Reporting Survey Results:

(a) The heat stress surveyor shall record all non-automated survey readings to the nearest 0.1 degrees Fahrenheit on a heat stress survey sheet similar to the OPNAV 5100/17 form available at Navy Forms on-line at http://forms.daps.dla.mil. The surveyor shall use the WBGT index reading to determine the PHEL stay time per section B0205. The surveyor shall record the PHEL curve used and the corresponding exposure time on the survey sheet. Upon completion of the survey and determination of PHEL stay times, the heat stress surveyor shall note any stay times for manned watch or workstations that, under routine conditions, are less than the watch or work period. The surveyor shall circle these readings on the sheet in red. The surveyor shall notify space supervisors and responsible department heads immediately of the reduced exposure times. If a survey results in a PHEL stay time which is less than the work or watch period, the department head responsible for the space shall promptly notify the commanding officer of the condition, indicating action being taken to protect personnel and/or to reduce the excessive heat-stress situation.

(b) The heat stress surveyor shall print all

automated survey readings on a pre-formatted Heat Stress Survey Sheet. The surveyor shall circle in red, on the Heat Stress Survey Sheet, any PHEL stay times for manned watch or


B2-11

workstations that, under routine conditions, are less than the watch or work period. The heat stress surveyor shall notify workspace supervisors and responsible department heads immediately of the reduced exposure times. The department head shall promptly notify the commanding officer of the condition, indicating personnel protective action being taken, and action, if any, to reduce the excessive heat stress situation.

(c) Ships shall use a heat stress survey sheet in

a format similar to the OPNAV 5100/17 form available at Navy Forms on-line at http://forms.daps.dla.mil to record heat stress information. Ships using a database or the AHSS may use a computer printout for the heat stress survey sheet. The surveyor shall record the following heat stress information on the heat stress survey sheet manual or computer printout: 1. Date and time of survey; 2. In the follow-on survey form, identify a time and temperature; 3. Stations surveyed, including the following information for each station: a. Time WBGT measurement was taken at the location; b. Hanging DB temperature. Not required for the automated system; c. WBGT meter readings for DB, WB, GT, and WBGT; d. PHEL curve for the station and the corresponding exposure time.

NOTE

Only the column that pertains to the current watch/work situation needs to be completed (e.g., all four columns do not need to be filled in).

4. The heat stress surveyor shall check to ensure that the WB < DB; GT ≥ DB; and WB < WBGT < GT. Once this is verified then the heat-stress surveyor shall manually calculate the highest WBGT index obtained using the formula:


B2-12

WBGT = (0.1 x DB) + (0.7 x WB) + (0.2 x GT) The surveyor shall compare calculated WBGT to the meter WBGT and the two readings shall be within 0.2 degrees Fahrenheit. A manual calculation of the WBGT value is not required with the AHSS.

(d) The heat stress surveyor shall note any material deficiencies that may be contributing to adverse heat stress conditions and record them on the survey sheet. Additionally, personnel shall comment on the availability of drinking water on the survey sheet.

(e) The surveyor shall record the hanging DB

temperatures on the heat stress survey sheet. If the difference between the hanging DB thermometer and the DB temperature measured with the WBGT meter, during a survey, is five degrees Fahrenheit (°F) or greater at any watch or workstation, the DB thermometer is not representative of the temperature at the workstation. Relocate, replace or validate the hanging DB by aligning the etch mark with the freezing point (32 degrees Fahrenheit). Comparing the hanging DB temperature values with the AHSS DB values is not required.

(f) Following the department head’s review, all

Heat Stress Survey Sheets, including engineering, shall be delivered to the MDR. The MDR shall review all engineering and non-engineering heat stress surveys to determine obvious inaccuracies, reduced PHEL stay times, and any personnel protective actions being taken and submit heat stress survey sheets daily to the commanding officer. The commanding officer shall initial the survey sheets, and return the sheets to the MDR. The MDR shall retain heat stress surveys sheets for one-year.

(4) Space Surveys. Ships shall conduct the survey of spaces for heat stress using the WBGT meter or the AHSS:

(a) At all manned watch/workstations within the

space whenever the temperature from a permanently mounted hanging DB thermometer reaches or exceeds the following temperature requirements:


B2-13

PHEL I through III Watch/Work length 4 hours or less DB => 100°F Watch/Work length greater than 4 hours DB => 90°F PHEL IV through VI DB = 85°F.

NOTES:

1. Daily WBGT space surveys at the hottest time of the day are no longer required. 2. Shipboard conditions cannot be adequately addressed by a single dry bulb value. For watches longer than four hours or activity levels greater than PHEL III, a 100 degrees Fahrenheit temperature would miss potentially serious heat stress conditions. The values listed above take into consideration likely levels of relative humidity, watch duration’s, and levels of activity. Under normal operations, routine watches in engineering spaces are expected to be four hours at a PHEL III or lower. PHEL IV through VI apply to above average work rates.

(b) In any space when a heat injury (heat exhaustion or heat stroke) occurs. (c) Prior to conducting engineering casualty control (ECC) drills: 1. If the drill-set exceeds three hours (not required in spaces not affected by the drill or in areas that are unmanned), 2. If already in a reduced stay time, the surveyor shall use the most current heat stress survey and calculate stay times for ECC watchstanders using the ECC PHEL values in appendix B2-A. The length of the exercises cannot exceed the watch PHEL stay times. (d) In any space when the commanding officer determines that a heat stress situation may occur. (e) As required for follow-on surveys (see paragraph B0204.c(5)).


B2-14

(5) Follow-on Surveys. Once a heat stress survey has been conducted, follow-on surveys for the remainder of that day shall be accomplished as identified below. Surveys on the next day shall be conducted according to paragraph B0204.c(4). Follow-on surveys shall be accomplished using the WBGT meter as follows: (a) For engineering spaces on nuclear, gas turbine and diesel powered ships. 1. If the survey resulted in a PHEL stay time greater than the duration of the normal watch or work period and did not require a change from the normal watch/work time. No further follow-on surveys are required unless the hanging DB temperature increases by more than five degrees Fahrenheit from the hanging dry bulb temperature in the previous survey. 2. If the survey resulted in a PHEL stay time less than the duration of the manned watch or workstation then the watch/work times shall be adjusted to reflect the new PHEL stay times indicated by the WBGT. A follow-on survey is only required if the DB temperature increases by five degrees Fahrenheit or more from the hanging DB temperature in the previous survey. If the hanging DB temperature drops below the value in paragraph B0204c(4) and return to a normal watch/work time is desired, a survey shall be conducted to ensure conditions allowing a return to normal watch/work periods have been reestablished. (b) Two options are provided for follow-on surveys for engineering spaces on non-nuclear, steam-powered ships and for laundries, sculleries, galleys, steam catapult spaces and arresting gear spaces. 1. Follow-on surveys where WB and DB temperatures are not monitored and recorded each hour. Follow-on surveys shall be conducted prior to the end if the current manned watch or work period as indicated in the previous survey. Follow-on surveys shall continue to be conducted each watch/work period until the conditions specified in paragraph B0204c(4) no longer exist. 2. Follow-on surveys where WB and DB temperatures are monitored and recorded each hour at manned workstations.


B2-15

a. If the WBGT survey resulted in a PHEL stay time greater than the duration of the normal watch or work period, a change from the normal watch/work time is not required. Follow-on surveys are not required unless the DB temperature increases by five degrees Fahrenheit or more and/or WB temperature increases by three degrees Fahrenheit or more from the DB and WB temperatures recorded from the previous survey. The DB and WB temperature must be measured each time using the same instrument/device. The WBGT meter, motorized psychrometer, or commercially available hygrometer may be used to measure DB and WB temperature. If the DB temperature drops below the value in paragraph B0204c(4) and return to a normal watch/work time is desired, then a survey shall be conducted to ensure conditions allowing a return to normal watch/work periods have been reestablished. b. If the WBGT survey resulted in a PHEL stay time less than the duration of the manned watch, or work period, the watch/work time shall be adjusted to reflect the new stay times indicated by the WBGT. Follow-on surveys are not required unless the DB temperature increases by five degrees Fahrenheit or more and/or WB temperature increases by three degrees Fahrenheit or more from the DB and WB temperatures recorded from the previous survey. The DB and WB temperature must be measured each time using the same instrument/device. The WBGT meter, motorized psychrometer, or commercially available hygrometer may be used to measure DB and WB temperature. If the DB temperature drops below the value in paragraph B0204c(4) and return to a normal watch/work time is desired, then a survey shall be conducted to ensure conditions allowing a return to normal watch/work periods have been reestablished.

NOTE:

The department head may elect to have more than one stay time rotation in a workspace if permitted by PHEL. This would allow the majority of personnel to take advantage of a longer stay time instead of limiting all personnel to the most restrictive stay time. If more than one watch time rotation is implemented for a space it shall be indicated on the heat stress survey sheet.


B2-16

For example: A steam-powered ship in the Indian Ocean has obtained the following readings from an auxiliary space during the latest heat stress survey conducted at 1400: Top Watch WBGT = 92 PHEL = II, Stay time = 4:10 Evap Watch WBGT = 93 PHEL = II, Stay time = 3:50 Air Comp Watch WBGT = 92 PHEL = II, Stay time = 4:10 SSTG Watch WBGT = 92 PHEL = II, Stay time = 4:10 Messenger WBGT = 92 PHEL = III, Stay time = 3:30 The engineering officer assigns a 3 X 6 watch (three hours watch in the space and six hours outside the space) for the evap watch and the messenger. The engineer officer assigns everyone else in the space to a 4 X 8 watch (four hours watch in the space and eight hours outside the space). The time outside the space must be in a cooler environment.

(c) ECC. A heat stress survey to restore the normal watch is not required at the end of the ECC drill set unless a DB temperature at any manned watch station exceeds the appropriate value identified in paragraph B0204c(4)(a). (6) Time Weighted Mean (TWM) WBGT Values. The TWM WBGT is for use in especially hot environments where reduced stay times have been imposed on watch/work standers. The TWM WBGT is an optional, not mandatory provision, for use if an air-conditioned booth or cooler space is available for personnel to spend time in the cool climate and afford them some relief from the heat in the space. When implemented, the TWM changes the WBGT value for that individual and increases the length of time they can now spend at their watch/work station. Appendix B2-E provides ships that have this ability with a way of properly calculating the new WBGT value.

d. Recovery Time for Personnel Reaching Exposure Limits

(1) Supervisors shall direct personnel standing watch or working in spaces in reduced stay times (except in operational emergencies as directed by the CO) to leave the heat stress environment prior to the expiration of the PHEL stay time. These personnel shall move to a cool, dry area conducive to rapid physiological recovery (an area with a DB temperature of 80 degrees Fahrenheit or less).


B2-17

(2) Preferred recovery environments are those that are air conditioned within the standards of reference B2-2. Provided there is no evidence of accumulated fatigue, the length of recovery time shall be equal to twice the exposure time or four hours whichever is less. After completing the necessary recovery period in preferred environmental conditions, an individual who nonetheless remains tired, unable to carry out normal work requirements, or has an increased incidence of health disorders shall be referred to the MDR for evaluation. (3) Supervisors shall direct personnel experiencing heat stress symptoms while standing watch or working in the workspace, to report immediately to the MDR for evaluation.

e. Recommendations for Working in Heat Stress Environments.

(1) Drink more water than satisfies thirst, but not more than 1.5 liters (about one and half quarts) per hour. Do not wait until you are thirsty to start drinking (scuttlebutts must be readily available and in working order). It is important that personnel stay hydrated. A device that has proved very effective in helping personnel to stay hydrated on flight decks, steam catapult spaces, engineering spaces, laundry and in other hot locations on ship is the Camelbak® (or equivalent) drinking system. It holds 1.8 liters of water and is worn like a backpack with a straw mechanism that allows the person to drink anytime or anywhere. The Camelbak® (or equivalent) has proved very effective in helping to keep personnel hydrated especially in areas such as the Arabian Gulf. It is available in the stock system under NSN 9Q-8465-01-396-9855.

(2) Eat three well-balanced meals daily. (3) Get adequate rest. At least six hours of

continuous sleep per 24 hours is recommended. (4) Except where fire retardant or fire-fighting

clothing is required, wear clean clothing composed of at least 35 percent cotton (more natural fiber content allows more effective evaporation of water from clothing).

(5) Do not take salt tablets.


B2-18

(6) Limit intake of caffeinated drinks. (7) The fleet has used several cooling vests in the

stock system in a limited capacity. Initial research on one of these vests shows that if properly used in a heat stress environment it can reduce thermal strain. However, when using cooling vests, personnel shall adhere to PHEL stay times as described in this chapter until revised PHEL curves are established for the cooling vest.

NOTE

The use of using cooling vests that contain paraffin-based phase change material is not recommended. This material is flammable and may release toxic vapors when burning. The MSDS information should be reviewed prior to using any of these products. This material must be stored per the requirements for flammable material in chapter C23.

f. Reports and Forms

(1) Personnel exposed to excessive heat stress may

require the professional judgment of a trained MDR to determine the presence or absence of a heat-related disorder. If the result of the evaluation indicates a heat-related case the MDR shall enter the heat-related injury or illness into the web-enabled safety system (WESS) per reference B2-3.

(2) NAVENVIRHLTHCEN shall provide a fiscal year-end summary of shipboard heat stress cases from the WESS database by type of operation, and ship class to CNO (N09F). B0205. PHEL DETERMINATION

a. The WBGT index provides a measure of environmental conditions. In order to determine the permissible heat exposure in these conditions, the amount of work of a particular job must be known. The more strenuous the job, the shorter the allowable exposure time. The Navy has developed six PHEL curves, each applying to a different work rate, ranging from light work (PHEL curve I) to heavy work (PHEL curve VI). The PHEL curve general applicability table (table B2-A-1) in appendix B2-A provides the applicable stay times allowed for a specific WBGT reading. For types of work not presented in table B2-A-1, the MDR should


B2-19

consult reference B2-2, articles 3-12 and 3-13. For comparison, examples of light work include sweeping down, painting, adjusting automatic combustion controls, changing and cleaning lube oil strainers, and bleeding hydraulic oil. Examples of heavy work include manually chipping and wire brushing in preparation for painting, handling cargo and supplies, replacing large valves, cleaning lube oil sumps, and disassembly or reassembly of large or heavy equipment. The PHEL curves were developed and are accurate for normal, healthy, heat-acclimatized personnel who have had adequate rest, (six hours continuous sleep in the last 24 hours), adequate water intake, and adequate recovery time from previous heat stress exposure (two hours recover for every 1 hour exposure or four hours maximum). Personnel are assumed to be wearing clothing consisting of a least 35% cotton fiber, not containing starch, and readily permeable to water transfer. Table B2-A-2 presents the PHEL chart in a tabular format. Table B2-A-3 presents the PHEL values applicable when fuel combustion gases are present.

b. Procedures

(1) Curve Selection

(a) Routine Operations. Applicable PHEL curves should be determined by selecting the appropriate curve listed in table B2-A-1.

(b) Non-routine Operations. Non-routine

operations, such as performing operations in out-of-normal plant configurations, increases in normal watchstander work rate, and minor equipment casualties require the use of the next higher number curve above that specified in table B2-A-1 for routine operations. For example, if the stay time for a particular watchstander is determined to be PHEL Curve I during normal operations, then the exposure limit for the watchstander should be determined using PHEL curve II during difficult or more active than normal watches.

(c) Engineering Casualty Control Exercises.

Watchstanders shall have their stay times determined by selecting the appropriate curve listed in table B2-A-1.


B2-20

(d) Heavy Work. Personnel conducting heavy repairs or other strenuous work shall have their stay time determined by using PHEL curve VI.

(2) Effects of Personnel Health Status on Curve Selection. As indicated, the PHEL curves and the assignment in table B2-A-1 are based on normal, healthy personnel who have adequate rest and recovery from previous heat stress exposures. Personnel having repetitive exposures to heat stress without sufficient recovery may experience cumulative fatigue. Additionally, personnel with a respiratory system cold and/or infection, lacking sufficient sleep (less than six hours in the past 24 hours), experiencing dehydration, having clinically confirmed hypertension or taking medication which adversely effects body temperature are much more prone to systemic heat injuries. Maximum exposure limits for these personnel cannot be reliably predicted using the PHEL chart in table B2-A-1. The senior MDR on a case-by-case basis shall determine appropriate exposure limits for these personnel.

(3) Curve Selection if Personnel Heat Injuries Occur. If,

after determining personnel stay times per this section, a heat exhaustion or heat stroke occurs, then the stay times for all other personnel in the space shall immediately be reduced by recalculating stay times using the next numerically higher PHEL curve than specified by table B2-A-1. The work and health status of the individual suffering the injury shall be reviewed. When the cause of the injury has been reasonably resolved, the stay times for personnel in the space shall be determined using the latest WBGT index and the normally appropriate curves as indicated in table B2-A-1.

(4) WBGT/PHEL Determination. The heat stress surveyor

shall use the PHEL table (table B2-A-2). To use the PHEL table, the heat stress surveyor must first round the recorded WBGT index to the next higher whole number value. This can be done easily as the WBGT index is recorded in tenths of a degree F. For example: 85.1 degrees Fahrenheit would be rounded to 86 degrees Fahrenheit and 89.9 degrees Fahrenheit would be rounded to 90 degrees Fahrenheit; but 92.0 degrees Fahrenheit would remain 92 degrees Fahrenheit. Using the whole number value of the WBGT index, the heat stress surveyor would obtain the permissible stay time in hours and minutes under the column for the PHEL curve determined using table B2-A-2. Hence, for a


B2-21

recorded WBGT index of 85.1 degrees Fahrenheit or 85.8 degrees Fahrenheit the stay time for PHEL curve III is five hours and 55 minutes.

(5) The current WBGT/PHEL stay-time guidance for each

watchstander can be read from any of the AHSS computer workstations.

(6) Impact of Personal Status Change on Exposure Limits.

If a person’s status changes during the period of a watch (e.g., the person assumes a watch in a different location or works at a different exertion level), stay times shall be computed using the procedures for remaining safe stay times provided in reference B2-2, article 3-13(5)(b).

(7) Impact of Fuel Combustion Gases (Stack Gas) and Fuel

Vapors on Exposure Limits.

(a) Fuel combustion gases (stack gas) and fuel vapors can have severe physiological impact on personnel. The effects of these environmental factors are intensified by heat stress. Prolonged exposure to relatively low concentrations can impact the ability of personnel to work safely. If someone entering a workspace or area for the first time in approximately four hours or more can smell the odor of stack gas and/or fuel vapors, then a harmful concentration may be present. Personnel should be checked for the following symptoms:

1. Eyes watering and/or burning. 2. Difficulty breathing. 3. Tingling or numbness of the tip of the tongue,

tip of the nose, finger tips and/or toes. 4. Generalized sensation of mild alcoholic

intoxication without alcohol consumption within the past 24 hours.

(b) If two or more of the above symptoms are exhibited, then exposure limits must be reduced as follows:

1. Using the latest WBGT index values, determine the PHEL stay time by using table B2-A-3; or


B2-22

2. Calculate the PHEL stay time for existing heat stress conditions per paragraph B0205b(4), and divide that stay time by three to obtain the new stay time. For example, if the exposure limit due to heat stress is four hours, then the exposure limit with stack gas and or fuel vapors present would be reduced to one hour and 20 minutes. Prompt removal of affected personnel to fresh air is essential. Article 3-1l of reference B2-2 discusses the physiological effects to personnel exposed to stack gas and fuel vapors in detail. B0206. TRAINING

a. All hands shall receive heat stress training upon reporting aboard. This training may be conducted by showing the heat stress videotape "Play it Cool: Heat Stress Prevention Afloat" (8055801-DN). At a minimum this training must include:

(1) Heat stress health hazards; (2) Symptoms of excessive heat stress exposure; (3) Heat stress first aid procedures; (4) Heat stress monitoring; and (5) Causes of heat stress conditions.

b. Heat-stress surveyors assigned to perform WBGT

surveys shall be trained and qualified using the heat stress surveyor watchstation 303 (formally heat stress monitor watchstation 303) of the safety programs afloat personnel qualifications standard (PQS), NAVEDTRA 43460-4B within 12 weeks of assignment.

c. Training and information on the automated heat stress system (AHSS) is available in appendix B2-C.

_________________________

CHAPTER B2

REFERENCES B2-1. OPNAVINST 5102.1D/MCO P5102.1B


B2-23

B2-2. NAVMED P-5010-3, Manual of Naval Preventive Medicine, Chapter 3: Ventilation and Thermal Stress Ashore and Afloat B3-3. NEHC Technical Manual NEHC TM OEM 6260.6A, Prevention and Treatment of Heat and Cold Stress Injuries


Table B2-A-1

PHEL CURVE GENERAL APPLICABILITY SELECTION PERSONNEL PHEL CURVE Routine Casualty Watch Control Drills I. Steam Propelled Ships A. Propulsion Spaces 1. BTOW II III (Boiler Technician of the Watch) 2. Console Operator I I 3. Upper Levelman (checkman) II III 4. Lower Levelman II III 5. MFP (Main Feed Pump) Watch II III 6. Burnerman II III 7. EOOW I I (Engineering Officer of the Watch) 8. MMOW II III (Machinist’s Mate of the Watch) 9. Throttleman I I 10. EMOW I I (Electrician’s Mate of the Watch) 11. Upper Levelman(SSTG) II III (Ship’s Service Turbine Generator) 12. Lower Levelman II III (Lube Oil/Condensate) 13. Evaporator Watch I II 14. Messenger (See Note Below) III IV

NOTE:

Messenger stay times should be determined by taking the average of all WBGT Index values for the space not including the console booth. In most cases this will give a longer stay time than using PHEL Curve values listed for the messenger above.

B. Auxiliary Spaces 1. All Watches II II


B2-A-2

II. Diesel Propelled Ships A. All Engineering Watch Personnel I II (unless specified below) B. Evaporator Watch II II C. Messenger III IV III. Gas Turbine Propelled Ships A. FFG-7 and CG 47 Class Ships 1. All Engineering Watch I II Personnel B. DDG-51 Class Ships 1. All Engineering Watch Personnel II III (unless specified below) 2. Sounding and Security Watch III III

*Includes restricted maneuvering and casualty control drills IV. Steam Catapult Spaces A. All Watches II II V. All Other Surface Ship Spaces

A. ECC Monitors/Inspectors I II

B. Laundry Personnel III NA C. Scullery Personnel V NA D. Galley & Food Service Line II NA Personnel VI. Submarines A. Engine Room 1. EOOW I I 2. EWS II III 3. Throttleman I I 4. Reactor Operator I I 5. Electrical Operator I I 6. Upper Level II III 7. Lower Level II III


B2-A-3

8. Evaporator Watch I II 9. Engineering Drill Monitors NA II B. Auxiliary Spaces 1. All Watches II II C. Other Spaces 1. Food Service Personnel II NA

FIGURE B2-A-1

Exposure Time (Hrs)

125

120

115

110

105

100

95

90

85

80

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

IIIIIIIV

V

VI

WB

GT

Inde

x (F

)

PHEL CHART(Curves I - VI)


B2-A-4

Table B2-A-2 PHYSIOLOGICAL HEAT EXPOSURE LIMITS (PHEL) TIME TABLE

(Without the presence of fuel combustion gases/fuel vapors)

Six PHEL Curves (Total Exposure Time in Hours: Minutes) WBGT Index (F) I II III IV V VI 80.0 >8:00 >8:00 >8:00 8:00 6:35 4:30 81.0 >8:00 >8:00 >8:00 7:45 6:00 4:05 82.0 >8:00 >8:00 8:00 7:05 5:25 3:40 83.0 >8:00 8:00 7:45 6:25 4:55 3:20 84.0 >8:00 8:00 7:05 5:55 4:30 3:05 85.0 8:00 7:45 6:30 5:20 4:05 2:50 86.0 8:00 7:05 5:55 4:55 3:45 2:35 87.0 7:25 6:30 5:25 4:30 3:25 2:20 88.0 6:45 5:55 4:55 4:05 3:10 2:10 89.0 6:10 5:25 4:30 3:45 2:50 2:00 90.0 5:40 5:00 4:10 3:25 2:40 1:50 91.0 5:15 4:35 3:50 3:10 2:25 1:40 92.0 4:50 4:10 3:30 2:55 2:15 1:30 93.0 4:25 3:50 3:15 2:40 2:00 1:25 94.0 4:05 3:35 3:00 2:25 1:50 1:15 95.0 3:45 3:15 2:45 2:15 1:45 1:10 96.0 3:25 3:00 2:30 2:05 1:35 1:05 97.0 3:10 2:45 2:20 1:55 1:25 1:00 98.0 2:55 2:35 2:10 1:45 1:20 0:55 99.0 2:40 2:20 2:00 1:40 1:15 0:50 100.0 2:30 2:10 1:50 1:30 1:10 0:45 101.0 2:20 2:00 1:40 1:25 1:05 0:45 102.0 2:10 1:50 1:35 1:15 1:00 0:40 103.0 2:00 1:45 1:25 1:10 0:55 0:35 104.0 1:50 1:35 1:20 1:05 0:50 0:35 105.0 1:40 1:30 1:15 1:00 0:45 0:30 106.0 1:35 1:25 1:10 0:55 0:45 0:30 107.0 1:30 1:15 1:05 0:50 0:40 0:25 108.0 1:20 1:10 1:00 0:50 0:35 0:25 109.0 1:15 1:05 0:55 0:45 0:35 0:25 110.0 1:10 1:00 0:50 0:40 0:30 0:20 111.0 1:05 1:00 0:50 0:40 0:30 0:20 112.0 1:00 0:55 0:45 0:35 0:25 0:20 113.0 0:55 0:50 0:40 0:35 0:25 0:15 114.0 0:55 0:45 0:40 0:30 0:25 0:15 115.0 0:50 0:45 0:35 0:30 0:20 0:15 116.0 0:45 0:40 0:35 0:25 0:20 0:15 117.0 0:45 0:40 0:30 0:25 0:20 0:10 118.0 0:40 0:35 0:30 0:25 0:15 0:10 119.0 0:35 0:35 0:25 0:20 0:15 0:10 120.0 0:35 0:30 0:25 0:20 0:15 0:10 121.0 0:35 0:30 0:25 0:20 0:15 0:10 122.0 0:30 0:25 0:20 0:15 0:15 0:10 123.0 0:30 0:25 0:20 0:15 0:10 0:10 124.0 0:25 0:25 0:20 0:15 0:10 0:05


B2-A-5

TABLE B2-A-3 (With the presence of fuel combustion gases/fuel vapors)

Six PHEL Curves (Total Exposure Time in Hours:Minutes)

WBGT Index (F) I II III IV V VI 80.0 4:50 4:15 3:30 2:55 2:15 1:30 81.0 4:25 3:50 3:10 2:40 2:00 1:20 82.0 4:00 3:30 2:55 2:25 1:50 1:15 83.0 3:40 3:10 2:40 2:10 1:40 1:10 84.0 3:20 2:55 2:25 2:00 1:30 1:00 85.0 3:00 2:40 2:10 1:50 1:25 0:55 86.0 2:45 2:25 2:00 1:40 1:15 0:50 87.0 2:30 2:10 1:50 1:30 1:10 0:45 88.0 2:20 2:00 1:40 1:25 1:05 0:40 89.0 2:05 1:50 1:30 1;15 1:00 0:40 90.0 1:55 1:40 1:25 1:10 0:55 0:35 91.0 1:45 1:30 1:15 1:05 0:50 0:30 92.0 1:35 1:25 1:10 1:00 0:45 0:30 93.0 1:30 1:20 1:05 0:55 0:40 0:25 94.0 1:20 1:10 1:00 0:50 0:35 0:25 95.0 1:15 1:05 0:55 0:45 0:35 0:20 96.0 1:10 1:00 0:50 0:40 0:30 0:20 97.0 1:10 0:55 0:45 0:40 0:30 0:20 98.0 1:05 0:50 0:40 0:35 0:25 0:15 99.0 0:55 0:45 0:40 0:30 0:25 0:15 100.0 0:50 0:45 0:35 0:30 0:20 0:15 101.0 0:45 0:40 0:35 0:25 0:20 0:15 102.0 0:40 0:35 0:30 0:25 0:20 0:10 103.0 0:40 0:35 0:30 0:25 0:15 0:10 104.0 0:35 0:30 0:25 0:20 0:15 0:10 105.0 0:35 0:30 0:25 0:20 0:15 0:10 106.0 0:30 0:25 0:20 0:20 0:15 0:10 107.0 0:30 0:25 0:20 0:15 0:10 0:10 108.0 0:25 0:25 0:20 0:15 0:10 0:05 109.0 0:25 0:20 0:15 0:15 0:10 0:05 110.0 0:25 0:20 0:15 0:15 0:10 0:05 111.0 0:20 0:20 0:15 0:10 0:10 0:05 112.0 0:20 0:15 0:15 0:10 0:10 0:05 113.0 0:20 0:15 0:15 0:10 0:05 0:05 114.0 0:15 0:15 0:10 0:10 0:05 0:05 115.0 0:15 0:15 0:10 0:10 0:05 0:05 116.0 0:15 0:10 0:10 0:10 0:05 0:05 117.0 0:15 0:10 0:10 0:05 0:05 0:05


Appendix B2-B

HEAT STRESS TROUBLE-SHOOTING AND REPAIR ACTIONS

VENTILATION: If a ventilation problem is suspected, the WBGT meter should be positioned at the supply terminal/opening discharge such that the airflow is blowing into the left side of the WBGT meter. If the discharge air DB temperature is greater than 10 degrees Fahrenheit over the outside DB temperature, then a ventilation supply problem may be indicated. A reading of two terminals/openings per ventilation supply system serving the space is required. The below information may assist in determining the cause of the problem.

STANDARDS

HOW TO MEASURE DISCREPANCIES

CAUSES

RECOMMENDED ACTION

1. VENTILATION NSTM 510, Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning systems for Surface Ships

a. Supply

(1) Flow Duct velocity 2500 to 3500 fpm Velocity of airflow at watchstander (NAVMED P-5010-3) about 250 fpm minimum

Anemometer

Inlet obstructed Dirty screens Wrong screen mesh (1-1/2 inches required Toxic Gas Vent Dampers closed Vent duct pressure losses due to dirty ductwork, leaks, unauthorized openings or missing access covers Supply terminal obstructed

Remove obstructions Clean Screens Replace with proper size mesh Open and repair dampers Clean, repair or replace Clean the terminal


B2-B-2

STANDARDS

HOW TO MEASURE DISCREPANCIES

CAUSES

RECOMMENDED ACTION

(2) Flow (continued) Terminal inoperable or missing Replace terminal Supply fan not working

properly:

-Motor speed low (single phase or miswired) -Controller defective -Improper speed with exhaust fan -Failed motor bearings

Supply air short circuited by exhaust terminal

Repair Repair Repair/Replace Repair fan interlock Repair Relocate supply or exhaust terminal

At least one supply terminal at each watch-stander station without damper, which can be pointed at the watch-stander

Visual Incorrect terminal type (should be corrosion resistant steel) Terminal damper is not removed

Replace terminal Remove damper

High Efficiency Filters (HEPA) are dirty. (Ships equipped with a Collective Protection System)

HEPA filter differential pressure gauge. (See PMS)

Continuous use in a dirty environment such as an industrial availability or sand storm)

Replace filters


B2-B-3

b. Exhaust Refer to specific HVAC Design Criteria Manual (DCM) for ship class. If no specific DCM exist for the ship class in question, refer to NAVSEA 0938-018-0010 (A/C & Ventilation DCM for Surface Ships). Exhaust ventilation is to be: -125% of supply ventilation for 1200 psi steam ships.

-115% of supply ventilation for other ships except CPS ships

-equal to supply ventilation on CPS ships plus sweep air from Type II airlocks

Anemometer Exhaust fan not working properly:

-Motor speed low (single phase or miss-wired)

-Controller defective

-Improper speed with exhaust fan

-Failed motor bearings

Repair Repair Repair fan interlock Repair

Space pressure negative at ¼ to ½ inch of water is mandatory with supply and exhaust fans at the same speed (airflow should be into space when access is opened)

U-Tube Manometer

Exhaust inlet or outlet obstructed. Dirty screens. Wrong screen mesh (1-1/2 inches required.

Remove obstructions. Clean Screens. Replace with proper size mesh.

Feel/visual Vent duct pressure losses due

to dirty ductwork, leaks, unauthorized openings or missing access covers. Toxic Gas Vent Dampers closed

Clean, repair or replace Open and repair dampers


B2-B-4

Exhaust terminals in hot spots

Feel/Visual Relocate terminal

2. INSULATION a. Piping & Machinery NSTM 635, Thermal, Fire and b. Acoustic Insulation Insulate all surfaces with temp. >125°F. Material/thickness IAW MIL-STD-769

Visual Check Deteriorated cracked, worn, damaged

High traffic, walkway, standing, use of chain falls, etc.

Replace and install metal lagging/shielding

Wet (water, oil, etc.)

Frequently occurring external leak

Replace and cover with metal lagging/shielding

Internal/ external one-time leak

Replace

Missing insulation

Removed for access Replace

Replaceable pad missing Valve bonnets, etc

Install replaceable pad

c. After insulation is installed, surface temperature should not exceed 125°F. *Note 1, 2

Infrared handgun/ pyrometer-Note 1 Surface temp too high.

Insulation deteriorated/ compacted. Insulation too thin.

Increase insulation thickness. Paint surface with aluminum paint.


B2-B-5

3. STEAM/WATER LEAKS

a. Turbine Shaft Seals

NSTM 231, Propulsionand SSTG Steam Turbines

Excessive shaft seal leakage, slight leakage is required to lubricate the shaft seals.

Visual

Shaft alignment Worn bearings Improper or worn packing

Align shaft Replace bearings Replace packing installation

Excessive shaft gland seal leakage, some turbine shaft seals are vented to a gland leak off system

Visual Seal leaks beyond capacity of leak-off system High exhaust steam Pressure Low vacuum in gland leak off system (less than 1/2 inch vacuum)

Repair Seal Rework exhaust dump Value Secure unneeded auxiliary machinery. Check loop seals. Isolate idle equipment. Ensure gland exhaust fan operating

b. Mechanical Pump Seals NSTM 503, Pumps Visual Shaft alignment

Worn bearings Improper or worn package installation

Align shafting Replace bearings Replace when leakage forms a stream


B2-B-6

c. Pump Stuffing Boxes

NSTM 503, Pumps Visual Packing not sufficiently tight

Tighten packing

Check for leakage for greater than 32 oz./min.

Measure

Gland bottomed out Shaft alignment Worn bearings Improper or worn packaging

Add packing Align shaft Replace bearings Replace packing

d. Casing Joints

NSTM 221, Boilers Check all areas of boiler casings for leakage

Visual Feel Soap Suds

Dirt on matting surfaces Improper bolt tightening Warped doors/access Cracked seams, fasteners missing or defective, faulty gaskets

Clean Surfaces Retighten bolts Replace doors/panels Caulk seams, renew fasteners, replace/renew gaskets use tadpole gaskets

e. Piping

NSTM 505, Piping Check for stained and wet lagging *Notes 3, 4

Visual Pipe, valve or flange leaking Pipe broken

Repair or replace as necessary Replace

f. Drains, Funnel No overflow Visual Check valve jammed

Drain funnel fouled

Repair check valve Clean drain funnel


B2-B-7

4. BILGE a. Dry Bilge Ships

No water Visual Leaks Machinery Piping

Repair leaks

b. Wet Bilge Ships

Minimize water (no quantitative standard)

Visual Leaks Machinery Piping

Pump bilge water and/ or repair leaks

*Note 1 For ships designed to MIL-STD 769D or earlier revisions, the surface temperature after installing insulation was limited to 105°F. *Note 2 Infrared Heat Gun Survey: Infrared heat guns may be borrowed from IMA or IMA requested to perform. (Heat gun should be used to detect hot spots. This equipment does not provide accurate temperatures). *Note 3 Use extreme caution when inspecting pressurized or high temperature piping systems. Do not attempt repairs while system is pressurized. *Note 4 Prior to removing lagging ensure that it does not contain asbestos


Appendix B2-C

USE OF THE WBGT METER 1. The basic instrument for assessing heat stress is the WBGT meter - a small, lightweight, portable instrument. The WBGT meter measures dry-bulb, wet-bulb, and globe temperature and electronically integrates these values into the WBGT Index. There are currently two meters available in the fleet: the RSS-220 meter and the Model 960. Each meter is assembled and operated per its technical manual, either NAVSEA SN000-AA-MMO-0010 for the RSS 220 meter, or NAVSEA S9491-AJ-MMO-010/0910/LP-464-1300 for the Model 960 meter, and the guidance contained within this instruction. Specific instructions for requisitioning and turn-in of units are available from Type Commanders. The Allowance Equipage List (AEL) for the meter is AEL 2-870003051. Experience has shown that the meter globe assembly may be damaged before the meter itself is damaged. Replacing the globe assembly, in the event of meter malfunction, may often eliminate the need to return the entire meter for repair. Similarly, the rechargeable batteries should also be checked before returning the entire meter for repair. Supply information for the meter and accessories is:

a. Model RSS-220 (Note: No longer manufactured, but repair parts still available)

(1) WBGT meter. (NSN 7H-6685-01-055-5298)

(2) Globe assembly. (NSN 9G-6685-01-149-8635)

(3)Standard nickel cadmium rechargeable size AA batteries.

(NSN 9G-6140-00-449-6001)

(4) WBGT meter accessories allowance parts list (APL) (100110001)

b. Model 960

(1) Heat stress monitor. (NSN 3H 6665-01-333-2590)

(2) Globe assembly. (Unavailable from SPCC at this time)


B2-C-2

(3) Standard nickel cadmium rechargeable size AA batteries. (NSN 9G-6140-00-449-6001)

(4) Heat stress monitor allowance parts list (APL). (469990172) 2. WBGT Index. Environmental data displayed by the WBGT meter (heat stress monitor) are:

a. Shielded, ventilated dry-bulb temperature (DB). b. Shielded, ventilated wet-bulb temperature (WB).

c. Globe temperature (GT). This temperature is an

integration of radiant and convective (the heating or cooling effects of air movement) heat transfer (heat gained or lost).

d. WBGT Index. The meter calculates this value using the following mathematical equation:

WBGT = (0.1 X DB) + (0.7 x WB) + (0.2 x GT)

e. Exposure Limit (Model 960 only). The calculated exposure

limit can be read off the display for each of the PHEL curves (P1 through P6 positions). The heat stress monitor uses the data of appendix B2-A to perform this calculation. 3. Use of the WBGT Meter (RSS-220)

a. The procedure for turning on the WBGT meter readies it for operation. The turn-on procedure is:

(1) Install the globe sensor by pushing the phone jack on the base of the sensor into the receptacle on top of the meter. Hold the globe sensor by its phone jack end, not by the black sphere. The globe can easily be damaged by squeezing, bumping, or dropping.

(2) Fill the wet-bulb water reservoir. The reservoir is accessible through the end of the tunnel marked WATER FILL. When filled, water should completely cover the sponge and be well below the level of the tunnel. Excess water can be poured out of the tunnel end. Be careful to keep the dry-bulb sensor dry. If it becomes wet, dry it with tissue or a soft cloth before operating the meter.


B2-C-3

(3) Turn the power switch to CHECK. Listen for the sound of the aspirating fan and see digits on the display.

(4) Turn the measurement function switch to DB, WB, GT, and WBGT. Wait five minutes for the initial reading (DB). Wait three minutes for subsequent readings. Each position will give a display reading of 100.0 + 0.2 degrees Fahrenheit, if the meter is operating properly. If the proper reading cannot be obtained, do not use the meter.

(5) Turn the power switch to ON.

b. When taking measurements, the order in which the temperatures and WBGT Index are presented in paragraph 3a (DB, WB, GT, and WBGT Index) is the order in which data must be collected to ensure optimum reliability. This is the same order in which the meter will display data as the parameter selection switch is rotated clockwise from the DB position and is the order in which the individual sensors will stabilize (most to least quickly). As each value is obtained, it shall be recorded to the nearest 0.1 degrees Fahrenheit on a heat stress monitoring sheet (see paragraph B0204c(3)(a) for recording procedures). As the meter is moved from one site to another, the meter should be at each site for 5 minutes to allow for stabilization of the first reading (DB) in the series to be taken. To determine when each sensor has stabilized, the monitor should watch the 0.1 degrees Fahrenheit digit of the display. When the 0.1 degrees Fahrenheit digit stops changing or when it oscillates between a larger or smaller value, the sensor has stabilized and the value can be recorded. (If oscillating, always record the higher of the two values.)

c. While taking readings, hold the meter about chest high, one foot away from the body. If there is airflow at the reading location, the meter should be positioned to allow the airflow to enter the left side of the meter. 4. Use of the Heat Stress Monitor (Model 960)

a. The procedure for readying the heat stress monitor for operation is as follows:

(1) Fill the wet bulb reservoir. Flip up the top of the

reservoir filler cap. Using the supplied filler bottle, fill the reservoir to the full mark. Push the cap cover down until


B2-C-4

it snaps in place. The black O-ring that prevents excess water from spilling out of the reservoir may constrict the flow of water onto the WB wick. Feel the wick to ensure that the wick is properly wetted.

(2) Install the globe assembly by removing it from the carrying case and inserting the globe plug into the receptacle on the top of the monitor. Be careful not to get skin oils on the globe.

(3) Turn the monitor ON. Turn the TEST switch to TEST. The display will show either "EE.E" or "88.8." The "EE.E" means that the monitor has failed the test. The "88.8" means that the electronic portion of the unit is ready for use. If the monitor fails the test, check the battery charge level. If the level is low, charge the batteries. If the batteries are not low or the monitor fails the test after charging, the meter must be repaired.

(4) Turn the TEST switch to RUN. Check top of the bar in the Battery Charge Level window. If the top of the bar is in the green section, the batteries are well charged. If the top of the bar is in the yellow section, the batteries will need recharging soon. If the top of the bar is in the red section, the batteries must be recharged before use.

b. While taking readings, hold the meter about chest high, 18 inches away from the body. If there is airflow at the reading location, the monitor should be positioned to allow the airflow to enter the left side of the unit. When taking a measurement, the order in which the temperatures and WBGT index are taken are DB, WB, GT, and WBGT. Wait five minutes after turning the monitor on until taking the initial reading. Allow the temperature to stabilize before taking the subsequent readings. Following temperature readings, position the function switch to the PHEL curve (P position) from appendix B2-A which corresponds to the routine limit, the non-routine limit, the heavy work limit, and the drills limit. The exposure limits should be checked against table B2-B-2. 5. Use of the Automated Heat Stress System (AHSS)

a. Viewing/Printing AHSS Data:


B2-C-5

(1) The AHSS PC workstation displays, stores and prints the heat stress information. The information on the monitor is updated each minute and stored each hour. A dry bulb (DB) log is available which displays the DB temperature values for each location. The AHSS software allows the workspace supervisor to review the DB log and enter the appropriate comments which will also record the time of the DB log review.

(2) A complete listing of all the WBGT and PHEL curve data are stored hourly and are available for review.

(3) The AHSS provides the ability to conduct a real-time

and immediate heat stress survey. The heat stress survey printout includes the current WBGT and PHEL curve stay time information. Additionally, the AHSS software performs the comparison checks to verify that DB > WB, GT ≥ DB, and GT > WBGT > WB.

b. AHSS Operations:

(1) The AHSS unit has four sensor channels, from left to

right, the first is capped, the second has the DB sensor, the third has the relative humidity (RH) sensor, the fourth has the GT (black globe) sensor. The WB value is calculated from the DB and RH values. The LED lights for the AHSS unit should be red, green, green, green indicating that the AHSS unit and the three sensors are operating correctly.

(2) A DB and GT value of 32 displayed on the AHSS

workstation denotes a sensor failure and the LED light will be red. Follow the procedures in the AHSS technical manual to determine if the DB or GT sensor can become operational. If not, connect a spare sensor in the appropriate DB/GT channel, re-power the AHSS unit, and arrange to have the faulty sensor repaired.

(3) A RH value of either five or 98 displayed on the AHSS

workstation denotes a sensor has drifted low or high and the LED light will be red. Follow the procedures in the AHSS technical manual to re-align low/high set points using the 33% and 75% RH salt solutions. If not, connect a spare sensor in the RH channel, re-power the AHSS unit, follow the RH sensor calibration procedures, and arrange to have the faulty sensor repaired. Note that the RH salts are a disposable item with a


B2-C-6

one-year shelf life and must be replaced each year. Ordering information is provided in the AHSS technical manual.

Refer to the AHSS technical manual for a comprehensive review of the AHSS procedures. 6. Periodic WBGT Meter Validation

a. Each series of WBGT meter readings shall be validated by

manually calculating the highest WBGT Index obtained using the equation of paragraph 2d above. This calculation shall be performed in the remarks section of the Heat Stress Monitoring Sheet. The reported WBGT Index value from the meter reading should agree within plus or minus 0.2 degrees Fahrenheit of the calculated WBGT Index value. If such agreement is not obtained, the following causes of error shall be considered:

(1) The operator may have rushed through the measurement

procedures not allowing the sensors to stabilize.

(2) The operator may have misread or recorded the values incorrectly.

(3) The meter may not be functioning properly.

If agreement is not obtained, the operator shall conduct a meter check per the appropriate technical manual. If the meter check is satisfactory, the operator shall retake the meter readings, ensuring that the meter is allowed to stabilize properly prior to obtaining readings and ensuring that values are recorded properly. If the meter check is unsatisfactory, the operator shall obtain another WBGT meter and retake the readings.

b. During reviews of heat stress monitoring sheets by the

MDR, the department head, and other supervisors, the temperature and WBGT Index values should be spot-checked to determine obvious errors. The following rules of thumb should be applied:

(1) WB temperatures must be less than DB temperatures (WB

< DB).


B2-C-7

NOTE:

If the WB temperature equals the DB temperature, the wick over the WB sensor is probably dried out. Check that there is water in the WB reservoir.

(2) GT for each set of readings should be greater than or

equal to DB temperature for the same set of readings (GT > DB). (3) WBGT Index must be greater than WB temperature and

less than the GT (WB <WBGT < GT). (4) The higher the overall heat stress, the more important

it is to periodically check the meter's WBGT Index value by manually calculating the WBGT Index. It is the reliability of the individual data and WBGT Index which determines the reliability of the exposure limit from the PHEL chart or table.

7. Emergency Environmental Monitoring Equipment Method. The emergency environmental monitoring equipment method discussed here will almost always significantly underestimate the level of heat stress; this shortfall will result in an increased risk of personnel suffering heat injury. When there are no operable WBGT meters aboard ship, there are two alternative monitoring methods that may be used while the ship is underway. Motorized psychrometers (NSN 1H-6685-00-936-1389), carried aboard ships for meteorological purposes or commercially available hygrometers. These psychrometers only measure DB and WB temperatures. They do not have a globe thermometer and therefore cannot account for radiant and convective heating or cooling. Hence, all of the components in the WBGT Index equation are not available to calculate the WBGT Index. If using the motorized psychrometric DB and WB temperatures must be measured with the psychrometer shield in its proper position (the flared-open end of the shield must be facing away from the psychrometer). GT can be approximated by taking the difference (ΔT) between the DB temperature and the GT under similar plant operating conditions (power level, number of operating boilers, and approximately the same load on the propulsion plant) when a full set of WBGT meter measurements were obtained. This difference (ΔT) should be added to the DB temperature measured with the psychrometer. For example:


B2-C-8

Previous DB - Previous GT = ΔT

98.3 - 110.4 = 12.1

Psychrometer DB - Psychrometer WB = Estimated GT(DB+ ΔT) 99.1 - 83.6 = 99.1 + 12.1 = 111.2

Using the formula: WBGT = (0.1 x DB) + (0.7 x WB) + (0.2 x GT) WBGT = (0.1 x 99.1) + (0.7 x 83.6) + (0.2 x 111.2) WBGT = 90.7 The WBGT Index values obtained by this strictly emergency monitoring method should be used with the PHEL chart (figure B2-B-1) or tables (tables B2-B-2 and B2-B-3). The resultant exposure limits will be approximations only. Records should indicate whenever the emergency environmental monitoring equipment method was used. A casualty report shall be submitted. When reporting meter failure, give the serial and model numbers and describe the problems encountered.


Appendix B2-D

HEAT STRESS DECISION DIAGRAM

ECC

Drill > 3 hrs

Is the DB Temperature: < 100 º F (Watch/Work Period ≤ 4 Hours) < 90 º F (Watch/Work Period > 4 Hours)

< 85 º F (PHEL IV through VI)

Yes

No

Survey Complete

Yes

ECC drill complete and

condition restored

See Appendix B2-E-3

For Engineering Spaces on Steam Powered Ships and for Laundries,

Sculleries, Galleys, Steam Catapult Spaces, Arresting Gear Spaces

NOTE: Follow-on surveys where WB and DB temperatures are

monitored and recorded each hour

See Appendix B2-E-2

For Engineering Spaces on Steam Powered Ships and for Laundries,

Sculleries, Galleys, Steam Catapult Spaces, Arresting Gear Spaces

NOTE: Follow-on surveys where WB and DB temperatures are NOT monitored and recorded each hour

See Appendix B2-E For Engineering Spaces on

Nuclear, Gas Turbine and Diesel Powered Ships

If the above condition is true, conduct a survey. If already in a heat stress condition, use latest

survey and calculate ECC Watchstander PHELs


Appendix B2-E

TIME WEIGHTED MEAN (TWM) WBGT VALUES

Time Weighted Mean (TWM) WBGT Values. The TWM WBGT is intended for use in especially hot environments where reduced stay times have been imposed on watchstanders. The TWM WBGT is an optional provision, for use if an air-conditioned booth or cooler space is available for personnel to spend time in the cooler climate and afford some relief from the heat in the space. When the TWM is used it changes the WBGT value for that individual and increases the length of time spent at watch station. Ships that have this ability may properly calculate the new WBGT value using the following equation: Time (booth) = [WBGT (WATCH STATION) – [WBGT (desired)] x 60

[WBGT (watch station) – WBGT (booth)] For example: Engineering spaces on a steam-powered ship in

the Indian Ocean are on a four-hour watch rotation. The temperature on a hanging DB thermometer in a main space measured 101°F during the latest heat-stress survey:

Burnerman WBGT = 92, PHEL = II, Stay time = 4:10 Lower Levelman BGT = 92; PHEL = III; Stay time = 3:30 Console Booth WBGT = 80; PHEL = I; Stay time = 8:00 The lower levelman has a stay time less than four hours

while other watch stations have stay times that are equal to greater than four hours. The engineering office decides to incorporate a TWM WBGT for the lower levelman to maintain a four-hour watch for all watchspace personnel. He/she looks up the WBGT value (in the PHEL Time Table in appendix B2-A) to achieve a four-hour stay time (90 WBGT = stay time of four hours) and does the calculation. The time that the lower levelman must spend in the cool booth each hour to achieve a four-hour watch would be calculated as follows:

For the Lower Levelman: Time (booth) = [WBGT (watch station)– [WBGT (desired)] X 60 [WBGT (watch station) – WBGT (booth)] The 90 WBGT value is from the PHEL Table in appendix B2-A.


B2-E-2

Time (booth) = [92 – 90] X 60 = 10 minutes [92-80] TWM WBGT information shall be documented on the heat stress

survey sheet.


CHAPTER B3

HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT (HMC&M) B0301. DISCUSSION a. To attain and maintain operational effectiveness, Navy ships require specified types and quantities of hazardous material (HM). Great care must be taken in handling, using, and storing HM to prevent injury to personnel, damage to equipment, or harm to the environment. Risks associated with HM are greater aboard ship than ashore because of the limited number, confined nature, and "at sea" environment of shipboard spaces. Consequently, both special precautions and an effective HM program are needed. The maintenance of safe and healthful working conditions for HM is a chain of command responsibility. Implementation begins with the commanding officer and extends to the individual Sailor.

b. In order to comply with Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) direction, all U.S. Navy ships are required to implement the consolidated hazardous material reutilization and inventory management program (CHRIMP). This program is a HM control and management plan calling for all HM to be centrally controlled onboard ships. CHRIMP requires the establishment/installation of hazardous material minimization centers (HAZMINCENs) on each ship for the centralized management of all shipboard HM, used and excess HM and empty HM containers. The HAZMINCEN is an issue/reuse site with HM inventory tracking software.

c. Execution of CHRIMP through the establishment of a

HAZMINCEN should reduce on board quantities of HM through inventory control and management, in accordance with environmental, safety and health requirements. However, sufficient material should be available on board after these efforts to meet ship operational, habitability, and maintenance requirements. The ship must be able to perform the preventive, corrective, and facilities maintenance in support of ship operations. d. This chapter addresses general management requirements and personnel responsibilities for HMC&M. Chapters C23 for surface ships and D15 for submarines contain specific management guidance and safety precautions for HMC&M.


B3-2

e. Commands having dental facilities shall reference B3-1

for direction in implementing mercury control in affected spaces. f. For Submarines. This chapter and chapter D15 provide guidance for all HM, including HM that contains atmosphere contaminants per reference B3-2. Some of these contaminants may be released to the submarine atmosphere during operations involving the use of the HM. When a HM is a source of submarine atmospheric contamination, chapter D15 provides additional controls on the storage and use of this material. g. The following definitions apply to Navy HMC&M: (1) Hazardous Material (HM) - Any material that, because of its quantity, concentration, or physical or chemical characteristics, may pose a hazard to human health or the environment during use, handling, storage, transportation, or spill. Excluded are those materials cited in reference B3-3, such as materials that do not require a material safety data sheet (MSDS), Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act items (e.g., packaged personal care products), articles (e.g., packaged solder or brazing alloy), ionizing (e.g., check sources for radiation monitors) and non-ionizing radiation (e.g., radiofrequency heat sealers, microwave or laser products) and biological hazards (e.g., products containing living organisms). Materials that require special handling and disposal procedures include ammunition, weapons, explosives, explosive actuated devices, propellants, pyrotechnics, chemical and biological warfare materials, medical waste, infectious materials, bulk fuels, asbestos, lead, and radioactive materials. Guidance/direction for these materials can be found in other related documentation.

NOTE:

Even though the above items may not be considered or handled as HM, submarine atmosphere control requirements in chapter D15 may apply.

(2) Used Hazardous Material – Used HM is material that has been used in a shipboard process or maintenance action and


B3-3

for which there is no further, immediate use on board the ship possessing the material. Such material may ultimately be used on another ship, within the shore establishment, for the same purpose or a purpose other than that for which it was initially manufactured, or by commercial industry. (3) Excess Hazardous Material – Excess HM is unused material in unopened, properly sealed containers for which there is no further, immediate use on board the ship possessing the material. Such material may ultimately be used on another ship, within the shore establishment, for the same purpose or a purpose other than that for which it was initially manufactured, or by commercial industry.

NOTE:

It is the responsibility of the shore receiving facility to determine if used/excess HM offloaded is reused or disposed of as hazardous waste (HW). See reference B3-4 for a definition of HW.

(4) Consolidated Hazardous Material Reutilization Inventory Management Program (CHRIMP) – A HM control and management program that requires all hazardous material (used and excess HM and all empty HM containers) to be centrally controlled onboard ships and submarines. CHRIMP requires the establishment/installation of HAZMINCENs. CHRIMP includes centralized inventory management, procurement, storage, issue/receipt/reissue, and collection/consolidation/offload of HM. (5) Hazardous Material Minimization Center (HAZMINCEN) utilizes facilities, equipment, and procedures to execute CHRIMP. HAZMINCEN designs can vary greatly, depending on the size of the ship, mission, and requirements for HM. The smallest ships (submarines, minesweepers, patrol craft) often require little HM and are too small to include a dedicated HAZMINCEN storeroom or office. In these instances, HM is stored in work-center lockers, and centrally managed/controlled in the Supply Department. Other small ships (frigates, cruisers, destroyers) have only a small flammable storeroom and utilize lockers for other HM. HM on these ships can be issued from the flammable storeroom, and


B3-4

centrally managed/controlled in the supply department. On these smaller ships, there usually is insufficient space to allow for a dedicated HM consolidation space. Consolidation takes place in the flammable storeroom. On larger platforms (amphibious class ships, aircraft carriers), the ship is large enough to support a separate HAZMINCEN office, multiple HM storerooms, issue room(s), and a consolidation space. (6) A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is a document that contains on the potential health effects of exposure to chemicals, or other potentially dangerous substances, and on safe working procedures when handling chemical products. It is an essential starting point for the development of a complete health and safety program. It contains hazard evaluations on the use, storage, handling and emergency procedures related to that material. The MSDS contains much more information about the material than the label and it is prepared by the supplier. It is intended to tell what the hazards of the product are, how to use the product safely, what to expect if the recommendations are not followed, what to do if accidents occur, how to recognize symptoms of overexposure, and what to do if such incidents occur. (7) The Hazardous Material Information Resource System (HMIRS) is a Department of Defense (DoD) automated system developed and maintained by the Defense Logistics Agency. HMIRS is the central repository for MSDS for the United States government military services and civil agencies. It also contains value-added information input by the service/agency focal points. This value-added data includes hazard communication warning labels and transportation information. HMIRS provides this data for hazardous materials purchased by the federal government through the DoD and civil agencies. The system assists federal government personnel who handle, store, transport, use, or dispose of hazardous materials. HMIRS can be accessed via http://www.dlis.dla.mil/hmirs/. HMIRS MSDS contain hazard characteristic codes (HCC) that can be used to determine proper storage for HM. (8) The Ships Hazardous Materials List (SHML) is the master HM authorized use list for surface ships. The list was developed to ensure only approved HM and corresponding units of issue authorized for use aboard ship are brought aboard ships,


B3-5

to preclude stocking HM not needed aboard, and to match allowed quantities with maintenance requirements.

(9) The Material Management Indicator (MMI) code on the SHML that identifies which HM the HAZMINCEN controls. A SHML MMI code of “A” indicates the material is authorized for shipboard use. A SHML MMI code of “P” indicates material is prohibited for shipboard use and should not be stored or used aboard ship. A SHML MMI code of “R” indicates material having shipboard use restrictions. A SHML MMI of “Y” indicates the HAZMINCEN shall store and centrally control the HM. A SHML MMI of “N” indicates the HM is a low risk and does not require HAZMINCEN control.

(10) The Hazardous Inventory Control System for Windows (HICSWIN) is the principal software system used on Navy surface ships for implementing the Navy’s consolidated hazardous material reutilization and inventory management program (CHRIMP) (11) The Submarine Hazardous Material Inventory and Management System (SHIMS) is a menu driven HM inventory and management tool for use aboard submarines to easily track, identify storage location, and determine which HM has been approved for procurement and use. SHIMS allows submarines to be in full compliance with this instruction and applicable atmospheric control requirements. It assists the operator in the systematic, positive control and management of HM. SHIMS’s provides:

(a) A standardized tool to assist in submarine HMC&M compliance, inventory management, and shelf-life management;

(b) A standardized tool to implement submarine atmospheric control requirements;

(c) A single data source for SMCL and MSDS information; and

(d) Standard reports, references and output that meet requirements of this instruction and references B3-2, B3-4 and B3-5.


B3-6

(12) The Submarine Material Control List (SMCL) is a Navy data application that lists the authorized HM for use on submarines as established by reference B3-2.

(13) Shipboard Safety Equipment Guide - The Naval Safety

Center Afloat Safety Program Directorate prepared this guide to provide national stock numbers for common safety equipment and personal protective clothing approved for surface ship and submarine use. B0302. SURFACE SHIP HMC&M

a. Responsibilities

(1) The Commanding Officer shall:

(a) Assign the responsibility for implementation of the consolidated hazardous material reutilization inventory management program (CHRIMP) afloat through the operation of a hazardous material minimization center (HAZMINCEN) to the shipboard supply department. Augment the manning of the responsible department as necessary to accomplish CHRIMP.

(b) Appoint/assign, in writing, a HM coordinator. The HM coordinator shall be a graduate of the Afloat HM Coordinator Course or equivalent supply corps officer training. (See HM training paragraph.) Appointment shall be a person of ranking in the following order of preference: 1. A commissioned officer within the supply department,

2. A chief or leading petty officer (see

note).

NOTE:

Ships and afloat activities specifically designated by the type commander in which the number of assigned officers is limited and appointment would pose an excessive burden to the ship may assign a chief or leading petty officer as HM coordinator.


B3-7

(c) Appoint/assign a HM supervisor/lead petty officer, in writing, to operate the HAZMINCEN. The HM supervisor/lead petty officer shall be a graduate of the HMC&M Technician (secondary Navy enlisted classification (SNEC) code 9595) Course (see HM training paragraph). (d) Annually, prepare and submit a report of HAZMINCEN operational efficiency to the chain of command. Report shall be based upon HICSWIN/R-Supply data and report the following: a) HM obtained onboard via ship procurement (Cost), b) HM obtained on-board via open purchase request, c) HM obtained on-board via reuse (from other ships or shore CHRIMP facilities), and d) HM offloaded. (e) Approve, by signature, ship’s hazardous material list (SHML) feedback reports (SFRs). A designated O-5 or above may be appointed, in writing, to approve SFRs for the commanding officer.

(f) Ensure compliance with OPNAV transfer and disposal policy guidance provided in reference B3-4, chapter 19, appendix L. Report to the fleet commanders by message, information to the chain of command, any conditions or system/equipment malfunctions that results in an overboard discharge of HM into or upon the marine environment per reference B3-4 and applicable operations orders (OPORDs).

NOTE:

The requirements detailed herein shall not preclude the overboard discharge of HM during an emergency where failure to discharge would clearly endanger the health or safety of shipboard personnel or would risk severe damage to the ship.

(2) The Executive Officer shall:

(a) With department heads, semi-annually review

the list of HM to ensure that CHRIMP efforts are optimized to minimize HM stowage locations and eliminate excessive or unauthorized quantities of HM.

(b) Assign sufficient personnel to the HAZMINCEN

to accomplish CHRIMP and ensure an individual with SNEC 9595


B3-8

qualification is operating the HAZMINCEN. Use the HM work-center listed in the activity manpower document (AMD) as guidance for HAZMINCEN manning. If the ship’s AMD does not list a HM Work-center,

(c) HAZMINCEN manning guidance should be obtained from the type commander.

(d) Upon request from the HM coordinator, approve

work-center HM storage locations/lockers in writing, as applicable, to support daily evolutions.

(e) Receive and review the HAZMINCEN delinquent

containers report generated from HICSWIN. Ensure action is taken to correct outstanding/repeated delinquencies.

(f) Ensure supply and safety officers make monthly satellite locker inspections and quarterly storeroom inspections and are taking action to correct deficiencies.

(g) Ensure that HM needed for embarked units (Marines, airwing squadrons, special forces, etc.) is authorized for use on board ship and that there is an agreement, in writing, detailing responsibilities of ships company and the embarked unit. The agreement shall address procurement, storage, reorder and offload. Note: Sufficient notice is required to allow the ship to order and receive the hazardous material for the embarked unit.

(h) Ensure HM brought on board by contractor and shipyard representatives is controlled and offloaded in accordance with contract requirements.

(i) Annually review the ship’s training plan to

ensure that HM awareness training is included.

(j) Ensure all supervisors (department heads, division officers and petty officers) annually receive the HM awareness training. Ensure supervisors provide HM awareness training to all hands.


B3-9

(3) Department Heads shall:

(a) Assist the executive officer in a semi-annually review of the list of HM to ensure that CHRIMP efforts are optimized to minimize HM stowage locations and eliminate excessive or unauthorized quantities of HM.

(b) Ensure that HM retained within their work-

centers is required for the operations and maintenance of assigned equipments and does not exceed the quantity needed to satisfy operational needs/requirements.

(c) Ensure that department personnel are available

to receive annual HM awareness training.

(d) Ensure used or excess HM is properly turned into the HAZMINCEN for turn over to the shore activity offload personnel.

(4) The Supply Officer/HM Coordinator/HM Supervisor

shall:

(a) Operate the HAZMINCEN in accordance with guidance in this chapter and in chapter C23. Provide control and inventory management of designated shipboard HM. Ensure receipt, stowage, consolidation, issue, inventory and accountability of all HM used on board.

(b) Weekly, prepare and submit a HAZMINCEN operation summary report to the chain of command. Report to include:

1. Listing of new HAZMAT requirements (lists

new HM line items and provides status of the SHML feedback report (SFR) (when SFR was sent and what is the answer).

2. Summary of results from storeroom and

satellite locker spot checks (Including size of sample taken, results, HICSWIN/RSUPPLY accuracy, and reason for inaccuracies/deficiencies).

3. Report of NIS (not in stock, but carried)

and N/C (not carried item) (Any item on this list must also contain the name of the person requested it, the reason it was


B3-10

requested, and the amount that was requested. Report also must provide the requisition number for the material, reason why the material is NIS or N/C, and the status of resolving the NIS and/or N/C issue).

4. Summary of HM training conducted (in

addition to general and professional training).

(c) Quarterly, prepare and submit a report of HAZMINCEN operational efficiency to the CO. Report shall be based upon HICSWIN data and report the following: a) HM obtained on board via ship procurement (cost), b) HM obtained through open purchase request, c) HM obtained on board via reuse (from other ships or shore CHRIMP facilities), d) HM offloaded.

(d) The HM Coordinator shall be a graduate of the

Afloat HM Coordinator Course or equivalent supply corps officer training. The HM supervisor/lead petty officer shall be a graduate of the HMC&M Technician (SNEC 9595) Course, (see HM training paragraph).

(e) Provide quarterly training to HAZMINCEN

personnel on proper handling, issuing, labeling, stowage, receipt processing, inventories, spill response and disposal procedures; training based on chapter C23, chapter 4 of reference B3-6 and reference B3-7.

(f) Ensure HM training is provided quarterly to

division/work-center personnel responsible for maintaining in-space storage lockers. Training should include proper inventorying, marking, stowage and the use of MSDS.

(g) Ensure a MSDS is on file (either hard copy or

on CD-ROM) for all types and brands of HM taken aboard. Ensure that hard-copy MSDSs are readily accessible to all hands.

(h) Ensure only HM authorized for shipboard use by

the Ship’s Hazardous Material List (SHML) is requisitioned, or if necessary to do so, that a SHML feedback report (SFR) is promptly submitted (See chapter C2303b). Ensure SHML feedback reports (SFRs) are signed by the commanding officer (or a designated O-5 or above) and transmitted to NAVCIP for processing.


B3-11

(i) Work with stock control officer to ensure all HM orders are approved by the HAZMINCEN prior to ordering or signing all purchase requests for HM items.

(j) Identify, in writing, locations and quantities

of all HM/excess HM stored aboard ship and provide a list to the executive officer, department heads, gas free engineer, damage control assistant (DCA), fire marshal, safety officer and senior medical officer.

(k) Execute the following inspections, and take

corrective action for all deficiencies found. Inspect the HM program in accordance with reference B3-6, section 8202, hazardous material division check off list. Inspect for locker/storeroom condition, HM compatibility, labels, corrosion, leaks, bulging cans/drums, and shelf life.

1. Monthly satellite locker inspections.

Coordinate/conduct inspections with the safety officer. Additional locker inspection guidance is found in reference NSTM B3-7.

2. Monthly spot-check of HM practices of

division personnel. Choose one division (randomly) which uses HM. Coordinate/conduct spot-checks with the safety officer. Ensure all divisions are checked at least twice per year.

3. Quarterly storeroom inspections.

Coordinate/conduct with the safety officer. 4. Annual ship-wide physical inventory of all

HM (including lockers and HAZMINCEN storerooms/spaces). Compare this inventory to the SHML and take appropriate action on all differences.

(l) Approve work-center HM storage locations/lockers in writing, as applicable, to support daily evolutions. Coordinate approval of locker locations with the safety officer, DCA, and XO.

(m) Act as the ship’s single point of contact in the offload of used/excess HM. Comply with the following:


B3-12

1. Receive and segregate/consolidate used HM and ensure contents of offloaded HM are labeled/marked in accordance with chapter C23.

2. Supervise document preparation for offload

of used/excess HM. 3. Prior to getting underway, ensure that no HM

remains on the pier. 4. Ensure all contractor and shipyard

representatives offload all HM brought on board following completion of their work.

(n) Ensure personnel assigned to the HAZMINCEN are

trained on duties and responsibilities prior to assuming these duties. Ensure at least the number of persons specified in the ships manning document are assigned to operation the HAZMINCEN.

(o) Maintain HICSWIN.

(p) Manage embarked unit (Marines, airwing

squadrons, special forces, etc.) HM in accordance with the following:

1. Ensure embarked units do not bring onboard

prohibited HM; Embarked unit HM shall be screened against the ships T-SHML to ensure it is authorized for use onboard ship. Embarked units shall provide a valid requirement for material needed onboard ship (i.e., maintenance procedure, technical manual, etc.).

2. Ensure embarked units submit requirements

for hazardous material to the ship prior to embarking. Sufficient notice shall be given to allow the ship to order and receive the hazardous material.

3. Ensure that the embarked unit only brings

unique hazardous material on board that is authorized by the ship. In this case, ensure the embarked unit takes responsibility for the offload of the material (upon departure of the embarked unit or aircraft).


B3-13

(q) Ensure HAZMINCEN is equipped with an oil and hazardous substance (OHS) spill kit. Ensure DCA is aware of his responsibility to maintain and replenish spill kit material. See B0304.

(r) Ensure HAZMINCEN pollution prevention afloat

(P2A) equipment is operational, and being used safely in accordance with instructions.

(5) Division Officers shall:

(a) Ensure that only NAVSEA-approved, in-space

storage lockers are used and that locations/installations are approved by the HM coordinator, safety officer, DCA and XO. Ensure lockers are installed and labeled in accordance with reference B3-7.

(b) Ensure that HM retained within their work-centers is specific to the operations and maintenance of assigned equipment. No more than a seven-day supply of HM issued by the HAZMINCEN to the work-center may be retained in work-center spaces. Longer storage to address special needs must be authorized, in writing, by the HM Coordinator, DCA, safety officer, and XO.

(c) Ensure HM training is provided quarterly to

division personnel responsible for maintaining in-space storage lockers.

(d) Ensure used or excess HM is properly returned

to the HAZMINCEN. (e) Ensure that approved personal protective

clothing and equipment are available for HM operations or incidents and personnel are trained in their proper use and maintenance as described in reference B3-8. Follow specific direction on applicable PMS cards and MSDSs.

(f) Make division personnel available to receive

annual HM awareness training. Incorporate HM training into normally scheduled weekly divisional training. Ensure that upon reporting on board and annually thereafter, all personnel are educated on HMC&M (ordering, issuing, reutilization, handling, storing, using, disposal, and spill response)


B3-14

(g) Mark any polychlorinated biphenol (PCB)-containing electrical or electronic components per reference B3-9 and associated NAVSEASYSCOM-issued PCB advisories.

(6) The Safety Officer shall:

(a) Approve work-center HM storage

locations/lockers. Coordinate with the HAZMINCEN Division. (b) Spot check monthly, in conjunction with the

master-at-arms force and the HAZMINCEN Division, to ensure day-to-day compliance with CHRIMP requirements. Spot checks shall include checking for improper stowage and use of HM in the HAZMINCEN and work-center lockers. Ensure all divisions are checked at least twice per year.

(c) Coordinate the execution of the following

inspections with the HAZMINCEN division:

1. Monthly satellite locker inspections. 2. Quarterly storeroom inspections.

(d) Ensure that the CHRIMP/HAZMINCEN program is

evaluated annually for compliance and effectiveness. (e) Report all HM mishaps as required by reference

B3-10.

(7) The Afloat Environmental Protection Coordinator (AEPC) shall perform the functions described in reference B3-4. The AEPC shall ensure pollution prevention afloat (P2A) equipment is operational and in use.

(8) The Damage Control Assistant (DCA) shall:

(a) Coordinate HM spill response drills with the HAZMINCEN division as necessary. See section B0304.

(b) Approve work-center HM storage locations/lockers

in writing, as applicable, to support daily evolutions. Coordinate approval of locker locations with the HAZMINCEN division.

(c) Maintain and replenish spill kit material.


B3-15

(9) The Medical Department Representative (MDR) shall:

(a) Assist the HM coordinator/HM supervisor and work-center supervisors in training personnel regarding health information and personal protective equipment requirements for the HM they are using.

(b) Maintain a complete MSDS file. This may be on

CD-ROM or hardcopy.

(10) Division Supply Petty Officers/Repair Parts Petty Officers shall request HM from the HAZMINCEN and shall ensure before HM is ordered that a valid requirement exists (specifically required by a maintenance procedure or other shipboard operation). HM listed on the SHML shall be used to avoid open procurement of HM. Submit an SFR to HAZMINCEN personnel whenever requesting HM not authorized by the SHML.

(11) Embarked Unit Supply Petty Officers/Repair Parts Petty Officer shall:

(a) Execute, in writing, an agreement detailing responsibilities of ships company and the embarked unit. The agreement shall address procurement, storage, reorder and offload.

(b) Submit requirements for hazardous material to

the ship prior to embarking. Provide a valid requirement for material needed on board ship (i.e., maintenance procedure, technical manual, etc.). Ensure HM is screened against the ships T-SHML to ensure it is authorized for use on board ship. Sufficient notice shall be given to allow the ship to order and receive the hazardous material.

(c) Offload any HM (not supplied by the ship)

brought onboard in accordance with applicable requirements.

(12) Work-center Supervisors shall:

(a) Ensure that required personal protective clothing and equipment are maintained and used. See reference B3-8, preventive maintenance system (PMS) and MSDS instructions.


B3-16

(b) Ensure that prior to initial use or handling any HM, work-center personnel have been trained on the hazards associated with that material and are familiar with what an MSDS is, what it contains, and where a copy is available for review. Train work-center personnel in the use of MSDS.

(c) Ensure that a valid maintenance requirement

exists for any HM item not listed in the SHML and initiate a SFR.

(d) Remove unauthorized HM from the work-center.

(e) Ensure a copy of the hazardous material user’s

guide (HMUG) is available for use by work-center personnel.

(f) Ensure work-center HM lockers are secured, labeled and have contents identified and approved by the XO, safety officer, DCA, and HAZMINCEN division. Locker installation shall comply with chapters B3, C23 and reference B3-7.

(13) All Hands shall:

(a) Properly stow or return HM to approved locker or the HAZMINCEN upon completion of use or no later than the end of the workday.

(b) Properly use and handle HM in accordance with

the applicable MSDS and reference B3-8. (c) Collect and segregate any residue resulting

from use of HM issued from the HAZMINCEN for turn-in to the supply department/HAZMINCEN.

(d) Report any spills of HM to the officer of the

deck, and/or damage control central/central control station. (e) Annually complete HM awareness training.

b. HMC&M Program Elements. The following elements are

essential for effective surface ship HMC&M. The requirements associated with these elements are described in C23.

(1) Centralized inventory management/tracking.


B3-17

(2) Requisitioning and receiving authorized HM. (3) HM container labeling. (4) Storage of HM. (5) Controlling HM issue/re-issue/return. (6) HM container compatibility. (7) Consolidation/offload/disposal of used or excess

HM. (8) HM use and handling requirements. (9) Training (see paragraph c below)

c. HM Training

(1) The HM coordinator shall normally receive en route

training at the Navy Supply Corps School’s basic and department head courses. HM coordinators who are not supply corps officers shall attend the afloat HM Coordinator Course (A-8B-0008) taught by the Naval Occupational Safety and Health and Environmental Training Center (NAVOSHENVTRACEN). The course shall be completed prior to, or within six months of, being assigned this duty.

(2) The HM Supervisor/lead petty officer, and other assigned personnel as required by the activity manpower document, shall be a graduate of the HMC&M Technician (SNEC 9595) course (A-322-2600 or A-322-2601). At a minimum the HM supervisor shall also be a graduate of the CHRIMP/HICS Technician course. Both courses are taught by the NAVOSHENVTRACEN. B0303. SUBMARINE HMC&M

a. Responsibilities

(1) The Commanding Officer shall: (a) Report all HM mishaps as required by reference

B3-10.


B3-18

(b) Report to the fleet commanders by message, information to the chain of command, any conditions or system/equipment malfunctions that results in an overboard discharge of HM into or upon the marine environment per reference B3-4 and applicable operations orders (OPORDs).

(c) Ensure that spills of HM are handled per

guidance specified in references B3-27 and B3-28.

(2) The Executive Officer shall:

(a) Grant written permission to carry on board any restricted HM during an underway period. Refer to chapter D15 and reference B3-2 for definitions of submarine material control usage categories.

(b) Ensure assigned personnel follow the

conditions under which restricted or limited HM are stored or used on board to minimize the release (off-gassing, mists, or vapors) of potential atmospheric contaminants into the submarine. Restricted material may not be used on board during an underway period.

(c) Ensure restricted (R) and HM items pending for

classification are not used on board while underway.

(3) Department Heads shall:

(a) Ensure that HM retained within their work-centers is unique to the operations and maintenance of assigned equipment and does not exceed the quantity needed to satisfy operational requirements.

(b) Ensure used or excess HM is properly returned

to the supply officer for turn over to the shore activity. (c) Report all items found with a restricted (R)

or limited (L) use code that have not been logged in the submarine material control log to the supply officer for logging, labeling, and assignment of approved storage location, or disposal.

(d) Report all items found that are not listed (categorized) in the submarine material control list (SMCL) to


B3-19

the supply officer. Items not listed in the SMCL are prohibited per paragraph D1502(a).

(e) Ensure that restricted items authorized for in

port use only are removed from the submarine when no longer needed. Inform the supply officer of their removal to allow documentation in the submarine material control log. Obtain written permission from the executive officer to retain on board restricted items during underway.

(f) Ensure that all HM in their custody are used,

handled, and stowed per the requirements of chapter D15.

(4) The Supply Officer/HM Coordinator shall:

(a) Ensure that management of shipboard HM follows procedures outlined in this chapter and chapter D15.

(b) Ensure an MSDS is on file (either hard copy or

on CD-ROM) for all types and brands of HM taken aboard. Ensure that hard-copy MSDSs are readily accessible to personnel and their supervisors. Maintain the submarine hazardous material inventory and management system (SHIMS) which contains MSDS information. Submit hard copies of MSDSs which are not on the SHIMS system to Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, code 634.

(c) Ensure no prohibited HM is brought on board. (d) Maintain the submarine material control log

per paragraph D1502d. (e) Ensure all HM brought on board is authorized

for storage and use on board by the Submarine Material Control List (SMCL). Affix an atmosphere contaminant tag (appendix D15-C) to all HM containers upon issue and mark with pre-designated usage category for any material that is a restricted (R) or limited use (L) HM. Atmosphere control tags can be printed from SHIMS.

(f) Initiate an investigation of any item

suspected of being an atmosphere contaminant per the procedures of reference B3-2 and submit a SMCL feedback report per chapter D-15.


B3-20

(g) Ensure that all restricted (R) and limited use (L) items are inventoried every six months or prior to a change of command.

(h) Review the submarine material control log weekly in port and monthly underway.

(i) Obtain commanding officer’s written

authorization prior to open purchasing any HM.

(5) The Medical Department Representative shall:

(a) Assist work-center supervisors in training personnel regarding health information and personal protective equipment requirements for the HM they are using.

(b) Provide medical assistance in the event of a

HM spill or mishap involving HM. Use MSDS information in SHIMS provided by the supply officer.

(6) Division Officers shall:

(a) Ensure when HM is transferred into other containers the new containers are properly marked with the information specified in paragraph D1502d.

(b) Ensure approved personal protective clothing and equipment are available for HM operations or incidents and personnel are trained in their proper use and maintenance.

(c) Ensure personnel are made available to receive

required HM training as detailed in section B0303c. (d) Mark any PCB-containing electrical or

electronic components per section D1506.e.

(7) The Damage Control Assistant shall coordinate HM spill response drills with the HAZMINCEN division as necessary. See section B0304.

(8) Repair Parts Petty Officers shall ensure before HM is ordered, that a valid requirement (specifically required by a maintenance procedure or other shipboard operation) exists. Standard stock HM shall be used whenever possible to avoid procurement of open purchased HM.


B3-21

(9) Work-center Supervisors shall:

(a) Ensure that approved personal protective clothing and equipment are maintained and utilized.

(b) Ensure that prior to using or handling any HM,

work-center personnel have been trained on the hazards associated with that material and are familiar with what an MSDS is, what it contains, and where a copy is available for review.

(c) Ensure that a valid maintenance requirement

exists for any HM item not listed in the SMCL and initiate a SMCL feedback report (SFR) requesting material certification in accordance with the requirements of reference B3-1, chapter 7.

(10) All Hands shall: (a) Ensure that HM is returned to appropriate stowage upon completion of use or at the end of the workday, whichever is earlier. (b) Follow instructions provided for the proper use of HM. (c) Collect and segregate any used HM for proper offload per chapter D15. (d) Report any spills of HM to the duty officer (in port) or the chief of the watch (underway). (e) Report any violation of HM use, storage, and handling precautions to the supervisor for resolution/correction. (f) Be alert to prevent the on board storage and use of restricted material during underway operations without prior approval/authorization from the executive officer. Ensure limited material is being used per SMCL guidance.

b. Hazardous Material Control and Management Elements. The following elements are essential for effective submarine HM control and management:

(1) Proper use of HM per SMCL guidance (see chapter D15).


B3-22

(2) Designation of compliant storage for HM (see chapter D15).

(3) Controlling HM purchase (including type and

quantity of material required), receipt, and issue to avoid accumulation of HM (see chapter D15).

(4) Avoiding open purchases of HM (see chapter D15). (5) Following approved safety standards for the use

of HM (see chapters B1, B3, B10 and D15 for specific requirements on use of HM).

(6) Reutilization of HM to reduce the amount of used

HM generated (see chapter D15). (7) Collection, segregation, and disposal of used or

excess HM (see chapter D15). (8) Responding to HM emergencies (see B0304). (9) Obtaining and providing MSDSs for on board HM

(see chapter D15). (10) Training (see B0303c). (11) Proper HM labeling (see chapter D15).

c. Training

(1) The HM coordinator receives en route training at

the Navy Supply Corps School Basic Course (A-8B-0008). (2) The leading SK shall be a graduate of the HMC&M

Technician (SNEC 9595) Course (A-322-2600). (3) Personnel expected to combat an emergency

involving HM shall receive training on HM emergency procedures. B0304. OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE (OHS) SPILL RESPONSE GENERAL (Surface and Submarine Applicable) REQUIREMENTS: Because of the extremely hazardous nature of many HM used aboard ships, only personnel trained by the DCA shall respond to HM spills. Refer to appendices B3-A and B3-B. Reporting requirements for a HM spill which goes over the side are found


B3-23

in reference B3-4, chapter 19. Additional response procedures for specific situations are provided in documents found in references B3-11 through B3-17 and B3-27 and B3-28 for submarines. SURFACE SHIP REQUIREMENTS:

a. Responsibilities

(1) The Damage Control Assistant shall:

(a) Develop and implement a spill contingency plan (SCP), using the Navy’s shipboard oil and hazardous substance (OHS) spill contingency plan guide per reference B3-4 and B3-13. (b) Train and supervise ship's damage control teams (and fire department, if used aboard) in combating spills of HM and oil. (c) Provide training to divisions regarding reporting, initial handling, and cleanup of HM and oil spills, as requested. (d) Maintain the hazardous material spill response kit (AEL 2-550024007) and the oil spill response kit (AEL 2-550024006). (e) Ensure that HM and oil spills are handled per appendices B3-A and B3-B. (f) Inspect OHS spill kits monthly, and replenish material as required. (g) Maintain an OTTO fuel spill kit (AEL A006350027) to respond to OTTO Fuel Spills. (OTTO fuel is propellant named after its developer, Dr. Otto Reitlinger)

b. Oil and Hazardous Substance (OHS) Spill Response Elements:

(1) The DCA shall implement a spill contingency plan

(SCP) using the Navy’s shipboard oil and hazardous substance (OHS) spill contingency plan guide. These plans include


B3-24

information on spill response team makeup, spill cleanup equipment location, internal and external spill reporting criteria, as well as procedures that are unique to the ship.

(2) Damage control teams required to combat an

emergency involving HM, and the ship's fire department (if used aboard) shall receive training on HM emergency procedures. The DCA shall ensure training is provided and supervise ship's damage control efforts to combat HM spills. Ships shall conduct and document at least one OHS spill response drill for each duty section annually as per reference B3-4.

c. OHS Spill Response Training

(1) Ships shall conduct and document at least one OHS spill for each duty section annually per reference B3-4. The ship shall train the spill response team, in-port watchstanders, command duty officers on in port OHS spill response procedures, the ship's spill contingency plan, and local notification requirements prior to assignment per reference B3-4. SUBMARINE REQUIREMENTS:

d. Responsibilities

(1) The Damage Control Assistant shall:

(a) Train and supervise ship's damage control efforts to combat HM spills. Conduct HM spill response drills as necessary.

(b) Provide training to divisions regarding reporting, initial handling, and cleanup of HM spills, as requested. (c) Maintain an OTTO fuel spill kit (AEL A006350027) to respond to OTTO fuel Spills. (d) Hazardous material emergency response shall be conducted per guidance provided in references B3-27 and B3-28. The DCA shall follow the toxic gas bill in preparation for possible HM spills or releases to the environment. Reporting requirements for a HM spill which goes over the side are found in reference B3-4, chapter 19.


B3-25

e. Oil and Hazardous Substance (OHS) Spill Response

Elements: The DCA shall implement a spill contingency plan (SCP) using the guidance provided in references B3-27 and B3-28. The DCA shall follow the toxic gas bill in preparation for possible HM spills or releases to the environment. Reporting requirements for a HM spill which goes over the side are found in reference B3-4, chapter 19. B0305. PROGRAM EVALUATION

a. The HMC&M Program shall be evaluated annually for compliance and effectiveness. The checklists of appendices B3-C (surface ships), B3-D (submarines), and C23-B (surface) may be used for this purpose. Additional checks can be found in references B3-6 and B3-7. Where possible, industrial hygiene officer assistance shall be obtained in conducting the evaluation.

b. During HM coordinator spot checks and other inspections, all or portions of the checklists of appendices B3-C, B3-D, and C23-B may be used. The HM coordinator shall ensure the appropriate supervisor is included in inspections of work-centers and HM storage areas.

CHAPTER B3

REFERENCES

B3-1. BUMEDINST 6260.30, Mercury Control Program For Dental Treatment Facilities B3-2. NAVSEA Manual S9510-AB-ATM-010(U), Nuclear Submarine Atmosphere Control Manual (NOTAL) B3-3. 29 CFR – Labor, Standard Number 1910.1200, Hazardous Communication Standard B3-4. OPNAVINST 5090.1B


B3-26

B3-5. COMSUBLANT/COMSUBPACINST 4406.1E, Submarine Supply Procedures Manual B3-6. NAVSUP Publication P-485, Naval Supply Procedures B3-7. NSTM 670, Stowage, Handling, and Disposal of Hazardous General Use Consumables B3-8. OPNAVINST 5100.28 B3-9. NAVSEA S593-A1-MAN-010, Shipboard Management Guide to PCBs (NOTAL) B3-10. OPNAVINST 5102.1D/MCO P5102.1B, Navy and Marine Corps Mishap and Safety Investigation, Reporting, and Record Keeping Manual B3-11. NAVSEA S9593-CT-MAN-010, Instruction Manual for the HM Spill Response Kit B3-12. NAVSEA S9593-DV-HBK-010, Instruction Manual for the Oil Spill Response Kit B3-13. OHS Spill Contingency Plan Guide – http://navyseic.dt.navy.mil/ B3-14 NSTM 079, Volume II, Practical Damage Control B3-15. NAVAIR 00-80-R-14, US Navy Aircraft Firefighting and Rescue Manual B3-16. Naval Warfare Publication 62-1, Surface Ship Survivability B3-17. NSTM 555, Volume I, Surface Ship Firefighting B3-18. OPNAV Publication P-45-114-95, CNO Policy Guide for Shipboard Hazardous Material Container Disposal B3-19. Hazardous Inventory Control System Windows (HICSWIN) Afloat Desk Guide


B3-27

B3-20. NAVSUP Publication P-722, Consolidated Hazardous Material Reutilization and Inventory Management Program (CHRIMP) Manual B3-21. NAVSUP Publication P-573, Storage and Handling of Hazardous Materials B3-22. Shipboard Safety Equipment Shopping Guide (NAVSAFECEN Publication) http://safetycenter.navy.mil/osh/afloat/shoppingguide.htm B3-23. NSTM 077, Personnel Protection Equipment B3-24. NSTM 593, S9086-T8-STM-010/CH-593R4, Pollution Control B3-25. NAVSEA S9593-DS-GYD-010, Preliminary Technical Manual Design and Installation Guidance for Hazardous Material Minimization Center (HAZMINCEN) Areas on Surface Ships B3-26. NAVSEA Instruction 5100.3D, Control of Mercury, Mercury Compounds, and Components Containing Mercury or Mercury Compounds B3-27. COMNAVSUBFOR Instruction 5400.38, "Standard Submarine Organization and Regulations Manual (SSBN)" B3-28. COMNAVSUBFOR Instruction 5400.39, "Standard Submarine Organization and Regulations Manual (SSN)"


Appendix B3-A

Oil and Hazardous Substance (OHS) Spill Response Procedures (Surface Ships Only)

1. Introduction. Because of the extremely hazardous nature of many materials used aboard ships, only trained personnel shall respond to a hazardous material (HM) or oil spill. Personnel shall be trained by the damage control assistant or supervisory personnel to clean up small spills of oil and HM. Appropriate material safety data sheets (MSDSs) shall be used to conduct training. Response procedures for many specific situations are provided in other documents. See reference B3-16 for repair party responsibilities. See references B3-17 for shipboard HM fire fighting procedures; reference B3-14, Volume 2 for HM damage control procedures; and reference B3-23, B3-7, and B3-8 for personal protective equipment guidance. See reference B3-15 for aircraft HM fire fighting procedures. For descriptive purposes, the spill response procedures have been divided into nine phases: a. Discovery and notification. b. Initiation of action. c. Evaluation. d. Containment and damage control. e. Dispersion of gases/vapors. f. Cleanup and decontamination. g. Disposal of contaminated materials. h. Certification for re-entry.

i. Follow-up reports and spill response kit replenishment. Each response phase is not a separate response action entirely independent of all other phases. Several phases may occur


B3-A-2

simultaneously and may involve common elements in their operation. For example, containment and damage control may also involve cleanup and disposal techniques. 2. Spill Discovery and Notification

a. Spills or potential spills of oil or HM may be discovered by regularly scheduled inspections of storerooms and workshops, by detection devices such as fire alarms and oxygen deficiency detectors, and during routine operations. All discoveries of spills or situations that may lead to a spill must be verbally reported immediately to supervisory personnel and the officer of the deck (OOD)/command duty officer (CDO). Crewmembers are not to remain in the area to investigate the spill. Whenever possible, however, the discoverer/initial response team shall report the following information:

(1) Time of spill discovery.

(2) Location of spill. (3) Identification of spilled material. (4) Behavior of material (reactions observed). (5) Source of spill (e.g., tank or container). (6) Personnel in vicinity of spill (list by name and

department). (7) Volume of spill. (8) Anticipated movement of spill (e.g., leakage to

lower deck passage from amidships toward galley, floating in water toward pier, etc.).

(9) Labeling or placarding information (copy data

from spilled container only after exposure to spill is eliminated).

b. Overboard spills of reportable quantities of oil or HM shall be reported per reference B3-4.


B3-A-3

3. Initiation of Action. Coordination and direction of spill response efforts at the scene of an oil or HM spill shall be accomplished by the ship's OOD, CDO, fire chief, damage control party leader, or senior person at the scene, as appropriate, who shall initiate the following actions:

a. Evacuate all personnel from areas that may be exposed to the spilled material. b. Cordon off the affected area. c. Arrange first aid for injured personnel.

CAUTION:

Do not enter the contaminated area until the necessary protective clothing and equipment have been determined.

d. Establish a command post and communications network. e. Prevent spills from entering other compartments by any means that do not involve personnel exposure to the spill, such as closing drains, ventilation ducts, doors, and hatches. f. Disperse gases or vapors to weather using blow-out (forced exhaust) ventilation or by natural ventilation such as opening doors or hatches. If atmosphere is suspected to be flammable or explosive, only explosion-proof fans shall be used for blow-out ventilation. g. Eliminate any fire or explosion hazards such as electrical equipment, incompatible materials, and open flames. 4. Evaluation. Proper evaluation of a spill can prevent fires, explosions, personal injury, or permit steps to lessen their impact. This evaluation consists of the following three steps:

a. Obtain as much of the following information as possible from container labels and MSDS before starting response actions: (1) Type and concentration of the spilled material. (2) Hazardous characteristics of the spilled material, such as:


B3-A-4

(a) Flash Point; (b) Toxicity; (c) Corrosiveness; (d) Potentially incompatible substances; (e) Effects resulting from exposure (fainting,

dizziness, skin or eye irritation, nausea); (f) First aid measures for exposure.

b. Determine dangerous conditions or potential

consequences of the spill, including:

(1) Fire or explosion. (2) Presence of oxygen-deficient atmosphere in

compartment. (3) Presence of toxic or explosive gases. (4) Possibility of dangerous vapors being drawn into

ship's ventilating system. (5) Other HM in the compartment that would play a role

in a fire or explosion or is incompatible with the spilled material.

c. Determine from the MSDS the appropriate spill response equipment and protective clothing necessary for safe and effective response. 5. Containment and Damage Control. Actions taken during this phase are directed toward controlling the immediate spread of the spill and minimizing the impact to the ship and crew. Depending on the type of spill, some or all of the following procedures may be employed:

a. Fight fire (if any), being careful to use fire fighting methods compatible with the material involved. Firefighting procedures are provided in reference B3-17.


B3-A-5

b. Shut off or otherwise stem the spill at its source, whenever feasible, by:

(1) Replacing leaking containers. (2) Plugging leaks in tanks. (3) Emptying tank of remaining contents. (4) Encapsulating a leaking container into a larger,

liquid-tight container. (5) Segregating leaking containers.

c. Predict spill movement and take further action to

prevent the spill from possibly entering other compartments by closing scuppers, drains, ventilation ducts, doors, or hatches.

d. Contain liquid material using barriers, such as sand, sorbents, or other equipment suitable to dam the flow. 6. Dispersion of Gas/Vapor. If a flammable gas or vapor is released as a result of the spill, the gas/vapor shall be dispersed or diluted as soon as possible. The gas/vapor shall not be allowed to enter other compartments. In some cases, the explosive atmosphere shall be contained and diluted to lower its concentration below the lower explosive limit (LEL). Have the gas free engineer check the spill area for LEL and toxicity. The atmosphere can then be dispersed by one of the following methods:

a. Normal exhaust ventilation (explosion-proof only).

b. Blow-out ventilation (powerful exhaust ventilation provided in some HM storerooms--explosion-proof only).

c. Doors and hatches open to the weather.

d. Portable fans (explosion-proof only). 7. Cleanup and Decontamination. During this response phase, personnel, as directed by the person in charge, shall employ the spill cleanup materials from the oil spill response kit (AEL C550024006) or the HM spill response kit (AEL C550024007),


B3-A-6

as applicable. Materials from the HM spill response kit can be used for the cleanup of mercury. Cleanup methods outlined in references B3-4 and B3-5 shall be used for the cleanup of HM and oil spills. In the case of a mercury spill, those procedures outlined in appendix B3-B shall be used. All surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned of the spilled material. After the spill cleanup, the compartment shall be thoroughly ventilated. Reusable protective clothing shall be thoroughly decontaminated and otherwise maintained before it is returned to its proper storage location.

NOTE: Identification of specific requirements for respiratory protection and proper use of this equipment is a critical

aspect of all cleanup and decontamination operations. 8. Disposal of Contaminated Materials. All non-reusable cleanup materials are to be placed in impermeable containers, stored and disposed of as hazardous waste per appendix L of reference B3-2. These materials include unrecoverable protective clothing, sorbents, rags, brooms, and containers. 9. Certification for Safe Re-Entry. The spaces affected by the spill shall be certified safe by the OOD/CDO before normal shipboard operations are resumed in that space. The OOD/CDO shall ascertain the following before allowing re-entry: a. All surfaces--deck, counters, bulkheads, and overheads--have been thoroughly cleaned of the spilled material. b. All compartments have been adequately ventilated as determined from analysis by the gas free engineer. c. All contaminated cleanup materials, including protective clothing, have been packaged, marked and handled as used HM. 10. Follow-up Reports and Spill Response Kit Replenishment.

a. Reporting procedures for overboard oil and HM spills are contained in reference B3-2. The OOD/CDO shall submit to the HM coordinator a spill report for all on board spills. A copy of this report shall be filed by the safety officer and shall contain the following information:


B3-A-7

(1) Date spill occurred. (2) Spill location. (3) Identity of spilled material. (4) Cause(s) of spill. (5) Damage or injuries resulting from the spill. (6) Response and cleanup measures taken. (7) Any problems encountered. (8) Method of disposing of contaminated material. (9) Action taken to prevent the repeat of a similar

spill.

b. All depleted spill response kit components shall be replenished with new stock and the kit returned to its designated storage location.


B3-B-1

Appendix B3-B

Mercury Spill Response and Cleanup Procedures (Surface Ships Only)

1. Mercury Spill Cleanup Procedures. Procedures shall vary according to the size and complexity of the mercury spill. Refer to B3-4 and B3-26. a. Broken Fluorescent Bulbs

(1) Set up local exhaust ventilation. (2) Carefully sweep up bulb debris and double bag for

disposal as HM. (3) Clean the area with a solution of HgX® mercury

decontaminant from the HM Spill Response kit.

b. Small Spills: Clean mercury spills with 50 grams (3/4 teaspoon or quarter size) or less immediately as follows:

(1) If spill is in a confined area, set up local exhaust ventilation. If ventilation cannot be provided, a suitable respirator should be worn.

(2) Spill cleanup personnel shall not eat, drink, smoke or

apply cosmetics in spill area. They shall wash thoroughly with soap and water after cleanup.

(3) Apply absorbent material from the HM spill response

kit to spilled mercury and dispose as HM. (4) Wipe down spill area with HgX® solution from the spill

kit. (5) Discard any contaminated materials and protective

clothing and dispose as HM.

c. Large Spills: Clean mercury spills of more than 50 grams (3/4 teaspoon or quarter size) immediately as follows:

(1) Stop work operations in the area.


B3-B-2

(2) Warn personnel of the spill and its location, evacuate the area, and establish safe boundaries.

(3) Call the oil and hazardous substance (OHS) spill

team. Describe the nature and location of the spill. (4) Use a mercury vapor meter to determine mercury vapor

and degree of hazard, if possible. (5) Apply absorbent material from the HM Spill Response

kit to spilled mercury and dispose as HM. (6) Wipe down spill area with HgX® solution from the

spill kit. (7) Discard any contaminated materials and protective

clothing and dispose as HM. (8) Use a mercury vapor meter to detect any residual

mercury. Reclean with HgX® if mercury vapor concentration exceeds 0.05 milligram per cubic meter (mg/m3).

(9) Use the mercury vapor meter after 24 hours to

determine mercury vapor concentration. An allowable concentration of less than <0.01 milligram per cubic meter (mg/m3) must be attained in any space to be continually occupied by an individual for eight or more hours daily. 2. Mercury Waste Disposal. Mercury is an environmental pollutant and must not be discharged into any body of water or released into any ship’s waste disposal system. Disposal should be coordinated with the HM coordinator and shore facility. All non-reusable cleanup materials are to be placed in impermeable containers, stored and disposed of per appendix L of reference B3-2. These materials include unrecoverable protective clothing, sorbents, rags, brooms, and containers.


Appendix B3-C

HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT (HMC&M) CHECKLIST SURFACE SHIP PROGRAM

Yes No PROGRAM RESPONSIBILITIES 1. Has the commanding officer assigned the

responsibility for implementation of the consolidated hazardous material reutilization inventory management program (CHRIMP) afloat through the operation of a hazardous material minimization center (HAZMINCEN) to the shipboard supply department? B0302a (1)

2. Has the commanding officer appointed/assigned, in writing, a commissioned officer within the supply department (or a chief or leading petty officer) to be the HM coordinator in accordance with B0302a (1)?

3. Has the commanding officer appointed/assigned, in writing, a HM supervisor/lead petty officer that is a graduate of the HMC&M Technician (SNEC 9595) Course to operate the HAZMINCEN? B0302a (1)

4. Has the commanding officer prepared and submitted an annual report of HAZMINCEN operational efficiency to the chain of command? B0302a (1)

5. Has the commanding officer approved, by signature, ship’s hazardous material list (SHML) feedback reports (SFRs)? If elected, has the commanding officer designated an O-5 or above, in writing, to approve SFRs? B0302a (1)

6. Has the commanding officer ensured compliance with OPNAV transfer and disposal policy guidance provided in reference B3-4, chapter 19, appendix L? Has the CO reported to the fleet commanders by message, information to the chain of command, any conditions or system/equipment malfunctions that results in an overboard discharge of HM within restricted waters per reference B3-4 and applicable operations orders (OPORDs)? B0302a (1)


B3-C-2

Yes No7. Has the executive officer semi-annually reviewed

the list of HM to ensure that CHRIMP efforts are optimized to minimize HM stowage locations and eliminate excessive or unauthorized quantities of HM? B0302a (2)

8. Has the executive officer assigned sufficient personnel to the HAZMINCEN to accomplish CHRIMP and ensured an individual with SNEC 9595 qualification is operating the HAZMINCEN? B0302a (2)

9. Has the executive officer approved work-center HM storage locations/lockers in writing, as applicable, to support daily evolutions? B0302a (2)

10. Has the executive officer reviewed the HAZMINCEN delinquent containers report generated from the HM software inventory management program (hazardous inventory control system windows (HICSWIN)) and ensured that action was taken to correct outstanding/repeated delinquencies? B0302a (2)

11. Has the executive officer ensured that supply and safety officers are making monthly satellite locker inspections and quarterly storeroom inspections and are taking action to correct deficiencies? B0302a (2)

12. Has the executive officer ensured that HM needed for embarked units (Marines, airwing squadrons, special forces, etc.) is authorized for use on board ship and that there is an agreement, in writing, detailing responsibilities of ships company and the embarked unit? B0302a (2)

13. Has the executive officer ensured that HM brought on board by contractor and shipyard representatives is controlled and offloaded in accordance with contract requirements? B0302a (2)

14. Has the executive officer reviewed the ship’s training plan annually to ensure that HM awareness training is included? B0302a (2)


B3-C-3

Yes No15. Has the executive officer ensured that all

supervisors (department heads, division officers and petty officers) receive the HM awareness training annually? Has the executive officer ensured that supervisors provide HM awareness training to all hands? B0302a (2)

16. Have department heads assisted the executive officer in a semi-annual review of the list of HM to ensure that CHRIMP efforts are optimized to minimize HM stowage locations and eliminate excessive or unauthorized quantities of HM? B0302a (3)

17. Have department heads ensured that HM retained within their work-centers is required for the operations and maintenance of assigned equipments and does not exceed the quantity needed to satisfy operational needs/requirements? B0302a (3)

18. Have department heads ensured that department personnel are available to receive annual HM awareness training? B0302a (3)

19. Have department heads ensured that used or excess HM is properly turned into the HAZMINCEN for turn over to the shore activity offload personnel? B0302a (3)

20. Has the supply officer/HM coordinator/HM supervisor operated the HAZMINCEN in accordance with guidance in chapter B3 and in chapter C23? B0302a (4)

21. Has the supply officer/HM coordinator/HM supervisor prepared and submitted a weekly HAZMINCEN operation summary report to the chain of command IAW B0302a (4)? B0302a (4)

22. Has the supply officer/HM coordinator/HM supervisor prepared and submitted a quarterly report of HAZMINCEN operational efficiency to the CO? B0302a (4)

23. Is the HM coordinator a graduate of the Afloat HM Coordinator course or equivalent Supply Corps Officer training? Is the HM supervisor/lead petty officer a graduate of the HMC&M Technician (SNEC 9595) Course? B0302a (4)


B3-C-4

Yes No24. Has the supply officer/HM coordinator/HM

supervisor provided quarterly training to HAZMINCEN personnel on proper handling, issuing, labeling, stowage, receipt processing, inventories, spill response and disposal procedures? B0302a (4)

25. Has the supply officer/HM coordinator/HM supervisor provided quarterly HM training is to division/work-center personnel responsible for maintaining in-space storage lockers? Does training include inventorying, marking, stowage and the use of MSDS? B0302a (4)

26. Has the supply officer/HM coordinator/HM supervisor ensured a MSDS is on file (either hard copy or on CD-ROM) for all types and brands of HM taken aboard? B0302a (4)

27. Has the supply officer/HM coordinator/HM supervisor ensured that only HM authorized for shipboard use by the Ship’s hazardous material list (SHML) is requisitioned, or if necessary to do so, that a SHML feedback report (SFR) is promptly submitted? Have the SHML feedback reports (SFRs) been signed by the commanding officer (or a designated O-5 or above) and transmitted to NAVCIP for processing? B0302a (4)

28. Has the supply officer/HM coordinator/HM supervisor contacted the stock control officer to ensure all HM orders are approved by the HAZMINCEN prior to ordering or signing all purchase requests for HM items? B0302a (4)

29. Has the supply officer/HM coordinator/HM supervisor identified, in writing, locations and quantities of all HM/excess HM stored aboard ship? Has the list been provided to the executive officer, department heads, gas free engineer, damage control assistant (DCA), fire marshal, safety officer and senior medical officer? B0302a (4)


B3-C-5


supervisor executed the following inspections, and taken corrective action for all deficiencies found? Have the inspection been in accordance with chapters B3, C23 and reference B3-6, section 8202, hazardous material division check off list? Have the inspections been conducted in coordination with the safety officer? B0302a (4) (1) Monthly satellite locker inspections; (2) Monthly spot-check of HM practices of division personnel; (3) Quarterly storeroom inspections; (4) Annual ship-wide physical inventory of all HM.

31. Has the supply officer/HM coordinator/HM supervisor approved work-center HM storage locations/lockers in writing, as applicable, to support daily evolutions? Was the approval of locker locations coordinated with the safety officer, DCA, and XO? B0302a (4)

32. Has the supply officer/HM coordinator/HM supervisor acted as the ship’s single point of contact in the offload of used/excess HM? Has used HM been received and segregated/consolidated and labeled/marked in accordance with chapter C23? Has the supply officer/HM coordinator/HM supervisor supervised document preparation for offload of used / excess HM and prior to getting underway, ensured that no HM remains on the pier? Has the supply officer/HM coordinator/HM supervisor ensured that all contractor and shipyard representatives offload all HM brought on board following completion of their work? B0302a (4)

33. Has the supply officer/HM coordinator/HM supervisor ensured that personnel assigned to the HAZMINCEN are trained on duties and responsibilities prior to assuming these duties? Has the supply officer/HM coordinator/HM supervisor ensured at least the number of persons specified in the ships manning document are assigned to operation the HAZMINCEN? B0302a (4)

34. Has the supply officer/HM coordinator/HM supervisor maintained HICSWIN? B0302a (4)


B3-C-6


supervisor managed embarked unit (Marines, Airwing Squadrons, Special Forces, etc.) HM in accordance with B0302? (i.e. ensure embarked units do not bring onboard prohibited HM; Screen embarked unit HM against the ships T-SHML; ensure embarked units provide a valid requirement for material needed onboard ship (i.e., maintenance procedure, technical manual, etc.); ensure embarked units submit requirements for hazardous material to the ship prior to embarking; Ensure that the embarked unit only brings unique hazardous material onboard that is authorized by the ship. In this case, ensure the embarked unit takes responsibility for the offload of the material (upon departure of the embarked unit or aircraft)) B0302a (4)

36. Has the supply officer/HM coordinator/HM supervisor ensured that the HAZMINCEN is equipped with an Oil and Hazardous Substance (OHS) spill kit? Has the supply officer/HM coordinator/HM supervisor ensured that the DCA is aware of his responsibility to maintain and replenish spill kit material? B0302a (4)

37. Has the supply officer/HM coordinator/HM supervisor ensured that the HAZMINCEN pollution prevention afloat (P2A) equipment is operational, and being used safely in accordance with instructions? B0302a (4)

38. Have the division officers ensured that only NAVSEA-approved, in-space storage lockers are used and that locations/installations are approved by the HM coordinator, safety officer, DCA and XO? Have the division officers ensured lockers are installed and labeled in accordance with reference B3-7? B0302a (5)


B3-C-7

Yes No39. Have the division officers ensured that HM

retained within their work-centers is specific to the operations and maintenance of assigned equipment and that no more than a seven-day supply of HM is retained in work-center spaces? Have the division officers ensured that longer storage to address special needs is authorized, in writing, by the HM coordinator, DCA, safety officer, and XO? B0302a (5)

40. Have the division officers ensured that HM training is provided quarterly to division personnel responsible for maintaining in-space storage lockers? B0302a (5)

41. Have the division officers ensured that used or excess HM is properly returned to the HAZMINCEN? B0302a (5)

42. Have the division officers ensured that approved personal protective clothing and equipment are available for HM operations or incidents and personnel are trained in their proper use and maintenance as described in reference B3-8 and on applicable PMS cards and MSDSs? Have the division officers ensured that upon reporting on board and annually thereafter; all personnel are educated on HMC&M (ordering, issuing, reutilization, handling, storing, using, disposal, and spill response? B0302a (5)

43. Are division personnel available to receive annual HM awareness training? Have the division officers incorporated HM training into normally scheduled weekly divisional training? B0302a (5)

44. Have the division officers ensured that any PCB-containing electrical or electronic components are labeled/marked per reference B3-9 and associated NAVSEASYSCOM-issued PCB advisories? B0302a (5)

45. Has the safety officer approved work-center HM storage locations/lockers, in coordination with the HAZMINCEN Division? B0302a (6)


B3-C-8

Yes No46. Has the safety officer conducted monthly spot

checks, in conjunction with the master-at-arms force and the HAZMINCEN division, to ensure day-to-day compliance with CHRIMP requirements? Have the spot checks included checking for improper stowage and use of HM in the HAZMINCEN and work-center lockers? Are spot checks conducted such that all divisions are checked at least twice per year? B0302a (6)

47. Has the safety officer executed the following inspections with the HAZMINCEN division: (1) Monthly satellite locker inspections; (2) Quarterly storeroom inspections? B0302a (6)

48. Has the safety officer evaluated the CHRIMP/HAZMINCEN program annually for compliance and effectiveness? B0302a (6)

49. Has the safety officer reported all HM mishaps as required by reference B3-10? B0302a (6)

50. Has the afloat environmental protection coordinator (AEPC) performed the functions described in reference B3-4 and ensured that HAZMINCEN pollution prevention afloat (P2A) equipment is operational and in use? B0302a (7)

51. Has the damage control assistant (DCA) coordinated HM spill response drills with the HAZMINCEN division as necessary? B0302a (8)

52. Has the damage control assistant (DCA) approved work-center HM storage locations/lockers in writing, as applicable, to support daily evolutions in coordination with the HAZMINCEN division? B0302a (8)

53. Has the medical department representative (MDR) assisted the HM coordinator/HM supervisor and work-center supervisors in training personnel regarding health information and personal protective equipment requirements for the HM they are using? B0302a (9)

54. Has the medical department representative (MDR) maintained a complete MSDS file? B0302a (9)


B3-C-9

Yes No55. Have the division supply petty officers/repair

parts petty officers requested HM from the HAZMINCEN and ensured before HM is ordered that a valid requirement exists? Have the division supply petty officers/repair parts petty officers used HM listed on the SHML to avoid open procurement of HM, and submitted an SFR to HAZMINCEN personnel whenever requesting HM not authorized by the SHML? B0302a (10)

56. Have the embarked unit supply petty officers/repair parts petty officers executed, in writing, an agreement detailing responsibilities of ships company and the embarked unit, including procurement, storage, reorder and offload of HM? B0302a (11)

57. Have the embarked unit supply petty officers/repair parts petty officers submitted requirements for hazardous material to the ship prior to embarking and provided a valid requirement for material needed on board ship (i.e., maintenance procedure, technical manual, etc.)? Have the embarked unit supply petty officers/repair parts petty officers ensured that the HM is screened against the ships T-SHML to ensure it is authorized for use on board ship? Have the embarked unit supply petty officers/repair parts petty officers given sufficient notice to allow the ship to order and receive the hazardous material? B0302a (11)

58. Have the embarked unit supply petty officers/repair parts petty officers offloaded any HM (not supplied by the ship) brought on board in accordance with applicable requirements? B0302a (11)

59. Have work-center supervisors ensured that required personal protective clothing and equipment are maintained and used? B0302a (12)


B3-C-10

Yes No60. Have work-center supervisors ensured that prior to

initial use or handling any HM, work-center personnel have been trained on the hazards associated with that material and are familiar with what an MSDS is, what it contains, and where a copy is available for review? Have work-center supervisors trained work-center personnel in the use of MSDS? B0302a (12)

61. Have work-center supervisors ensured that a valid maintenance requirement exists for any HM item not listed in the SHML and initiated a SFR? B0302a (12)

62. Have work-center supervisors removed unauthorized HM from the work-center? B0302a (12)

63. Have work-center supervisors ensured a copy of the hazardous material user’s guide (HMUG) is available for use by work-center personnel? B0302a (12)

64. Have work-center supervisors ensured that work-center HM lockers are secured, labeled and have contents identified and approved by the XO, safety officer, DCA, and HAZMINCEN division? B0302a (12)

65. Have all hands stowed or returned HM to approved locker or the HAZMINCEN upon completion of use or no later than the end of the workday?

66. Have all hands used and handled HM in accordance with the applicable MSDS and reference B3-8?

67. Have all hands collected and segregated any residue resulting from use of HM issued from the HAZMINCEN for turn-in to the supply department/HAZMINCEN?

68. Have all hands reported any spills of HM to the officer of the deck, and/or damage control central/central control station?

69. Have all hands completed annual HM awareness training?

OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE (OHS) SPILL RESPONSE Yes No70. Has the damage control assistant (DCA) developed

and implemented a spill contingency plan (SCP), using the Navy’s shipboard oil and hazardous substance (OHS) spill contingency plan guide per reference B3-4 and B3-13? B0304a (1)


B3-C-11

Yes No71. Has the damage control assistant (DCA) trained and

supervised ship's damage control teams (and fire department, if used aboard) in combating spills of HM and oil? B0304a (1)

72. Has the damage control assistant (DCA) provided training to divisions regarding reporting, initial handling, and cleanup of HM and oil spills, as requested? B0304a (1)

73. Has the damage control assistant (DCA) maintained the hazardous material spill response kit (AEL 2-550024007) and the oil spill response kit (AEL 2-550024006)? B0304a (1)

74. Has the damage control assistant (DCA) ensured that HM and oil spills are handled per appendices B3-A and B3-B? B0304a (1)

75. Has the damage control assistant (DCA) inspected OHS spill kits monthly and replenished material as required? B0304a (1)

76. Has the damage control assistant (DCA) maintained the OTTO fuel spill kit (AEL A006350027) to respond to OTTO fuel Spills? B0304a (1)


Appendix B3-D

HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT (HMC&M) CHECKLIST SUBMARINE PROGRAM

Yes No PROGRAM RESPONSIBILITIES 77. Has the commanding officer reported all HM mishaps

as required by OPNAVINST 5102/MCO P5102.1B? B303a (1)

78. Has the commanding officer reported to the fleet commanders by message, information to the chain of command, any conditions or system/equipment malfunctions that results in an overboard discharge of HM into or upon the marine environment per reference B3-4 and applicable operations orders (OPORDs)? B303a (1)

79. Has the commanding officer ensured that spills of HM are handled per the submarine SORM? B303a (1)

80. Has the executive officer granted written permission to carry on board any restricted HM during an underway period (refer to chapter D15 and reference B3-2 for definitions of submarine material control usage categories)? B303a(2)

81. Has the executive officer ensured assigned personnel follow the conditions under which restricted or limited HM are stored or used on board to minimize the release (off-gassing, mists, or vapors) of potential atmospheric contaminants into the submarine? B303a(2)

82. Has the executive officer reviewed the submarine material control log prior to each underway operation of 24 hours or greater, conducted in the recirculation mode, to ensure that restricted (R) items have been removed from the submarine? B303a(2)

83. Have the department heads ensured that HM retained within their work-centers is unique to the operations and maintenance of assigned equipment and does not exceed the quantity needed to satisfy operational requirements? B303a (3)

84. Have the department heads ensured used or excess HM is properly returned to the supply officer for turnover to the shore activity? B303a(3)


B3-D-2

Yes No85. Have the department heads reported all items found

with a restricted (R) or limited (L) use code that have not been logged in the submarine material control log to the supply officer for logging, labeling, and assignment of approved storage location, or disposal? B303a(3)

86. Have the department heads reported all items found that are not listed (categorized) in the submarine material control list (SMCL) to the supply officer? Items not listed in the SMCL are prohibited per paragraph D1502(a). B303a(3)

87. Have the department heads obtained written permission from the executive officer to retain on board restricted items during underway operations? B303a(3)

88. Have the department heads ensured that restricted items authorized for in-port-use-only are removed from the submarine as soon as the need for them no longer exists? Have the department heads informed the supply officer of their removal to allow documentation in the submarine material control log? B303a(3)

89. Have the department heads ensured that all HM in their custody are used, handled, and stowed per the requirements of chapter D15? B303a(3)

90. Has the supply officer/HM coordinator ensured that management of shipboard HM follows procedures outlined in chapter B3 and chapter D15? B303a(4)

91. Has the supply officer/HM coordinator ensured an MSDS is on file (either hard copy or on CD-ROM) for all types and brands of HM taken aboard? Has the supply officer/HM coordinator ensured that hard-copy MSDSs are readily accessible to personnel and their supervisors, and maintained the submarine hazardous material inventory and management system (SHIMS) which contains MSDS information? Has the supply officer/HM coordinator submitted hard copies of MSDSs which are not on the SHIMS system to Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, code 634? B303a(4)

92. Has the supply officer/HM coordinator ensured no prohibited HM is brought on board? B303a(4)


B3-D-3

Yes No93. Has the supply officer/HM coordinator maintained

the submarine material control log per paragraph D1502d? B303a(4)

94. Has the supply officer/HM coordinator ensured all HM brought on board is authorized for storage and use onboard by the submarine material control list (SMCL)? Has the supply officer/HM coordinator affixed an atmosphere contaminant tag (appendix D15-C) for any material that is a shipboard restricted (R) or limited (L) use code HM? B303a(4)

95. Has the supply officer/HM coordinator initiated an investigation of any item suspected of being an atmosphere contaminant per the procedures of reference B3-2 and submitted a SMCL feedback report per chapter D15? B303a(4)

96. Has the supply officer/HM coordinator ensured that all restricted (R) and limited (L) items are inventoried every six months or prior to a change of command? B303a(4)

97. Has the supply officer/HM coordinator reviewed the submarine material control log weekly in port and monthly underway? B303a(4)

98. Has the supply officer/HM coordinator obtained commanding officer’s written authorization prior to open purchasing any HM? B303a(4)

99. Has the medical department representative (MDR) assisted work-center supervisors in training personnel regarding health information and personal protective equipment requirements for the HM they are using? B303a(5)

100. Has the MDR provided medical assistance in the event of a HM spill or mishap involving HM and used MSDS information in SHIMS provided by the supply officer? B303a(5)

101. Have the division officers ensured that when HM is transferred into other containers the new containers are properly marked with the information specified in paragraph D1502d? B303a(6)


B3-D-4

Yes No102. Have the division officers ensured approved

personal protective clothing and equipment are available for HM operations or incidents and personnel are trained in their proper use and maintenance? B303a(6)

103. Have the division officers ensured personnel are made available to receive required HM training as detailed in section B0303c? B303a(6)

104. Have the division officers marked any PCB-containing electrical or electronic components per chapter D15? B303a(6)

105. Has the damage control assistant coordinated HM spill response drills with the HAZMINCEN division as necessary? B303a(7)

106. Has the repair parts petty officer ensured that before HM is ordered, a valid requirement (specifically required by a maintenance procedure or other shipboard operation) exists? Do repair parts petty officers use standard stock HM whenever possible to avoid procurement of open purchased HM? B303a(8)

107. Have the work-center supervisors ensured that approved personal protective clothing and equipment are maintained and utilized? B303a(9)

108. Have the work-center supervisors ensured that prior to using or handling any HM, work-center personnel have been trained on the hazards associated with that material and are familiar with what an MSDS is, what it contains, and where a copy is available for review? B303a(9)

109. Have the work-center supervisors ensured that a valid maintenance requirement exists for any HM item not listed in the SMCL and initiated a SMCL feedback report? B303a(9)

110. Have all hands ensured that HM is returned to appropriate stowage upon completion of use or at the end of the workday, whichever is earlier? B303a(10)

111. Have all hands followed instructions provided for the proper use of HM? B303a(10)

112. Have all hands collected and segregated any used HM for proper offload per chapter D15? B303a(10)


B3-D-5

Yes No113. Have all hands reported any spills of HM to the

duty officer (in port) or the chief of the watch (underway)? B303a(10)

114. Have all hands reported any violation of HM use, storage, and handling precautions to the supervisor for resolution/correction? B303a(10)

115. Have all hands been alerted to prevent the on board storage and use of restricted material during underway operations without prior approval/authorization from the executive officer? Are all hands using limited material per SMCL guidance? B303a(10)

OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE (OHS) SPILL RESPONSE Yes No116. Has the damage control assistant (DCA) provided

training and supervision of the command’s damage control efforts to combat HM and oil spills? Has the damage control assistant (DCA) conducted HM spill response training? B0304d (1)

117. Has the damage control assistant (DCA) provided training to divisions regarding reporting, initial handling, and cleanup of HM spills, as requested? B0304d (1)

118. Has the damage control assistant (DCA) maintained an OTTO FUEL spill kit (AEL A006350027) to respond to OTTO Fuel Spills? B0304d (1)

119. Has the damage control assistant (DCA) conducted hazardous material emergency response per the submarine SORM? Has the reporting requirements for a HM spill which goes over the side been followed?(reference B3-4) B0304d (1)


CHAPTER B4

HEARING CONSERVATION B0401. DISCUSSION The goal of the hearing conservation program (HCP) is to prevent occupational hearing loss and assure auditory fitness for duty of all Navy personnel. Noise-induced hearing loss is the fleet’s number one occupational health hazard. High intensity noise exposure results from a wide variety of shipboard operations, including gun or missile fire, aircraft noise, and ship’s propulsion systems. Operational risk assessment has shown that fleet costs in terms of man hours, personal hearing protector purchases, and noise abatement operations are readily offset by the preservation of effective communication, maintained quality of life, and reduction in disability expense which accompany an effective HCP process. As such, it is incumbent upon leadership to set the right example in their personal protective practices, to enforce compliance, and to ensure HCP receives their full support. B0402. HEARING CONSERVATION RESPONSIBILITIES

a. The commanding officer shall ensure that HCP is established and maintained within the command.

b. The safety officer shall:

(1) Request assistance from an industrial hygienist or occupational audiologist to conduct noise measurement and exposure analysis (survey) of areas and equipment. These measurements shall be taken by an industrial hygienist, occupational audiologist or by other individuals trained by an industrial hygienist or occupational audiologist.

(2) Maintain a record of noise hazardous areas and

equipment. The baseline or subsequent industrial hygiene surveys, where available, shall serve as documentation. Ensure that noise hazardous spaces/equipment are posted and labeled accordingly.


B4-2

(3) Ensure that all permanent threshold shifts that meet the criteria of paragraph B0409 are reported by medical departments in accordance with reference B4-1. These reports shall be periodically reviewed to determine any trends that could indicate inadequate use of hearing protection or uncontrolled overexposure to excessive noise levels.

c. Industrial hygiene officers shall:

(1) Maintain and ensure proper calibration of sound level measuring equipment.

(2) Annually, certify audiometric testing booths installed aboard the ships.

d. Division officers shall:

(1) Ensure personnel exposed to hazardous noise have and properly use hearing protection devices.

(2) Ensure that a space or piece of equipment that is designated as noise hazardous is properly posted and labeled.

(3) Ensure all personnel required to wear personal hearing protection are trained in the use and maintenance of that protective equipment, regardless of whether they require enrollment in HCP.

(4) Ensure personnel report for scheduled audiometric

testing and training.

(5) Ensure that personnel who require hearing retests due to a significant threshold shift (STS) are excluded from hazardous noise areas, defined as areas exceeding 84 dB(A) (A-weighted sound pressure level (SPL) measured in decibels) for continuous or 140 dBSPL peak, for at least 14 hours before the scheduled test. Hearing protection may not be used to meet this requirement.

NOTE:

Noise exclusion should not be imposed for individuals scheduled for annual hearing testing.


B4-3

(6) Coordinate with the medical department representative to identify personnel routinely exposed to hazardous levels of occupational noise.

e. The Medical Department Representative (MDR) shall:

(1) Coordinate with division officers to identify and maintain a current roster of personnel routinely exposed to hazardous levels of occupational noise, as guided by the baseline or other industrial hygiene surveys. In the absence of an appropriate industrial hygiene survey, or when it is clear that personnel have some level of exposure to hazardous noise, but on an infrequent or short-term basis, consult an industrial hygienist, occupational audiologist, or occupational medicine physician to determine the need for enrollment. The consultation may be informal (for example, by e-mail) as long as a printed record of the request and reply are available for retention by both parties. Convenience shall not be a criterion to determine inclusion in HCP.

(2) Conduct training for all hands during

indoctrination that includes the elements of the hearing conservation program. Elements and rationale for the HCP to include: proper wearing and maintenance of hearing protection devices; command program and individual responsibilities; individual’s responsibility in protecting their own hearing, and how hearing loss affects career progression, job performance and mission.

(3) Ensure annual refresher training, per B0408b for the HCP-enrolled personnel is performed. Reference B4-2 identifies suitable training materials and provides additional guidance.

(4) Consult the command industrial hygiene survey, or

an occupational health professional to determine the type of required hearing protective devices required for personnel. Maintain an adequate stock of various sizes, of non-disposable hearing protective devices to properly fit wearers.

(5) Schedule personnel in HCP for annual audiometric

testing. Ensure that all test results have been entered into each individual’s health record, uploaded to the defense occupational and environmental readiness system – hearing


B4-4

conservation (DOEHRS–HC) data repository, and that all appropriate and necessary follow-up actions are completed.

(6) Ensure that personnel who require hearing retests

due to a significant threshold shift (STS) are excluded from hazardous noise areas, defined as areas exceeding 84 dB(A) for continuous or 140 dBSPL peak, for at least 14 hours before the scheduled test. Hearing protection may not be used to meet this requirement.

(7) If audiometric testing is performed within the

MDR’s command, ensure the certification of annual electro-acoustic calibration of audiometers and audiometric test chambers. Technicians conducting testing will hold current DoD occupational hearing conservation certification (CAOHC) through completion of an approved DoD or Navy sponsored course.

(8) Report, to the safety officer, all permanent

threshold shifts toward deteriorated hearing, which have been determined to be consistent with occupational origin, to the safety officer. Report must include name, rate or rank, work-center and time onboard.

(9) Enter into the web-enabled safety system (WESS),

per reference B4-1, work-related significant threshold shift (STS). This is defined as hearing changes from baseline that average 10 dB or more at 2000, 3000, and 4000 Hertz (Hz) in one or both ears. In addition, OSHA reportable criterion is met when a change in the person’s total hearing level reaches 25 dB or greater above audiometric zero in the same ears and frequencies. If an audiologist, otologist, or occupational medicine physician determines that changes are not work related; their names may not be entered or should be removed from WESS.

f. All hands shall:

(1) Comply with hazardous noise warning labels wherever they appear, either in spaces or on equipment, and properly wear assigned hearing protective devices.

(2) Undergo hearing testing when designated.


B4-5

B0403. HEARING CONSERVATION PROGRAM ELEMENTS Hearing conservation program includes the following elements:

a. Noise measurement and exposure analysis to identify hazardous noise areas or sources and the personnel exposed

b. Application of engineering controls to reduce

hazardous noise to the maximum extent feasible. c. Use of hearing protective devices as an interim

measure where engineering controls are not feasible (paragraph B0406).

d. Periodic hearing testing of all personnel at risk to monitor the effectiveness of the process, and timely audiologic and medical evaluation of those personnel who demonstrate significant hearing loss or threshold shift (paragraph B0407). Results of all testing shall be captured electronically and transmitted to the central data repository as prescribed in reference B4-2.

e. Training regarding potentially hazardous noise areas

and sources, use and care of hearing protective devices, the effects of hazardous noise levels on hearing, and the command’s HCP process (paragraph B0408). B0404. NOISE MEASUREMENT AND EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT To effectively control noise, it is necessary that the noise be accurately measured according to standard procedures and that the measurements are properly evaluated against accepted criteria. NOTE:

For new construction ships, an airborne noise survey conducted by the shipbuilder for contract performance is not an acceptable substitute for the required noise survey and personal noise exposure assessment once the ship is loaded out with personnel and gear.

a. Noise Measurements. Noise measurements shall be

taken as part of the industrial hygiene survey described in


B4-6

chapter A3 of this instruction. A noise survey is required if one has not been performed, if the ship has completed a repair availability with significant work done on engineering systems, or if new equipment has been installed. These measurements shall be taken by an industrial hygienist, occupational audiologist or by other personnel trained by an industrial hygienist or occupational audiologist and shall consult with the cognizant industrial hygienist. Detailed information on noise measurements may be found in appendix B4-A. The safety officer shall retain a copy of noise measurement data per B0409.

b. Exposure Assessment

(1) The analysis of noise measurements to assess the

hazard potential is a complex task that shall be performed by an industrial hygienist or occupational audiologist. The exposure assessment shall be accomplished per reference B4-3.

(2) The criteria outlined in appendices B4-A and B4-B shall also be used to determine the degree of compliance with applicable standards.

(3) In the absence of an industrial hygienist's or

occupational audiologist's assessment to the contrary, personnel who routinely work in noise hazardous areas or with equipment that produces hazardous noise as defined in appendix B4-A, shall be included in HCP. Implementation of all available measures may not be necessary in every case. For example, visitors to a noise hazardous area shall be required to wear hearing protective equipment, but would not be required to have their hearing tested or be included on a roster of noise exposed personnel. See appendix B4-A for additional information.

(4) Information regarding removal of personnel from

HCP is provided in appendix B4-A.

c. Labeling of Hazardous Noise Areas and Equipment

(1) Designated hazardous noise areas and equipment that produce hazardous sound levels (see appendix B4-A) shall be appropriately labeled. NAVMED 6260/2, hazardous noise warning decal (8" x 10") NSN 0105-LF-004-7200 and the NAVMED 6260/2A, hazardous noise labels (2" x 2") NSN 0105-LF-004-7800, or their


B4-7

equivalents, are approved for marking hazardous noise areas and equipment.

(a) NAVMED 6260/2A or equivalent shall be used to label smaller, individual pieces of equipment or tools that produce hazardous noise.

(b) Noise hazard warning signs and labels shall be

annotated as to the circumstances or operations that create the noise hazardous condition when hearing protection is required (e.g., when generator is operating).

(2) Normally the outside of doors/hatches leading into a noise hazardous area shall be posted. However, topside and weather surfaces of a ship shall not be posted. In the event that a particular area is a noise hazardous area and has an entrance from a weather deck, the inside of the weather deck door/hatch shall be posted.

(3) Exteriors of military combatant equipment are excluded from this labeling requirement. However, personnel operating and maintaining combat equipment must be made fully aware of hazardous noise exposure conditions. B0405. NOISE ABATEMENT

a. Reduction of noise at the source is in the best interests of the Navy and its personnel. Areas and equipment that contain or produce potentially hazardous noise should be modified to reduce noise levels to within acceptable limits wherever it is technologically and operationally feasible.

b. Noise abatement actions will normally be accomplished

during ship or equipment design, construction or testing. Hazardous noise areas/equipment not identified during construction or post overhaul noise surveys are most likely due to malfunctioning equipment. Noise abatement actions recommended by the industrial hygienist or resulting from Board of Inspection and Survey (INSURV) inspections shall be documented as required in chapter A4 of this instruction, and implemented as soon as possible.

c. Additional information on noise abatement is

available in appendix B4-C.


B4-8

B0406. PERSONAL HEARING PROTECTIVE DEVICES

a. Personnel working in or entering designated hazardous noise areas or utilizing noise hazardous tools or equipment shall have hearing protective devices available at all times, and wear them without consideration of the duration of the exposure. Exceptions to this requirement must be documented by a qualified professional.

b. A combination of insert type and circumaural (muff) type hearing protective devices (double-protection) shall be worn:

(1) In all areas where sound levels exceed 104 dB(A), unless an occupational audiologist, industrial hygienist, or occupational medicine physician has determined that single protection is adequate for the anticipated duration of the exposure.

(2) When a medical officer or audiologist determines that double-protection is required.

c. All personnel exposed to gunfire in a training situation or to noise from large caliber gun or missile firing, under any circumstances, shall wear sufficient hearing protective devices (single protection up to and between 140 dBSPL peak and double protection at 165 dBSPL peak and above) to reduce the individual’s effective exposure level to below 84 dB(A)/140 dBSPL, administrative controls as discussed in appendices B4-B and B4-C will be required.

d. Assistance in the determination of which hearing protective device, or combination of devices, suitable for use in each situation, is available from an occupational audiologist, industrial hygienist, or occupational medicine physician. Hearing protection recommendations are contained in the baseline and periodic industrial hygiene surveys. Every effort shall be made to issue personal hearing protective devices suited to the location and duration of usage following the guidance contained in appendix B4-D. Appendix B4-D identifies standard stock hearing protective devices. Alternative hearing protective devices that have been evaluated and approved by one of the military services are identified on the Navy Environmental Health Center (NEHC) homepage at http://www-nehc.med.navy.mil

http://www-nehc.med.navy.mil


B4-9

e. For situations requiring unique hearing protection devices, guidance and approval shall be requested from Chief, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (BUMED).

f. In cases where an industrial hygienist, occupational medicine physician or occupational audiologist determines that hearing protective devices do not provide sufficient attenuation to reduce the individual's effective exposure level to below 84 dB(A), administrative controls as discussed in appendices B4-B and B4-C will be required. B0407. HEARING TESTING AND MEDICAL EVALUATION Personnel who are routinely required to work in designated noise hazardous areas or with labeled noise hazardous equipment shall be entered into HCP. Appendix B4-A provides detailed information on hearing testing.

a. Reference (Baseline) Hearing Tests. All personnel shall receive a baseline hearing test upon entry into naval service recorded on a reference audiogram (DD Form 2215). Hearing tests performed at military entrance processing stations (MEPS) shall not be used as a baseline hearing test.

b. Monitoring Hearing Tests. All personnel assigned to duties in designated noise hazardous areas or operating noise hazardous equipment shall be included in HCP. These persons shall receive a hearing test annually, beginning within one year of assignment to those duties, unless their exposure has been found to be of insufficient intensity and/or duration to require enrollment, based on a noise survey or the written opinion of an appropriate occupational health professional. Test results shall be uploaded to the DOEHRS-HC central data repository as well as recorded on a Hearing Conservation Data Form (Form DD 2216). Placement in HCP and annual hearing tests and appropriate follow-up testing shall continue for as long as the person remains in a noise hazardous environment.

c. Termination Hearing Tests. Personnel shall receive a

hearing test upon termination of service. d. Other Hearing Tests. Hearing tests performed for

reasons other than hearing conservation or routine physicals, such as complaints of hearing difficulties, difficulty


B4-10

understanding conversational speech or a sensation of ringing or fullness in the ear(s), shall be performed as indicated by a medical provider. The results of these tests should be recorded on a standard form (SF 600) and maintained in the health record. B0408. TRAINING

a. All personnel included in HCP shall receive training relative to HCP prior to working in noise hazardous areas or with noise hazardous equipment and annually thereafter. Initial training topics shall include:

(1) The elements and rationale for HCP including the effects of noise on hearing.

(2) Designated noise hazardous areas and equipment. (3) Proper use and maintenance of hearing protective

devices, including the advantages and disadvantages of each type of device.

(4) The necessity for periodic hearing testing, and a

description of test procedures. (5) Mandatory requirement to wear assigned protective

equipment, and administrative actions that may result from failure to comply.

(6) Off-duty hearing health hazards. (7) The effects of hearing loss on career longevity,

promotion and retention. (8) Communication in high-noise environments.

b. Annual refresher training must be conducted for

personnel enrolled in the HCP. Often this training is accomplished in conjunction with the annual audiogram. Reference B4-2 identifies suitable training materials and provides additional guidance.


B4-11

B0409. RECORDKEEPING a. Results of hearing tests performed for hearing conservation purposes and the results of exposure assessments shall be permanently recorded, uploaded to the defense occupational health readiness system-hearing conservation (DOEHRS-HC) data repository and retained in the member's health record. Baseline and reference audiograms which have been superseded as a result of the follow-up process shall be retained in the individual's health record along with relevant evaluation, disposition and referral notations.

b. Activities that do not use DOHRS-HC should contact the Navy Environmental Health and Training Center (NAVENVIRHLTHCEN) for guidance in including test data in the hearing conservation database.

c. The MDR shall maintain a current roster of personnel

who routinely work in designated noise hazardous areas and shall update this roster semi-annually. The MDR shall maintain a "tickler file" for scheduling annual audiometric examinations of these personnel. The MDR shall update the "tickler file" monthly with the results of the audiometric exams.

d. Accordance to the reporting requirements of reference

B4-1, an entry into the web-enabled safety system (WESS) must be made for any work-related STS in hearing. This pertains to a STS averaging 10 dB or more at 2000, 3000, and 4000 Hz in one or both ears, and the person’s total hearing level is 25 decibels or more above audiometric zero in the same ears (averaged at 2000, 3000, 4000 Hz). Names are not to be added if an audiologist, otologist, or occupational medicine physician confirms the shift is not of occupational origin. When a reportable hearing loss occurs from an instantaneous event (e.g., acoustic trauma from a one-time blast or over-pressure) the hearing loss shall be reported as an injury.


B4-12

CHAPTER B4

REFERENCES B4-1. OPNAVINST 5102.1D/MCO P5102.1B, Navy and Marine Corps Mishap and Safety Investigation, Reporting, and Recordkeeping Manual B4-2. NEHC Technical Manual, TM-6260.51.99-2, Navy Medical Department Hearing Conservation Program Procedures B4-3. NEHC Technical Manual, TM-6290.91-B, Industrial Hygiene Field Operations Manual B4-4. American National Standard Specification for Sound Level Meters, S1.4A-1985, American National Standards Institute (NOTAL -- Should be held by commands with sound level meters). B4-5. American National Standard Specification for Personal Noise Dosimeters, S1.25-1991, American National Standards Institute (NOTAL -- Should be held by commands with personal noise dosimeters).

B4-6. DoD Instruction 6055.12, DoD Hearing Conservation Program (HCP) (NOTAL), of 5 March 2004

B4-7. American National Standard Specification for Audiometers, S3.6-1989, American National Standards Institute (NOTAL -- Should be held by commands with audiometers) B4-8. OPNAVINST 4720.2G B4-9. NAVSEA T9640-AB-DDT-010/HAB, Shipboard Habitability Design Criteria Manual (NOTAL)


Appendix B4-A

HEARING CONSERVATION DETAILED INFORMATION This appendix provides detailed information regarding hearing conservation that will be of value to the ship’s Medical and Safety Departments. 1. Navy Occupational Exposure Level (NOEL). The NOEL for occupational exposure to noise is listed below:

a. For an eight-hour time-weighted average (TWA) of 84 decibels on the A-weighted scale (dB(A)) for frequencies of 20 to 16,000 Hertz (Hz)

b. For periods of less than 16 hours in any 24-hour period, the NOEL can be determined from the following equation: T = 16/(2^([(L - 80)/4])) Where: T = time in hours (decimal) L = effective sound level in dB(A)

NOTE:

When two or more periods of noise exposure of different levels comprise the daily noise exposure, their combined effect must be considered. If the sum of the following expression exceeds unity (i.e., >1), then the mixed exposure exceeds the NOEL:

C1/T1 + C2/T2 + ... Cn/Tn

Where C indicates the total time of exposure at a specified noise level and T represents the time of exposure permitted at that level.

c. For impact or impulse noise - 140 dB(A) peak sound

pressure level.

d. When TWA exposures are likely to exceed 84 dB(A), then personnel shall be included in Hearing Conservation.


B4-A-2

2. Noise Measurements and Exposure Assessments. To effectively control noise it is necessary to accurately measure noise according to standard procedures and properly evaluate the measurements against accepted criteria. a. Noise Measurements. Noise measurements shall be taken as a part of the industrial hygiene survey described in chapter A3. (1) Sound level meters shall conform, at a minimum, to the Type II requirements cited in reference B4-4. An acoustical calibrator, accurate to within plus or minus one decibel, shall be used to calibrate the instrument before each survey and to revalidate the calibration at the conclusion of the survey. The sound level meter and acoustical calibrator will be electroacoustically calibrated annually. Contact NAVENVIRHLTHCEN Norfolk to schedule the calibration of this equipment. (a) Continuous or intermittent steady state noise shall be measured in dB(A) with a sound level meter set for slow response. Whenever levels in excess of 84 dB(A) are recorded, C-weighted measurements, dB(C) shall also be taken to permit more accurate determination of hearing protector attenuation requirements. (b) Impact or impulse noise shall be measured as dB peak sound pressure level (reference: 20 μPa) with an instrument capable of accurate impact noise measurement. Reference B4-4 provides specific details. (2) In cases where high worker mobility, significant variations in sound levels, or a significant component of impulse noise make area monitoring generally inappropriate, personal dosimetry shall be conducted. Personal noise dosimeters shall meet the class 2A-84/80-4 requirements of reference B4-5 and have an operating range of at least 80 dB(A) to 130 dB(A). The assessment of dosimetry results must consider how representative the measured exposure is of the exposure anticipated over longer time periods. (3) Work environments found to have noise levels greater than 84 dB(A) (continuous or intermittent), or 140 dB peak sound pressure level for impact or impulse noise shall be


B4-A-3

analyzed to determine the potential hazard and shall be resurveyed within 30 days of any significant modifications or changes in work routine which could impact/alter the noise intensity/exposure level. (4) All noise measurements taken to determine an individual's exposure shall be conducted with the microphone of the measuring instrument placed at a height which most closely approximates the position/location of the worker's ear during normal working conditions. Repeated measurements may be required during a single day and/or on different days of the week to account for the variations in noise levels produced by changes in operational schedules and procedures.

(5) The record of noise measurements shall be kept by the measuring activity for a period of 50 years. If measurements are made by a ship's IHO, the records shall be turned over to a supporting shore medical activity for retention. The shore activity will establish a file for each ship. Records shall include, as a minimum the number, type, and location of the noise sources; number and identification of personnel in the work area and their daily noise exposure and duration; type, model, serial number of test equipment, and calibration data; location, date, and time of noise measurements; noise levels measured and hazard radius; and the name and signature of the person(s) who made the survey. Noise survey data will be recorded on NEHC 5100/17 and 5100/18 forms or using a computer-generated equivalent containing all the data fields of these forms. b. Exposure Assessment. The specialized equipment to be used by an industrial hygienist or occupational audiologist may include octave band analyzers, recorders and personal noise dosimeters. (1) The criteria outlined in paragraph 1, Navy occupational exposure limits (NOEL) shall be used to determine the degree of compliance with applicable standards. (2) A noise hazardous area is defined as: (a) Any work area where the A-weighted sound level (continuous or intermittent) is routinely greater than 84 dB(A).


B4-A-4

(b) Any work area where the peak sound pressure level (impulse or impact noise) routinely exceeds 140 dB.

NOTE:

Routinely is defined as those areas/equipment where the noise is of sufficient intensity and duration that it can reasonably be expected exposure will result in a loss of hearing sensitivity.

(3) Noise hazardous equipment is that which produces sound levels greater than 84 B(A) or 140 dB peak sound pressure level.

(4) Per reference B4-6, eight-hour time-weighted average (TWA) noise levels shall be determined for all personnel working in noise hazardous areas at least once during assignment and within 30 days of any change in operations affecting noise levels.

(5) A risk assessment code (RAC) shall be assigned to all potentially hazardous noise areas and operations (see chapter A4). This will normally be accomplished as part of the industrial hygiene surveys described in chapter A3.

(6) Since there are a wide variety of noise measuring instruments in use, any one of the following methods should be used. In each case, it is necessary to take a sufficient number of measurements to achieve a representative noise sample. (a) When using a dosimeter that is capable of C-weighted measurements: 1. Obtain the C-weighted dose for the entire workshift, and convert to TWA sound level (see dosimeter instruction manual for conversion table). 2. Subtract the NRR from the C-weighted TWA to obtain the estimated A-weighted TWA under the ear protector. (b) When using a dosimeter that is not capable of C-weighted measurements, the following method may be used: 1. Convert the A-weighted dose to TWA (see dosimeter instruction manual).


B4-A-5

2. Subtract 7 dB from the NRR value. 3. Subtract the remainder from the A-weighted TWA to obtain the estimated A-weighted TWA under the ear protector. (c) When using a sound level meter set to the A-weighted network: 1. Obtain the A-weighted TWA. 2. Subtract 7 dB from the NRR and subtract the remainder from the A-weighted TWA to obtain the estimated A-weighted TWA under the ear protector. (d) When using a sound level meter set on the C-weighting network: 1. Obtain a representative sample of the C-weighted sound levels in the environment. 2. Subtract the NRR from the C-weighted average sound level to obtain the estimated A-weighted TWA under the ear protector. The effective reduction of any combination of insert plugs with circumaural muffs (double protection) is considered to be approximately 30 dB. If the result of subtracting the estimated reduction value of a particular device or combination of devices from the measured workplace sound level is determined to be below 84 dB(A) or 140 dB peak, the protection is considered to be adequate. However, should the eight-hour (protected) TWA exceed 84 dB(A), administrative controls shall be instituted to reduce personnel exposure to acceptable levels.

c. Removal of Personnel from Hearing Conservation. A conservative approach will be taken in making a decision to remove personnel from hearing conservation. (1) Judgments shall be based on repeated and representative measurements that indicate that the individual is exposed to less than 70 percent noise dose or has an eight-hour time-weighted average (TWA) of less than 82 dB(A). This ensures,


B4-A-6

with an approximate 95% confidence level, that individuals will not be overexposed. (2) Recommendations for removal of individuals who are already included in the hearing conservation will be made only by professionals qualified to perform or evaluate noise exposure assessments. In no case will individuals already included in hearing conservation be disenrolled based upon exposure assessment alone without concurrence from an audiologist or qualified physician. Such concurrence is necessary to avoid exclusion of personnel who are noise susceptible or at exceptional risk due to pre-existing hearing loss. See paragraph 4d for hearing tests for personnel being removed from hearing conservation. 3. Personal Hearing Protective Devices. In cases where personal hearing protection devices do not sufficiently reduce personnel effective exposure levels to less than 84 dB(A) administrative control of exposure time will be necessary. A table of noise exposure limits is found in appendix B4-B. 4. Hearing Testing and Medical Evaluation a. Hearing Test. Audiometers used in the performance of hearing tests shall conform to the standards defined in the most current edition of reference B4-7. Hearing tests shall be pure tone, air conduction hearing threshold examinations to include, as a minimum, test frequencies of 500, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000 and 6,000 Hz and shall be taken separately for each ear. Tests shall be performed by an audiologist, otolaryngologist, qualified physician or by a person certified by the NAVENVIRHLTHCEN Norfolk or the equivalent organization of another U.S. military service. Hearing tests shall be conducted in an audiometric chamber with internal ambient sound levels not exceeding those prescribed in reference B4-6. (1) Audiometric booths must be certified annually by an industrial hygienist, audiologist or other qualified personnel under their direct supervision. (2) The use of noise excluding audiometric earphones is not permitted to augment the performance of a deficient (e.g., non-certifiable) audiometric test room. Their use for


B4-A-7

minimizing ambient noise masking effects during testing is allowed within a certified room. b. Reference (Baseline) Hearing Tests (1) All personnel included in hearing conservation program shall have a reference hearing test (form DD 2215) in their medical record. (2) All reference hearing tests shall be preceded by at least 14 hours without exposure to workplace noise. This requirement may not be met by wearing hearing protective devices. Reference (baseline) hearing tests will not be conducted if there is evidence of a transient medical condition that would affect hearing threshold. (3) Personnel who do not have a reference audiogram filed in their health record shall not be assigned to duty in a designated hazardous noise area involving exposure to hazardous noise until a reference hearing test has been performed. In these cases, hearing threshold levels in either ear in the excess of an average of 25 dB for the frequencies of 500 - 3000Hz or 45dB at any frequency greater than 4000Hz must be evaluated by an audiologist. c. Monitoring Hearing Test. All personnel included in hearing conservation program will receive annual monitoring hearing tests for as long as they remain enrolled, unless otherwise indicated in the following paragraphs. Additional hearing tests may also be conducted when there are individual complaints of hearing difficulties (e.g., difficulty in understanding speech or a sensation of ringing or fullness in the ear(s)). At the discretion of an audiologist or medical officer, evaluation and medical record entries will be necessary to discover and document the existence of occupational versus non-occupational etiology.

NOTE:

All personnel shall bring their personal hearing protective devices with them when they report for monitoring audiometry.

(1) Consult reference B4-2 for detailed Medical Department guidance for the provision of monitoring audiometry,


B4-A-8

follow-up testing, and case management of personnel with noise-induced hearing loss. (2) The monitoring audiogram shall be compared to the most current reference audiogram to determine if a significant threshold shift (STS) has occurred. (a) Significant threshold shift (STS) is defined as a change of 15 dB or greater at any test frequency from 1000 to 4000 Hz in either ear or a change in hearing averaging 10 dB or more at 2000, 3000 and 4000 Hz in either ear. (b) When an STS is identified, additional monitoring hearing tests shall be performed to determine if the threshold shift is temporary or permanent in nature. The member's division officer or MDR will be informed of the time and place for follow-up testing. (c) A significant threshold shift will be considered permanent when so determined by an audiologist or appropriately trained physician. Individuals will be informed in writing within 21 days of any permanent threshold shift toward deteriorated hearing. When the permanent threshold shift results from exposure to hazardous noise levels, the hearing loss shall be reported to the safety officer and department head by memo that a possible breach in the hearing conservation control procedures has occurred, resulting in a hearing loss. (3) Any individual who has hearing loss in both ears in which the sum of thresholds at the frequencies of 3000, 4000 and 6000 Hz exceeds a total of 270 dB or has their reference hearing test (form DD 2215) re-established three times will not be assigned to duties involving exposure to hazardous noise until evaluated and waived by an audiologist, otologist, or occupational medicine physician. d. Removal Hearing Tests. Individuals who are removed from hearing conservation will be given a hearing test to document auditory status at the time of removal from noise hazardous duties. Results of this test will be recorded on DD 2216. e. Disposition Following Monitoring Hearing Tests. Pure tone air conduction monitoring hearing tests are designed to


B4-A-9

detect small changes in hearing and identify problems before the individual suffers hearing loss that interferes with verbal communications. Detection is made by comparing the current monitoring audiogram with the reference audiogram to determine STS. (1) Annual (a) If the annual audiogram shows no significant threshold shift, the individual shall be returned to duty and recalled for hearing testing in one year. (b) If the annual audiogram shows STS toward improved hearing, then the individual should be re-tested immediately to determine if the baseline/reference test was in error, hearing has actually improved, or the annual test was invalid. If the repeat audiogram continues to show STS and is plus or minus 5 dB from the annual test, re-establish the reference based on the first follow-up test and repeat the test in one year. Nothing else is required. (c) If the annual audiogram shows a significant threshold shift toward deteriorated hearing, then the individual must be re-tested following at least 14 hours of exclusion from noise levels in excess of 80 dB(A). Because the presence of a STS implies that hearing protective equipment used may be inadequate, physical exclusion from noise may not be accomplished by the use of hearing protective equipment. The physical exclusion period is referred to as "auditory rest." The required 14 hours of "auditory rest" is usually sufficient to allow a temporary STS to return to pre-exposure levels. (2) Follow-up No. 1

(a) If the first follow-up audiogram shows no significant threshold shift relative to the reference audiogram (i.e., STS has resolved), personnel shall have their hearing protective devices refitted, be re-indoctrinated in their use, and returned to duty to be recalled for a hearing test in one year. (b) If the first follow-up supports the existence of STS, then a possible conductive or mechanical basis for the shift must be ruled out before proceeding with follow-up. The preferred method to rule out conductive hearing loss is through


B4-A-10

screening tympanometry and otoscopy, provided by the audiometric technician or MDR. Subjects who demonstrate normal otoscopy and tympanometry should have that fact noted on a SF 600, and may then immediately receive their second follow-up hearing test. If tympanometry is unavailable, then any health care provider can provide examination and clearance to continue the audiometric test sequence. Otoscopic/tympanometric anomaly requires medical evaluation prior to resuming the test sequence. Again, the second follow-up may be given on the same day as the first follow-up if middle ear function is normal. (c) At any point in the monitoring process, a health care provider has the option of discontinuing the sequence and referring the patient to an audiologist for further evaluation, if results appear invalid or a severe condition is suspected. (3) Follow-up No. 2

(a) If the second follow-up test shows no STS relative to the reference audiogram, personnel shall have their hearing protective devices refitted, be re-trained in their use, and be returned to duty. (b) If the second follow-up test continues to show STS relative to the reference audiogram, the health care provider will refer the individual for diagnostic evaluation or consultation with an audiologist. However, for personnel who continue to demonstrate essentially normal hearing sensitivity despite their threshold shift, the audiologist or suitably trained physician who would otherwise receive the referral may elect to provide a written protocol for case management. The protocol may include the option of shipboard counseling and revision of the reference audiogram without additional testing or review.

f. Re-established Reference Audiograms. Monitoring audiograms are compared to the baseline or reference audiogram to determine changes in hearing levels. When, in the opinion of an audiologist or medical officer, the change in hearing (for the better or worse) is permanent, a new reference audiogram may be established for future hearing level comparisons. This re-established reference audiogram does in no way replace the original baseline or reference audiogram established at the


B4-A-11

start of service, which may still be used to determine hearing losses at the termination of military service. g. Termination Hearing Tests. Personnel shall receive a hearing test upon termination of service.


Appendix B4-B

ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL OF NOISE EXPOSURE WITH HEARING PROTECTIVE DEVICES (STAY TIME)

________________________________________________________________

Limiting time (hr: min per 24 hour day) Sound level Hearing protector noise reduction (dB) dB(A) 10 20 30 40 90 16 -- -- -- 94 8 -- -- -- 98 4 -- -- -- 102 2 11:18 -- -- 106 1 5:39 -- -- 110 0:30 2:49 16 -- 114 0:15 1:25 8 -- 118 -- 0:42 4 -- 122 -- 0:21 2 11:18 126 -- -- 1 5:39 130 -- -- 0:30 2:49 134 -- -- 0:15 1:25 138 -- -- -- 0:42 ________________________________________________________________ NOTE: Values other than those given above may be calculated using the formula: T = 16/(2^([(L-80)/4])) Where: T = Time in hours (decimal) L = Effective sound level, (dB(A)) Intermediate values may be interpolated by adding or subtracting the decibel difference to the appropriate column.


Appendix B4-C

ADDITIONAL NOISE ABATEMENT INFORMATION 1. Introduction. The primary means of protecting Navy personnel from hazardous noise levels shall be through the application of engineering controls. Administrative controls (e.g., the adjustment of work schedules to limit exposure) are also effective but often result in some loss in productivity. Personal protective equipment (earplugs or muffs) shall be the permanent solution only when engineering or administrative controls are considered to be infeasible or cost prohibitive. General hazard (including noise) control techniques are discussed in more detail in chapter A3; therefore, this chapter will address only specific concepts. 2. Preventive Measures. It is much less costly to eliminate potential noise problems in the design or procurement stage for new processes, equipment, and facilities than it is to make retrofits or modifications after the fact. The following guidance is provided to meet this objective. a. Procurement specifications for all new machinery and equipment to be located in spaces where personnel are required to perform work shall prescribe the noise emission level that will ensure, within reasonable accuracy, an A-weighted sound level of 84 dB or less at all locations in which personnel are required to work. b. New ship design (1) Low noise emitting equipment and acoustical treatment shall be incorporated during the various design stages for all new construction ships so that the equivalent noise level at watch-stander stations is less than 84 dB(A) under full power operating conditions. (2) Procurement specifications for all new machinery and equipment to be located in spaces where personnel are required to perform work shall prescribe the noise emission level that will ensure an A-weighted sound level of less than 84 dB at all locations in which personnel are required to work.


B4-C-2

c. Repeat ship design. The policy cited above shall apply and incorporate the noise control technology and personnel noise dosages learned from previous ship designs.

d. Ship alteration. Ship alteration prioritization policy established in reference B4-8 shall form the basis of selecting ships for noise control. All watch-stander stations in machinery spaces will not exceed a maximum, equivalent noise level of 84dB(A) under full power operation conditions. Where achieving no more than 84 dB(A) under full power operating conditions is not economically and technologically feasible, watch-stander stations will not exceed a maximum, equivalent noise level of 90 dB(A) at sustained speed operating conditions. e. The policy stated in paragraphs 2b, c, and d does not apply to high performance ships, experimental ships or special purpose ships for which noise reduction technology application is not feasible. In these uniquely military situations, COMNAVSEASYSCOM, in conjunction with BUMED, will study and develop suitable noise requirements, engineering controls, and hearing protective devices to protect personnel from hazardous noise levels based on ship operating requirements and personnel rest-duty cycles. 3. Abatement of Existing Noise Hazards a. Abatement of hazardous noise levels shall be undertaken, to the extent possible or practicable, by one or more of the following methods: (1) By engineering design to eliminate or reduce the noise level of machinery, equipment, and other operating devices/facilities to acceptable levels. (2) By damping the noise by means of lamination, mufflers, mountings, couplings, supports, insulation or application of acoustic materials. (3) By acoustical enclosure of the noise producer. (4) By isolation of the noise producer to a point where the noise will affect fewer personnel.


B4-C-3

(5) By substitution of less noisy operations (e.g., welding in lieu of riveting). (6) By administrative controls which limit exposure (e.g., control of work schedules). 4. Airborne Noise Criteria for Navy ships and submarines. In accordance with reference B4-9, noise levels have been established as acceptable compartment noise levels for habitability and occupational health. They are categorized according to personnel functional requirements and apply under all ship operating conditions. These criteria apply to steady-state noise and do not apply to impact or impulsive type noise. This information is provided to aid in assessing noise abatement priorities. a. Definitions of Airborne Noise Categories. (1) Category A. Spaces in which direct speech communication must be understood with minimal error and without need for repetition. Acceptable noise levels are based on approximate talker-listener distances of either three feet or twelve feet. Category A-3 shall be assigned when extreme talker-listener distance is less than six feet. Category A-12 shall be assigned when the extreme talker-listener distance is six feet or greater. A-3 or A-12 designators are dependent on compartment size and arrangement which influence talker-listener distances. (2) Category B. Spaces in which comfort of personnel is the primary consideration. (3) Category C. Spaces in which it is essential to maintain especially quiet conditions. (4) Category D. High noise level areas in which prevention of hearing loss is the primary consideration. (5) Category E. High noise level areas in which voice communication is at high vocal effort and short distance and where amplified speech mechanisms and telephones are normally available.


B4-C-4

b. Noise Category Assignments. Airborne noise categories are based upon the functional requirements of shipboard spaces. Typical assignments are identified below. Ship spaces not specifically listed shall be assigned the same airborne noise category as a listed space which supports a similar function.

(1) Category A-12.

Air traffic and tactical control centers Briefing rooms Chart room Bridge/Pilot House Combat information center (CIC) Communication Control center Enclosed operation station Missile compartment Squadron ready room Training space Wardroom mess and flag officer’s mess and lounge

(2) Category A-3.

Chart room Close-in Weapon System (CIWS) control room Conference room Computer room and DPC Control rooms Damage control central Dental/medical offices Electronic shop Maneuvering room Missile compartment Missile control center Offices Radio room

(3) Category B.

Barber shop Berthing and living spaces Library multimedia resource center Lounges Medical wards Messrooms Recreation areas Ship store


B4-C-5

(4) Category C.

Chapel and chaplain offices Libraries Medical spaces Sonar control room or areas

(5) Category D.

Auxiliary machinery rooms Document destruction room Electronic equipment space (Note 1) Engine rooms Fire rooms Galley spaces Laundry spaces Main machinery rooms Passages Power supply/power conversion room Scullery Steering gear room Storerooms, unmanned/unoccupied (Note 2) Workshops (Note 3)

(6) Category E.

Armory/magazine/munitions storeroom/weapons stowage areas

Boatswain workshop (Note 4) Bridge wings Decontamination station Electronic equipment space (e.g., radio and radar

equipment rooms) (Note 1) Enclosed operating station (if not feasible to meet category A-12) Flag bridge Issue rooms Officer of the deck stations Open bridge and topside watch stations Physical fitness spaces Propulsion plant maneuvering areas Refueling and replenishment stations Repair lockers Signal bridge and signal shelter Torpedo room Workshops (Note 3)


B4-C-6

NOTE 1: Wherein command communications do not occur and no

routine operator attention to the equipment is required. NOTE 2: Except for rooms which contain hazardous materials

such as munitions and flammable liquids. NOTE 3: Except wherein hazardous materials are handled or a

high degree of concentration is necessary, e.g. electronic repair workshop, decontamination workshop, CIWS workshop [with repair equipment secured].

NOTE 4: If normally occupied or used as an issue room, with

repair equipment secured.

(3) Acceptable Airborne Noise Levels. The following indicates acceptable “A” weighted airborne noise levels for all shipboard categories. For design, engineering, and procurement purposes, other more detailed or specific criteria, such as octave band, may be used to supplement these A-weighted criteria. Noise Category Level Sound Pressure Level (dBA)

A-12 60 A-3 70 B 65 C 60 D 84 E 75


Appendix B4-D

HEARING PROTECTIVE DEVICES

This table identifies standard stock hearing protective devices. Alternative hearing protective devices that have been evaluated and approved by one of the military services are identified on the Navy Environmental Health Center (NEHC) homepage at (http://www-nehc.med.navy.mil/occmed/index_audiology.htm) under Hearing Protection

Manufacturers Nomenclature/NSN

Type of Protector

Federal Nomenclature

1

Ear Defender V-51R 6515-00-442-4765

Insert Earplug (sized)

Plug, Ear, Noise Protection 24's (X-Small) (White)

2

Ear Defender V-51R 6515-00-467-0085


Plug, Ear, Noise Protection 24's (Small) (Green)

3

Ear Defender V-51R 6515-00-467-0089


Plug, Ear, Noise Protection 24's (Medium) (Intl. Orange)

4

Ear Defender V-51R 6515-00-442-4807


Plug, Ear, Noise Protection 24's (Large) (Blue)

5

Ear Defender V-51R 6515-00-442-4813


Plug, Ear, Noise Protection 24's (X-Large) (Red)

6

Comfit, Triple Flange 6515-00-442-4821


Plug, Ear, Noise Protection 24's (Small) (Green)

7



Plug, Ear, Noise Protection 24's (Medium) (Intl. Orange)

8



Plug, Ear, Noise Protection 24's (Large)(Blue)

http://www-nehc.med.navy.mil/occmed/index_audiology.htm


B4-D-2

Manufacturers Nomenclature/NSN

Type of Protector

Federal Nomenclature

9

Silaflex (Blister Pack) 6515-00-133-5416

Non-Hardening Silicone

Plug, Ear, Noise Protection, Cylindrical, Disposable 200's

10

EAR or Deci-Damp 6515-00-137-6345

Foam Plastic Insert

Plug, Ear, Noise Universal Size, Yellow 200 pr

11

Sound-Ban 6515-00-392-0726 6515-00-181-8058

Headband, Earcaps

Plug, Ear, Hearing Protection Universal Size

12

Straightaway Muffs 4240-00-759-3290 4240-00-674-5379 4240-00-979-4040

High Performance Circumaural Muffs For 9 AN/2 For 9 AN/2

Aural Protector Sound 372-9 AN/2 Replacement Filler, Dome Replacement Seal, Dome

13

Ear Plug Cases 6515-01-100-1674

Case, Earplug

14

Circumaural Muff 4240-00-22-2946

Type II Headband/Napeband

Aural Protector, Sound

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE FEATURES OF HEARING PROTECTIVE DEVICES

Type Wear Positive Negative Length of Wear Earplug (V-51R or Triple Flange)

After adaptation can be used for long periods. Relatively inexpensive

Individual fitting by medical personnel. May cause initial soreness/irritation

Long term (3-4 hours)

Headband Ear Caps (Sound-Ban)

Quickly fitted without touching

Uncomfortable after 1 hour

Short term. Easily carried

Circumaural Muffs

Comfortable. May be worn over plugs. Most universal fit for most users

Expensive. Heavy. Difficult to carry. Fit may be compromised by long hair or eyeglasses

Long or short-term

One single type of hearing protective device will not meet the needs of all noise-exposed personnel. The appropriate type of hearing protective device should be selected based upon a consideration of the factors listed above in


B4-D-3

addition to the degree of attenuation required in a particular situation. The most convenient method of making this determination is the Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The NRR is usually shown on the hearing protector package. The NRR is then related to an individual worker's noise environment in order to assess the adequacy of the attenuation of a given hearing protector.


CHAPTER B5

SIGHT CONSERVATION B0501. DISCUSSION

a. Navy policy requires that personnel working in eye-hazard areas or operations are provided adequate eye protection at government expense. Examples of potentially eye hazardous operations are: warfighting and operational training, cutting and welding, drilling, grinding, milling, chipping, sand blasting, or other dust and particle producing operations and pouring or handling molten metals or corrosive liquids and solids. Personnel in the immediate vicinity of such operations or entering a posted eye hazard area shall wear eye protective equipment.

b. Devices for eye protection, such as safety glasses,

chipper's goggles, welder's goggles, chemical goggles, and face shields, shall be selected using the guidance provided in appendix B5-A. This appendix complies with references B5-1 through B5-4. As a minimum, the protective devices provided shall be approved by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), labeled "Z87" or “Z87+” in the case of ballistic eye protection devices, and adequate for the hazards specified.

c. Refer to specific chapters for eye protection

guidance. B0502. PROGRAM RESPONSIBILITIES

a. The commanding officer shall:

(1) Ensure that an effective sight conservation program is established within his or her command.

(2) Place emphasis on leadership by example regarding

wearing of sight protection equipment.

b. The safety officer shall:

(1) Evaluate areas, processes, and equipment for sight hazards if not previously evaluated or modifications have been


B5-2

made. Determine appropriate sight protective equipment per the baseline industrial hygiene survey, or appendix B5-A. Assistance may be requested from an industrial hygienist if difficulty in making such a determination is experienced.

(2) Maintain a current listing of all areas and

processes that require eye protection and those areas that require eye wash or deluge shower facilities. A list of eye hazardous areas and processes and eye wash or deluge shower requirements is provided in the baseline industrial hygiene survey, and shall be updated as needed.

(3) Evaluate the program at least annually. A

checklist for program evaluation is provided in appendix B5-B.

c. Division officers shall:

(1) Ensure that areas identified as eye hazardous are properly marked and labeled per paragraph B0504.

(2) Ensure personnel use proper eye protective devices

when required. (3) Ensure that personnel who work in eye hazard areas

or operations are trained on the need for and proper use of protective eyewear and on the location and use of eyewash and deluge shower facilities.

(4) Refer personnel who wear corrective eyewear and

work in eye hazard areas to obtain prescriptive safety eyewear via the medical department.

d. The medical department representative (MDR) shall provide personnel who require corrective lenses and work in eye hazard areas, with prescription eyewear. Safety eyewear must have permanent side shields that meet the ANSI test requirements for that specific frame. These side shields are not to be removed by employees.

NOTE:

Ballistic eye protection spectacles systems have built-in side impact protection that is part of the primary protector shield.


B5-3

e. All hands shall:

(1) Comply with posted eye hazard warning labels. (2) Properly wear required eye protective equipment.

B0503. SIGHT CONSERVATION ELEMENTS

a. List of eye hazard areas and processes. b. Medical screening. c. Issue and maintenance of sight protection equipment

(paragraph B0506). d. Procedures for the use and issue of temporary

protective eyewear (paragraph B0507). e. Establishment of emergency eyewash and deluge shower

facilities (paragraph B0508). f. Training (paragraph B0509).

B0504. DETERMINATION and DESIGNATION of EYE-HAZARDOUS AREAS and PROCESSES

a. Determination. The baseline industrial hygiene survey will make an initial determination of eye-hazardous areas/processes and eye wash and deluge shower requirements, and list them in the survey report. The list shall include specific eye protection equipment requirements for each area or process. The safety officer will maintain and ensure that this list(s) remains current. The safety officer shall evaluate subsequent equipment/work processes introduced into the workplace to determine if they present an eye hazardous condition. The safety officer will request the assistance of an industrial hygienist, to assist in this determination, as needed.

b. Designation. The ship (or construction/repair yard) shall mark permanently installed equipment and processes that are eye-hazard areas with three-inch deck striping and a CAUTION sign.

(1) The deck around an immediate eye hazard shall be marked with a three-inch black and yellow striped or


B5-4

checkerboard tape or similarly painted. This tape is available under NSN 9Q/9905-01-342-5934 (checkerboard) or 9Q/9905-01-342-5933 (striped). Place the deck marking around equipment operator areas in the vicinity of where the eye hazard is generated (i.e., where there are flying chips from a lathe). Avoid placing the deck markings at the entrance of a space or shop if only selected areas of the shop, while equipment is in operation, are eye hazardous.

(2) Mount the eye hazard sign directly above the

hazard, component, machinery, boundary bulkhead, or door in a conspicuous location. The CAUTION sign shall conform to NSN 9Q/9905-01-100-8203, "CAUTION, Eye Protection Required in This Area." Eye hazard signs or labels are also available through open purchase. Eye hazard signs and labels are not required on individual tools. Avoid placing the signs at the entrance of a space or shop if only selected areas of the shop, while equipment is in operation, are eye hazardous. B0505. MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE Medical surveillance is required only for personnel covered by chapter B9. B0506. ISSUE AND MAINTENANCE OF SIGHT PROTECTION EQUIPMENT

a. Issue. The ship shall provide and issue appropriate eye protection at government expense. The list of eye hazards the safety officer maintains identifies required eye protective equipment. All eye and face protection including safety glasses (frames), ballistic eye protection devices, chemical splash goggles, welding and chipping goggles, welding helmets, and face shields shall be labeled "Z87" or “Z87+”, indicating compliance with American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard ANSI- Z87. Such eye and face protection equipment is available through the supply system or open purchase. Appendix B5-A contains information that describes the types of protective eyewear frequently used on board ships.

b. Prescription Protective Eyewear. As determined by

the safety officer and MDR, prescription safety glasses may be necessary for some individuals. Prescription protective eyewear shall be obtained through the medical department. Open purchase


B5-5

procedures may be used to obtain refractive services and prescription safety lenses. The eyewear prescription form, DD 771, or as designated by the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (BUMED), will be used in all services and equipment procurement. The prescription and procurement forms shall be entered into the crew member's medical record. Prescription protective eyewear is only indicated when the individual is required to wear safety glasses for a significant portion of their daily work (e.g., at all times while in a shipyard or routinely machining materials). For intermittent work requiring eye protection, goggles can be worn over regular prescription glasses.

c. Maintenance of Protective Eyewear. Personnel shall

maintain personal protective eyewear in a clean and fully operational condition. Before re-issue, non-corrective eye protection shall be sanitized with hot, soapy water and rinsed of all traces of soap or detergent. Eye protection equipment should then be immersed for 10 minutes in a disinfectant, rinsed, and air-dried. Personnel shall immediately report lost or damaged protective eyewear to their work-center supervisor. B0507. TEMPORARY PROTECTIVE EYEWEAR Where protective eyewear is necessary, the command shall provide safety glasses or goggles to visitors and others who must enter or pass through eye hazardous areas. In addition, the command shall provide them to personnel awaiting corrective/protective eyewear. B0508. EMERGENCY EYEWASH and DELUGE SHOWER FACILITIES Emergency eyewashes or eye/face baths are primary first aid for splashes or exposures to corrosive materials. Corrosives may cause severe and progressive damage to the eyes and skin, so immediate, on-site means of washing them from the eyes and skin is vital. Emergency eyewashes are not normally required in areas where non-corrosive liquids, irritants, metal chips, or debris may contact the eyes, since the damage normally does not progress while the person is transiting to medical attention. Emergency deluge showers are primary first aid for significant splashes of corrosives to the skin or body, in addition to the eyes.


B5-6

a. The ship shall have an adequate number of properly maintained and inspected eyewash facilities, installed in locations with corrosive hazards, and properly posted with signs identifying their locations. According to reference B5-1, approved emergency eyewash equipment (permanent plumbed or portable) shall:

(1) Be capable of flushing the eyes with potable water

at a minimum flow rate of 0.4 gallons per minute for 15 continuous minutes.

(2) The velocity of the water shall be low enough not

to be injurious to the user's eyes. When the valve is properly set, the flow from both nozzles should meet equidistant at the center of the bowl.

(3) Shall have a one-motion (e.g., paddle or pull

strap), stay-open valve, such that when activated the eyewash will remain on to allow the user to hold open their eyelids to facilitate flushing. The valve shall remain open without the use of the operator’s hands until intentionally closed.

(4) Shall be on the same level, unobstructed and easily accessible within 100 feet or 10 second travel of the identified eye hazard. For a strong acid or strong caustic, the eyewash shall be immediately adjacent to the hazard.

(5) The travel route to the eyewash shall be free of

trip hazards or overhead strike hazards, and positioned in such a way as to pose no hazard to the user (e.g., near electrical fixtures, down a ladder, through a door, obstructed, in a confined area).

(6) The unit shall be positioned with the eyewash

nozzle(s) not less than 33 inches or more than 45 inches above the deck, and six inches minimum from the nearest wall or obstruction.

(7) Eyewash nozzles shall be protected from airborne

contaminants and debris. Whatever means is used to afford such protection (plastic caps, cups, cover) its removal shall not require a separate motion by the operator when activating the unit.


B5-7

(8) The eyewash shall deliver tepid flushing water (60-100 degrees Fahrenheit). Temperatures in excess of 100 degrees Fahrenheit have proven harmful to the eyes and can enhance chemical interaction with the eyes and skin.

(9) Potable water valves to eyewash stations and

deluge showers shall be locked open with a metal, tamper-proof lanyard and marked as a "W" (or "circle W") fitting.

(10) All emergency eyewash and shower equipment must be maintained through the planned maintenance system (PMS).

(11) Clearly mark eyewash stations with a green sign

with white lettering stating “EMERGENCY EYEWASH STATION.” These signs are available through the supply system under NSN 9905-01-345-4521. Post signs in a visible location close to the eyewash unit.

b. Eye/Face Wash Units. On surface ships, locations for

eye/face ash units will be identified in the baseline industrial hygiene survey. Corrosives are frequently found in the following locations, and these areas should be evaluated for installation of an eyewash or eye/face wash unit:

(1) Main and auxiliary machinery spaces, IC gyro,

battery charging areas. (2) Medical treatment area.

(3) Chemical, water testing, and medical laboratories.

(4) Darkrooms and X-ray developing areas, if liquid

chemicals are used. (5) Hazardous material issue/storerooms, if HM is

dispensed. (6) Paint mixing and issue rooms.

(7) Other areas determine by the baseline industrial

hygiene survey.

c. For propulsion plant spaces of nuclear powered submarines, eyewash bottles may be used in lieu of permanent or


B5-8

portable eyewash stations and shall be readily available in nucleonics/water chemistry rooms and secondary analysis stations. Approved eyewash bottles are available through the supply system under NSN 6515-01-393-0728 or 6540-01-353-9946.

d. Combination Shower/Eyewash Units. As specified in reference B5-1, a combination of emergency shower with eyewash or eye/face wash unit with drain and stay-open valve shall be available in all areas where the eyes and skin of crew members may be exposed to corrosive materials. These locations will be identified in the baseline industrial hygiene survey. Corrosives are frequently found in the following locations, and should be evaluated for installation of a combination of emergency shower with eyewash or eye/face wash unit:

(1) Oxygen-nitrogen producer room. (2) Battery shop or locker (wet cell testing, electrolyte handling). (3) Combat systems areas handling Isopar® fluids. (4) Boiler repair shop. (5) Rubber and plastic shop. (6) Composite material repair shop. (7) Non-destructive test and inspection shops and other ship spaces as determined by the industrial hygiene survey. e. Portable Eyewash Stations. For those spaces that require an emergency shower, eyewash, or eye/face wash, but where potable water and drainage is not feasible, the ship shall properly install a self-contained portable eyewash. The portable eyewash unit design must comply with the same criteria for function and installation as listed in paragraph B0508a. They may order the gravity-fed eyewash stations under NSNs 4240-01-258-1245 and 4240-01-234-1796. Use of manufacturer recommended bacteriostatic solutions or powders are optional. f. The MDR shall examine crew members in sick bay following the emergency use of an eyewash unit or deluge shower.


B5-9

g. Remotely Located Eyewash Facilities. Permanently plumbed emergency showers, eyewashes, and eye/face washes located in remote locations or minimally manned areas shall be provided with an audible alarm interlocking with the activation device of the unit. The alarm is intended to alert personnel in a manned area that someone is using an eyewash facility in a remote area and may not have anyone in the immediate vicinity to render aid. The alarm shall be located in one of the following appropriate areas: outside the protected area or shop, in the associated enclosed operating station (EOS), in a nearby manned space, or in damage control central.

NOTE:

For remotely located eyewash facilities without an audible alarm, observe the two-man rule when eye-hazard operations are performed until the alarm system is installed. A label plate shall be placed at eye level in the immediate vicinity of the alarm and shall be inscribed:

WARNING

WHEN THE EMERGENCY SHOWER (EYEWASH, EYE/FACE WASH) IN THE(SHOP OR SPACE LOCATION) HAS BEEN ACTIVATED, PROVIDE IMMEDIATE ASSISTANCE TO PERSONNEL AND NOTIFY SICK BAY.

B0509. TRAINING The division officer or work-center supervisor shall perform training for personnel assigned to work-centers with eye hazard areas/processes at the time that protective eyewear is issued. Training materials are available through the NAVOSHENVTRACEN at www.norva.navy.mil/navosh. Topics they shall cover in the training program include:

a. Types of eye hazards.

b. Types of eye protection.

c. Eyewash location and proper use (particularly personnel working with corrosive materials).


B5-10

d. Proper action when personnel experience mishaps involving particles or liquids in the eye, or use an eyewash station.

NOTE: No attempt should be made to remove a particle lodged

in the eyeball, or wash an eye that has been cut in any way. Contact the medical department immediately.

CHAPTER B5

REFERENCES B5-1. American National Standard Practice for Occupational & Educational Eye and Face Protection ANSI Z87.1 (NOTAL) B5-2. American National Standard Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment, ANSI Z358.1-2004 (NOTAL) B5-3. Military Specification DoD-G-51510: “Goggles, Industrial, Eyecup and Lenses; Goggles, Industrial (Metric)” (NOTAL) B5-4. Military Standard 1434: “Goggles, Industrial, Safety” (NOTAL)


B5-A-1

Appendix B5-A

TYPES OF PROTECTIVE EYEWEAR Appropriate eye and face protection is required in all areas that are designated as eye hazardous. A selection chart for eye and face protection for different work operations, and a welding filter shade protection chart, are shown in Tables B5-A-1 and B5-A-2. The following is a short description of the various types of protective eyewear: a. Safety Glasses/Spectacles. Safety glasses are to be worn in those areas where there is a possibility of flying objects, particulates, or dust entering the eye. Those spectacles with suitable filter lenses are permitted for use with gas welding operations on light work and for inspections. Spectacle-type glasses are made both with and without side-shields and may have either a rigid nonadjustable or adjustable bridge. Sun glasses, rate as safety glasses and marked with “Z87”, with or without side-shields, may be used for outdoor work when sun protection is desired. NOTE: safety sun glasses are not suitable as ultraviolet (UV) protection from welding, cutting, or burning operations. b. Chemical Goggles. Chemical goggles provide the eyes and eye area with protection from liquids, splashes, mists, vapors, and spray. Goggles may consist of a flexible frame or a rigid frame with a separate, cushioned fitting surface, and are held in place with a supporting band. Chemical goggles with ventilation must be splash resistant (covered vents vice perforations). c. Welding Goggles. Welding goggles provide protection against glare and injurious radiation, as well as from flying objects, chips, and metal splashes. Eyecup-type goggles are designed to be worn alone, while cover-type goggles are designed to fit over corrective spectacles. The lens filter of welding goggles is shaded to protect the eyes from ultraviolet, infrared, and visible rays generated by the work operations. d. Chipping Goggles. Chipping goggles protect the eyes from relatively large flying objects generated by such operations as chipping, lathing, grinding, and chiseling.


B5-A-2

Eyecup-type goggles may be worn alone, or cover-type goggles may be fitted over corrective spectacles. e. Welding Helmets. Welding helmets are made up of a bowl-shaped or modified bowl-shaped device equipped with a shade 14 or greater filter. These helmets are designed for use during various kinds of arc welding and heavy gas cutting and provide the welder's eyes, face, ears, and neck with protection against intense radiation and weld spatter. f. Face Shields. Face shields provide protection to the face and neck from flying particles, liquids, or sprays. Face shields alone do not provide adequate protection against these hazards and must be worn with protective eyewear. g. Ballistic Eye Protection Devices. Ballistic eye protection devices provide an additional level of protection above that provided by standard safety eyewear for high impact situations. These devices may replace standard safety glasses. Ballistic eye protection devices are classified as either spectacle or goggle systems. Spectacle systems provide enough frame face form for the primary protector to double as side impact protection. Many of these spectacle and goggle systems accept optical inserts for personnel requiring vision correction. These devices and optical inserts should be qualified as a military approved ballistic protective device prior to procurement.


B5-A-3

TABLE B5-A-1 - EYE AND FACE PROTECTION SELECTION CHART _____________________________________________________________________________ APPLICATIONS _____________________________________________________________________________ OPERATION HAZARDS PROTECTORS _____________________________________________________________________________ Acetylene-Burning Sparks, Harmful Rays, Acetylene-Cutting Molten Metal, 7, 8, 9 Acetylene-Welding Flying Particles Chemical Handling Splash, Acid Burns, Fumes 2 (For severe exposure Add 10) Chipping Flying Particles 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7a, 8a Electric (Arc) Welding Sparks, Intense Rays, 11 (In combination with Molten Metal 4, 5, 6, In tinted lenses, advisable) Furnace Operations Glare, Heat, Molten Metal 7, 8, 9, (For severe exposure, add 10) Grinding-Light Flying Particles 1, 3, 5, 6 (For severe exposure, add 10) Laboratory Chemical Splash, 2 (10 when in combina- Glass Breakage tion with 5, 6) Machining Flying Particles 1, 3, 5, 6 (For severe exposure, add 10) Molten Metals Heat, Glare, Sparks 7, 8, (10 in combination with 5, 6, In tinted lenses, advisable) Spot Welding Flying Particles, Sparks 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 (Tinted lenses advisable, for severe exposure, add 10) Warfighting, Projectiles, Glare, Wind DoD approved ballistic Combat and Dust protection devices Training Operations


B5-A-4

Eye and Face Protectors Key: 1 – Goggles, flexible fitting, regular or perforated ventilation 2 - Goggles, flexible fitting, covered or indirect ventilation; or goggles, chemical 3 – Goggles, cushioned fitting, rigid body 4 – Spectacles, without side shields 5 – Spectacles, with eyecup type side shields 6 – Spectacles, semi/flat fold side shields 7 – Welding goggles, eyecup type, tinted lenses 7A – Chipping goggles, eyecup type, clear safety lenses 8 – Welding goggles, coverspec type, tinted lenses, , various shade numbers 8A – Chipping goggles, coverspec type, clear safety lenses 9 – Welding goggles, coverspec type, tinted plate lens 10 – Face shield, plastic or mesh window 11 – Welding helmet, various lenses


B5-A-5

TABLE B5-A-2 - WELDING FILTER SHADE PROTECTION CHART ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- SUGGESTED WELDING OPERATION SHADE NUMBER* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Shielded Metal-Arc Welding, up to 5/32 in (4 mm) electrodes......... 10 Shielded Metal-Arc Welding, 3/16 to 1/4 in (4.8 to 6.4 mm) electrodes........................................ 12 Shielded Metal-Arc Welding, over 1/4 in (6.4 mm) electrodes......... 14 Gas Metal-Arc Welding (Nonferrous).................................. 11 Gas Metal-Arc Welding (Ferrous)..................................... 12 Gas Tungsten-Arc Welding............................................ 12 Atomic Hydrogen Welding ............................................ 12 Carbon Arc Welding.................................................. 14 Torch Soldering .................................................... 2 Torch Brazing ...................................................... 3 or 4 Light Cutting, up to 1 in (25 mm)................................... 3 or 4 Medium Cutting, 1 to 6 in (25 to 150 mm)............................ 4 or 5 Heavy Cutting, over 6 in (150 mm)................................... 5 or 6 Gas Welding (Light) up to 1/8 in (3.2 mm)........................... 4 or 5 Gas Welding (Medium) 1/8 to 1/2 in (3.2 to 12.7 mm)................. 5 or 6 Gas Welding (Heavy) over 1/2 in (12.7 mm)........................... 6 or 8 Fire Watch For Any Welding or Cutting Operation............................................................................6(minimum)(A) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- *The choice of a filter shade may be made on the basis of visual acuity and may therefore vary widely from one individual to another, particularly under different current densities, materials, and welding processes. However, the degree of protection from radiant energy afforded by the filter plate or lens when chosen to allow visual acuity will still remain in excess of the needs of eye filter protection. Filter plate shades as low as shade eight have proven suitably radiation-absorbent for protection from the arc-welding processes. NOTE:

In gas welding or oxygen cutting where the torch produces a high yellow light, it is desirable to use a filter lens that absorbs the yellow or sodium line in the visible light of the operation (spectrum).


CHAPTER B6

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION B0601. DISCUSSION

a. Many repair and maintenance operations generate air

contaminants that are dangerous if inhaled. Engineering controls (e.g., local exhaust ventilation) are the most effective methods of protecting personnel against such contaminants. However, when engineering controls are not practical or feasible, respirators are necessary to assure the protection of personnel.

b. This chapter establishes respiratory protection requirements and applies to all personnel and visitors who enter an area where respiratory protective equipment is necessary. Many of the procedures contained herein are derived from or are similar to the ones detailed in reference B6-1. This chapter does not address damage control, gas free engineering, underwater protection, or respirator use in a chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and high-yield explosive (CBRNE) emergency response.

c. The provisions of this chapter do not apply to personnel wearing respiratory protection for the sole purpose of protection against airborne radioactive contamination associated with the naval nuclear propulsion program. Guidance for this area is found in reference B6-2.

d. For submarines. Responsibilities and procedures for respiratory protection aboard submarines are contained in paragraph B0614. B0602. RESPONSIBILITIES

a. The commanding officer shall appoint a respiratory protection manager (RPM) in writing.

b. The respiratory protection manager (RPM) shall:

(1) Complete required training course within three months of assuming the position. Respiratory protection managers (RPM) shall attend the Respiratory Protection Program


B6-2

Management Course (CIN A-493-0072) the Naval Occupational Safety and Health and Environmental Training Center (NAVOSHENVTRACEN).

(2) Ensure a baseline or periodic industrial hygiene (IH) survey has been conducted of all processes and areas where there is the risk of occupational exposure to air contaminants. The IH survey will provide recommendations on the types of respiratory protection required for various processes, areas, and situations. Industrial hygiene will provide a written respirator program evaluation during baseline and periodic industrial hygiene surveys.

(3) Ensure a sufficient supply of National Institute

for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) approved respirators, spare parts, and expendable supplies (e.g., cartridges and filters) are maintained to conduct routine and emergency operations. There should be a sufficient number of respirator models and sizes so that the respirator is acceptable to and correctly fits the user.

NOTE:

Respirator parts and filters are not interchangeable. Ensure that all components are of the same manufacturer (e.g., Brand X facepiece must have Brand X filters).

(4) Maintain a current roster of personnel enrolled in

respiratory protection program and communicate this information to the medical department representative.

(5) Conduct respirator fit testing and document that

fit testing was completed as required in paragraph B0608. (6) Establish central control points for issuing and

maintaining respiratory protection equipment. Divisions that frequently use respirators and personnel who are assigned individual respirators may maintain custody of their own respiratory protection equipment and are responsible for its proper use and storage.

(7) Inspect, clean, disinfect, store, maintain and

repair respirators per paragraph B0609.


B6-3

(8) Ensure breathing air meets the quality requirements of paragraph B0611.

(9) Evaluate the program at least annually. A

checklist for program evaluation is provided in appendix B6-A.

c. Division officers shall:

(1) Ensure that personnel have a current fit test and are trained prior to donning a respirator. The industrial hygiene survey and workplace evaluations provide information regarding work tasks which require respiratory protection.

(2) Ensure personnel are provided with/issued required

respiratory protective equipment.

d. The medical department representative (MDR) shall:

(1) Confirm that personnel, who are issued respirators have no deployment limiting medical conditions, and have a current annual preventive health assessment (PHA) per reference B6-3 (see paragraph B0613).

(2) Assist the RPM in identifying and evaluating

hazards and selecting appropriate respirators, as recommended in the industrial hygiene survey.

e. Personnel issuing respiratory protective equipment shall issue respirators only to personnel who are trained, medically certified per paragraph B0613, and successfully fit tested for the respirator(s) requested.

f. All hands shall:

(1) Inspect the respirator before and after each use per paragraph B0609a.

(2) Perform a positive and negative respirator

facepiece seal check prior to each use per paragraph B0607b. (3) Report any malfunction of the respirator to their

immediate supervisor.


B6-4

(4) Prevent damage to or loss of respiratory protective equipment. B0603. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION ELEMENTS

a. Appointment of and training of the respiratory protection manager.

b. The industrial hygiene survey. c. Written standard operating procedures (SOPs) governing

the selection, care, issue, and use of respirators, including worksite SOPs.

Note:

The following website includes a generic, fill-in-the-blank, Navy respirator instruction and standard operating procedures for all elements of the respirator program: http://www-nehc.med.navy.mil/downloads/IH/GENERICSOP.doc. Note that this generic SOP is based on requirements of reference B6-4, but would be helpful in writing shipboard respirator program SOPs.

d. Respirator selection (select and issue only NIOSH approved respirators).

e. Respirator availability. f. Personnel roster. g. Medical respirator qualification, based on current PHA

(paragraph B0613). h. Initial and annual fit testing and training. i. Respirator issue. j. Respirator maintenance. k. Breathing air requirements. l. An annual audit of the respirator program by the RPM

and a written respirator program evaluation by the industrial

http://www-nehc.med.navy.mil/downloads/IH/GENERICSOP.doc


B6-5

hygiene office performing baseline and periodic industrial hygiene surveys.

Note: See reference B6-5 for detailed explanations of these

respiratory protection elements.

B0604. TYPES OF RESPIRATORS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS The two basic types of respirators are air-purifying and atmosphere-supplying. Illustrations of typical respirators are provided in appendix B6-B.

a. Air-purifying respirators remove air contaminants by filtering, or by absorbing them as the air passes through the cartridge. In all cases when using air-purifying respirators, adequate oxygen (19.5 percent by volume) must be present. They are available with quarter-, half-, and full facepieces with the full facepiece respirator providing a higher degree of protection than either of the others. Air-purifying respirators are available as filtering facepiece (e.g., disposable) respirators, with the filter or cartridge built-in as an integral part of the respirator, or as reusable facepieces with replaceable cartridges, filters, and pre-filters of many types. They are effective only when used with the appropriate cartridges, filters, and pre-filters for the air contaminants present. Air-purifying respirators may be either non-powered or powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs). The non-powered type depends on the user's lungs to draw air through the purifying element during inhalation; therefore, the non-powered type has the greatest breathing resistance. The powered type is equipped with a battery-powered fan that forces air through the purifying element, thus reducing the breathing resistance and ensuring a positive pressure inside the facepiece. Whether powered or non-powered, air-purifying respirators may be subdivided by the type of contaminant they protect against as described below.

(1) Particulate air-purifying respirators use cartridges, filters, and pre-filters designed to protect against inhalation of aerosols (e.g., solid or liquid particles dispersed in air). The cartridges, filters, and pre-filters remove nuisance (e.g., non-toxic) and toxic dusts, fogs, fumes, mists, smokes and sprays either singly or in combination. NIOSH


B6-6

certifies respirators per reference B6-6(see paragraph B0605). Under reference B6-6, there are nine classifications of non-powered particulate air-purifying respirators certified under three filter classes: N-, R- and P- class. Each class has three levels of filter efficiency: 95%, 99% and 99.97% (designated 100 in this system). N100, R100, and P100 filters are equivalent to high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters. P-class series filters can be used in oil aerosols and are the only magenta (purple) colored high efficiency filters. N-class series filters cannot be used in oil aerosols. R-class series filters can be can only be used for a single shift in oil aerosols. PAPRs must be equipped with filters meeting the criteria for HEPA filters but the filters must have a reference B6-6 approval label. Like the P100 filters for negative pressure, air-purifying respirators, PAPR HEPA filters are magenta in color. Surgical masks(blue or green) do not provide protection against air contaminants. They are for MEDICAL/DENTAL USE ONLY and must NEVER be used as an air-purifying respirator.

(2) Gas and vapor air-purifying respirators use cartridges and canisters that remove contaminants through absorption and adsorption. Typically, a cartridge removes a specific type or class of gas or vapor (e.g., organic vapors or acid gases).

(3) Combination cartridges and canisters are available which combine the removal capabilities of two or more type cartridges in a single cartridge (e.g., organic vapor and particulate removal, acid gas and organic vapor removal, or acid gas, ammonia, and organic vapor removal). Some manufacturers allow users to create their own combination cartridges by screwing two cartridges together; however, always follow the manufacturer's recommendations when doing this since there may be some limitations. (4) Prefilters. All manufacturers allow the user to combine different degrees of particulate removal with any cartridge by attaching a pre-filter to the cartridge by means of a retainer ring. Such systems are commonly used to protect against an aerosol. (5) Color Coding. By federal regulation, each type of respirator cartridge/canister is color coded to identify its


B6-7

intended use. The color coding may be achieved by coloring all or part of the cartridge/canister case or by affixing a colored label. See reference B6-5 for specific information on color coding. (6) Labeling. Each cartridge/canister is labeled with the contaminant(s) it protects against and the NIOSH approval number. Some labels may provide more information about the cartridge's capabilities and limitations. (7) Military gas masks (e.g., MCU-2A/P, Mark V, M40) are military-unique air-purifying respirators that are only to be used for chemical-biological-radiological (CBR) warfare. MILITARY GAS MASKS MUST NEVER BE USED IN PLACE OF AN AIR- PURIFYING RESPIRATOR. This chapter does not apply to the use and maintenance of military gas masks.

b. Atmosphere-supplying respirators are used when the contaminant has no warning property (e.g., smell, taste, eye irritation or respiratory irritation), the contaminant's concentration is too high to use an air-purifying respirator, or the environment is immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH). The two types are supplied-air (airline) respirators and self-contained breathing apparatuses.

(1) Supplied-air respirators are further subdivided into hose mask and air-line respirators.

(a) Hose mask respirators consist of a facepiece, breathing tube, harness, and large-diameter, thick-wall, non-kinking, air-supply hose. A blower, either motor or hand driven, may supply the air, or the user, unaided, may simply draw the air into the hose with each breath. This respirator offers no advantages over the air-line respirator and is being removed from the fleet and must not be worn.

(b) Air-line respirators consist of a facepiece, hood, helmet, or suit; breathing tube; regulator; and small-diameter hose provided with some means to attach the hose to the user. A compressor, ambient air breathing apparatus (AABA), or compressed air cylinder(s) provides the air. The maximum length of hose allowed from a compressor or air fitting to the respirator shall be 300 feet unless a shorter maximum length is specified on the NIOSH approval. The NIOSH approval for each


B6-8

air-line respirator applies to the combination of the respirator and air supply hose as a unit and specifically to the part numbers listed on the approval. Any use of another manufacturer's respirator or hose automatically invalidates the approval. Air-line respirators can be subdivided into three types as follows: 1. Demand. Available only with a facepiece, it supplies air to the user on demand (inhalation) which creates a negative pressure within the facepiece. Leakage into the face piece may occur if there is a poor seal between the respirator and the user's face. According to reference B6-5, demand respirators shall not be worn.

2. Pressure Demand. Available only with a facepiece, it maintains a continuous positive pressure within the facepiece, thus preventing contaminant leakage into the facepiece. Per reference B6-5, pressure demand respirators have higher assigned protection factors than continuous flow respirators.

3. Continuous Flow. Available with a facepiece, hood, helmet, or suit, it provides a continuous positive pressure and flow of air within any of the breathing zone containments, thus preventing contaminant leakage into the containment.

(2) Self-contained breathing apparatuses (SCBAs) consist of a facepiece, helmet, or hood; a breathing tube; and a source of air or oxygen, all of which is carried by the wearer. They may be subdivided into two categories.

(a) Closed-circuit (rebreathing) SCBAs. There are two types of this respirator. In both types carbon dioxide (CO2) in the exhaled breath is removed by a chemical canister prior to rebreathing. The difference between the two is the source of oxygen. In one type, the oxygen is provided by either high-pressure gaseous oxygen or gaseous oxygen converted from liquid oxygen. In the other type, of which the Navy "oxygen breathing apparatus" (OBA) is an example, the water vapor in the exhaled breath reacts with a chemical in the canister to release oxygen. The OBA is not approved by NIOSH for commercial use, and its only authorized uses aboard ship are for damage control, fire-fighting operations, and fixed flooding systems PMS. Even


B6-9

in emergencies, OBAs must not be used in flammable atmospheres due to the heat generated by the canister.

(b) Open-circuit SCBAs. In this type of SCBA, the exhaled air is expelled to the atmosphere and air is provided to the user from a compressed air cylinder. This type of respirator is available in either a demand (negative face piece pressure) or pressure-demand (positive facepiece pressure) model. Per reference B6-5, demand respirators shall not be worn.

(c) Emergency Escape Breathing Device (EEBD). This is a special type of SCBA developed for the Navy specifically for emergency escape from shipboard fires. They have a very short duration air supply. THEY MUST NEVER BE USED FOR ENTRY INTO A HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERE; THEY ARE FOR ESCAPE ONLY! This chapter does not apply to the use and maintenance of the EEBD.

(d) Supplemental Emergency Escape Device (SEED). This is another special type of SCBA developed for main propulsion space watchstanders ONLY. They have a very short duration air supply. THEY MUST NEVER BE USED FOR ENTRY INTO A HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERE; THEY ARE FOR ESCAPE ONLY! This chapter does not apply to the use and maintenance of the SEED. B0605. RESPIRATOR SELECTION

a. Approval. Previously, respirators were jointly

approved by NIOSH and the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA). On 8 June 1995, NIOSH updated the respirator certification procedures and reissued them under reference B6-6. NIOSH is now the sole certification agency. only certifies jointly with NIOSH if the respirator is being tested specifically for mine rescue. Both NIOSH approved and NIOSH/MSHA certified respirators are approved for use. NIOSH identifies approved respirators in the NIOSH certified equipment list, which is available electronically at the following website: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/topics/respirators/CEL/default.html

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/topics/respirators/CEL/default.html


B6-10

If there is any doubt as to the respirator required to protect against a particular contaminant, consult an industrial hygienist.

b. Hazard Assessment. Determining the type of contaminant and its concentration is the most important consideration in the selection of respirators. This determination shall be provided as part of the most current industrial hygiene survey or by an industrial hygienist upon request. The industrial hygiene survey report shall identify and evaluate the respiratory hazard(s) in the workplace; this evaluation shall include a reasonable estimate of personnel exposures to respiratory hazard(s). Where the individual’s exposure to respiratory hazard(s) cannot be identified or reasonably estimated by the industrial hygienist, the atmosphere shall be considered “Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health” (IDLH). The following are some chemical, physical and toxicological properties that should be considered in the selection of a respirator:

(1) Warning properties of the contaminant gas or vapor (e.g., smell, taste, eye irritation or respiratory irritation). Some contaminants lack sufficient warning properties to alert the wearer of respirator failure. Vapor- and gas-removing respirators are not approved for these contaminants, which include carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, isocyanates and methyl alcohol.

(2) Whether the contaminant is absorbed through the

skin. (3) Whether any of the contaminants are immediately

dangerous to life or health (IDLH) or whether injurious effects would be produced after prolonged exposure.

(4) Concentration of the contaminant in the

atmosphere, the hazard ratio, maximum use concentration, and assigned protection factors (see paragraph B0606 and table B6-1).

(5) Occupational exposure limits (OELs) for the

contaminant(s). See chapters B1 and B10 for standards for asbestos and lead, respectively.


B6-11

(6) Whether an oxygen-deficient or oxygen-rich atmosphere exists or may be created.

(7) The nature, extent and frequency of the duties to

be performed by personnel (e.g., welding or painting) in the work area.

(8) Degree of protection provided by the particular

respirator. B0606. LIMITATIONS OF RESPIRATORS Paragraphs B0604 and B0605 mention some general limitations; however, the following provides more specific information:

a. Assigned Protection Factor (APF). The APF is the workplace level of respiratory protection that would be provided by a properly functioning and properly used respirator or a class of respirators when all elements of an effective respiratory protection program are established and are being enforced. Navy adopted APFs are provided in table B6-1. Although table B6-1 applies also to protection against asbestos and lead, refer to chapters B1 and for additional program requirements.

TABLE B6-1.-Assigned Protection Factors4 Type of respirator 1,2

Quartermask

Half mask

Full Face-piece

Helmet/ hood

Loose-fittingFace-piece

Air-Purifying Respirator Filtering Facepiece Resp. Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR)..................... Supplied-Air Respirator (SAR) or Airline Respirator Demand mode……………………………………… Continuous flow mode……………… Pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) Demand mode……………………………………… Pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode

55

………

………………………

………

………

10……

50

105050

10

……

50 ………

1000

50 1000 1000

50

10,000

………………

325/1000

……….325/1000

……….

50

10,000

……….……….

25

……….25

……….

……….

……


B6-12

(e.g., open/ closed circuit)

1 RPMs may select respirators assigned for use in higher workplace concentrations of a hazardous substance for use at lower concentrations of that substance, or when required respirator use is independent of concentration. 2 The assigned protection factors in table 1 are only effective when the employer implements a continuing, effective respirator program as required by 29 CFR 1910.134, including training, fit testing, maintenance, and use requirements. 3 The RPM must have evidence provided by the respirator manufacturer that testing of these respirators demonstrates performance at a level of protection of 1,000 or greater to receive an APF of 1,000. This level of performance can best be demonstrated by performing a workplace protection factor or simulated workplace protection factor study or equivalent testing. Absent such testing, all other PAPRs and SARs with helmets/hoods are to be treated as loose-fitting facepiece respirators, and receive an APF of 25. For further guidance see reference B6-5 4 These APFs do not apply to respirators used solely for escape. For escape respirators used in association with specific substances covered by 29 CFR 1910 subpart Z, RPMs must refer to the appropriate substance-specific standards in that subpart. Escape respirators for other IDLH atmospheres are specified by 29 CFR 1910.134 (d)(2)(ii).

b. Oxygen-deficient Atmospheres. All air-purifying respirators require that sufficient oxygen be present in the atmosphere where they will be used. Sufficient oxygen is defined as at least 19.5% oxygen for use at essentially sea level.

c. Hose Length/Configuration and Air Pressure

Requirements for Air-line Respirators. The approval specifies the maximum length of air supply hose that may be used with each respirator and this is a function of the pressure of the supplied air.

NOTE:

The allowed hose length for supplied-air respirators is specified on the NIOSH approval certificate, but in no case shall the length exceed 300 feet maximum. Supplied-air respirators shall be operated at the conditions of pressure and hose length specified in the approval. Only those hoses supplied by the respirator manufacturer shall be used. Air-line couplings shall be incompatible with outlet couplings for other gas systems to prevent inadvertent servicing with non-respirable gases or oxygen.


B6-13

d. Environmental Temperature Operating Ranges. Atmosphere-supplying respirators have specific temperature ranges for which they are approved. Consult the manufacturer's specifications before use in extreme temperatures.

e. Maximum Use Concentrations. The maximum use concentration (MUC) for a class of respirators determines the maximum level of protection that a class of respirators can provide against a contaminant. The MUC is calculated by multiplying the APF by the OEL. However, if the IDLH concentration is lower than the MUC, then the IDLH concentration takes precedence over the calculated MUC.

f. Hazard Ratio. Another useful calculation in respirator selection is the hazard ratio, which indicates the minimum APF required. Hazard ratio is calculated by dividing the exposure concentration by the OEL. B0607. USE OF RESPIRATORS

a. Prior to using a respirator to perform work that requires respiratory protection, the following requirements shall be met:

(1) The user shall pass a fit-test with each type of

respirator to be used per paragraph B0608. (2) The user shall be trained per paragraph B0612. (3) Wearing contact lenses in contaminated atmospheres

with respiratory protection is permitted. (4) Tight fitting respirators shall not be worn when

conditions such as facial hair, facial scars, or prescription eyeglasses prevent a good respirator seal.

(5) Wearing SCBAs during shipboard firefighting or

other emergencies, including shore training for these emergencies, is military-unique. Fit-testing and medical certifications are not required prior to wearing SCBAs for these scenarios.

b. User Seal Checks. Prior to each use, perform a positive and negative user seal check prior to each use.


B6-14

(1) Positive Pressure User Seal Check. Place your palm or thumb over the exhalation valve and press lightly. Exhale gently. The respirator is properly sealed if no air leaks around the edges and a slight positive pressure is felt inside the facepiece.

(2) Negative Pressure User Seal Check. Place your palm(s) over the cartridge(s) or canister inlet. Inhale gently. The respirator is properly sealed if no air leaks around the edges and a slight negative pressure is felt inside the facepiece as it collapses slightly towards the face.

c. Warning Signs of Respirator Failure

(1) Particulate Air-purifying Respirator. When breathing difficulty is encountered with a particulate air-purifying respirator (increased resistance due to partial clogging), the filter(s) must be replaced. If the respirator is a filtering facepiece (e.g., disposable) respirator then the respirator must be discarded. (2) Vapor or Gas Air-purifying Respirator. When using a vapor or gas air-purifying respirator, if the user notices any of the warning properties (e.g., odor, taste, eye irritation (with a full facepiece respirator)), or respiratory irritation, he/she should promptly leave the area and replace the cartridge or canister before returning. (3) Service Life of Air-purifying Respirator Filters, Canisters, and Cartridges. Filters, canisters, and cartridges for air-purifying respirators are intended to be used until filter resistance precludes further use, or the chemical sorbent is expended as signaled by the detection of a specific warning property (e.g., odor, taste, and/or irritation). (a) Change end-of-service-life indicator cartridges and canisters when indicated by the appropriate color change. End-of-service-life (ESLI) indicator cartridges and canisters that are located on the front of the cartridges must be worn belt mounted or chest mounted, respectively, so that the ESLI indicator can be seen. More recently developed ESLIs are located on the upper edges of cartridges so that they are visible to the respirator wearer while cartridges are worn on the facepiece.


B6-15

(b) Air-purifying cartridges shall be replaced whenever the user can detect contaminant warning properties, such as, odor, taste, or irritation. Cartridges shall also be replaced if the user has difficulty inhaling air through the cartridge, which may indicate filter overloading. The RPM may impose time limitations for cartridge use not to exceed eight hours. When in doubt about the previous use of the respirator, replace the filter, canister, or cartridge. (4) Air-line Respirator. Leave the area immediately when the compressor failure alarm is activated or if an air pressure drop is sensed. (5) Self-contained Breathing Apparatus. Leave the area as soon as the air pressure alarm activates. B0608. RESPIRATOR FIT TESTING Each individual who is required to use a tight-fitting respirator shall be qualitatively or quantitatively fit tested before being issued a respirator and annually thereafter unless the user is to wear a SCBA. Per paragraph B0607(5), SCBAs are exempt from the requirement to fit test. When conditions, such as facial hair, can reasonably be expected to interfere with the proper fit of respiratory protective equipment, the user shall not be permitted to do work requiring a respirator. Personnel with facial hair that could interfere with face seal or valve function will not be fit tested because the length and condition of facial hair changes daily and would necessitate daily fit testing. For all ships, anyone trained to fit test via training detailed in paragraph B0612 can perform fit testing. Fit testing can also be obtained via the supporting tender, local Navy environmental and preventive medicine units (NEPMUs), the cognizant medical treatment facility (MTF), or other sources. Fit testing results will be documented and contain the following minimum elements: Name, rate/rank, division, department.

Date of current PHA Date of fit test and by whom. Fit test medium (material used, e.g., Bitrex™ (denatonium benzoate solution), irritant smoke) and type of cartridge(s) or filter used in the test. Make (brand), model, and size of respirator(s) fitted.


B6-16

a. Qualitative Fit Testing. Qualitative fit testing may be performed using irritant smoke, isoamyl acetate (banana oil), saccharin mist, or the Bitrex™ method. Fit testing shall conform to the procedures in appendix B6-C.

b. Quantitative Fit Testing. To wear full face, negative pressure, air-purifying respirators in atmospheres up to their assigned protection factor of 50, personnel must be quantitatively fit tested and the respirator must achieve a fit factor of at least 500, which equates to a safety factor of 10. This type of fit testing can only be performed by, and shall be requested from, shore activities. B0609. INSPECTION, CLEANING, STORAGE AND MAINTENANCE OF RESPIRATORS To ensure adequate performance and proper sanitation, respirators shall be maintained as follows:

a. Inspections. All respirators shall be inspected routinely before and after each use. Emergency use respirators shall be inspected after each use and at least monthly. Emergency respirator inspection records must be maintained for the life of the respirator. SCBAs shall be inspected periodically to ensure proper function during an emergency response and after each use and at least monthly. Follow manufacturer’s recommendations for respirator inspection. General inspection guidance to identify respirator deficiencies is listed below:

(1) Head Straps or Head Harness. Examine straps or harness for breaks, loss of elasticity, broken or malfunctioning buckles and attachments (full facepiece only), excessively worn serrations on the head harness which might permit slippage.

(2) Facepiece. Examine facepiece for excessive dirt;

cracks, tears, holes, or distortion from improper storage; inflexibility (stretch and massage to restore flexibility); cracked or badly scratched lenses in full facepieces; incorrectly mounted full facepiece lens or broken or missing mounting clips; cracked or broken air-purifying element holder(s), badly worn threads, or missing gasket(s) (if required).


B6-17

(3) Inhalation and Exhalation Valves. Examine exhalation valves for foreign material, such as detergent residue, dust particles, or human hair under the valve seat; cracks, tears, or distortion in the valve material; improper insertion of the valve body in the facepiece; cracks, breaks, or chips in the valve body, particularly in the sealing surface; missing or defective exhalation valve cover; improper installation of the valve in the valve body.

(4) Cartridge, Canister, or Filter. Incorrect cartridge, canister, or filter for the hazard; incorrect installation, loose connections, missing or worn gaskets, or cross-threading in holder; expired shelf-life date on cartridge or canister; evidence of prior use of sorbent cartridge or canister, indicated by absence of sealing material, tape, foil, etc., over inlet.

(5) Corrugated Breathing Tubes. Broken or missing end

connectors; missing or loose hose clamps; deterioration, determined by stretching the tube and looking for cracks.

(6) Harness of a Front- or Back-mounted Gas Mask.

Damage or wear to the canister holder which may prevent its being held securely in place; broken harness straps or fastening.

(7) Hoods, Helmets, Blouses, or Full Suits. Examine

for rips and tears and seam integrity; examine the protective headgear, if required, for general condition, with emphasis on the suspension inside the headgear; examine the protective face shield, if any, for cracks or breaks or impaired vision due to rebounding abrasive particles; ensure the protective screen is intact and secured correctly over the face shield of abrasive blasting hoods and blouses.

(8) Air Supply Systems. Examine for integrity and

good condition of the air supply lines and hoses, including attachments and end fittings; correct operation and condition of all regulators, valves, or other air-flow regulators.

b. Cleaning, Sanitizing, and Storage. Respirators shall

be cleaned and sanitized according to manufacturer’s instructions or as follows:

(1) Remove and discard all used cartridges and filters.


B6-18

(2) Disassemble and hand wash the facepiece and parts in a warm water and mild dishwashing detergent solution. Strong cleaning agents can damage respirator parts. Temperatures above 43°C (110°F) and vigorous mechanical agitation shall be avoided. Solvents (e.g., paint removers) that can affect rubber and other parts, shall not be used. Ultrasonic or other suitable washers may be used per manufacturer's instructions.

(3) Sanitize the facepiece using one of the following

methods: (a) Immerse the facepiece for two minutes in a warm water (43° C or 110° F) solution of hypochlorite solution (approximately one milliliter of liquid laundry bleach to one liter of water); or (b) Immerse the facepiece for two minutes in a warm water (43° C or 110° F) solution of iodine (add 0.8 milliliters of tincture of iodine to one liter of water); or (c) Immerse the facepiece for two minutes in a warm water (43 °C or 110° F) solution of approved commercially available cleansers of equivalent disinfectant quality when used as directed, if their use is recommended or approved by the respirator manufacturer.

(4) Rinse in clean warm water not to exceed a temperature above 43°C (110oF).

(5) Air-dry in a clean uncontaminated area in such a

way as to prevent distortion of the facepiece. If drying cabinets are used, the drying temperature shall not exceed 43°C or 110˚F.

(6) Reassemble and reinspect respirator. If

replacement parts are necessary, they shall be obtained and installed or the respirator shall be removed from service until the unserviceable parts are replaced. If parts are not available and cannot be replaced, discard the entire facepiece as it cannot be used without all parts in place. Interchanging of parts is prohibited.


B6-19

(7) Place respirator in a clean plastic bag or other container and seal. Zip-lock plastic bags are preferred. Ensure the respirator is completely dry before sealing to prevent mildew.

(8) Store flat in a clean, dry, uncontaminated area

without crowding which may distort the respirator facepiece.

c. Repair and Maintenance

(1) Personnel shall not service/repair any respirators for which they have not been specifically trained.

(2) No work shall be performed on reducing valves,

regulators or alarms of atmosphere-supplying respirators (e.g., air-line respirators and SCBAs). These items shall be returned to the manufacturer for all repairs and adjustments. B0610. ENTRY INTO IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE OR HEALTH (IDLH) ATMOSPHERES

a. Respirators. Should it become necessary to enter an IDLH atmosphere, only the following two types of respirators shall be used:

(1) A full facepiece, pressure-demand self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

(2) A full facepiece pressure demand air-line

respirator equipped with an auxiliary self-contained air supply having a minimum rated service life of 15 minutes. The self-contained air supply of 15 minutes must be sufficient to ensure escape from the IDLH area. These may only be used to enter an IDLH atmosphere when connected to the supplied air (airline) source. The auxiliary self-contained air supply may only be used for egress purposes. If the self-contained air supply (15-minute supply) is insufficient to ensure escape, then a SCBA with a minimum service life of 30 minutes must be used.

NOTE:

Although specified by reference B6-7, the equipment

required in paragraphs B0610a(1) and (2) is not on the allowance lists of many ships. If the respirators


B6-20

required are not carried aboard ship, an oxygen breathing apparatus (OBA) may be used for entry into atmospheres which are or are potentially IDLH when all of the following three conditions are met: underway, required by an emergency or for operational readiness reasons, and approved by the commanding officer. For situations which are not an emergency or operational readiness, entry shall be delayed until the ship returns to port and the entry may be made by an activity which has proper respiratory protection equipment. The above requirements do not apply to use of an OBA for damage control or firefighting.

b. Standby Personnel. At least one trained standby

person, with a suitable respirator per paragraph B0610a, shall be present in the nearest uncontaminated area. If the standby person enters the IDLH atmosphere, there shall be a second standby person with a suitable respirator in the uncontaminated area.

c. Communications. The standby person and those persons

working in the IDLH atmosphere shall be able to communicate continuously with each other (i.e., visually, by telephone or radio or signal line).

d. Rescue Equipment. Persons who enter any IDLH

atmosphere shall also be equipped with safety harnesses and lines that can be used to rescue them should they lose consciousness. A hoist shall be present for removing personnel from the IDLH atmosphere. For more information on rescue operations and gas free engineering, refer to chapter B8.

CAUTION

Tanks, voids, compartments and other confined spaces may contain atmospheres that are hazardous to life or health. This may be due to the presence of flammable or toxic air contaminants or the absence of sufficient oxygen to sustain life. No one shall be permitted to enter any such area until tests of the atmosphere are completed by a qualified gas free engineer and entry by personnel is authorized by competent authority.


B6-21

CAUTION Educators located in remote spaces, if activated, can

remove all breathing air. Ensure sufficient make-up air is provided and the space has adequate oxygen prior to entry in all educator-equipped remote spaces.

B0611. BREATHING AIR REQUIREMENTS

a. Air Quality. Breathing air or the air output of pumps or compressors which are sources of breathing air for air-line respirators or SCBAs shall meet at least the minimum requirements for Grade-D breathing air per references B6-1 B6-8 and B6-11. For SCBAs on submarines, the breathing air shall meet the minimum requirements of reference B6-11.

b. Ship's Low Pressure (LP) Air Compressors. Ship's LP air is not suitable for use as breathing air unless specifically tested and certified to meet the purity standards in paragraph B0611.a.

c. Ambient Air Breathing Apparatus (AABA). Air intakes for portable pumps such as the AABA shall be placed in an area free of contaminants. Periodic testing of the air quality from an AABA is not required. AABAs shall not be used for entry into IDLH atmospheres.

d. Frequency of Testing. The air output of compressors used by breathing air shall be tested quarterly. Quarterly testing of breathing air does not apply to the Navy's diving program or AABAs. Reference B6-9 addresses diving air requirements.

e. Carbon Monoxide or High Temperature Alarms for

Breathing Air Compressors Containing Oil. Ships shall equip compressor systems with either high-temperature or carbon monoxide monitor and alarm systems or both, to control carbon monoxide levels. High-temperature cut-off switches on fixed compressors, which shut down the compressor at a temperature below which the lubricating oil breaks down (i.e., thermal degradation point), meet the requirement for high-temperature alarms, provided that quarterly monitoring meets the requirements for Grade-D breathing air. Ships shall equip all new and/or upgraded FIXED breathing air compressor systems with


B6-22

high-temperature cut-off switches. New and/or upgraded PORTABLE breathing air compressor systems will be equipped or operated with carbon monoxide monitor and alarm systems during SCBA air cylinder charging operations. Calibrate monitor and alarm systems on compressors used for supplying breathing air according to the manufacturer’s instructions. B0612. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION TRAINING

a. Proper respirator training is essential for personnel required to wear respirators and for supervisors of those wearing respirators. Documented training shall be given prior to respirator use and annually thereafter, and shall include the following topics:

(1) Proper fitting and wearing of the respirator, including how to perform user seal checks. Each person shall demonstrate the capability to don and wear each type of respirator to be worn in the performance of normal and emergency duties including situations in which the respirator malfunctions.

(2) Respirator capabilities and limitations. (3) Why the respirator is necessary, including the

nature and degree of respiratory hazards and how improper fit, usage, or maintenance can compromise the protective effect of the respirator

(4) Proper respirator selection according to intended

use. (5) Respirator care, cleaning, maintenance, inspection,

and storage. (6) Prohibition against facial hair. (7) How to recognize medical signs and symptoms that may

limit or prevent the effective use of respirators. (8) Wearing of spectacles, corrective glasses, face

shields, goggles or other eye and face protection equipment shall not interfere with the seal of the facepiece to the face.


B6-23

(9) Wearing of contact lenses in contaminated atmospheres is permitted.

(10) The general requirements of this chapter.

b. RPM’s shall attend the Respiratory Protection Program

Management Course (CIN A-493-0072) available from NAVOSHENVTRACEN.

c. Personnel assigned to issue respiratory protective

equipment shall be trained on respirator selection, and care and maintenance prior to assignment and annually thereafter. The facility RPM should give the training.

d. See chapter A5 for training aids to assist in respiratory protection training. B0613. MEDICAL EVALUATIONS

a. Military personnel, who have been confirmed by the MDR as having no deployment limiting medical conditions, and with a current annual PHA per reference B6-3 are considered qualified to wear any type of respiratory protection. Shipboard personnel undergoing shore firefighting training are not required to obtain medical qualification or respirator fit testing for self-contained breathing apparatuses (SCBA), including the oxygen breathing apparatus (OBA), prior to reporting for training. Special evaluations shall be performed after prolonged absences from work for medical reasons or whenever a potential respirator-related medical problem has been identified.

b. In cases where individual medical readiness (IMR) status is not known, a formal respirator certification using the medical matrix examination #716 in reference B6-10 should be performed as in the past. In these cases, the following medical care providers can perform examination #716: a physician or a registered/occupational health nurse, physician's assistant, preventive medicine technician (NEC 8432), or a hospital corpsman (independent duty technician NEC 8425, or submarine medical technician (NEC 8402) only) under the supervision of a physician may conduct the medical evaluation.


B6-24

B0614. SUBMARINE RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

a. Respiratory protection program requirements are only applicable to submarine operations in port. When respiratory protection is required at sea, the installed emergency air breathing (EAB) system is the primary protection. Nuclear system welders may use metal fume respirators with their welding goggles.

b. Submarine squadrons or naval submarine support commands (NSSCs) activities shall serve as the respiratory protection manager (RPM) activities for the submarines assigned. NSSC or squadron commander shall designate a RPM to provide support to all submarine units under their cognizance. Submarines shall designate an individual to serve as the respiratory protection assistant (RPA) for that unit.

c. Submarine respiratory protection programs shall

comply with the following requirements:

(1) Proper respirator training is essential for personnel required to wear respirators and for supervisors of those wearing respirators. Required training shall be given and documented prior to respirator use and annually thereafter, and shall include the following topics:

(a) Proper fitting and wearing of the respirator, including how to perform user seal checks. Each person shall demonstrate their capability to don and doff each type of respirator to be worn in the performance of normal and emergency duties including situations in which the respirator malfunctions.

(b) Respirator capabilities and limitations including

respirator and cartridge service life and warning signs of respirator failure.

(c) Nature and degree of respiratory hazards and the effects from exposure to the hazardous atmosphere.

(d) Proper respirator selection according to intended use.

(e) Respirator care, cleaning, maintenance and

storage.


B6-25

(f) Prohibition against facial hair. (g) How to recognize medical signs and symptoms

that may limit or prevent the effective use of respirators.

(h) Wearing of corrective glasses, goggles or other eye and face protection shall not interfere with the seal of the facepiece to the face.

(i) Wearing of contact lenses in contaminated atmospheres is permitted.

d. Respiratory protection managers (RPM) at submarine squadrons or NSSCs shall attend Respiratory Protection Program Management (RPPM) course (CIN A-493-0072). Courses are available from the Navy Occupational Safety and Health and Environmental Training Center (NAVOSHENVTRACEN).

(1) Personnel assigned to issue respiratory protective equipment shall be trained on respirator selection, and care and maintenance prior to assignment and annually thereafter. The training should be given by the facility RPM.

(2) Submarine personnel assigned as the RPA shall be

trained by the NSSC or squadron designated RPM. Training shall include local guidance and program standard operating procedures, respirator selection, care and maintenance, fit-testing procedures, and respirator user training. Training shall be conducted upon initial assignment and annually thereafter.

(3) See chapter A5 for training aids to assist in

respiratory protection training. Department heads, division officers, leading petty officers, and the MDR shall be trained annually on the recognition of work requiring respirators, respiratory protection procedures, and the proper use of respirators.

e. Responsibilities

(1) Per paragraph B0614(b), NSSC or squadron commanders shall designate a RPM to provide support to all submarine units under their cognizance.


B6-26

(2) The RPM shall: (a) Ensure that up-to-date command guidance exists on respiratory protection. Such guidance will normally be issued in this chapter; however, information unique to the command may be written into a command directive. (b) Develop and maintain a roster of personnel enrolled in the respiratory protection program.

(c) For respirators needed while underway (e.g., nuclear welders), provide guidance to submarine RPAs and supply officers on the selection of proper types and stock levels of respiratory protective equipment. Sufficient respirators, spare parts, and expendable supplies (e.g., cartridges and filters) shall be stocked to conduct all operations.” (d) Ensure respirator users and supervisors of those wearing respirators are trained on respiratory protection requirements. This training shall be repeated annually. (e) Ensure appropriate fit testing is performed for all respirator users. Fit testing may be conducted by squadron/NSSC RPM, submarine RPA, supporting intermediate maintenance activity (IMA), or other sources. Fit testing results will be documented and contain the following minimum elements: 1. Name, rate/rank, division, department. 2. Date of current periodic military physical and/or preventive health assessment.

3. Date of fit-test and by whom.

4. Fit-test medium (material used (e.g., Bitrex, irritant smoke)) and type of cartridge(s) or filter used in the test. 5. Make (brand), model, and size of respirator(s) fitted. (f) Provide the supporting submarine intermediate maintenance activity (IMA) or central respirator


B6-27

issue/control point an electronic copy of respirator fit test results to contain as a minimum:

1. Name. 2. Last respirator training date. 3. Date medically qualified. 4. Respirator successfully fit tested (brand,

model, size). 5. Name of fit tester/date/command.

(g) Coordinate with the supporting submarine IMA

to determine what respirators (brand, model, and size) are available for issue.

(h) Train submarine RPAs initially upon

assignment and annually thereafter. Training shall include local guidance and program standard operating procedures, respirator selection, care and maintenance, fit testing procedures, and respirator user training procedures.

(i) Provide submarine RPAs with a copy of the

local guidance or standard operating procedures, roster of personnel in the respiratory protection program, standard submarine respiratory protection lesson plan for training, and sufficient supplies to conduct fit testing and training.

(j) Provide submarine RPAs with a letter verifying training by the RPM.

(k) Evaluate the overall program annually and

evaluate compliance of each submarine unit at least once during each in port availability period to include a review of procedures, fit testing and training conducted by appointed RPAs. A checklist for program evaluation is provided in appendix B6-A.

(l) Ensure a baseline or periodic industrial

hygiene survey (IH) has been conducted of all processes and areas where there is the risk of occupational exposure to air contaminates. The IH survey will provide recommendations on the


B6-28

types of respiratory protection required for various processes, areas, and situations.

(m) Coordinate with the submarine IMA, squadrons

and NSSC to establish a central respirator issue/control point for issuing, maintaining, and storing respirators.

(n) Ensure respirators are inspected, cleaned,

disinfected, maintained, and stored per paragraph B0609.

(3) Submarine commanding officers shall appoint at least one RPA (for two-crew submarines, each crew shall have at least one RPA).

(4) The RPA shall:

(a) Assist the NSSC/squadron RPM in the management of the program for his submarine.

(b) Maintain a copy of the local guidance or standard

operating procedures, roster of personnel in the respiratory protection program, standard submarine respiratory protection lesson plan for training, and sufficient supplies to conduct fit testing and training.

(c) Ensure respirator users and supervisors of those

wearing respirators are trained on respiratory protection requirements. This training shall be repeated annually.

(d) Ensure appropriate fit-testing is performed for

all respirator users. Recordkeeping for fit-testing shall include type of respirator, brand name and model, method of test, test results, test date, name of the instructor/tester, and name of the individual tested.

(e) Provide command guidance for work processes that

may require use of respiratory protection, as identified in the industrial hygiene survey.

(f) Issue respirators to personnel requiring

respiratory protection.


B6-29

(5) Division officers shall:

(a) Ensure that personnel have a current fit test and

training prior to donning a respirator. (b) For respirators needed while in port, ensure

personnel obtain required respirator from the supporting submarine IMA, NSSC, or squadron.

(c) Ensure non-disposable respirators are returned to

supporting submarine IMA when work is completed and prior to getting underway.

(d) Provide respirators needed while underway (e.g.,

nuclear systems welders).

(6) The MDR shall:

(a) Confirm that personnel, who are issued respirators have no deployment limiting medical conditions, and have a current annual PHA per reference B6-3 (see paragraph B0613).

(b) Assist the RPM and/or RPA in identifying and

evaluating hazards and selecting appropriate respirators, as recommended in the industrial hygiene survey.

(7) Supporting submarine IMAs shall:

(a) Upon request, schedule/provide initial or refresher fit-testing and training for the submarine respirator users while in port.

(b) Upon request establish a respirator central

control point and provide only the respirators needed by submarines in port. Respirators will only be issued to personnel with respirator user cards described in paragraph B0614e(2)(f).

(c) Provide a standard submarine respiratory

protection lesson plan to RPMs and submarine RPAs for use in training their crews.


B6-30

(8) Personnel required to wear a respirator to perform in-port work shall:

(a) Wear the provided respirator when required and

in a proper manner. (b) Inspect the respirator before and after each

use per paragraph B0609a.

(c) Perform a positive and negative respirator facepiece seal check prior to each use per paragraph B0607b.

(d) Report any malfunction of the respirator to

their immediate supervisor and the RPA.

(e) Prevent damage or loss of respiratory protective equipment.

f. Procedures

(1) Personnel shall report to the RPA or RPM for fit- testing and training. Those personnel who do not have a current (within one year) record of fit-testing/training shall be fit-tested and trained by the RPA, RPM or submarine supporting IMA

(2) All personnel shall receive the following training prior to respirator issue from the respirator issuing facility:

(a) Respirator inspection procedures. (b) Positive and negative facepiece seal checks. (c) Respirator/cartridge service life.

(d) Warning signs of respirator failure.

Respirators/cartridges shall be issued for the duration of the job.

(3) Upon completion of work, disposable respirators shall be disposed of; non-disposable respirators shall be returned to the supplying activity.


B6-31

g. Training. Department heads, division officers, leading petty officers, and the MDR shall be trained annually on the recognition of work requiring respirators, respiratory protection procedures, and the proper use of respirators.

CHAPTER B6

REFERENCES B6-1. 29 CFR 1910.134 Respiratory Protection http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=12716 B6-2. NAVSEA S9213-33-MMA-000/V, Radiological Controls for Ships B6-3. OPNAVINST 6120.3 B6-4. OPNAVINST 5100.23G B6-5. NEHC Technical Manual, NEHC-TM6290.91-2, Industrial Hygiene Field Operations Manual, chapter 9, Respiratory Protection, http://www-nehc.med.navy.mil/downloads/ih/ihfom/IHFOM_CH9.pdf B6-6. 42 CFR 84, Approval of Respiratory Protection Devices B6-7. Naval Ships Technical Manual (NSTM) 074, Volume 3, Gas Free Engineering B6-8. Compressed Gas Association, Inc., Commodity Specification for Air, Pamphlet G-7.1-2004 (NOTAL) B6-9. OPNAVINST 3150.27B B6-10. NEHC Technical Manual OM 6260, Occupational Medical Surveillance Procedures Manual and Medical Matrix http://www-nehc.med.navy.mil/occmed/Matrix.htm.

http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=12716

http://www-nehc.med.navy.mil/downloads/ih/ihfom/IHFOM_CH9.pdf

http://www-nehc.med.navy.mil/occmed/Matrix.htm


B6-32

B6-11. NAVSEA S9510-AB-ATM-010(U), Nuclear Powered Submarine Atmosphere Control Manual


Appendix B6-A

Respirator Program Checklist

Program Element Yes No N/AIs a respiratory protection manager (RPM) appointed in writing by the commanding officer? (paragraph B0602(a)

Has the RPM completed the required training described in paragraphs B0602(b)(1) and B0612(b)?

Has a baseline or periodic industrial hygiene survey been conducted of all processes and areas where there is the risk of occupational exposure to air contaminants? (paragraph B0602(b)(2))

Does the industrial hygiene survey provide recommendations on the types of respiratory protection required for various processes, areas, and situations? (paragraph B0602(b)(2))

Are there a sufficient supply of NIOSH or NIOSH approved respirators, spare parts, and expendable supplies (e.g., cartridges and filters) maintained to conduct routine and emergency operations? (paragraph B0602(b)(3))

Are there a sufficient number of respirator models and sizes so that the respirator is acceptable to, and correctly fits, the users? (paragraph B0602(b)(3))

Is a current roster of personnel enrolled in respiratory protection maintained and provided to the medical department representative (paragraph B0602(b)(4))?

Is fit testing performed initially and annually and documented per paragraph B0608? (paragraphs B0602(b)(5)and B0603(h)

Are central control points established for issuing and maintaining respiratory protection equipment? (paragraph B0602(b)(6))

Are divisions that frequently use respirators and personnel who are assigned individual respirators allowed to maintain custody of their own respiratory protection equipment and are responsible for its proper case and storage? (paragraph B0602(b)(6))


B6-A-2

Program Element Yes No N/AAre respirators inspected, cleaned, disinfected, stored, maintained and repaired per paragraph B0609? (paragraph B0602(b)(7))

Is the respirator program evaluated at least annually by the RPM using this checklist (paragraph B0602(b)(9)) and evaluated by the industrial hygiene office performing baseline and periodic industrial hygiene surveys? (paragraph B0603(l))

Has the medical department representative (MDR) confirmed that personnel, who are issued respirators have no deployment limiting medical conditions, and have a current annual Preventive Health Assessment per OPNAVINST 6120.3 and paragraph B0613? (paragraph B0602(d)(1))

Does the MDR assist the RPM in identifying and evaluating hazards and selecting appropriate respirators, as recommended in the industrial hygiene survey? (paragraph B0602(d)(2))?

Do respirator issuers issue respirators only to personnel who are trained, medically certified per paragraph B0613, and successfully fit-tested for the respirator(s) requested? (paragraph B0602(e))

Are respirator issuers trained initially and annually by the facility RPM on respirator selection, care and maintenance? (paragraph B0612(c))

Do all hands inspect their respirator before and after each use; perform user seal checks, prevent damage to or loss of respirators; and report any malfunction of the respirator to their immediate supervisor? (paragraph B0602(f))

Are there written standard operating procedures (SOPs) governing the selection, care, issue, and use of respirators, including worksite SOPs? (paragraph B0603(c))

Are only NIOSH approved respirators selected and issued? (paragraph B0603(d))

Are only hoses supplied by the respirator manufacturer as part of the complete supplied-air assemblage used? (paragraph B0606(c))


B6-A-3

Program Element Yes No N/AAre air-line couplings incompatible with outlet couplings for other gas systems to prevent inadvertent servicing with non-respirable gases or oxygen? (paragraph B0606(c))

Are tight fitting respirators not allowed to be worn when conditions such as facial hair, facial scars, or prescription eyeglasses prevent a good respirator seal? (paragraph B0607(a)(4))

Are particulate filters changed or filtering facepiece respirators discarded when breathing resistance is first noticed? (paragraph B0607(c)(1))

Are emergency use respirators inspected after each use and at least monthly and are inspection records maintained for the life of the respirator (paragraph B0609(a))?

Are only SCBA or combination airline/SCBA allowed for entry into IDLH atmospheres? (paragraph B0610(a)(2))

During entry into IDLH atmospheres, is at least one trained standby person, with a suitable respirator per paragraph B0610a, present in the nearest uncontaminated area? If the standby person enters the IDLH atmosphere, is there a second standby person with a suitable respirator in the uncontaminated area? (paragraph B0610(b))

During entry into IDLH atmospheres, is the standby person and those persons working in the IDLH atmosphere able to communicate continuously with each other, i.e., visually, by telephone or radio or signal line? (paragraph B0610(c))

Are personnel entering into IDLH atmospheres also equipped with safety harnesses and lines that can be used to rescue them should they lose consciousness? (paragraph B0610(d))

Is a hoist present for removing personnel from the IDLH atmosphere? (paragraph B0610(d))?


B6-A-4

Program Element Yes No N/AIs entry into tanks, voids, compartments and other confined spaces prohibited until tests of the atmosphere are completed by a qualified gas free engineer and entry by personnel is authorized by competent authority? (paragraph B0610(d))

Are breathing air sources tested quarterly to ensure they meet Grade D air quality requirements of paragraph B0611? (paragraphs B0602(b)(8) and B0611(d))

Is ship's low pressure air prohibited from use as breathing air unless specifically tested and certified to meet the purity standards in paragraph B0611(a). (paragraph B0611(b))?

Are air intakes for portable pumps such as the AABA placed in an area free of contaminants? (paragraph B0611(c))

Are fixed air compressor systems equipped with high-temperature cut-off switches, which shut down the compressor at a temperature below which the lubricating oil breaks down (i.e., thermal degradation point) and do these compressors meet quarterly requirements for Grade D breathing air? (paragraph B0611(e)

New and/or upgraded fixed breathing air compressor systems equipped with high-temperature cut-off switches? (paragraph B0611(e)

New and/or upgraded portable breathing air compressor systems equipped or operated with carbon monoxide monitor and alarm systems during SCBA air cylinder charging operations? (paragraph B0611(e)

Are monitor and alarm systems on compressors used for supplying breathing air calibrated according to the manufacturer’s instructions? (paragraph B0611(e)

Are respirator wearers trained initially and annually per paragraph B0612?


Appendix B6-B TYPES OF RESPIRATORS

Filtering Facepiece Half-mask

Full face Airline/SCBA

SCBA EEBD


Appendix B6-C

Qualitative Respirator Fit Test Protocols 1. Fit Testing Procedures - General Requirements The tester shall conduct fit testing using the following procedures. The requirements in this appendix apply to all OSHA- accepted fit test methods, both qualitative fit test (QLFT) and quantitative fit test (QNFT). a. The test subject shall be allowed to pick the most acceptable respirator from a sufficient number of respirator models and sizes so that the respirator is acceptable to, and correctly fits, the user. b. Prior to the selection process, the test subject shall be shown how to put on a respirator, how it should be positioned on the face, how to set strap tension and how to determine an acceptable fit. A mirror shall be available to assist the subject in evaluating the fit and positioning of the respirator. This instruction may not constitute the subject's formal training on respirator use, because it is only a review. c. The test subject shall be informed that he/she is being asked to select the respirator that provides the most acceptable fit. Each respirator represents a different size and shape, and if fitted and used properly, will provide adequate protection. d. The test subject shall be instructed to hold each chosen facepiece up to the face and eliminate those that obviously do not give an acceptable fit. e. The more acceptable facepieces are noted in case the one selected proves unacceptable; the most comfortable mask is donned and worn at least five minutes to assess comfort. Assistance in assessing comfort can be given by discussing the points in the following item I.6. If the test subject is not familiar with using a particular respirator, the test subject shall be directed to don the mask several times and to adjust the straps each time to become adept at setting proper tension on the straps.


B6-C-2

f. Assessment of comfort shall include a review of the following points with the test subject and allowing the test subject adequate time to determine the comfort of the respirator:

(1) Position of the mask on the nose, (2) Room for eye protection, (3) Room to talk, (4) Position of mask on face and cheeks.

g. The following criteria shall be used to help determine the adequacy of the respirator fit:

(1) Chin properly placed; (2) Adequate strap tension, not overly tightened; (3) Fit across nose bridge; (4) Respirator of proper size to span distance from nose

to chin; (5) Tendency of respirator to slip; (6) Self-observation in mirror to evaluate fit and

respirator position. h. The test subject shall conduct a user seal check, either the negative and positive pressure seal checks described in paragraph B0607 or those recommended by the respirator manufacturer which provides equivalent protection to the procedures in paragraph B0607. Before conducting the negative and positive pressure checks, the subject shall be told to seat the mask on the face by moving the head from side-to-side and up and down slowly while taking in a few slow deep breaths. Another facepiece shall be selected and retested if the test subject fails the user seal check tests. i. The test shall not be conducted if there is any hair growth between the skin and the facepiece sealing surface, such as stubble beard growth, beard, mustache or sideburns which


B6-C-3

cross the respirator sealing surface. Any type of apparel which interferes with a satisfactory fit shall be altered or removed. j. If a test subject exhibits difficulty in breathing during the tests, she or he shall be referred to a physician or other licensed health care professional, as appropriate, to determine whether the test subject can wear a respirator while performing her or his duties. k. If the employee finds the fit of the respirator unacceptable, the test subject shall be given the opportunity to select a different respirator and to be retested. l. Exercise regimen. Prior to the commencement of the fit test, the test subject shall be given a description of the fit test and the test subject's responsibilities during the test procedure. The description of the process shall include a description of the test exercises that the subject will be performing. The respirator to be tested shall be worn for at least five minutes before the start of the fit test. m. The fit-test shall be performed while the test subject is wearing any applicable safety equipment that may be worn during actual respirator use which could interfere with respirator fit. n. Test Exercises: The following test exercises are to be performed for all fit-testing methods prescribed in this appendix. The test subject shall perform exercises, in the test environment, in the following manner:

(1) Normal breathing. In a normal standing position, without talking, the subject shall breathe normally.

(2) Deep breathing. In a normal standing position, the subject shall breathe slowly and deeply, taking caution so as not to hyperventilate.

(3) Turning head side to side. Standing in place, the subject shall slowly turn his/her head from side to side between the extreme positions on each side. The head shall be held at each extreme momentarily so the subject can inhale at each side.


B6-C-4

(4) Moving head up and down. Standing in place, the subject shall slowly move his/her head up and down. The subject shall be instructed to inhale in the up position (i.e., when looking toward the ceiling).

(5) Talking. The subject shall talk out loud slowly and loud enough so as to be heard clearly by the test conductor. The subject can read from a prepared text such as the Rainbow Passage, count backward from 100, or recite a memorized poem or song. Rainbow Passage

When the sunlight strikes raindrops in the air, they act like a prism and form a rainbow. The rainbow is a division of white light into many beautiful colors. These take the shape of a long round arch, with its path high above, and its two ends apparently beyond the horizon. There is, according to legend, a boiling pot of gold at one end. People look, but no one ever finds it. When a man looks for something beyond reach, his friends say he is looking for the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. (6) Grimace. The test subject shall grimace by smiling

or frowning. (This applies only to QNFT testing; it is not performed for QLFT.)

(7) Bending over. The test subject shall bend at the waist as if he/she were to touch his/her toes. Jogging in place shall be substituted for this exercise in those test environments such as shroud type QNFT or QLFT units that do not permit bending over at the waist.

(8) Normal breathing. Same as exercise (1).

(9) Each test exercise shall be performed for one minute except for the grimace exercise which shall be performed for 15 seconds. The test subject shall be questioned by the test conductor regarding the comfort of the respirator upon completion of the protocol. If it has become unacceptable, another model of respirator shall be tried. The respirator shall not be adjusted once the fit test exercises begin. Any adjustment voids the test, and the fit test must be repeated.


B6-C-5

2. Isoamyl Acetate (IAA) Fit Test Note: This protocol is not appropriate to use for the fit testing of particulate respirators. If used to fit test particulate respirators, the respirator must be equipped with an organic vapor filter. Odor Threshold Screening Odor threshold screening, performed without wearing a respirator, is intended to determine if the individual tested can detect the odor of isoamyl acetate at low levels. a. Three 1 liter glass jars with metal lids are required. b. Odor-free water (e.g., distilled or spring water) at approximately 25 degrees C (77 degrees F) shall be used for the solutions. c. The isoamyl acetate (IAA) (also known at isopentyl acetate) stock solution is prepared by adding 1 ml of pure IAA to 800 ml of odor-free water in a one liter jar, closing the lid and shaking for 30 seconds. A new solution shall be prepared at least weekly. d. The screening test shall be conducted in a room separate from the room used for actual fit testing. The two rooms shall be well-ventilated to prevent the odor of IAA from becoming evident in the general room air where testing takes place. e. The odor test solution is prepared in a second jar by placing 0.4 ml of the stock solution into 500 ml of odor-free water using a clean dropper or pipette. The solution shall be shaken for 30 seconds and allowed to stand for two to three minutes so that the IAA concentration above the liquid may reach equilibrium. This solution shall be used for only one day. f. A test blank shall be prepared in a third jar by adding 500 cc of odor-free water. g. The odor test and test blank jar lids shall be labeled (e.g., 1 and 2) for jar identification. Labels shall be placed on the lids so that they can be peeled off periodically and switched to maintain the integrity of the test.


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h. The following instruction shall be typed on a card and placed on the table in front of the two test jars (i.e., 1 and 2):

“The purpose of this test is to determine if you can smell banana oil at a low concentration. The two bottles in front of you contain water. One of these bottles also contains a small amount of banana oil. Be sure the covers are on tight, then shake each bottle for two seconds. Unscrew the lid of each bottle, one at a time, and sniff at the mouth of the bottle. Indicate to the test conductor which bottle contains banana oil.”

i. The mixtures used in the IAA odor detection test shall be prepared in an area separate from where the test is performed, in order to prevent olfactory fatigue in the subject. j. If the test subject is unable to correctly identify the jar containing the odor test solution, the IAA qualitative fit test shall not be performed. k. If the test subject correctly identifies the jar containing the odor test solution, the test subject may proceed to respirator selection and fit testing. 3. IAA Fit-Test a. The fit-test chamber shall be a clear 55-gallon drum liner suspended inverted over a two-foot diameter frame so that the top of the chamber is about six inches above the test subject’s head. If no drum liner is available, a similar chamber shall be constructed using plastic sheeting. The inside top center of the chamber shall have a small hook attached. b. Each respirator used for the fitting and fit testing shall be equipped with organic vapor cartridges or offer protection against organic vapors. c. After selecting, donning, and properly adjusting a respirator, the test subject shall wear it to the fit testing room. This room shall be separate from the room used for odor threshold screening and respirator selection, and shall be well ventilated, as by an exhaust fan or lab hood, to prevent general room contamination.


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d. A copy of the test exercises and any prepared text from which the subject is to read shall be taped to the inside of the test chamber. e. Upon entering the test chamber, the test subject shall be given a 6-inch by 5-inch piece of paper towel, or other porous, absorbent, single-ply material, folded in half and wetted with 0.75 ml of pure IAA. The test subject shall hang the wet towel on the hook at the top of the chamber. An IAA test swab or ampoule may be substituted for the IAA wetted paper towel provided it has been demonstrated that the alternative IAA source will generate an IAA test atmosphere with a concentration equivalent to that generated by the paper towel method. f. Allow two minutes for the IAA test concentration to stabilize before starting the fit test exercises. This would be an appropriate time to talk with the test subject; to explain the fit test, the importance of his/her cooperation, and the purpose for the test exercises; or to demonstrate the exercises in paragraph I.14. g. If at any time during the test, the subject detects the banana-like odor of IAA, the test is failed. The subject shall quickly exit from the test chamber and leave the test area to avoid olfactory fatigue. h. If the test is failed, the subject shall return to the selection room and remove the respirator. The test subject shall repeat the odor sensitivity test (paragraph II.(a)), select and put on another respirator, return to the test area and again begin the fit test procedure described in paragraphs II.b.(1) through (7) above. The process continues until a respirator that fits well has been found. Should the odor sensitivity test be failed, the subject shall wait at least five minutes before retesting. Odor sensitivity will usually have returned by this time. i. If the subject passes the test, the efficiency of the test procedure shall be demonstrated by having the subject break the respirator face seal and take a breath before exiting the chamber. j. When the test subject leaves the chamber, the subject shall remove the saturated towel and return it to the person


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conducting the test, so that there is no significant IAA concentration buildup in the chamber during subsequent tests. The used towels shall be kept in a self-sealing plastic bag to keep the test area from being contaminated. 4. Saccharin Solution Aérosol Protocol. The entire screening and testing procedure shall be explained to the test subject prior to the conduct of the screening test. a. Taste threshold screening. The saccharin taste threshold screening, performed without wearing a respirator, is intended to determine whether the individual being tested can detect the taste of saccharin. (1) During threshold screening as well as during fit testing, subjects shall wear an enclosure about the head and shoulders that is approximately 12 inches in diameter by 14 inches tall with at least the front portion clear and that allows free movements of the head when a respirator is worn. An enclosure substantially similar to the 3M hood assembly, parts # FT 14 and # FT 15 combined, is adequate. (2) The test enclosure shall have a 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) hole in front of the test subject’s nose and mouth area to accommodate the nebulizer nozzle. (3) The test subject shall don the test enclosure. Throughout the threshold screening test, the test subject shall breathe through his/her slightly open mouth with tongue extended. The subject is instructed to report when he/she detects a sweet taste.

Note:

If the test subject eats or drinks something sweet before the screening test, he/she may be unable to taste the weak saccharin solution.

(4) Using a DeVilbiss Model 40 inhalation medication nebulizer or equivalent, the test conductor shall spray the threshold check solution into the enclosure. The nozzle is directed away from the nose and mouth of the person. This nebulizer shall be clearly marked to distinguish it from the fit test solution nebulizer.


B6-C-9

(5) The threshold check solution is prepared by dissolving 0.83 gram of sodium saccharin USP in 100 ml of warm water. It can be prepared by putting one ml of the fit test solution (see paragraph III(b)(5) below) in 100 ml of distilled water. (6) To produce the aerosol, the nebulizer bulb is firmly squeezed so that it collapses completely, then released and allowed to fully expand. (7) Ten squeezes are repeated rapidly and then the test subject is asked whether the saccharin can be tasted. If the test subject reports tasting the sweet taste during the 10 squeezes, the screening test is completed. The taste threshold is noted as 10 regardless of the number of squeezes actually completed. (8) If the first response is negative, 10 more squeezes are repeated rapidly and the test subject is again asked whether the saccharin is tasted. If the test subject reports tasting the sweet taste during the second 10 squeezes, the screening test is completed. The taste threshold is noted as 20 regardless of the number of squeezes actually completed. (9) If the second response is negative, 10 more squeezes are repeated rapidly and the test subject is again asked whether the saccharin is tasted. If the test subject reports tasting the sweet taste during the third set of 10 squeezes, the screening test is completed. The taste threshold is noted as 30 regardless of the number of squeezes actually completed. (10) The test conductor will take note of the number of squeezes required to solicit a taste response. (11) If the saccharin is not tasted after 30 squeezes (step 10), the test subject is unable to taste saccharin and may not perform the saccharin fit test. (12) If a taste response is elicited, the test subject shall be asked to take note of the taste for reference in the fit test. (13) Correct use of the nebulizer means that approximately one ml of liquid is used at a time in the nebulizer body.


B6-C-10

(14) The nebulizer shall be thoroughly rinsed in water, shaken dry, and refilled at least each morning and afternoon or at least every four hours. b. Saccharin solution aerosol fit test procedure

(1) The test subject may not eat, drink (except plain water), smoke, or chew gum for 15 minutes before the test. (2) The fit test uses the same enclosure described in IIIb.1 above. (3) The test subject shall don the enclosure while wearing the respirator selected in paragraph I of this appendix. The respirator shall be properly adjusted and equipped with a particulate filter(s). (4) A second DeVilbiss Model 40 Inhalation Medication Nebulizer or equivalent is used to spray the fit test solution into the enclosure. This nebulizer shall be clearly marked to distinguish it from the screening test solution nebulizer. (5) The fit test solution is prepared by adding 83 grams of sodium saccharin to 100 ml of warm water. (6) As before, the test subject shall breathe through the slightly open mouth with tongue extended, and report if he/she tastes the sweet taste of saccharin. (7) The nebulizer is inserted into the hole in the front of the enclosure and an initial concentration of saccharin fit test solution is sprayed into the enclosure using the same number of squeezes (either 10, 20 or 30 squeezes) based on the number of squeezes required to elicit a taste response as noted during the screening test. A minimum of 10 squeezes is required. (8) After generating the aerosol, the test subject shall be instructed to perform the exercises in paragraph I.14. of this appendix. (9) Every 30 seconds the aerosol concentration shall be replenished using one half the original number of squeezes used initially (e.g., 5, 10 or 15).


B6-C-11

(10) The test subject shall indicate to the test conductor if at any time during the fit-test the taste of saccharin is detected. If the test subject does not report tasting the saccharin, the test is passed. (11) If the taste of saccharin is detected, the fit is deemed unsatisfactory and the test is failed. A different respirator shall be tried and the entire test procedure is repeated (taste threshold screening and fit testing). (12) Since the nebulizer has a tendency to clog during use, the test operator must make periodic checks of the nebulizer to ensure that it is not clogged. If clogging is found at the end of the test session, the test is invalid. 5. Bitrex TM (Denatonium Benzoate) Solution Aerosol Qualitative Fit Test (QLFT) Protocol. The Bitrex TM (Denatonium benzoate) solution aerosol QLFT protocol uses the published saccharin test protocol because that protocol is widely accepted. Bitrex is routinely used as a taste aversion agent in household liquids which children should not be drinking and is endorsed by the American Medical Association, the National Safety Council, and the American Association of Poison Control Centers. The entire screening and testing procedure shall be explained to the test subject prior to the conduct of the screening test. a. Taste Threshold Screening. The Bitrex taste threshold screening, performed without wearing a respirator, is intended to determine whether the individual being tested can detect the taste of Bitrex. (1) During threshold screening as well as during fit- testing, subjects shall wear an enclosure about the head and shoulders that is approximately 12 inches (30.5 cm) in diameter by 14 inches (35.6 cm) tall. The front portion of the enclosure shall be clear from the respirator and allow free movement of the head when a respirator is worn. An enclosure substantially similar to the 3M hood assembly, parts # FT 14 and # FT 15 combined, is adequate. (2) The test enclosure shall have a 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) hole in front of the test subject’s nose and mouth area to accommodate the nebulizer nozzle.


B6-C-12

(3) The test subject shall don the test enclosure. Throughout the threshold screening test, the test subject shall breathe through his or her slightly open mouth with tongue extended. The subject is instructed to report when he/she detects a bitter taste. (4) Using a DeVilbiss Model 40 Inhalation Medication Nebulizer or equivalent, the test conductor shall spray the Threshold Check Solution into the enclosure. This nebulizer shall be clearly marked to distinguish it from the fit test solution nebulizer. (5) The threshold check solution is prepared by adding 13.5 milligrams of Bitrex to 100 ml of 5% salt (NaCl) solution in distilled water. (6) To produce the aerosol, the nebulizer bulb is firmly squeezed so that the bulb collapses completely, and is then released and allowed to fully expand. (7) An initial 10 squeezes are repeated rapidly and then the test subject is asked whether the Bitrex can be tasted. If the test subject reports tasting the bitter taste during the 10 squeezes, the screening test is completed. The taste threshold is noted as 10 regardless of the number of squeezes actually completed. (8) If the first response is negative, 10 more squeezes are repeated rapidly and the test subject is again asked whether the Bitrex is tasted. If the test subject reports tasting the bitter taste during the second 10 squeezes, the screening test is completed. The taste threshold is noted as 20 regardless of the number of squeezes actually completed. (9) If the second response is negative, 10 more squeezes are repeated rapidly and the test subject is again asked whether the Bitrex is tasted. If the test subject reports tasting the bitter taste during the third set of 10 squeezes, the screening test is completed. The taste threshold is noted as 30 regardless of the number of squeezes actually completed. (10) The test conductor will take note of the number of squeezes required to solicit a taste response.


B6-C-13

(11) If the Bitrex is not tasted after 30 squeezes (step 10), the test subject is unable to taste Bitrex and may not perform the Bitrex fit test. (12) If a taste response is elicited, the test subject shall be asked to take note of the taste for reference in the fit test. (13) Correct use of the nebulizer means that approximately one ml of liquid is used at a time in the nebulizer body. (14) The nebulizer shall be thoroughly rinsed in water, shaken to dry, and refilled at least each morning and afternoon or at least every four hours. b. Bitrex Solution Aerosol Fit Test Procedure. (1) The test subject may not eat, drink (except plain water), smoke, or chew gum for 15 minutes before the test. (2) The fit test uses the same enclosure as that described in paragraph IV.a.(1) above. (3) The test subject shall don the enclosure while wearing the respirator selected according to paragraph I of this appendix. The respirator shall be properly adjusted and equipped with any type particulate filter(s). (4) A second DeVilbiss Model 40 Inhalation Medication Nebulizer or equivalent is used to spray the fit test solution into the enclosure. This nebulizer shall be clearly marked to distinguish it from the screening test solution nebulizer. (5) The fit-test solution is prepared by adding 337.5 mg of Bitrex to 200 ml of a 5% salt (NaCl) solution in warm water. (6) As before, the test subject shall breathe through his or her slightly open mouth with tongue extended, and be instructed to report if he/she tastes the bitter taste of Bitrex. (7) The nebulizer is inserted into the hole in the front of the enclosure and an initial concentration of the fit test solution is sprayed into the enclosure using the same number of


B6-C-14

squeezes (either 10, 20 or 30 squeezes) based on the number of squeezes required to elicit a taste response as noted during the screening test. (8) After generating the aerosol, the test subject shall be instructed to perform the exercises in paragraph I.14. of this appendix. (9) Every 30 seconds the aerosol concentration shall be replenished using one half the number of squeezes used initially (e.g., 5, 10 or 15). (10) The test subject shall indicate to the test conductor if at any time during the fit test the taste of Bitrex is detected. If the test subject does not report tasting the Bitrex, the test is passed. (11) If the taste of Bitrex is detected, the fit is deemed unsatisfactory and the test is failed. A different respirator shall be tried and the entire test procedure is repeated (taste threshold screening and fit testing).

6. Irritant Smoke (Stannic Chloride) Protocol. This qualitative fit-test uses a person’s response to the irritating chemicals released in the smoke produced by a stannic chloride ventilation smoke tube to detect leakage into the respirator. a. General Requirements and Precautions (1) The respirator to be tested shall be equipped with high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) or P100 series filter(s). (2) Only stannic chloride smoke tubes shall be used for this protocol. (3) No form of test enclosure or hood for the test subject shall be used. (4) The smoke can be irritating to the eyes, lungs, and nasal passages. The test conductor shall take precautions to minimize the test subject’s exposure to irritant smoke. Sensitivity varies, and certain individuals may respond to a greater degree to irritant smoke. Care shall be taken when performing the sensitivity screening checks that determine


B6-C-15

whether the test subject can detect irritant smoke to use only the minimum amount of smoke necessary to elicit a response from the test subject. (5) The fit test shall be performed in an area with adequate ventilation to prevent exposure of the person conducting the fit test or the build-up of irritant smoke in the general atmosphere. b. Sensitivity Screening Check. The person to be tested must demonstrate his or her ability to detect a weak concentration of the irritant smoke. (1) The test operator shall break both ends of a ventilation smoke tube containing stannic chloride, and attach one end of the smoke tube to a low flow air pump set to deliver 200 milliliters per minute, or an aspirator squeeze bulb. The test operator shall cover the other end of the smoke tube with a short piece of tubing to prevent potential injury from the jagged end of the smoke tube. (2) The test operator shall advise the test subject that the smoke can be irritating to the eyes, lungs, and nasal passages and instruct the subject to keep his/her eyes closed while the test is performed. (3) The test subject shall be allowed to smell a weak concentration of the irritant smoke before the respirator is donned to become familiar with its irritating properties and to determine if he/she can detect the irritating properties of the smoke. The test operator shall carefully direct a small amount of the irritant smoke in the test subject’s direction to determine that he/she can detect it. c. Irritant Smoke Fit Test Procedure (1) The person being fit tested shall don the respirator without assistance, and perform the required user seal check(s). (2) The test subject shall be instructed to keep his/her eyes closed. (3) The test operator shall direct the stream of irritant smoke from the smoke tube toward the face seal area of the test


B6-C-16

subject, using the low flow pump or the squeeze bulb. The test operator shall begin at least 12 inches from the facepiece and move the smoke stream around the whole perimeter of the mask. The operator shall gradually make two more passes around the perimeter of the mask, moving to within six inches of the respirator. (4) If the person being tested has not had an involuntary response and/or detected the irritant smoke, proceed with the test exercises. (5) The exercises identified in paragraph I.14. of this appendix shall be performed by the test subject while the respirator seal is being continually challenged by the smoke, directed around the perimeter of the respirator at a distance of six inches. (6) If the person being fit tested reports detecting the irritant smoke at any time, the test is failed. The person being retested must repeat the entire sensitivity check and fit test procedure. (7) Each test subject passing the irritant smoke test without evidence of a response (involuntary cough, irritation) shall be given a second sensitivity screening check, with the smoke from the same smoke tube used during the fit test, once the respirator has been removed, to determine whether he/she still reacts to the smoke. Failure to evoke a response shall void the fit test. (8) If a response is produced during this second sensitivity check, then the fit test is passed.


CHAPTER B7

ELECTRICAL SAFETY B0701. DISCUSSION This chapter provides guidance to assist in the identification of electrical hazards, and to prevent mishaps that could cause injuries and extensive damage to shipboard equipment and may compromise the ship's mission capabilities. Reference B7-1, chapter 300 is the primary reference for detailed technical guidance on electrical hazards and the potential for electric shock. Work involving electric tools, equipment and systems is inherently dangerous. Always use the principles of operational risk management (ORM) when dealing with electricity. Details of ORM are found in reference B7-2. B0702. RESPONSIBILITIES a. The commanding officer shall authorize all work on energized equipment per reference B7-1.

b. The safety officer shall ensure electrical/electronic indoctrination training is provided for all newly reporting personnel per paragraph B0708. Coordinate with the electrical officer/electronics material officer to provide this training.

c. The electrical safety officer/electronic maintenance officer shall: (1) Establish an electrical tool issue room per paragraph B0707. (2) Ensure that applicable maintenance and repair are conducted per reference B7-3. (3) Ensure that the on board cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) instructor is certified per paragraph B0708.

(4) Ensure that all electrical tools/equipment received on board are authorized for shipboard use. Reference B7-1 contains guidance on determining suitability for shipboard use.


B7-2

(5) Complete training per paragraph B0708d. d. The supply officer shall ensure that all electrical tools/equipment received on board are turned over to the electrical safety office (electrical division for submarines) for a safety inspection prior to issue.

e. Division officers shall:

(1) Ensure that assigned personnel are trained per paragraph B0708.

(2) Ensure that all portable electrical equipment is visually inspected prior to use, and is electrically safety checked according to applicable planned maintenance system (PMS). Reference B7-1 (paragraph 300-2.7) contains detailed technical guidance on portable electric equipment.

(3) Ensure that all personal electrical/electronic equipment is authorized for shipboard use. Reference B7-1 contains guidance on determining suitability for shipboard use. The electrical safety checks for personal electrical/electronic equipment are not required. (4) Ensure that required personnel receive CPR training per paragraph B0708.

(5) Ensure that items open purchased or received from Navy supply are authorized for shipboard use and electrically safety checked prior to use. Reference B7-1 contains guidance on determining suitability for shipboard use. (6) Ensure that all personnel experiencing electrical shock report to medical.

f. All hands shall:

(1) Request permission from their division officer prior to bringing personal electrical/electronic equipment aboard. This requirement does not apply to battery-operated


B7-3

equipment incapable of being plugged into ships’ electrical service. (2) Report any condition, equipment or material that is believed to be unsafe. (3) Report any electrical shock to their division officer. (4) Not make any alterations or additions to the ship’s electrical system (e.g., adding an electrical receptacle in a berth to use a CD player). B0703. ELECTRICAL SAFETY ELEMENTS a. Working on de-energized equipment. (paragraph B0704)

b. Working on energized equipment. (paragraph B0705) c. Personal protective equipment(PPE). (paragraph B0706)

d. Portable electrical tool issue. (paragraph B0707)

e. General precautions for portable electrical equipment. (chapters C9 and D5)

f. Training. (paragraph B0708)

g. Safety standards implementation. (chapters C9 and D5 list the electrical safety standards)

B0704. WORKING ON DE-ENERGIZED EQUIPMENT

Completely de-energizing equipment will ensure safety from electrical hazards. Opening the power supply circuit breaker or switch and/or removing the fuses should de-energize electrical equipment. Some equipment has more than one source of power that requires opening multiple breakers or switches and/or removing multiple fuses. Tag-out the circuit breaker switches and fuses. Check the equipment with a voltmeter to ensure that it is completely de-energized before maintenance begins.


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a. For technical requirements concerning work on de-energized equipment, see reference B7-1, paragraph 300-2.4. b. For tag-out procedures, see reference B7-3.

B0705. WORKING ON ENERGIZED EQUIPMENT a. Approval Procedures. As stated in reference B7-1, paragraph 300-2.5.1, do not disassemble or maintain energized electrical equipment without approval of such action by the commanding officer, or in his/her absence, the command duty officer (CDO). Exceptions to this policy are those cases where approved instructions issued by higher authority (equipment technical manuals, planned maintenance system (PMS), or an established troubleshooting procedure) permit opening or inspecting equipment in the course of performing maintenance, routine testing, taking measurements, or making adjustments that require equipment to be energized. Commanding officer permission is not required when checking equipment or circuits to verify de-energization. b. Energized Circuit Working Procedures. Reference B7-1, paragraph 300-2.5.2 contains technical procedures for working on energized equipment.

c. Damaged or deranged equipment shall be considered energized.

B0706. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) a. Use only gloves marked with a colored label indicating the usage limitations. Reference B7-1, table 300-2-1 contains further information on stock numbers, maximum safe voltage usage, and label colors. b. Stow rubber insulating gloves in the box in which they came. Perform PMS on the gloves prior to stowage. Stow other rubber electrical safety protection equipment in a clean, dry, oil-free location. Take care not to fold the gloves, as folding will frequently result in cracks that will greatly reduce insulating capability of the material. Do not use electrical safety gloves for cleaning or chemical handling. For further information on glove damage causes, inspection, and maintenance refer to reference B7-1, paragraph 300-2.5.3.


B7-5

B0707. PORTABLE ELECTRICAL TOOL ISSUE (Not applicable to submarines) a. Surface ships shall establish a centralized portable electrical tool issue room for issue of portable electrical tools. Larger ships may have more than one tool issue room.

b. Personnel assigned to issue portable electric tools shall perform visual inspections and quarterly safety testing of equipment per reference B7-1 (paragraph 300-2.7.5) prior to issue to personnel. Reference B7-1 (paragraph 300-2.7) contains additional technical guidance on portable electric equipment. c. Prior to issue of portable electric tools, the personnel assigned to issue tools shall brief the tool users on general precautions for portable electrical equipment per B0708, as well as issue any required personal protective equipment. d. Certain divisions or work-centers (those that contain electrical/ electronic ratings) may retain selected electrical tools or equipment in their permanent custody. These divisions will perform safety checks on their equipment at the required frequency. These divisions shall not issue portable electrical tools to other divisions or work-centers.

e. Housekeeping items such as vacuum cleaners and floor buffers need not be retained in the electrical tool issue room.

f. Unsafe electrical tools should be clearly marked out-of-commission "OOC", be rendered incapable of being energized, and be kept in locked storage separate from the other tools. The only exceptions should be for those tools in which immediate repair is to be accomplished.

B0708. TRAINING a. All personnel, when reporting aboard, shall receive indoctrination on basic electrical safety, including the requirements regarding use of personal protective equipment. Reference B7-1 may be used as a source of training material. The training shall also include recognizing symptoms of electrical shock, electrical shock trauma, and emergency first aid responder techniques.


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b. Each ship shall have a certified American Red Cross/American Heart Association, or equivalent CPR instructor on board. At least 50% of all electrical/electronics associated ratings shall be certified in basic life support. c. Personnel who man the portable electrical tool issue room shall complete the "Electrical Tool Issue Room," Watchstation 302 in the Safety Programs Afloat Personal Qualifications Standard (PQS), NAVEDTRA 43460-4A.

d. The electrical safety officer shall complete Watchstation 304 of the safety programs afloat PQS within 16 weeks of assignment.

__________________________

CHAPTER B7

REFERENCES B7-1. Naval Ships' Technical Manual (NSTM) chapters 300, 302, 310, 313, 320, 330 and 400 B7-2. OPNAVINST 3500.39B B7-3. NAVSEA S0400-AD-URM-010/TUM Rev. 01, “Tag-out User’s Manual” (NOTAL)


CHAPTER B8

GAS FREE ENGINEERING

B0801. DISCUSSION a. No routine hazard, with the exception of ordnance, is as dangerous as the presence of potentially lethal atmospheres in ship's spaces. In many instances, potentially harmful gases or vapors are present in such a low concentration (parts per million (ppm)) that no adverse conditions are created. By design a ship has many confined spaces (especially tanks and voids) in which a multitude of both toxic and non-toxic gas or vapor creating substances and operations are used in the normal operation of the ship. Hazardous atmospheres may be created that can explode or cause asphyxiation. Compounding the problem is that many gases or vapors are not detected by the human ability of smell, and personnel attempting to save a fallen shipmate may themselves be overcome and killed by undetected vapors. It is for these reasons that every confined space shall be considered hazardous and entry into or work in or on such spaces is prohibited until the space has been gas free tested by qualified gas free engineering personnel. This is known as gas free engineering (GFE). b. Consult reference B8-1 for further details concerning specific procedures and related safety precautions during shipboard gas free evolutions. Reference B8-1 contains a program checklist which shall be used for annual program evaluation. c. For maintenance periods pier-side, references B8-2 and B8-3 contain additional procedures and related safety precautions for conducting gas free operations. B0802. PRECAUTIONS a. All hands shall: (1) Notify work-center supervisor prior to entering any unventilated, non-occupied space designated to store hazardous or toxic materials or any sealed space, verify that such a space was gas free tested and certified safe for entry and/or work by the appropriate gas free engineering personnel


B8-2

prior to entry, and comply with the requirements of the gas free engineering certificates posted outside the space. (2) Notify the work-center supervisor before any new space is used to store hazardous or toxic material or of any spill of hazardous or toxic material. (3) When working in any confined space, always work with an observer or an attendant monitoring the work from outside the space. Maintain communication with personnel outside the space. The type and frequency of communication shall be specified by the GFE based on the nature of the space, the operation, and the degree of hazard. b. Work-center supervisor shall notify chain of command and gas free engineer (GFE) to obtain approval: (1) Prior to entering any unventilated, non-occupied space designated to store hazardous or toxic materials or any sealed space and (2) Before any new space is used to store hazardous or toxic material or of any spill of hazardous or toxic material.

c. If a person is seen unconscious in any space, no one is to enter that space without appropriate respiratory protective equipment and a backup assistant. B0803. GAS FREE ENGINEERING SUBSECTIONS The following subsections apply to gas free engineering: a. Confined space entry procedures, including testing. (reference B8-1, paragraphs 074-19.4 through 19.15) b. Personal protective equipment. (reference B8-1, paragraphs 074-19.7 through 19.9) c. Ventilation requirements. (reference B8-1, section 074-21) d. Emergency and rescue procedures. (reference B8-1, section 074-25)


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e. Instrumentation, including calibration and maintenance. (reference B8-1, appendices K and L) f. Training of ship's force and gas free engineering personnel. (reference B8-1, paragraph 074-18.7 through 18.9)

CHAPTER B8

REFERENCES

B8-1. Naval Ships' Technical Manual, NAVSEA S9086-CH-STM-030/CH-074 V3, "Gas Free Engineering" B8-2. NAVSEA S6470-AA-SAF-010, Gas free Engineering Manual (NOTAL) B8-3. COMFLTFORCOMINST 4790.3, REV A, CH-4, Joint Fleet Maintenance Manual (JFMM), Volume 4, chapter 25


CHAPTER B9

RADIATION SAFETY B0901. DISCUSSION

a. This chapter outlines Navy safety and occupational health policies and procedures designed for levels of command which comprise the naval afloat establishment to minimize personnel exposure to radiation from sources other than nuclear power systems and nuclear weapons that have their own radiation protection and control programs. This chapter also excludes those individuals, who as patients must undergo diagnostic or therapeutic procedures involving use of ionizing radiation.

b. Per paragraph A0103b, the Director, Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program (CNO (NOON))is responsible for the control of radiation and radioactivity associated with naval nuclear propulsion plants. As such, the requirements of this chapter do not apply to the naval nuclear propulsion program. Issues concerning radiation and radioactivity associated with naval nuclear propulsion plants should be addressed via the chain of command.

c. Radiation is commonly divided into two categories: ionizing and non-ionizing. Ionizing radiation has sufficient energy to strip electrons from atoms in the media through which it passes. Less energetic radiation that is incapable of electron stripping is termed non-ionizing radiation.

d. Ionizing radiation can be in the form of energetic

particles (such as neutrons, betas, alphas, protons) or in the form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR). Ionizing radiation in the form of EMR, sometimes referred to as a photon, is conventionally referenced by its energy, with about 40 electron volts (eV) being the smallest amount of energy necessary to liberate an electron from an atom (i.e., ionize an atom). The production of ionizing radiation can occur in a variety of ways. For example, from the spontaneous decay of natural or man-made radioactive materials or from devices that directly produces EMR such as X-ray machines, or indirectly, such as from particle accelerators.


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e. Some devices containing radioactive material, such as radioactive calibration source materials, may require a naval radioactive material permit (NRMP) to possess and use them. NRMPs are issued to Navy and Marine Corps commands by the Naval Radiation Safety Committee (NRSC), per references B9-1, B9-2, and B9-3. The NRSC is chaired by the Director, Environmental Readiness Division, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (N45). Under the master materials license issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to the Naval Radiation Safety Committee, a NRMP is equivalent to a NRC license.

f. Non-ionizing radiation is energy that propagates

through space in the form of electromagnetic waves but possesses insufficient energy to ionize the material through which it passes. Non-ionizing radiation comprises the lower energy portion of the EMR spectrum as shown in figure B9-1.

Figure B9-1: A Summary of the Electromagnetic Spectrum and Relationships of Wavelength (λ), Frequency (ν), and Energy (E).


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Note: “C” is the speed of light in a vacuum equal to 3 x 108 meters per second. “h” is Planck’s constant equal to 3.34 x 10-34 Joule seconds.

g. As shown in Figure B9-1, non-ionizing radiation can be

further divided into two sub-categories: radio frequency radiation (RFR) and laser radiation.

h. RFR is conventionally referenced by its frequency and

includes frequencies from approximately 0 hertz (Hz) to 3000 gigahertz (GHz). Communication transmitters, radars, and radio frequency heat sealers emit RFR.

Note:

A Hz equals 1 cycle per second. i. Laser radiation is conventionally referenced by its

wavelength and includes wavelengths from approximately 104 nm (Infra-red) to 180 nm (Ultra-Violet). This includes the visible wavelengths between approximately 700 nm (red) to 400 nm (violet), with all the other colors in between these wavelengths (note the order - red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet - pneumonic “ROY G. BIV”).

Note:

nm is the abbreviation for nanometers. 1 nm equals 1 x (10)-9 meters.

j. For all EMR (ionizing and non-ionizing), wavelength (λ)

and frequency (ν) are related such that their product is equal to the speed of light in a vacuum (c), where c equals 3 x 108 meters per second.

k. For all EMR (ionizing and non-ionizing), the energy is

equal to product of Planck’s constant (h) and the frequency (ν), where h equals 3.34 x 10-34 Joule seconds.

l. Potentially hazardous sources of ionizing and non-

ionizing radiation exist aboard Navy ships. Examples of ionizing radiation sources include radioactive materials and x-

h E ν=

c =νλ


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ray generating equipment. Examples of non-ionizing radiation sources include communication transmitters, radar systems, radio frequency heat sealers, and lasers.

m. The mechanism for potential harmful biological effects

from personnel exposure to ionizing radiation involves the possibility of directly ionizing cellular DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or other cellular materials (such as cytoplasm) that result in the production of reactive oxidizing agents that can potentially affect cell function. There are four possible outcomes if this occurs; the cell can repair itself (majority of the time), the cell can be damaged and unable to reproduce, the cell can be damaged and reproduces corrupt daughter cells, or the cell dies. The occupational ionizing radiation control levels imposed by the Navy are typically 10 times lower than the Federal limits and keep worker exposures as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA). While any exposure, no matter how small, involves some risk, the risk is small compared with normal hazards of life. For further information and a perspective about the risks associated with occupational exposure to ionizing radiation see appendix M of reference B9-4.

n. The mechanism for potential harmful biological effects

for radio frequency (RF) non-ionizing radiation depends on the frequency and magnitude of exposure. Predominant mechanisms for potential harmful biological effects as a function of frequency are; (0 to 1 Hz) magnetohydrodynamic effects (forces on flowing blood and other body fluids potentially stressing circulatory systems), (1 Hz to 5 MHz) electrostimulation (potentially causing involuntary muscle contraction thereby potentially causing falls), (100 kHz to 300 GHz) tissue heating (with potential thermal damage; for deep tissues between 100 kHz and 3 GHz and surface heating (skin) between 3 GHz and 300 GHz). The Navy adopts radio frequency (RF) radiation controlled maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limits that are consistent with non-governmental consensus-based standards (reference B9-5 for 0 kHz to 3 kHz and reference B9-6 for 3 kHz to 300 GHz).

Note:

Reference B9-7 is under revision to reflect the current MPE limits listed in references B9-5 and B9-6.) The RF exposure limits for controlled environments represent scientifically derived values to limit absorption of RF


B9-5

energy in the body, and to restrict the magnitude of RF currents induced in the body. This means that the amount of energy absorbed is insufficient to produce or cause adverse effects on health, even under repeated or long-term exposure conditions. The Navy also establishes maximum levels to prevent hazards from electromagnetic radiation to fuels (HERF) and hazards from electromagnetic radiation to ordnance (HERO). o. The mechanism for potential harmful biological effects

for laser (non-ionizing radiation) is excessive energy deposition to parts of the eyes or to the skin leading to tissue damage. For laser exposures that are within the MPE limits, no adverse biological effects are expected to occur even under repeated or long-term exposure conditions. The Navy adopts laser MPE limits that are consistent with non-governmental consensus-based standards (see references B9-8 and B9-9). Laser incidents are rare due to rigorous Navy laser safety and training programs.

B0902. RESPONSIBILITIES

a. Ionizing Radiation:

(1) The Commanding Officer shall: (a) Appoint a radiation safety officer (RSO) for industrial uses of radiation, when required, and ensure that they are properly trained per reference B9-1.

(b) As applicable, ensure compliance with the

requirements of references B9-10, B9-11, B9-12, B9-13, B9-1, B9-2, and naval radioactive material permits (NRMPs) specifically issued to the command, and the applicable NRMPs (issued to another command) when possessing the devices noted in paragraph B0903a.(2).

(2) The Radiation Safety Officer shall:

(a) Establish, implement, and maintain an effective radiation safety program per reference B9-1and NRMPs specifically issued to the command.


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(b) Ensure that the appropriate communication processes are established to provide direct access to the highest levels of the chain of command to provide program status reports, notification of major evolutions, non-conformance issues, or any concern that may impact safety, readiness, or mission objectives.

b. Non-Ionizing Radiation (RF):


(a) Request a radiation hazard (RADHAZ) survey when:

1. Emitter systems have been added, relocated, or

upgraded as a result of scheduled ship alteration (SHIPALT) or alteration (ALT) installation since the last RADHAZ survey.

2. Watch stations or work areas are moved or

established in the proximity of emitter systems. 3. Gasoline storage or transfer stations are

relocated in the proximity of emitter systems. 4. Personnel are injured as a result of exposure to

RF radiation and the command requires assistance in re-evaluating the current RADHAZ survey.

5. The current RADHAZ survey was conducted prior to

1995.

(b) Submit a confirmation letter to COMNAVSEASYSCOM (Code SEA 05K2B), stating that the recommended control measures provided in the hazards of electromagnetic radiation to personnel (HERP) survey report have been implemented to obtain a NAVSEASYSCOM letter of certification, per reference B9-14.

(c) Ensure personnel are trained to be familiar with

potential RF exposure hazards and appropriate protective measures.

(2) Division Officers (responsible for work-centers and

areas with identified radiation hazards) shall: (a) Ensure RF radiation hazard areas are posted with


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the appropriate warning signs and deck markings in accordance with appendix B9-A.

(b) Ensure that awareness and hazard recognition

training is given for all personnel assigned to work or stand duty in RADHAZ areas to prevent exceeding MPE limits.

(c) Investigate, document, and report all suspected RF

incidents or mishaps involving suspected RF overexposures to personnel exposure in accordance with the governing references listed in paragraph B0903.

c. Non-Ionizing Radiation (Lasers):


(a) For the use of any class of military exempt lasers or the use of commercial class 3b or commercial class 4 lasers, establish a laser safety program per references B9-15 and B9-16 and designate a laser system safety officer (LSSO) to manage the program.

(b) Ensure the LSSO is properly trained and qualified per references B915 and B9-16.

(c) Ensure other personnel are trained to be familiar

with potential laser exposure hazards and appropriate protective measures.

(2) Division Officers (responsible for work-centers and

areas with identified radiation hazards) shall: (a) Ensure that the LSSO has posted laser hazard areas

with the appropriate warning signs in accordance with appendix B9-A.

(b) Investigate, document, and report all suspected

Laser incidents or mishaps involving suspected Laser overexposures to personnel exposure in accordance with the governing references listed in paragraph B0903.

(3) Laser System Safety Officer (LSSO) shall:

(a) Establish, implement, and maintain an effective


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laser safety program per reference B9-15 and B9-16. (b) Ensure that the appropriate communication

processes are established to provide direct access to the highest levels of the chain of command to provide program status reports, non-conformance issues, or any concern that may impact safety, readiness, or mission objectives.

(c) The LSSO is responsible for labeling lasers and

posting laser hazard areas. B0903. GUIDANCE a. Ionizing Radiation (1) Industrial Radiography. Sources of ionizing radiation are used onboard tenders, in shipyards, and at intermediate maintenance activities for non-destructive testing (NDT) of materials. A NRMP specifically issued to the command is required to possess and use radiographic devices containing radioactive material. X-ray machines are used on carriers, large amphibious assault ships, and at naval air stations for NDT procedures conducted on aircraft. Each command performing industrial radiography must have a formal radiation safety program instruction. The ship’s radiological safety officer (RSO) is responsible for all aspects of the program described in the governing instructions.

(2) Radioactive Material Under a NRMP Issued to Another Command

(a) Devices used to detect chemical warfare agents,

explosives, and radioactive material (RADIACs) may contain small amounts of radioactive material. These devices are regulated by NRMPs (issued to other commands) that allow ships to use and possess them under specific conditions including inventory requirements, leak testing, and other control procedures. Each command possessing one of these devices must have a copy of the applicable NRMP that describes in greater detail the conditions for possession. To get a copy of the applicable NRMP, contact NAVSEADET RASO.

(b) Depleted uranium is used as penetrators in some munitions. Ships are authorized to possess these munitions


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under a NRMP issued to NSWC Crane. Each command possessing depleted uranium munitions must comply with the procedures outlined in the NRMP. Contact NAVSEADET RASO to obtain a copy of the NRMP. (c) The laser target designator used on the FA-14 and FA-18 aircraft and the in-flight blade inflation system (IBIS) used on some helicopters contain radioactive material under NRMPs issued to Naval Air Systems Command. Squadrons possessing these devices must comply with the procedures outlined in the NRMP. Contact NAVSEADET RASO to obtain a copy of the NRMP.

(3) Other Radioactive Material

(a) Luminous markers, clocks, smoke detectors, compasses, depth gauges, and electron tubes may contain small quantities of radioactive material. The evaluation of such items shall consist of a simple inspection for physical damage. Reports of damaged devices should be made to NAVSEADET RASO. (b) Some aircraft and missile construction material contains magnesium-thorium alloys. Altering this material through cutting or grinding by ship crewmembers is prohibited. Only commands specifically authorized by a NRMP may alter these materials per reference B9-1. Thorium containing welding rods are exempt from radioactive material permitting.

Note:

The small quantities, low specific activity, and physical form of radioactive materials used aboard ships usually make them non-hazardous. However, breakage and spread of even small quantities of some radioactive materials can lead to internal contamination (by ingestion, inhalation or wound contamination) in excess of allowable limits. Therefore, report all incidents of suspected or actual contamination through the cognizant medical department representative (MDR) per reference B9-10 and notify NAVSEADET RASO of any such incidents.

(4) Medical Radiography. Medical x-ray units (fixed or mobile) ashore and on hospital ships are evaluated annually.


B9-10

All other fixed x-ray units afloat require 24-month evaluation. Deployed units may delay unit evaluation until returning to homeport if meeting the 24-month window would interfere with operational obligations. Dental fixed and portable x-ray units require 36-month evaluation. All radiation protection surveys shall be conducted by a qualified Navy medical radiological surveyor in accordance with the Navy Radiological Systems Performance Evaluation Manual (Reference B9-12). The medical officer shall request the survey from the nearest medical activity with a RHO or contact the Navy Environmental Health Center (NAVENVIRHLTHCEN), Radiation Health Team.

(5) Governing Instructions

(a) Industrial: NAVSEA S0420-AA-RAD-010 (reference B9-1)

(b) Medical/Dental:

1. NAVMED P-5055 (reference B9-10)

2. BUMEDINST 6470.22 (reference B9-11)

(6) Points of Contact

(a) Industrial: NAVSEADET Radiological Affairs Support Office (RASO), P.O. Drawer 260, Naval Weapons Station, Yorktown, VA 23691-0260; Commercial: (757) 887-4692 DSN: 953-4692 FAX: (757) 887-3235 (b) Medical/Dental: Radiation Health Team, Navy Environmental Health Center (NAVENVIRHLTHCEN), 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Suite 1100, Portsmouth, VA 23708-2103 DSN: 377-0766. Commercial: (757) 953-0766. Fax: (757) 953-0685. b. Non-Ionizing Radiation Radiofrequency (RF) and Microwaves (MW) (1) Radar, communication equipment (transmitters), and radiofrequency (RF) heat sealers

(a) These devices may emit hazardous levels of RF radiation. In addition to causing biological changes,


B9-11

RF/microwave radiation can induce electrical currents/voltages that may cause shocks and burns, premature activation of electro-explosive devices (EEDs) in ordnance, and arcs, which may ignite flammable materials. Information on the hazards of RF (electromagnetic) radiation to personnel, fuels, and ordnance is available in reference B9-17. Hazards of electromagnetic radiation to fuels (HERF) and for ordnance (HERO) can be found in volume II of reference B9-17. The hazards of electromagnetic radiation to personnel (HERP) can be found in Volume I of reference B9-17. However, volume I of reference B9-17 will be amended to reflect the current RF MPE limits listed in reference B9-5 for 0 kHz to 3 kHz and reference B9-6 for 3 kHz to 300 GHz. (Note: reference B9-7 is also under revision to reflect the current MPE limits listed in references B9-5 and B9-6). Refer to appendix B9-A for a discussion of controlled and uncontrolled MPE limits.

(b) Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command (COMNAVSEASYSCOM) is the lead agent for coordinating electro-magnetic safety programs for naval ships. Commander, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (COMSPAWARSYSCOM) is the lead agent for coordinating electromagnetic safety programs for shore facilities.

(c) Commands shall determine RF levels for all areas

in which personnel could receive exposures in excess of the exposure limits. Commands must use proper RF measurement techniques and application of the RF exposure limits to avoid imposing unnecessary restrictions on operations or establishing overly restrictive protective boundaries.

(d) A comprehensive RF hazard evaluation for major

platforms, such as warships or communication stations, where multiple RF emitters exist in close proximity to each other, requires considerable technical familiarity with electromagnetic fields. Such surveys may involve determination of boundary locations for protective fences or enclosures, or specifying operational conditions or restrictions necessary for protection of personnel, (see points of contacts (POCs) below for activities that perform these evaluations, which are primarily an engineering-type survey).

(e) Following a survey and implementation of the

recommended control measure provided in the HERP survey report


B9-12

of B9-14, submit a confirmation letter to COMNAVSEASYSCOM (Code SEA 05K2B) requesting a NAVSEASYSCOM letter of certification (POC information below).

(f) Activities shall provide RF safety training to

personnel who routinely work directly with RF equipment or whose work environments contain RF equipment that routinely emits RF levels in excess of the exposure limits for controlled environments. Activities shall conduct training before assignment to such work areas, and shall focus on awareness of the potential hazards of RF fields, established procedures and restrictions to control RF exposures, and personnel responsibility to limit their own exposures. Activities may incorporate RF safety training in periodic safety training programs to satisfy command-training objectives.

(g) The Navy does not authorize RF-shielded protective clothing for routine use as a means of protecting personnel. This does not preclude use of other protective equipment, such as electrically insulated gloves and shoes for protection against electrical shock or RF burn, or for insulation from the ground plane.

(h) Electric and magnetic fields exist around power

lines, electrical devices and appliances. The intensity of these fields decreases rapidly with distance. While questions have been raised about the possibility of health effects from exposure to electric and magnetic fields at levels that are commonly encountered in homes and most work places, findings issued by various scientific review panels have not confirmed that such fields pose a risk to health.

(i) Since the body is a conductor, time varying

magnetic fields, or body movement in a static magnetic field, induce electric fields and current flow inside the body. For commonly encountered fields near high voltage transmission lines, power distribution systems, office equipment, and household appliances, the magnitude of these induced currents will typically be below levels which are perceptible. Existing guidelines given in reference B9-5 have been established to limit induced current densities in body tissues. This rationale has been used to set a biological endpoint since no other definable risk criterion has been identified for establishing a health standard for electric and magnetic fields.


B9-13

(2) Governing Instructions

(a) MPE Limits - see references B9-5 (0 kHz to 3 kHz)

and B9-6 (3 kHz to 300 GHz).

(b) Training and reporting requirements - see reference B9-7.

(c) HERP, HERF, HERO operational guidance - see

reference B9-17. (d) Electromagnetic environmental effects - see

reference B9-18. (e) Medical management of non-ionizing casualties -

see reference B9-19. (f) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE) C95 Series of Standards, Guides, and Recommendations - see references B9-5, B9-6, B9-20 thru B9-23.

(3) Points of Contact

(a) For Technical Assistance and Reporting Authority. Naval Sea Systems Command (SEA 62), Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command Headquarters, Washington, D.C., 20362, commercial: 202-781-3140.

(b) For measurement surveys ad technical assistance for shipboard RF emitting systems. Systems Electromagnetic Effects Branch (Code J-52), Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division, 17320 Dahlgren Road, Dahlgren, VA 22448-5100, DSN 249-8594, commercial 540-653-3487, or 401-832-5552, fax 540-653-7494.

(c) For RF bio-effects and medical research issues, or assistance in evaluating personnel overexposure incidents. Naval Health Research Center-Detachment Directed Energy Bioeffects Laboratory, Brooks City Base, 8315 Navy Road, Brooks City Base TX 78235-5365, DSN 240-4699/6532, commercial 210-536-4699/6532, fax: 210-536-6439.


B9-14

(d) For RF health hazards, personnel exposures and exposure incidents from industrial and medical RF emitting sources. Navy Environmental Health Center (NEHC), 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Suite 1100, Portsmouth, VA 23708-2103 DSN: 377-0766. Commercial: (757) 953-0766. FAX: (757) 953-0685.

(e) For guidance on RF exposure limits and health issues. Non-Ionizing Radiation Health Branch, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (Code M342), 2300 E Street NW, Washington DC 20372-5300, DSN 762-3448/3444, commercial 202-762-3448/3444, fax 202-762-0931.

(f) For site certification and measurement surveys for shore-based RF emitting systems. Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center (SPAWARSYSCEN) Charleston (Attn: Code 323), P.O. Box 190022, North Charleston, SC 29419-9022, DSN 588-4228, or commercial 843-218-4228. For shore facilities within PACNAVFACENGCOM geographical region, contact Space and Naval Warfare Systems Activity Pacific (SPAWARSYSACT PAC) (Attn: Code 2915), 675 Lehua Avenue, Pearl City, HI 96782-3356, DSN 315-474-7330, commercial 808-474-7330, fax: 808-474-5511.

c. Non-Ionizing Radiation. Lasers (class IIIb, class IV, and Military Exempt Lasers Only).

(1) Laser range finders, laser guided munitions,

communications equipment, fiber optics, scoring systems, landing systems and training aids.

(a) The Navy has adopted a system for categorizing the

hazards of lasers, which provides a practical means for determining safety requirements appropriate for different types of lasers. These categories range from a class I laser that is safe to view under all conditions, to the class IV laser which can cause eye damage under most viewing conditions. Appendix B9-A provides information on laser classification, types of laser warning signs and labels.

(b) For most lasers used in medical, laboratory,

research and industrial applications, the use of the classification system precludes the necessity for performing any laser measurements or calculations. Reference B9-24 requires manufacturers to classify and label their laser systems. Laser measurements or laser safety calculations will usually be


B9-15

required only for lasers operating on outdoor ranges or in open areas when it is necessary to define a laser nominal hazard zone (NHZ).

(c) Lasers or laser systems designated for combat,

combat training or classified in the interest of national security may be exempted from compliance with some or all of the provisions of reference B9-24. To obtain military exemption status, the contractor must have written authorization from the military contracting activity, and the laser product must be certified to conform with requirements in reference B9-15, B9-25, and have been approved by the Navy Laser Safety Review Board (LSRB).

(d) Military laser systems are reviewed by the LSRB

during their development to ensure that adequate safety criteria have been incorporated. LSRB review is required at appropriate stages of development and prior to introduction of prototype or production units into the fleet for testing or initial use. An important function of the Navy laser safety program is a determination of the nominal ocular hazard distance (NOHD) or safe viewing range, for each operational laser system used in the Navy. LSRB review also applies to class IIIb and class IV commercial lasers and laser systems that are not intended solely for laboratory or medical use. Reference B9-15 contains general guidance for materials necessary and procedures followed by the LSRB review.

(e) Commands shall maintain a current inventory of all

military exempt lasers, class IIIb lasers, and class IV lasers for submission to the administrative lead agent (ALA) (BUMED Code M342) as requested. Commands wishing to dispose of lasers shall obtain approval from BUMED following guidance in references B9-15 and B9-25.

(f) Commands operating class IIIb or class IV

commercial or military exempt lasers shall establish a laser safety program and designate a laser system safety officer (LSSO) per reference B9-15. The laser safety program shall include an inventory of all commercial class IIIb, class IV and all classes of military exempt lasers that are assigned to the command lasers for submission to the administrative lead agent as requested.


B9-16

NOTE:

Some commercially available laser pointers are categorized as class IIIa lasers with output levels that are not considered safe for all viewing conditions. A formal laser safety program is not required for class IIIa laser pointers; however, the user needs to recognize that care must be exercised to control its accessibility (kept out of the hands of children or others who are unaware of the hazardous nature of lasers), and to avoid directing the pointer at those in the audience. Class II laser pointers do not pose a hazard during normal viewing, and their use is not restricted.

(g) Laser MPE limits are published in reference B9-8.

For laser exposures that are within the MPE limit, no adverse biological effects are expected to occur even under repeated or long-term exposure conditions. Only trained and technically qualified personnel shall apply these exposure limits in determining laser safe viewing conditions, since an improperly conducted laser hazard evaluation may pose serious risks to a person's eyes.

(h) Laser exposure limits are set to protect tissue

from damage and are not the equivalent of comfortable viewing levels. Operators of lasers need to be aware of secondary laser safety concerns. For example, intrabeam viewing of visible wavelength lasers, even at or below the permitted safe level, will still be perceived as an intense light source capable of producing disabling glare or visual after-images. These temporary visual effects can interfere with performing critical tasks such as operating vehicles or aircraft. Similarly, intrabeam viewing of lasers at or below the permitted exposure limits can still damage or “saturate” night vision viewing devices because of the high amplification of incident light levels provided by the devices. Wearing of laser protective eyewear can also lead to other safety concerns, such as the potential for blocking or filtering out the color of some warning or alarm indicator lights.

(i) Commands shall provide laser system safety officer

(LSSO) laser safety training through the completion of a course approved by ALA (BUMED-M342) and the Lead Navy Technical Laboratory at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division. There are four categories of LSSOs, administrative


B9-17

laser safety officer (ALSO), technical laser safety officer (TLSO), laser safety specialist (LSS), and range laser safety specialist (RLSS). Re-testing at the LSSO's highest certification level is required to maintain certification for all categories of LSSO every 4 years. If the LSSO fails the re-certification examination, the LSSO will have to be re-certified by attending the appropriate course. Commanding officers should determine which category of LSSO is appropriate for their command considering their mission, types of lasers being used, and size of the laser safety program. Laser safety-training requirements at medical treatment facilities for the medical LSSO and designated medical personnel are contained in reference B9-16.

(j) Laser range safety officers, laser maintenance

personnel and industrial laser supervisors shall complete a formal command laser safety training course as outlined in reference B9-15. Commands shall provide formal classroom training on the potential hazards associated with accidental exposure to laser radiation to all personnel in areas operating class IIIb (and class IIIa with danger logo) or class IV lasers. In particular, the vulnerability of the eyes to being damaged by lasers shall be emphasized. Commands shall conduct annual refresher training per reference B9-15. For employee training, the following laser safety training videotapes are available from the Norfolk Regional Electronic Media Center: Laser Hazards and Control, 804245DN, Hazards and Control of Military Lasers, 804246DN, and Laser Safety in Medical Treatment Facilities, 803198DN.

(k) Specific laser safety-training requirements at

medical treatment facilities for the medical LSSO and designated medical personnel are contained in reference B9-16.

(l) Broadband optical sources such as germicidal lamps,

phototherapy, sun lamps, backlights, arc lights, projector lamps, high intensity discharge lamps and infrared arrays are also used in many medical and industrial applications. These types of light sources may require controls to prevent possible acute effects such as skin burns, photokeratitis, cataracts or retinal burns. Exposure guidance can be found in the American Council of Government Industrial Hygienists - Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices (www.acgih.org/). Obtain assistance in the evaluation of broadband optical sources, where personnel

www.acgih.org/


B9-18

are considered to be at ocular risk, from an industrial hygienist or radiation health officer. (2) Governing Instructions

(a) Policy and guidance in the identification and control of laser radiation hazards - see reference B9-15. (b) Laser safety for medical facilities - see reference B9-16. (c) Military exempt lasers - see reference B9-25. (d) Laser safety on ranges and in other outdoor areas - see reference B9-26. (e) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) performance standards for light emitting products - see reference B9-27. (f) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z136 series of standards, guides, and recommendations - see references B9-8, B9-9, and B9-27 thru B9-31.

(g) Medical management of non-ionizing casualties - see reference B9-19.

(3) Points of Contact (a) For medical and industrial laser operations. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (BUMED) (Code M342), 2300 E Street NW, Washington, DC 20372-5300, DSN: 762-3448. Commercial: 202-762-3448. Fax: 202-762-0931.

(b) For all laser operations; other than medical,

military exemption of lasers, and certification surveys of laser firing ranges. (Funding for services shall be provided by the requesting command). Laser System Evaluation and Range Surveys: Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division, G-72, 17320 Dahlgren RD Dahlgren, VA 22448, DSN: 249-1060/1149/2442, Commercial 540-653-1060/1149/2442, Fax: 540-653-8824 http://www.navylasersafety.com/

http://www.navylasersafety.com/


B9-19

(c) Laser Range Surveys. Naval Surface Warfare Center Corona Division (Code SE-41), 2300 Fifth St, Norco, CA 92860 mailing address P.O. Box 5000 Corona, CA 92878-5000, DSN: 933-4090, Commercial: 909-273-4090 or Fax: 909-273-5089.

(d) For laser bio-effects and medical research issues,

or assistance in evaluating laser-induced injuries. Naval Health Research Center-Detachment Energy Bioeffects Laboratory, Brooks City Base 8315 Navy Road, Brooks AFB, TX 78235-5365, DSN: 240-4699/6552, Commercial: (210) 536-4699/6552, Fax:(210) 536-6439.

(e) For guidance on laser exposure limits and health

issues. Non-Ionizing Radiation Health Branch, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (Code M342), 2300 E Street NW, Washington DC 20372-5300, DSN: 762-3448/3444, Commercial: 202-762-3448/3444, Fax: 202-762-0931. B0904. RADIATION HAZARD AREAS a. Ionizing Radiation. Ionizing radiation hazard signs are required at access points to radioactive material storage areas and where the radiation levels could exceed the exposure limit for the general public. The type and wording of each sign is dependent upon the type of radiation area. Reference B9-11, provides specific guidance for posting ionizing radiation hazard areas. Medical X-ray units will be posted per reference B9-13 and B9-4.

b. Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR) Hazard Areas. RFR hazard warning signs are required at all access points to areas where the RFR levels may exceed the MPE. Obtain NAVSEA-approved warning signs and labels through the standard stock system (see appendix B9-A). When military operational considerations prevent the posting of such signs, a waiver must be obtained from cognizant safety and occupational health professionals depending upon the RFR source. Where the RFR levels may exceed 10 times the MPE limit, additional warning devices and controls such as flashing lights, audible signals, barriers, and interlocks may be required, depending on the potential risk for exposure. These areas will be noted in the ship’s RADHAZ and baseline industrial hygiene survey reports.

(1) Radar and Communications. The ship’s RADHAZ report provides detailed posting and deck marking information for radar


B9-20

and communications RFR hazard areas. These are also described in appendix B9-A.

(2) Heat Sealers and Other RFR Sources. The baseline industrial hygiene survey will provide posting requirements for other RFR hazard areas.

c. Lasers (Class IIIb, Class IV, and all Military Exempt Lasers). The LSSO is responsible for labeling lasers and posting laser hazard areas. See appendix B9-A. B0905. MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE The baseline industrial hygiene survey identifies those work-centers that require medical surveillance for exposure to radiation.

a. Ionizing Radiation. Medical surveillance of personnel exposed to ionizing radiation shall follow reference B9-13.

b. RF Radiation (1) Workers who have implanted medical devices such as pacemakers or defibrillators or use certain medical devices such as apnea monitors or electrically powered wheelchairs should be aware of the potential for interference from various emitters of RF energy. This condition is called radiofrequency interference (RFI) or electromagnetic interference (EMI). The consequences of these potential failures range from inconvenience to serious injuries and death. (2) It is impossible to state that there will be no observable effects for all devices. This is because electronic devices can be extremely sensitive to EMI and there are no regulatory standards by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) forcing manufacturers to harden their products against EMI. Therefore the Navy cannot make any guarantees that all medical or consumer electronic devices won’t experience EMI, even at RF levels well below the MPE limits for biological effects. (3) Therefore, it is each worker’s responsibility to discuss with their physician the EMI risks associated with each medical device that they may be using and determine if they are


B9-21

able to work within the RF environment of their command. It is also the worker’s responsibility to inform their chain of command of any medical devices they may be using and to discuss any safety concerns they may have with those devices. c. Lasers

(1) Enrollment in a laser radiation medical surveillance program is limited to those personnel who are clearly at risk from exposure to laser radiation. The nature of such risks is associated with accidental injuries resulting from excessive exposure to laser levels and not as a result of chronic exposures. The command LSSO determines which personnel should be enrolled in the surveillance program using the following guidance:

(a) Laser workers requiring medical surveillance are those individuals who routinely work with class IIIb or class IV lasers under conditions where there is a likely potential for accidental exposures to excessive levels. These workers require a pre-placement and termination laser eye examination per reference B9-15.

(b) The following personnel generally require medical

surveillance: (1) Research and development (R&D) and laboratory personnel who routinely work with unenclosed class III and class IV laser beams. (2) Maintenance personnel who routinely repair or align class III or class IV laser systems. (3) Operators (personnel behind the laser) and down-range personnel who routinely work with class III or class IV engineering laser transits, geodimeters and alignment laser devices. (4) Operators who routinely work with class IIIb and class IV industrial lasers where access to an unenclosed beam path is possible.

(c) Other laser workers or personnel where the

potential for accidental exposure is deemed very unlikely generally do not require medical surveillance. For example: (1) Personnel who work with class I or class II lasers, or with laser systems containing class III or class IV lasers when there is little or no potential for exposure to the open laser beam. (2) Visitors or other personnel involved infrequently in laser testing, demonstrations or training when the LSSO has ensured such personnel will be protected from exposure to levels of laser radiation greater than the MPE limit. (3) Supervisory,


B9-22

clerical and custodial personnel working in laser areas where laser safety procedures preclude their exposure to levels of laser radiation above the MPE limit. (4) Operators of fielded military laser systems when operations are conducted on established laser ranges, or as part of training operations where prescribed laser safety procedures are enforced. (5) Personnel involved in "force-on-force" laser training exercises where appropriate protection is established, either in the form of administrative controls or procedures, or where laser protective eyewear is provided.

B0906. RADIATION INCIDENTS a. Ionizing Radiation. In the event of a radiation incident involving ionizing radiation, notify NAVSEADET RASO for incidents associated with industrial operations and NAVENVIRHLTHCEN for medical and dental incidents. b. Radiofrequency Radiation

(1) Commands shall investigate and document all suspected RF incidents or mishaps involving personnel exposure to excessive RF levels, in accordance with reference B9-7 and B9-15 such as: (a) Personnel injury has been sustained or physical symptoms are experienced by the individual(s) that are believed to be associated with RF exposure. (b) Personnel exposure has been determined to have exceeded the appropriate MPE limit in terms of power density by a factor of five or more. (For exposure determinations, provisions for time averaging and spatial averaging can be used in conjunction with transmitter duty factors and antenna rotation or scanning rates to establish maximum likely exposure levels). (c) Inadvertent exposure occurred to members of the general public or to other non-involved personnel as a result of naval operations that have exceeded the appropriate MPE limit. (d) Exposure circumstances or the severity of the incident or mishap are such that inquires from news media are


B9-23

anticipated, or are deemed to be of interest to the chain of command.

(2) Investigation of incidents involving alleged or actual RFR exposures that are five times the MPE or greater shall include, as a minimum: (a) A listing of all involved personnel. (b) Measurements of RFR exposure levels. (c) Results of appropriate medical examinations. (d) A detailed description of the circumstances surrounding the incident.

(e) Recommendations for more detailed medical follow-up (if necessary). (f) Recommendations to prevent future recurrence of the incident.

(3) The command exercising operational control of the RF source has the primary lead for conducting the RF exposure investigation and for ensuring the appropriate report is filed.

(4) Commands shall refer personnel reporting physical

symptoms, or suspected of having been exposed to levels in excess of five times the MPE limit, for a medical evaluation or follow-up. Since medical evaluations following RF exposures have been infrequently required and physical signs of injury are usually not manifested, medical personnel should be advised to refer to reference B9-19, for information on RF biological effects.

(5) Commands shall make initial notification for the

occurrence of an RF incident by telephone, fax, message or e-mail to the appropriate technical assistance point listed in this chapter with copy to the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (Code M342). Discussions following this initial notification can determine whether a more extensive investigation will be necessary and whether a site visit should be scheduled to assist in making RF measurements or an exposure evaluation. Central to the command’s investigation will be a determination of the


B9-24

degree of RF exposure incurred since such incidents often involve emotional or health concerns which cannot be easily addressed when measurement data is not available. Performing RF measurement assessments are often beyond the technical capabilities of the local command or the nearby medical facility.

(6) If exposure incident results in a service member receiving medical treatment, loses workdays, or is placed on light or limited duty, a mishap report must be submitted in accordance with reference B9-32.

(7) In cases where it is necessary to reconstruct events

or reestablish equipment configuration for conducting an RF exposure assessment, the accuracy of the recreation is crucial to the validity of the subsequent RF measurements. The command’s investigating officer should apply particular attention to obtaining written statements from those involved giving detailed descriptions of the sequence of events, exposure times and equipment set-ups, as well as obtaining appropriate charts, diagrams or photographs indicating the locations of exposed personnel.

(8) The command shall submit a final report on the RF

incident to the Commander, Naval Safety Center and to the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (Code M342), with copies to appropriate headquarters and systems commands. The command will also include in the report to BUMED pertinent medical records and identification data for personnel who were exposed. BUMED is tasked with maintaining a permanent repository for RF exposure incidents. c. Laser Radiation (1) If eye damage from laser exposure is suspected or observed, and in all cases of exposure to levels in excess of five times the laser exposure limits of this chapter, the cognizant activity shall ensure the individual receives a medical examination by an ophthalmologist as soon as possible. While laser injuries associated with military operations have been rare, limited experience indicates that the extent of eye damage from an accidental laser exposure may not be readily or initially apparent to either the individual or to local medical personnel. Since early medical intervention may lessen the severity of the damage or subsequent retinal scarring from the


B9-25

laser injury, efforts should be made to have the individual promptly seen by an ophthalmologist or at the ophthalmology department of a hospital on a walk-in emergency basis.

(2) Commands shall investigate and document all suspected

laser incidents or mishaps involving personnel exposure to excessive laser energy. The command exercising operational control of the laser has the primary lead for conducting the laser exposure investigation and for ensuring the appropriate report is filed.

(3) Commands are required to report exposure incidents and

investigate exposure levels for the following situations: (1) Personnel injury has been sustained or physical symptoms are experienced by the individual(s), which are believed to be associated with laser exposure. (2) Inadvertent exposure occurred to members of the general public or to other non-involved personnel as a result of naval operations, which have exceeded the MPE limit. (3) Exposure circumstances or the severity of the incident or mishap are such that inquires from news media are anticipated, or are deemed to be of interest to the chain-of-command.

(4) Commands shall refer personnel reporting physical

symptoms or suspected of having been exposed to levels in excess of the MPE limit for a medical evaluation or follow-up.

(5) Commands shall make initial notification for the

occurrence of a laser incident by telephone, fax, message or e-mail to the appropriate technical assistance point listed in this appendix with copy to the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (Code M342). Discussions following this initial notification can determine whether a more extensive investigation will be necessary and whether a site visit should be scheduled to assist in making laser measurements or an exposure evaluation. Central to the command’s investigation will be a determination of the degree of laser exposure incurred since such incidents often involve emotional concerns or health worries, which cannot be easily addressed when measurement data is not available. Performing laser measurement assessments are often beyond the technical capabilities of the local command or the nearby medical facility.


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(6) In cases where it is necessary to reconstruct events or reestablish equipment configuration for conducting a laser exposure assessment, the accuracy of the recreation is crucial to the validity of the subsequent measurements. The command’s investigating officer should apply particular attention to obtaining written statements from those involved giving detailed descriptions of the sequence of events, exposure times and equipment set-ups, as well as obtaining appropriate charts, diagrams or photographs indicating the locations of exposed personnel.

(7) The command shall submit a final report on the

laser incident to the Commander, Naval Safety Center, and to the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (Code M342), with copies to appropriate headquarters and systems commands within 30 days of the incident.

(8) Investigation of incidents involving alleged or actual laser exposure shall include as a minimum the following: (a) List of personnel involved. (b) Estimation of exposure(s) as related to the applicable MPE. (c) Details of immediate and subsequent medical findings. (d) Narrative account/summary of exposure incident—to include wavelength, mode of operation(s) and energy/power output. (e) Details regarding safety procedures and equipment used.

(f) The command shall also include in the report to BUMED pertinent medical records, retinal photographs and identification data for personnel who were exposed.

(9) If exposure incident results in a service member receiving medical treatment, loses workdays, or is placed on light or limited duty, a mishap report must be submitted in accordance with reference B9-32.


B9-27

_______________

CHAPTER B9

REFERENCES

B9-1. NAVSEA S0420-AA-RAD-010, Radiological Affairs Support Program (RASP) Manual (NOTAL)

B9-2. OPNAVINST 6470.2A B9-3. OPNAVINST 6470.3

B9-4. NAVSEA 389-0288, Radiological Controls for Shipyards (NOTAL) B9-5. ANSI C95.6, IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields, 0 to 3 kHz (NOTAL) B9-6. ANSI C95.1, IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz (NOTAL) B9-7. DoD Instruction 6055.11, Protection of DoD Personnel from Exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation B9-8. ANSI Z136.1, The American National Standard for the Safe Use of Lasers (NOTAL) B9-9. ANSI Z136.3, The American National Standard for the Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care Facilities B9-10. NAVMED P-5055, Radiation Health Protection Manual B9-11. BUMEDINST 6470.22, Navy Radiological Systems Performance Evaluation Program B9-12. Navy Environmental Health Center Technical Manual NEHC -TM 6470.03-1, Navy Radiological Systems Performance Evaluation Manual


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B9-13. BUMEDINST 6470.10B, Initial Management of Irradiated or Radioactively Contaminated Personnel B9-14. DoD 6055.5-M, Occupational Health Surveillance Manual B9-15. OPNAVINST 5100.27A/MCO 5104.1B B9-16. BUMEDINST 6470.19A, Laser Safety for Medical Facilities B9-17. NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR 16-1-529/NAVELEX 0967-LP-624-6010, Electromagnetic Radiation Hazards (Hazards to Personnel, Fuel, and other Flammable Material) B9-18. MIL-STD-464A, Electromagnetic Environmental Effects Requirements for Systems B9-19. BUMEDINST 6470.23, Medical Management of Non-Ionizing Radiation Casualties B9-20. ANSI C95.2, IEEE Standard for Radio-Frequency Energy and Current Flow Symbols (NOTAL) B9-21. ANSI C95.3, IEEE Recommended Practice for Measurements and Computations of Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields with Respect to Human Exposure to such Fields, 100 kHz t 300 GHz (NOTAL) B9-22. ANSI C95.4, IEEE Recommended Practice for Determining Safe Distances from Radio Frequency Transmitting Antennas when Using Electric Blasting Caps (NOTAL) B9-23. ANSI C95.7, IEEE Recommended Practice for Radio Frequency Safety Programs (NOTAL) B9-24.21 CFR Part 1040, FDA Performance Standards for Light Emitting Products B9-25. SECNAVINST 5100.14C B9-26. MIL-HDBK-828A, Laser Safety on Ranges and in Other Outdoors Areas


B9-29

B9-27. ANSI Z136.7, The American National Standard for Laser Eye Protection and Protective Devices (NOTAL) B9-28. ANSI Z136.2, The American National Standard for the Safe Use of Optical Fiber Communication Systems Utilizing Laser Diode And LED Sources (NOTAL) B9-29. ANSI Z136.4, The American National Standard for Laser Safety Measurements and Instrumentation (NOTAL) B9-30. ANSI Z136.5, The American National Standard for the Safe Use of Lasers in Educational Institutions B9-31. ANSI Z136.6, The American National Standard for the Safe Use of Lasers Outdoors (NOTAL) B9-32. NAVSEA S9040-AA-GTP-010/SSCR, Shipboard Systems Certification Requirements for Surface Ship Industrial Periods (Non-Nuclear) (NOTAL)


Appendix B9-A

CHAPTER B9 RADIATION INSTRUCTIONS, STANDARDS, REGULATIONSM, MANUALS, AND HANDBOOKS

A. THOSE CONTAINING IONIZING RADIATION GUIDENCE: NAVMED P-5055, Radiation Health Protection Manual

This manual provides the radiation health requirements applicable to Navy and Marine Corps radiation protection programs. A radiation protection program may be defined as the sum of all methods, plans, and procedures used to protect the health and environment of personnel from exposure to sources of ionizing radiation. It includes the radiation health program and radiological controls program. These regulations are intended for observance during peacetime by all Navy and Marine Corps activities possessing or using sources of ionizing radiation which may affect the health of personnel. These standards do not apply to the exposure of an individual to ionizing radiation when used for the diagnosis or treatment of medical or dental conditions of that individual. Personnel not employed by the Department of the Navy shall comply in all respects with these regulations when engaged in a Navy sponsored program or operation. It is recognized that these regulations may not be applicable to procedures initiated after an attack in which nuclear weapons are used; however, the provisions of these regulations, insofar as they are feasible, shall remain in effect after such an attack.

BUMEDINST 6470.22, Navy Radiological Systems Performance Evaluation Program

This instruction provides guidance on the radiological safety management of all diagnostic imaging systems in Navy Medicine that use ionizing radiation. This instruction applies to all naval facilities and commands, ashore or afloat, and Navy Medical Department sponsored operations having medical and dental radiological systems. For implementation procedures this instruction references


B9-A-2

the Navy Environmental Health Center Technical Manual (NEHC) TM 6470.03-1, “Navy Radiological Systems Performance Evaluation Manual.”

Navy Environmental Health Center Technical Manual NEHC -TM 6470.03-1, Navy Radiological Systems Performance Evaluation Manual

This manual provides the surveyor with standard procedures for acceptance testing and periodic testing of medical diagnostic medical equipment that employs ionizing radiation for ships and shore stations. This manual establishes periodicity of surveys, parameters to be measured, training and qualification of surveyors, and reporting requirements. This manual does not address therapeutic medical equipment that employs ionizing radiation.

BUMEDINST 6470.10B, Initial Management of Irradiated or Radioactively Contaminated Personnel

To provide direction to the Medical Department, civilian medical personnel of the naval services, and Navy and Marine Corps commands for the initial exposure assessment, management, and treatment of individuals who are irradiated or externally or internally radioactively contaminated. This instruction applies to all naval facilities or commands and Navy-sponsored operations in which there exists a known potential for radioactive contamination or excessive ionizing radiation exposure and to all medical treatment facilities (MTFs), fixed and non-fixed. This instruction applies to the period from actual exposure, contamination, or injury to the time when the individual is either returned to full-duty or, if a seriously injured individual is on a course of recovery at an MTF with definitive care capability. Although applicable to personnel irradiation or contamination following a nuclear weapon detonation in a time of war, the procedures outlined in this instruction are intended for use in occupational or accidental exposure environments.


B9-A-3

NAVSEA 389-0288, Radiological Controls for Shipyards This manual presents the limits and protection measures applicable to ionizing radiation and radioactivity associated with constructing, servicing, and decommissioning U.S. naval nuclear propulsion plants; it does not cover control of radiation from nuclear weapons, medical uses, or other employment of radiation. The procedures and limits in this manual are applicable to shipyards, Fleet Maintenance Activities (FMAs), and naval reactors prototype sites.

NAVSEA TW120-AA-PRO-010, Nuclear Weapons Radiological Controls Program

This manual establishes the requirements for the Navy’s nuclear weapons radiological controls program. This program is concerned with radiation exposure received during stowage, maintenance or handling of nuclear weapons and is not involved with radiation exposure from weapon detonation, fallout, naval nuclear propulsion plants, industrial or medical sources. The requirements of this manual apply to each ship, station or facility that stows, maintains, or handles nuclear weapons.

NAVSEA S9213-33-MMA-000/(V), Radiological Controls for Ships This manual provides the radiological safety standards, procedures, and requirements for nuclear powered ships and in-hull propulsion plant operations and routine maintenance at naval reactor prototypes.

NAVSEA S0420-AA-RAD-010, Radiological Affairs Support Program (RASP) Manual

The RASP applies to all sources of ionizing radiation with the Navy and Marine Corps except nuclear propulsion, nuclear weapons, and medical-dental sources. Ships and shore stations shall comply with the standards and procedures of this manual and maintain effective radiation protection programs for any operation involving RASP ionizing radiation sources.


B9-A-4

DoD Instruction 6055.8, Occupational Radiation Protection Program DoD Instruction 6055.8 implements the United States Environmental Protection Agency "Radiation Protection Guidance to Federal Agencies for Occupational Exposure" of January 1987. Applies to the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), the military departments (including the Reserve components), the Joint Staff, the Unified and Specified Commands, the Defense Agencies, the DoD Field Activities, and the Army and Air Force Exchange Service (hereafter referred to collectively as "DoD Components"). Applies during peacetime to all DoD civilian and military personnel who are exposed to ionizing radiation worldwide, except personnel who, as patients, undergo diagnostic or therapeutic radiological procedures in medical or dental treatment facilities.

OPNAVINST 6470.2A, Occupational Radiation Protection Program

OPNAVINST 6470.2 formalizes the uniform occupational radiation protection program for the Department of the Navy, required by DoD Instruction 6055.8, to preserve and maintain the health of personnel while performing duties involving occupational exposure to sources of ionizing radiation.

OPNAVINST 6470.3, Navy Radiation Safety Committee

This instruction establishes the Navy radiation safety committee as a means for controlling the use of radioactive material within the Navy and Marine Corps. This instruction applies to all Navy and Marine Corps activities engaged in the use of Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulated byproduct material, special nuclear material, source material, and naturally occurring or accelerator-produced radioactive material. It does not apply to radioactive materials transferred from the Department of Energy (DOE) to the Department of Defense (DoD) in accordance with section 91B of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954. Nor does it apply to radioactive materials


B9-A-5

produced as a consequence of the construction, operation, servicing or maintenance of naval nuclear propulsion plants.

B: THOSE CONTAINING BOTH RF AND LASER RADIATION GUIDENCE UNDER ONE DOCUMENT:

OPNAVINST 5100.23G, Navy Safety and Occupational Health (SOH) Program Manual, chapter 22, Non-Ionizing Radiation, and appendix 22 A and B.

This chapter implements SOH procedures for non-ionizing (RF and Laser) radiation protection requirements, exposure standards and safety guidelines for all levels of command (OPNAVINST 5100.19D is the implementing document for forces afloat). Provisions of this chapter do not apply to exposures administered to patients undergoing medical diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

BUMEDINST 6470.23, Medical Management of Non-Ionizing Radiation Casualties

The purpose of this instruction is to issue MPE limits, medical surveillance requirements, and casualty management procedures for personnel exposed to non-ionizing (RF and Laser) electromagnetic radiation. It applies to all Departments of the Navy activities using sources of non-ionizing radiation that may affect the safety or health of personnel. Personnel not employed by the Department of the Navy must comply in all respects with this instruction when engaged in a Navy-sponsored program or operation, or when visiting Navy ships, aircraft, or stations. This instruction does not apply to the exposure of individuals to non-ionizing radiation when used for the diagnosis or treatment of medical or dental conditions of those individuals.


B9-A-6

C: THOSE CONTAINING ONLY LASER RADIATION GUIDANCE:

OPNAVINST 5100.27A/MCO 5104.1B, Navy Laser Hazards Control Program

The purpose of this instruction is to prescribe Navy and Marine Corps policy and guidance in the identification and control of laser radiation hazards. The scope and provisions of this directive are mandatory for all Navy and Marine Corps activities. They apply to the design, use, and disposal of all equipment and systems capable of producing laser radiation including laser fiber optics, with the exception of medical and industrial lasers.

BUMEDINST 6470.19A, Laser Safety for Medical Facilities

This instruction provides laser safety guidance for medical facilities. It applies to all medical treatment and laboratory activities using lasers or laser systems. This instruction does not apply to the use of lasers or laser systems for military, industrial, or non-medical research applications.

SECNAVINST 5100.14C, Military Exempt Lasers The purpose of this instruction is to implement DoD Instruction 6055.11, provide policy, and assign responsibilities per SECNAVINST 5100.10G for individual Navy laser products that are exempt from portions of the radiation safety performance standards of code of federal regulations, title 21. Actions required by this instruction apply to all Navy and Marine Corps activities that procure, fabricate, possess, use, store or dispose of laser products that are designed for combat, combat training or classified in the interest of national security. Laser products used in research, development, test or evaluation and which are components of systems intended for combat, combat training or classified are included. All other laser products must comply fully with code of federal regulations, title 21 and are not within the scope of this instruction.


B9-A-7

MIL-HDBK-828A, Laser Safety on Ranges and in Other Outdoors Areas

The purpose of this handbook is to provide uniform guidance in evaluations for the safe use of military lasers and laser systems on DoD military reservations or military-controlled areas worldwide. It is intended to supplement each military service’s established range procedures. It applies to all DoD ranges or operation test facilities where lasers are used and all DoD laser operations conducted on non- DoD controlled ranges or test facilities and all laser systems that have been evaluated by the health and safety specialists of each Service.

21 CFR Part 1040, FDA Performance Standards for Light Emitting Products

Classifies laser products and defines design features, labeling, and test requirements. Access on line at: http://www.navylasersafety.com/

ANSI Z136.1, The American National Standard for the Safe Use of Lasers

This is the fundamental commercial user standard that has been approved and adopted by the DON. This standard is meant for users, not manufacturers (commercial designers/manufacturers of lasers use FDA’s 21 code of federal regulations (CFR) chapter I, subpart J, Part 1040). The ANSI standard provides guidance by defining control measures for each of the four laser classifications. It is applicable to lasers with wavelengths from 180 nm to 1 mm, and provides information on laser hazard evaluation.

ANSI Z136.2, The American National Standard for the Safe Use of Optical Fiber Communication Systems Utilizing Laser Diode And LED Sources

ANSI Z136.3, The American National Standard for the Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care Facilities

ANSI Z136.4, The American National Standard for Laser Safety Measurements and Instrumentation

http://www.navylasersafety.com/


B9-A-8

ANSI Z136.5, The American National Standard for the Safe Use of Lasers in Educational Institutions ANSI Z136.6, The American National Standard for the Safe Use of Lasers Outdoors

ANSI Z136.7, The American National Standard for Laser Eye Protection and Protective Devices

D: THOSE CONTAINING ONLY RF RADIATION GUIDANCE: DoD Instruction 6055.11, Protection of DoD Personnel from Exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation

This instruction provides MPE limits to RF EMF. This instruction also covers training requirements and over exposure reporting procedures. This instruction applies to all DoD civilian and military personnel who may be exposed to RF EMF, except for patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic procedures in medical and dental treatment facilities. This instruction applies during peace time and to the maximum extent possible during wartime, to limit personnel exposure to RF EMF.

NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR 16-1-529/NAVELEX 0967-LP-624-6010, Electromagnetic Radiation Hazards (Hazards to Personnel, Fuel, and other Flammable Material)

The purpose of this volume is to prescribe operating procedures and precautions to prevent injury to personnel and ignition of volatile vapors from exposure to environmental electromagnetic radiation (EMR) to assist commanding officers in carrying out their responsibilities for EMR safety. The sources of this EMR include communications transmitters, radars, electronic countermeasures transmitters, and lasers. This manual also provides technical data and information concerning non-ionizing radio frequency (RF), hazards to personnel, fuel, and other flammable material, as well as laser hazards to personnel. The procedures and precautions prescribed herein apply in every instance within the naval establishment where a person or a flammable vapor mixture is exposed to RF fields of potentially hazardous intensity.


B9-A-9

Operational commanders may waive compliance with any provision when essential under emergency conditions. When noncompliance with restrictions contained herein is essential, emergency procedures are suggested and background information is provided in order to explain and minimize the risks involved.

MIL-STD-464A, Electromagnetic Environmental Effects Requirements for Systems

This standard established electromagnetic environmental effects (E3) interface requirement and verification criteria for airborne, sea, space, and ground systems, including associated ordnance. This standard contains two sections, the main body and an appendix. The main body of the standard specifies a baseline set of requirements. The appendix portion provides rationale, guidance, and lessons learned for each requirement to enable the procuring activity to tailor the baseline requirement for a particular application.

ANSI C95.1, IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz

ANSI C95.2, IEEE Standard for Radiofrequency Energy and Current Flow Symbols

ANSI C95.3, IEEE Recommended Practice for Measurements and Computations of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields with Respect to Human Exposure to such Fields, 100 kHz t 300 GHz

ANSI C95.4, IEEE Recommended Practice for Determining Safe Distances from Radiofrequency Transmitting Antennas when Using Electric Blasting Caps

ANSI C95.6, IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields, 0 to 3 kHz

ANSI C95.7, IEEE Recommended Practice for Radiofrequency Safety Programs


B9-A-10

E: OTHER RELATED DOCUMENTS: OPNAVINST 5102.1D/MCO P5102.1B, Navy and Marine Corps Mishap and Safety Investigation, Reporting, and Recordkeeping Manual

This instruction provides procedures for investigating and reporting material (property) damage, personnel injury/death, Navy civilian occupational injuries and illnesses, motor vehicle, explosive, and diving mishaps.

NAVSEA S9040-AA-GTP-010/SSCR, Shipboard Systems Certification Requirements for Surface Ship Industrial Periods (Non-Nuclear)

DoD 6055.5-M, Occupational Health Surveillance Manual


CHAPTER B10

LEAD CONTROL B1001. DISCUSSION a. The purpose of this chapter is to prevent lead intoxication and related injuries during the use, handling, removal and melting of materials containing lead. b. In this chapter, “lead” means metallic lead, all inorganic lead compounds, and organic lead soaps. Lead's low melting point, high molecular weight, high density and malleability make it useful structural material. When added to resins, grease, or rubber, lead compounds act as antioxidants. Common uses for lead and lead compounds include ballast, radiation shielding, paint filler and hardener, rubber and pipe joints, high voltage cable shielding, small arms ammunition, batteries and weights. While not an absolute indicator, red, forest green, chrome yellow and "school bus" yellow color paints typically contain lead compounds. Lead may also be found in polyurethane and water-based paints. c. Significant lead exposures can occur during: lead and babbitt melting and casting; ballast handling; spraying, sanding, grinding, burning, and abrasive blasting of lead-containing materials and lead-containing paint; brazing with torches; high voltage cable repair; abrasive blasting with smelting slag; lead-acid battery reclaiming; machining lead; disassembly of gasoline engine components (which have used leaded gasoline); and handling of contaminated personal clothing. d. Lead is a recognized health hazard. Lead may adversely affect the peripheral and central nervous systems, as well as the red blood cells, kidneys, reproductive and endocrine systems. e. In recognition of the serious health hazards associated with lead and the numerous sources of potential lead exposure, the Navy has established strict controls to limit both occupational and environmental exposures. Standards and controls discussed in this chapter shall be applicable to all Navy personnel.


B10-2

B1002. PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT AND ACTION LEVEL TRIGGERING REQUIREMENTS a. Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). The PEL for an eight-hour time-weighted average (TWA) exposure to airborne lead is 50 micrograms per cubic meter (ug/m3) of air. b. Action Level (AL). The AL for an eight-hour TWA exposure to airborne lead is 30 ug/m3 (without regard to respirator use). c. Biological monitoring and medical surveillance shall be initiated when an employee’s exposure exceeds the AL for more than 30 days per year.

d. Engineering and administrative controls shall be initiated when an individual's exposure exceeds the PEL for more than 30 days per year. When a person's exposure is greater than the AL, but less than the PEL, engineering controls shall be initiated to reduce the workplace environmental level to a maximum of 200 ug/m3. Thereafter, any combination of engineering and administrative controls may be used to maintain exposure at or below the PEL. B1003. LEAD CONTROL RESPONSIBILITIES a. Commanding officers shall not authorize paint removal for cosmetic reasons or due to excessive paint thickness. They may only authorize paint removal to protect the ship from corrosion, when incidental to hot work, and when bare metal is required for an inspection. b. The safety officer shall: (1) When applicable, as determined by the baseline industrial hygiene survey, establish effective shipboard lead control practices that include as a minimum those elements in paragraph B1004. (2) Verify that the ship has the proper clothing and equipment aboard to protect personnel during shipboard lead work. (3) Notify the commanding officer when sufficient funds are unavailable to obtain mandatory protective clothing


B10-3

and equipment to protect ship's force personnel during shipboard lead work. (4) If specified in the baseline industrial hygiene survey, ensure a written compliance plan to comply with lead control requirements is available. The supporting industrial hygiene officer/industrial hygienist shall prepare this plan. (5) Implement lead hazard training for all personnel identified in the baseline industrial hygiene survey as potentially exposed to lead at or above the AL. (6) Request industrial hygiene assistance for the evaluation of new potential lead hazards. c. Division officers shall: (1) Ensure that personnel required to perform work involving lead exposure are provided with proper clothing and equipment and trained in its use. (2) Ensure that personnel who work with lead or who work in areas where the potential exists for lead exposure at or above the AL are properly trained. (3) Identify to the medical department representative (MDR), personnel who work with lead or who work in areas where the potential exists for lead exposure at or above the AL. d. The Medical department representative (MDR) shall: (1) Assist the safety officer with conducting lead hazard training upon request. (2) Schedule personnel for blood lead analysis and physical examinations at shore medical activities as required for medical surveillance. e. All hands shall: (1) Obtain and properly use protective equipment and use safe work practices as trained when working with lead.


B10-4

(2) Report for medical surveillance tests and examinations, when scheduled. B1004. LEAD CONTROL ELEMENTS The following elements, as a minimum, are necessary to carry out effective lead control: a. Industrial hygiene survey (paragraph B1005); b. Control of lead in the workplace environment (paragraph B1006); c. Waste disposal procedures (paragraph B1007); d. Medical surveillance (paragraph B1008);

e. Written compliance plan (paragraph B1009);

f. Worker and supervisor training (paragraph B1010). B1005. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE SURVEY

a. An industrial hygienist shall evaluate all workplaces in which lead is used. This evaluation shall be accomplished during the baseline and periodic industrial hygiene surveys specified per chapter A3. Where a potential for exposure from inhalation of airborne lead particulate or personnel contamination is found, the industrial hygienist shall establish an exposure monitoring plan to characterize personnel exposures. When personnel lead exposures warrant, the industrial hygiene survey shall identify the need for the command to have a written lead hazard compliance plan and provide the specific content for the plan. b. Within five working days after the receipt of exposure monitoring results, the command shall notify affected personnel in writing of results that represent their exposure. Whenever the results indicate that the individual was exposed above the PEL, without regard to respirator use, the written statement shall include that fact and a description of the corrective action(s) taken to reduce the individual’s exposure.


B10-5

c. If the safety officer or any supervisor has a question regarding the potential lead hazards and appropriate controls involving an operation which includes or potentially includes lead, the safety officer shall request industrial hygiene officer assistance from a tender, staff or local medical treatment facility or Navy Environmental and Preventive Medicine Unit (NAVENPVNTMEDU). B1006. CONTROL OF LEAD IN THE WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENT There are seven basic principles to be used when working with lead or materials that contain lead: a. General Workplace Control Practices (1) Use non-lead paint. (2) Keep mechanical grinding and sanding to the absolute minimum with primary reliance on impact tools and authorized chemical strippers for paint removal. Mechanical tools equipped with high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtered exhaust for removal and reclamation of lead dust are preferred.

(3) When feasible, minimize the heating of lead and leaded materials by using thermostatically-controlled heating (below 600 degrees Fahrenheit) or removing the lead-containing surface coatings or contaminants prior to heating.

(4) Establish procedures to maintain work surfaces as free of lead dust as is practical. Clean up lead dust with a HEPA filtered vacuum cleaner. Wet sweeping, wet brushing and wiping down with wet rags may be effective in removing lead dust. Rags used for wiping down shall be disposed of as lead waste.

(5) Lead-containing waste, scrap, debris, containers, equipment and clothing consigned for disposal shall be collected, sealed, and labeled in impermeable containers. Transportation shall be conducted in a manner that does not release airborne dust or pollute surrounding waterways. Dispose of lead waste per the procedures of chapter B3.


B10-6

(6) To minimize exposure potential, isolate hot work on lead and abrasive lead removal operations from other operations. b. Ventilation (1) If deemed necessary by the cognizant industrial hygienist, provide fixed local exhaust ventilation connected to high efficiency particulate air filters at the point of particulate generation. (2) Do not exhaust emissions to another workspace. c. Personal Protective Clothing and Related Control Facilities (1) Personnel engaged in the handling of lead or in situations where the concentration of airborne particulate lead is likely to exceed the PEL, or where the possibility of skin or eye irritation exists shall remove uniform clothing and wear protective clothing. Consult the command’s industrial hygiene officer, industrial hygiene survey, or contact the local BUMED industrial hygienist for specific clothing requirements. Clothing shall be waterproof when wet lead is handled. (2) Personnel shall remove protective clothing before leaving the work area. (3) Provide change rooms as close as practical to the lead work area(s) for personnel who work where the airborne lead exposure is above the PEL (without regard to the use of respirators). When possible, locate shower facilities between the "clean" and "dirty" change rooms. Consult the command’s industrial hygiene officer, industrial hygiene survey, or contact the local BUMED industrial hygienist for specific decontamination facility requirements. (4) Launder lead-contaminated clothing to prevent release of lead dust in excess of the AL. Transport lead-contaminated clothing in a sealed container with the standard "caution label" affixed (see paragraph B1006(e)). Notify persons who clean or launder protective clothing or equipment in writing of the potentially harmful effects of exposure to lead


B10-7

and monitor these persons for exposure to lead as required by paragraph B1005.

d. Respiratory Protection (1) Respirators are required where the concentration of airborne, particulate lead is likely to exceed the PEL. (2) Consult the command’s respiratory protection program manager (RPPM), industrial hygiene survey, or contact the local BUMED industrial hygienist for specific respirator requirements. e. Warning Signs and Caution Labels (1) Warning signs shall be provided and displayed at each location where airborne lead concentrations may exceed the PEL. Signs shall state, as a minimum, the following:

WARNING LEAD WORK AREA

POISON NO SMOKING, EATING OR DRINKING

(2) Caution labels shall be affixed to containers of lead-contaminated clothing and equipment, raw materials, waste, debris, or other products containing lead. These caution labels shall state:

CAUTION

CLOTHING CONTAMINATED WITH LEAD DO NOT REMOVE DUST BY BLOWING OR SHAKING

DISPOSE OF LEAD CONTAMINATED WASH WATER ACCORDING TO APPLICABLE LOCAL, STATE OR FEDERAL REGULATIONS

f. Housekeeping (1) Where lead containing materials are routinely melted, ground or cut, maintain all surfaces as free as practical of lead accumulation. Clean surfaces at least once per shift to prevent accumulation of lead dust.


B10-8

(2) All cleaning shall use methods such as vacuuming with HEPA filtered vacuum cleaners or washing down where feasible, observing water pollution regulations as they pertain to lead-contaminated wastewater. Only use wet sweeping, shoveling or brushing shall when other methods have been tried and found to be ineffective or infeasible. (3) Do not use compressed air to clean work surfaces. (4) When wash down procedures are used to clean surfaces or wetting is used to control dust, treat floor surfaces with a non-skid agent and drain the floor so that excess water is collected in a holding tank for disposal per chapter B3. g. Personal Hygiene (1) Prohibit eating, drinking, smoking, chewing of tobacco products or gum, the application of makeup, and storage of food and tobacco products in lead work areas. (2) Personnel working with lead shall wash their hands and faces prior to eating, drinking, smoking or applying cosmetics. B1007. WASTE DISPOSAL PROCEDURES a. Lead-containing waste materials are classified as hazardous material and must be handled per chapter B3. Bag hazardous lead waste in heavy-duty plastic bags or other impermeable containers. Label bags with caution labels described in paragraph B1006e(2). b. Label containers such as bags and trash cans "LEAD WASTE ONLY." Care must be exercised in order to prevent bags and other containers from rupturing when being moved. B1008. MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE a. Medical surveillance consists of: pre-placement medical evaluation, blood lead monitoring, and follow-up medical evaluation based on the results of blood lead analysis, worker complaint, and physician opinion. The lead medical surveillance examination and forms can be found in the medical matrix of


B10-9

reference B10-1 as examination #161. Personnel are included in this program when industrial hygiene surveillance indicates that they perform work or are likely to be in the vicinity of an operation which generates airborne lead concentrations at or above the AL more than 30 days per year. Inclusion in this program is based on measured airborne concentrations without regard to respirator use, and therefore does not indicate that an individual is overexposed to lead. b. Within five days of receipt of blood lead monitoring results, the command shall notify affected personnel in writing of his/her blood lead if their blood lead level is at or above 30 ug/100gm. Notification should include the criteria for removal from lead work and, if appropriate, notification that the person is being temporarily removed from lead exposure per reference B10-2. If an individual is pregnant, she should be counseled on the possible adverse affects to the pregnancy or fetus. A decision regarding any action to be taken will be made by the physician on a case-by-case basis. c. All records of examinations, possible lead-related conditions, related laboratory results and all forms and correspondence related to the person’s medical history shall become a permanent part of the health record and be retained for the period of naval service plus 20 years, or 40 years after the date of the last entry, whichever is longer. B1009. WRITTEN COMPLIANCE PLAN The supporting industrial hygiene officer or industrial hygienist shall prepare a written compliance plan for processes that produce exposures in excess of the PEL as specified in reference B10-2. The ship only needs a lead compliance plan if lead processes are identified during the baseline industrial hygiene survey. These plans shall include the following items, at a minimum: a. A description of each operation in which lead is emitted; (e.g., machinery used, material processed, controls in place, crew size, employee job responsibilities, operating procedures and maintenance practices); b. A description of the specific means that will be employed to achieve compliance, including engineering plans and


B10-10

studies used to determine methods selected for controlling exposure to lead; c. A report of the technology considered in meeting the permissible exposure limit; d. Air monitoring data that documents the source of lead emission; e. A detailed schedule for implementation of the program, including documentation such as copies of purchase orders for equipment, construction contracts, etc.; f. A work practice program which includes items required under paragraphs (g), (h) and (i) of reference B10-2; g. An administrative control schedule required by paragraph (e)(6) of reference B10-2, if applicable; and h. Other relevant information. The supporting industrial hygiene officer/industrial hygienist shall review written plans and update as necessary at least every six months to reflect the current status. B1010. TRAINING a. All personnel who are potentially exposed to lead at or above the AL, and their supervisors shall receive initial training prior to such assignment and at least annually thereafter. This training shall, at a minimum, include the following: (1) The specific nature of operations during which exposure is possible; (2) The purpose, proper selection, fit testing, use and limitations of respirators; (3) The adverse health effects of lead with particular attention to the reproductive effects upon both males and females, including the possible adverse effects on pregnancy and the fetus;


B10-11

(4) The purpose and description of the medical surveillance program, including the use of chelating agents; (5) The engineering controls and work practices to be applied and used in the work, including personal protective equipment and personal hygiene measures; (6) The contents of any compliance plan in effect; and

(7) The command shall procure sufficient copies of reference B10-1 from the Department of Labor and make them available to personnel required to receive training. They should be provided with appendix B (employee standard summary) of reference B10-2 and, upon request, any other handout-type materials used in or related to the training. b. All painted surfaces that cannot be identified as lead-free through laboratory analysis must be handled as containing lead. Division officers shall train personnel assigned to remove paint per the safety precaution for paint removal in chapters C18 and D12.

CHAPTER B10

REFERENCES

B10-1. NEHC TM OM-6260, Medical Surveillance Procedures Manual and Medical Matrix B10-2. 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 1910.1025, Lead


CHAPTER B11

TAG-OUT B1101. DISCUSSION a. A tag-out procedure is necessary because of the complexity of modern ships and the cost, delays, and hazards to personnel which could result from improper operation of equipment or the inadvertent release of stored energy. In order to prevent injury to personnel and damage to equipment, the tag-out program is mandatory for all-shipboard equipment, components, and systems. The program is designed to notify personnel that tagged out equipment or systems are not in a normal operating condition. The tag-out procedure consists of a series of tags or adhesive labels that are applied to instruments, gauges, or meters to indicate that they are inoperative, restricted use, or out of calibration. Each tag contains information necessary to avoid a possible mishap. Standard tag-out procedures are to be used for shipboard work performed by any activity. Tag-out procedures shall be enforced at all times. The use of tags or labels is not a substitute for other safety measures such as chaining or locking valves, removing fuses, or racking out circuit breakers. If any system, portion of a system, component, equipment, or instrument has more than one type of tag or sticker, the DANGER (RED) tag, when present, shall take precedence over all other tags or stickers. b. Reference B11-1 is the primary technical reference for all tag-out procedures conducted by ship’s crew. c. A tag-out program checklist is provided in appendix B11-A

CHAPTER B11

REFERENCES

B11-1. NAVSEA S0400-AD-URM-010/TUM, Tag-Out User’s Manual (NOTAL)


Appendix B11-A TAG-OUT PROGRAM CHECKLIST Indicate by an X, the answer to each of the questions below. If a question is not applicable to the command, indicate by NA in the YES block. Explain or describe the condition warranting any NO answer on the space provided at the end of the checklist or on additional sheets, if necessary. The location of the reference for any question is provided at the end of the question.

YES NO

PROGRAM RESPONSIBILITIES 1. Do department heads ensure that personnel

assigned to their respective areas understand and comply with reference (B11-1, 1.3.1.a)?

2. Do supervisory watchstanders review associated tag-out logs during watch relief and shift turnover? (B11-1, 1.3.1.c)

3. Is the authorizing officer responsible for the administration of their cognizant tag-out log?

(B11-1, 1.3.2.a)

4. Is the authorizing officer for the engineering tag-out log the watch/duty officer for the propulsion plant?

(B11-1, 1.3.2.c)

TAG-OUT ESTABLISHMENT 5. Has the type commander specified the number

of logs to be maintained by ship class and where the log shall be maintained? (B-11,1.5.1.a)


B11-A-2

6. Are sufficient tags used to completely isolate equipment or prevent operation of equipment from all stations that could exercise control? (B-11-1,1.5.2.b(1))

7. Before authorization does the authorizing officer check the tag coverage for adequacy, and check the tags and TORS for completeness and accuracy? (B-11-1, 1.6.3.c)

8. Are tag-outs carefully planned in an effort to minimize unnecessary record sheets and tags to maintain better control of the tag-out process? (B11-1, 1.5.2.b(3))

9. Does a second qualified person independently determine the adequacy and accuracy of the TORS and tags? (B-11-1, 1.6.2)

10. Does a second person independently ensure that the correct component is tagged, and check (verify) proper component positioning and tag attachment? (B11-1, 1.6.5)

11. Is the authorizing officer final authority for the final authority for commencement of work? (B11-1, 1.6.6.b)

12. Does the log contain the following sections: B-11,1.5.1.c)? a. A copy of the equipment tag-out bill and

amplifying instructions?

b. DANGER/CAUTION Tag-out index and record of audits?

c. Effective DANGER/CAUTION Tag-out record sheets?

d. Instrument log?

e. Cleared DANGER/CAUTION tag-out record sheets?

13. Are danger and caution tags removed immediately when the situation requiring the tag-out has been corrected and the clearing of tags has been authorized? (B-11-1, 1.8.1)


B11-A-3

14. Does the authorizing officer specify in block 19 of the TORS the desired position or condition of the tagged item after the tag has been removed? (B11-1, 1.8.3)

TAG-OUT AUDIT 15. Does the department head ensure that audits

are performed every two weeks, and for ships in overhaul, conversion, or restricted availability, conduct audits of the propulsion plant tag-out log(s) weekly? (B11-1, 1.7.4.a(1))

16. Does ships force check all outstanding tags on each TORS for correct posting by visually comparing the information on the tag, on the TORS, and on the component for the tag audit? (B11-1, 1.7.4.b(1))

17. Are the results for the tag audits recorded on the back of the TORS under the last tag listed or on an audit record sheet? (record the date completed, the discrepancies noted, and the signature of the person doing the audit) (B11-1, 1.7.4.b(3))

18. Are all outstanding TORS audited against the tag-out index sheet? (B11-1, 1.7.4.c.(1))

19. Are the results of the TORS audit entered on the index sheet, or an audit record sheet? (record the date completed, the discrepancies noted, and the signature of the person conducting the audit (B11-1, 1.7.4.c(2))

20. Does the authorizing officer report the results of the audit to the applicable department head? (B-11-1, 1.7.4.a(2))

21. Do special instructions on the back of the CAUTION tags checked state specific conditions under which the tagged object may be operated? (B11-1, 1.5.2.d)


B11-A-4

22. Do out of calibration labels checked indicate a correction factor to be applied to the instrument? (B11-1,1.10.1.a.(1))

TRAINING

23. Do all newly reported personnel receive indoctrination training on the tag-out program? (B11-1, 1.4.a)

24. Do personnel assigned to prepare tag-outs, review tag-outs, position equipment, post (attach) tags, check posted tags, clear (remove) tags, or perform tag audits, qualified on the tag-out users manual? (B11-1,1.4)

25. Is the authorizing officer responsible for ensuring that ship’s force personnel assigned to make a tag-out are qualified to perform the duties under this manual? (B-11-1,1.4)

26. Are Tag-out users manual training topics included in the ship’s continuing training program? (B-11,1.4.b)

27. Does ship's force qualify in the tag-out users manual prior to the completion of 3M 301 personnel qualification standard, and if required, completion of departmental qualifications? (B-11,1.4.d)


CHAPTER B12

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT B1201. DISCUSSION This chapter provides procedures for provision and use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Chapters B1, B3, B4, B5, B6, B8, B9 and B10 contain more detailed instructions for use and maintenance of certain specialized equipment. See reference B12-1 for additional information on PPE. Appendix B12-A contains stock number information for ordering PPE. Check naval supply system for most current stock and ordering information. PPE establishes a "last line of defense" against exposure to workplace hazards, and in some cases, may be the only means of protection. Any personal protective equipment breakdown, failure, or misuse immediately exposes the wearer to the hazard. For this reason, proper equipment selection and maintenance, personnel training (including equipment limitations), and enforcement of protective equipment maintenance, configuration, and use are key elements to an effective personal protective effort.

NOTE:

Preparation for any availability should include careful assessment of PPE needs over the entire period to ensure an adequate supply.

B1202. RESPONSIBILITIES a. The commanding officer shall ensure that there is sufficient PPE aboard to meet the needs of his/her command. He/she shall ensure that adequate funding is provided to obtain or replace missing or worn out personal protective equipment. b. The safety officer shall ensure that the use of PPE is monitored for required work or in required spaces, as well as being worn in a proper and effective manner. PPE selection should be based on the workplace evaluation and recommendations contained in the applicable sections of the baseline or periodic industrial hygiene survey, naval ship’s technical manual (NSTM),


B12-2

hazardous materials user’s guide (HMUG) and maintenance requirement card (MRC). Appendix B12-B contains a checklist that can be used for program assessment and evaluation. c. Division officers shall budget for, procure, and stock personal protective clothing and equipment and provide it to personnel as needed. Division officers shall ensure that the supply officer is aware of required changes to the allowance of PPE so that coordinated shipboard/shore-based allowance list (COSAL), allowance parts list (APL) or authorized equipment list (AEL) can be changed accordingly. Once equipment is acquired, division officers shall ensure that it is properly maintained. Additionally, division officers shall ensure that assigned personnel are adequately trained on the type and proper use of PPE required at their work stations and shall enforce the proper use and wearing of protective equipment. d. All hands shall ensure that they wear or use the required PPE to perform assigned work in a proper manner. If the required equipment is not available to do the assigned work, or if instruction is needed on how to wear or use the equipment, the affected person shall notify his/her supervisor immediately. MDR shall assist in obtaining and providing medically fitted PPE. B1203. PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT a. Head Protection. Helmets or hard hats protect crew members from the impact of falling and flying objects, from impact with low overheads, and on a limited basis, from electric shock and burn.

(1) Metal hard hats are not authorized for shipboard use. (2) Stow helmets or hard hats in a manner so that cracks

will not develop in hat material. Do not stow heavy materials atop composite material hard hats.

(3) Do not wear hard hats if cracked, if the hat material

has a hole other than one caused by the manufacturer, if missing the suspension harness, or if painted. Such hard hats will be turned in and replaced.

(4) Do not drill any holes in hard hats or modify them in

any way. Such action will greatly reduce the protective


B12-3

capability of the headwear. Affixing decals on protective headwear is permitted.

(5) Protective headwear for cold weather (watch caps,

stocking caps, ball caps, etc.) may be worn with the hard hat if it does not interfere with correct fit. b. Foot Protection. Shipboard environments such as flight decks, hangar decks, machine shops, pipe shops, heavy supply parts stowage areas, replenishment areas, and rigging sponsons expose personnel in some degree to foot hazards.

(1) Leather shoes are required for all personnel aboard ship for normal daily wear. CORFAM® (or equivalent) shoes made of synthetic material may only be worn when immediately departing or returning to the ship or when specifically authorized by the commanding officer for ceremonial or other special occasions. Do not wear CORFAM® (or equivalent), plastic, synthetic or vinyl shoes in fire rooms, main machinery spaces or in hot work areas. (2) Standard stock safety shoes, with built-in steel box toe protection and non-slip soles, are intended primarily to provide protection from falling and rolling objects. Enlisted personnel are issued safety shoes at recruit training commands. Officers shall be provided standard stock safety shoes when required by their work. Safety shoes should be periodically examined for worn soles and heels that would reduce the non-skid features of the shoe. Safety shoes shall be replaced when the upper leather is worn or develops cracks exposing the toe protection or the foot. When safety shoes exhibit wear such that safety protection is no longer afforded the command shall provide standard stock safety shoes as organizational clothing (similar to coveralls or foul weather gear). (3) Special safety shoes: (a) Semi-conductive safety shoes are used to dissipate static electricity. (b) Safety shoes with special electrical hazard soles are used to guard against shock hazards when performing electrical work and shall be provided to EMs, ETs, and personnel working around high voltage.


B12-4

(c) Safety shoes or boots with rubber or synthetic material are used for protection against acids, caustics and other liquid chemical hazards. They may or may not have toe protection. (d) Molders boots (slip on), with toe protection, should be provided to welders to provide easy removal in case hot slag or metal drops in or on the boot. (4) Protective shoes shall be stowed in a dry atmosphere. Where practical, they shall be stowed upright, allowing the insides to dry out. c. Hand Protection. Hand hazards include handling sharp objects, working with chemicals or electrical equipment and hot work. The following guidance is provided: (1) When handling sharp materials, such as sheet metal, wear leather gloves. Also wear leather gloves over electrical grade rubber gloves whenever the rubber gloves could be subjected to cutting by sharp or abrasive objects. (2) Whenever it is necessary to work with portable electric tools or equipment in damp locations or when it is necessary to work on live electrical circuits or equipment, wear electrical grade insulating rubber gloves. (3) Wear only gloves approved to handle acids, corrosives, solvents, and other industrial chemicals when required. The safety officer or hazardous material coordinator shall assist supervisors in the selection of gloves to protect against chemical hazards. Surgical, clear plastic, latex, or food-handler type gloves are not approved for use with hazardous materials. (4) When it is necessary to handle hot items or perform hot work, even if tongs or other gripping/clamping tools are available, wear non-asbestos, insulated gloves. (5) Wear Kevlar® or boning gloves when handling knives in food service situations.


B12-5

(6) Do not wear gloves when operating machinery with rotating or moving parts or line handling when the gloves could be caught in the bite.

(7) Deck personnel shall be provided with leather gloves to protect against hand injury when handling sharp objects including wire rope or banding material. (8) Stow rubber electrical insulating gloves in the box in which they came. Perform the appropriate planned maintenance on the gloves prior to stowage. Stow other rubber electrical safety protection equipment in a clean, dry, oil-free location. Care should be taken not to fold such equipment as folding will frequently result in cracks that will greatly reduce the insulating capability of the material.

(9) Do not use electrical insulating gloves for non-electrical work such as; general cleaning with cleansers, work involving solvents, work involving alkali material, or work involving acids. Cleaning products, acids and alkalis will degrade the insulating properties of the gloves making them unsafe for electrical work. d. Safety Clothing. Special clothing may consist of fire resistant coveralls, disposable coveralls, impervious chemical spill coveralls, welding leathers, and chemical aprons. These items may be specified as required by annual safety zone inspections, baseline industrial hygiene surveys, or standard work practices. Special clothing is required for personnel involved in emergency asbestos removals (see chapter B1). When operating/working in fossil fueled machinery spaces fire retardant coveralls shall be worn (see chapter C1). Synthetic clothing, such as certified Navy twill (CNT), may only be worn when immediately departing or returning to the ship or when specifically authorized by the commanding officer for ceremonial or other special occasions. Stow leather protection equipment in a clean, dry atmosphere. Hang up welding leathers. e. Personal Fall Protection Equipment. When climbing, working aloft or over the side, wear a full-body safety harness with safety lanyard at all times. Additionally, use the following actions to provide maximum protection: (1) Use wire rope lanyard when doing hot work.


B12-6

(2) Perform MRC 6231/001-12 R-1, or perform the appropriate planned maintenance on the safety harness and safety lanyards before each use. Inspect safety harnesses, D-rings, and safety lines before each use. (3) Ships shall train personnel who work aloft or over the side in the proper use of personal fall protection equipment. (4) Do not use safety lanyards for any other purpose than personal fall protection. In particular, do not use them for hoisting heavy objects. (5) Hang lanyards and full body harnesses used for personal fall protection equipment in a cool, dry atmosphere. Do not pile equipment one upon the other, as such action may prevent proper drying and result in rotting and weakening of lanyards. Rinse nylon lanyards and full body harnesses that have been exposed to salt water with fresh water before allowing equipment to air dry prior to storage. f. Personal Flotation Devices. Whenever personnel, other than aircrew members and flight deck personnel, are required to wear life preservers in open sea operations, the life preservers must be the inherently buoyant or the MK-1. Those jacket-type life preservers are used by personnel in exposed battle stations, when working over the side, topside in heavy weather, during replenishment at sea, in small boats and other evolutions when personnel can be carried over the side. MK-1 life preservers should not be worn by personnel performing hot work or other actions that may cause damage to the bladder. Thoroughly dry life preservers prior to stowage. Following drying, stow them in designated clean and dry locations.

CHAPTER B12

REFERENCES

B12-1. Naval Ships Technical Manual (NSTM) 077


Appendix B12-A

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT STOCK NUMBER INFORMATION*

ITEM NSN* 1. Head Protection: Hard Hat 8415-01-025-9958 Helmet, battle 8470-01-455-3325 Helmet, Flight Deck Crew Cloth 8415-00-861-3527 Helmet, liner 8470-01-455-3338 Helmet, shell 8470-01-455-3331 Pad, Back Assembly 8415-00-178-6830 Pad, Front Assembly 8415-00-178-6831 Shell Assembly, Front 8415-00-178-7013 Shell Assembly, Back 8415-00-178-6855 2. Safety Shoes: Steel Tip 8430-00-596-5396 through 6052 8430-01-032-2900 through 2909 8430-01-079-1252, MIL-S-21894 Steel Tip Boots 8430-00-624-2151 (series) Molder's 8430-00-926-9966 (series) Electrical 8430-00-611-8314 (series) Rubber 8430-00-624-2151 (series) 3. Gloves: Leather 8415-01-092-3910 Butyl 8415-00-753-6551 through 6554 Industrial (corrosive handling) 8415-00-266-8673, 8675, 8677,

8679 Industrial (organic solvent handling) 8415-00-823-7456, 7457 Kelvar® work gloves 41110-01-397-7346, 7348,7349 Neoprene 8415-00-753-6551 through 6553 PVC 8415-00-916-2817, 2818 Rubber (chemical handling) 8415-00-753-6651 through 6654 Rubber latex 8415-01-012-9294 Protective Fuel and Oxidizer 8415-00-577-4091 (series) Resistant (Resin Modified Butyl) Chipper, Gauntlet Left 8415-00-559-1339 (series) Chipper, Gauntlet Right (series) Cotton, Work 8415-00-268-8330 Cloth, leather palm 8415-00-268-8350


B12-A-2

ITEM NSN* Leather, Welder, Gauntlet 8415-00-269-0432 (series) Leather, heavy 8415-00-268-7871 (series) Leather, Gauntlet, Linesman 8415-00-274-2432 (series) Cotton Knit, Fire Retardant 8415-00-024-9505 Heat Protective Mitten 8415-01-092-0039 Rubber, Electrical

Insulating 8415-01-158-9445 through 9449 4. Safety Butyl apron 8415-00-281-7813 through 7815 Clothing: Plastic apron 8415-00-715-0450 Rubber apron 8415-00-082-6108 Boot covers, butyl 8430-00-262-5295 through 5297 Boot covers, disposable 8430-00-591-1359 Coveralls, toxicological 8415-00-099-6962, 6968, 6970 Coverall, white cloth 8405-00-082-5536 through 5539 Coveralls, cotton (fire retardant) 8405-01-286-XXXX (series) Coveralls, Nomex (fire retardant) 4210-01-514-XXXX (series) Coveralls, anti-exposure8415-01-531-XXXX (series) Coveralls, Catapult Crewman 8415-00-753-6346 (series) Coveralls, Cotton Sateen (Maintenance) 8405-00-131-6507 (series) Coveralls, Microwave Radiation Protection8415-00-006-7770 (series) Coveralls, Arc Protection 8415-00-081-6481 (series) Footwear, Disposal Covers (used for OTTO II handling and with microwave protection coveralls) 0430-00-591-1359 (series) Coveralls, Explosive Handling 8415-00-280-2455 (series) Coveralls, Rocket Fuel Handlers Impermeable Full Protection 8415-00-725-3627 (series) Hood, Rocket Fuel Handlers, Impermeable 8415-00-753-6210


B12-A-3

ITEM NSN* Clothing, leather (for welders) Sleeves 8415-00-164-0513 Jacket 8415-00-268-8262 (series) Apron 8415-00-250-2531 Jacket, cold weather 8415-01-495-XXXX (series) 5. Personal Safety Harness Complete Fall Assembly (work/safety Protection lanyard) 4240-00-402-4514 Equipment: Safety Harness 4240-00-022-2522 Safety Lanyard, ½” Nylon Rope NEW NSN TBD Safety Lanyard 1” Strap Nylon NEW NSN TBD Climber Safety Sleeve 4240-01-042-9688 6. Personal Life Preserver, Flotation Vest, Foam Pack Devices: (Inherently Buoyant) 4220-00-200-0538 (KAPOK) MIL-L-18045 TYPE I is being replaced with: Life Preserver, Vest (Inherently Buoyant) (Stearns I600-ORG-NLT) 4220-01-485-1138 Life Preserver MK1 Auto Inflatable Complete 4220-01-487-XXXX (series) Surface ships use AEL’s 2-330014161 through 2-330014166 Submarines use the green color MK-1 only AEL 2-330013101 *Also see Naval Ships Technical Manual, chapter 077, for additional information on personal protective equipment. ____________________ ** National Stock Numbers (NSN) are subject to change. Recheck Numbers prior to ordering.


Appendix B12-B

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT CHECKLIST Indicate by an X, the answer to each of the questions below. If a question is not applicable to the command, indicate by NA in the YES block. Explain or describe the condition warranting any NO answer on the space provided at the end of the checklist or on additional sheets, if necessary. The location of the NAVOSH Manual reference for any question is provided at the end of the question.

YES NO

RESPONSIBILITIES

1. Is there sufficient personal protective equipment (PPE) aboard the command? (B1202a)

2. Is adequate funding provided to obtain or replace missing or worn out personal protective equipment? (B1202a)

3. Does the safety officer, in conjunction with the master-at-arms force, monitor work stations to ensure that personal protective equipment is used for required work or in required spaces as well as being worn in a proper manner? (B1202b)

4. Do division officers inform the supply officer of changes to the allowance of PPE so that COSALs, APLs, or AELs can be changed? (B1202c)

5. Do division officers stock sufficient PPE to support the division's needs and issue it to personnel when required? (B1202c)

6. Do division officers ensure that personal protective equipment is properly maintained? (B1202c)

7. Does the MDR assist in obtaining/providing medically fitted PPE? (B1202d)


B12-B-2

PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

8. Does the command ensure that metal hard hats are not used? (B1203a)

9. Do all personnel above the damage control deck during condition 1 wear battle helmets?

10. Do all enlisted hands possess standard stock safety shoes (issued at Recruit Training)? (B1203b)

11. Are poromeric (i.e., CORFAM®) shoes prohibited except for departing or returning to the ship or when specifically authorized by the commanding officer for ceremonial purposes? (B1203b)

12. Are deck personnel provided with leather gloves to protect against hand injury when handling sharp objects, wire rope, or banding material? (B1203c(1))

13. When working with caustic or toxic materials, are personnel provided with gloves suitable for handling the material? (B1203c(3))

14. Are insulated gloves (non-asbestos) available for personnel doing hot work? (B1203c(4))

15. Is synthetic clothing such as certified Navy twill, prohibited in ship's fire rooms, main machinery spaces, and hot work areas? (B1203d)

16. Are fire retardant coveralls provided to engineering personnel who stand watch or work in fire rooms or main machinery spaces? (C1302a(6))

17. Are personnel working aloft or over the side provided with a safety harness and safety lanyard? (B1203e)

18. Are wire rope lanyards used instead of nylon when doing hot work either aloft or over the side? (B1203e(1))


B12-B-3

19. Are safety harnesses, D-rings, and safety lanyards inspected in accordance with planned maintenance prior to each use? (B1203e(2))

20. Are safety lanyards prohibited from being used for any other purpose than personal fall protection? (B1203e(4))

21. Do personnel, other than air crew members and flight deck personnel who are required to wear life preservers in open sea operations, wear the life preservers? (B1203f)

22. Do personnel wear MK-1 life preservers when in exposed battle stations, when working over the side, topside during heavy weather, in small boats and during towing and other evolutions when personnel can be carried over the side? (B1203f)

STORAGE, MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

23. Do divisions properly stow personal protective equipment? (B1202c)

24. Check the PMS records for the personal protective equipment. Are maintenance and inspections being accomplished at the proper intervals? (B1202c)

25. Are the hard hats being used by crew members free from cracks, holes, paint, or unauthorized modifications?

(B1202a)

TRAINING

26. Do personnel, who are required to wear or use PPE in work, receive training prior to use and annually thereafter? (B1202c)


CHAPTER B13

RESERVED (ERGONOMICS)


CHAPTER B14

RESERVED (FALL PROTECTION)


NAVY


PROGRAM MANUAL

FOR FORCES AFLOAT

OPNAV INSTRUCTION 5100.19E

VOLUME II SURFACE SHIP SAFETY STANDARDS




OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS 2000 NAVY PENTAGON WASHINGTON, DC 20350-2000 IN REPLY REFER TO

OPNAVINST 5100.19E N09F 30 May 07

OPNAV INSTRUCTION 5100.19E, VOLUME II From: Chief of Naval Operations Subj: NAVY SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH (SOH) PROGRAM MANUAL FOR FORCES AFLOAT, VOLUME II Ref: (a) OPNAVINST 5100.19E, Volume I Encl: (1) Navy Safety and Occupational Health Program Manual for Forces Afloat, Volume II 1. Purpose. To provide the second volume of the Navy Safety and Occupational Health (SOH) Program for Forces Afloat. 2. Cancellation. OPNAVINST 5100.19D, Volume II 3. Discussion a. This instruction provides surface ship safety standards and precautions necessary to carry out the program established in reference (a). Representatives of the Fleet Commanders and Type Commanders staffs provided significant input to this document. b. This instruction reflects modifications to regulatory requirements, embodies lessons learned from mishaps, and incorporates changes directed the Navy Executive Safety Board to enhance the SOH Program. Since this document modifies every chapter and most of the paragraphs from OPNAVINST 5100.19D, it does not identify modified, added, or deleted paragraphs. 4. Action a. Replace the current Volume II of OPNAVINST 5100.19D with enclosure (1). b. Each command should have sufficient copies of enclosure (a) to ensure that personnel in each workcenter have access to the information.


5. Forms and Re~orts

The following forms are available at Navy Forms On-line, htt~s://forms.da~s.dla.mil

(1) NAVSEA 9890/8, Danger, Do Not Operate Tag, S/N 0116-LF- 115-4300

(2) OPNAV 5100/23, Working Aloft Check Sheet (For Ships)

(3) OPNAV 5100/24, Working Over the Side Check Sheet (For Ships)

(4) OPNAV 5100/25, Working in Vertical Trunk Check Sheet (For Ships)

-9- G E. MAYER

RADM USN Special Assistant for Safety

Distribution: Electronic only, via Department of the Navy Issuances Website http://doni.daps.dla.mil


x

TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME II SECTION C


CHAPTER C1. BASIC SAFETY ...................................C1-1

C0101. DISCUSSION.........................................C1-1

C0102. GENERAL SAFETY STANDARDS...........................C1-1

C0103. TRAINING...........................................C1-6

C0104. SAFETY COLOR CODE AND SIGNS FOR MARKING PHYSICAL HAZARDS.. C1-6

CHAPTER C1 REFERENCES..............................C1-8 CHAPTER C2. DRY CARGO OPERATIONS/STORES HANDLING ...........C2-1

C0201. DISCUSSION.........................................C2-1

C0202. PRECAUTIONS – WORKING PARTIES MOVING STORES........C2-1

C0203. PRECAUTIONS – CARGO HANDLING FOR SUPERVISORS.......C2-2

C0204. PRECAUTIONS DURING CARGO OPERATIONS................C2-4

C0205. STOWAGE PRECAUTIONS................................C2-7

C0206. NETS...............................................C2-7

C0207. PALLETS............................................C2-7

C0208. CONVEYORS..........................................C2-8

CHAPTER C2 REFERENCES..............................C2-9 CHAPTER C3. UNDERWAY REPLENISHMENT .........................C3-1

C0301. DISCUSSION.........................................C3-1

C0302. PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED PRIOR TO UNREP OPERATIONS .... C3-1

C0303. PRECAUTIONS DURING UNREP OPERATIONS................C3-3


CHAPTER C4. SMALL BOATS ....................................C4-1

C0401. DISCUSSION.........................................C4-1


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME II SECTION C


C0402. PRECAUTIONS FOR LAUNCHING AND RETRIEVAL............C4-1

C0403. SMALL BOAT FUELING.................................C4-3

C0404. OPERATIONS.........................................C4-4

C0405. CONTRACT LIBERTY BOAT SAFETY.......................C4-7

CHAPTER C4 REFERENCES..............................C4-9 CHAPTER C5. WIRE AND FIBER ROPE ............................C5-1

C0501. DISCUSSION.........................................C5-1


C0503. NATURAL LINES......................................C5-3

C0504. SYNTHETIC LINES ...................................C5-4

C0505. WIRE AND SPRING LAY ROPE...........................C5-5

C0506. CABLE CLEANER/LUBRICANT ...........................C5-6

CHAPTER C5 REFERENCES..............................C5-6 CHAPTER C6. GROUND TACKLE AND TOWING .......................C6-1

C0601. DISCUSSION.........................................C6-1

C0602. GROUND TACKLE PRECAUTIONS..........................C6-1

C0603. TOWING PRECAUTIONS.................................C6-4

CHAPTER C6 REFERENCES..............................C6-4 CHAPTER C7. HELICOPTER OPERATIONS ..........................C7-1

C0701. DISCUSSION.........................................C7-1

C0702. PRECAUTIONS........................................C7-1



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TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME II SECTION C


CHAPTER C8. WORKING OVER THE SIDE OR ALOFT; VERTICAL TRUNKS;

DRYDOCK SAFETY .................................C8-1

C0801. DISCUSSION.........................................C8-1


C0803. PROCEDURES FOR WORKING OVER THE SIDE...............C8-3

C0804. PROCEDURES FOR PERSONNEL WORKING ALOFT.............C8-3

C0805. DRYDOCK SAFETY PRECAUTIONS.........................C8-4

C0806. OPERATING AERIAL LIFTS.............................C8-5

C0807. PROCEDURES FOR WORKING IN VERTICAL TRUNKS..........C8-7

CHAPTER C8 REFERENCES..............................C8-8 CHAPTER C9. ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC SAFETY AND TAG-OUT

PRECAUTIONS ....................................C9-1

C0901. DISCUSSION.........................................C9-1

C0902. DEFINITIONS........................................C9-1

C0903. ELECTRICAL PRECAUTIONS.............................C9-1

C0904. WET CELL BATTERIES.................................C9-5

C0905. LITHIUM AND MERCURY BATTERIES......................C9-7

C0906. ELECTRICAL FIRES...................................C9-8

C0907. FIRST AID FOR ELECTRICAL SHOCK.....................C9-9

C0908. ELECTRONIC PRECAUTIONS............................C9-10

C0909. ELECTRICALLY AND ELECTRONICALLY SAFE WORK BENCHES.C9-13

C0910. TAG-OUT...........................................C9-14

CHAPTER C9 REFERENCES.............................C9-14


xiii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME II SECTION C


CHAPTER C10. SHIPBOARD FUELS ...............................C10-1

C1001. DISCUSSION........................................C10-1

C1002. DEFINITIONS.......................................C10-1

C1003. PRECAUTIONS.......................................C10-1

CHAPTER C10 REFERENCES............................C10-4 CHAPTER C11. WELDING, CUTTING, BRAZING, AND HOT WORK .......C11-1

C1101. DISCUSSION........................................C11-1

C1102. PRECAUTIONS.......................................C11-2

C1103. EXTRA PRECAUTIONS FOR WORK IN RESTRICTED ACCESS

SPACES ................................................C11-10

CHAPTER C11 REFERENCES...........................C11-11 CHAPTER C12. SHIPBOARD AIRCRAFT SAFETY .....................C12-1

C1201. DISCUSSION........................................C12-1

C1202. GENERAL FIRE PRECAUTIONS .........................C12-1

C1203. HOUSEKEEPING......................................C12-2

C1204. FOREIGN OBJECT DAMAGE (FOD).......................C12-3

C1205. LIQUID OXYGEN.....................................C12-3

C1206. ARRESTING GEAR AND BARRICADES.....................C12-5

C1207. HAZARDS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF ORDNANCE

(HERO) ...........................................C12-6

CHAPTER C12 REFERENCES............................C12-6 CHAPTER C13. MACHINERY .....................................C13-1

C1301. DISCUSSION........................................C13-1


C1303. MAINTENANCE.......................................C13-4


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME II SECTION C


C1304. INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT..............................C13-4

CHAPTER C13 REFERENCES...........................C13-19 CHAPTER C14. ORDNANCE ......................................C14-1

C1401. DISCUSSION........................................C14-1

C1402. GENERAL ORDNANCE PRECAUTIONS......................C14-1

C1403. ORDNANCE HANDLING PRECAUTIONS.....................C14-2

CHAPTER C14 REFERENCES............................C14-3 CHAPTER C15. MARINE SANITATION DEVICES (SEWAGE SYSTEMS) ....C15-1

C1501. DISCUSSION........................................C15-1

C1502. SANITARY, HYGIENIC, AND SAFETY PROCEDURES.........C15-1

C1503. GAS FREE ENGINEERING FOR MSD SYSTEMS..............C15-3

C1504. CONTROL OF TOXIC GAS HAZARDS IN SEWAGE MSD

SYSTEMS ..........................................C15-4

C1505. GRAYWATER COLLECTION/TRANSFER SYSTEMS AND GRAYWATER HOLDING TANKS ....................................C15-5

C1506. DISCHARGE REQUIREMENTS AND ADDITIONAL GUIDANCE ...C15-5

CHAPTER C15 REFERENCES............................C15-6 CHAPTER C16. HEAVY WEATHER .................................C16-1

C1601. DISCUSSION........................................C16-1

C1602. LIFELINES.........................................C16-1

C1603. TIE-DOWNS.........................................C16-1

C1604. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS UNDER HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS.C16-1 CHAPTER C17. ABANDONING SHIP ...............................C17-1

C1701. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS DURING ABANDONING SHIP.........C17-1



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TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME II SECTION C


CHAPTER C18. PAINTING AND PRESERVATION .....................C18-1

C1801. DISCUSSION........................................C18-1

C1802. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR PAINT REMOVAL .............C18-1

C1803. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR SURFACE PREPARATION AND PAINTING OPERATIONS .............................C18-3

CHAPTER C18 REFERENCES............................C18-4 CHAPTER C19. FOOD SERVICE AND TRASH AND GARBAGE DISPOSAL EQUIPMENT ..............................................C19-1

C1901. DISCUSSION........................................C19-1


C1903. COOKING UTENSILS..................................C19-3

C1904. FOOD PREPARATION..................................C19-4

C1905. SAFE OPERATION OF FOOD SERVICE EQUIPMENT..........C19-5

C1906. TRASH AND GARBAGE PROCESSING EQUIPMENT ..........C19-11

CHAPTER C19 REFERENCES...........................C19-13 CHAPTER C20. LAUNDRIES AND PHOTOGRAPHY LABS AND DARKROOMS ..C20-1

C2001. DISCUSSION........................................C20-1

C2002. LAUNDRY PRECAUTIONS...............................C20-1

C2003. PRECAUTIONS FOR LITHOGRAPHIC, PHOTOGRAPHIC, AND RADIOGRAPHIC DARKROOMS AND LABORATORIES...........C20-3

CHAPTER C20 REFERENCES............................C20-4 CHAPTER C21. MEDICAL AND DENTAL FACILITIES .................C21-1

C2101. DISCUSSION........................................C21-1

C2102. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR MEDICAL AND DENTAL FACILITIES .... C21-1



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TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME II SECTION C


CHAPTER C22. CO2 FIXED FLOODING SYSTEMS SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AND PROCEDURES ..............................................C22-1

C2201. DISCUSSION........................................C22-1

C2202. HEALTH HAZARDS OF CARBON DIOXIDE..................C22-1

C2203. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS................................C22-2

C2204. GENERAL PROCEDURES DURING MAINTENANCE WORK........C22-4

C2205. DISABLING PROCEDURES..............................C22-4

C2206. RESCUE PERSONNEL PROCEDURES.......................C22-5 CHAPTER C23. HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT STANDARDS .....................................................C23-1

C2301. DISCUSSION........................................C23-1

C2302. HMC&M – HAZMINCEN STANDARDS...................... C23-2

C2303. HM STORAGE SEGREGATION STANDARDS.................C23-12

C2304. GENERAL HANDLING AND USE REQUIREMENTS............C23-18

C2305. SPECIALTY MATERIAL...............................C23-20

CHAPTER C23 REFERENCES...........................C23-22

APPENDIX C23-A HAZARDOUS MATERIAL STORAGE SEGREGATION MATRIX ...............................................C23-A-1

APPENDIX C23-B HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT (HMC&M) CHECKLIST SURFACE

SHIP PROGRAM....................................C23-B-1


CHAPTER C1

BASIC SAFETY C0101. DISCUSSION a. Shipboard life is one of the more hazardous working and living environments that exist. The existence of hazardous materials and equipment, in addition to the fact that a ship is a constantly moving platform subject to conditions such as weather, collision, and grounding contribute to a potentially hazardous environment. Any chain of mishaps could lead to a major catas-trophe. It is for this reason, PRACTICAL SAFETY must be followed and the prescribed safety regulations strictly followed to prevent personal injury and illness. b. As a risk control measure, and a consideration when using operational risk management (ORM) to plan an evolution, consider assigning a safety observer, whose only responsibility is safety, during any evolution that could injure personnel or damage equipment. This safety observer should be knowledgeable in the proper performance of the evolution. Reference C1-1 contains additional guidance on ORM. c. The general safety standards in the following section are applicable to all shipboard operations and spaces. These standards have been adopted from requirements from the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), USCG, Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and previous OPNAV directives. The standards provided in this chapter may not be all inclusive for every possible evolution on board ship, and the lack of a specific standard does not imply that a practice is safe just because it is not mentioned. Use ORM to determine the safety requirements for unique evolutions and operations. C0102. GENERAL SAFETY STANDARDS a. Ladders and Egress

(1) Be familiar with all exits and egress routes from working and living spaces. (2) Always move up or down a ladder with one hand on the railing. Never slide down inclined ladder rails or material


C1-2

handling trays. Do not carry loads up or down ladders that obstruct your movement or sight. (3) Always ensure exits are not locked or blocked with equipment or any other type of interference. (4) Do not run in passageways or up or down ladders. (5) Always be cautious when nearing a "blind" corner or when opening doors with no port light or window. (6) Never lock escape scuttles or other accesses so they cannot be opened from the inside. (7) Never dismantle or remove any inclined or vertical ladder without permission of the commanding officer. Secure such areas with temporary lifelines and post with a warning sign. (8) After opening and prior to passing through a watertight hatch, scuttle, or manhole cover ensure hatch brace pins and/or safety pawls and scuttle/manhole covers are positively locked. (9) Provide temporary barriers using guardrails, line, or chains, suitably supported by stanchions or pads, when opening accesses in bulkheads or decks that are normally closed, if the opening will be unattended or unguarded at any time. (10) Ensure that low overheads above inclined ladders (less than 72 inches (“) in height), ladder grab bars, passageways (less than 75" in height) and obstructions in passageways (less than 72" in height), are padded or protected to prevent head injury if struck. b. Damage Control

(1) Know the location and operation of life preservers, emergency escape breathing devices (EEBDs), and other emergency equipment in or near your working and living spaces. (2) Know the location of all fire stations and other firefighting equipment in or near the living and working spaces you frequent.

(3) If you pass through a watertight door, hatch, or scuttle designated to be closed during normal operations, be certain to properly close and dog it.


C1-3

(4) Never tamper with any damage control fittings or

equipment. (5) Never open or enter a tank, void, manhole or other

space suspected or confirmed of containing hazardous vapors (e.g., flammable liquids) without permission of the gas free engineer. (6) When working in a tank, void, or space containing a hazardous vapor source ensure a gas free certificate is properly posted. Personnel entering the tank, void, manhole or hazardous area shall wear a harness with attached safety line, wear proper protective equipment, and have a second person tending the safety line outside the space. c. Stowage and Hazardous Materials

(1) Make sure that all movable objects in your spaces are secured for sea using appropriate materials. Whenever feasible, provide permanent secure-for-sea mountings with metal bands, bolts, or other securing devices.

(2) Ensure all hazardous materials, including cleaners and paints, are properly labeled, safely used, and returned after use, per the ship’s procedures. d. Machinery

(1) Wear short sleeves or roll up sleeves when operating rotating industrial machinery. See chapter B12 for specific protective clothing requirements. (2) Know the emergency shut down procedures for all equipment you use. (3) Do not wear rings, watches, key rings, bracelets, cell phones, pagers, and other items that may become entangled or caught on projections, or may be a shock hazard when working with electrical or electronic equipment. (4) Always wear approved safety shoes when required by the job. (5) Do not operate machinery and tools without proper training and authorization.


C1-4

(6) Keep decks free of obstacles and materials causing slippery conditions, particularly in work areas. Post warning signs in areas that are slippery. Ensure non-skid decking material (non-skid paint or adhesive non-skid strips) are installed at the top and bottom of each ladder, on both sides of doors and arches with a high coaming, both sides of crew messing space doors (may be on exit side only if non-skid tiles are installed in messing spaces), and in the machinery operators work areas. (7) Never operate machinery or equipment with defective or missing safety devices. (8) Never tamper with or render ineffective any safety device, interlock, ground strap or similar device intended to protect operators or the equipment without specific approval of the commanding officer. (9) Only open or close electrical switches and pipe valves when authorized to do so.

e. Ventilation. Always ensure ventilation ducts are free of blockage. Never alter ducts or diffusers without permission. Know where ventilation controllers are located for your work and living areas. f. General Space Safety

(1) Keep constantly familiar with the whereabouts of crewmembers in the space where you are working, especially if they are working in tanks, voids or other restricted movement areas. (2) Smoke only in designated areas. (3) Observe and enforce all personal protective equipment requirements. (4) Promptly report all unsafe conditions discovered. (5) Never straddle or step over lines, wire, and chains under tension.


C1-5

(6) Never hesitate to stop a shipmate from doing something that may be hazardous or unsafe, and never leave a worksite in an unsafe condition.

(7) Ensure hazardous areas such as spaces containing

flammable liquids, around machinery and elevators, pinch points, rotating shafts and belts, and trip hazards, are marked with red color coding or signs to warn people of danger areas. See

chapter C10 for more information on signage for gasoline hazard areas.

(8) Use of personal earphones is not authorized

throughout the ship except in the berthing spaces, in recreation/study areas, or in other authorized ship spaces. g. Topside

(1) Wear sunglasses only when topside. Sunglasses will not be worn as a substitute for impact safety glasses, sun and wind goggles, flight deck goggles, or as protective equipment for operations such as fire watch or welding.

(2) Know where all life rings, dye markers, and flares are located for man overboard emergencies.

(3) Do not lean against lifelines. Never dismantle or

remove any lifeline, or hang or secure any weight or line to any lifeline except as authorized by the commanding officer. When no lifeline is available, temporary lifelines shall be used.

(4) Wear a life preserver topside where the potential

exists of falling, slipping, being thrown, or carried into the water.

(5) Never dismantle any permanent lifeline system

without permission of the commanding officer and without providing temporary lifelines.

(6) Know the location of all lifeboat and life raft

stations. Be familiar with access routes to the stations from the living and working spaces you frequent.


C1-6

C0103. TRAINING a. While most of the standards specified in this chapter are covered during basic training and at specific training schools, new crewmembers, upon reporting on board, must be given an orientation on these standards, their intent and importance, and where specific safety items and personal protective equipment (PPE) can be found aboard ship. This training shall be conducted within 72 hours of the crew member reporting aboard and shall include; egress, self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)/oxygen breathing apparatus (OBA), and EEBD training. The training listed shall be reinforced with follow-on training every six months thereafter. b. All personnel should be consistently reminded of these safety standards through the use of Plan of the Day notes, divisional training, or quarters. c. While enforcement of safety standards is important, consider rewards and recognition for those reporting and correcting safety hazards and watching out for their shipmate’s safety. C0104. SAFETY COLOR CODE AND SIGNS FOR MARKING PHYSICAL HAZARDS a. DANGER. Red is the basic color for the identification of dangerous equipment or situations: (1) Safety cans or other approved portable containers of flammable liquids (see C23). These metal cans shall be painted red with some additional clearly visible identification either in the form of a yellow band around the can or the name of the contents conspicuously stenciled or painted on the can in yellow. (2) Danger signs are red with black and white lettering, to indicate a hazardous situation, equipment, area, or condition, which has a high probability of death or severe injury. (3) Emergency stop bars on hazardous machines, such as rubber mills, wire blocks, or flat work ironers. Stop buttons or electrical switches, on which letters or other markings appear and are used for emergency stopping of machinery, shall be red.


C1-7

(4) Guards or barriers enclosing rotating machinery, shafts, or moving parts which could cause death or severe injury, if removed.

b. CAUTION. Yellow is the basic color to denote caution. (1) Yellow is the basic color for designating caution and for marking physical hazards such as: striking against, stumbling, falling, tripping, and "caught in between." Solid yellow, yellow and black stripes with suitable contrasting color should be used interchangeably, using the combination, which will attract the most attention in the particular environment. Overhead obstructions(less than 72" in height), monorails and turntables are painted solid yellow. (2) Yellow and black are the colors of caution signs used to indicate a hazardous situation, which may result in minor or moderate injury. Caution signs are yellow with black lettering, and are used for eye hazard and noise hazard signs. (3) Use yellow and black striping or checkerboard designs, painted or tape, to indicate industrial eye hazardous areas, trip hazard areas, or other areas where caution should be exercised. c. Safety Information. Green is the color of general safety information and instructional signs, such as the location of emergency eye wash stations and safety precaution placards. d. Workshop Deck Markings. Deck markings are used around permanently installed workshop machinery to alert personnel nearby of potential hazards. Markings may be applied using commercially available safety tape or painted onto surfaces. Markings are to be applied around each machine. Avoid marking an entire space as hazardous by applying deck markings only at a doorway or entrance. Operator and eye hazard areas may overlap if machines are installed close together. (1) Operator Work Areas – The area at the machine where the operator normally stands while using the machine is marked to alert personnel to not enter that operator area. An operator area is marked by painting the entire operator area as a solid yellow block. The operator area must also have non-skid decking to prevent slipping on oily decks and falling into the machines. The non-skid may be non-skid paint or adhesive non-skid strips with no spaces between the strips.


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(2) Eye Hazardous Areas – Any area around a machine determined to pose an eye hazard must have those boundaries outlined in black and yellow strips or checkerboard paint or tape. To determine the extent of the eye hazard, note areas where chips or debris are thrown or materials splashed during operation. That area or machine must also be labeled with a "Caution – Eye Hazard" sign in yellow and black. (3) Safe Passage and Caution Areas – If space permits, lanes used for normal traffic through a machine shop or around industrial machinery should be outlined using solid white (safe) or yellow (caution) lines.

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CHAPTER C1

REFERENCES C1-1. OPNAVINST 3500.39B


CHAPTER C2

DRY CARGO OPERATIONS/STORES HANDLING C0201. DISCUSSION a. Dry cargo and stores are any material that are carried in their own containers and is not in bulk form, such as fuel. Examples of dry cargo are stores, equipment and machinery that are carried in a ship for its own or another vessel's use. b. This chapter does not discuss underway replenishment (UNREP) operations or refueling at sea (FAS) operations except fuel used in drums or other approved containers. UNREP and FAS operations are covered in other chapters. c. Dry cargo and stores handling evolutions are extremely dangerous, even though they appear routine. Cargo and stores being handled can fall or shift, causing injury to personnel and damage to the ship. Additionally, damaged hazardous material cargo may cause illness or death from resulting spills in extreme conditions. Cargo and stores handling gear can fail, causing not only cargo damage, but additionally the failed cargo handling gear can itself maim and even kill, as well as cause physical damage. It is for these reasons that extreme care must be used during cargo and stores handling operations. d. Working parties and personnel moving stores throughout a ship are a source of numerous injuries. Handlers may need hand and foot protection, back injury prevention training, and supervision to prevent injuries. e. Complete an operational risk management (ORM) review, in accordance with reference C2-1, before the evolution and mitigate risks as feasible. C0202. PRECAUTIONS – WORKING PARTIES MOVING STORES The following precautions are for personnel assigned to temporarily assembled or routine working parties, and their supervisors, when handling and moving stores through a ship. a. Ensure the path throughout the ship where stores will be moved is clear of obstructions and traffic through those areas restricted during stores movement.


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b. Wear hand protection (when handling wire rope or banded material), and steel-toed safety shoes. c. Ensure there are sufficient personnel assigned to allow passing of boxes or material and that all members are fit to handle the anticipated weight.

d. Arrange sufficient numbers of personnel in the working party to minimize twisting or exertion while passing the material. Never toss or throw boxes, cases, or materials from one person to the next. e. Prior to each handling evolution, review proper handling techniques to avoid back injury (lift with legs, do not bend at waist to lift, get help with heavier loads, get a firm grip before releasing to next person, and stop and report any strains immediately). f. Ensure slides at inclined ladders are firmly in place and do not have sharp edges or protrusions. g. Review spill response procedures if handling hazardous materials. C0203. PRECAUTIONS - CARGO HANDLING FOR SUPERVISORS The following precautions are for cargo handling supervisors. Supervisors must initiate these precautions as well as those in reference C2-2 before beginning any cargo handling operations: a. Ensure open hatches in use are cleared of adjacent loose equipment that might fall into the hold and injure personnel below. b. Restrict traffic about hatches to the side away from where cargo is being worked. Rope off areas to traffic over which loads are traveling. c. Secure or remove hatch beams or other structures in the way of hatches where cargo is being worked. Personnel engaged in moving hatch beams shall wear a safety harness with associated safety lines, which shall be tended at all times. d. Ensure that all personnel handling cargo gear are familiar with the use of their equipment and limitations on load


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capacity and outreach and are personnel qualifications standard (PQS) qualified. e. Ensure that trained and qualified signalmen are designated and posted during crane or boom operations. f. The following crane crew personnel will be qualified, per reference C2-2: tagline handler; rigger; signalman; crane operator; crane safety observer; and crane maintenance technician. Where applicable, NAVEDTRA Personnel Qualification Standards (PQS) are available and should be used to supplement the reference C2-2 qualification requirements.

g. Ensure that there are no obstructions to cargo movement. h. Verify that all designated cargo handlers are wearing the required personal protective equipment, including hand protection (when handling wire rope or banded material), head protection (hard hats), and steel-toed safety shoes. Ensure all other personnel immediately involved in the cargo handling operations (i.e., safety observer, rig captain, signalmen, winch operator, and winch checker), including personnel observing for training, wear head protection (a hard hat) with the chin strap in place under the chin. i. Ensure that all cargo holds to be used are open and hatch covers properly stowed. Ensure all hinged or folding cargo hatches, normally stowed in an upright position are secured with hatch securing pawls and safety preventer chains engaged. j. Visually verify that all pallets and containers are of the correct type and safe for the intended use. If a pallet appears unsafe, discard or repair it prior to use. k. Inspect the cargo handling area and ensure that dunnage is properly stowed clear of all proposed cargo handling activity. l. Visually check and ensure that all required cargo handling warning signs are properly posted near personnel transit areas. m. Ensure that all required trim and stability calculations have been completed before the cargo is loaded or off-loaded. n. Visually check and verify that all cargo boom preventer guys, straps, and whips are rigged correctly.


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o. If handling ordnance, ensure that all applicable safety

standards are followed and enforced. Chapter C14 provides additional guidance. p. Use caution when using dock or mobile cranes. Rotary cranes, booms and structures can strike and damage the ship's superstructure. q. Ensure that all suspected unsafe cargo handling gear is tagged out of commission, removed, repaired and/or replaced, and tested prior to re-issue. r. Ensure that all holds and levels being utilized have the required safety barriers (rope, chains, and nets) installed. s. Verify that all required cargo (save-all) nets are in place. t. Ensure there are no oily or slick decks where cargo is to be handled. u. Ensure adequate lighting is provided at the boom heads, cargo holds, and draft areas when conducting nighttime cargo operations. v. Do not operate any cargo handling system with inoperative safety devices or guards without the specific approval of the commanding officer. w. Rig suspended baskets/buckets per reference C2-1. Personnel in the basket/bucket shall wear a safety harness with safety lines attached when not suspended over water. When suspended over the water, personnel shall wear approved life preservers according to reference C2-3. x. Use correct and well-maintained blocks and sheaves for safe load handling operations. y. Conduct an informal safety brief for all participants prior to the start of first cargo operations after port calls and thereafter as warranted. z. Ensure that safety observers are not involved in any other aspects of cargo handling operations except observing safe procedures.


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C0204. PRECAUTIONS DURING CARGO OPERATIONS All personnel handling cargo should follow the following precautions during cargo handling operations: a. Always know where the cargo is during a transfer. b. Wear head protection (a hard hat) with chinstrap in place under chin, gloves (when handling wire rope or banded material), and steel-toed safety shoes.

c. When transiting a cargo operations area, walk only in the designated transit areas that are located on the side of the ship opposite the cargo handling operations. d. Never look into a hold when cargo is being handled or cargo gear is in use unless controlling the movement of the cargo. e. Never walk under suspended cargo or tensioned highline. f. Do not ride on pallets, containers, or hooks. g. Know the firefighting and safety equipment locations. h. Do not walk backwards. i. Always listen to equipment. Abnormal sounds usually mean trouble. j. Never allow cargo to swing or remain suspended for a period longer than necessary. k. When cargo is being lowered, keep feet and hands clear. l. Never allow unsecured cargo gear or equipment to go unattended. m. Never put hands under cargo during transfer. n. Never throw anything down a hold or onto a dock. o. Never step into bights of line. p. Never grab or hold onto cargo lines.


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q. Know the location of all exits from holds. r. Know the location and use of emergency cut-off switches. s. Do not oil or lubricate equipment while it is in use. t. Check cargo-handling equipment for damage should cargo being handled strike the cargo handling equipment. u. Ensure cargo never exceeds cargo handling equipment's listed safe working load limit at the outreach being used. v. Avoid making side pulls. w. Never climb up or down exposed ladders when cargo is being handled within the immediate area. x. Do not smoke. y. Inform supervisors of unsafe or damaged equipment or conditions. z. Do not ride on conveyors. aa. Do not use personnel-only elevators for cargo. ab. Always lift loads evenly. ac. When suspending a load, only do so over the deck, not the hatch. ad. Wear eye and face protection when removing steel strapping. Stand to one side and out of the path of the strapping as strapping will recoil when cut. ae. Do not overload hand and fork trucks. Ensure trucks are below handlers when going up or down an incline. af. Remove, repair, or replace defective or broken strapping on cargo. ag. Provide loads requiring continuous manual guidance while in motion with tag lines.


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C0205. STOWAGE PRECAUTIONS a. Before handling vehicles, inspect and ensure that all fuel has been emptied from the vehicle's tanks with the exception of combat loaded military vehicles. b. Stow vehicles fore and aft, chock wheels, use approved or installed tie downs or wire rope lashings. c. Always brace, shore, and lash cargo that may shift. d. Always preplan the location of material to be stowed so that heavier items are stowed below lighter ones. e. Use dunnage only when necessary. f. For specific tiedown information, see the appropriate transportability guidance technical manual. C0206. NETS a. Use cargo nets when loading or unloading packages, bundled and bagged materials, or other objects that might roll or shift, creating an unsafe condition if lifted on a sling. b. When cargo nets are used to discharge cargo onto trucks, land the load slowly to prevent damage to the truck and possible injury to personnel. Carefully disconnect the net from the sling and leave the net in the truck with its load. c. Inspect nets prior to and during use for wear and damage. Remove worn or damaged nets from service until repaired or replaced. d. Refer to reference C2-4 for additional precautions associated with vertical replenishment. C0207. PALLETS a. Palletizing speeds up the handling of cargo, prevents damage to easily crushed items, and increases the amount of cargo that can be stacked in a pile. For these reasons, pallets are extensively used in cargo handling operations. b. When loading a pallet, stack the cargo so that no possibility of cargo spilling exists, and the pallet will be stable and level when lifted. When loading a pallet with cases


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of uneven size, place the highest and strongest cases at each end of the pallet with the smaller and more fragile cases in the center. In this manner, when piling one pallet on top of another, a stronger and more level surface is offered. This will result in safer stowage of the pallets. Do not lift pallets on which items are loose or broken and which cannot be properly reloaded in cargo nets. c. Palletize round commodities, such as cylinders, by using specially constructed chocks, made up and spaced to fit the particular cargo. For safe handling, tie the chocks together by two narrow strips that lie in the space between the chocks and are flush with the top of the pallet's platform. Lay the second tier in the cantlines of the first. d. Use pallet bridles and bars whenever possible and especially when loading or unloading pallets containing even-sized cases or cartons. e. Do not lift a load on damaged pallets. A damaged, palletized load may be lifted if a sound pallet is placed under the damaged pallet or if the load is placed into a cargo net. Otherwise, repalletize the load. f. Refer to reference C2-4 for additional precautions associated with vertical replenishment. C0208. CONVEYORS a. When using a power conveyor, run the device slowly enough that personnel at the end of the conveyor can handle the packages without rushing. b. Do not ride a moving conveyor. Signs shall be posted on all conveyors to this effect. Do not walk on idle conveyors, except as required for maintenance. c. Never leave a powered conveyor unattended while it is in operation. When operating a dual-control conveyor from one control station, use the station affording the best view of the entire conveying operation. For elevated conveyors, this usually means the elevated end. Control stations shall be placarded with operating instructions and precautions. d. Do not convey materials having an unstable load distribution.


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e. Examine all conveyors frequently for sharp edges, dents, worn liners, or any other conditions that could cause injury to personnel or damage to conveyed materials. Inspect power conveyors for loose or broken parts. f. Do not lubricate, adjust, or repair any part of the conveyor while the machine is in operation. Tag-out and remove conveyor from service before performing maintenance, inspection, or adjustments. g. Wear steel-toed safety shoes when loading or unloading conveyors. Wear hand protection if the materials have metal bands or sharp edges. h. To avoid personnel injury from falling cargo, do not go underneath the conveyor or inside the specified safe distance from its sides and ends. i. Always use the two-man rule when operating conveyors. j. Always maintain positive communication between the levels of operation.

k. Ensure there is adequate lighting and firm footing (including non-slip) for personnel loading conveyors. l. Ensure all platform-locking bars, interlocks, and audible alarms are working prior to using the conveyor. m. Ensure that all conveyor operators and maintenance personnel are PQS qualified.

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CHAPTER C2

REFERENCES C2-1. OPNAVINST 3500.39B C2-2. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) 589, Cranes C2-3. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) 077, Personnel Protection Equipment


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C2-4. Naval Warfare Publication (NWP) 4-01-4, Replenishment Underway


CHAPTER C3

UNDERWAY REPLENISHMENT

C0301. DISCUSSION a. All precautions listed for handling cargo in chapter C2, must be followed, during underway replenishment (UNREP) operations. However, several operations involved with UNREP are unique and require special attention and safety. Vertical replenishment (VERTREP) operations are covered in chapter C7, Helicopter Operations. Reference C3-1 contains additional procedures, requirements, safety precautions, and warnings associated with underway replenishment planning, ship handling, personnel, rigs, and transfer operations. b. Fueling-at-sea (FAS) and replenishment-at-sea (RAS) involve the transfer of cargo, personnel, and fuel between two or more ships while underway. This involves not only the dangers normally found with cargo transfers but also adds the problem of heavy weather, motion, streaming operations, and the possibility of collisions. For these extra threats, special precautions and practices must exist. c. Complete an operational risk management (ORM) assessment before the evolution. C3-2 provides additional guidance on ORM. Mitigate risks as feasible. C0302. PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED PRIOR TO UNREP OPERATIONS The senior personnel in charge of UNREP operations shall take the following precautions: a. Ensure all UNREP equipment and breakaway equipment are in place and properly operational. b. Ensure all assigned crew members know their duties, are certified where applicable, and are aware of their responsibilities. c. Test and ensure that proper communications equipment is being used and is operating normally. d. Ensure that communications (including back-up systems) are established with the UNREP vessel.


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e. Ensure UNREP stations have non-slip deck treads or non-skid paint. f. Ensure all lifelines are in place. g. Ensure that all UNREP personnel have removed all watches, bracelets, etc., and are wearing life preservers, head protection (hardhats), hand protection (when handling wire rope or banded material), and steel toed safety shoes. Ensure that personnel assigned to work stations are carrying an appropriate knife for routine or emergency use. h. When fueling, ensure all firefighting stations are properly equipped for any possible cargo fire. i. Ensure life rings, buoys, and markers are within easy access for UNREP team members, and station lookouts on the fantail for each engaged side. j. Ensure that all UNREP team members are thoroughly familiar with emergency breakaway procedures. Station-to-station phone talkers and station captains should discuss emergency breakaway procedures as soon as sound powered phone communications are established. Phone talkers should never fasten the phone strap around their necks. Emergency breakaway procedures shall be issued by the delivery ship, but can be initiated by either ship. k. Ensure that all cargo handling equipment, including padeyes, are not overloaded. l. Post UNREP warnings at designated personnel transit areas. m. Only allow essential personnel at UNREP stations. n. Ensure that all UNREP personnel wear snug fitting clothes. o. In cold climates, make sure all ice and snow is removed from UNREP station and the UNREP area deck is properly sanded. p. During night UNREP operations, ensure that all lights are operating. q. During personnel transfers:


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(1) Make sure transferring personnel wear head protection (hardhats) and authorized life preservers according to reference C3-3 and are equipped with whistles and personal marker lights (PMLs). (2) Ensure that transferring personnel know how to get out of the transfer chair in an emergency. (3) Inspect transfer rig before using. In particular, inspect the manila/synthetic highline for evidence of rot, broken strands, cuts, or other signs of weakened condition. (4) Use only manila/synthetic highlines and messenger lines. Hand tend messenger lines and highlines. r. Ensure that a ready lifeboat is available in case of an emergency. s. Clear area of dunnage. t. Ensure padding is in place for ordnance. u. Assign a PQS qualified safety observer to every UNREP station during the unrep evolution. Ensure that the safety observer's only function is to watch for hazardous conditions. The safety observer should know the locations of all nearby eye wash stations and be familiar with emergency measures in the event of accidental eye splashing. v. Ensure a safety brief is held for all participants prior to all UNREP evolutions using the principles of operational risk management (ORM). C0303. PRECAUTIONS DURING UNREP OPERATIONS All personnel shall comply with the following: a. Wear head protection (hardhat), hand protection (when handling wire rope or banding material), life preserver, and steel toed safety shoes. b. Wear snug fitting clothing appropriate for the weather conditions. Remove rings, watches, key rings, cell phone, pager, and other personal gear, which may become entangled in loads or lines.


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c. Know the location of lifesaving and firefighting stations. d. Be aware and exercise caution when line throwing gun and/or bolo are in use. e. Stand clear of bights. f. Transit the UNREP station area in the designated transit area on the side opposite the UNREP operations station. g. Never turn your back on incoming cargo. h. Stand clear of suspended or incoming cargo. i. Do not stand between incoming cargo and a fixed object. j. Secure cargo immediately. k. Never step into cargo nets. l. Know all emergency procedures, especially emergency breakaway. m. Do not smoke. n. Ensure supervisors are immediately informed of all damaged or broken equipment, including the conditions of lines. o. Ensure ship-to-ship phone talkers do not fasten phone straps around the neck. p. When passing lines: (1) When possible, use a line-throwing gun for initial line transfer. Ensure that a bolo line is available at each transfer station as a backup. (2) CVs/CVNs, LPDs, LHAs, LHDs, and ships configured for multiple air operations shall provide the shot line. (3) Send the bolo/shot line across only after being advised that the station on the receiving ship is ready.


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(4) Do not aim line-throwing guns and bolo lines to areas on the other ship that are under cover or where activities are obscured. (5) Direct all station personnel to take cover before indicating ready to receive the bolo/shot line. (6) Specified personnel shall retrieve the bolo/shot line only upon the order of the supervisor in charge of the station. q. Neatly fake or coil down all lines to avoid a tripping hazard. r. Stay clear of all lines, especially bights, unless directly engaged in their handling. Line handlers should always be inboard and forward of all lines, space permitting. s. Space permitting, keep at least six feet from any block or cleat through which lines pass. t. Use tag lines to control a load during hoisting and lowering. u. Secure cargo to prevent shifting. v. Ensure that all transfers of empty hooks are treated as full load transfers with the proper catenary maintained. w. Keep working areas clear of all dunnage and items that create a tripping hazard. x. When handling ammunition and guided missiles, use padding on decks, bulkheads, and gun mounts in the vicinity of the station. y. Raise loads only as high as necessary to clear obstructions. z. Do not overload hoist rigs. aa. Keep the bridge informed of any change affecting the readiness of the station to transfer. When reporting all lines clear, ensure that all lines are clear of the receiving ship. When reporting all lines on deck, ensure that no lines are


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trailing in the water but are in fact on board and clear of the ship's sides. ab. Do not step on or in cargo nets attached to a cargo hook.

________________________

CHAPTER C3

REFERENCES C3-1. Naval Warfare Publication (NWP) 4-01-4, Underway Replenishment C3-2. OPNAVINST 3500.39B C3-3. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) 077, Personnel Protection Equipment


CHAPTER C4

SMALL BOATS C0401. DISCUSSION a. The Navy uses several types of small boats. All can be used for emergency evacuation. b. The most dangerous operations involving small boats are the launching and retrieval of these boats. It is during these periods that human error and mechanical failure of boat davits and launching/retrieval machinery can occur, and when weather and sea state can have its worst effects. c. Unsafe contract liberty boats (water taxis) have contributed to the death and injury of Navy personnel. To reduce the hazards associated with these operations, contracts for these services shall specify a minimum level of safety and seaworthiness. In addition, commanding officers shall ensure that a knowledgeable officer inspects water taxis prior to their being placed in service and at least daily thereafter. Section C0405 provides guidance on these safety inspections. d. Complete an operational risk management (ORM) assessment before the evolution and mitigate risks as feasible. Reference C4-1 provides additional guidance on ORM. C0402. PRECAUTIONS FOR LAUNCHING AND RETRIEVAL Observe the following precautions: a. NEVER ENGAGE A CRANK WHEN HOISTING MOTOR IS ENERGIZED. b. Inspect all equipment before use, especially the condition of the boat falls, the machinery, and the boat itself. c. Conduct an operations and safety briefing. Ensure people riding the boat wear an authorized, securely fastened life preserver and a battle helmet with an unbuckled chinstrap or a safety helmet with the chinstrap fastened under the chin according to section 2 of reference C4-2. Personnel assigned to the boat handling station will dress out the same except they shall always fasten their chinstraps under the chin.


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d. Conduct a boat inspection. Inventory equipment; install bilge plug; remove ropes from bags; and check hoisting hook, rings, slings, and bales. e. Keep non-essential personnel away from the davit area. Do not stand under the boat during lowering or raising. f. Prepare davit to raise/lower the boat. Post a davit winch watch to monitor the spooling of the wire rope falls. g. Notify the bridge and raise/lower the boat slowly when cleared. Check that the sea painter is connected. h. Permit only required personnel to be in the boat during lowering or hoisting operations. These personnel shall hold on to the manropes when provided. Manropes shall be positioned to the outboard side of the boat. i. Release the stern hook first when launching from a two-point lift. j. Do not launch a boat when own ship's speed is greater than 5 knots. (Does not apply to rigid inflatable boats.) k. Do not hoist boats aboard ship or lower with water in the bilge in excess of that which the installed bilge pumps would normally remove. l. Properly secure lifting hook bails before a boat is raised or lowered. m. Be alert for any possible malfunctioning and act quickly if it occurs. Do not lower or raise the davit arms into the davit arm stops at full speed. Do not use limit switches as stop switches. n. When hoisting a motor whaleboat, rigid hull inflatable boat (RHIB), or other ship's boat with survivors embarked, only three crewmembers are required to be aboard: bowhook, sternhook, and coxswain. Other crewmembers should disembark by alternate means in deference to survivors prior to hoisting the boat. Although undesirable, when human life is in jeopardy and depending on operating conditions, the motor whaleboat, RHIB, or other ship's boat's limit on the number of people may be exceeded The boat and boat davit safety factors are sufficient to permit hoisting the motor whaleboat to the rail or deck edge when


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carrying the full capacity (see reference C4-3, section 5 for detailed guidance). However, under no circumstances shall the boat be swung in or out when carrying more than seven people. o. Before raising or lowering a boat, ensure all slings, bale shackles, and pins are seated and seized. C0403. SMALL BOAT FUELING a. If possible, fuel a boat in the daytime and while it is in the water with its engine stopped. Fueling a boat at night requires the permission of the officer of the deck. b. If it is necessary to fuel a boat in its shipboard stowage, provide adequate spill control and fire fighting equipment at the scene. Provide sufficient ventilation (for gasoline fueling, all electrical equipment must be approved for hazardous atmospheres) to ensure that any released vapors are swept overboard and are not allowed to accumulate inside the ship. c. DO NOT fuel boats with passengers on board. d. Prior to fueling, make a grounding and bonding connection between the fuel delivery pump and the fuel tank for gasoline propelled boats. e. Always keep gas cap in place when not fueling. f. Only personnel specifically authorized by the ship's engineer officer shall fuel small boats. g. Smoking or use of non-explosion-proof lights are not permitted in the vicinity of small boats while fueling operations are in progress. h. Before starting the engine, inspect compartments and bilges, clean, and ventilate as necessary. i. Ensure gasoline is stowed only in approved fuel containers, and returned to approved storage location upon completion of the fueling operation. j. Report, to the officer of the deck (OOD), any fuel or oil spills into navigable waters. Do not rinse, bail, or


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discharge anything from the small boat into navigable waters without the OOD's permission. k. Always use non-vented safety goggles when handling fuels. l. See reference C4-3 for additional requirements for small boat fueling at the boat stowage location. C0404. OPERATIONS a. Know and obey the "Rules of the Road." Especially important to boat coxswains is the "Rule of Good Seamanship," which requires that boats give way to ships and seaplanes. Boats should turn away from ships or seaplanes early and radically or show clearly their intentions not to embarrass the larger and less maneuverable vessels. b. Always post a bow lookout while underway. c. DO NOT cut close to ships anchored or tied up or pass close around the corner of a pier, except when such a procedure cannot be avoided. Coxswains must run slowly until there is no danger of collision with any boat or vessel that may be obscured. d. Boat Capacity

(1) Be familiar with and never exceed the designated personnel carrying capacity. Be able to calculate the load and regulate the number of personnel accordingly. While carrying stores, the load in pounds, including personnel and stores, shall never exceed the maximum allowable cargo load.

(2) Do not carry passengers, stores, or baggage topside

on motorboats. If it is necessary to carry stores or baggage, reduce the maximum number of passengers accordingly. Refer to reference C4-3 for detailed guidance. (3) Installation of flotation material shall not relieve operating personnel from exercising prudence in the loading of boats or providing of life preservers when conditions warrant. (4) In choppy seas, reduce capacity. The rated capacity designated on the label plate is the maximum capacity under normal weather conditions in calm waters. Always reduce capacity under extreme weather conditions or on the open sea.


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e. Always display proper lights while underway at night. f. DO NOT use gasoline to clean the engine or its parts. g. Keep bilges and sumps dry. h. Prohibit smoking or open flames. i. Never start the engine if excessive vapors are present. Check for leaks, damaged piping, and loose connections. Correct deficiencies. If a leak is observed during engine operation, stop the engine and correct the cause of the leak. j. Use PQS qualified boat officers in foul weather or reduced visibility or for long duration trips, first boat trips in foreign or unfamiliar ports, and when returning large liberty parties after sunset. k. Do Not operate the boat with a defective bilge pump. l. NEVER open the bow ramp of a landing craft while underway.

m. Ensure boats carry proper fog signaling equipment (refer to reference C4-3, section 6) and two 18-inch life rings, one forward and one aft. Life rings shall be secured in such a manner that they are easily broken out. n. For precautions on charging small boat batteries, see paragraph C0904. o. Ensure boat crewmembers wear authorized life preservers in accordance with section 2 of reference C4-2, under adverse weather conditions, including reduced visibility. p. Run boats dead slow when passing other boats that are alongside ships or landings, in narrow or crowded waters, and when passing deeply laden boats. q. Ensure that authorized life preservers according to section 2 of reference C4-2, are readily accessible in boats for all members of the crew and all passengers. Never allow the number of personnel in the boat to exceed the number of life preservers available.


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r. Do Not operate boats with enclosed engine rooms without the engineer being on board and on station, and then only when proper ventilation is assured. s. Ensure that boat fire extinguishers are in place and charged. t. Ensure that life preservers are always kept dry. u. Inspect the electrical system for loose connections and worn insulation before operating a boat and whenever damage to these systems is suspected. Do not operate the boat until corrective action is completed. v. Display lights per the “Rules of the Road” when underway between sunset and sunrise or in reduced visibility. (Refer to section 6 of reference C4-3 for guidance.) w. Ensure shackles and pins are used with anchors. Ensure hoisting slings or bales and steering cables are seized and/or cotter pins are in place. x. Boat Handling System (1) Be sure winch and davit safety and operating placards, lubrication charts, and test label plates are posted. Ensure winch controls, brake, clutch, and pawl handles are labeled to show function and direction of movement. (2) Always check the wire rope on the winch drum before operation to ensure the wire is properly spooled on the drum. (3) Except in an emergency, check limit switches for operability. (4) Ensure all turnbuckles used on boat gripes are marked to show the limit of tensioning. y. Ensure that only qualified (class II or above) swimmers are assigned as boat crew members. C0405. CONTRACT LIBERTY BOAT SAFETY a. Commanding officers shall ensure that husbanding agents and contractors provide contract liberty boats that are always


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manned with a minimum of one operator (coxswain) and two line handlers), operated safely, and secured to the pier or landing with a minimum of two mooring lines during embarkation and debarkation of passengers. Prior to being placed into service, a knowledgeable officer, acting for the commanding officer, shall inspect and approve all contract liberty boats (water taxis) for operational safety. (1) Ensure the navigation lights, lighted compass, distress signals, and a fog signal device are present and in working condition, and that the area charts are available and current. (2) Ensure that fire extinguishers are present in sufficient number for the size of the boat. (3) Verify that there is a working radio aboard, with backup battery, capable of bridge-to-bridge communications. (4) Inspect the anchor, anchor chain, and mooring lines for adequacy given the size of the vessel. (5) Verify that the weather deck drains are free from obstructions and drain overboard; not into the bilge. (6) Check engineering spaces/compartments for fire or flooding hazards. (7) Conduct a visual inspection topside for conditions which may be hazardous to passengers. (a) Ensure that the vessel is equipped with a sufficient number of clean and serviceable life preservers for the maximum capacity of the vessel. Life preservers must be stowed in a readily accessible place marked clearly in English. (b) Verify that decks, railings, doors and seats are structurally sound, latched, and tightened as appropriate. (c) Ensure that no bare or exposed electrical wires or connections are located in the passenger area. (d) Validate that a sufficient number of unobstructed exits are present and marked in English.


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(e) Verify that no loose gear, potential projectile hazards, or trip hazards exist. (8) Ensure the operator understands that the boat must be properly secured to the pier or landing with a minimum of two mooring lines before allowing passengers to embark or debark. b. It is impractical to establish detailed specifications for each and every inspection item. Inspectors must use their judgment and experience when advising the commanding officer of the overall safety of the contract water taxi. c. Any item missing that is critical to safety may be provided by the commanding officer for the duration of the contract boat services. Remember to return any such item at the expiration of the contract. In all cases where government furnished property is provided due to contractor's failure to meet the terms of the contract or the contractor's vessel is unsafe for use, the commanding officer shall immediately notify the contracting officer of the circumstances surrounding the deficiency(ies). If the contracting officer is not on site, notification shall be by message. d. Assign boat officers to the contract water taxis during hours of darkness, or low visibility, and heavy weather. Boat officers shall be PQS qualified by the ship and responsible for maintaining good order and discipline of naval personnel onboard. e. When boat officers are assigned to contract water taxis, they have the authority to not allow boarding when the water taxi's crew performance and navigation are unsatisfactory. Boat officers must ensure boats are securely moored to the pier or landing with a minimum of two mooring lines before allowing passengers to embark or debark. When weather conditions are determined to be unsafe, the boat officer has the authority to refuse to get underway.

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CHAPTER C4

REFERENCES C4-1. OPNAVINST 3500.39B C4-2. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) 077, Personnel Protection Equipment


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C4-3. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) 583, Boats and Small Craft


CHAPTER C5

WIRE AND FIBER ROPE C0501. DISCUSSION Ropes come in a multitude of types, quality, and sizes, each with its own characteristics. In general, there are two types of rope: fiber (natural and synthetic) and wire. When removed from a coil or reel, fiber ropes are generally referred to as lines. Wire is referred to as "wire rope" or "wire", but not "cable". Additionally, there is a fiber/wire hybrid known as "spring lay" rope. Spring lay rope is composed of six main strands laid around a fiber core. Each main strand consists of three preformed wire strands and three fiber strands laid alternatively around a fiber center. Each of these ropes has been developed to satisfy a specific requirement. They can be safely used, but must be properly maintained. Complete an operational risk management (ORM) review before any line handling evolution, and mitigate risks as feasible. Reference C5-1 contains additional guidance on ORM. C0502. GENERAL PRECAUTIONS a. Always inspect wires, ropes, and lines before use. Look for deterioration, broken wires or fibers, visible signs of rot, chafing, variations in color, crushing, or the other signs of damage. Refer to reference C5-2 for additional information on use, maintenance, and material requirements for ropes. b. Wear steel-toed safety shoes with skid-proof soles before handling lines. When handling lines, do not wear rings, watches, cell phones, pagers, key rings, and other items that may become entangled. c. Check all rollers, capstans, gypsy heads, and windlasses, to ensure they are operating satisfactorily. d. Avoid getting hands, feet, or clothing caught in bights formed by wires, ropes, or lines. e. Do not stand directly in line with the point where wires, ropes, or lines change direction (i.e., around a bitt, capstan, or through a block).


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f. Do not straddle or stand on chains, wires, ropes, or lines, whether under tension or not. g. Avoid placing wires, ropes, or lines on rough or sharp surfaces that can cause chafing or cutting. Use chafing gear. h. Do not place objects on wires, ropes, or lines. i. Ensure all kinks are out of wires, ropes, or lines before use. j. Check sheaves and blocks being used for proper size and strength. Do not use sheaves or blocks that are too small for the wire, rope, or line used. k. Listen to wires, ropes, and lines under tension. Any unusual popping or tearing noises may mean that the wire, rope, or line is in danger of failing. l. Always place hands above lines fairled into gypsy heads, capstans, or bitts. m. Do not lubricate lines. n. Do not apply loads suddenly. o. Never leave wires, ropes, or lines under strain on gypsy heads or capstans. p. Do not use sheaves or drums with corrugated grooves. q. Remove the loose ends of splices. r. Seize all bitter ends. s. Use the same type of material for stoppers as the hawser being held (e.g., synthetic stopper for synthetic line). Chain shall be used for stoppers on wire rope. t. Do not use manila, wire, spring-lay rope, or synthetic line together on the same chock, bitt, or reel. u. Do not permit rat guards and sharp edges to wear mooring lines. Use chafing gear and lash well.


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v. Change boat falls, highlines, and mooring lines in accordance with planned maintenance system (PMS) procedures. Failure to make such changes can result in serious injury. w. Make up wires, ropes, and lines not in use and stow clear of walkways and passages. x. Ensure wires, ropes, lines, and rigging are not subject to overload. y. Use steadying or frapping lines on boat falls and large lifts to prevent uncontrolled swinging or twisting. z. Refer to reference C5-2 for additional information on use, maintenance, and material requirements for wires, ropes, and lines. C0503. NATURAL LINES In addition to the precautions stated in paragraph C0502, also follow these precautions: a. Do not use natural lines in sheaves and blocks built for wire rope service. b. Never use manila lines five or more years old. c. Do not continue to use natural fiber line in which any of the following conditions are present: (1) Ruptured fibers and powdering between the strands. (2) Dark red, brown, or black spots between the strands, and a sour, musty or acidic odor. (3) Thirty percent of the yarns in the cross-section have been worn through. (4) Long jawed and distorted strand areas. (5) Salt incrustation and swollen areas. (6) A harsh, dry, dead feel in manila or sisal lines. (7) Evidence of gritty material between the strands.


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d. Store lines in cool, dry spaces. e. Fake lines down after use to dry out. f. Do not use frozen lines. g. Do not allow lines to come into contact with chemicals, acid, alkalis, paints, soaps, rust, or vegetable oils.

h. Do not drag lines over sand, grit areas, or non-skid decks. i. Do not let line wear become localized; rotate lines. j. Use chafing gear if necessary. k. Only use undamaged lines. Always remove damaged lines from use and repair or discard immediately. l. Do not use chain or wire stoppers on fiber lines. C0504. SYNTHETIC LINES In addition to the precautions in paragraph C0502, the following precautions shall be observed: a. Do not expose lines unnecessarily to heat, sunlight, excessive cold, or chemicals. b. Store nylon and polyester lines under cover or tightly wound on reels or on cleats during excessive cold. c. Install tattletale lines to gauge how far lines are stretching. d. Payout lines on cleats, bitts, or capstans slowly. Exercise extreme care when easing out synthetic lines under heavy load. Because of their high extendibility under load, their rapid recovery, and their low coefficient of friction, these ropes may slip suddenly on easing out, thereby causing injury to line handlers. For control in easing out or surging, take two round turns on the bitts and then apply one or two figure eight bends. No more than two figure eight bends shall be used. Because these bends tend to lock under surge, use of more than two figure eight bends will cause difficulty in easing out operations.


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e. Double up lines under excessive strain. f. Never use wire or chain stoppers on fiber lines. g. Stand clear of lines under strain. (The videotape "Synthetic Line Snapback" should be viewed for an appreciation of this phenomenon.) C0505. WIRE AND SPRING LAY ROPE In addition to paragraph C0502, the following precautions shall be observed: a. Always wear heavy-duty hand protection when handling wire and spring lay rope. b. Always wear eye protection while splicing. c. Seize wire ends to prevent unlaying. d. Store wire and spring lay rope away from weather, acid, and chemicals. e. Inspect wire and spring lay rope in accordance with PMS procedures. f. When using U-bolt clamps to form an eye, always put the U-bolt itself over the bitter end. Tighten clamps only after putting line under stress.

g. Only operate winches with more than two turns of wire on the drum. h. Do not use sheaves or blocks designed for use with fiber rope with wire rope. i. Inspect end fittings, such as sockets, connectors, and wire rope clips prior to use to determine if there is an area of break adjacent to the fitting. Tighten clips after the first hour of running and at PMS specified intervals thereafter. Remove clips after long use and examine rope for broken wires. Remove the damaged part, if broken wires are found, and make a new attachment.


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j. Inspect the bitter end of a wire on a drum to ensure it is properly attached.

k. Because spring lay is a combination of wire and fiber,

rules for the care of both wire and fiber rope apply. C0506. Cable Cleaner/Lubricator Many ships are now using the pollution prevention (P2) cable cleaner/lubricator to clean and grease wire rope. User instructions are provided with the equipment, and the following precautions shall be observed: a. Do not exceed the pressure rating of any of the system components. b. Check the hoses for damage and insure connections/fittings are secure prior to operation. c. Release all system pressure before any service or disassembly of the unit. d. Ensure chains or slings used are weight-tested or rated to withstand an initial line pull of 600 pounds. e. Ensure personnel are clear of the exit end of the lubrication collar during the lubrication process. f. Ensure that all shackles and fittings are tightened prior to operation. g. Do not run the system unless the airline lubricator has oil in it. h. Ensure personnel wear steel-toed shoes, eye and hand protection when handling the wire rope during the cleaning/lubricating. i. Dispose of any greasy rags or debris in accordance with the ship’s local hazmat instructions (e.g., turn in to the ship’s HAZMINCEN).


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________________

CHAPTER C5

REFERENCES C5-1. OPNAVINST 3500.39B C5-2. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) 613, Wire and Fiber


CHAPTER C6

GROUND TACKLE AND TOWING C0601. DISCUSSION a. Ground tackle is a general term used to refer to the anchor, anchor chain, the anchor windlass, and auxiliary equipment. Although this chapter discusses the gypsy head, additional information is provided under general line handling precautions in chapter C5. b. Personnel injury may result if any part of the anchor or its handling system fails when under strain. Precautions must be observed to avoid personnel injury or system damage resulting from excessive strain. c. Towing is an evolution, which is seldom accomplished except in an emergency or for training. Due to the large inertia associated with the ships involved in the evolution, it can be extremely hazardous particularly if excessive strain is placed on the towline and its parts. Refer to ship towing bill and reference C6-1. d. Complete an operational risk management (ORM) review before anchor handling or towing evolutions, and mitigate risks as feasible. Reference C6-1 contains additional guidance on ORM. C0602. GROUND TACKLE PRECAUTIONS a. All personnel shall wear snug fitting clothing, hand, eye and head protection, and steel toed safety shoes. b. Check equipment to ensure it is in proper operating condition. c. Ensure all equipment is lubricated and fluid levels are adequate. d. Keep hands or feet off of moving anchor chains. e. Beware of oily areas or ice on decks during cold weather. Clean up oil and spread salt and/or sand for ice. Keep decks clear of obstructions that may impede quick escape.


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f. Ensure proper communications to the bridge and the machinery spaces have been established prior to any evolution.

g. Only enter the chain locker when no anchor operations are planned and only with OOD permission. Chain lockers should be entered only when the ship is in port. Space must be certified as gas free before entry (see chapter B8). h. Check that the chain locker is clear and free for running before using the anchor. i. Allow only the anchor/line detail in the ground tackle area during operations. j. Set brake on windlass immediately when yellow painted chain link is visible. k. Never allow the chain to run free without braking. Excessive payout speed can cause loss of the anchor, or injury to personnel. l. Ensure anchor chain is securely fastened to the padeye in the chain locker when reinstalling the chain after painting. m. If using chain stoppers, set and clear the immediate area before strain is put on the chain. n. Always keep the hawser deck bolster pipe cover in place when not hoisting or letting go the anchor. o. When first red chain link appears on deck and the brake fails to hold, clear the immediate area. p. House anchor in hawse pipe shell bolster at the lowest possible speed. q. Operate windlass at a low speed whenever chain out exceeds 60 fathoms. r. If the chain tends around the stem, report the situation to the bridge. The chain must be allowed to run free or the sharp bend may damage links. Detachable links are particularly susceptible. s. Replace anchor chain if corrosion has reduced the mean diameter to less than the criteria in reference C6-2.


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t. Provide full body safety harnesses and safety lanyards for personnel assigned to lean over the side of the ship to hose down the anchor after hoisting. u. Windlasses (1) When at anchor, nothing shall interfere with the readiness to run, slip, or heave in the chain, or let go the spare anchor. (2) When using the gypsy head, observe the following safety precautions: (a) Never make a line fast to the gypsy head, but only to fittings provided for that purpose, such as cleats or bitts. (b) Disengage the wildcat shaft locking head and hold the wildcat by the brake. (3) When using the capstan, observe the following procedures and safety precautions: (a) Keep capstan heads free of gouges, paint, and rust. (b) When using the capstan for heaving, ensure turns are taken in the right direction for heaving. (c) Never make lines fast to capstans, but only to fittings provided for that purpose, such as cleats or bitts. (d) When handling lines on the capstan; when possible, position line handlers perpendicular to the line of pull. (4) Ensure operating, safety, and lubrication label placards and test label plates are posted on or in the vicinity of windlasses or capstans. (5) Ensure controls, brakes, and clutch levers are labeled properly. (6) Never place any part of the body into moving machinery.


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(7) Do not wear jewelry, neckties, cell phone, pagers, or loose fitting clothing while operating equipment.

(8) Wear proper protective clothing, eye and hearing protection, and equipment suited to the operation being performed. v. Ensure that windlass test label plate, safety and operating placards, lubrication chart, and a ground tackle safety placard are posted near each anchor windlass. C0603. TOWING PRECAUTIONS Personnel involved in towing operations must be thoroughly trained, disciplined, and equipped not only to perform routine duties, but also to react appropriately to unusual or non-routine situations. The officers and crew of vessels involved in towing operations routinely should conduct safety indoctrination lectures and exercises aimed at reducing unsafe conditions or practices and at reacting appropriately to unusual circumstances through professional knowledge of their duties and towing procedures. Consult reference C6-3 for detailed precautions based on the type of towing evolution.

CHAPTER C6

REFERENCES C6-1. OPNAVINST 3500.39B C6-2. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) 581, Anchors and Anchoring C6-3. U.S. Navy Towing Manual (SL 740-AA-MAN-010) (NOTAL)


CHAPTER C7

HELICOPTER OPERATIONS

C0701. DISCUSSION a. Helicopters are used for varied operations at sea, including anti-submarine warfare (ASW), vertical replenishment (VERTREP) and search and rescue (SAR). Helicopters create special hazards. Catastrophic mishaps can severely damage a ship and cause injury and/or death. b. Helicopter mishaps can happen at any time and can involve anything from a crash on takeoff or landing or can involve injury to ship’s personnel from numerous areas, such as static electricity discharge during hoisting evolutions, inadvertent external cargo release during VERTREP operations, or injury from debris blow about by rotor wash. c. These standards are written for all ships that are air-capable. d. Consult references C7-1 and C7-2 for further details concerning specific procedures and related safety procedures. e. Complete an operational risk management (ORM) review before any flight operations, and mitigate risks as feasible. Reference C7-3 provides additional guidance on ORM. C0702. PRECAUTIONS a. Avoid approaching within 50 feet of a helicopter when the rotor blades are turning, unless necessary. Whenever required to approach or leave a helicopter that has its blades rotating, remain in full view of the landing signalman, enlisted (LSE) and pilot and keep in a crouched position. Unless authorized, do not work in the area of the cockpit or cabin rearward while blades are rotating. Do not attempt to leave or approach a helicopter that is engaging or disengaging rotors. A crouched position with one side to the helicopter lowers the risk of being blown down or overboard by rotorwash. b. Always wear complete flight deck uniforms, including cranials with double hearing protection and wind/sun goggles, when required during flight quarters. Long sleeve shirts must be


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worn with sleeves rolled down at all times during flight operations. Personnel involved in flight deck operations including maintenance and refueling shall wear approved, non- sparking, safety shoes or boots with non-slip oil and fuel resistant soles. c. Remove soft hats topside during helicopter landing or take-off. d. Know the location and use of firefighting and lifesaving equipment. e. Prohibit garbage dumping during helicopter operations. f. Prohibit blowing tubes when helicopter is on or in close proximity to the flight deck. g. FOD is the acronym for "Foreign Object Damage." It defines any article or object which may be disturbed by the wind across the deck or rotor wash and may cause damage to personnel, aircraft, or equipment. Conduct a FOD walkdown on the weather decks and flight deck prior to flight operations. FOD prevention is an all-hands effort. Carry nothing to the flight deck that you do not actually use there, and take inventory of all you have brought before you leave the deck. Report any missing items immediately.

h. Secure all hatches that open into the helicopter operating area. Scuttles and hatches that open into the aircraft operating area will be posted with the following notice:

CAUTION: DO NOT OPEN DURING FLIGHT QUARTERS EXCEPT FOR

EMERGENCY EXIT. NOISE HAZARD AREA - HEARING PROTECTION REQUIRED.

i. During flight operations, permit only authorized personnel on the flight deck or weather areas adjacent to the flight deck. Personnel shall not stand in or otherwise block entrances to flight deck weather areas. j. Do not take flash photography during flight operations.

k. Night operations are always most hazardous for both pilots and flight deck crews. Reduce the tempo of flight


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operations in both volume and intensity when compared to day operations. Night operations are in effect from 30 minutes prior to sunset to 30 minutes after sunrise.

l. Flight operations and top side motor gasoline (MOGAS)

fueling operations shall not be conducted in close proximity.

m. Follow approved hazard of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance (HERO) emission control procedures in accordance with reference C7-4.

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CHAPTER C7

REFERENCES C7-1. Naval Warfare Publication (NWP) 3-04.1M/FMFM5-34, Shipboard Helicopter Operating Procedures C7-2. Naval Warfare Publication (NWP) 3-50-1, Navy Search and Rescue Manual C7-3. OPNAVINST 3500.39B C7-4. NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR 16-1-529/NAVELEX 0967-LP-624-6010, Electromagnetic Radiation Hazards (Hazards to Personnel, Fuel, and Other Flammable Material)


CHAPTER C8

WORKING OVER THE SIDE OR ALOFT; VERTICAL TRUNKS, DRY DOCK SAFETY C0801. DISCUSSION a. Since many areas on the exterior of a ship are inaccessible to the crew from decks or built-in work platforms, it becomes necessary to go "over the side" or "aloft" to reach these areas. "Over the side" shall be defined as anywhere outboard of the lifeline system. "Aloft" shall be defined as any mast, kingpost, or other structure where the potential for a fall exists. Access trunks, escape trunks, elevator trunks, dumbwaiter trunks and vertical pallet and package conveyor trunks are all vertical trunks were the potential for a fall exists. b. The greatest hazard associated with working over the side or aloft is the danger of a fall. Other hazards include the dropping of objects on (or by) personnel, asphyxiation, electrical shock and radiation burns from transmitting antenna or radar. c. When a ship is in dry dock, many of the precautions associated with working over the side or aloft must be followed. This chapter will discuss the hazards and precautions associated with this unique evolution. d. Personnel suspended in a man basket over the side by a crane are subject to electrical shock and burn hazards from voltage induced in the hoist wire from transmitting antenna and radar. When personnel are suspended over the side by a crane, all precautions listed in this chapter shall be taken. e. As a risk control measure, consider assigning a safety observer, whose only responsibility is safety, during any deck or seamanship evolution that could injure personnel or damage equipment. This safety observer should be knowledgeable in the proper performance of the evolution. Examples of deck evolutions include: operation of boat davits, rigging pilot and accommodation ladders, and handling lines. C0802. GENERAL PRECAUTIONS a. An appropriate check sheet shall be routed to the officer of the deck (OOD)/command duty officer (CDO) for


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permission for working over the side or aloft. OPNAV5100/23, Working Aloft Check Sheet is available at Navy Forms On-line, http://forms.daps.dla.mil. b. Wear a full body safety harness with safety lanyard, and tending line (as required) with double locking snap hooks. The harness shall be inspected in accordance with established planned maintenance system (PMS) prior to use. The lanyard length shall not exceed six feet or the distance from the work to six feet above the deck, whichever is shorter. c. When performing hot work, replace personal safety and staging/boatswain (bosun) chair fiber lines with wire rope. Personal safety lines shall be corrosion resistant steel (CRES) wire rope. d. Attach safety lanyards to all tools, if practicable. Never carry tools up and down ladders. Rig a line and raise/lower tools in a bucket. e. Stop work when the ship begins to roll in excess of 10 degrees, or the ship begins to pitch in excess of five degrees, or wind speed is greater than 30 knots, or in an ice storm or when lightning threatens. f. Ensure appropriate signal flags are hoisted. (KILO for personnel working aloft; KILO ONE is for personnel working over the side; KILO THREE is for personnel working aloft and over the side.) g. When underway or when working near stacks or exhausts that are actively discharging gases, the commanding officer's permission is required to work aloft or over the side. h. An experienced senior person shall check the rigging of the bosun chair or staging prior to use. Never rig lines over sharp edges. Inspect lines for damage, rot, and wear. i. The petty officer in charge shall mark off an area and keep unnecessary personnel clear. He or she shall also maintain a sharp lookout for anything that would cause an increase in ship's motion or drastic change in direction. Personnel must not work over the side during maneuvers with other ships because of the unpredictable nature of these evolutions.


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j. Read any safety placards (e.g., radio-frequency radiation warning signs) posted in the area prior to commencing work. k. Cranes used to suspend personnel over the side shall be certified and work platforms or man baskets shall be approved by COMNAVSEASYSCOM as safe for manned handling. Comply with the caution plates attached to the inside and outside of the man basket gate. Personnel suspended over the side by a crane are subject to radiation burn hazards from voltage induced in the hoist wire from transmitting antenna and precautions must be taken. C0803. PROCEDURES FOR WORKING OVER THE SIDE Complete OPNAV 5100/24, Working Over the Side Check Sheet, available at Navy Forms On-line, https://forms.daps.dla.mil, prior to commencing work over the side. C0804. PROCEDURES FOR PERSONNEL WORKING ALOFT Complete OPNAV 5100/23, Working Aloft Check Sheet, available at Navy Forms On-line, https://forms.daps.dla.mil prior to commencing work aloft. a. Do not go aloft on masts, macks, stacks, or kingposts or be suspended over the side by a crane without first obtaining written permission from the OOD in the form of a working aloft checklist as described in paragraph C0802. b. Wear the respiratory protection designated by the respiratory protection manager (RPM) when working near stacks or exhaust that are actively discharging gases. c. Wear a full body safety harness with a safety lanyard, and climber safety device when going aloft where a climber safety rail is installed. If a climber safety rail is not installed, use a double lanyard configuration. d. Prior to commencement of work and every 15 minutes thereafter, pass a verbal warning over the 1 MC, "DO NOT ROTATE ANTENNAS, ENERGIZE OR RADIATE ANY ELECTRICAL OR ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT WHILE PERSONNEL ARE WORKING ALOFT." If personnel aloft are in the vicinity of the stacks add, "DO NOT BLOW TUBES OR LIFT SAFETY VALVES WHILE PERSONNEL ARE WORKING ALOFT."


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e. Inform ships in the vicinity that personnel will be working aloft to ensure they take appropriate action on operation of electrical or electronic equipment. f. Departments concerned shall ensure that all radio transmitters and radars that pose radiation hazards are placed in the STANDBY position and a sign placed on the equipment that reads: "SECURED. PERSONNEL ALOFT. DATE_______ TIME_______ INITIALS________." g. Position a safety observer on deck near the work being performed. Outfit the safety observer with a full body safety harness, safety lanyards, and climber safety sleeve to permit rapid emergency assistance aloft if required. The safety observer shall keep the deck area beneath the work aloft free of unnecessary personnel. C0805. DRY DOCK SAFETY PRECAUTIONS a. Personnel working over the side while in dry dock shall comply with the precautions indicated in this chapter with the exception that life preservers are not required in dry docks without water. Personnel working over the side in drydock will normally be in a man basket with full body safety harness and

safety lanyard worn. On scaffolding with guard rails, a safety harness is not required. b. Ensure all staging is adequately constructed and supported. c. Only enter the dock with a hard hat, steel-toed safety shoes, and eye protection. d. Shift no weights within the ship while in dry dock without the permission of the docking officer. e. Ensure the ship is adequately grounded at all times. f. Drain all lines subject to freezing, in freezing weather. If frequent service is required, maintain a small flow through the line to prevent freezing. g. Ensure adequate topside lighting is provided by either installed dock lights or by temporary lighting, particularly in


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areas where normal passage is obstructed or disrupted by service lines or work in progress. h. Ensure that any equipment that projects through the hull is only operated with the permission of the commanding officer and then with a safety observer outside the hull. i. Do not throw anything over the side into the dock, including debris from cleaning or preservation. j. When carrying fuel of any kind in drydock, do not allow fuel to drain into the dock. Should it be necessary to remove fuel from tanks or receptacles while in drydock, take precautions that will prevent any of the fuel from reaching the floor of the dock. k. Safety nets shall be rigged extending a minimum of six feet on both sides under all access brows between the ship and the dock apron.

l. Do not permit horseplay, leaning on lifelines or other negligent practices leading to falling over the side. C0806. OPERATING AERIAL LIFTS a. Before an aerial lift operation begins, the operator shall: (1) Be qualified and licensed according to local instructions. (2) Read and understand the operating instructions and safety rules for the equipment being used. (3) Understand all decals, warnings, and instructions displayed on the work platform. (4) Send the OOD and commanding officer OPNAV 5100/23 and OPNAV 5100/24 to request permission to work over the side or aloft. Copies of these check sheets are available at Navy Forms On-line, https://forms.daps.dla.mil. (5) Inspect the lift for defects that would affect its safe operation. Be alert for cracked welds or other structural defects, leaks in the hydraulics, damaged control cables, loose wires, and bad tires.


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(6) Test the operating controls to make sure they work, check the operating condition of the brakes, lights and other automotive-operating accessories, such as the horn and warning devices. Test all limit switches. b. Lift operators observe these rules when working on, around, or over water: (1) Wear inherently buoyant life preservers. Attach the safety lanyard to a staple or pad-eye inside the man basket. Do not attach safety harnesses or lanyards to the lift. Don’t attach lanyards while over water. (2) Ensure a paint punt is in the water near the lift operations (for rescue purposes). (3) When using a lift on a barge, secure it to the barge with wire or tie-down. (4) Do not alter or disable safety devices or interlocks. (5) Make sure a supervisor watches lift operations from the pier. (6) When personnel are working on a ship's sides, the supervisor must ensure the deck above the lift is free from hazards, especially falling objects. (7) Wear hard hats with chin straps. c. Before each elevation, the operator shall:

(1) Check for overhead obstructions and high-voltage conductors. (2) Elevate the work platform on only a firm, level surface. (3) Make sure the load and its distribution on the platform is according to the manufacturer's rated capacity. Never exceed the manufacturer's rated workload. (4) Use the outriggers or stabilizers, if required, according to the manufacturer's instruction.


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(5) Make sure guardrails on the platform are installed correctly and the gates or openings are closed. (6) Check all occupants' harnesses and lanyards, making sure they are attached properly to a staple or padeye inside the man basket. Don't attach lanyards to objects outside the basket. d. Before and while driving with the lift elevated, the operator shall: (1) Look in the direction of, and keep a clear view of the path of travel. Make sure the path is firm and level. (2) Maintain a safe distance from obstacles (ahead, behind, below, and above), debris, drop-offs, holes, depressions, ramps, and other hazards. (3) Set the brakes and chock the wheels once stopped. e. While using the lift, the operator shall not: (1) Use ladders or makeshift devices on the platform to obtain greater height. Such practices are prohibited. (2) Climb up or down extendible arms. (3) Sit on or climb on the edge of the basket. (4) Delay reporting any defects or malfunctions to the supervisor. (5) Engage in stunt driving or horseplay. C0807. PROCEDURES FOR WORKING IN VERTICAL TRUNKS Complete OPNAV 5100/25, Working in Vertical Trunk Check Sheet, prior to commencing work in an elevator, dumbwaiter or conveyor trunk. This check sheet is available at Navy Forms On-line, https://forms.daps.dla.mil.

a. Personnel working in vertical trunks shall comply with the precautions indicated in this chapter with the exception that life preservers are not required. On scaffolding with guardrails a safety harness is not required.


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b. Ensure all staging is correctly constructed and supported.

c. When replacing access trunk safety nets and staging has

not been installed, work from below the net and attach the safety lanyard to a safety net staple.

d. Where elevator or dumbwaiter guardrails are not

installed or available, safety lanyards shall be attached to the platform tie down fitting farthest away from the side of the trunk where work is being performed.

e. Personnel are prohibited from riding on the platform of

cargo/weapons elevators in motion unless permission is obtained from the commanding officer, or his designee. If movement of an elevator platform cannot be avoided during maintenance, the following precautions shall be taken: (1) Establish effective communication between all personnel before any platform movement.

(2) The preferred method of moving the platform is with the hoist motor de-energized and tagged out, manually releasing the brake.

(3) If releasing the brake will not allow proper positioning of the platform, jogging the platform in only the down direction is the next preferred alternative.

(4) If jogging down will not permit proper positioning of the platform, only as a last resort, the platform may be jogged in the up direction. This movement puts personnel at the greatest risk and should be avoided if at all possible.

____________

CHAPTER C8

REFERENCES

C8-1. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) 772, Cargo and Weapons Elevators C8-2. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) 572, Shipboard Stores and Provision Handling


CHAPTER C9

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC SAFETY AND TAG-OUT PRECAUTIONS C0901. DISCUSSION Practically every piece of equipment on board ship requires electrical power. Radars, communication equipment, gun mounts, as well as lighting, portable tools, and personal equipment all use power from the ship. With electrical equipment and tools so commonplace, hazards involved with electricity are often taken for granted. Electrical shock is commonplace ashore, where the extra shipboard hazards of high-powered equipment, unstable work spaces, and saltwater are usually non-existent. Compared to other environments, the potential for electrical shock aboard ship is increased. Although ships' electrical/electronic systems are ungrounded, personnel and equipment may easily become a path to ground in cases of faulty wiring, resulting in injury or death or damage to equipment. C0902. DEFINITIONS

a. "Electrical equipment" shall include generators, electrically powered machinery and mechanisms, power cables, controllers, transformers, and associated equipment.

b. "Electronic equipment" shall include radars, sonars, radios, power amplifiers, antennas, electronic warfare equipment, computers, and associated controls and peripherals. C0903. ELECTRICAL PRECAUTIONS a. General Precautions for Portable Electrical Equipment. Portable electrical equipment is any device that may be plugged into the ship’s electrical power. All personnel using portable electrical tools shall: (1) Wear electrical safety gloves when using electric portable tools in hazardous conditions, such as wet decks or bilge areas. (2) Wear leather gloves over electrical safety gloves when the work being done could damage the rubber gloves.


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(3) Conduct the required PMS on electrical safety gloves before issue/use. Inspect electrical safety gloves prior to storage and store them so they are protected from damage. Do not use electrical safety gloves for cleaning, painting, or any purpose other than electrical work. (4) Wear required eye protection when working where particles may strike the eyes. (5) Wear hearing protection (earplugs and/or circamaural muffs) when working with noise hazardous tools or in the area where such work is being conducted. (6) Not use spliced cables on tool cords or extension cords. (7) Not use any portable equipment that has a frayed cord or broken/damaged plug. (8) Make sure that the on/off switch is in the "off" position prior to inserting/removing the plug from the energized receptacle. (9) Always connect the cord of portable electrical equipment into the extension cord before the extension cord is inserted into an energized receptacle. (10) Always unplug the extension cord from an energized receptacle before the cord of the portable electrical equipment is unplugged from the extension cord. (11) Arrange the cords so that they will not create a trip hazard. (12) Never pick up the tool by the electrical cord. (13) When drilling/cutting through bulkheads, check the opposite side for cables and pipes. (14) Only use electric equipment in explosive atmospheres including gasoline hazard areas if the equipment is approved for such use (explosion proof or intrinsically safe). (15) Not allow cords to run through hatches, chemicals, scuttles, or watertight doors or over sharp objects or hot surfaces.


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(16) Not join more than two 25-foot extension cords together. (17) When it is necessary to run electrical leads through doors or hatches, protect the cord to guard against accidental closing of the door or hatch.

(18) Return portable electrical power tools, drop cords, and extension cords to the proper location at the end of the operation or workday to prevent damage to the equipment.

(19) Visually inspect portable cables for any signs of an unsatisfactory condition, such as tears, chafing, exposed insulated conductors, and damaged plugs and receptacles. Cables shall be of the proper length and cross-sectional area.

(20) Use only COMNAVSEASYSCOM-authorized extension or trouble lights for shipboard use to eliminate or drastically reduce the many hazards associated with the use of unauthorized commercial grade lights. The approved lights most frequently used aboard ships are:

(a) A caged, 100-watt incandescent bulb equipped with 50-foot, three conductor cable for use as a general multi-purpose extension light, NSN 9G 6230-00-701-2947. (b) A small four-watt fluorescent tube for servicing electronic equipment. This light is of all plastic construction with no outside conductive surfaces. It is intended for use in open electronic equipment areas only. It is not explosion-proof and is not acceptable for use in hazardous atmospheres. b. Do not touch a conductor, until it is properly tagged out of service and tested, to be sure it is de-energized or discharged. c. Obey all warning signs; read equipment warning labels before use. d. Never work on live (energized) electrical equipment without the commanding officer's permission and only per paragraph B0705 of this manual. e. Always de-energize and "tag-out" with red "DANGER, DO NOT OPERATE" tags, installed electrical equipment before starting


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any maintenance or repair. Test for energized circuits per reference C9-1. f. Do not energize any electrical equipment that is danger tagged-out. Properly clear the tag first. If a caution tag is installed, ensure compliance with caution prior to energizing equipment. g. Only use authorized equipment to perform maintenance on electrical equipment. Ground all metal-cased electrical equipment, except power tools verified to be double-insulated on the label and by electrical safety check. h. Close all fuse boxes, junction boxes, switch boxes, and wiring accessories. i. Use the one-hand rule when turning on electrical equipment. Never operate a switch with the other hand on a metal surface, which would provide a path to ground through the body. j. Never use outlets that appear to be burnt or damaged. Do not use equipment with worn or damaged cords, or crushed or damaged plugs. They are not to be patched with electrical tape. Turn in such items immediately to electrical tool issue, informing them of the problem. k. Ensure that "dead-man" switches work properly when installed. l. Use an authorized voltage indicator to test whether equipment or circuits are energized. m. Never remove overload relays except for replacement or preventive maintenance. n. Never rewire bunk fans or lights or use bunk light wiring to install receptacles or other electrical equipment. Do not use non-government owned, personal, or contractor’s electrical equipment, extension cords, tools, or lights without the commanding officer’s permission. o. Only install fuses of the rating specified on a fuse box or panel. Do not over-fuse. Identify fuse panels that are missing fuse-rating labels.


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p. Do not connect single-phase 115v mobile equipment, permanently located and energized more than 50 percent of the time (copiers, personal computers and their peripherals, vending machines, and money machines) to the ship's isolated receptacle circuits. Connecting this equipment to the ship's isolated receptacle circuits may overload the circuits, resulting in fire hazards. Connect equipment of this type to a separate single-phase circuit through an isolation transformer supplied by the lighting distribution system. See reference C9-1 for temporary modifications to power such mobile equipment. q. Do not use aluminum or metal portable ladders when working on electrical equipment.

r. Use only Navy-approved power strips for computer equipment, printers, and peripherals. Never use power strips in series (connected one to another).

s. Wear skin and eye protection when changing out battle lantern batteries. C0904. WET CELL BATTERIES

a. The charging of wet cell batteries will produce hydrogen gas that may be ignited causing fire and explosion. Verify that wet cell battery compartments, which have been sealed, are first opened and well ventilated before entering, turning on any lights, making or breaking any electrical connections, or doing any work in the compartment. Verify that the ventilating apparatus of a wet cell battery compartment is running properly before starting to charge wet cell batteries, and that the exhaust ventilation interlock with the charger is operable. Keep the wet cell battery storage area or compartment well-ventilated during charging. Ensure that battery charging circuit ventilation fans are interlocked so that if power is lost to the fans, the battery charger turns off.

b. While wet cell battery charging is in progress, post a warning placard at the access to the wet cell battery storage area or compartment that reads:

CAUTION: WET CELL BATTERY CHARGING IN PROGRESS.

c. Prohibit smoking in the charging area.


C9-6

d. Prevent open flames, sparks, or electric arcs in wet cell battery charging areas.

e. Keep uninsulated tools and other metallic objects away from the top of uncovered wet cell batteries. When using tools around a wet cell battery, do not allow tools to bridge the wet cell battery terminals or short circuit any part of the wet cell battery. Only tools with insulated handles shall be used on the wet cell battery.

f. During normal use, keep cell service openings closed except when they must be opened to take readings or add water. When charging wet cell batteries, completely unscrew the wet cell battery cap, but leave the cap in place on top of the service opening. This will allow hydrogen gas, which is formed during the charging process, to escape but will minimize the release of acid or alkaline mist into the shop atmosphere. NOTE: This is not applicable to maintenance-free, sealed batteries.

g. Keep cell tops clean.

h. Never stow loose gear in the wet cell battery compartment. Gear such as cleaning rags, hydrometer boxes, pieces of wire, and tools must be removed immediately after use.

i. Charge a wet cell battery only at the rate stated on its nameplate. Never charge a wet cell battery at a higher finishing rate than that stated on its nameplate.

j. When charging several wet cell batteries at once, ensure the voltage of the charging line exceeds the total voltage of all the wet cell batteries being charged, but that the charging rate in amperes does not exceed the maximum charging rate of the wet cell battery in the line having the lowest ampere-hour capacity.

k. Do not operate wet cell batteries above 52oC (126oF). When charging wet cell batteries, lower the charging rate immediately if wet cell battery reaches 52oC (126oF) or emits gas.

l. When charging wet cell batteries, keep compartment

temperature below 36oC (97oF), if possible.

m. While current is flowing in the charging line, do not attempt to repair the connections of any wet cell battery or


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connect/disconnect wet cell batteries from the line. Turn current off before attempting any of these procedures.

n. For lead acid batteries (not applicable to maintenance-free or sealed batteries): (1) Do not add acid of specific gravity greater than 1.350 to a wet cell battery. (2) Water added to a wet cell battery must be pure distilled water. Never add salt water to a wet cell battery or use salt water to wash out wet cell battery components. Salt water added to a wet cell battery will evolve extremely toxic chlorine gas. (3) Do not pour water into concentrated sulfuric acid. The heat generated will cause a violent reaction. Sulfuric acid is highly corrosive. Wash up spillage with water and sodium bicarbonate. When handling acid or electrolyte, always wear personal protective equipment (PPE) consisting of a rubber apron, rubber boots, rubber gloves, chemical splash goggles, and a face shield. Store and dispose of battery acid in accordance with local hazardous material procedures.

o. Do not connect or disconnect batteries in compartments that may contain gasoline vapors. In any use of wet cell batteries, verify that all connections are tight to prevent loose connections that may cause sparks.

p. When wet cell batteries are used with one terminal grounded, always disconnect the grounded terminal first when replacing wet cell battery. C0905. LITHIUM AND MERCURY BATTERIES:

a. Lithium batteries shall not be used aboard ship without specific approval of COMNAVSEASYSCOM, and in accordance with reference C9-2.

b. Primary batteries, especially mercury and lithium batteries, shall never be punctured, incinerated or recharged.

c. Dispose of mercury and lithium batteries in accordance with reference C9-3 and local hazardous material disposal procedures.


C9-8

d. Turn the battery switch off when battery-driven equipment is not in use or battery charge becomes insufficient to operate equipment. Remove batteries from any equipment that is to be stored or shipped. Cover removed battery terminals with insulating material to prevent short circuits. In the case of equipment powered by dry batteries, remove batteries if equipment is to remain idle for 2 weeks or more. These batteries should be scrapped or stored.

e. Store batteries in an adequately ventilated and cool

fireproof area. f. Ensure alkaline batteries and equipment are segregated

from lead acid batteries and equipment.

g. The B section of the Navy type 19026 battery can deliver an extremely serious or fatal shock. Avoid contacting the terminals of this high voltage battery. C0906. ELECTRICAL FIRES

a. For electrical firefighting procedures see reference C9-

41.

b. Battery Fires:

(1) A battery fire is nearly always preceded by an explosion. Great care is required fighting such a fire to avoid creating another explosion.

(2) The safest and most effective method for fighting a battery compartment fire is through oxygen starvation. Secure the compartment and stop all ventilation within, including agitation air, to deprive flames of oxygen.

WARNING

NEVER ATTEMPT TO EXTINGUISH A BATTERY FIRE BY POURING WATER ON THE BATTERY. THE HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN GENERATED BY ELECTROLYSIS COULD PRODUCE A VIOLENT EXPLOSION.

c. Electrical Fire Prevention:

(1) Keep electric motors and generators clean.


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(2) Ensure proper maintenance is performed on electrical equipment (i.e., motors, generators, bearings, and filters).

(3) Report overheating or arcing electrical equipment.

(4) Keep air filters clean.

(5) Do not overfuse. C0907. FIRST AID FOR ELECTRICAL SHOCK

a. Fundamentally, electrical current rather than voltage is the criterion of shock intensity. The passage of even a very small current through a vital part of the human body can cause death. The voltage necessary to produce the fatal current is dependent upon the resistance of the body, contact conditions, the path through the body, etc.

b. It is imperative to recognize that the resistance of the human body cannot be relied upon to prevent a fatal shock from 115 volts or even lower voltage; fatalities from as low as 30 volts have been recorded. Tests have shown that body resistance under unfavorable conditions may be as low as 300 ohms and possibly as low as 100 ohms from temple to temple if the skin is broken. Volt for volt, DC potentials are normally not as dangerous as AC as evidenced from the fact that reasonably safe "let-go currents" for 60 hertz alternating current is 9.0 milliamperes for men and 6.0 milliamperes for women while the corresponding values for direct current are 62.0 milliamperes for men and 41.0 milliamperes for women.

(1) Electrical Shock Symptoms. In the event of severe electrical shock, the victim could become very pale or "bluish." His/her pulse is extremely weak or entirely absent, unconsciousness is complete, and burns are usually present. The victim's body may become rigid or stiff in a few minutes. This condition can be caused by muscular reaction to shock, and it should not be considered as rigor mortis. Therefore, artificial respiration shall be administered immediately, regardless of body stiffness, as recovery from such a state has been reported. Consequently, the appearance of rigor mortis shall not be accepted as a positive sign of death.

(2) Victim Rescue. The rescue of electrical shock victims is dependent upon prompt administration of first aid.


C9-10

All electronic and electrically-trained personnel shall be trained annually in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) procedures by an instructor certified by an authorized agency, such as the American Red Cross or the American Heart Association.

CAUTION

Do not attempt to administer first aid or come in physical contact with an electrical shock victim before the power is shut off, or, if the power cannot be shut off immediately, before the victim has been removed from the live conductor.

(3) When attempting to administer first aid to an

electrical shock victim, proceed as follows:

(a) Shut off the power.

(b) If the power cannot be deactivated, per step (a), remove the victim immediately, observing the following precautions.

1. Protect yourself with dry insulating material.

2. Use a dry board, belt, dry clothing, or other available non-conductive material to free the victim (by pulling, pushing, or rolling) from the power-carrying object. DO NOT TOUCH the victim. (c) Immediately after removal of the victim from the power-carrying object, administer CPR.

(d) When providing first aid measures, take into account any possible spinal injuries or fractures.

C0908. ELECTRONIC PRECAUTIONS

a. Definitions (1) Repair. Removal or replacement, by any method, of any component, subassembly, module, circuit card, or conductor to bring malfunctioning equipment back to an operational status.


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(2) Corrective maintenance. Alignment, adjustment, tuning, or trouble shooting of malfunctioning equipment per published maintenance or technical manual procedure.

(3) Preventive maintenance. Alignment, adjustment,

tuning, or testing of operational equipment to ensure performance within published maintenance card or technical manual procedures.

b. Repair of electronic equipment is normally accomplished with the circuit de-energized. Every effort should be made to avoid making repairs to energized equipment. DO NOT repair energized electronic equipment unless you are using approved procedures from technical manuals or other documentation, or an emergency condition exists and the commanding officer has granted permission to perform such repair. In such an emergency, trained personnel shall accomplish the repair of energized circuits and an experienced technician or officer shall supervise. Electronic repair personnel should observe the safety precautions in section 3-4 of reference C9-5.

c. Corrective maintenance on energized electronic equipment is authorized when done according to published maintenance or technical manual procedures. Freelance corrective maintenance (i.e., without a published procedure) on energized electronic equipment shall be performed ONLY with the specific permission of the commanding officer.

d. Preventive maintenance on energized electronic equipment is authorized when it is according to a published maintenance requirement card or technical manual procedures.

e. Perform preventive or corrective maintenance on energized electronic equipment only when duly authorized and trained on that type of equipment.

f. Whenever work on energized electronic equipment exposes the technician to 30 volts or greater the following precautions shall be adhered to:

(1) Study the applicable schematic and wiring diagrams before servicing.

(2) Research into or enter energized electronic equipment enclosure for the purpose of servicing or adjusting only when prescribed by applicable technical manuals, maintenance requirement card, or other approved documentation.


C9-12

(3) Obtain the commanding officer's permission whenever

work on energized electronic equipment deviates from published corrective or preventive maintenance procedures.

(4) Station a safety observer capable of securing power

and rendering adequate aid in the event of an emergency.

(5) Provide warning signs and suitable guards to prevent personnel from coming in accidental contact with dangerous voltage.

(6) Obey all warning signs and heed all equipment warning labels.

(7)Insulate the work from ground with approved electrical grade rubber matting. Installation requirements for electrical grade matting are contained in reference C9-6.

(8)Remove or snugly secure any loose clothing. Remove all jewelry.

(9) Insulate all metal tools.

(10) Use only one hand, if practical, in accomplishing

the work.

(11) Wear electrical safety gloves on both hands, if possible. If the nature of the work is too cumbersome to wear gloves on both hands, then a glove shall be worn on the non-working hand.

g. Reaching into de-energized equipment also requires special care and precaution.

(1) Study the applicable schematic and wiring diagrams before servicing.

(2) Ensure you are familiar with all circuits that must be

de-energized and all voltage storing and high voltage components.

(3) Discharge all voltage storing components with an approved shorting probe.

(4) Do not touch a conductor or electronic component unless you have proven it to be de-energized by using a known good voltage tester.


C9-13

h. Removal of a unit or part from the normal location within

an assembly and the energizing of the unit or part, while it is outside the normal enclosure, removes the protective features such as interlocks, grounded, and enclosures. These safety features may then no longer function as designed. Ground the chassis and frame of all units removed for servicing and ground all circuits normally grounded in operation whenever power is applied to the unit.

i. Do not energize any equipment that is danger tagged-out. Properly clear the tag-out first. If a new caution tag is installed, ensure compliance with the caution before energizing equipment.

j. Never defeat an interlock or built-in safety device. Modify such safeguard circuits only as authorized by the cognizant system command.

k. Refer to references C9-1 and C9-5, Chapter 3, for

additional precautions regarding electric systems. C0909. ELECTRICALLY AND ELECTRONICALLY SAFE WORK BENCHES Electrical and electronic work benches shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with appendix H of reference C9-1. a. Workbenches used to work on energized electrical and electronic equipment must be insulated on the top working surface and below to reduce shock hazard to personnel. b. All exposed metal on the work bench, including drawer fronts, shall be insulated per appendix H of reference C9-1. Any adjacent metal, such as filing cabinets or bulkheads which could be contacted by the person working at the workbench shall be insulated. c. Workbenches shall be grounded to the hull and have equipment grounding leads. d. The deck in front of the workbench shall be covered with electrical grade matting, MIL-M-15662, type 1, per reference C9-6. e. A quick disconnect push-button switch (or switches for large spaces) to secure power to the workbench shall be installed in a visible location, readily accessible, and clearly identified,


C9-14

48 to 54 inches above the deck, and within a red painted target, and labeled with a sign stating “FOR EMERGENCY USE ONLY. WORKBENCH DISCONNECT SWITCH.” f. In large spaces, all disconnect switches shall be interlocked so activation of one secures all power to all benches. g. Each workbench shall be labeled with a sign indicating if it is or is not electrically safe. h. Signs on the rescue of personnel in contact with energized circuits, and CPR placards shall be posted near or adjacent to each workbench. C0910. TAG-OUT Tagging-out of electrical or electronic energy sources shall be conducted in accordance with reference C9-7.

___________________

CHAPTER C9

REFERENCES

C9-1. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) 300, Electrical Plant - General C9-2. NAVSEA S9310-AQ-SAF-010, Technical Manual for Batteries, Navy Lithium Battery Safety Program Responsibilities and Procedures C9-3. OPNAVINST 5090.1B C9-4. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) 555, Volume 1, Surface Ship Firefighting C9-5. NAVSEA SE 000-00-EIM-100, Electronics Installation and Maintenance Book (EIMB), General Handbook C9-6. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) 634, Deck Coverings C9-7. NAVSEA S0400-AD-URM-010, Tag-Out Users Manual (TUM) (NOTAL)


CHAPTER C10

SHIPBOARD FUELS C1001. DISCUSSION a. Fuels are used to power the ship, emergency auxiliary equipment, aircraft, vehicles, small boats, and a multitude of smaller pieces of machinery. There are several types of fuels in use, each with its own characteristics and traits. It is impossible to cover all the scenarios that can occur with ship-board fuels; however, this chapter will cover the main points. b. The biggest hazard with shipboard fuels is explosion and fire. Other hazards include asphyxiation, body burns, eye and respiratory difficulties, and environmental hazards. Due to the incredible impact a shipboard explosion and fire would have, the possibility that a catastrophe could occur should constantly be in the minds of all personnel, especially those involved in fuel storage and transfer operations. c. Complete an operational risk management (ORM) review before refueling operations and mitigate risks, as feasible. Reference C10-1 contains additional guidance on ORM. C1002. DEFINITIONS

a. Hazardous areas are locations where hazardous vapors (whether physical or health hazard) could accumulate.

b. Gasoline hazard areas (GHAs) are those areas where gasoline vapors may be present in quantities sufficient to produce explosive or ignitable mixtures. This includes gasoline stowage, handling, and transfer areas, gasoline pump rooms, spaces connected to GHA by common ventilation, and up to 15 feet away horizontally from an open GHA.

c. Class I flammable liquids are fuels and other liquids with a flashpoint of 100 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees centigrade) or less as defined by reference C10-2 and C10-3. Class I flammable liquids in contact with air will release flammable vapors under most typical shipboard conditions.


C10-2

C1003. PRECAUTIONS a. Never smoke in fuel storage or transfer areas. b. Prohibit any open flames, hot work, or the use of non-explosion-proof fixtures or equipment near fuel storage or transfer areas. Fluorescent fixtures are permitted in areas in which JP-5 or F-76 fuel is handled. c. Ensure forced ventilation is in operation during fuel transfers. d. When working in motor gasoline (MOGAS) tanks, do not wear, and do not allow others to wear, shoes with steel clips, metal key chains, metal belt buckles, pagers, cell phones, buttons made out of spark producing material, or clothes made of static generating material such as wool, silk, nylon, or Nomex®. e. Always ventilate fuel tanks and obtain gas free engineer's certification before entering. f. Never enter a tank to aid an unconscious crewmember without proper emergency breathing apparatus, such as an self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), and a back-up person standing by. The back-up person shall also be equipped with the proper emergency breathing apparatus. g. Detect leaks and make immediate repairs in all fuel systems. Report and clean up pools of leaked or spilled fuel immediately using appropriate hazardous material (HM) or oil spill cleanup equipment and procedures. Dispose of fuel contaminated rags and materials as directed by the ship’s hazardous material (HM) coordinator. h. Inspect tanks, piping, cargo hoses, pumps, and communication equipment before transferring fuel. Ensure a drip pan is under all transfer hose connections and that gaskets are in place in hose joints and couplings. i. Store oily wastes and rags in an approved container and empty it daily in accordance with local hazardous material procedures. j. Do not discharge fuel or oily wastes over the side. Do not allow spilled fuel or oily wastes to go over the side. Use


C10-3

rags or absorbent materials to stop running fuel and report the spill immediately to your supervisor. k. Avoid excessive contact with fuel(s). Remove fuel soaked clothing and thoroughly wash exposed skin after incidental contact. Personnel who suspect that they have injected or inhaled fuel, or are having a skin reaction to fuel contact, should immediately seek medical attention. l. Wear eye protection and use respiratory protection if required by the respiratory protection manager (RPM). m. When in canisters or drums, flammable fuels shall be placed on the weather deck if no flammable storeroom is provided. Gasoline storage shall be in remotely jettisonable racks on the weather decks. Do not store near heat sources or near ventilation intakes. n. Close hatches, doors, and ports in vicinity of tank vents while transferring fuel. o. During refueling, close and secure all portholes on the engaged side of the ship. Place oil or fuel absorbent materials at deck edge openings and scuppers to prevent spills from running over the side.

p. Ensure exhaust ventilation and gas detection systems are operational in enclosed spaces used for storage, use or handling of low flashpoint liquids (such as gasoline) prior to entering. Any work in these spaces shall include a dedicated fire watch equipped with a charged potassium bicarbonate dry powder (PKP) portable fire extinguisher or equivalent. See reference C10-4 for ventilation and detection systems details.

q. Ignition sources are prohibited in hazardous areas

containing class I flammable liquids and flammable gases. This includes smoking, open flames, spark producing tools, hot work, electrostatic discharges, and non-approved electrical equipment and components (e.g., explosion-proof or intrinsically safe).


C10-4

____________________

CHAPTER C10

REFERENCES C10-1. OPNAVINST 3500.39B C10-2. 29 CFR 1910.1200, Hazardous Communication Standard C10-3. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code C10-4. Naval Ship’s Technical Manual (NSTM) 542, Ventilation and Detection Systems


CHAPTER C11

WELDING, CUTTING, BRAZING, AND HOT WORK C1101. DISCUSSION

a. The convenience of metal arc and gas welding and cutting lies largely in the fact that the equipment can be taken to the job. This convenience leads to the performance of construction or repair jobs in locations that have not been designed for such concentrated heat, or mixtures of toxic or explosive gases. The failure to take proper precautions, during welding or cutting operations in such spaces, presents a serious fire, explosion, electric shock, and health hazard.

b. Health hazards common to welding, cutting, and brazing are numerous. In addition to electric shock, burns to the eyes and skin can be caused by sparks, molten metal, and ultraviolet and infrared radiation. Fumes and gases generated by welding can produce ozone and oxides of nitrogen which are poisonous. Lead, zinc, chrome, and cadmium in alloys (strips or wire in coils or rods)produce toxic fumes. Paints and coatings may produce toxic gases when heated by the flames of the welding torch. Additionally, some metal fumes are capable of producing metal-fume fever. Local exhaust ventilation is a must to remove excessive concentrations of air contaminants. Welding in closed, unventilated spaces can result in respiratory irritation or poisoning of personnel.

c. Hot work includes:

(1) Flame heating, welding, torch cutting, brazing, or carbon arc gouging. (2) Any operation which produces temperatures of 400 degrees Fahrenheit or higher.

NOTE:

Operations not producing hot sparks or flames such as spark-producing or arc producing tools or equipment, static discharge, friction, open flames or embers, impact, and non-explosion-proof equipment such as lights, fixtures, or motors are not considered hot work unless


C11-2

occurring in the presence of flammable liquids or in a flammable atmosphere. d. Hot work is divided into two classes where only class alpha

materials, such as ordinary combustibles (wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and many plastics) are exposed. These classes are:

(1) Class I. These processes produce either high energy sparks or slag that can be thrown or dropped at the work site or produce heat that can be transferred through the deck, overhead, bulkhead, or structure to a location not visible to the hot work operator. This class includes:

(a) Flame cutting

(b) Welding

(c) Plasma cutting

(d) Arcing and gouging

(e) Electric arc welding

(f) Thermal spraying

(g) Other hot spark or flame producing process not included in class II.

(2) Class II. These processes produce flames or minimal energy sparks or slag that is generally localized to the immediate work area. This class includes:

(a) Stud welding with an electric stud gun

(b) Gas-tungsten-arc welding (GTAW)

(c) Torch brazing

(d) Ferrous metal grinding with abrasive disks. C1102. PRECAUTIONS

a. Clothing and Protective Equipment.

(1) Use the appropriately shaded welder’s goggles, welder’s helmet, or welding faceshield, as well as


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flameproof/leather gloves, jackets, leggings and boots, as required by reference C11-1, the industrial hygiene survey, or other applicable reference. A respirator may be required if indicated by the respiratory protection manager (RPM).

(2) Remove lighters from pockets during hot work.

(3) Do not wear synthetic-fiber clothing.

(4) Do not roll up sleeves, cuffs, or have open pockets. (5) Always wear a welder's jacket or sleeves and apron

while welding. Helmets and face shields shall be fitted with the proper filter and cover lenses.

(6) Always wear electrical safety gloves when removing or replacing electrodes, or handling energized holders, layout tables, or equipment. The gloves shall be dry and in good condition.

(7) Consult with the respiratory protection manager for

specific guidance regarding respirator needs or selection. Cartridge respirators, when properly selected (see chapter B6), will protect against metal fumes generated during welding. They do not provide oxygen, which may be necessary when working in a confined space. They also do not protect against hazardous gases that may be generated during welding, if sufficient ventilation is not available, particularly with metal inert gas (MIG) and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. Where either condition exists, use a supplied air respirator. Consult the RPM about respirator use and selection.

(8) To protect passers-by from ultraviolet (UV) arc flash

and combustible materials from sparks, use NAVSEA-approved welding curtains or panels, as specified in reference C11-1.

b. Space Precautions

(1) Observe the following precautions during the performance of hot work:

(a) Do not perform hot work when flammable liquids or flammable atmospheres are present without specific instructions of the gas free engineer.


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(b) Inspect the other side of the bulkhead, deck, overhead, or other structure to ensure that hot work will not damage materials or equipment that may be on the other side of the hot work operation.

(c) Remove explosive materials and flammable liquids or vapors and take suitable precautions against the re-accumulation of such materials. For welding in magazines or adjacent to magazines, refer to reference C11-2.

(d) Where practicable, relocate all combustibles at least 35 feet from the work site. Where relocation is impracticable, protect combustibles with metal guards or curtains constructed of MIL-C-24576 material. Tighten edges of covers at the deck to prevent sparks from going underneath the covers. This precaution is also important at overlaps where several covers are used to protect a large pile of combustibles.

(e) Protect intricate and vulnerable machinery and

equipment from falling sparks or other potential sources of fire with metal guards or curtains constructed of military specification (MIL-C-24576) material. Secure the protection in-place before commencing hot work.

(f) For hot work processes that generate slag, weld splatter, or sparks, cover openings in decks, bulkheads, or overheads within 35 feet which can be a path to prevent ignition sources from passing into adjacent compartments, spaces, or decks below. A complete containment system as described in reference C11-1, section 10 meets this requirement. If openings cannot be covered, post a fire watch on the far side.

(g) Blank off ducts and conveyor systems that might carry sparks to distant combustibles or otherwise suitably protect.

(h) When hot work is done near decks, bulkheads, partitions, or overheads of combustible construction, take precautions to prevent ignition.

(i) Do not undertake hot work on pipes or other metal in contact with insulation or combustible decks, bulkheads, partitions, or overheads if the work is close enough to cause ignition by heat conduction.


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(j) Do not start hot work in areas other than those

specifically designated for hot work, such as welding shops, without approval of the commanding officer or his/her designated representative. Abrasive disk grinding with a small wheel (typically 3-inch diameter or less) does not require notification or approval.

(k) De-energize electrical equipment exposed to the hot

work. (2) Ensure that a gas free engineer's survey has been

completed before working in tanks, voids, or other confined spaces, including adjacent spaces (especially if those tanks contained flammable liquids or vapors) if these spaces are identified as a confined space per chapter B8. (3) Notify the damage control assistant (DCA) or fire marshal before starting hot work.

(4) Conduct hot work in or on fuel tanks, in spaces in which fuel tank vents terminate, or in other confined spaces known to contain flammable fuel, only with the commanding officer's approval.

(5) Set fire watches as follows:

(a) In confined or enclosed spaces, machinery rooms,

catapult rooms, bilges, and other locations proximate to flammable atmospheres (e.g., near fuel tank vents and sounding tubes), post fire watches at the worksite when hot work is undertaken. After completion of the hot work operation, fire watches shall remain on station for a minimum of 30 minutes, ensure that the area is cool to the touch, and ensure that no smoldering embers remain.

(b) For class I hot work, post fire watches when hot work is undertaken. The fire watches shall stand watch for fire for 30 minutes after hot work is completed.

(c) For class II hot work, the DCA, fire marshall, or

individual designated in writing by the DCA shall determine the need for a fire watch in addition to the hot worker based on his or her assessment of the worksite prior to undertaking hot work. When posted, the fire watch(s) shall stand watch for 30 minutes after hot work is completed.


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NOTE:

Abrasive disk grinding on a ferrous material with a large wheel (larger than three inches in diameter) typically throws large sparks long distances. A fire watch is recommended for large wheel grinding when class alpha materials (ordinary combustibles) are exposed. The DCA or fire marshall shall determine the need for a fire watch.

(d) When a fire watch is not required for class II hot

work, the hot worker shall have the appropriate fire extinguishing equipment available. The hot worker may leave the site after hot work is completed and after he/she has conducted a thorough survey of the area to check for smoldering fires. When grinding a ferrous material with a large abrasive disk wheel (larger than three inches in diameter), the hot worker shall stand watch for 30 minutes after the hot work ends. (e) When any type of hot work is being performed on bulkheads, decks, or overheads where sparks or heat transfer may ignite combustibles on the opposite, accessible side, set a fire watch on the far side.

(f) The hot worker and the hot worker’s supervisor are responsible for ensuring fire watches are in place prior to starting work.

(g) Train fire watches per section 10 of reference C11-3.

(h) Equip fire watches with personal protective equipment (PPE) as required for the operation being conducted and anticipated hazards.

(i) When more than one fire watch is required, establish a communication means between fire watches.

(6) Ensure fire extinguishing equipment is available in immediate area. The types of fire extinguishing equipment fire watches shall use are specified in section 10 of reference C11-3.

(7) Provide ventilation as specified in reference C11-1, industrial hygiene survey, gas free chit, or hot work chit.


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(8) Personnel in areas adjacent to welding areas exposed to arc-produced ultraviolet radiation shall be protected by providing screens, appropriate eye protection or other approved means.

(9) Never weld near a source of halocarbons, such as chlorinated solvents (i.e., trichloroethane) or refrigerant gases. Phosgene gas can be produced when halocarbons are exposed to high temperatures.

(10) Do not perform hot work during fueling or ammunition transfer operations. AS-type ships are exempted from this requirement, but shall comply with the requirements of reference C11-4 while performing hot work or ammunition handling.

c. Practices

(1) Never use oxygen to operate pneumatic tools, on oil

preheating burners, start internal combustion engines, blow out pipe lines, blow dust from clothing or work areas, create pressure, or for ventilation purposes.

(2) Do not carry oxygen, acetylene, or other fuel gas cylinders into confined spaces. Use leads of an appropriate length to reach the work area while properly securing gas cylinders away from the confined space point of entry.

(3) Always return cylinders to the storage racks when work is completed and ensure cylinders are secured in place by metal retaining collars.

(4) Ground and bond all electrical welding equipment before use.

(5) Stand on a dry surface or insulating material if surface

is not completely dry to avoid potential electric shock. (6) Never permit the metal part of the electrode or the

electrode holder to touch the bare skin or any damp clothing, which the operator may be wearing. Do not loop the welding cable over your shoulder or other parts of your body. Operators have been dragged off staging or scaffolds when the welding cables were fouled by other workmen or moving equipment.

(7) When stopping work for a significant time (lunch or

overnight), remove the electrode from the electrode holder,


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deenergize the equipment and disconnect welding supply cable from the welding machine.

(8) When using portable machines, ensure that the primary

supply cables are separately laid out and do not become entangled with welding supply cables.

(9) Inspect work and electrode lead cables regularly for wear and damage. Replace cables with damaged insulation or exposed conductors. Use connecting devices specifically intended for the purpose when joining lengths of supply and electrode cables. Adequately insulate the connecting devices for the proposed service conditions.

(10) Keep welding cables dry and free from grease and oil,

wherever practical, to prevent premature breakdown of the insulation which could cause serious short circuits.

(11) Suitably support cables overhead when necessary to run them some distance from the welding machine. If this cannot be done, and cables are laid on deck, protect them in such a manner that they will not be damaged or interfere with safe passage of personnel. Take special care to see that welding supply cables are not close to power supply cables, lighting circuits, or any equipment that utilizes magnetic tapes or depends upon a magnetic principle for operation. Block hatches and doors to prevent damage to welding cables.

(12) Protect welding equipment used in the open from weather conditions (e.g., rain, sleet, snow, spray, etc.) to prevent short circuiting.

(13) Do not smoke cigarettes or use other forms of tobacco while welding or brazing.

d. Cylinder Safety

(1) Store individual cylinders securely fastened in the upright position (valve end up) by metal collars, with each cylinder independently fastened, and ensure that the cylinder valve protection caps are in place.

(2) Store flammable and explosive gases securely on the weather decks protected from direct exposure to the sun or in flammable compressed gas cylinder storerooms.


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(3) Never store flammable gases with oxidizing gases. Typical oxidizing gases are oxygen and chlorine. Compressed gases such as helium, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and argon can be stored with all gases except acetylene, oxidizing or flammable gases. Ensure inert gases are segregated and readily identifiable.

(4) Do not lift cylinders by valve-protection caps. Bars shall not be used under valves or valve-protection caps to pry cylinders loose when frozen in place or otherwise fixed. Use warm (not boiling) water to defrost.

(5) Close valves of empty cylinders. (6) Place cylinders a safe distance away from the actual

welding or cutting operation so that sparks, hot slag, or flame will not reach them. Use fire-resistant shields.

(7) Do not place cylinders where they might become part of an electric circuit. Contacts with energized equipment shall be avoided. Cylinders shall be kept away from radiators, piping systems, or layout tables that may be used for grounding electric circuits, such as for arc welding machines. Any practice, such as the tapping of an electrode against a cylinder to strike an arc, is prohibited.

(8) Never use cylinders as rollers or supports, whether full or empty.

(9) Do not change or alter the numbers and markings stamped into cylinders.

(10) Never attempt to mix gases in a cylinder. Unauthorized personnel should never refill a cylinder.

(11) Unless connected to a manifold, do not use oxygen from a cylinder without first attaching an oxygen regulator to the cylinder valve. Before connecting the regulator to the cylinder valve, open the valve slightly for an instant and then close valve. Always stand away and to one side of the outlet when opening the cylinder valve.

(12) Do not use hammers or wrenches to open cylinder valves. If valves cannot be opened by hand, the cylinder should be returned to supply.


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(13) Do not tamper with, or attempt to repair, cylinder valves. If trouble is experienced, remove from service, tag as defective and notify the supplier, indicating the character of the trouble and the cylinder's serial number. Follow supplier's instructions as to its disposition.

(14) Do not remove the stem from a diaphragm-type cylinder valve. (15) Always place the fuel-gas cylinders with valve end up. Store and ship liquefied gases with the valve end up. Prior to use, store acetylene cylinders in a vertical position for a minimum of two hours to stabilize the gas.

(16) Handle cylinders carefully. Rough handling, knocks,

or falls are liable to damage the cylinder, valve, or safety devices and cause leakage.

(17) Close the cylinder valve and release the gas from the regulator before the regulator is removed from a cylinder valve.

(18) Do not place anything on top of an acetylene cylinder which may damage the safety device or interfere with the quick closing of the valve.

(19) Never use fuel gas from cylinders through torches or other devices equipped with shutoff valves without reducing the pressure through a regulator attached to the cylinder valve or manifold.

(20) Do not use copper tubing with acetylene gas cylinders

due to the potential of an explosive chemical reaction to take place. C1103. EXTRA PRECAUTIONS FOR WORK IN RESTRICTED ACCESS SPACES

a. For the purpose of this section, a restricted space shall mean:

(1) A space with only one exit and,

(2) A space where equipment or structural barriers prevent easy exit or entrance.

b. Ensure proper ventilation is available to permit work in restricted access spaces. When sufficient ventilation cannot be


C11-11

obtained without blocking the means of access, personnel in the confined space shall be protected by supplied air respirators. Ensure space has been certified gas free, if the space is unmanned and ventilation is non-existent or the space is used to store hazardous material.

c. Leave gas cylinders and heavy welding or cutting equipment outside the restricted access space.

d. Station an attendant outside with instructions to observe the welding operator at all times, and in case of emergency, immediately shut off the gas or welding machine and render such help as the occasion warrants.

e. If entering a restricted access space through a manhole or other small opening, provide means for quick personnel removal in case of an emergency. When safety belts and lifelines are used for this purpose, they shall be so attached to the body that the body cannot be jammed in a small exit opening.

f. If the access fitting to a restricted access space is remotely controlled, ensure measures are taken to secure and DANGER tag-out remote-control equipment to avoid accidental closing of doors.

g. If work in a restricted access space is suspended for any substantial period of time, remove electrodes from the holders of arc welding equipment. One of the three following precautions must be taken:

(1) Remove all arc welding equipment from the restricted access spaces.

(2) Disconnect all such equipment from the source of power. This shall always be done if the equipment is to be left overnight.

(3) Positively insulate all such equipment, including the

electrode holder, so that no accidental contacts can be made even if the equipment is moved during this period.

h. In the case of gas welding equipment, always close the torch valves and the gas supply to the torch, when not actually in use, to eliminate the possibility of gas escaping through leaks or improperly closed valves. The gas supply to the torch must be able to be positively secured from outside the space.


C11-12

Torches shall remain in restricted-access spaces only for the period necessary to perform the required hot work. Overnight and at the change of shifts, the torch and hose shall be immediately removed from confined spaces when they are disconnected from the torch or other gas consuming device.

CHAPTER C11

REFERENCES

C11-1. Naval Ships' Technical Manual (NSTM) 074 (V1), S09086-CH-STM-010, Welding and Allied Processes

C11-2. NAVSEA OP-4, Ammunition and Explosives Safety Afloat C11-3. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) 555 (V1), S9086-S3-STM-010/CH-555V1R10 15 July 2003 C11-4. OPNAVINST 8020.14


CHAPTER C12

SHIPBOARD AIRCRAFT SAFETY C1201. DISCUSSION a. This chapter applies to fixed-wing and/or rotary wing operations on ships that have full flight and hangar decks (CVs, CVNs, LHAs, LHDs, and MCS). b. Flight decks are hazardous and the danger to personnel goes beyond the possibility of crashes. Air intakes on jet engines can actually suck personnel off the deck and into the engine. Jet engine exhaust can propel personnel into other objects or over the side of the ship. Propellers and rotor blades can maim or kill. Aircraft carry ordnance and fuel that can cause fires and explosions. Moving aircraft can hit personnel. The ship itself is pitching and rolling. For these reasons, personnel whose job requires them to work on the flight deck must be constantly alert to many hazards to avoid injury or death. C1202. GENERAL FIRE PRECAUTIONS a. Smoking (1) Do not smoke or permit open flames on flight/hangar decks, sponsons, and weather decks. (2) Only smoke in designated smoking areas. b. Open Flames/Ignition Sources (1) Do not permit open flames or other ignition source in the vicinity of flammable liquids, gases, or explosive ordnance. (2) Provide continuous fresh air or properly designed exhaust systems where flammable vapors are present. c. Heating Units (1) Use caution when using element space heaters in any part of a hangar deck or in any shop where a fire hazard exists.


C12-2

(2) In no case permit such heaters in locations where ignitable concentrations of flammable gases or vapors are likely to exist, or where flammable or explosive substances in the form of gas, vapor, mist, dust or fibers are present. d. Shoes. Personnel shall wear approved non-sparking, protective steel toed leather safety shoes with non-slip oil and fuel resistant soles in the vicinity of flammable gases and vapors. e. Stowage of Combustible Rags. Correctly labeled, metal receptacles with metal covers shall be provided for the holding of oily rags, solvent soaked waste, and other combustible waste materials for disposal. Receptacles shall be emptied daily in accordance with local hazardous material turn-in procedures.

f. Stowage of Combustibles. Approved flammable storage lockers are required for storing combustible materials. See Chapter C23 for details.

C1203. HOUSEKEEPING a. Clean work areas and keep them clean, during and after maintenance evolutions. b. Keep decks free from oil, grease, and debris. c. Properly store compressed air tanks, tools, and equipment after use. d. Spills (1) Immediately clean up oil, grease, fuels, and other flammable liquids or slippery substances to prevent injury or fire. (2) Use drip pans during maintenance evolutions to prevent drips and leaks from becoming fire or slip hazards, particularly under aircraft engines. e. Cords/Hoses. Place hoses, power cords, and similar equipment in their designed stowage areas to alleviate trip hazards. This will also reduce excessive wear and damage to the cords/hoses from traffic and deck abrasion.


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C1204. FOREIGN OBJECT DAMAGE (FOD) a. Prohibit dumping of trash and garbage during launch or recovery operations. Only dump trash from the fantail or designated sponsons. b. Only use approved/required flight deck uniforms, cranial headgear and sound attenuators per appropriate naval air training operating procedures standardizations (NATOPS) during flight operations. Do not wear ball caps, white hats, watch caps, garrison hats, bridge caps, or hard hats on the flight deck, catwalks, or gallery decks during flight operations. c. Do not put loose objects in shirt pockets while in flight operations area. d. Aircraft jet engines suck up loose objects from the deck or the area immediately adjacent to the intake, including in some cases, personnel who venture too close. Ingestion of articles into engines can cause costly damage or complete loss of the engine. Aircraft NATOPS manuals depict intake and exhaust danger zones. C1205. LIQUID OXYGEN a. Liquid oxygen, often abbreviated as LOX, is a pale blue fluid which flows like water. It boils into gaseous oxygen at minus 297 degrees Fahrenheit (-183 degrees centigrade); therefore, it is capable of immediately freezing any object that comes in contact with it. When warmed to ambient temperature, liquid oxygen expands as a gas to about 860 times its liquid volume. Therefore, if a volume of the liquid were confined and allowed to warm, it would exert extremely high pressure (up to 12,000 pounds per square inch (PSI)). Because of these properties, extra safety precautions must be observed when working with liquid oxygen. b. Fire Protection (1) Keep the work area and equipment free of oil, grease, or any readily combustible material. (2) Keep tools and clothing free of oil and grease. (3) Ensure that the aircraft or the LOX converter when removed from the aircraft and the LOX servicing trailer are


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grounded and bonded. The grounding conductor must be connected to the frame of the trailer and all metal parts must be bonded together. (4) Prohibit smoking, open flames, or sparks within 50 feet of liquid or gaseous oxygen servicing trailers that are transferring or storing oxygen. Any combustion in an oxygen-rich atmosphere may be violent. (5) Mark oxygen generation and storage spaces with a sign reading:

OXYGEN - NO SMOKING - NO OPEN FLAMES -DO NOT BLOCK LOX JETTISON RAMPS, or an equivalent.

(6) Ensure that adequate ventilation is present or supplemental ventilation is provided when transferring liquid oxygen to avoid an oxygen-rich atmosphere. (7) Do not spill liquid oxygen on deck areas. In case of accidental spillage, the area should be thoroughly ventilated. (8) Ensure a suitable fire extinguisher is immediately available in the LOX handling space. (9) Ensure that only approved non-sparking tools are used when working on LOX equipment. c. Freezing Precautions (1) The extreme cold of LOX will instantly produce burns if LOX comes into direct contact with the skin. (2) Frostbite or freezing will occur if the skin comes into contact with surfaces that have been cooled by LOX. d. Protective Clothing. The possibility of exposure from accidental spillage of LOX exists; therefore wear the following protective clothing: (1) Face and eye protection (2) White cuff-less coveralls (3) Hand protection made of leather or cloth for cold protection


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(4) Molder's (style, slip on) safety shoes (5) Ensure that all protective clothing worn is clean and free of oil and grease. e. Handling Precautions (1) Wear clean, dry leather gloves offering insulation to cold, when handling parts of equipment that have been cooled by LOX. In the event rubber or neoprene gloves are used, wear a covering glove or an interlining glove in conjunction with the molded glove. (2) Only handle the tubing or fittings through which the liquid oxygen is flowing when necessary, and then only with insulated gloves or other devices for protection against freezing. (3) Do not permit LOX to flow onto any part of the body, clothes, pockets, or cuffs where it might be trapped. (4) In the event the LOX is spilled on clothing, remove the clothing immediately and thoroughly air to allow dilution of the oxygen concentration. (5) When an un-insulated container of LOX is touched, or when there is any reason to suspect some part of the body has been frozen or chilled through contact with LOX, thoroughly wash the area with clean water and immediately seek medical treatment. (6) Ensure that at least two persons conduct LOX operations. (7) Protect storage containers, piping, valves, regulating equipment, and other accessories against physical damage and tampering. C1206. ARRESTING GEAR AND BARRICADES a. Unauthorized personnel shall remain clear of the walkways, arresting gear machinery, spaces, and equipment. b. During arresting gear maintenance evolutions, all personnel shall remain clear of the bight of the wire.


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C1207. HAZARDS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION TO ORDNANCE (HERO) Follow approved HERO omission control procedures per reference C12-1.

_____________________

CHAPTER C12

REFERENCES

C12-1. NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR 16-1-529/NAVELEX 0967-LP-624-6010, Electromagnetic Radiation Hazards (Hazards to Personnel, Fuel, and other Flammable Material)


CHAPTER C13

MACHINERY C1301. DISCUSSION

a. Machinery is located everywhere in your ship, from the more obvious examples of propulsion equipment in the engine room, to the less than obvious example of galley equipment. The purpose of this chapter is to define precautions for all types of machinery. Chapter C9 covers electrical safety precautions. Galley equipment is described in chapter C19. b. All machinery has moving parts. The fact that moving parts are present means that the possibility of personnel injury is also present. While personnel injury is one aspect of machinery injury, the fact that a person has interrupted the machinery process can lead to even more disastrous accidents. c. Except in emergencies, and then only when no qualified operator is present, no person shall operate, repair, adjust, or otherwise tamper with any machinery unless assigned by a competent authority, (for example, officer-of-the-deck (OOD), command-duty-officer (CDO), or engineering-duty-officer (EDO)), to perform a specific function on such machinery. No person shall be assigned to operate or adjust machinery unless he/she has demonstrated a practical knowledge of its operations and repair and all applicable safety precautions, and then, only when qualified by the department head having cognizance over such machinery. Unqualified personnel will operate machinery only under the supervision of qualified personnel. C1302. GENERAL PRECAUTIONS

a. General Precautions. Personnel must observe the safety precautions and adhere to the standard operating procedures for individual machine or ship system operations.

(1) Never place any part of the body into moving machinery.

(2) Never attempt to ride machinery that is not designed for transport, such as vertical package conveyors or weapons elevators.


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(3) Do not wear jewelry, including any rings or watches, neckties, pagers, cell phones, or loose fitting clothing while operating machinery.

(4) Wear proper protective clothing and equipment

suited to the operation being performed as required by technical manual or baseline industrial hygiene survey.

(5) Do not wear polyester or other synthetic clothing when operating fuel fired equipment (in particular, no engine room or fire room personnel may wear such clothing) or while standing watch or performing maintenance in main propulsion spaces. (6) Engine room and fire room personnel shall wear fire retardant coveralls, with sleeves rolled down, when on watch or when performing maintenance in machinery spaces where steam is circulating in the piping systems or fuel fired machinery is in operation. In nuclear propulsion aircraft carriers only, engineering and reactor department personnel shall wear long-sleeve navy uniform shirts or navy uniform coveralls with sleeves rolled down when on watch or when performing maintenance in machinery spaces where steam is circulating in piping systems or a diesel engine is in operation.

(7) Observe manufacturer's safety precautions on the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and warning labels when handling flammable or toxic liquids; in particular, ensure that ventilation is adequate, and wear appropriate personal protective equipment. Wear proper personnel protective equipment such as goggles and respirators, if indicated by the RPM.

(8) Use electrical tools and lights only if inspected and approved. The damage control assistant may require non-sparking and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

(9) Ensure that equipment is de-energized and/or depressurized and properly tagged out of service before attempting to perform repairs or preventive maintenance.

(10) When working near electrical equipment or electrical cables, be alert to the presence of dangerous voltages and avoid striking such equipment with tools of any kind. Should such damage inadvertently occur, report it immediately to the ship's electrical officer.


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(11) Do not use compressed air to clean the body, clothing, or to perform general housekeeping. Compressed air may be used to clean machinery parts that have been properly disassembled provided that the supply air pressure does not exceed 30 pounds per square inch (psi) or the nozzle is equipped with a 30-psi limiter. Wear safety goggles when using compressed air for approved cleaning.

(12) Do not store in-use quantities of paints, solvents, acids, or corrosives in unapproved containers or cabinets. Ensure material compatibility and proper labeling. Follow hazardous material policies established for your ship. (13) Return closed, authorized containers of flammable consumables to approved storage lockers, the ship’s hazardous material minimization center (HAZMINCEN), or to the flammable liquid storeroom/paint locker at the end of each working day. (14) Keep containers of flammable or volatile fluids/adhesives tightly closed when not in use. (15) Supervisors shall ensure that anyone who incurs any type of injury or who experiences any adverse health effect during or immediately following work activities receives prompt medical attention. (16) Promptly reinstall shaft guards, coupling guards, deck plates, handrails, flange shields, and other protective devices removed as interference immediately after completion of maintenance on machinery, piping, valves, or other system components. (17) When working with asbestos-containing material ((Garlock®), spiral wound (flexitallic) gaskets, pipe hangers, clutch plates, brake pads, etc.) comply with Chapter B1 of this manual. Beware of friable asbestos-containing materials. Ensure proper handling/disposal requirements are followed (see chapter B1). Asbestos fireproofing material is still common aboard some ships and asbestos can be found in sheet gaskets and some lagging. Train personnel who routinely handle asbestos containing materials on the hazards, proper precautions, protective equipment requirements and disposal. (18) Do not use low pressure (LP) air to unclog flammable fluid piping systems unless a specific directive or approved procedure requires its use.


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C1303. MAINTENANCE

a. Ensure that all installed safety devices, alarms, and sensors are inspected and/or tested in accordance with scheduled Planned Maintenance System (PMS) and other type commander requirements.

(1) Assign the repair of defective safety devices a high priority.

(2) Correct oil leaks at their source. Wipe up spills of any kind immediately and store the wiping rags in fire safe containers. Dispose of oily rags daily in accordance with the ship’s hazardous material turn-in procedures.

(3) Avoid trip hazards by maintaining proper stowage.

(4) Open all drains and vents to all drums and headers before loosening manhole or handhold plates. Stand clear of such fittings when initially opening them after service. b. When maintenance exceeds boundaries of PMS, appropriate supervisors shall ensure the quality assurance (QA) documentation and procedures are followed per volume 5 of reference C13-1. C1304. INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT

a. General Industrial Equipment Operation and Repair Safety

(1) Read manufacturer's instruction books for essential details of readying machines and equipment for operation, cleaning, lubricating, and general care and maintenance. These instruction books, supplemented by technical handbooks, provide comprehensive instructions on all phases of shop practice.

(2) Inspect before operating industrial equipment

(fixed or portable) to ensure that the equipment is in good working condition and that all installed or attached safety features (such as guards, limit switches, interlocks, and speed limiting controls) are in place and in good working order.

(3) Unplug or disconnect from power source and affix a red tag (DANGER - DO NOT OPERATE) on all fixed or portable industrial equipment requiring repairs.


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(4) Shut off the power when changing industrial equipment parts such as faceplates or chucks on lathes, drill bits in electric drills, or saw blades.

(5) Block up ram where applicable and open the switches and red tag (DANGER - DO NOT OPERATE) on power shears, drills, punches, and presses when it becomes necessary to place any part of the body underneath or within the equipment.

(6) Replace machine guards and safety devices after repairing, oiling or greasing, or after inspections or PMS have been completed before the machine is started or operated.

(7) Remove all industrial tools or test equipment used in making repairs, adjustments to machinery, or other shipboard equipment/systems so that all working parts of the machinery, equipment, or system will be free to operate without damage.

(8) Take care that no one is in a position to be injured when the machinery/equipment/system is again set in operation.

(9) Be sure all personnel are clear before starting any industrial tools or equipment.

(10) Do not permit anyone to operate electrical or mechanical equipment or machines in any space when alone.

(11) Make sure there is plenty of light to work by

before operating a machine. Incandescent lights must be used for machines with visible rotating shafts or chucks to avoid the stroboscopic effect from fluorescent lights.

(12) See that tools and work are properly clamped before starting a machine.

(13) Only place/mount a saw, cutter head, grinding wheel, or tool collar on a machine arbor when the tool is the proper size to fit the arbor.

(14) Ensure each powered machine has a means of cutting

off power which can be safely reached and operated from the operator's normal position, without reaching through the point of operation or other hazardous areas.


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(15) On machines where injury to personnel might result if motors were to restart after power failures, check that provisions have been made to prevent machines from automatically restarting upon restoration of power.

(16) Make sure that operating controls, including

treadles, are protected by recessing, guarding, location, or other effective means against unexpected or accidental activation of the machine.

(17) The point-of-operation is the area of a machine where the work is actually performed upon the material being processed. Check that the point-of-operation is guarded so that personnel cannot be injured by contact with the machine or by flying objects propelled from the machine. Methods of point-of-operation guarding include barriers, shields, interlocks, automatic feed and removal, and two-hand activation devices. The best guarding device is usually one designed and attached by the manufacturer as an integral part of the machine. The selection and design of guards other than those provided by the manufacturer must be adequate to protect personnel and not present a hazard in themselves. (18) Power transmission devices include belts, chains, pulleys, shafting, fly wheels, gears, sprockets, and any other moving parts of a machine other than the point-of-operation. Ensure that power transmission devices are enclosed within the machine or otherwise guarded or so located that it is not possible for personnel to contact the moving parts. Power transmission devices over seven feet above the deck or other standing/walking surface need not be guarded. (19) Ensure all warning and caution signs, for eye hazards, noise hazards, pinch points, etc., and machine safety precautions are posted within sight of the machine operator. Machine safety precautions may be posted using standard stock placards or excerpts from technical manuals. Ensure caution areas and eye hazard areas around the machine are marked as defined in Chapter C1.

b. Housekeeping

(1) Keep areas around machines clear of obstructions

and in a non-slippery condition. Clean up all spilled oil or grease immediately.


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(2) Keep machines clean.

(3) Do not clean chips from the surface of machines with compressed air or with hands; use a brush or hook and wear leather gloves.

(4) Do not use compressed air to clean clothing or to blow dust off the body or to assist in the clean up of dust, debris, or other particulate matter.

(5) Do not place hand tools on lathes or other machines. Keep them in their assigned location.

(6) Turn off all power to the equipment before

removing chips and other debris.

(7) Ensure that all portable tools (electrical or pneumatic) have been tested prior to initial use and periodically, as prescribed by PMS or other data.

(8) Ensure that all machine guards and other safety devices are in place prior to equipment operation.

c. Portable Power Tools

(1) Ensure all portable electric power tools have a current safety inspection by the electrical tool issue room prior to use.

(2) Ensure that portable circular saws, electric or

pneumatic chain saws, and percussion tools without positive accessory holding (i.e., equipped with a constant pressure switch that will shut off the power when the pressure is released) are equipped with an operable "dead-man" switch.

(3) Keep portable power tools clean, lubricated, and in good repair.

(4) Keep all electrical cords clear of moving parts when using portable electrical equipment around machine tools.

(5) Wear and use the required personal protective equipment (PPE), such as hearing or sight protection, for those tools and equipment requiring PPE.


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d. Operating Precautions – General

(1) Remove chuck keys, wrenches, or other devices

used to attach accessories to industrial machines before operating.

(2) Do not attempt to adjust a tool or feel the edge to be cut while the equipment or tool is in motion.

(3) Never attempt to stop or grab by hand or apply a wrench or tool to moving work or to moving industrial-equipment parts.

(4) Do not use hangers to knock cutters into positions.

(5) Never lean against a machine that is running.

(6) Never leave moving machinery unattended.

(7) Do not distract the attention of a machine operator.

(8) Remove cutting tools from machines when not in use.

(9) Avoid excessive cutting speeds, feeds, and depth of cut. Keep hands clear of moving parts. Use a separate block to feed stock into cutting blades.

e. Securing for Sea. When securing for sea, take all precautions to ensure that components of industrial equipment or tools, including accessories, will not sway or shift with the motion of the ship. These precautions should include, but are not limited to, the following:

(1) Lower the arm of top-heavy equipment, such as a

radial drill press, to rest on the table or base of the machine and then clamp and block securely.

(2) Secure chain falls, trolleys, overhead cranes, and other suspended equipment, such as counterweights on boring mills and drill presses.


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(3) Secure tailstocks of lathes.

(4) Secure spindles of horizontal boring mills.

(5) Protect and secure tools stowed in cabinets or

drawers. Secure drawers and cabinet doors. Where possible, install metal bands or fixtures vice using line to temporarily secure equipment. Secure all bar and sheet-metal stock and do not handle or move while underway.

(6) Inspect foundation bolts of heavy equipment in accordance with PMS to ensure tightness.

(7) While underway or while at anchor in high sea states, do not operate shop machines whose components are subject to shifting or swaying with the motion of the ship, so as to present a hazard to operators, without permission of the commanding officer. (8) Do not perform operations such as the melting and pouring of metal or similarly dangerous evolutions while the ship is underway.

f. Posted Safety Precautions and Deck Markings

(1) Post operating instructions and safety precautions tailored to the specific equipment at each piece of industrial plant equipment. Install warning plates, located to ensure visibility, wherever necessary to minimize possible injury. Also, include instructions to never allow machines to run unattended and not to distract the operator while the machine is in operation. Posting may be accomplished using standard stock placards or excerpts from technical manuals.

(2) Clearly establish and mark equipment hazard areas or zones per Chapter C1, ship's plans and specifications, and industrial hygiene survey.

g. Safety Precautions for Specific Types of Equipment

(1) Pneumatic Tools – General.

(a) Wear and use necessary personnel protective devices, especially eye and hearing protection.


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(b) Do not connect or drive pneumatic tools by air pressure in excess of that for which the tools are designed.

(c) Only authorized and trained personnel shall operate pneumatic tools.

(d) Lay pneumatic tools down in such a manner that

no harm can be done if the switch is accidentally tripped. Do not leave idle tools in a standing position.

(e) Keep pneumatic tools in good operating condition and thoroughly inspect them at regular intervals with particular attention given to on-off control valve trigger guard (if installed), hose connections, guide clips on hammers, and the chucks of reamers and drills.

(f) Pneumatic tools and air lines may be fitted with quick disconnect fittings which incorporate automatic excess flow shut-off valves, which shuts off the air at the air lines before changing grinding wheels, needles, chisels, or other cutting or drilling bits.

(g) Only use air hoses suitable to withstand the pressure required for the tool. Remove leaking or defective hoses from service.

(h) Do not lay hoses over ladders, steps, scaffolds, or walkways in such a manner as to create a trip hazard. Where a hose is run through doorways, protect the hose against damage by the door edge. Preferably, elevate air hose over walkways or working surfaces in a manner to permit clear passage and prevent damage to the hose.

(i) Connect a tool retainer on each piece of equipment that, without such a retainer, may eject the tool.

(j) Ensure that all portable pneumatic grinders and reciprocating saws are equipped with a safety lock-off device. The lock-off device must automatically and positively lock the throttle in the off position when the throttle is released.

(k) Pneumatic tool air hose fittings shall not be interchangeable with the hose fittings designated for airline respirators.


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(l) Ensure that air hoses are equipped with "quick disconnect" fittings at all hatches, doors, or scuttles.

(2) Pneumatic Hammers

(a) Do not point any pneumatic hammer at other personnel. Operate hammers in a careful and safe manner at all times.

(b) Ensure that all hammers are equipped with a

device for holding the tool bit in the hammer. Inspect safety tool holders at frequent intervals per PMS.

(c) Do not restrict the air exhaust in any fashion.

(d) Ensure that all pneumatic hammers are equipped with a hand-whip safety switch (dead-man switch).

(e) Use pneumatic hammers only for those purposes for which designed.

(f) When operating a power hammer, wear necessary eye, face, ear, and body protection, including gloves.

(3) Power Saws. In addition to the general precautions for portable electric and pneumatic tools contained in this manual, observe the following precautions for electric and pneumatic saws:

(a) Provide all circular power saws with guards that fully encompass the unused portion of the blades.

(b) Ensure that qualified personnel install

circular saw blades.

(c) Only use portable electric or pneumatic saws that have handgrip "dead-man" switches installed.

(d) Grasp portable power saws with both hands and hold firmly against the work. Take care that the saw does not break away, thereby causing injury.

(e) Disconnect the power supply and inspect the blade at frequent intervals or immediately after it has locked, pinched, or burned.


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(f) Inspect and remove potential obstacles from

the material to be cut before using a saw.

(g) Immediately remove dull, badly set, improperly filed, or improperly tensioned saws from service before they can begin to cause the material to stick, jam, or kickback when it is fed to the saw at normal speed.

(h) Immediately clean saws when gum or pitch has adhered to the sides. Disconnect power before cleaning.

(i) Keep bearings well lubricated.

(j) Keep arbors of all circular saws free from play.

(k) Only designated personnel with certified skill shall sharpen or tension saw blades or cutters.

(l) Maintain cleanliness around woodworking

machinery, particularly as regards the effective functioning of guards and the prevention of fire hazards in switch enclosures, bearings, and motors.

(m) Remove all cracked saws from service. (n) Do not permit the practice of inserting wedges

between the saw disk and the collar to form what is commonly known as a "wobble saw.”

(o) Provide push sticks or push blocks at the work place in the several sizes and types suitable for the work to be done. Push sticks, blocks, or other special hand tools are not substitutes for guards. Keep all required guards in place and operable when push sticks or blocks are used

(p) On band saws, ensure all portions of the blade

are enclosed or guarded, except for the working portion of the blade between the bottom of the guide rolls and the table. The portion of the guard between the upper-saw-wheel guard and the guide rolls must guard the front and outer side of the blade and must be adjustable to move with the guide as it is raised and lowered. When the band saw is in use, position the adjustable guard to maintain the minimum clearance between the guide rolls and the material consistent with free movement of the material being cut.


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(q) To avoid vibration, welded joints in band saws

shall be the same thickness as the saw blade.

(r) Ensure that each circular table saw is guarded by a hood that completely encloses the portion of the saw above the table and above the material being cut. Mount the hood so that it will automatically adjust itself to the thickness of, and remain in contact with, the material being cut. An approved clear plastic guard cantilevered over the saw table may be used as an alternative to the enclosing hood. The plastic guard must be large enough and set low enough to prevent the hands of personnel from contacting the blade.

(s) Make sure that each hand-fed rip saw has a spreader mounted in a position one-half inch from the back of the largest saw which may be mounted on the machine. The spreader prevents material from squeezing the saw and being thrown back on the operator. The spreader shall be thinner than the saw kerf and rigid enough to resist side thrust and bending. The spreader is not required for grooving, dadoing, or rabbeting but must be replaced immediately upon completion of such operations.

(t) Check that each ripsaw, including hand-fed rip saws with spreaders, are provided with non-kickback fingers or dogs to prevent material from being thrown toward the operator.

(u) Ensure that self-feed circular saws have a hood or guard that will prevent the operator's hands from contacting the nip point of the feed rolls.

(v) Verify that radial saws are guarded, as

required by the following subparagraphs:

1. The upper portion of the blade, including the arbor, must be completely enclosed by a hood. The sides of the lower portion of the blade must be guarded to the full diameter of the blade by a guard that will automatically adjust to the thickness of the material being cut.

2. The work surface must be wide enough, or a

stop shall be provided, to prevent the cutting head from traveling to a point where the blade extends beyond the outer edge of the table.


C13-14

3. The unit shall be tilted back or counterweights shall be provided so that the cutting head will return to the starting position when released.

4. Ripping and ploughing with a radial saw must be against the direction that the saw rotates. The direction of rotation must be conspicuously marked on the hood. A label shall be affixed to the rear of the hood reading "DANGER: Do not rip or plough from this end." Non-kickback fingers must be provided for ripping and ploughing operations.

(w) Inspect saw blades by non-destructive, PMS test methods for surface cracks and defects. (x) Ensure sawdust collectors are properly attached prior to use of wood saws and are in serviceable condition. Empty sawdust from collector bags per the manufacturer’s instructions.

(4) Sanding Machines

(a) Carefully inspect all sanders before use. Do not use sanding discs or belts if they are frayed or cracked.

(b) Use eye protection during sanding operations and while cleaning up. Consult the respiratory protection manager about the need for particulate respirators while sanding or cleaning dust collectors. Operate dust-collecting systems for sanders, if installed, when sanding is in progress.

(c) Keep hands or other parts of the body from coming into contact with the abrasive surface of the sander.

(d) Grasp portable hand-held sanders with both hands and hold firmly against the work. Take care that the sander does not break away, thereby causing injury or damage.

(e) When permanently mounted sanders are used, grasp the work firmly and hold it to the sanding surface carefully to avoid finger contact with the sanding belt or disc. Sand small pieces of work that would bring the fingers within 1 inch of the belt or disc surface by hand, rather than on powered sanders.

(f) For portable sanders and fixed sanders having electric plugs, pull the electric plug before sanding belts or


C13-15

discs are changed or before repairs or adjustments are made to the sander. Open and DANGER tag the power source circuit breaker of fixed sanders that are "hard wired" before making repairs or adjustments or changing belts or discs.

(g) Ensure each belt sanding machine has both belt pulleys enclosed in such manner as to guard the points where the sanding belt runs onto the pulleys. Enclose the unused run of the sanding belt. Adjust belt type sanders to the proper tension.

(h) Ensure coast down brakes, where installed by the manufacturer, are in good working condition before commencement of sanding and use them to stop belt or disc motion after the power is secured.

(5) Buffers, Grinders, and Cut-Off Wheels – General

(a) Check the spindle speed of the machine before mounting of the wheel to be certain that it does not exceed the maximum operating speed marked on the wheel.

(b) Gently tap wheels with a light non-metallic implement, such as the handle of a screwdriver for light wheels, or a wooden mallet for heavier wheels, immediately before mounting. Do not use if they sound cracked (dead). This is known as the "ring test." It should also be noted that organic bonded wheels do not emit the same clear metallic ring as do vitrified and silicate wheels.

(c) Wheels must be dry and free from sawdust when applying the "ring test," otherwise the sound will be deadened.

(d) Dress or replace wheels that are chipped, have imbedded non-ferrous material, are rounded, or worn out of round prior to using the grinder.

(e) Replace fabric buffer wheels that are frayed or worn out of round.

(f) Replace wire buffer wheels that are badly worn or loose at the hub.

(g) Permanently mounted buffers and grinders shall have a shatterproof safety shield in place between the operator's eyes and the work at all times while buffing and grinding. Wear eye and hearing protection (if posted as noise hazardous) when


C13-16

operating either portable or permanently mounted buffers or grinders.

(h) Clean the flange surface of grinding and buffing wheels, normally placed between washers and the spindle hole, before mounting the wheel so that clamping pressure will be evenly distributed.

(i) Ensure that the hole in the buffer or grinding wheel is of the proper size for spindle (neither too small nor too large).

(j) Use compression washers as large as the flanges in diameter for buffer and grinding wheels.

(k) Tighten spindle nuts just enough to keep the buffer or grinding wheel from moving out of position between the washers.

(l) Mount tool or work rests on firm supports and space not more than one-eighth of an inch from the surface of grinding wheel. Ensure any dust collection bags, of non-flammable material, are in place and emptied regularly.

(m) Ensure that the hood around grinding wheels is

constructed so its periphery can be adjusted to the constantly decreasing diameter of the wheel by means of an adjustable tongue or equivalent. Maintain the distance between the wheel periphery and the tongue or end of the periphery band at approximately one-fourth of an inch.

(n) Ensure that the upper point of opening in the grinding wheel hood facing the operator is not less than 25 degrees and not more than 65 degrees from a vertical line drawn through the spindle center.

(o) Ensure that the maximum exposure of a grinding or cut-off wheel periphery or circumference for hoods on a swing frame machine does not exceed 180 degrees and the top half of the wheel is protected at all times.

(p) Ensure that the maximum exposure of the wheel periphery or circumference on bench or floor stands does not exceed 90 degrees.


C13-17

(q) Protect cup type wheels used for external grinding by either a movable cup guard or a band type guard. Provide all other portable abrasive wheels used for external grinding with safety guards (protection hoods), except as follows:

1. When the work location makes it

impractical, use a wheel equipped with safety flanges.

2. When using wheels two-inches or less in diameter, securely mount the wheel on the end of a steel mandrel.

(r) When safety flanges are required, use them only with wheels designed to fit the flanges. Use only safety flanges of a type and design and properly assembled as to ensure that the pieces of the wheel will be retained in case of accidental breakage.

(s) Ensure portable abrasive wheels used for internal grinding are provided with safety flanges (protection flanges), except as follows:

1. When wheels are two inches or less in diameter, securely mount on the end of a steel mandrel.

2. If the wheel is entirely within the work area being ground.

(t) Ensure that all deck or bench mounted abrasive wheels have a work rest. Keep the work rest adjusted to within one-eighth inch of the wheel periphery to prevent the work from being jammed between the rest and the wheel.

(6) Operating Grinding, Buffing, and Cut-Off Wheels.

(a) Stand to one side of the wheel when first

applying power. (b) Take care that the hands are not drawn into

contact with buffing, grinding, and cut-off wheels.

(c) Never operate stationary grinding wheels unless protective eye guards and hooks are in their place and the tool rest is correctly adjusted.


C13-18

(d) Never operate portable pneumatic or electric grinding machines using wheels and wire brushes without a hood.

(e) Before the power is turned on, check to ascertain that the wheel runs true, is not out of balance, and does not strike or rub against housing, hood, safety shield, or tool rest. Dress wheels as necessary.

(f) Never use a grinding wheel on nonferrous

materials. Nonferrous materials could build up on the wheel causing an imbalance condition, over-heating, or possible debris hazard. Dress grinding wheels that have excessive imbedded non-ferrous material.

(7) Spray Paint and Flame Spray Booths. A paint spray booth is a ventilated structure provided to enclose a spraying operation, to confine and limit the escape of spray, vapor, and residue and direct them safely to an exhaust system. Paint spray booths are installed in AS, CV, CVN, LHD, and LHA type ships. They are typically found in carpenter shops, optical shops, and AIMDs. Spray booths use filters to collect paint overspray. Flame spray booths have a similar function and capture molten metal particle overspray as they are applied to coat items.

(a) If spray paint and metal particles are not filtered out, they will collect in the exhaust fan and ducting, creating a potential fire hazard. Ensure maintenance and filter change-out is conducted in accordance with manufacturer’s procedures.

(b) Consult the respiratory protection manager to

see if supplemental respirators are required. (c) Ensure that only qualified personnel are authorized to use the spray booth.

(8) Industrial Slot Hoods. Parts washers, ultrasonic cleaners, dip tanks, and varnish tanks may be equipped with local exhaust ventilation, usually in the form of a slot hood. A slot hood removes vapors or gases at the point of generation before the contaminant reaches the user’s breathing zone.

(a) Ensure that local exhaust ventilation is operational prior to using. Know where the controllers are for


C13-19

local exhaust systems. If the system is not working properly, notify your supervisor. (b) Ensure the slots on the hood area are not obstructed. (c) Follow the posted operating instructions and safety precautions for the dip tank or washer and never put other than approved chemicals or cleaners into the tank. (9) Drill Presses. Stationary, mounted drill presses must be equipped with guards to prevent injury from shattering drill bits or chips of material. Telescoping drill bit guards, which cover the drill bit as it is lowered and raised during use, are required for all drill presses. (10) Parts Washers and Pollution Prevention Equipment. Enclosed parts washers, ultrasonic cleaners, degreasers, and other pollution prevention devices used in workshops will be provided with local exhaust ventilation and must have posted safety precautions.

______________________

CHAPTER C13

REFERENCES

C1-1. COMFLTFORCOMINST 4790.3, Joint Fleet Maintenance Manual


CHAPTER C14

ORDNANCE C1401. DISCUSSION

a. By mission definition most naval ships carry some type of ordnance for offensive or defensive operations. Ordnance can take the traditional form of shells for large and small caliber guns, or it can be in the form of missile warheads, torpedoes, and nuclear weapons. Generally, every Navy ship has some sort of ordnance on board, ordnance that has the inherent power to destroy a ship, and if alongside a dock, to seriously damage other ships and facilities.

b. The greatest danger from ordnance is explosion. Due to built-in safety devices, ordnance requires outside intervention to set it off unintentionally. Improper handling, fire, excessive heat, or simple misjudgment or mistakes can cause a weapon discharge. The major safety factor in preventing an ordnance catastrophe is a well experienced and knowledgeable person-in-charge that can identify and correct potential safety hazards. A crew who knows and understands the basics of ordnance safety and has a real respect for ordnance hazards is better prepared to assist this supervisor. C1402. GENERAL ORDNANCE PRECAUTIONS

a. Do not smoke or allow open flames near ordnance.

b. If ordnance leaks any material, stop operations immediately; remove leaky ordnance and clean up spill as required for the specific explosive. References C14-1 and C14-2 prescribe the minimum safety requirements and regulations for handling and storing conventional ammunition by units afloat.

c. Get immediate first aid if splashed with rocket fuel or oxidizer.

d. Never enter a space where rocket propellant leaks are suspected without having a gas free survey conducted.

e. Use only authorized equipment on ordnance to perform any operation. Do not use improvised equipment.


C14-2

f. Do not engage in operations involving ordnance which are within a five mile radius of thunderstorms or high winds.

g. Use approved standard operating procedures (SOPs) for all hazardous operations. Discuss such procedures with all personnel concerned and post in the shop spaces specifically designated as ordnance shops, handling rooms or checkout areas. Do not post SOPs in areas where they will present a potential safety hazard, such as the flight deck and hangar deck of carriers and amphibious ships, the main deck of combatants, and the handling areas of ammunition supply ships.

h. Do not leave exposed ordnance unattended. Do not leave open magazines or lockers unattended.

i. Ensure the appropriate hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance (HERO) emission controls are set prior to any ordnance operation. Follow the general HERO requirements of reference C14-2 volume 2 when conducting ordnance operations involving electrically initiated ordnance. C1403. ORDNANCE HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

a. Keep ordnance handling to a minimum and conduct handling with utmost care using certified/qualified personnel, approved equipment, and established procedures. Ensure a safety brief is held prior to ordnance handling operations. This brief shall cover all the duties and responsibilities of personnel involved and details of the operation.

b. Ensure that "BRAVO" flag is flying during ordnance cargo handling operations or a red task light is displayed at night.

c. Thoroughly wash hands after handling ordnance.

d. Do not allow any other cargo handling operations to take place in the area where ordnance handling is taking place.


C14-3

CHAPTER C14

REFERENCES C14-1. NAVSEA OP 4, Ammunition and Explosives Safety Afloat C14-2. NAVSEA OP 3565/NAVAIR 16-1/NAVELEX 0967-LP-624-6010, Electromagnetic Radiation Hazards (Hazards to Personnel, Fuel, and other Flammable Material)


CHAPTER C15

MARINE SANITATION DEVICES (SEWAGE SYSTEMS) C1501. DISCUSSION

a. All naval ships have marine sanitation device (MSDs) designed and operated to prevent the overboard discharge of untreated or inadequately treated sewage into navigable waters of the United States or other countries. b. MSDs either hold raw sewage until it can be discharged overboard or to a pier connection, or treat sewage in certified treatment-based MSDs.

c. All naval ship MSDs must be certified by NAVSEA in accordance with references C15-1, C15-2 and C15-3 to ensure the MSDs meets performance and safety/health requirements. Navy certification of shipboard MSDs is a one-time requirement – there is no time-based recertification requirement for shipboard MSDs. The need to recertify an existing MSD based on modifications by a ship change is determined by NAVSEA and the appropriate ship program manager or type commander. C1502. SANITARY, HYGIENIC, AND SAFETY PROCEDURES a. Hygienic Procedures. The following hygienic procedures are applicable to all MSDs (e.g., collection, holding, and transfer (CHT) systems; vacuum CHT (VCHT) systems; and treatment based MSDs such as fixed activated sludge treatment (FAST) and waste grinding treatment called ORCA):

(1) Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (e.g., rubber gloves, rubber boots, chemical splash goggles, faceshield, and disposable coveralls), while connecting or disconnecting sewage hoses.

(2) After handling sewage transfer hoses or working in MSD spaces, personnel shall thoroughly wash hands, lower arms, and face (in that order) with hot water and soap, especially prior to handling potable water hoses. (3) Make certain that removable drip pans or coamings are installed in health sensitive spaces, such as food storerooms, food preparation or messing areas, sculleries,


C15-2

medical and dental spaces, or berthing spaces, to catch, contain and detect possible leakage from MSD valves or takedown joints. (4) Ensure that removable drip pans are installed beneath transfer pumps, diverter valves, and comminutors to detect leakage or prevent leakage from causing an unsanitary condition. (5) Verify that health-warning placards are posted in appropriate locations, identifying procedures to be followed in those areas. (6) Ensure that personnel exposed to sewage or who work on MSDs or graywater systems are placed in medical surveillance and maintain their basic immunizations as required by reference C15-4. b. Leak or Spill Clean-up Procedures (1) In the event spaces become contaminated with sewage as a result of leaks, spills, or sewage system backflow, evacuate the space immediately and notify the officer of the deck (OOD), damage control assistant, and medical department of the spill. (2) Secure the spill area from traffic. (3) The ship's gas free engineer (GFE) shall test the area to ensure that the atmosphere is within acceptable limits to eliminate risk of fire, explosion, exposure to toxic substances, suffocation or asphyxiation. (4) Use a full facepiece, self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) operated in the pressure-demand mode. If the atmosphere is not within acceptable limits, refer to reference C15-5 for further guidance. (5) Post a safety watch with respiratory protection at the compartment access during clean-up (two-man rule). (6) Remove or wash down spilled sewage. (7) Keep respiratory protective equipment, (supplied air respirator/self-contained breathing apparatus (SAR/SCBA)) available even if the atmosphere is within acceptable limits. Emergency escape breathing devices (EEBD) are to be mounted in all MSD pump rooms and equipment spaces, and kept available in


C15-3

MSD work areas for emergency exiting. A minimum of two EEBDs shall be mounted in each pump room and equipment space. (8) Ensure proper ventilation is provided, maintained and the area is recertified as gas free at least every two hours, (every one hour for ambient temperatures above 90oF), or more frequently if deemed necessary, until the clean-up is complete. (9) Accomplish a final wash down with water, providone/iodine solution and detergent. (10) Treat food service spaces, berthing areas, and medical spaces with an approved disinfectant. (11) The medical department representative (MDR) must certify the space as clean. C1503. GAS FREE ENGINEERING FOR MSD SYSTEMS

WARNING

Ship's force shall not open the manhole or enter a MSD tank at any time unless this is done at a suitable industrial facility and all tank cleaning and gas free requirements are met. If problems develop preventing MSD operations that require such tank access for correction, divert all drains overboard and secure the system until proper facilities are available or use redundant/backup sewage systems, if installed, reference C15-2.

a. MSD tanks and sewage collection and transfer piping systems (piping, valves, pumps, etc.) are considered immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH). Do not open or enter a MSD tank, pump or pipe/valve/pump or remove a component which will leave an opening to the tank unless approval is granted by the commanding officer and the system is inspected and certified by a gas free engineer (GFE) or National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) marine chemist. Toxic and explosive gases may exist in the tank or piping system. b. Observe a no smoking regulation. Do not allow open flame, ordinary electric lights, flashlights, regular tools, or sparking electrical apparatus in or near an open MSD tank.


C15-4

c. Recertify (gas free) open sewage tanks at least every

four hours. Personnel must recognize that even though a tank may be certified gas free, toxic gases can remain in the sludge blanket and could be released when the blanket is disturbed. d. Before opening a tank in any manner, or removing any valves or components below the highest level of the tank overflow, wear proper respiratory protective equipment (see chapter B6 of this manual for respiratory protection requirements or consult the respiratory protection manager (RPM)). e. Utilize continuous net exhaust ventilation (IAW reference C15-5) after opening tank. Ventilation should be sufficient to provide a change of air in the tank every three minutes. Avoid contamination of the air compressor or ventilation intakes. f. Do not weld or perform hot work inside or outside the tank without a GFE determining that the tank is safe for hot work. After welding is complete, inspect the coating for heat damage and repair as necessary. g. See section 4 of reference C15-6 for additional information and precautions.

C1504. CONTROL OF TOXIC GAS HAZARDS IN SEWAGE MSD SYSTEMS To minimize the potential hazards resulting from the release of toxic gases from the MSD system, observe the following precautions: a. Always assume that the MSD tank and piping system contains sewage and toxic gases, and has an oxygen deficient atmosphere. Of particular concern is hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gas with a rotten egg smell at low concentrations. This odor is not reliable as a warning signal because H2S deadens the sense of smell. As H2S concentration increases, the degree of danger increases. b. Never enter the tank or open the manhole access at any time unless at a suitable industrial facility, and only after certification by a GFE, industrial hygienist (certified GFE) or National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) certified marine chemist.


C15-5

c. If hydrogen sulfide is detected by smell when working in the MSD pump room, MSD space, comminutor space, or any space containing sewage piping, evacuate the space immediately. If the space is equipped with a hydrogen sulfide alarm, evacuate the space immediately when the alarm sounds. d. Contact a GFE immediately. A space in which the hydrogen sulfide odor has been detected should only be re-entered by personnel who have been properly trained and are wearing the proper IDLH respiratory protection equipment. e. In any space where a sewage spill has occurred, do not conduct any work or maintenance other than work required to clean up the spill, until gas levels are below acceptable limits, as determined by a GFE, and all sewage wastes, including solids, have been removed from the space and the space washed down.

f. Ensure all hydrogen sulfide alarms and ventilation low

flow indicators are properly maintained and operable at all times. In spaces where the ventilation low flow indicator reads zero and/or the low flow alarm has sounded, ensure the atmosphere is tested prior to entry.

C1505. GRAYWATER COLLECTION/TRANSFER SYSTEMS AND GRAYWATER HOLDING TANKS The sanitary, hygienic, and safety procedures, gas free engineering requirements, and requirements related to the control of toxic gas hazards provided herein also apply to dedicated graywater collection/transfer systems and graywater holding tanks where installed. See reference C15-6 for additional information. C1506. DISCHARGE REQUIREMENTS AND ADDITIONAL GUIDANCE a. Refer to reference C15-2 prior to any discharge of sewage overboard. b. See reference C15-6 for additional guidance and information related to surface ship MSDs.


C15-6

CHAPTER C15

REFERENCES

C15-1. DoD Instruction 4715.6-R1, Regulations on Vessels Owned or Operated by the Department of Defense C15-2. OPNAVINST 5090.1B C15-3. NAVSEAINST 9593.1C, Certification Program for Marine Sanitation Devices (MSDs) Installed on Surface Ships, Craft and Boats in the U.S. Navy C15-4. BUMEDINST 6230.15, Immunizations and Chemoprophylaxis C15-5. Naval Ships' Technical Manual (NSTM) 074, NAVSEA S9086-CH-STM-030/CH-074-VOL3 C15-6. Naval Ships' Technical Manual (NSTM) 593, NAVSEA S9086-T8-STM-000/CW 593R, Pollution Control


CHAPTER C16

HEAVY WEATHER C1601. DISCUSSION a. Heavy weather is any weather condition that results in high winds, extreme sea states, and heavy rain, snow and/or hail. b. There are multitudes of hazards present in heavy weather. Objects can slide or fall on personnel causing injury. Personnel can fall into machinery or equipment. Heavy weather is as dangerous now as it was during the days of sail, and all personnel must be aware of potential hazards and safety requirements. C1602. LIFELINES a. Keep lifelines or rails rigged at all times along all boundaries. Keep permanent lifelines in good repair. b. Keep unguarded openings adjacent liferail or lifeline sections or an end section and adjacent structures to a minimum and in no case greater than 5 inches. C1603. TIE-DOWNS a. Use approved tie-downs or lashing to secure moveable shipboard items, such as aircraft, vehicles and cargo, against the motion of the ship and exposed areas against the forces of wind and waves. b. Seize or tie-down shackles, hooks, turnbuckles, release devices to prevent working loose. Check them for security more frequently in heavy weather. C1604. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS UNDER HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS a. Be aware of stowage locations of all equipment necessary for rigging heavy weather lifelines.

b. Inspect tie-down equipment such as cables, turnbuckles, deck pads and bolts, at frequent intervals to ensure their security.


C16-2

c. Only use the fittings provided on the aircraft, vehicle, and equipment to be transported to secure the item to the ship. d. Do not use excessive force to place a tie-down onto a fitting. e. Ensure that the arrangement of individual tie-down assemblies is in strict conformance with design requirements. f. Ensure that when lashing and tie-down equipment is not in use, it is stowed in its proper location. g. Take special precautions in dealing with equipment which may have broken loose during heavy weather conditions. Conduct an operational risk management (ORM) assessment to evaluate the hazards to personnel and to the ship and identify and implement controls prior to attempting to secure equipment, vehicles, or aircraft. h. Refrain from use of machinery, tools, moving heavy stores, or other non-essential evolutions that may have an increased risk due to the ship’s movement during heavy weather. i. Supervisors must take into account the physical condition (sea sickness) of crew members during heavy ship movement before assigning critical or hazardous tasks. j. In cold weather situations where crew members are assigned to remove snow or ice from topside areas ensure personnel are properly outfitted with cold weather gear and gloves. k. Avoid any mast or topside work, and secure personnel from exterior areas when thunderstorms threaten, whether or not lightning is sighted.


CHAPTER C17

ABANDONING SHIP C1701. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS DURING ABANDONING SHIP a. Wear a full set of clothing including shoes and a soft cap or head covering as protection from exposure. b. Do not wear a helmet (e.g., Kevlar®) or plastic hard hat when going over the side. c. Life preservers authorized by reference C17-1 shall be securely fastened. When distance to the water is over 30 feet and/or there is burning oil on the water, throw the life preserver over the side. Inflatable life preservers shall not be inflated until the wearer is in the water. The life preserver shall be inflated as soon as wearer is in the water and/or clear of flames. d. Go over the sides by means of a line, ladder, or debarkation net if time permits. e. Look first to be sure that water below is clear of personnel or floating gear or wreckage, if it is necessary to jump. f. Do not dive, always jump feet first, with feet and legs together, and arms crossed over the chest holding onto the life preserver. g. Always abandon ship as far away from the damage as possible. h. Know direction of the wind and go to windward side of ship, if possible, to avoid flames, oil, and drift of ship. i. When in the water, concentrate on staying calm and avoiding panic. Obey the following rules: (1) Conserve energy by moving as little as possible. (2) Keep clear of oil slicks, if possible. If possible, protect eyes and breathing passages by keeping head high or swimming underwater. If swimming underwater, prior to


C17-2

coming to the surface, put hands above head and splash the water surface to disperse oil, debris, or flames.

(3) If there is danger of underwater explosion, float or swim on the back as near the surface of the water as possible. (4) Stay with other persons in the water to reduce danger of sharks and make rescue easier. In cold water, forming close circles with others will preserve heat. (5) If ship is sinking rapidly, swim clear promptly, and tow injured persons clear, to avoid suction effect. j. Follow all other procedures/precautions as delineated in the ship's Abandon Ship Bill.

_____________________

CHAPTER C17

REFERENCES C17-1. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) 077, Personnel Protection Equipment


CHAPTER C18

PAINTING AND PRESERVATION C1801. DISCUSSION a. For precautions for application and removal procedures of lead-based containing paint, see chapter B10. This chapter deals exclusively with the application and removal of non-lead containing based paint. b. Many paints, varnishes, lacquers, cleaners, solvents, and other finishing materials contain flammable solvents and, therefore, present a fire hazard. In addition, these same products may give off toxic vapors which can be harmful to health and the environment. It is therefore necessary that personnel take proper precautions in handling and using these products. See reference C18-1 for detailed procedures and precautions. c. Paint removal operations can produce extremely high personnel exposures to toxic substances found in paints, depending on the method of removal. Follow administrative and protective measures to reduce the amount of dust from sanding, grinding, and chipping paints and from fumes generated during hot work on painted surfaces. C1802. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR PAINT REMOVAL a. Ship’s force shall not perform routine shipboard paint removal for cosmetic reasons or due to excessive coating thickness. Ship’s force should only remove paint when required to accomplish preservation of corroded surfaces, incidental to hot work, welding, or when bare metal is necessary for an inspection. b. Wear eye protection, and a long sleeve shirt or coveralls with sleeves rolled down. Consult the respiratory protection manager (RPM) about any respirator requirements for the operation. c. For paint removal, keep mechanical grinding and sanding to the absolute minimum with primary reliance on manual removal methods, impact tools and authorized chemical paint strippers.


C18-2

d. Use only pneumatic, not electric powered, wire brushes and chipping tools over the side. e. When working over the side or aloft, see chapter C8 for additional precautions. f. Wear protective gloves when handling cleaning compounds or chemical removers.

g. Wear electrical safety gloves when using portable, electric-powered tools. See chapter C9 for additional precautions when using electrical power tools. h. Many paint removal tools are noise hazardous equipment. If equipment is labeled as noise hazardous, ensure that proper hearing protective equipment is worn. See chapter B4 for additional information. i. Assume all paint contains substances, such as lead and chromate, which are hazardous to health if ingested or inhaled in small amounts, unless proven otherwise by sample analysis (see Chapter B10 for paint sample analysis procedures). j. Treat all paint debris as environmentally hazardous material and control and dispose of accordingly. When working topside, set up barriers to prevent paint debris from entering surrounding waters. k. Secure and cover all deck drains and installed ventilation systems and openings in the paint removal work area to control dust. Isolate the work area to the maximum extent possible with drop cloths and/or plastic. l. Personnel shall minimize the use of water as dust control or clean-up in the paint removal process, since any used in the operation must be treated as hazardous material (HM). m. Tools and surfaces in at the work area shall be wiped down with a damp cloth or tack cloth after completion of the task to remove dust. n. Ensure that paint debris, wipe down rags, and other disposable materials are separated from reusable coveralls, gloves, and boots. Place disposable materials into plastic bags and turn them in to the ship’s hazardous material minimization center (HAZMINCEN) or HM coordinator.


C18-3

C1803. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR SURFACE PREPARATION AND PAINTING OPERATIONS a. Wear eye protection when painting. b. Do not paint in any area where welding or other hot work is being performed. c. Wear respirators for painting operations if directed by the RPM. d. Return paint in closed, authorized containers, to the paint locker or ship’s HAZMINCEN at the end of each day. e. Store paint, brushes, and stirring sticks in closed metal containers. Do not place or store paint and paint wastes on the pier for extended periods of time. Turn in all paint waste to the ship’s HAZMINCEN or designated area for disposal. f. Ensure exhaust ventilation system is switched on and operational in closed areas when painting. g. Wear protective gloves when handling cleaning compounds, thinners, paints, removers, or other irritants. Do not use electrical safety gloves for paint work. h. De-energize all equipment in areas being painted if using highly flammable paints. i. Use a spray booth when spray painting, if available and practical. j. Use explosion-proof lighting during spray painting operations if using highly flammable paints. k. All paints, paint cleaners, solvents and brush cleaners are HM. Return all containers of paints and thinners to the paint locker or ship’s HAZMINCEN upon completion of the job, at the end of the workday, or when taking a lengthy break. l. Only perform paint mixing in the paint locker or ship’s HAZMINCEN if adequately ventilated. If not adequately ventilated, only mix paints on the weather decks. Provide posted barricades to ensure smoking, open flames, or hot work does not occur in the vicinity of the paint mixing area.


C18-4

m. Avoid prolonged skin contact with paints and thinners and do not use paint thinners or mineral spirits to clean paint off of skin. Use an approved industrial skin cleaner to remove paint from skin. Never use bare hands to mix paints. n. Use approved painting pollution prevention equipment according to the safety precautions provided. (1) Wear eye and skin protection when dispensing paint, maintaining dispensers and brush holders, and cleaning paint brushes. (2) Paint dispensing systems and paint brush holders are to be operated and maintained only by authorized personnel. (3) Approved paint brush holders, provided for storage of paint brushes in mineral sprits, will be kept closed to avoid evaporation and release of vapors into the air.

____________________

CHAPTER C18

REFERENCES C18-1. Naval Ships' Technical Manual, Chapter 631, Painting and Preservation of Ships


CHAPTER C19

FOOD SERVICE AND TRASH AND GARBAGE DISPOSAL EQUIPMENT C1901. DISCUSSION A basic necessity for any ship is a galley. The crew must be fed and personnel must prepare food for consumption. The food preparation required to feed a large body of people means that machinery and equipment must be used. The use of this machinery introduces hazards unique to the galley and food preparation areas. Additional precautions may be found in reference C19-1. Personnel assigned to permanent and temporary work in food service areas shall be given a copy of these precautions prior to beginning their assignment. Every Navy ship and submarine is equipped with trash and garbage processing machinery, frequently under the purview of the Supply Department. This equipment includes pulpers, trash compactors, incinerators, plastic waste processors, and garbage disposals. Use of this machinery has unique hazards as well as environmental pollution ramifications. C1902. GENERAL PRECAUTIONS Before attempting to operate machinery, observe the following general precautions: a. Check for and determine the location of emergency equipment, such as fire extinguishers, cut-off switches, and first aid boxes, to ensure their availability should an accident occur. Ensure machinery, hand tools and electrical equipment are properly grounded prior to operation. Report any deficiencies or malfunctioning equipment to your supervisor. b. Make sure that the work area around the equipment is clear of obstructions and thoroughly dry. Clean up all spills immediately to ensure a clean, dry, non-slippery walking surface. c. Ensure the installed lighting in the work area is operating properly and provides sufficient light. d. Read, observe and follow posted operating instructions and safety precautions.


C19-2

e. If there is any doubt about operating procedures or safety precautions, ask your supervisor. f. Only authorized personnel shall attempt to operate equipment. g. Be certain no loose gear is in the vicinity of moving parts of machines. Make sure all safety guards, screens, and devices are in place before turning on machinery. h. Never use your hands or body to stop moving blades and parts or to clear food in mixers or meat slicers. i. If ship movement is severe, exercise caution in operating machines; if severe movement continues, discontinue nonessential machine operation and turn off equipment. j. Utilize eye and hand protection, and safety equipment such as dip baskets while handling chemicals or hot water. Personnel at the deep sink shall wear protective gloves with elbow-length or longer sleeves to prevent hot water burns. k. Keep your hands, body, and clothing away from operating machine parts. l. Never leave operating machinery unattended. m. Do not attempt to clean or service machinery while it is in operation. Before cleaning, adjusting, oiling or greasing equipment, be sure power is turned off and equipment is DANGER tagged. Follow tag-out procedure when servicing or cleaning equipment. If in doubt about the requirement to tag-out any equipment, consult your supervisor. n. Ensure only authorized personnel make all repairs and service machines. o. Make sure safety devices such as safety interlocks on galley equipment, such as the covers of vegetable peelers and bread slicer, are maintained in proper working condition at all times. If removed for any reason, replace such devices before the machine is returned to operation. p. Remove rings and watches, pagers, cell phones, and eliminate any loose clothing such as rolled-up sleeve cuffs, oversized gloves, and ill-fitting coats and jackets.


C19-3

q. Ensure that permanently-mounted equipment is hardwired (extension cords are not permitted). Know where the cut-off switches for hard-wired equipment are located. Obey all tag-out tags on switches. r. When cleaning, look before reaching into enclosed spaces or under grills or griddles for loose wires or sharp obstructions. s. Avoid touching sharp metal edges of opened cans and lids. t. Report any injuries, such as burns, cuts or open wounds, to your supervisor. C1903. COOKING UTENSILS a. Make certain that all heavy items, knives, and other sharp tools are securely fastened and stowed in racks to prevent injury to personnel. b. Secure all coffee pots and urns to prevent dislodging and splashing. c. Exercise extreme caution and care when handling hot oils, water, and other liquids or when operating steam valves and equipment. In heavy or moderate sea states, do not transfer hot liquids. d. Never leave operating hot plates, pots, griddles, or fryers unattended. e. Be careful not to place meat, vegetables, or other foods on a knife or other sharp instrument. The food may conceal the cutting edge. f. Do not place knives in the wash water until ready to wash them. Lay them in plain view beside the sink. g. When using a cleaver, keep your free hand as far from the path of the cleaver as is necessary to assure safety. h. Use a protective glove (e.g., metal fiber or Kevlar®) when boning meat.


C19-4

i. Keep the surfaces of meat blocks level. j. Do not allow pot/pan handles to extend beyond the edge of the range. They can be bumped and serious burns to personnel result from spilled food or liquid.

k. Before removing foods from hot ranges and ovens, be sure there is a clear place on which to set them and clear the path to that place.

l. Use only the proper implements for opening cans and other containers. m. Keep knives in a rack designated for this purpose only. n. Magnetic knife racks are prohibited due to knife magnetism picking up foreign material. o. Keep knives sharp at all times. p. Ensure hot pads are clean and dry. q. Keep all tools clean and dry. C1904. FOOD PREPARATION a. Practice good personal hygiene at all times, and report all illnesses and injuries to your supervisor. b. Keep your hands clean and thoroughly wash hands with soap and water after using the head, touching your mouth or nose, or handling raw meat or fish.

c. Keep fingernails short. d. Wear appropriate hair covering at all times in food-handling areas. e. Do not touch food with your bare hands. Use appropriate implements for handling food or wear plastic food handling gloves. f. Never handle food when you have an open wound or infection of any kind on your hands or arms. If you develop a sore throat, cold, intestinal disturbance, or symptoms of other general disease, report to the corpsman at once.


C19-5

g. Clean up spilled food immediately. h. Do not use leftovers held over 36 hours. Ensure all leftovers are marked with the date and time they were placed in storage. i. Ensure that distant-reading dial thermometers and, when required, electronic temperature-monitoring units are installed and operating. Verify thermometer accuracy monthly. Ensure the emergency door-release mechanism required in "walk-in" refrigerators and freezers is installed and properly operating. j. Discard protein foods that have remained at temperature between 40 degrees Fahrenheit and 140 degrees Fahrenheit longer than three hours. k. Observe safety precautions around all electrical equipment to avoid injury from shock. Do not reach into areas for cleaning around griddles and ovens that have exposed wiring unless the equipment has been tagged out. l. Notify your supervisor immediately if the heat stress dry bulb thermometers read 100 degrees Fahrenheit or greater, or if you experience dizziness, nausea, or other heat stress related symptoms. m. Wear eye and hand protection when using oven cleaners or other strong cleaning materials. Do not dispense bulk cleaners into spray bottles without properly labeling the spray bottle with the new contents. See chapter C23 for details on handling of hazardous materials and atmosphere contaminants. C1905. SAFE OPERATION OF FOOD SERVICE EQUIPMENT a. General precautions. Observe all posted operating procedures for each piece of food service equipment. Additionally, inspect all electrical equipment (range, griddle hotplate, and disposals) for exposed, chafed or frayed wiring.

(1) Ensure all power switches are functional. (2) Ensure all required guards are in place.

(3) Ensure rubber boots over switches in wet areas are in good condition.


C19-6

(4) Ensure all personnel operating equipment or performing food service functions are trained and properly supervised. (5) Ensure meat slicers are de-energized at the power source, not just turned off with a local switch, prior to dismantling/reassembling for cleaning. Ensure any switches on meat slicers are guarded to prevent then being turned on unintentionally. b. Deep Fat Fryer (1) Beware, this is high voltage equipment. (2) Extinguish a fire in the deep fat fryer per reference C19-2. (3) Never leave fryer unattended when in use. (4) If solid fat is used, do not allow large pieces to drop on heating units or thermostat bulb. (5) Whenever possible, melt solid cooking oil or fat prior to putting into deep fat fryer. (6) Ensure heating coils are completely covered with fat before turning on the equipment. (7) Never exceed the maximum temperature noted by manufacturer. (8) Monitor cooking oil temperature with a proper thermometer whenever the deep fat fryer is in use. Ensure back up safety thermostat is installed and operational. (9) Install cover when fryer is not in use. (10) Secure deep fat fryer following posted instructions when not in use. (11) Ensure that grease spills are cleaned up promptly.


C19-7

(12) Wash and change grease filters in range hoods as often as necessary per PMS, but not less than weekly, to avoid the danger of fire. c. Dough Mixing Machine (1) Never attempt to cut dough while the agitator is revolving. (2) Never attempt to knead or feel consistency of dough product while machine is in operation. (3) Never attempt to clean out a bowl in the tilt position by reaching in unit while the agitator is revolving. (4) Check safety switch to lid cover for proper functioning in accordance with PMS. d. Food Mixing Machine (1) Use proper machine speed for the specific operation. (2) Never place hands into the bowl while machine is in operation. e. Vegetable Cutting and Slicing Machine (1) Always use plunger when applying pressure on vegetables being fed into the hopper. (2) Do not use loose-fitting gloves when operating the machine. f. Meat Slicing Machine (1) Never operate the machine unless the blade guard is secured in place. (2) Do not use hands to press down food. (3) Never touch the blade when it is running or exposed for slicing. (4) Set index at zero and secure power at the distribution box or by pulling the plug when cleaning blade.


C19-8

(5) Ensure slicing machines are provided with a toggle switch finger guard that is oriented in the proper direction for protection. (6) Always disconnect power cord prior to cleaning and reconnect only when ready to use. (7) Once de-energized, clean the blade with a clean, detergent-soaked cloth wrapped around a cook's fork or other extension utensil. Rinse the blades following a similar procedure and sanitize them with an approve disinfectant. (8) Reassemble machine after cleaning. g. Steam Kettle (1) Each day this equipment is used, test the safety relief-valve while under operating pressure by pulling the chain attached to the safety relief valve arm. (2) Do not tamper with the safety-valve or tie it closed. It is there to prevent the kettle from exploding. (3) Do not apply steam to an empty kettle; never put water into a hot, dry kettle. (4) Ensure safety relief-valve levers are equipped with an 18-inch chain to allow activation from a safe distance. Chains must be mounted in such a way that the need to reach over or between/behind hot kettles is eliminated. (5) Ensure steam-jacketed kettles are hydrostatically tested as required by the equipment maintenance requirement card (MRC). (6) Piping from relief valves shall extend to just inside the deck coaming. (7) Lagging under steam kettle shall be removed and replaced with perforated steel or aluminum with approximately 1/2-inch stand off. h. Electric Griddle (1) Keep griddle turned off when not in use.


C19-9

(2) Keep cooking surface and grease gutter scraped and wiped clean at all times. (3) Remove, empty, and clean grease drawer after each use. Do not reach into the drawer area for cleaning unless the griddle is tagged out. (4) Use griddle guards to keep food from sliding off the cooking surface. (5) Never use water to clean a griddle surface. Wipe the surface with clean, dry paper towels when the griddle is cold. Use pumice stone block to clean hard-to-remove burn spots. i. Coffee Urn (1) Do not introduce water too quickly into the boiler. (2) Do not overfill boiler. Be sure water has stopped rising in the gauge glass after the water-inlet valve is closed. Do not turn on activating switch until water-level gauge reads full or the pressure control dial reads 36 ounces. (3) Do not open urn cover while siphon valve is open. Do not agitate coffee while cover is open. Do not remove leacher from the urn body until it is completely drained. (4) Do not obstruct safety-valve outlet. Keep equipment clean. Clean the urn immediately after use to prevent development of rancid taste. j. Ranges and Ovens (1) Do not allow grease to collect in oven. (2) Do not clean oven while it is hot. (3) Clean oven thoroughly once a week in addition to normal daily cleaning. (4) Turn off surface units when not in use. (5) Keep range drip-pan and grease trough clean. Never allow grease to accumulate since it is a serious fire hazard.


C19-10

(6) Observe the electrical wiring under the range griddle/hot plate to see if wiring is secured in place and not chafed or in contact with the grease drip-pan. Tag-out the power source prior to cleaning under the range, griddle, or hot plate. DO NOT attempt to correct faulty wiring yourself. Report electrical hazards to your supervisor. k. Proofer (1) Only authorized personnel are permitted to operate this equipment. (2) Clean the proofer after each use. l. Dishwashing Machine. Observe operating instructions and safety precautions. (1) Ensure rubber protectors over switches are in good condition (no cracks or tears). (2) Wear protective equipment when changing out cleaner dispensers. (3) General ventilation in the space and local exhaust ventilation to remove steam from the machine must be operational. (4) Do not reach into the dishwashing machine while operating - secure power before trying to clear the conveyor. m. Steam Table (1) Use the proper implements, such as pot holders and tongs, for handling the containers. (2) Tilt containers away from you when inserting them into the wells. (3) Carry hot liquids in covered containers with the covers securely in place and use heat protective hand protection. (4) Promptly mop up grease which is spilled on the deck.


C19-11

n. Gaylord Exhaust Hoods. (1) The fire extinguisher control box contains a live electrical circuit. Prevent water or other cleaning fluids from entering this box. (2) The baffle blades and interior of hood should be cleaned at least once a day to prevent fires from accumulation of grease. (3) Keep the access doors closed during the wash and rinse cycles to prevent hot water from splashing personnel. (4) Keep hood drains clear at all times. o. Meat Chopping Machine (1) Never feed this equipment by hand. Use a pestle (stomper). (2) Never attempt to remove anything from these machines while they are operating. (3) Always disconnect the machines before cleaning them. p. Meat Tenderizing Machine (1) Never place your hands near the feed slot when feeding material into this machine. (2) Avoid wearing loose fitting gloves. q. Potato Peeler (1) Make sure water is running before operating this equipment. (2) Never put your hand in this machine while it is operating. C1906. TRASH AND GARBAGE PREOCESSING EQUIPMENT

a. Garbage Grinder (1) Do not put hands into grinder when in operation.


C19-12

(2) Start grinder and turn on water before feeding waste. (3) Feed food waste gradually. (4) Do not feed metal, wood, cloth, rubber, plastics, or corn husks into the garbage grinder. If such material is fed accidentally, stop grinder immediately and remove object after disconnecting power. Do not feed bones larger than 1/4 inch in diameter for the 400-pound/hour model or larger than 1 inch in diameter for the 1,600-pound/hour model into the grinder.

b. Trash Compactor. Refer to chapter C13 for precautions on the operation of the trash compactor. c. Plastic Waste Processor (PWP) (1) Only authorized personnel may operate the PWP. (2) Hazards with the PWP include hot surfaces, electrical hazards when cleaning, and slippery decks. (3) Follow operating instructions provided with the PWP. (4) Wear the proper personal protective equipment including heavy-duty gloves, safety glasses, and leather apron while operating the plastic waste processor.

d. Incinerator

(1) Only authorized personnel may operate the incinerator. (2) Hazards with the incinerator include hot surfaces. (3) Follow operating instructions provided with the incinerator. (4) Wear the proper personnel protective equipment including heavy-duty gloves, face shield, and apron while operating the incinerator.


C19-13

e. Pulper (1) Do not put hands into pulper when in operation.

(2) Only authorized personnel may operate the pulper.

(3) Hazards with the pulper include electrical hazards when cleaning and slippery decks. (4) Follow operating instructions provided with the pulper. (5) Wear the proper personnel protective equipment including rubber gloves, face shield, and apron while operating the pulper. f. Solid Waste Shredder (1) Do not put hands into shredder when in operation.

(2) Only authorized personnel may operate the solid waste shredder. (3) Hazards with the shredder include electrical hazards when cleaning and slippery decks. (4) Follow operating instructions provided with the shredder. (5) Wear the proper personnel protective equipment including heavy-duty gloves, safety glasses, and leather apron while operating the shredder.

_________________________

CHAPTER C19

REFERENCES C19-1. NAVMED P-5010, Manual of Preventive Medicine C19-2. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) 555, Surface Ship Fire Fighting


CHAPTER C20

LAUNDRIES AND PHOTOGRAPHY LABS AND DARKROOMS C2001. DISCUSSION Hazards in laundries, dry cleaning plants, and photographic laboratories include mechanical equipment, toxic chemicals, electric power, and heat stress. Safety precautions contained in this chapter are basic and general. Ships shall provide personnel assigned to work with laundry equipment with a copy of these precautions prior to beginning their assignment. C2002. LAUNDRY PRECAUTIONS

a. General Precautions (1) See chapters B3 and C23 for handling and stowage

requirements for hazardous materials used in laundries and dry cleaning plants.

(2) Personnel shall use protective equipment listed in the material safety data sheet (MSDS) or current industrial hygiene survey when required.

(3) Ensure a readily accessible emergency eye wash station is installed in the laundry area.

(4) Do not disable two-hand safety switches on any of the presses, and ensure personnel using presses are trained in their safety precautions.

(5) Ensure ventilation systems and spot coolers are functioning in laundry and press areas, and presses and dry cleaning machines are provided with local exhaust ventilation. (6) Ensure automated detergent dispensers are properly maintained and electrically grounded.

b. Washer Extractor

(1) Thoroughly examine all clothing before cleaning; remove all foreign materials such as matches, lighters, ink pens, and metallic objects.


C20-2

(2) Make certain that the cylinder door is firmly latched before operating the machine.

(3) Do not exceed the prescribed loading capacity of the

cylinder; doing so may damage the machine or prove hazardous to personnel.

(4) Ensure the machine is entirely disconnected from the

circuit before cleaning or servicing. Use safety tag-out procedures as required by reference C20-1 and preventive maintenance system (PMS) requirements.

(5) Ensure safety devices, such as the safety interlock on

cover, are maintained in proper working condition at all times. If removed or out of order for any reason, replace safety devices before the machine is put into operation.

(6) Do not exceed the recommended detergent amount for load

size being washed. Excessive soap may cause skin irritation. (7) Ensure safety precautions and operating procedures are

posted. c. Tumbler Dryer

(1) Turn off power prior to loading and unloading machine. (2) Never overload the machine. (3) Never open the door while the tumbler is in motion. (4) Before servicing or cleaning, be sure the power to the

tumbler dryer is entirely disconnected. Use safety tag-out procedures as required by reference C20-1 and PMS.

(5) Maintain safety devices in proper working order at all

times. If removed for any reason, replace safety devices before machine is put into motion.

(6) Ensure that the primary lint screen is checked and

cleaned as required prior to use and after every drying cycle. Ensure the secondary lint filter is cleaned after every four hours of operation (eight hours for self-serve laundry).

(7) Ensure someone is watching the machine while it is

running. It is a fire hazard.


C20-3

(8) Ensure safety and fire prevention precautions and

operating procedures are posted. (9) Never allow the dryer temperature to exceed 160oF (71

degrees Centigrade). d. Self-Service Laundries

(1) Ensure self-service laundry equipment is installed only in authorized areas, where dryer ventilation, drainage, and electrical service are provided.

(2) Post safety precautions and operating instructions at

each unit. (3) Clean dryer lint filters after each use. (4) Dryer vents must be directed into an approved overboard

exhaust, never to water filter units within the space. (5) Self-service units may only be plugged into approved

receptacles and not hard wired into the ship’s electrical system. C2003. PRECAUTIONS FOR LITHOGRAPHIC, PHOTOGRAPHIC AND RADIOGRAPHIC DARKROOMS AND LABORATORIES a. Ensure each chemical mixing and developing area is equipped with an emergency eye wash station if it is determined that corrosive liquid hazards exist. b. Avoid skin contact with chemicals. Personnel shall use protective equipment listed in the industrial hygiene survey when required. c. Clean protective equipment after each use. d. Take care when entering or leaving darkroom areas because of the rapid change of lighting. e. Inspect all electrical connections frequently for damage and fraying. Ensure that all electrical equipment is properly grounded, has been safety checked, and approved electrical plugs are used.


C20-4

f. Never touch an electrical plug, switch, or any part of an electrically operated machine with wet hands or while standing on a wet deck.

g. Use rubber mats with appropriate electrical ratings around equipment that could cause electrical shock. h. Ensure chemicals are stored in accordance with ship’s hazardous material (HM) or hazardous material minimization center (HAZMINCEN) requirements. i. Ensure chemicals are properly collected for disposal as directed by the ship’s HAZMINCEN, and that overboard deck drains are secured when a potential for chemical spillage exists. j. Use the following precautions with flash equipment:

(1) Severe electrical shock is the hazard to guard against when using electronic flash equipment. Stored energy in photographic electronic flash units can be lethal (some units operate from voltages as high as 4,000 volts). Use caution whenever operating this equipment.

(2) Only those thoroughly familiar with the equipment

shall repair electronic flash equipment. The storage capacitors may have a large charge at high voltage and can be discharged at high amperage which may be lethal.

(3) Use extreme caution when utilizing flash equipment

on the flight deck during launch, recovery, or taxi evolutions especially at night. At no time use flash equipment without the expressed approval of the flight deck officer.

___________________

CHAPTER C20

REFERENCES C20-1. NAVSEA S0400-AD-URM-010, Tag-Out Users Manual (TUM)


CHAPTER C21

MEDICAL AND DENTAL FACILITIES C2101. DISCUSSION This chapter contains basic safety precautions that medical and dental personnel must observe to protect themselves and their patients from harm. Consult operating manuals and Planned Maintenance System (PMS) maintenance requirement cards (MRCs) for complete safety precautions related to specific items of equipment. C2102. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR MEDICAL AND DENTAL FACILITIES a. Special Precautions

(1) Dispose of disposable needles and syringes in "sharps" containers as an entire unit.

(2) Keep all liquid pesticides under lock and key.

Keep bulk amounts in a flammable liquid storeroom. (3) Ensure that only medical department personnel who

are instructed in the proper use and toxicity of the pesticides use them.

(4) Keep all poisons and bulk compounding materials

under lock and key. (5) Double lock the pharmacy when not in use, with keys

made available only to authorized personnel. (6) Do not stow, use, or dispense methyl alcohol in the

pharmacy. (7) Account for methyl alcohol in same manner as ethyl

alcohol and narcotics. Attach a prominent label to each container of methyl alcohol with clear warning of its dangerous qualities.

(8) Maintain a poison antidote locker. Secure the

locker with a seal and ensure a complete inventory is made whenever the locker seal is broken.


C21-2

(9) Stow inorganic medical acids such as hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric and phosphoric in lead-lined or acid-resistant containers in the medical storeroom (see chapter C23). Stow organic acids such as glacial acetic, oxalic, carbolic, cresylic, and picric acids in a locker lined in acid resistant material (not lead) in the flammable liquids storeroom (see chapter C23).

(10) Only keep a minimum working stock of flammable

materials (e.g., alcohol and acetone) on hand in medical department spaces. Keep stocks of a bulk nature in a separate locked cabinet in the flammable liquid storeroom.

(11) Ensure only medical department personnel handle

bacteriological specimens. (12) Due to a large number of extremely hazardous

shipboard jobs requiring full attention at all times, label all medications affecting awareness.

(13) When handling and disposing of medical waste

follow the guidelines in reference C21-1. b. General Safety Precautions

(1) Do not permit any smoking in areas where oxygen is being administered.

(2) Secure all medical equipment having wheels when not

in use. Use wheel blocks or securing straps for this purpose. c. Sitz Bath and Whirlpool Tank. Safety check electrical cords to ensure that all cords are in good repair (e.g., without frayed insulation or exposed wires), prior to such treatments to preclude the potential for electrical shock.

CAUTION: Do not use electrical appliances including radios, other than authorized equipment in the physical therapy spaces at any time.


C21-3

_______________________

CHAPTER C21

REFERENCES

C20-1. OPNAV P-45-113-3-99, Afloat Medical Waste Management Guide (NSN: 0420-LP-022-6620)


CHAPTER C22

CO2 FIXED FLOODING SYSTEM SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AND PROCEDURES C2201. DISCUSSION

a. This chapter contains basic safety precautions that personnel must observe to protect themselves from harm from carbon dioxide (CO2) fixed flooding systems. Consult operating manuals and Planned Maintenance System (PMS) Maintenance Requirement Cards (MRCs) for complete safety precautions related to specific items of equipment.

b. Follow the procedures and precautions in this chapter whenever performing corrective or preventive maintenance work inside or outside a space protected by a CO2 fixed flooding system. This includes work on the CO2 fixed flooding system and in the immediate area of manual or electrical controls for the system.

c. This chapter discusses the health hazards of CO2, general safety precautions, and procedures for disabling CO2 fixed flooding systems, for general maintenance and for rescue personnel.

d. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless, odorless gas that is naturally present in the atmosphere at an average concentration of 0.03 percent. It extinguishes fires at high concentrations by reducing the concentration of oxygen to the point that combustion stops. Concentrations of CO2 in the range of 30 to 70 percent are needed to extinguish fires.

e. Carbon dioxide for firefighting is stored as a liquid at high pressures. Upon discharge into a protected space, most of the liquid flashes to vapor and the rest forms fine, dry ice particles. C2202. HEALTH HAZARDS OF CARBON DIOXIDE

a. Carbon dioxide is 1.5 times heavier than air, and will collect at low points. Unless forced ventilation is provided CO2 will remain in the protected space and may migrate to adjacent spaces, especially if they are lower than the protected space. Ship's personnel should be aware of this whenever they approach a room in which the CO2 has discharged.


C22-2

b. If CO2 concentrations are greater than 30 percent, loss of

consciousness will occur within half a minute. As the concentration increases further, cardiac arrest, brain damage due to lack of oxygen, and even death might occur. The body reacts to concentrations less than 10 percent by rapid and deeper breathing, headaches, and vomiting.

c. Tests have shown that within two seconds of actuation of a CO2 fixed flooding system within a protected space, visibility is obstructed and within three seconds enough pressure has built up to prevent opening inward swinging doors. C2203. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

a. Personnel performing work inside CO2-protected spaces without a CO2 system time delay, shall ensure that inward swinging access doors are blocked open by a positive means, such as a C-clamp rigidly attached to the frame or door, to provide a minimum opening of six inches.

b. Ensure that the following safety precautions are followed when working on the CO2 system INSIDE a CO2-protected space with the CO2 system functional:

(1) Do not begin work on a CO2 fixed-flooding system until

a safety briefing has been given to all personnel involved in the maintenance work, the assigned rescue personnel, and persons in areas susceptible to CO2 leakage.

(2) Verify that CO2-protected space ventilation is in operation.

(3) Evacuate all personnel from the CO2-protected space except those directly associated with the maintenance work. Evacuate all non-essential personnel from areas susceptible to CO2 leakage.

(4) Identify and be familiar with an escape path from the protected space and areas susceptible to leakage of CO2 to a safe haven not susceptible to CO2 leakage.

(5) Verify that doors or hatches to the CO2-protected space and from areas susceptible to CO2 leakage are blocked open and hatches or doors on the way to a well-ventilated space or to the weather are blocked open.


C22-3

(6) Post temporary danger signs to warn personnel of the

hazard and temporary warning signs to limit access to the CO2-protected space and spaces susceptible to leakage of CO2. These signs should have lettering of at least one inch high. Danger signs shall include the words, "DANGER - CARBON DIOXIDE GAS - WHEN ALARM SOUNDS - VACATE IMMEDIATELY." Post signs at the accesses to CO2-protected spaces, inside the protected space, and inside all spaces susceptible to CO2 leakage.

(7) Ensure all personnel inside CO2-protected spaces wear operating oxygen breathing apparatus (OBAs).

(8) Verify that all personnel in spaces susceptible to leakage of CO2 have emergency escape breathing devices (EEBDs) immediately available.

(9) Ensure rescue personnel are assigned, equipped, and located per paragraph C2206. Rescue personnel shall maintain a count of personnel inside the CO2-protected space.

c. Ensure that the following safety precautions are followed

when working on the CO2 system OUTSIDE a CO2-protected space with the CO2 system functional: Follow the procedures listed in paragraph C2203b for work done inside the CO2-protected space with the exception of the following escape path procedures.

(1) Verify that the doors and hatches to the CO2-protected space are closed.

(2) Verify that the doors or hatches in the escape path are blocked open.

d. Test the alarm systems within the guidelines provided by the PMS cards.

e. Be aware that any movement of the cylinder or the pull cable can actuate the pull-cable actuation systems.

f. Be aware that the seawater sprinkling system controls look similar to components of the CO2 fixed-flooding systems.

g. Be aware that CO2 can be discharged from CO2 bottles if they are dropped and their discharge heads become damaged.


C22-4

h. Take precautions to not accidentally rotate the CO2

cylinder in its brackets, thereby putting tension on the actuation cable.

i. Follow PMS procedures carefully during the process of removing and installing discharge and control heads to avoid accidental discharge of CO2. C2204. GENERAL PROCEDURES DURING MAINTENANCE WORK

a. Ensure that the damage control assistant (DCA), the engineering officer of the watch (EOOW), cognizant department head, and the officer of the deck (OOD), when underway;, or, the command duty officer (CDO), engineering department duty officer, cognizant department head, the OOD, and damage control (DC) central, when in-port, are notified and requested to be ready to respond immediately in case of an emergency before the work starts.

b. Ensure that all personnel directly involved follow tag-out procedures, including tag-out of all locations from which CO2 discharge can be actuated.

c. The cognizant division officer shall verify that all ship maintenance personnel involved in maintenance on CO2 fixed-flooding systems meet the applicable Personnel Qualification Standards and that knowledgeable, qualified supervision is assigned.

d. Ensure that any actuation of a CO2 discharge alarm, either audible or visual, is investigated. An alarm that continues longer than one minute is abnormal and should be immediately investigated.

e. When corrective or preventive maintenance work is being done on the CO2 system, do not permit normal space functions and other maintenance work in the CO2-protected space. C2205. DISABLING PROCEDURES

a. Always disable CO2 fixed-flooding systems by removal of the discharge heads and removal of the CO2 cylinder control head, when installed.


C22-5

b. Ensure that the period of time that a CO2 fixed-flooding system is disabled is limited whenever flammable material is in the CO2 protected space.

c. Establish backup flammable liquid fire fighting capabilities (such as an aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) hose or a seawater hose with a five gallon can of AFFF concentrate and a portable educator) during the period the CO2 system is disabled.

d. Establish fire watches during the period that the CO2 system is disabled. C2206. RESCUE PERSONNEL PROCEDURES

a. Ensure that a minimum of two rescue personnel are assigned. Assign additional personnel when more than four maintenance personnel are present using a ratio of one rescue person for each two maintenance personnel.

b. Locate rescue personnel at or near the access to the CO2-protected space in which the maintenance work is being performed or in the area in which the work is being done outside the CO2-protected space. Position rescue personnel so that they can monitor maintenance personnel and space/area conditions.

c. One rescue person shall have communications, such as a sound-powered phone, with a manned location such as damage control central, main control, the quarterdeck, or the bridge.

d. Equip assigned, qualified rescue personnel with SCBA or OBAs and ensure they are capable of providing cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

e. Once accidental discharge of CO2 has occurred, rescue personnel should do the following:

(1) Inform DC central, main control, and the quarterdeck (when in port) or the bridge (when underway) of the emergency and request assistance, including medical assistance.

(2) Help maintenance personnel escape.

(3) Count personnel leaving area to assure all personnel have departed.


C22-6

(4) Search for personnel who have not departed and assist them to escape.

(5) Verify that space in which CO2 is dumped is free of personnel and then close the access door or hatch to reduce spread of CO2 to other areas of the ship or space.

(6) Proceed to a safe haven.

(7) Perform CPR on any personnel that require help until assistance arrives.

(8) Report status of escape to operating station.

(9) Start ventilation to space.

f. Rescue personnel shall wear personal protective equipment (SCBA or OBA) appropriate for entry into immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) atmospheres (refer to paragraphs B0610(a) and (d)).


C23-1

CHAPTER C23

HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT STANDARDS C2301. DISCUSSION a. Hazardous material control and management (HMC&M) standards address policy requirements for the requisitioning, receiving, storage, use, and disposal of all hazardous material (HM). The information in this chapter provides the policy guidance that ships need to properly manage and control HM. It implements the requirements contained in Chapter B3 and considerations cited in the other references listed at the end of this chapter. b. Special precautions are required for the stowage, handling, and use of HM aboard ship. Significant hazards include fire, poisoning by inhalation of toxic substances in unventilated spaces, dermatitis, asphyxiation, and burns of the skin and eyes. This chapter contains specific management guidance and precautions for stowage and use of all HM, and specific precautions for selected materials. Chapter B3 of this manual describes HMC&M emergency response and training requirements.

c. In order to comply with Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) direction, all U.S. Navy ships are required to implement the Consolidated Hazardous Material Reutilization and Inventory Management Program (CHRIMP). This program is a HM control and management plan calling for all HM to be centrally controlled onboard ships. CHRIMP requires the establishment/installation of Hazardous Material Minimization Centers (HAZMINCENs) on each ship for the centralized management of all shipboard HM, used and excess HM and empty HM containers. The HAZMINCEN is an issue/reuse site with HM inventory tracking by the Hazardous Inventory Control System for Windows (HICSWIN) software for surface ships and the Submarine Hazardous Material Inventory and Management System (SHIMS) for submarines.

d. Execution of CHRIMP through the establishment of a HAZMINCEN should reduce on board quantities of HM through inventory control and management. However, sufficient material should be available on board after these efforts to conduct HAZMINCEN operations and perform the preventive, corrective, and facilities maintenance needed to support ship operations.

e. Refer to chapter B3 to obtain Navy HMC&M definitions.


C23-2

f. The HMC&M Program shall be evaluated for compliance and effectiveness, in accordance with chapter B3. The checklists of appendices B3-C (Surface ships) and C23-B (Surface), may be used for this purpose. Additional supporting information and checks can be found in references C23-7 and C23-10. During HM coordinator spot checks and other inspections, all or portions of the checklists of appendices B3-C and C23-B may be used. The HM coordinator shall ensure the appropriate supervisor is included in inspections of work-centers and HM storage areas. C2302. HMC&M - HAZMINCEN STANDARDS a. HMC&M - HAZMINCEN Program Element Overview. The following elements (from B0302) are essential for effective surface ship HMC&M. The requirements associated with these elements are described in the paragraphs that follow. (1) Centralized Inventory Management/Tracking. Record and control HM using the Navy-developed, HICSWIN software. This software enables the user the ability to control the HM inventory. The HICSWIN Users Guide provides the user the information needed to utilize the system.

(2) Requisitioning and Receiving Authorized HM. Afloat units shall centrally manage authorized HM (new, used and excess) through the operation of a HAZMINCEN. The HAZMINCEN shall requisition, receive, store and centrally control the issue of all HM with a SHML MMI of “Y” and collection of all HM for disposal for the ship. The material management indicator (MMI) code identifies items which the HAZMINCEN controls. (3) HM Container Labeling. Ensure HM container labeling complies with this chapter and applicable references. (4) Storage of HM. The HAZMINCEN shall store incompatible HM separately to prevent the occurrence of an adverse reaction. HM and HAZMINCEN facilities shall be designed and operated to prevent risks to personnel or to the space in which they are stored. (5) Controlling HM Issue/Re-issue/Return. Afloat units shall make HM available to work-centers 24 hours a day, and collect previously issued HM for reuse, alternate use, or offload. Record issue/return/re-issue in HICSWIN. Restrict the amount of HM in use to the lowest level necessary for the work performance of ship work-centers.


C23-3

(6) HM Container Compatibility. Store HM in containers reserved and configured exclusively for HM. (7) Consolidation/Offload/Disposal of Used or Excess HM. Afloat units shall process HM for safe offload/disposal in accordance with this chapter and other applicable documentation. Provide optimal procedures and facilities for the turn-in of used HM, empty HM containers, and HM-contaminated items. (8) HM use and Handling Requirements. Afloat units shall use personnel protective equipment when using and handling HM. Afloat units shall transport HM safely throughout the ship. HM and HAZMINCEN facilities shall be designed and operated to prevent risks to personnel. (9) Training. The HM Coordinator shall normally receive en route training at the Navy Supply Corps School’s basic and department head courses. The HM Supervisor, and other assigned personnel as required by the activity manpower document, shall be a graduate of the HMC&M Technician (SNEC 9595) course (A-322-2600 or A-322-2601). At a minimum the HM supervisor shall also be a graduate of the CHRIMP/HICS Technician course. (see paragraph chapter B3)

b. Centralized Inventory Management/Tracking of HM. Record and control HM using the Navy-developed, HICSWIN software. This software enables the user the ability to control the HM inventory. The HICSWIN Users Guide provides the user the information needed to utilize the system.

c. Requisitioning and Receiving Authorized HM

(1) HM Stock Number Purchase. Before ordering any HM, ships shall determine that a valid requirement exists (PMS, technical manual) and determine if the HM is authorized on the Type-Ships Hazardous Material List (T-SHML). If there is a valid requirement for HM not listed on the T-SHML, a SHML Feedback Report (SFR) including justification for that material shall be submitted. The SHML Feedback Report, when completed and signed by the commanding officer (or a designated officer O-5 or above) and attached to the purchase request, shall be used as the required certification. The ship shall obtain an MSDS from the manufacturer or supplier prior to approval of a new product for purchase or use and retain the material safety data sheets (MSDS) aboard. An SHML Feedback Report with the hazardous material information resource system (HMIRS) MSDS number shall be


C23-4

submitted via Standard Automated Logistics Tool Set (SALTS) Software to naval inventory control point (NAVICP) Code 0772, notifying the appropriate type commander and procurement department. Submittal of an SFR for a material which is not currently identified in HMIRS should be accompanied by an electronic version of the manufacturer’s MSDS. Submittals of SFRs can be accomplished utilizing a number of methods such as SALTS, email, facsimile, and letter. NAVICP-M will provide an SFR tracking number and/or technical response within 48 hours of receipt of the SFR and appropriate supporting documentation. If SALTS is unavailable, reference C23-6 provides a hard copy SFR format.

NOTE:

The ship’s hazardous material list (SHML) is a record of the HM authorized aboard U.S. Navy surface ships. The SHML provides surface ships with the ability to determine HM authorized and preclude stocking of dangerous material for which the ship has no use. Each SHML item is marked with a HM use category in the Allowed Onboard data field. Type-SHMLs or T-SHMLs shall be used by ships for which they are available. Ships of a type not covered under the existing T-SHMLs shall use the master SHML as their authorized use list. The Naval Supply Systems Command working with the technical systems commands assigns these use categories based on a technical and safety and health assessment of the product. These use categories are:

(a) Allowed (A). No restriction on use of this HM on surface ships. (b) Prohibited (P). HM not allowed aboard surface ships and cannot be requisitioned. (c) Restricted (R). HM not allowed aboard surface ships except with specific restrictions.

(d) Obsolete (O). HM that is obsolete and in most cases no longer procurable. Materials may become obsolete due to lack of purchase history.

(e) Not Determined (N). HM that is under review and is not allowed aboard surface ships.


C23-5

(2) HM Open Purchase. Navy policy is that, to the maximum extent feasible, ships shall only procure and use standard stock HM. If ships or other commands are approached by commercial vendors offering HM not listed in the SHML for shipboard use or for substitution for stock-numbered HM, they shall refer vendors to the shore side HAZMINCEN or NAVICP, Code 0772. (3) HM Receipt

(a) The supply department shall check all containers of HM upon receipt to ensure that they contain a manufacturer's label as described in paragraph C2302d. They shall refuse a container not so marked.

(b) When authorized HM containers are accepted and

brought aboard, they shall be immediately placed in a stowage location based on the hazard characteristic code (HCC) associated with the product. The HCC can be found on HMIRS MSDS. If the HCC is not on the HMIRS MSDS, contact NAVICP, Code 0772.

(c) The HAZMINCEN shall be the receiving point for

HM that was requisitioned by, and will be issued from, the HAZMINCEN. This will allow HM data to be entered into the HICSWIN software. d. HM Container Labeling

(1) All HM containers shall be labeled at all times. Labeling shall be in accordance with the following paragraphs.

(2) Labels for shipboard identification of HM containers

must clearly identify the material name, the manufacturer's name and address, stock number, HCC, and the nature of the hazard presented by the HM including the target organ potentially affected by the material. A label may be a tag, sign, placard, or gummed sticker. For more information on container labeling, refer to reference C23-7.

NOTE:

If necessary, consult shipboard safety officer/industrial hygiene officer for assistance when identifying HCC assignments and/or target organs.

(1) When dispensing HM from one container to another

unlabeled container, HAZMINCEN personnel shall annotate the


C23-6

receiving container to indicate the material name, manufacturer name and address, and the nature of the hazard (including target organ) as specified by the manufacturer to preserve the continuity of information.

(2) If the material is used and not in its original container, the HAZMINCEN shall ensure that the material is labeled as required above. In addition, a label identifying the material as used HM (refer to reference C23-7) shall be completed and attached to the container. This label shall contain information on the process in which the material was used (e.g., used spring bearing lube oil, circuit board cleaning solvent, dried out epoxy paint, etc.). It will also identify any known impurities that the material might contain based on routine PMS analysis (e.g., Naval Oil Analysis Program (NOAP) test results) and any special storage requirements. This information is necessary to assist the shore activity in properly storing the used HM and filling out disposal documents if the material is processed as waste.

NOTE:

If the material is transferred into a small container, such as a dropper bottle for boiler water chemistry, and insufficient room exists to place the required information on the label, the label shall at a minimum contain the material name, manufacturer's name, and stock number. The HAZMINCEN shall provide the remaining information on a card in a location known to users that is in close proximity to the container, so that it can be readily referenced. In addition, supplemental label information shall be cross-referenced to the smaller container, using numbers or letters (e.g., MSDS serial number).

e. Storage of HM (1) General Storage Requirements:

(a) The HAZMINCEN shall store and centrally control the issue of all HM with a SHML MMI of “Y” and collection of all HM for disposal for the ship.

(b) Store HM in containers or compartments reserved

and configured exclusively for HM. Bulk and infrequently used HM shall be stored in compliant storage spaces and only moved to the HAZMINCEN when necessary for replenishment and use. Do not stow


C23-7

HM in spaces or locations that are not specifically authorized for HM stowage.

(c) Stow incompatible materials in separate

compartments to prevent mixing in the event of a spill. See section C2304 for information on stowage requirements based on the HCC.

(d) Post HM stowage locations with a CAUTION sign that

states (obtain these signs through the supply system using national stock number (NSN) 9905-01-342-4851 (10" X 7") or 9905-01-342-4859 (3" X 5"):

HAZARDOUS MATERIAL STORAGE AREA

(e) Ensure that HM stowage locations other than lockers are equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation. Keep ventilation system in good operating condition. Any area to be used for HM stowage must first be evaluated by an industrial hygienist. For additional information refer to reference C23-24.

(f) Mark stowage compartments to identify type of HM

stored by HCC and keep the compartment/materials clean and dry at all times.

(g) Stow HM only in containers that are compatible

with the material (e.g., do not place corrosive materials in metal drums).

(h) Stack containers so that they will not crush lower

containers, become imbalanced, or be difficult to access. (i) Use material on a first-in, first-out basis,

considering shelf life. (j) Prohibit smoking, eating, or drinking in stowage

areas. (k) Never permit open flames or spark producing items

in HM stowage areas. (l) The gas free engineer shall monitor stowage

compartments for oxygen depletion, suspect explosive atmospheres, the presence of potentially toxic vapors, and CO2 accumulation any time the question arises as to the safety of a stowage area.


C23-8

(m) Operate only explosion-proof electrical equipment in a potentially explosive environment. Maintain explosion-proof electrical fixtures in proper condition in applicable HM stowage areas.

(n) Seal and protect all containers against physical

damage and secure for heavy seas.

(o) Ensure containers are secured with metal banding or other tie-downs vice nylon, polypropylene or manila line.

(2) Flammable Storage Requirements:

(a) Store flammable and combustible materials separately from oxidizing materials.

(b) Use in-use flammable liquid cabinets within or

near the workspace to stow a limited (seven-day) quantity of flammable liquids used routinely on a daily basis. Longer storage to address special needs must be authorized, in writing, by the Executive Officer after review of by the requesting department head, HM coordinator, DCA, and safety officer. Maximum total storage capacity of in-use flammable liquid cabinets shall be limited to 30 gallons per work-center. Permanently mount a label on lockers used for in-use flammable liquids worded as follows:

FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS

DURING STRIP SHIP CONDITION, THE CONTENTS OF THIS CABINET SHALL BE RELOCATED TO A FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS STOREROOM, ISSUE ROOM, OR READY SERVICE STOREROOM. Restrict access to HM stowage locations to personnel authorized by the responsible division officer. Entry to confined locations shall occur only after obtaining the gas free engineer's approval as specified in chapter B8 of this manual.

(c) No in-use storage of flammable and combustible

materials is allowed in machinery spaces.

(d) Stow all lubricating oils and petroleum products with a flash point greater than or equal to 200 degrees Fahrenheit but less than 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit under fixed HALON or CO2 gas flooding or sprinkler protection or on the weather deck under protection from the elements.


C23-9

(e) Ensure ordinary combustible materials such as rags, paper and wood are not stowed in flammable stowage areas.

(f) Pack oily rags in approved containers, in

accordance with reference C23-7, and stow containers in flammable storage areas.

(3) Toxic Storage Requirements:

Store all toxic material in cool, dry, well ventilated spaces separated from all sources of ignition, acids and acid vapors, caustics, and oxidizers.

(4) Corrosive Storage Requirements:

(a) Ensure that acids and alkalis are stowed separately from each other.

(b) Ensure corrosive materials are not stored near

oxidizers or other incompatible materials. (c) Stow acids in a locker lined with acid-resistant

material in the flammable liquids storeroom separated by a partition, or by at least three feet, from all other material.

(5) Oxidizer Storage Requirements:

Ensure oxidizers are stored in a separate compartment/storeroom. Oxidizers violently react (heat, combustion) with organic materials at room temperatures. Oxidizers cannot be stored in the same compartment with flammable or combustible materials such as fuels, oils, solvents, grease, paints, or cellulose products.

(6) Aerosol Storage Requirements:

(a) Stow ship's stores aerosol stock items in the flammable liquid storeroom.

(b) Do not stow aerosol containers in areas with temperatures above 120 degrees Fahrenheit or adjacent to steam lines, hot zones, or heat sources.

f. Controlling HM Issue/Re-issue/Return

(1) Make HM available to work-centers 24 hours a day. The

ship can accomplish this by establishing normal hours of store


C23-10

operation during ship's working hours and on-call service during other periods.

(2) Issue/re-issue only limited quantities of HM essential

for immediate needs during a work shift from the HAZMINCEN issue room or flammable liquid storerooms. Generally, less than a seven day supply of each routinely-used item shall be in or near the user compartment for HM issued from the HAZMINCEN (SHML MMI of "Y"). Longer storage to address special needs must be authorized, in writing, by the executive officer after review by the requesting department head, DCA, HM coordinator, and safety officer. The HAZMINCEN shall provide work-center personnel with the amount of HM necessary to accomplish the job. If a worker needs only a pint of a solvent, only a pint should be issued; not a quart. The HAZMINCEN should, where possible, break down the volume issued using smaller containers. The HAZMINCEN shall mark these containers per paragraph C2302e prior to issue. Re-pour operations may not be an option for all HAZMINCENs due to space and safety limitations. Consult with the safety officer (or supporting industrial hygiene officer) to determine advisability of re-pour operations.

(3) Provide procedures and facilities for the turn-in of

used HM, empty HM containers, and HM-contaminated items. At the completion of a maintenance action, the end of the workday, or the end of a seven day use period, work-centers shall return unused HM that was issued from the HAZMINCEN and its container as well as any residue from the maintenance action to the HAZMINCEN. Longer storage to address special needs must be authorized, in writing, by the executive officer after review of by the requesting department head, HM coordinator, DCA, and safety officer. Unused HM shall be consolidated with like material and appropriate inventory adjustments made in HICSWIN. Used HM shall also be consolidated with like material for offload per section C2302h. Empty containers free from contaminants shall be retained for future use with the same HM. Empty containers that are contaminated or cannot be reused shall be disposed of per the requirements of reference C23-3. Rags or other residual materials used with HM shall be processed aboard (if capable) or containerized for shore processing.

(4) Upon HM return to HAZMINCEN, consolidate previously

issued HM for reuse.


C23-11

g. HM Container Compatibility

(1) HM containers shall be compatible with the substances

they are to contain. Refer to reference C23-7 to obtain compatibility data for common shipboard materials.

h. Consolidation/Offload/Disposal of Used or Excess Hazardous

Material

(1) Ship's force shall comply with transfer and disposal policy guidance provided in reference C23-1, appendix L.

NOTE:

The requirements detailed herein shall not preclude the overboard discharge of HM during an emergency where failure to discharge would clearly endanger the health or safety of shipboard personnel or would risk severe damage to the ship.

(2) The HAZMINCEN shall consolidate used and excess HM for offload. Additional offload guidance can be found in reference C23-8, section 5, and reference C23-6.

(3) Ship’s force shall use HICSWIN to generate the offload forms (DD 1348-1 or DD 1348-1A).

(4) Used HM not in original containers shall be labeled per section C2303(c).

(5) All hands must control and offload rags, protective clothing, empty containers, and items used in spill response contaminated by hazardous substances with the same precautions as applied to all other HM.

(6) Ships shall exhaust all beneficial uses from a HM prior to transfer or disposal. This action includes increasing the useful life of the material by extending the shelf life per approved procedures outlined in reference C23-2 or redistribution within the ship for reutilization.

(7) Ships shall segregate collected used HM. They shall normally fill a container with one type of HM (i.e., all the used HM in a container shall normally be of only one stock number). The container shall be labeled and stowed in accordance with this chapter.


C23-12

(8) When ready for offload, contact the local shore-side

HAZMINCEN, normally the local fleet and industrial supply center (FISC), for assistance to request a pick-up and ascertain local requirements. If the contents of a HM container are unknown, the label must state so, and the fleet must pay the costs of chemical analysis to determine specific content. The work-center originating the HM for offload shall provide any useful information in identifying the origin or composition of the material in the container. If the contents are unknown and the originating work-center can determine by experience that the material is flammable or combustible (the most common type of HM aboard ship), reactive, toxic, or corrosive, they shall supply that information on the container to allow proper stowage aboard ship and at the receiving shore activity.

NOTE:

When transferring HM ashore to a Navy activity, an MSDS must be provided upon request. If any additional requirements (e.g., waste profile sheets) are placed on the shore activity by Federal or State laws and regulations or by the supporting Defense reutilization and marketing office (DRMO), the receiving shore activity shall ensure that these requirements are met using information supplied by the ship on the DD 1348-1 or DD 1348-1A and container label.

(9) In situations where compatible materials are

inadvertently mixed, the ship shall include the MSDSs of each material in the mixture with the used HM.

(10) Specific procedures for oil pollution abatement,

including requirements for segregation of oily wastes, used oil, and waste oil are found in reference C23-8. Ships shall collect used lube oils separately and store and label for eventual shore recycling. They shall also collect synthetic lube oils and hydraulic oils separately from other used/waste oils.

(11) Except where used/excess HM is transferred from a

tended unit to a tender, ships shall only transfer used HM to another ship during operations that preclude the ship entering a port in which normal offload may occur.

i. HM Use and Handling Requirements

(1) Ship's force shall comply with HM use and handling


C23-13

requirements as directed by maintenance requirement card, hazardous materials user’s guide (HMUG), Naval Ship’s Technical Manual (NSTM), industrial hygiene survey, or manufacturer's instructions. Refer to section C2305 for general HM use and handling requirements.

(2) Ship's force shall use personal protective equipment (PPE) as directed by maintenance requirement card, HMUG, NSTM, industrial hygiene survey, or manufacturer's instructions.

(3) Ship’s force shall transfer contents of a damaged container to a new properly labeled container, and handle the emptied container as HM.

(4) The original HM container shall be used for storing the corresponding used/excess HM. If the original container cannot be used, comply with procedures in references C23-7 and C23-8. C2303. HM STORAGE SEGREGATION STANDARDS HAZMINCEN personnel shall segregate incompatible hazardous materials. This section summarizes segregation requirements. Hazardous materials have characteristics that require special storage or handling in order to prevent risks to personnel or to the space in which they are stored. Contact between incompatible materials can produce a reaction such as fire, explosion, boiling, spattering, severe heat, or the release of toxic or hazardous gases. Identification of incompatible materials can be difficult. These chemicals, while appearing to be identical, may have different segregation/storage requirements. In order to uniformly identify compatibility information for HM, a HCC system was developed. The HCC is a two digit alpha-numeric code that is used to provide a means of categorizing the reactivity of HM. Trained scientific or engineering personnel assign HCCs using the data provided on the MSDS, thereby uniformly identifying HM managed by all Government activities. HCCs are captured on the MSDSs in the Department of Defense (DoD) HMIRS. If the HCC is not on the HMIRS MSDS, contact NAVICP, Code 0772. The HCC serves as the basis for determining compatible storage requirements. HAZMINCEN shall segregate hazardous materials in accordance with the primary and secondary segregation requirements detailed in the HM storage segregation matrix found in appendix C23-A. The table was compiled using existing NAVSUP publications. Definitions for each HCC are provided in reference C23-11. All HCCs fall into one of the primary segregation (storage) codes


C23-14

listed below. HM may only be stored with items that have the same primary segregation letter. For example, store Fs with other Fs (flammables with flammables) and Cs with other Cs (corrosives with corrosives). Each of these primary segregation codes must be thought of as a separate storage space onboard ship.

PRIMARY SEGREGATION CODE

A Radioactive G Gas, Compressed C Corrosive L Low Hazard (General

Purpose) D Oxidizer P Peroxide, Organic E Explosive R Reactive F Flammable T Toxic / Poison

Within a primary segregation code, there are often subcategories of material. The table below is a portion of the HM storage segregation matrix that lists all HCCs with a primary segregation code of “F” (flammable). The last column in the table provides the secondary segregation requirements via a series of notes. The notes explain that even within a (primary) storage space, (secondary) segregation of materials is required. For example, a HM with a HCC of F6 (a flammable, corrosive alkali) and a HM with an HCC of F7 (a flammable, corrosive acid) can be stored in the same storeroom because their primary segregation is flammable. However, they must be separated from each other by at least 3 feet, according to Note L of the table below. The black rows in the table represent secondary segregation within the flammable primary segregation storage. HM Storage Segregation Matrix – Primary/Secondary Segregation (Flammables)

HCC HAZARD

CHARACTERISTICS GROUP*

PRIMARY SEGREGATION CODE SECONDARY SEGREGATION

A C D E F G L P R T

F1 Flammable Liquid DOT PG I, OSHA IA

* Note J

F2 Flammable Liquid DOT PG II, OSHA IB

* Note J


C23-15

HCC HAZARD

CHARACTERISTICS GROUP*


A C D E F G L P R T

F3 Flammable Liquid DOT PG III, OSHA IC

* Note J

F4

Flammable Liquid DOT PG III, Combustible Liquid OSHA II

* Note J

V4 DOT Combustible Liquid, OSHA IIIA

* None

F5 Flammable Liquid and Poison * Note L

F6 Flammable Liquid & Corrosive, Acidic

* Note L

F7 Flammable Liquid & Corrosive, Alkali

* Note L

F8 Flammable Solid * Note K

V2 Aerosol, Nonflammable * Note EE

V3 Aerosol, Flammable * Note EE

NOTE J - Segregate into flammable liquid storage separate from flammable solids by at least one 3 ft aisle width. NOTE K - Segregate into flammable solid storage separate from flammable liquids by at least one 3 ft aisle width. NOTE L - Separate from other flammables and flammables with secondary hazards by at least one 3 ft aisle width. NOTE EE - Store aerosols from flammables by placing in separate room or barrier such as floor to ceiling wire mesh, chain link fence, etc. to protect personnel from aerosols that can become self-propelled projectiles. *Note: A complete set of HCC definitions can be found in reference C23-11. OSHA Class definitions, which NAVSEA adopts, are provided in appendix C23-A. Primary and secondary segregation requirements provide a means for directing hazardous materials to the storage area most


C23-16

appropriate for the item being stored. The Figure below is a schematic that represents HM storage (primary and secondary) segregation requirements. Each of the 10 primary storage locations is shown in the figure within blocks (ie. “Radioactive Material”, “Flammable Material”). Connected to each primary storage block (location), there are blocks that contain HCC designations. These blocks represent secondary segregation requirements. For example, for flammables, it can be seen from Figure 3-1 that within the flammable storeroom, HCCs F1, F2, F3, F4 and V4 may be stored together. HCCs V2 and V3 may be stored together, but they must be segregated from the other flammables. HCCs F5, F6, F7, and F8 must be segregated from each other and segregated from all the other flammables. This Figure was adapted from reference C23-11.


C23-17

HAZARDOUS MATERIAL STORAGE SEGREGATION

RADIOACTIVEMATERIAL

OXIDIZINGMATERIAL

CORROSIVEMATERIAL

EXPLOSIVEMATERIAL

FLAMMABLEMATERIAL

COMPRESSEDGAS

CYLINDERS

LOW HAZARDMATERIAL

ORGANICPEROXIDEMATERIAL

REACTIVEMATERIAL

POISONOUSMATERIAL

F1, F2, F3, F4, V4

V2, V3

F8

F7

F5

F6E1

D4

D2

D3

D1

C5

C2

C1

C4

B2

B1A1 A2, A3

G2

G4

G6

G1

G3

G5

G8G7

G9

B3

V1

E2

C3

T4, T5,T6

V5V6

N1, M1, Z7

Z1V7

Z3Z2

Z5Z4

P1, P2 R1 R2

Z6

K2K1

T2T1

T7T3

A

G

C

L

D

P

E

R

F

T

Note: Within a storage area, horizontal separationwill be a minimum of 3 ft. aisle width. Verticalseparation will assure that incompatable materialscannot leak and contact one another.

Figure: HM Storage Segregation Chart

Note: Within a storage area, horizontal separation will be a minimum of 3 ft aisle width. Separation will assure that incompatible materials cannot contact one another.


C23-18

C2304. GENERAL HANDLING AND USE REQUIREMENTS Observe the following general requirements when handling HM:

a. Handle and use hazardous materials as directed by maintenance requirement card, HMUG, NSTM, industrial hygiene survey, or manufacturer's instructions.

b. Use personal protective equipment (PPE) when using HM.

Refer to reference C23-5 for additional PPE guidance.

(1) Work-center supervisors shall ensure that, prior to using any HM, personnel under their supervision are trained on the hazards associated with that material, and that they have been provided with necessary protective clothing and equipment (i.e., eye protection, respirators, and gloves). When in doubt, consult the safety officer for specific guidance in this regard or for a determination of the need for more stringent respiratory protection requirements.

(2) Ensure PPE (eye protection, respirators, gloves

appropriate to the HM in use, etc.) is in good operating condition and is readily available.

(3) When mixing or pouring HM, eye protection shall

consist of chemical goggles and full face shields which have been cleaned and disinfected before being issued to another wearer.

(4) Use a respirator when potentially exposed to

harmful levels of particulate matter, hazardous gases, or vapors.

(5) Use gloves and protective clothing when handling sensitizers or potential skin irritants such as epoxy and polyester resins and hardeners where significant skin contact is likely.

(6) At a minimum, wear chemical goggles, full face

shields, and rubber gloves when handling acids or other corrosive materials.

(7) If additional assistance is needed, contact the

ship’s safety department. c. Avoid contact with the eyes or prolonged contact with

skin when using HM.


C23-19

d. Work-center supervisors shall ensure that adequate supply and exhaust ventilation is maintained in all spaces where HM is used, that such systems are in good operating condition, and that they have been evaluated as adequate by an industrial hygiene survey team. Keep ventilation intakes clear of HM at all times. Consult GFE as required.

e. Never store excess supplies of HM in work areas. Return

surplus material to the appropriate storage area or HAZMINCEN when not being used.

f. Handle incompatible materials (identified by HCC) in

separate compartments to prevent mixing in case of a spill.

g. Never mix incompatible materials in the same collection containers.

h. Ensure that containers of partially used hazardous

materials are returned to proper stowage facilities, are tightly closed, and are properly labeled.

i. Prohibit smoking, drinking, or eating in areas where HM

is used. Post spaces in which HM are used as NO SMOKING areas.

j. When transferring HM to second containers, ensure that the second container is compatible. Place labels on the second container.

k. Do not remove or obliterate warning labels from

containers.

l. Before entering spaces that have been closed for significant periods, have a gas free engineer determine that atmosphere is safe for entry.

m. Keep suitable fire extinguishing equipment and materials

ready at all times for instant use.

n. Never use HM near a heat source or a spark-producing device.

o. Keep scrapings and cleaning rags soaked with flammable

or combustible liquids in a covered metal container. Do not leave scrapings and cleaning rags in a soaked state even in a covered metal container for longer than one work shift. Avoid accumulation of wetted rags or clothing that may be subject to


C23-20

spontaneous heating or ignition. Ignition may be initiated by the temperature of low-pressure steam pipes, the surfaces of incandescent light bulbs, sunlight, or any other heat source. Treat such materials as used HM, containerize to prevent leakage, and properly label and store.

p. Keep aerosol containers away from steam lines,

electronic equipment, hot water, and other heat sources such as prolonged exposure to sunlight. Avoid prolonged or repeated inhalation of aerosol or flammable concentrations of aerosol spray vapors in the air.

q. Do not disperse aerosol spray near flames, hot surfaces

or ignition sources due to potential hazards from thermal decomposition products and back flash.

r. Use aerosols containing material with a flash point less

than 73 degrees Fahrenheit on board ship only when required for a specific use and authorized by the cognizant division officer.

s. Prior to handling or transporting any instrument or

equipment containing mercury, seal, cap, plug, or double-bag the item in plastic to prevent spillage.

t. Do not allow calcium hypochlorite to come into contact

with paints, oils, greases, wetting agents, detergents, acids, antifreeze, alkalis, or combustible materials.

u. Dispense calcium hypochlorite with clean, dry utensils

and only in amounts required for immediate use.

v. For external contact with calcium hypochlorite, or if taken internally, follow the instructions printed on the container label or in the MSDS.

w. Do not mix calcium hypochlorite with ammonia.

C2305. SPECIALITY MATERIAL

a. Halocarbons (Refrigerants). Liquid or gaseous halocarbons have multiple applications in the Navy. They are used as refrigerants, aerosol propellants, solvents, and dielectric fluids and as fire extinguishing and degreasing agents. Due to changes in the Clean Air Act, the use of halocarbons is being phased out; however, they are still used in the Navy. With common names of refrigerant R-11, R-12, R-22, R-113, R-114, and R-116, these


C23-21

products may be better known by names such as FREON, ISOTRON, FRIGEN, FLUORANE, FREON MF, FREON TF, GENSOLV D, BLACO-TRON TF, and ARKLONE P-113. Ship’s force shall refer to reference C23-7 for specific storage, handling, and disposal guidance.

b. Mercury represents a potential personnel health hazard

if ingested, absorbed through the skin, or inhaled. Inorganic or elemental mercury can vaporize at room temperature in amounts hazardous to the health. In addition to health hazards, mercury may be damaging to materials and equipment. Mercury and its compounds are especially corrosive to certain non-ferrous metals and their alloys, such as aluminum, copper, and silver. Mercury must be controlled onboard ships. Reference C23-25 lists requirements for the controlled use of mercury and prevention of mercury contamination. Ship’s force shall refer to reference C23-7 for specific storage, handling, and disposal guidance.

c. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB’s). PCB’s are

chlorinated hydrocarbons used primarily as insulation in electrical equipment. They are usually white solids or colorless to pale yellow liquids, and are typically used with a solvent such as trichlorobenzene or kerosene. Refer to reference C23-8, and C23-4 for additional shipboard PCB’s management requirements. Ship’s Force shall refer to reference C23-7 for specific storage, handling, and disposal guidance.

d. Inorganic Acids. Specific requirements for inorganic acids are as follows:

(1) Stow liquid inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric and phosphoric acids bottled in glass or plastic in such a manner that they are cushioned against shock. They should be kept in their original shipping carton inside suitable acid-resistant corrosive lockers located in storerooms below the full-load waterline. Except where stowed in chests or lockers, the lower part of the bulkheads where acids are stored shall be provided with a watertight acid-resistant rubber lining.

(2) Maintain hydrofluoric acid in acid-proof polyethylene or ceresin-lined bottles at all times and never allow them to come in contact with skin or eyes. (3) Stow medical acids in corrosive lockers located in the medical storeroom.


C23-22

e. Organic Acids. Do not permit liquid and solid organic acids, such as glacial acetic, oxalic, carbolic, cresylic, and picric acids to come in contact with the eyes or skin. These acids are corrosive to aluminum and its alloys, to zinc, and to lead. Keep these acids, usually packaged in glass bottles, from freezing and physical damage.

f. Alkalis. Stow alkalis (bases), such as sodium hydroxide, trisodium phosphate, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and ammonium hydroxide (ammonia water) in designated lockers, cabinets, or chests. Ship’s Force shall refer to reference C23-7 for additional storage, handling, and disposal guidance.

g. Calcium hypochlorite is a very strong oxidizer used to provide the sanitizing and bleaching property of chlorine without requiring the handling of gaseous chlorine. Ship’s Force shall refer to reference C23-7 for specific storage, handling, and disposal guidance.

h. Organic Chlorine Laundry Bleach. This bleach contains

an organic chlorine-liberating compound and was selected as a less hazardous material to replace calcium hypochlorite as laundry bleach. However, under conditions of high heat and humidity, organic chlorine laundry bleach emits vapors that can be hazardous to personnel. Stow this bleach in a cool, dry place as far from conditions of high heat and humidity as possible. Do not mix with materials containing ammonia.

i. Compressed Gases. Aboard Navy ships, numerous cylinders

of compressed gases will be found. Compressed gases are used for welding operations (oxygen and acetylene), in refrigeration and air conditioning systems, and for purging various systems (nitrogen). Cylinders of compressed gases are potential explosion, fire, and health hazards if strict compliance with existing requirements is not met. Ship’s Force shall refer to reference C23-26 for additional storage, handling, and recharging guidance.


C23-23

_________________________

CHAPTER C23

REFERENCES

C23-1. OPNAVINST 5090.1B C23-2. NAVSUPINST 4410.52B, Shelf-Life Item Identification, Management, and Control (NOTAL) C23-3. OPNAV P-45-114-95, CNO Policy Guide for Shipboard Hazardous Material Container Disposal (NOTAL) C23-4. NAVSEA S9593-A1-MAN-010, Shipboard Management Guide to PCBs and associated NAVSEA issued PCB Advisories (NOTAL) C23-5. OPNAVINST 5100.28 C23-6. NAVSUP Publication P-722, Consolidated Hazardous Material Reutilization And Inventory Management Program (CHRIMP) Manual (NOTAL) C23-7. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual Chapter 670, S9086-WK-STM-010/CH-670R6, Stowage, Handling, And Disposal Of Hazardous General Use Consumables (NOTAL) C23-8. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual Chapter 593, S9086–T8–STM-010/CH-593R4, Pollution Control (NOTAL) C23-9. Hazardous Inventory Control System Windows (HICSWIN) Afloat Desk Guide (NOTAL) C23-10. NAVSUP Publication P-485, Naval Supply Procedures (NOTAL) C23-11. NAVSUP Publication P-573, Storage and Handling Of Hazardous Materials C23-12. NAVSEA Manual S9510-AB-ATM-010(U), Nuclear Submarine Atmosphere Control Manual (NOTAL) C23-13. Submarine Supply Procedures Manual, COMSUBLANT/COMSUBPACINST 4406.1E.


C23-24

C23-14. NAVSEA S9593-CT-MAN-010, Instruction Manual for the HM Spill Response Kit C23-15 NAVSEA S9593-DV-HBK-010, Instruction Manual for the Oil Spill Response Kit C23-16. OPNAVINST 5102.1D/MCO P5102.1B, Navy and Marine Corps Mishap and Safety Investigation, Reporting, and Record Keeping Manual C23-17. OHS Spill Contingency Plan Guide – http://navyseic.dt.navy.mil/ C23-18. Shipboard Safety Equipment Shopping Guide (NAVSAFECEN Publication) http://safetycenter.navy.mil/osh/afloat/shoppingguide.htm C23-19. Naval Warfare Publication 62-1, Surface Ship Survivability C23-20. NSTM 555, Volume I, Surface Ship Firefighting C23-21. NSTM 079, Volume II, Practical Damage Control C23-22. NSTM 077, Personal Protection Equipment C23-23. NAVAIR 00-80-R-14, US Navy Aircraft Firefighting and Rescue Manual C23-24. NAVSEA S9593-DS-GYD-010, Preliminary Technical Manual Design and Installation Guidance for Hazardous Material Minimization Center (HAZMINCEN) Areas on Surface Ships C23-25. NAVSEA Instruction 5100.3D, Control of Mercury, Mercury Compounds, and Components Containing Mercury or Mercury Compounds C23-26. NSTM 550, Industrial Gases-Generating, Handling and Storing


APPENDIX C23-A

HAZARDOUS MATERIAL STORAGE SEGREGATION MATRIX

HM Storage Segregation Matrix: CORROSIVES

HCC HAZARD

CHARACTERISTICS GROUP


A C D E F G L P R T

B1 Alkali, Corrosive Inorganic

*

NOTE B - Inorganic Alkali Storage - store away from acids by at least one 4 ft aisle width and away from organic alkalis by at least one 4 ft aisle width

B2 Alkali, Corrosive Organic

*

Note C - Organic Alkali Storage - store away from acids by at least one 4 ft aisle width and away from inorganic alkalis by at least one 4 ft aisle width.

C1 Acid, Corrosive Inorganic *

NOTE D - Inorganic Acid Storage - store away from alkalis (caustics) by at least one 4 ft aisle width and away from organic acids by at least one 4 ft aisle width. Separate from other acids with subsidiary risk labels by at least one 4 ft aisle width.


C23-A-2


HCC HAZARD



A C D E F G L P R T

C2 Acid, Corrosive Organic *

NOTE E - Organic Acid Storage - store away from alkalis (caustics) by at least one 4 ft aisle width and away from inorganic acids by at least one 4 ft aisle width. Separate from other acids with subsidiary risk labels by at least one 4 ft aisle width. Organic Acids may be stored in a locker lined with acid-resistant material in the flammable liquids storeroom separated by a partition, or by at least 4 feet, from all other material.

C4 Acid, Corrosive and Oxidizer, Inorganic

*

NOTE D - Inorganic Acid Storage - store away from alkalis (caustics) by at least one 4 ft aisle width and away from organic acids by at least one 4 ft aisle width. Separate from other acids with subsidiary risk labels by at least one 4 ft aisle width.


C23-A-3


HCC HAZARD



A C D E F G L P R T

C5 Acid, Corrosive and Oxidizer, Organic

*

NOTE E - Organic Acid Storage - store away from alkalis (caustics) by at least one 4 ft aisle width and away from inorganic acids by at least one 4 ft aisle width. Separate from other acids with subsidiary risk labels by at least one 4 ft aisle width. Organic Acids may be stored in a locker lined with acid-resistant material in the flammable liquids storeroom separated by a partition, or by at least 4 feet, from all other material.

HM Storage Segregation Matrix: Low Risk

HCC HAZARD



A C D E F G L P R T

B3 Alkali, Low Risk *

NOTE F - Further separate into Acid and Alkali Storage within the low hazard storage area to keep potentially incompatible products from mixing.


C23-A-4


HCC HAZARD



A C D E F G L P R T

C3 Acid, Low Risk *

NOTE F - Further separate into Acid and Alkali Storage within the low

hazard storage area to keep potentially incompatible products

from mixing.

E2 Explosive, Low Risk *

NOTE A - Security Storage - must be well ventilated with limited

access.

M1 Magnetized Material * None

N1 Not Regulated as Hazardous * None

T4 UN Poison, Packing Group III

* NOTE BB - Store away from food.

T5 Pesticide, Low Risk * None

T6 Health Hazard * None

V1

Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials - Class 9

* None

V5 Hi-Flash Point Liquids, OSHA IIIB

* None


C23-A-5


HCC HAZARD



A C D E F G L P R T

V6 Petroleum Products * None

V7 Environmental Hazard * None

Z1 Article Containing Asbestos

* None

Z2 Article Containing Mercury

* None

Z3

Article Containing Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB)

* None

Z4

Article, Battery, Lead Acid, Nonspillable

* None

Z5

Article, Battery, Nickel Cadmium, Nonspillable

* None

Z7 Article, Battery, Dry Cell

* None


C23-A-6

HM Storage Segregation Matrix: Oxidizer

HCC HAZARD



A C D E F G L P R T D1 Oxidizer * None

D2 Oxidizer and Poison *

NOTE G - Separate from other oxidizers and oxidizers with

secondary hazards by at least one 4 ft aisle width.

D3 Oxidizer and Corrosive Acidic *



D4 Oxidizer and Corrosive Alkali *



HM Storage Segregation Matrix: Explosive

HCC HAZARD



A C D E F G L P R T

E1 Explosive, Military * NOTE H - Magazine Storage.


C23-A-7

HM Storage Segregation Matrix: Flammable

HCC HAZARD



A C D E F G L P R T

F1 Flammable Liquid DOT PG I, OSHA IA

*

NOTE J - Segregate into flammable liquid storage separate from flammable solids by at least one 4 ft aisle width.

F2 Flammable Liquid DOT PG II, OSHA IB

*


F3 Flammable Liquid DOT PG III, OSHA IC

*


F4 Flammable Liquid DOT PG III, OSHA II

*


F5 Flammable Liquid and Poison *

NOTE L - Separate from other flammables and flammables with secondary hazards by at least one 4 ft aisle width.

F6 Flammable Liquid & Corrosive, Acidic

*



C23-A-8

HM Storage Segregation Matrix: Flammable

HCC HAZARD



A C D E F G L P R T

F7 Flammable Liquid & Corrosive, Alkali

*


F8 Flammable Solid *

NOTE K - Segregate into flammable solid storage separate from flammable liquids by at least one 4 ft aisle width.

V2 Aerosol, Nonflammable *

NOTE EE - Store aerosols from flammables by placing in separate room or barrier such as floor to ceiling wire mesh, chain link fence, etc. to protect personnel from aerosols that can become self-propelled projectiles.

V3 Aerosol, Flammable *

NOTE EE - Store aerosols from flammables by placing in separate room or barrier such as floor to ceiling wire mesh, chain link fence, etc. to protect personnel from aerosols that can become self-propelled projectiles.

V4 DOT Combustible Liquid, OSHA IIIA

* None


C23-A-9

HM Storage Segregation Matrix: Gases

HCC HAZARD



A C D E F G L P R T

G1 Gas, Poison (Nonflammable) *

NOTE M - Further segregate into Poison Gas storage within compressed gas area.

G2 Gas, Flammable * NOTE N - Further segregate into Flammable Gas storage within compressed gas area.

G3 Gas, Nonflammable *

NOTE P - Further segregate into Nonflammable Gas storage within compressed gas area.

G4 Gas, Nonflammable, Oxidizer

*

NOTE R - Further segregate into Oxidizer Gas within the Nonflammable Gas storage that is within the compressed gas area.

G5 Gas, Nonflammable, Corrosive

*

NOTE S - Further segregate into Corrosive Gas within the Nonflammable Gas storage that is within the compressed gas area.

G6 Gas, Poison, Corrosive (Nonflammable)

*

NOTE T - Further segregate into Corrosive Gas within the Poison Gas storage that is within the compressed gas area.

G7 Gas, poison, Oxidizer (Nonflammable)

*

NOTE U - Further segregate into Oxidizer Gas within the Poison Gas storage that is within the compressed gas area.


C23-A-10

HM Storage Segregation Matrix: Gases

HCC HAZARD



A C D E F G L P R T

G8 Gas, Poison, Flammable *

NOTE V - Further segregate into Flammable Gas within the Poison Gas storage that is within the compressed gas area.

G9

Gas, poison, Corrosive, Oxidizer (Nonflammable)

*

NOTE W - Further segregate into Corrosive and Oxidizer Gas within the Poison Gas storage that is within the compressed gas area.


C23-A-11

HM Storage Segregation Matrix: Toxic Poison

HCC HAZARD



A C D E F G L P R T

K1 Infectious Substance *

NOTE X - Further segregate into Biomedical storage within the Poison Storage area.

K2 Cytotoxic Drugs * NOTE Y - Further segregate into a Medical Security storage within the Poison Storage area.

T1 DOT Poison - Inhalation Hazard

* None

T2 UN Poison, Packing Group I * None

T3 UN Poison, Packing Group II * None

T7 Carcinogen (OSHA, NTP, IARC)

*

NOTE CC - Further segregation within Poison Storage area may be necessary if secondary hazards exist (i.e. flammable, corrosive, etc.)

HM Storage Segregation Matrix: Peroxide, Organic

HCC HAZARD



A C D E F G L P R T


C23-A-12

HM Storage Segregation Matrix: Peroxide, Organic

HCC HAZARD



A C D E F G L P R T

P1 Peroxide, Organic, DOT Regulated

* None

P2 Peroxide, Organic (Low Risk)

* None

HM Storage Segregation Matrix: Reactive

HCC HAZARD



A C D E F G L P R T

R1 Reactive Chemical, Flammable

* NOTE Z - Further segregate into a spontaneously combustible storage within the Reactive Storage area.

R2 Water Reactive Chemical *

NOTE AA - Shall not store in areas protected with water sprinkler system. Fire protection shall be non-water based.

Z6 Article, Battery, Lithium *

NOTE DD - Separate from other products within the Reactive Storage area.

Definitions: Flammable and Combustible Liquids. The Code of Federal Regulations, 29 CFR 1910.106 and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) -30 “Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code” generally define flammable and combustible liquids


C23-A-13

as follows: Flammable Liquid. Any liquid that has a closed cup flash point below 100ºF (37.8ºC), as determined by the test procedures and apparatus set forth in NFPA-30 1.7.4. Flammable liquids are classified as OSHA Class I liquids as follows: OSHA class I Liquid. Any liquid that has a closed-cup flash point below 100ºF (37.8ºC) and a Reid vapor pressure not exceeding 40 psia (2068.6 mmHG) at 100ºF (37.8ºC), as determined by ASTM D323, Standard Method of Test for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method). OSHA Class I liquids are further classified as follows: OSHA class IA Liquid. Liquid that has a flash point below 73ºF (22.8ºC) and boiling point below 100ºF (37.8ºC). OSHA class IB Liquid. Liquid that has a flash point below 73ºF (22.8ºC) and boiling point at or above 100ºF (37.8ºC). OSHA class IC Liquid. Liquid that has a flash point at or above 73ºF (22.8ºC), but below 100ºF (37.8ºC). Combustible Liquid. Any liquid that has a closed cup flash point at or above 100ºF (37.8ºC), as determined by the test procedures and apparatus set forth in NFPA-30 1.7.4. Combustible liquids are classified as OSHA Class II or OSHA class III liquids as follows: OSHA class II Liquid. Liquid that has a flash point at or above 100ºF (37.8ºC) and below 140ºF (60ºC). OSHA class IIIA Liquid. Liquid that has a flash point at or above 140ºF (60ºC) but below 200ºF (93ºC). OSHA class IIIB Liquid. Liquid that has a flash point at or above 200ºF (93ºC).


C23-B-1

Appendix C23-B HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT (HMC&M) CHECKLIST

SURFACE SHIP PROGRAM Yes No OVERVIEW 1. Centralized Inventory Management/Tracking. Is the

Navy-developed, hazardous inventory control system windows (HICSWIN) software used to record and control hazardous material (HM)? C2302a

2. Requisitioning and Receiving Authorized HM. Is a hazardous materials minimization center (HAZMINCEN) in operation and is it centrally managing the requisitioning and receiving of authorized HM? C2302a

3. HM Container Labeling. Are HM containers labeled in accordance with chapter C23 and applicable references? C2302a

4. Storage of HM. Is the HAZMINCEN storing incompatible HM separately to prevent the occurrence of an adverse reaction? Are the HAZMINCEN and storage facilities designed and being operated to prevent risks to personnel or to the space in which they are stored? C2302a

5. Controlling HM Issue/Re-issue/Return. Is HM available to work-centers 24 hours a day? Is the HAZMINCEN collecting previously issued HM for reuse, alternate use, or offload? Is the HM issue/return/re-issue being recorded in HICSWIN? Is the HAZMINCEN restricting the amount of HM in use to the lowest level necessary for the work performance of ship work-centers? C2302a

6. HM Container Compatibility. Is HM stored in containers reserved and configured exclusively for that specific HM? C2302a

7. Consolidation/Offload/Disposal of Used or Excess HM. Is HM being processed for safe offload/disposal in accordance with this chapter and other applicable documentation? Does the ship have optimal procedures and facilities for the turn-in of used HM, empty HM containers, and HM-contaminated items? C2302a

8. HM use and Handling Requirements. Are personnel using protective equipment when using and handling HM? Is the ship transporting, storing and using HM safely throughout the ship? C2302a


C23-B-2

Yes No9. Training. Has the HM Coordinator received HMCM

training, per chapter B3? Is the HM Supervisor a graduate of the hazardous material control and management (HMC&M) Technician Navy Enlisted Classification Code(SNEC) 9595 Course and the CHRIMP/HICS Technician Course? C2302a

CENTRALIZED INVENTORY MANAGEMENT/TRACKING Yes No10. Is the Navy-developed, HICSWIN software used to

record and control HM? C2302b

REQUISITIONING AND RECEIVING AUTHORIZED HM Yes No11. Before ordering any HM, does the ship determine a

valid requirement exists (planned maintenance systems(PMS), technical manual) and determine if the HM is authorized on the type-ships hazardous material list? C2302c(1)

12. Are SHML Feedback Report (SFR) submitted for HM not listed on the type-ships hazardous material list (T-SHML), for which a valid requirement exists including justification for the material? Has the commanding officer (or a designated officer O-5 or above) signed the SFR? Has the ship obtained a material safety data sheet (MSDS) from the manufacturer or supplier and retained the MSDS aboard? C2302c(1)

13. Does the ship only procure and use standard stock HM? C2302c(2)

14. If ships or other commands are approached by commercial vendors offering HM not listed in the ships hazardous material list (SHML) for shipboard use or for substitution for stock-numbered HM, do they refer vendors to the shore side HAZMINCEN or naval inventory control point (NAVICP), Code 0772 C2302c(2)

15. Does the supply department check all containers of HM upon receipt to ensure that they contain a manufacturer's label as described in paragraph C2302d? C2302c(3)

16. When authorized HM containers are accepted and brought aboard, are they immediately placed in a stowage location based on the hazard characteristic code (HCC) associated with the product? C2302c(3)

HM CONTAINER LABELING Yes No17. Are all HM containers labeled at all times?

C2302d (1)


C23-B-3

Yes No18. Do labels for shipboard identification of HM

containers clearly identify the material name, the manufacturer's name and address, stock number, HCC, and the nature of the hazard presented by the HM including the target organ potentially affected by the material? (A label may be a tag, sign, placard, or gummed sticker.) C2302d (2)

19. When dispensing HM from one container to another unlabeled container, do HAZMINCEN personnel annotate the receiving container to indicate the material name, manufacturer name and address, and the nature of the hazard (including target organ) as specified by the manufacturer to preserve the continuity of information? C2302d (3)

STORAGE of HM Yes No20. Does the HAZMINCEN store and centrally control the

issue of all HM with a SHML material maintenance inventory (MMI) of “Y” and collection of all HM for disposal for the ship? C2302e (1)

21. Is HM stored in containers and compartments reserved and configured exclusively for HM? Are bulk and infrequently used HM stored in compliant storage spaces and only moved to the HAZMINCEN when needed? C3202e(2)

22. Are HM stowage locations posted with a CAUTION sign that states “Hazardous Material Storage Area”? C2302e(4)

23. Are HM stowage locations other than lockers equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation? C2302e(5)

24. Are HM stowage compartments and shelves marked to identify the type of HM stored by HCC, and is the compartment clean and dry? C2302e (6)

25. Are containers stacked so that they will not crush lower containers, become imbalanced, or be difficult to access? C2302e(8)

26. Is material used on a first-in, first-out basis, considering shelf life? C2302e(9)

27. Is smoking, eating, or drinking in stowage areas? C2302e (10)

28. Are open flames or spark producing items prohibited in HM stowage areas? C2302e (11)

29. Does the gas free engineer monitor stowage compartments for oxygen depletion, suspect explosive atmospheres, presence of potentially toxic vapors, and CO2 accumulation any time the question arises as to the safety of a stowage area? C2302e(12)


C23-B-4

Yes No30. Is only explosion-proof electrical equipment

operated in potentially explosive environments? Are explosion-proof electrical fixtures maintained in proper condition in applicable HM stowage areas? C2302e (13)

31. Are all containers sealed and protected against physical damage and secure for heavy seas? C2302e(14)

32. Are containers secured with metal banding or other tie-downs vice nylon, polypropylene or manila line? C2302e(15)

Flammable Storage Requirements (FSR) 33. Are flammable and combustible materials stored

separately from oxidizing materials? C2302e FSR (1)

34. Are in-use flammable liquid cabinets being used within or near the workspace to stow a limited (seven-day) quantity of flammable liquids used routinely on a daily basis? C2302e FSR (2)

35. Are in-use flammable liquid cabinets being used to store less than 30 gallons of flammable liquid per work-center? C2302e FSR (2)

36. Are in-use flammable lockers labeled as follows: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS

DURING STRIP SHIP CONDITION, THE CONTENTS OF THIS CABINET SHALL BE RELOCATED TO A FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS STOREROOM, ISSUE ROOM, OR READY SERVICE STOREROOM. Restrict access to HM stowage locations to personnel authorized by the responsible division officer. Entry to confined locations shall occur only after obtaining the gas free engineer's approval as specified in chapter B8 of this manual. C2302e FSR (2)

37. Are machinery spaces compliant with the requirement to NOT store in-use flammables and combustible material? C2302e FSR (3)

38. Are all lubricating oils and petroleum products with a flash point greater than or equal to 200 degrees Fahrenheit but less than 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit stored under fixed HALON or CO2 gas flooding or sprinkler protection or on the weather deck under protection from the elements? C2302e FSR (4)


C23-B-5

Yes No39. Are ordinary combustible ensured materials such as

rags, paper and wood prohibited from being stowed in flammable stowage areas? C2302e FSR (5)

40. Are oily rags packed in approved containers, in accordance with reference C23-7, and stowed in flammable storage areas? C2302e FSR (6)

Toxic Storage Requirements (TSR) 41. Are all toxic materials stored in cool, dry, well

ventilated spaces separated from all sources of ignition, acids and acid vapors, caustics, and oxidizers? C2303e TSR(1)

Corrosive Storage Requirements (CSR) 42. Is it ensured that acids and alkalis are stowed

separately from each other? C2303e CSR(1)

43. Is it ensured that corrosive materials are not stored near oxidizers or other incompatible materials? C2303e CSR(2)

44. Are acids stowed in a locker lined with acid-resistant material in the flammable liquids storeroom separated by a partition, or by at least three feet, from all other material? C2303e CSR(3)

Oxidizer Storage Requirements (OSR) 45. Is it ensured that oxidizers are stored in a

separate compartment/storeroom? C2303e OSR(1)

Aerosol Storage Requirements (ASR) 46. Are ship's stores aerosol stock items stowed in

the flammable liquid storeroom? C2303e ASR(1)

47. Are aerosol containers stowed in areas with temperatures above 120 degrees Fahrenheit or adjacent to steam lines, hot zones, or heat sources? C2303e ASR(2)

CONTROLLING HM ISSUE/RE-ISSUE/RETURN Yes No48. Is HM available to work-centers 24 hours a day?

C2303f(1)

49. Are only limited quantities of HM that are essential for immediate needs during a work shift issue/re-issued from the HAZMINCEN issue room or flammable liquid storeroom? Is a seven day supply or less of each routinely-used item in or near the user compartment? Is longer storage to address special needs being authorized, in writing, by the HM Coordinator and Safety Officer? C2303f (2)


C23-B-6

50. At the completion of a maintenance action, the end of the workday, or the end of a seven day use period, do work-centers return unused HM that was issued from the HAZMINCEN and its container as well as any residue from the maintenance action to the HAZMINCEN? C2303f(3)

51. Is unused HM being consolidated with like material and appropriate inventory adjustments made in HICSWIN? C2303f(3)

52. Are empty containers free from contaminants being retained for future use with the same HM? C2303f(3)

53. Are rags or other residual materials used with HM being processed aboard (if capable) or containerized for shore processing? C2303f(3)

HM CONTAINER COMPATIBILITY Yes No54. Are HM containers compatible with the substances

they contain? (e.g., do not place corrosive in metal drums) C2303g

CONSOLIDATION/OFFLOAD/DISPOSAL

OF USED OR EXCESS HAZARDOUS MATERIAL Yes No

55. Is ship’s force complying with transfer and disposal policy provided in reference C23-1, appendix L? C2302h (1)

56. Is the HAZMINCEN consolidating used and excess HM for offload? C2303h(2)

57. Does Ship’s force use HISCWIN to generate the offload forms (DD 1348-1 or DD 1348-1A)? C2303h(3)

58. Are all hands controlling and offloading rags, protective clothing, empty containers, and items used in spill response contaminated by hazardous substances with the same precautions as applied to all other HM? C2303h(5)

59. Do ships force exhaust beneficial uses for a HM prior to transfer or disposal? (This action includes increasing the useful life of the material by extending the shelf life per approved procedures outlined in reference C23-2 or redistribution within the ship for reutilization). C2303h(6)


C23-B-7

60. Do ships force segregate collected used HM? (They shall normally fill a container with one type of HM, i.e., all the used HM in a container shall normally be of only one stock number. The container shall be labeled and stowed in accordance with this Chapter.) C2303h(7)

61. When the HAZMINCEN is ready for offload, does ships force contact the local shore-side HAZMINCEN, normally the local fleet and industrial supply center (FISC), for assistance to request a pick-up and ascertain local requirements? C2303h(8)

62. If the contents of a HM container are unknown, does the label state so? C2303h(8)

63. When transferring HM ashore to a Navy activity, is an MSDS provided upon request? C2303h(9)

64. Does the ship collect its used lube oils separately and store and label for eventual shore recycling? (They shall also collect synthetic lube oils and hydraulic oils separately from other used/waste oils.) C2303h(10)

HM USE AND HANDLING REQUIREMENTS Yes No65. Does ship's force comply with HM use and handling

requirements as directed by maintenance requirement card (MRC), Hazardous Material User’s Guide (HMUG), Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM), industrial hygiene survey, or manufacturer's instructions? C2303i(1)

66. Does ship's force use personal protective equipment (PPE) as directed by MRC, HMUG, NSTM, industrial hygiene survey, or manufacturer's instructions? C2303i(2)

67. Does ship’s force transfer contents of a damaged container to a new properly labeled container, and handle the emptied container as HM? C2303i(3)

HM STORAGE SEGREGATION STANDARDS Yes No68. Does the HAZMINCEN segregate hazardous materials

in accordance with the primary and secondary segregation requirements detailed in the HM storage segregation matrix found in chapter C23 appendix C23-A? C2303

GENERAL HANDLING AND USE REQUIREMENTS Yes No


C23-B-8

69. Does the HAZMINCEN and ships force handle and use hazardous materials as directed by MRC, HMUG, NSTM, industrial hygiene survey, or manufacturer's instructions? C2304a

70. Are work-center supervisors ensuring that, prior to using any HM, personnel under their supervision are trained on the hazards associated with that material, and that they have been provided with necessary protective clothing and equipment (i.e., eye protection, respirators, and gloves)? C2304b(1)

71. Is surplus material returned to the appropriate storage area or HAZMINCEN when not being used? C2304e

72. Are incompatible materials prevented from being mixed in the same collection containers? C2304g

73. Are warning labels from containers intact (e.g., not obliterated or removed)? C2304k

74. Are scrapings and cleaning rags soaked with flammable or combustible liquids in a covered metal container? C2304o

75. Are aerosol containers kept away from steam lines, electronic equipment, hot water, and other heat sources such as prolonged exposure to sunlight? C2304p

76. Is aerosol spray use controlled as to not disperse near flames, hot surfaces or ignition sources? C2304q

77. Are aerosols containing material with a flash point less than 73 degrees Fahrenheit on board ship used only when required for a specific use and authorized by the cognizant division officer? C2304r

78. Are controls in place to prevent calcium hypochlorite coming into contact with paints, oils, greases, wetting agents, detergents, acids, antifreeze, alkalis, or combustible materials? C230

79. Is calcium hypochlorite dispensed with clean, dry utensils and only in amounts required for immediate use? C2304u

SPECIALTY MATERIAL Yes No80. Does ship’s Force refer to reference C23-7 for

specific storage, handling, and disposal guidance for all HM (including specialty material)? C2305


C23-B-9

81. Are liquid inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric and phosphoric acids stowed and bottled in glass or plastic in such a manner that they are cushioned against shock? C2305d(1)

82. Are medical acids stowed in corrosive lockers located in the medical storeroom? C2305d(3)

83. Are liquid and solid organic acids, such as glacial acetic, oxalic, carbolic, cresylic, and picric acids permitted to come in contact with the eyes or skin? C2305e

84. Are alkalis (bases), such as sodium hydroxide, trisodium phosphate, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and ammonium hydroxide (ammonia water) stowed in designated lockers, cabinets, or chests? C2305f

85. Is organic chlorine laundry bleach stowed in a cool, dry place as far from conditions of high heat and humidity as possible? C2305h


NAVY


PROGRAM MANUAL

FOR FORCES AFLOAT

OPNAV INSTRUCTION 5100.19E

VOLUME III SUBMARINE SAFETY STANDARDS



DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS 2000 NAVY PENTAGON WASHINGTON, DC 20350-2000 IN REPLY REFER TO

OPNAVINST 5100.19E N09F 30 May 07

OPNAV INSTRUCTION 5100.19E, VOLUME III From: Chief of Naval Operations Subj: NAVY SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH (SOH) PROGRAM MANUAL FOR FORCES AFLOAT, VOLUME III Ref: (a) OPNAVINST 5100.19E, Volume I Encl: (1) Navy Safety and Occupational Health Program Manual for Forces Afloat, Volume III 1. Purpose. To provide the third volume of the Navy Safety and Occupational Health (SOH) Program for Forces Afloat. 2. Cancellation. OPNAVINST 5100.19D, Volume III 3. Discussion

a. This instruction provides submarine safety standards and precautions necessary to carry out the program established in reference (a). Representatives of the Fleet Commanders and Type Commanders staffs provided significant input to this document.

b. This instruction reflects modifications to regulatory

requirements, embodies lessons learned from mishaps, and incorporates changes directed the Navy Executive Safety Board to enhance the SOH Program. Since this document modifies every chapter and most of the paragraphs from OPNAVINST 5100.19D, it does not identify modified, added, or deleted paragraphs. 4. Action

a. Replace the current Volume III of OPNAVINST 5100.19D with enclosure (1).

b. Each command should have sufficient copies of enclosure

(a) to ensure that personnel in each work-center have access to the information.


5. Forms and Reports

a. The following forms are available at Navy Forms On-line, htt~s://forms.da~s.dla.mil

b. Local reproduction is authorized.

(1) OPNAV 5100/18 (DEC 1993), Used Hazardous Material Identification Label, S/N 0107-LF-127-4700

(2) OPNAV 5100/26 Working Over the Side (For Submarines)

(3) NAVSEA 5090/3, PCB Label 6" x 6", S/N 0116-LF-008-



RADM USN Special Assistant for Safety

Distribution: Electronic only, via Department of the Navy Issuances Website http://doni.daps.dla.mil


xvii

TABLE OF CONTENTS



CHAPTER D1. BASIC SAFETY ...................................D1-1

D0101. DISCUSSION.........................................D1-1

D0102. GENERAL SAFETY STANDARDS...........................D1-1

D0103. TRAINING...........................................D1-5

D0104. EMERGENCY RESPONSE EQUIPMENT.......................D1-6

D0105. SAFETY COLOR CODE AND SIGNS FOR MARKING PHYSICAL HAZARDS.. D1-6

CHAPTER D1 REFERENCES..............................D1-8 CHAPTER D2. DRY CARGO OPERATIONS/STORES HANDLING/RIGGING ...D2-1

D0201. DISCUSSION.........................................D2-1

D0202. PRECAUTIONS – WORKING PARTIES MOVING STORES........D2-1

D0203. STORES HANDLING PRECAUTIONS .......................D2-2

D0204. CHAINFALLS AND COME-A-LONGS........................D2-4

CHAPTER D2 REFERENCES..............................D2-5 CHAPTER D3. WIRE AND FIBER ROPE ............................D3-1

D0301. DISCUSSION.........................................D3-1


D0303. SYNTHETIC LINES....................................D3-3

D0304. WIRE AND SPRING LAY ROPE ..........................D3-3

D0305. NATURAL LINES......................................D3-4

CHAPTER D3 REFERENCES..............................D3-5 CHAPTER D4. WORKING OVER THE SIDE, TOPSIDE, OR ALOFT; VERTICAL TRUNKS; DRYDOCK SAFETY; CONTRACT LIBERTY BOAT SAFETY.........D4-1

D0401. DISCUSSION.........................................D4-1


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TABLE OF CONTENTS




D0403. ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONS FOR WORKING OVER THE SIDE OR TOPSIDE......................................D4-2

D0404. PERSONNEL WORKING ON OR WITHIN THE SAIL............D4-3

D0405. DRYDOCK SAFETY PRECAUTIONS.........................D4-3

D0406. CONTRACT LIBERTY BOAT SAFETY.......................D4-5

CHAPTER D4 REFERENCES..............................D5-5 CHAPTER D5. ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC SAFETY AND TAG-OUT PRECAUTIONS .......................................................D5-1

D0501. DISCUSSION.........................................D5-1

D0502. DEFINITIONS........................................D5-1

D0503. ELECTRICAL PRECAUTIONS.............................D5-1

D0504. BATTERIES..........................................D5-5

D0505. ELECTRICAL FIRES...................................D5-8

D0506. FIRST AID FOR ELECTRICAL SHOCK.....................D5-9

D0507. ELECTRONIC PRECAUTIONS............................D5-10

D0508. TAG-OUT...........................................D5-13

CHAPTER D5 REFERENCES.............................D5-13 CHAPTER D6. SHIPBOARD FUELS ................................D6-1

D0601. DISCUSSION.........................................D6-1

D0602. PRECAUTIONS........................................D6-1

CHAPTER D6 REFERENCES..............................D6-3 CHAPTER D7. WELDING, CUTTING, AND BRAZING ..................D7-1

D0701. DISCUSSION.........................................D7-1

D0702. PRECAUTIONS........................................D7-2


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TABLE OF CONTENTS



CHAPTER D7 REFERENCES..............................D7-8 CHAPTER D8. MACHINERY ......................................D8-1

D0801. DISCUSSION.........................................D8-1

D0802. GENERAL PRECAUTIONS ...............................D8-1

D0803. MAINTENANCE........................................D8-3

D0804. INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT...............................D8-4

D0805. TRASH COMPACTOR/TRASH DISPOSAL UNIT...............D8-13 CHAPTER D9. SANITATION SYSTEMS .............................D9-1

D0901. DISCUSSION.........................................D9-1

D0902. GAS FREE ENGINEERING FOR SANITATION SYSTEMS........D9-1

D0903. SUBMARINE SANITATION SYSTEMS.......................D9-2

D0904. SANITARY, HYGIENIC, AND SAFETY PROCEDURES..........D9-4

D0905. DISCHARGE REQUIREMENTS AND ADDITIONAL GUIDANCE ....D9-7

CHAPTER D9 REFERENCES..............................D9-7 CHAPTER D10. HEAVY WEATHER .................................D10-1

D1001. DISCUSSION........................................D10-1

D1002. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHILE IN PORT AND/OR MOORED....D10-1

D1003. OPEN OCEAN OPERATIONS.............................D10-2

CHAPTER D11. ABANDONING SHIP ...............................D11-1

D1101. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS DURING ABANDONING SHIP.........D11-1 CHAPTER D12. PAINTING AND PRESERVATION .....................D12-1

D1201. DISCUSSION........................................D12-1


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TABLE OF CONTENTS



D1202. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR PAINT REMOVAL .............D12-1

D1203. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR SURFACE PREPARATION & PAINTING OPERATIONS........................................D12-3

CHAPTER D13. FOOD PREPARATION AND SERVING FACILITIES .......D13-1

D1301. DISCUSSION........................................D13-1

D1302. GENERAL PRECAUTIONS ..............................D13-1

D1303. COOKING UTENSILS..................................D13-3

D1304. FOOD PREPARATION..................................D13-4

D1305. SAFE OPERATION OF FOOD SERVICE EQUIPMENT..........D13-6

CHAPTER D13 REFERENCES...........................D13-12 CHAPTER D14. LAUNDRY MACHINES ..............................D14-1

D1401. DISCUSSION........................................D14-1

D1402. PRECAUTIONS RELATING TO LAUNDRY EQUIPMENT.........D14-1

CHAPTER D14 REFERENCES............................D14-3 CHAPTER D15. SUBMARINE HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT STANDARDS ..............................................D15-1

D1501. DISCUSSION........................................D15-1

D1502. GENERAL HMC&M STANDARDS.......................... D15-2

D1503. GENERAL STORAGE STANDARDS.........................D15-8

D1504. GENERAL HANDLING AND USE REQUIREMENTS.............D15-9

D1505. FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL...............D15-10

D1506. TOXIC MATERIAL...................................D15-12

D1507. CORROSIVE MATERIALS..............................D15-15


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TABLE OF CONTENTS



D1508. OXIDIZERS........................................D15-19

D1509. AEROSOLS.........................................D15-21

D1510. COMPRESSED GASES.................................D15-21

CHAPTER D15 REFERENCES...........................D15-27 APPENDIX D15-A HAZARDOUS MATERIAL COMPATIBILITY

STORAGE DIAGRAM (USING HAZARD CHARACTERISTIC CODE (HCC))..........................................D15-A-1

GLOSSARY ....................................................G-1


Chapter D1

BASIC SAFETY D0101. DISCUSSION a. Shipboard life is one of the more hazardous working and living environments that exist. The existence of hazardous materials and equipment, in addition to the fact that a ship is a constantly moving platform subject to conditions such as weather, collision, and grounding contribute to a potentially hazardous environment. Any chain of mishaps could lead to a major catas-trophe. It is for this reason, PRACTICAL SAFETY must be followed and the prescribed safety regulations strictly followed to prevent personal injury and illness. b. As a risk control measure, and a consideration when using operational risk management (ORM) to plan an evolution, consider assigning a safety observer, whose only responsibility is safety, during any deck or seamanship evolution that could injure personnel or damage equipment. This safety observer should be knowledgeable in the proper performance of the evolution. Examples of deck evolutions include: underway replenishment, operation of boat davits, rigging pilot and accommodation ladders, and handling lines. Reference D1-1 contains additional guidance on ORM. c. The general safety standards in the following section are applicable to all shipboard operations and spaces. These standards have been adopted from requirements from the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), USCG Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and previous OPNAV directives. The standards provided in this chapter may not be all inclusive for every possible evolution on board ship, and the lack of a specific standard does not imply that a practice is safe just because it is not mentioned. Use ORM to determine the safety requirements for unique evolutions and operations. D0102. GENERAL SAFETY STANDARDS a. Ladders and Egress

(1) Be familiar with all exits and egress routes from working and living spaces.


D1-2

(2) Always move up or down a ladder with one hand on the

railing. Never slide down inclined ladder rails. Do not carry loads up or down ladders that obstruct movement or sight.

(3) Always ensure exits are not locked or blocked with

equipment or any other type of interference. (4) Do not run in passageways or up or down ladders. (5) Always be cautious when nearing a "blind" corner or

opening doors with no port light or window. (6) Provide temporary barriers using guardrails, lines,

or chains; suitably supported by stanchions or pads, when opening accesses in bulkheads or decks that are normally closed, if the opening will be unattended or unguarded at any time.

(7) After opening and prior to passing through a

watertight door, hatch, scuttle, or manhole cover, ensure hatch brace pins and/or safety pawls and scuttle/manhole covers are positively locked.

(8) Never dismantle or remove any inclined or vertical

ladder without permission of the commanding officer. Such areas shall be secured with temporary lifelines and shall be posted with a warning sign.

(9) Ensure that low overheads above inclined ladders

(less than 72 inches (") in height), ladder grab bars, and passageways (less than 75" in height) and obstructions in passageways are padded.

(10) Never lock escape scuttles or other accesses so

they cannot be opened from the inside. b. Damage Control

(1) Know the location and operation of all emergency breathing devices in living and working spaces.

(2) Know the location of all fire stations and other

firefighting equipment throughout the ship. (3) Never tamper with any damage control or rig for dive

fittings or equipment.


D1-3

(4) Never open or enter a tank, void, or manhole without permission of the gas free engineer. When working in a tank or void, ensure a gas free certificate is properly posted. Personnel entering the void, tank or manhole shall have a safety line attached, wear proper protective equipment, and have a second person tending the safety line outside the tank or void.

(5) If you pass through a watertight door, hatch, or

scuttle designated to be closed during normal operations, be certain that it is properly closed and dogged.

c. Stowage and Hazardous Materials

(1) Make sure that all movable objects are secured for sea using appropriate materials. Whenever feasible, provide permanent secure-for-sea mountings with metal bands, bolts, or other securing devices.

(2) Ensure all hazardous materials, including cleaners

and paints, are properly labeled, safely used, and returned after use, per the ship’s procedures. d. Machinery

(1) Wear short sleeves or roll up sleeves when operating rotating industrial machinery. See chapter B12 for specific protective clothing requirements.

(2) Know the emergency shut-down procedures for all

equipment you use. (3) Do not wear rings, watches, key rings, bracelets,

pagers, cell phones, and other items that may become entangled or caught on projections, or may be a shock hazard when working with electrical or electronic equipment.

(4) Always wear approved safety shoes when required by

the job. (5) Do not operate machinery and tools without proper

training and authorization. (6) Keep decks free of obstacles and materials causing

slippery conditions, particularly in work areas. Post areas that are slippery with a warning sign. Ensure non-skid decking material (non-skid paint or adhesive non-skid strips) is installed at machinery work areas where the operator stands, at


D1-4

the top and bottom of each ladder, on both sides of doors and arches with a high coaming used for continuous traffic, and both sides of crew messing space doors (may be on exit side only if non-skid tiles are installed in messing spaces).

(7) Never operate machinery or equipment with defective

or missing safety devices. (8) Ensure hazardous area boundaries around machinery

are established and marked with appropriate deck marking. (9) Never tamper with or render ineffective any safety

device, interlock, ground strap or similar device intended to protect operators or the equipment without specific approval of the commanding officer.

(10) Never open or close electrical switches and pipe

valves unless authorized to do so.

e. Ventilation. Always ensure ventilation ducts are free of blockage. Never alter ducts or diffusers without authorization. Know where ventilation controllers are located for your work and living areas. f. General Space Safety

(1) Keep constantly familiar with the whereabouts of crewmembers in the space where you are working, especially if they are working in tanks, voids or other restricted movement areas.

(2) Smoke only in designated areas. (3) Use of personal stereo earphones is not authorized

throughout the ship except in recreation/study areas, in berthing spaces or other specific ship authorized spaces.

(4) Observe and enforce all personal protective

equipment requirements. (5) Promptly report all unsafe conditions discovered. (6) Never hesitate to stop a shipmate from doing

something that may be hazardous or unsafe, and never leave a worksite in an unsafe condition.


D1-5

(7) Never straddle or step over lines, wire, and chains under tension. g. Topside

(1) Only wear sunglasses topside. Sunglasses will not be worn as a substitute for impact safety glasses, sun and wind goggles, flight deck goggles, or as protective equipment for operations such as fire watch or welding.

(2) Know where all life rings, dye markers, and flares

are located for man overboard emergencies. (3) Do not lean against lifelines. Never dismantle or

remove any lifeline, or hang or secure any weight or line to any lifeline except as authorized by the commanding officer. Use temporary lifelines when possible.

(4) Wear an inherently buoyant life preserver or auto-

inflatable utility life preserver (AIULP) and approved topside shoes topside where the potential exists of falling, slipping, being thrown, or carried into the water. Only authorized safety harnesses shall be worn by all personnel on the main deck while underway, except during the maneuvering watch, or unless otherwise specified by the commanding officer. D0103. TRAINING a. While most of the standards specified in this chapter are covered during basic training, Submarine School, and at specific training schools, new crew-members, upon reporting on board, shall be given a brief orientation on these standards, their intent and importance, and where specific safety items and personal protective equipment(PPE) can be found aboard ship. This training shall be conducted within 72 hours of the crew member reporting aboard and shall include emergency air breathing (EAB) training. b. All personnel should be consistently reminded of these safety standards through the use of Plan of the Day notes, divisional training, or quarters. c. Consider rewards and recognition for those reporting and correcting safety hazards and watching out for their shipmate’s safety.


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D0104. EMERGENCY RESPONSE EQUIPMENT a. Ensure all emergency response equipment is complete and in good repair. b. Stow emergency response equipment in a location affording quick, easy access. D0105. SAFETY COLOR CODE AND SIGNS FOR MARKING PHYSICAL HAZARDS Hazards should be marked as follows, within the constraints of NAVSEA-08 requirements: a. DANGER. Red is the basic color for the identification of dangerous equipment or situations:

(1) Safety cans or other approved portable containers of flammable liquids (see chapter D15). These metal cans shall be painted red with some additional clearly visible identification either in the form of a yellow band around the can or the name of the contents conspicuously stenciled or painted on the can in yellow.

(2) Danger signs are red, with black and white

lettering, to indicate a hazardous situation, equipment, area, or condition, which has a high probability of death or severe injury.

(3) Emergency stop bars on hazardous machines, such as

rubber mills, wire blocks, or flat work ironers. Stop buttons or electrical switches, on which letters or other markings appear and are used for emergency stopping of machinery, shall be red.

(4) Guards or barriers enclosing rotating machinery,

shafts, or moving parts which could cause death or severe injury if removed.

b. CAUTION. Yellow is the basic color to denote caution.

(1) Yellow is the basic color for designating caution and for marking physical hazards such as: striking against, stumbling, falling, tripping, and "caught in between." Solid yellow, yellow and black stripes with suitable contrasting color should be used interchangeably, using the combination, which will attract the most attention in the particular environment.


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Overhead obstructions (less than 72” in height), monorails and turntables shall be painted solid yellow.

(2) Yellow and black are the colors of caution signs

used to indicate a hazardous situation, which may result in minor or moderate injury. Caution signs shall be yellow with black lettering, and shall be used for eye hazard and noise hazard signs.

(3) Use yellow and black striping or checkerboard

designs, painted or tape, to indicate industrial eye hazardous areas, trip hazard areas, or other areas where caution should be exercised. c. SAFETY INFORMATION. Green is the color of general safety information and instructional signs, such as the location of emergency eye wash stations and safety precaution placards. d. WORKSHOP DECK MARKINGS. Deck markings are used around permanently installed workshop machinery to alert personnel nearby of potential hazards. Markings may be applied using commercially available safety tape or painted onto surfaces. Markings are to be applied around each machine. Do not mark an entire space as hazardous by applying deck markings only at a doorway or entrance. Operator and eye hazard areas may overlap if machines are installed close together.

(1) Operator Work Areas – The area at the machine where the operator normally stands while using the machine is marked to alert personnel to not enter that operator area. An operator area is marked by painting the entire operator area as a solid yellow block. The operator area must also have non-skid decking to prevent slipping on oily decks and falling into the machines. The non-skid may be non-skid paint or adhesive non-skid strips with no spaces between the strips.

(2) Eye Hazardous Areas – Any area around a machine

determined to pose an eye hazard must have those boundaries outlined in black and yellow stripping or checkerboard paint or tape. To determine the extent of the eye hazard, note areas where chips or debris are thrown or materials splashed during operation. That area or machine must also be labeled with a Caution – Eye Hazard sign in yellow and black.

(3) Safe Passage and Caution Areas – If space permits,

lanes used for normal traffic through a machine shop or around


D1-8

industrial machinery should be outlined using solid white (safe) or yellow (caution) lines.

_________________________

CHAPTER D1

REFERENCES D1-1. OPNAVINST 3500.39B


Chapter D2

DRY CARGO OPERATIONS/STORES HANDLING/RIGGING D0201. DISCUSSION a. Stores and dry cargo are any material that are carried in their own containers and are not in bulk form, such as fuel. Examples of stores are provisions and supplies that are carried aboard submarines. b. Stores and dry cargo handling evolutions are extremely dangerous even though they appear routine. Stores and cargo being handled can fall or shift, causing injury to personnel and damage to the ship. Additionally, hazardous material that is damaged often causes illness or death in extreme conditions. Stores and cargo handling gear can fail, causing not only stores damage, but also the handling gear itself can maim or even kill, as well as cause physical damage. It is for these reasons that care must be used during stores and cargo handling operations.

c. This chapter is written from the standpoint that a submarine would be the receiver of stores. Such stores may be received from a tender or from the shore through the use of cranes or other lift equipment. d. Submarines are required to perform some rigging operations for the removal of or installation of equipment. Rigging aboard submarines will frequently involve the use of chain-falls and come-a-longs and may involve the use of the ship's davit. e. Complete an ORM review, in accordance with reference D2-1, prior to the evolution and mitigate risks as feasible. f. Working parties and personnel moving stores throughout a submarine are a source of numerous injuries. Handlers may need hand and foot protection, back injury prevention training, and supervision to prevent injuries. D0202. PRECAUTIONS – WORKING PARTIES MOVING STORES The following precautions are for personnel assigned to temporarily assembled or routine working parties, and their supervisors, when handling and moving stores through a submarine.


D2-2

a. Ensure the path throughout the submarine where stores will be moved is clear of obstructions and traffic through those areas restricted during stores movement. b. Wear hand protection (when handling wire rope or banded material), and steel-toed safety shoes. c. Ensure there are sufficient personnel assigned to allow passing of boxes or material and that all members are fit to handle the anticipated weight. See chapter B13 on how to calculate lifting limits.

d. Never toss or throw boxes, cases, or materials from one person to the next.

e. Prior to each handling evolution, review proper handling

techniques to avoid back injury (lift with legs, do not bend at waist to lift, get help with heavier loads, get a firm grip before releasing to next person, and stop and report any strains immediately). f. Review spill response procedures if handling hazardous materials. D0203. STORES HANDLING PRECAUTIONS The following precautions should be followed during stores handling operations: a. When using the ship's davit for stores handling, use correct and well-maintained blocks and sheaves for safe load handling operations. The following procedures and safety precautions shall be observed at all times: (1) Ensure the SAFE WORKING LOAD is stamped on each block and on the davit. A test label plate showing test data, facility conducting test, and date of test should be located on the davit. (2) Before use, inspect blocks and sheaves for defects. Sheaves with corrugated grooves, chips, or excessive wear and blocks with damaged shells, straps, swivels, shackles, eyes, or excessive wear shall not be used. (3) Know the load capacity of hooks and ensure that such capacity is not exceeded. Test all hooks for which no applicable manufacturer's recommendations are available at twice


D2-3

the intended safe working load before initially putting into use. Maintain a record of the dates and results of such tests. Inspect hooks periodically to see that they have not been bent by overloading. Do not use bent or sprung hooks. Visually inspect hooks before lifting the rated load. (4) Use safety hooks fitted with a safety latch or mouse the hook. (5) Keep hands safely away from a hook until clearance is given to hook or unhook. Be especially careful to keep clear of swinging hooks. (6) Set hooks firmly in place before making a lift. Never carry a load on the point of a hook. b. When stores are being put aboard ship using a crane: (1) Always know where the cargo is during a transfer. (2) Wear a hardhat with chin strap in place under the chin, gloves when handling wire rope or banding material, and safety shoes. (3) Never walk under suspended cargo. (4) When stores are being lowered, keep feet and hands clear. (5) Never put hands under cargo during transfer. c. When loading stores by hand, personnel topside and those forming a chain down the stores loading hatch shall wear approved hard hats and safety shoes. d. When handling hazardous material stores, refer to paragraph D1504 for additional guidance and requirements. e. Know firefighting and safety equipment locations. f. Do not walk backwards. g. If wearing glasses, ensure they are shatter proof. h. Never throw anything down a hatch or onto a dock. i. Do not smoke.


D2-4

j. Inform supervisors of unsafe conditions. k. Do not ride on conveyors. l. Wear eye, face, and hand protection when removing steel strapping. Stand to one side or out of the path as the strapping may recoil when cut. m. Always brace, shore, and lash stores that may shift. D0204. CHAINFALLS AND COME-A-LONGS a. Do not exceed weight for which the equipment was designed. b. Never kink, twist, or knot chains or slings, as these are among the greatest causes of failures. c. Never splice or shorten chains by bolting, wiring, or knotting. d. Clearly mark chain falls and come-a-longs to show the capacity. Do not exceed marked capacity. e. Do not use chain, whether new, repaired, or to which hooks or rings have been added, without thoroughly inspecting or weight testing, if required. Tag defective chains or slings or immediately cut up and properly dispose of them. f. Do not subject chains to sudden shock while in use. Jerky movements put severe strains on the chain. g. Keep chains free from grit and dirt. Do not drag chains or drop them on hard materials. h. Use attachments or fittings for chains of the type, grade, and size suitable for service with the size of chain used. i. Keep brakes free from grease, oil, and rust. Adjust for wear as required. j. Do not operate unless the ratchet and pawl mechanism is engaged.

k. Keep the equipment dry and rust-free. Lubricate only the load chain.


D2-5

_____________________

CHAPTER D2

REFERENCES D2-1. OPNAVINST 3500.39B


Chapter D3

WIRE AND FIBER ROPE D0301. DISCUSSION Ropes come in a multitude of types, quality, and sizes, each with its own characteristics. In general, there are two types of rope: fiber (natural and synthetic) and wire. When removed from a coil or reel, fiber ropes are generally referred to as lines. Wire is referred to as "wire rope" or "wire," but not "cable." Additionally, there is a fiber/wire hybrid known as "spring lay" rope. Spring lay rope is composed of six main strands laid around a fiber core. Each main strand consists of three preformed wire strands and three fiber strands laid alternatively around a fiber center. Each of these ropes have been developed to satisfy a specific requirement. They can be safely used, but must be properly maintained. Complete an ORM assessment prior to the evolution per reference D3-1. Mitigate risks as feasible. D0302. GENERAL PRECAUTIONS a. Always inspect wires and lines before use. Look for deterioration, broken wires or fibers, visible signs of rot, chafing, variations in color, crushing, or other signs of damage. Refer to reference D3-2 for additional information on use, maintenance, and material requirements for ropes. b. Wear topside shoes with skid-proof soles for handling lines. When handling lines, do not wear rings, watches, cell phones, pagers, key rings, and other items that may become entangled. c. Check and test capstans to ensure they are operating satisfactorily. d. Avoid getting hands, feet, or clothing caught in bights formed by lines. e. Do not stand directly in line with the point where chains, wire, ropes or lines change direction (i.e., around a bitt, capstan, or through a block).


D3-2

f. Do not straddle or stand on chains, wires, ropes or lines whether under tension or not. Never step over chains, wires, ropes or lines under tension. g. Avoid placing wires, ropes, or lines on rough or sharp surfaces that can cause chafing or cutting. h. Do not place objects on wires, ropes, or lines. i. Ensure all kinks are out of wires, ropes, or lines before use. j. Check sheaves and blocks being used for proper size and strength. Do not use sheaves or blocks that are too small for the wire, rope, or line used.

k. Listen to lines under tension. Any unusual popping or tearing noises may mean that the wire, rope, or line is in danger of failing. l. Always place hands above lines fairled into capstans or bitts. m. Do not lubricate lines. n. Do not apply loads suddenly. o. Never leave wires or lines under strain on capstans. p. Do not use sheaves with corrugated grooves. q. Remove the loose ends of splices. r. Seize all bitter ends. s. Do not use manila, wire, spring-lay rope, or synthetic line together on the same chock, bitt, or reel. t. Carefully make up lines not in use. u. Do not permit rat guards and sharp edges to wear mooring lines. Use chafing gear and lash well. v. Change mooring lines in accordance with planned maintenance system (PMS) procedures. Failure to make such changes can result in serious injury.


D3-3

w. Ensure wires, lines, and rigging are not subject to overload. D0303. SYNTHETIC LINES In addition to the precautions in paragraph D0302, the following precautions shall be observed: a. Do not expose lines unnecessarily to heat, sunlight, excessive cold, or chemicals. b. Always thaw frozen lines before use. c. Install tattletale lines to gauge how far mooring lines are stretching. d. Payout lines on cleats, bitts, or capstans slowly. Exercise extreme care when easing out synthetic lines under heavy load. Because of their high extendibility under load, their rapid recovery, and their low coefficient of friction, these ropes may slip suddenly on easing out, thereby causing injury to line handlers. For control in easing out or surging, take two round turns on the bitts and then apply one or two figure eight bends. No more than two figure eight bends shall be used. Because these bends tend to lock under surge, use of more than two figure eight bends will cause difficulty in easing out operations. e. Double-up lines under excessive strain. f. Never use wire or chain stoppers on fiber lines. g. Stand clear of lines under strain. (The videotape "Synthetic Line Snapback" or SOBT video #4 on "Submarine Line Handling" should be viewed for an appreciation of this phenomenon.) D0304. WIRE AND SPRING LAY ROPE In addition to paragraph D0302, the following precautions shall be observed: a. Always wear heavy-duty hand protection when handling wire and spring lay rope. b. Always wear eye protection while splicing.


D3-4

c. Seize wire ends to prevent unlaying. d. Store wire and spring lay rope away from weather, acid, and chemicals. e. Inspect wire and spring lay rope in accordance with PMS procedures. f. When using U-bolt clamps to form an eye, always put the U-bolt itself over the bitter end. Tighten clamps only after putting line under stress. g. Do not use sheaves or blocks designed for use with fiber rope with wire rope. h. Inspect end fittings, such as sockets, connectors, and wire rope clips prior to use, to determine if there is an area of break adjacent to the fitting. Tighten clips after the first hour of running and at PMS specified intervals thereafter. Remove clips after long use and examine rope for broken wires. Remove the damaged part, if broken wires are found, and make a new attachment. D0305. NATURAL LINES In addition to the precautions stated in paragraph C0502, also follow these precautions: a. Do not use natural lines in sheaves and blocks built for wire rope service. b. Never use manila lines five or more years old. c. Do not continue to use natural fiber line in which any of the following conditions are present: (1) Ruptured fibers and powdering between the strands. (2) Dark red, brown, or black spots between the strands, and a sour, musty or acidic odor. (3) Thirty percent of the yarns in the cross-section have been worn through. (4) Long jawed and distorted strand areas. (5) Salt incrustation and swollen areas.


D3-5

(6) A harsh, dry, dead feel in manila or sisal lines. (7) Evidence of gritty material between the strands. d. Store lines in cool, dry spaces. e. Fake lines down after use to dry out. f. Do not use frozen lines. g. Do not allow lines to come into contact with chemicals, acid, alkalis, paints, soaps, rust, or vegetable oils. h. Do not drag lines over sand, grit areas, or non-skid decks. i. Do not let line wear become localized; rotate lines. j. Use chafing gear if necessary. k. Only use undamaged lines. Always remove damaged lines from use and repair or discard immediately. l. Do not use chain or wire stoppers on fiber lines.

_________________________

CHAPTER D3

REFERENCES D3-1. OPNAVINST 3500.39B D3-2. Naval Ships' Technical Manual (NSTM) 613, Wire and Fiber Ropes and Rigging


CHAPTER D4

WORKING OVER THE SIDE, TOPSIDE, OR ALOFT; VERTICAL TRUNKS, DRYDOCK SAFETY: CONTRACT LIBERTY BOAT SAFETY

D0401. DISCUSSION a. Since many areas on the exterior of a ship are inaccessible to the crew, it becomes necessary to go "over the side" or "aloft" to reach these areas. "Over the side" shall be defined as anywhere outboard of the lifelines. "Aloft" shall be defined as either work on or within the sail not to include the bridge or bridge trunk. b. The greatest hazards associated with working over the side, topside, or aloft are the potential for slipping and falling. Other hazards include the dropping of objects on (or by) personnel, chemical exposure and non-ionizing radiation burns from transmitting antenna or radar. c. When a ship is in drydock, many of the precautions associated with working over the side, topside, or aloft must be followed. This chapter will discuss the hazards and precautions associated with this unique evolution. d. Additional precautions for working over the side, working topside, working aloft, and drydock safety are found in references D4-1 and D4-2. e. As a risk control measure, consider assigning a safety observer, whose only responsibility is safety, during any deck or seamanship evolution that could injure personnel or damage equipment. This safety observer should be knowledgeable in the proper performance of the evolution. Examples of deck evolutions include: underway replenishment, rigging pilot and accommodation ladders, and handling lines. D0402. GENERAL PRECAUTIONS a. Wear a full body safety harness with safety lanyard, and tending line (as required) with double-locking snap hooks. The harness shall be inspected in accordance with established PMS prior to use. The safety lanyard length shall not exceed six


D4-2

feet or the distance from the work to six feet above the deck, whichever is shorter. b. Attach safety lanyards to all tools, if practicable. Never carry tools up and down ladders. Rig a line and raise/lower tools to the work area in a bucket. c. When underway, the commanding officer's permission is required to work over the side, topside, or aloft. d. An experienced senior person shall check any rigging or staging prior to use. Never rig lines over sharp edges. Inspect lines for damage, rot, and wear. Secure lanyards to solid structures. e. The petty officer in charge shall mark off the work area and keep unnecessary personnel clear. He shall also maintain a sharp lookout for anything that would cause an increase in ship's motion. If the slightest chance of collision exists, personnel shall be moved to safety. f. Read any safety placards posted in the area prior to commencing work. Submarines shall rig temporary safety placards during hazardous evolutions topside. g. Cranes used to suspend personnel over the side shall be certified and work platforms or baskets shall be approved by COMNAVSEASYSCOM as safe for manned handling. Comply with the caution plates attached to the inside and outside of the man basket gate. Precautions must be taken to protect personnel suspended over the side by a crane since they are subject to radiation burn hazards from voltage induced in the hoist wire from transmitting antennas. D0403. ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONS FOR WORKING OVER THE SIDE OR TOPSIDE Complete a checklist that contains all of the elements included in appendix D4-A prior to commencing work aloft. a. Wear an inherently buoyant life preserver modified with a button hole in the back for concurrent use with the full body safety harness when working over the side. b. Each person working over the side shall have an assistant to tend lines.


D4-3

c. Secure the ship's propeller and overboard discharges in the area of personnel working over the side. d. Only perform work between ships or between a ship and dock with a camel in place. e. Perform work over the side with the ship in drydock only with the commanding officer's permission. f. Ensure that a safety lanyard is attached to all power tools (electrical or pneumatic) prior to use topside or over the side. g. Personnel shall keep clear of all shore power cables and high pressure lines. D0404. PERSONNEL WORKING ON OR WITHIN THE SAIL a. Do not go aloft without first obtaining permission from the command duty officer. b. Prior to commencement of work and every 30 minutes thereafter, pass a verbal warning over the 1 MC, "THERE ARE MEN WORKING IN THE SAIL. DO NOT RAISE, LOWER, ROTATE OR RADIATE FROM ANY MAST OR ANTENNA, DO NOT SOUND THE SHIP'S WHISTLE. DO NOT CYCLE THE FAIRWATER PLANES; THERE ARE MEN WORKING IN THE SAIL." Upon completion of the work, pass on the 1 MC, "THE SAIL IS CLEAR." c. All radio transmitters and the radar shall be placed in the STANDBY position. d. Ensure that a safety line is attached to all tools prior to use on or in the sail. e. Ensure that the full body safety harness is attached to the sail safety fitting (if provided). D0405. DRYDOCK SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

a. Personnel working over the side in the drydock shall comply with the precautions indicated in this chapter with the exception that life preservers are not required in drydocks without water. Personnel working over the side in drydock will normally be in a man basket with full body safety harness and


D4-4

safety lanyard worn. On scaffolding with guard rails, no harness is required.

b. Ensure all staging is adequately constructed and supported.

c. Only enter the dock with a hard hat, steel-toed safety shoes and eye protection.

d. Shift no weight within the ship while in drydock without

the permission of the docking officer.

e. Ensure the ship is adequately grounded at all times.

f. Drain all lines subject to freezing, in freezing weather. If frequent service is required, maintain a small flow through the line to prevent freezing.

g. Ensure adequate topside lighting is provided by either installed dock lights or by temporary lighting, particularly in areas where normal passage is obstructed or disrupted by service lines or work in progress.

h. Ensure that any equipment which projects through the hull is operated only with the permission of the commanding officer and then with a safety observer outside the hull.

i. Do not permit horseplay, leaning on lifelines or other negligent practices that could lead to falling over the side.

j. Do not throw anything over the side into the dock, including debris from cleaning or preservation.

k. When carrying fuel of any kind in drydock, do not allow fuel to drain into the dock. Should it be necessary to remove any fuel from tanks or containers while in drydock, take precautions which will prevent any of the fuel from reaching the floor of the dock.

l. Safety nets shall be rigged extending a minimum of six feet on both sides under all access brows between the ship and the dock apron.


D4-5

D0406. CONTRACT LIBERTY BOAT SAFETY If a contract liberty boat is required, chapter C4, small boats, in volume 2, Surface Ship Safety Standards, of this manual provides in-depth guidance and safety precautions.

CHAPTER D4

REFERENCES

D4-1. COMNAVSUBFOR Instruction 5400.38, "Standard Submarine Organization and Regulations Manual (SSBN)" D4-2. COMNAVSUBFOR Instruction 5400.39, "Standard Submarine Organization and Regulations Manual (SSN)"


Appendix D4-A

WORKING OVER THE SIDE CHECK SHEET USS __________________ Time/Date ________________

1. Personnel (number) _____ will be going over the side at (location) _____ for accomplishing the following work___________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. Prior to allowing personnel to work over the side, accomplish the

following: Initials _____ a. If underway or in dry dock, or working near exhausts that are

actively discharging gases, obtain the commanding officer's permission.

_____ b. Ensure that personnel working over the side wear a full body

safety harness with safety lanyard, wear an inherently buoyant life preserver modified with a button hole in the back to wear with the full body safety harness, and wear a hard-hat. Appropriate PMS shall be performed on harness, safety lanyard, and life preserver prior to use. (Note: If working from a float or punt in the water, full body safety harness and safety lanyard are not required. Life preservers and hard hat shall be worn. If in a dry dock without water, the life preserver is not required).

_____ c. Each person working over the side has an assistant to tend lines.

(Note: If working from a punt or float, at least one assistant shall be provided on the deck or pier.)

_____ d. Ship's propellers are stopped and overboard discharges in the area

of personnel working over the side are secured and DANGER tagged. _____ e. If work is to be accomplished in port between the ship and a pier

or between the ship and other ships, a camel is in place. _____ f. Power tools, if in use, are pneumatic. NO electrical powered

tools shall be used. _____ g. Ensure that an experienced, senior person has checked the rigging

of the staging prior to use. _____ h. Ensure that personnel working over the side are briefed on

operational risk management prior to working over the side. _____ i. Do not permit working over the side, except in an emergency, if

wind speed is greater than 30 knots, roll is in excess of 10 degrees, pitch is in excess of five degrees, or if ice or thunder storms threaten.

_____ j. Ensure that a petty officer (PO) in charge of work is stationed at

the work site. Ensure PO in charge is alert for anything that


D4-A-2

would cause an increase in ship's motion or drastic change in course. Underway maneuvers with other ships are not planned.

_____ k. If in port, notify officers of the deck/command duty officers of

ships alongside. _____ l. If a crane is used to suspend personnel over the side, ensure that

the crane has current certification and that the work platform or basket is approved by COMNAVSEASYSCOM for handling personnel.

Conditions have been established to permit personnel working over the side. _____________________________________________ Command Duty Officer/Officer of the Deck/Time Working Over the Side Commenced _____________ Working Over the Side Completed _____________ Note: Initials certify completion of an item. If an item is not

applicable, indicate "NA" on initial line.


CHAPTER D5

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC SAFETY AND TAG-OUT PRECAUTIONS D0501. DISCUSSION a. Practically every piece of equipment on board ship requires electrical power. Radars, communication equipment, as well as lighting, portable tools, and personal equipment all use power from the ship. b. The fact that electrical equipment and tools are so commonplace means that hazards involved with electricity are often taken for granted. This is despite the fact that the hazards of electrical shock are commonplace ashore where the extra shipboard hazards of high-powered equipment, unstable work spaces, and saltwater are usually non-existent. Compared to other environments, the potential for electrical shock aboard ship is increased. Because ships' electrical/electronic systems are ungrounded, personnel and equipment may easily become a path to ground in cases of faulty wiring, resulting in injury or death or damage to equipment. c. Refer to reference D5-1 for further guidance. D0502. DEFINITIONS a. "Electrical equipment" shall include generators, electrically powered machinery and mechanisms, power cables, controllers, transformers, and associated equipment. b. "Electronic equipment" shall include radars, sonars, radios, power amplifiers, antennas, electronic warfare equipment, computers, and associated controls and peripherals. D0503. ELECTRICAL PRECAUTIONS

a. General Precautions for Portable Electrical Equipment.

Portable electrical equipment is any device that may be plugged into the ship’s electrical power. All personnel using portable electrical tools shall:

(1) Wear approved electrical grade gloves when using electric portable tools in hazardous conditions, such as wet decks or bilge areas.


D5-2

(2) Wear leather gloves over rubber gloves when the work being done could damage the rubber gloves.

(3) Conduct the required PMS on electrical safety gloves before issue/use. Inspect electrical safety gloves prior to storage and store them so they are protected from damage. Do not use electrical safety gloves for cleaning, painting, or any purpose other than electrical work.

(4) Wear eye protection when working where particles may strike the eyes.

(5) Wear hearing protection (earplugs and/or circamaural muffs) when working with noise hazardous tools or in the area where such work is being conducted.

(6) Not use spliced cables on tool cords or extension cords.

(7) Not use any portable electrical equipment that has a frayed cord or broken/damaged plug.

(8) Ensure that the on/off switch is in the “off” position prior to inserting/removing the plug from the energized receptacle.

(9) Always connect the cord of portable electrical equipment into the extension cord before the extension cord is inserted into the energized receptacle.

(10) Always unplug the extension cord from an energized receptacle before the cord of the portable electrical equipment is unplugged from the extension cord.

(11) Arrange the cords so that they will not create a tripping hazard.

(12) Never pick up the tool by the electrical cord.

(13) When drilling/cutting through bulkheads, check the opposite side for cables and pipes.

(14) Only use electric equipment in explosive atmospheres if the equipment is approved for such use (explosion-proof or intrinsically safe).


D5-3

(15) Do not allow cords to run through hatches, chemicals, scuttles, or watertight doors or over sharp objects or hot surfaces. (16) Do not join more than two 25-foot extension cords together. (17) When it is necessary to run electrical leads through doors or hatches, protect the cord to guard against accidental closing of the door or hatch. (18) Return portable electrical power tools, drop cords, and extension cords, to the proper location to prevent damage to the equipment.

(19) Visually inspect portable cables for any signs of an unsatisfactory condition, such as tears, chafing, exposed insulated conductors, and damaged plugs and receptacles. Cables shall be of the proper length and cross-sectional area.

(20) Use only COMNAVSEASYSCOM-authorized extension or trouble lights for shipboard use in order to eliminate or drastically reduce the many hazards associated with the use of unauthorized commercial grade lights. These lights are intended for temporary use and should not be mounted in any manner. The approved lights most frequently used aboard ships are: (a) A caged, 100-watt incandescent bulb equipped with 50-foot, three conductor cable for use as a general multipurpose extension light (NSN 9G 6230-00-701-2947). (b) A small 4-watt fluorescent tube for servicing electronic equipment. This light is of all plastic construction with no outside conductive surfaces. It is intended for use in open electronic equipment areas only. It is not explosion proof and is not acceptable for use in hazardous atmospheres. b. Do not touch any conductor until it is properly tagged out of service and tested to be sure it is de-energized or discharged. c. Obey all warning signs; read equipment warning labels before use. d. Never work on live (energized) electrical equipment without the commanding officer's permission and only per paragraph B0705 of this manual.


D5-4

e. Always de-energize and "tag-out" with red "DANGER, DO NOT OPERATE" tags, installed electrical equipment before starting any maintenance or repair. Test for energized circuits per reference D5-1. f. Do not energize any electrical equipment that is danger tagged-out. Properly clear the tag first. If a caution tag is installed, ensure compliance with caution prior to energizing equipment. g. Only use authorized equipment to perform maintenance on electrical equipment. Ground all metal-cased electrical equipment, except power tools verified to be double insulated on the label and by electrical safety check. h. Close all fuse boxes, junction boxes, switch boxes, and wiring accessories. i. Use the one-hand rule when turning on electrical equipment. Never operate a switch with the other hand on a metal surface, which would provide a path to ground through the body. j. Never use outlets that appear to be burnt or damaged. Do not use equipment with worn or damaged cords, or crushed or damaged plugs. They are not to be patched with electrical tape. k. Ensure that "dead-man" switches work properly when installed. l. Use an authorized voltage meter to test whether equipment or circuits are energized. m. Never remove overload relays except for replacement or preventive maintenance. n. Follow all safety precautions in reference D5-1 when working on energized circuits or equipment. o. Use skin and eye protection when working with wet cell batteries. p. Visually inspect portable cables, such as shore power "pigtails", for any sign of an unsatisfactory condition, such as tears, chafing, exposed insulated conductors, and damaged plugs and receptacles. Cables shall be of the proper length and cross-sectional area. Do not use spliced portable cables except in emergency conditions, as outlined in reference D5-1.


D5-5

q. Only install fuses of the rating specified on a fuse box or panel. Do not over-fuse. Identify fuse panels that are missing fuse-rating labels. r. Do not connect single-phase 115 volt (v) mobile equipment, permanently located and energized more than 50 percent of the time (copiers, personal computers and their peripherals, vending machines, and money machines) to the ship's isolated receptacle circuits. Connecting this equipment to the ship's isolated receptacle circuits may overload the circuits, resulting in fire hazards. Connect equipment of this type to a separate single-phase circuit through an isolation transformer supplied by the lighting distribution system. See reference D5-1 for temporary modifications to power such mobile equipment. s. Do not use aluminum or metal portable ladders when working on electrical equipment. t. Use only Navy-approved power strips for computer equipment, printers, and peripherals. Never use power strips in series (connected one to another).

u. Wear skin and eye protection when changing out battle lantern batteries.

v. Never rewire bunk fans or lights or use bunk light

wiring to install receptacles or other electrical equipment. w. Do not use non-government owned or contractor’s

electrical equipment, extension cords, tools, or lights without the commanding officer’s permission.

D0504. BATTERIES a. Main Storage Batteries (1) Observe the following safety precautions when working in the battery compartment:

WARNING

REMOVE ALL METAL FROM BODY AND POCKETS. (a) Do not enter the battery compartment while a charge is in progress (not applicable to valve regulated lead acid batteries (VLRAs)).


D5-6

(b) Never work alone in the battery compartment except when performing daily specific gravity checks. (c) Make no repairs to battery storage connectors when battery current is flowing. (d) Measure battery ground resistance prior to any work in the battery compartment. Insulate the body from ground by using a rubber sheet. (e) Use only insulated tools and non-metallic flashlights in the battery compartment. Be very careful never to short-circuit any part of the battery. Appropriate precautions should be taken (i.e., insulated carrying tray) to ensure that no tools or equipment are dropped between battery cells. (f) Tools used in the battery compartment shall be shorter than the distance between metal terminals, when practical. (g) Ground detectors should never be used with personnel inside the battery compartment due to the potential for electrical shock. (h) Keep cell service openings closed except when they must be opened to take readings or add water (not applicable to VLRAs). (i) Keep cell tops clean. (j) Never stow loose gear in the battery compartment. Gear such as cleaning rags, hydrometer boxes, pieces of wire, and tools must be removed immediately after use. (k) Station a fire watch in the battery compartment whenever hot work is being performed at a compartment boundary. Have an insulated CO2 fire extinguisher available for minor fires. Two insulated CO2 fire extinguishers should be mounted near the battery compartment. Periodically check the extinguishers to ensure that the insulating material used (typically Plastisol) is adequate. (2) The charging of batteries will produce hydrogen gas that may be ignited causing fire and explosion. Keep the battery compartment properly ventilated during charging (not applicable


D5-7

to VLRAs). Hydrogen gas is not expected if a submarine VLRA is installed. (3) Follow applicable shipboard instructions for battery compartment access at all times. Post a warning placard at the battery compartment while battery charging is in progress (not applicable to VLRAs). (4) Hydrogen is emitted from lead acid batteries during discharge, stand, or charge, and therefore must be continuously ventilated (not applicable to VLRAs). When submarine VLRA installed, ventilation may be secured with the battery off-service, but the battery compartment should not be made airtight. (5) Hydrogen detectors must be operated continuously with readings taken at either 15 or 30-minute intervals, depending on the voltage or charging rate. See reference D5-2 for details (not applicable to VLRAs). (6) Do not pour water into concentrated sulfuric acid. The heat generated will cause a violent reaction. Sulfuric acid is highly corrosive. Wash up spillage with water and sodium bicarbonate. When handling acid or electrolyte, always wear a rubber apron, rubber boots, rubber gloves, chemical goggles, and a face shield. Know locations of nearest emergency eyewash station. (7) Do not charge a battery for which the resistance is less than 50,000 ohms. (8) Add to the battery only pure distilled water or water that analysis has found to be pure enough for battery use. Do not use the battery watering hose for any other purpose (not applicable to VLRAs). (9) Refer to D5-2 and D5-3 applicable technical manuals and shipboard operating procedures for battery operating and maintenance procedures (reference D5-2 is not applicable to VLRAs). b. Equipment Batteries (1) Mercury batteries shall not be used in nuclear submarines without approval of COMNAVSEASYSCOM. (2) Lithium batteries shall not be used aboard ship without specific approval of COMNAVSEASYSCOM per reference D5-3.


D5-8

(3) Primary batteries, especially mercury and lithium batteries, shall never be punctured, incinerated, compacted or recharged. (4) Dispose of mercury and lithium batteries promptly as used hazardous material, in accordance with reference D5-1, reference D5-4 and the ship’s hazardous material instructions or procedures. (5) Remove batteries from equipment before shipment or storage. Cover terminals of batteries with an insulating material to prevent short circuits. (6) Store spare and used batteries in an adequately ventilated and cool fireproof area. (7) Turn battery switch off when equipment is not in use or after the battery fails to operate the equipment. D0505. ELECTRICAL FIRES a. For electrical firefighting procedures, see reference D5-5. b. Main Storage Battery Fires (1) A battery fire may be preceded by an explosion. Great care is required fighting such a fire to avoid creating another explosion. (2) The safest and most effective method for fighting a battery compartment fire is through oxygen starvation. Secure the compartment and stop all ventilation within, including agitation air, to deprive flames of oxygen.

WARNING

NEVER ATTEMPT TO EXTINGUISH A BATTERY FIRE BY PORING WATER ON THE BATTERY. THE HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN GENERATED BY ELECTROLYSIS COULD PRODUC A VIOLENT EXPLOSION.

c. Electrical Fire Prevention (1) Keep electric motors and generators clean.


D5-9

(2) Ensure proper maintenance is performed on electrical equipment. (3) Report overheating or arcing of any electrical equipment. (4) Keep air filters clean.

(5) Do not overfuse.

D0506. FIRST AID FOR ELECTRICAL SHOCK a. Fundamentally, electric current rather than voltage is the criterion of shock intensity. The passage of even a very small current through a vital part of the human body can cause death. The voltage necessary to produce the fatal current is dependent upon the resistance of the body, contact conditions, the path through the body, etc. b. It is imperative to recognize that the resistance of the human body cannot be relied upon to prevent a fatal shock from 115 volts or even lower voltage; fatalities from as low as 30 volts have been recorded. Tests have shown that body resistance under unfavorable conditions may be as low as 300 ohms and possibly as low as 100 ohms from temple to temple if the skin is broken. Volt for volt, direct current (DC) potentials are normally not as dangerous as alternating current (AC) as evidenced from the fact that reasonably safe "let-go currents" for 60 hertz alternating current is 9.0 milliamperes for men and 6.0 milliamperes for women, while the corresponding values for direct current are 62.0 milliamperes for men and 41.0 milliamperes for women. (1) Symptoms of Electrical Shock. In the event of severe electrical shock, the victim could become very pale or "bluish." His pulse is extremely weak or entirely absent, unconsciousness is complete, and burns are usually present. The victim's body may become rigid or stiff in a few minutes. This condition can be caused by muscular reaction to shock, and it shall not, necessarily, be considered as rigor mortis. Therefore, artificial respiration shall be administered immediately, regardless of body stiffness, as recovery from such a state has been reported. Consequently, the appearance of rigor mortis shall not be accepted as a positive sign of death. (2) Victim Rescue. The rescue of electrical shock victims is dependent upon prompt administration of first aid.


D5-10

All electronic and electrically trained personnel shall be trained annually in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) procedures by an instructor certified by an authorized agency, such as the American Red Cross or the American Heart Association.

CAUTION

DO NOT ATTEMPT TO ADMINISTER FIRST AID OR COME IN PHYSICAL CONTACT WITH AN ELECTRICAL SHOCK VICTIM BEFORE THE POWER IS SHUT OFF, OR, IF THE POWER CANNOT BE SHUT OFF IMMEDIATELY, BEFORE THE VICTIM HAS BEEN REMOVED FROM THE LIVE CONDUCTOR.

(3) When attempting to administer first aid to an electrical shock victim, proceed as follows: (a) Shut off the power. (b) If the power cannot be deactivated, per step (a), remove the victim immediately, observing the following precautions. 1. Protect yourself with dry insulating material. 2. Use a dry board, belt, dry clothing, or other available non-conductive material to free the victim (by pulling, pushing, or rolling) from the power-carrying object. DO NOT TOUCH the victim. (c) Immediately after removal of the victim from the power-carrying object, inform controlling station of casualty, call for emergency medical assistance team and automated external defibrillator and administer CPR. (d) When providing initial first aid measures, take into account any possible spinal injuries or fractures. D0507. ELECTRONIC PRECAUTIONS a. Definitions (1) Repair. Removal or replacement, by any method, of any component, subassembly, module, circuit card, or conductor to bring malfunctioning equipment back to an operational status.


D5-11

(2) Corrective maintenance. Alignment, adjustment, tuning, or trouble shooting of malfunctioning equipment per published maintenance or technical manual procedure. (3) Preventive maintenance. Alignment, adjustment, tuning, or testing of operational equipment to ensure performance within published maintenance card or technical manual procedures.

b. Repair of electronic equipment is normally accomplished with the circuit de-energized. Every effort should be made to avoid making repairs to energized equipment. DO NOT repair energized electronic equipment unless you are using approved procedures from technical manuals or other documentation, or an emergency condition exists and the commanding officer has granted permission to perform such repair. In such an emergency, trained personnel shall accomplish the repair of energized circuits and an experienced technician or officer shall supervise. Electronic repair personnel should observe the safety precautions in reference D5-6. c. Corrective maintenance on energized electronic equipment is authorized when done according to published maintenance or technical manual procedures. Freelance corrective maintenance (i.e., maintenance without a procedure) on energized electronic equipment shall be performed ONLY with the specific permission of the commanding officer. Refer to reference D5-1 for specific safety instructions when performing work on energized equipment. d. Preventive maintenance on energized electronic equipment is authorized when it is according to a published maintenance requirement card or technical manual procedures. Refer to reference D5-1 for specific safety instructions when performing work on energized equipment. e. Perform preventive or corrective maintenance on energized electronic equipment only when duly authorized and trained on that type of equipment. Refer to reference D5-1 for specific safety instructions when performing work on energized equipment. f. Whenever work on energized electronic equipment exposes the technician to 30 volts or greater adhere to the following precautions: (1) Study the applicable schematic and wiring diagrams before servicing.


D5-12

(2) Research into or enter energized electronic equipment enclosure for the purpose of servicing or adjusting only when prescribed by applicable technical manuals, maintenance requirement card, or other approved documentation. (3) Obtain the commanding officer’s permission whenever work on energized electronic equipment deviates from published corrective or preventive maintenance procedures.

(4) Station a safety observer capable of securing power and rendering adequate aid in the event of an emergency. (5) Provide warning signs and suitable guards to prevent personnel from coming in accidental contact with dangerous voltage. (6) Obey all warning signs and heed all equipment warning labels. (7) Insulate the work from ground with approved electrical grade rubber matting. Installation requirements for electrical grade matting are contained in reference D5-7. (8) Remove or snugly secure any loose clothing. Remove all jewelry. (9) Adequately insulate all metal tools. (10) Use only one hand, if practical, in accomplishing the work. (11) Wear electrical grade rubber gloves on both hands, if possible. If the nature of the work is too cumbersome to wear gloves on both hands, then a glove shall be worn on the non-working hand. g. Reaching into de-energized equipment also requires special care and precaution. (1) Study the applicable schematic and wiring diagrams before servicing. (2) Ensure you are familiar with all circuits that must be de-energized and all voltage storing and high voltage components.


D5-13

(3) Discharge all voltage storing components with an approved safety shorting probe. (4) Do not touch a conductor or electronic component unless you have proven it to be de-energized by using a known, approved voltage tester. h. Removal of a unit or part from the normal location within an assembly and the energizing of the unit or part, while it is outside the normal enclosure, removes the protective features such as interlocks, enclosures and the grounding. These safety features may then no longer function as designed. Ground the chassis and frame of all units removed for servicing and ground all circuits normally grounded in operation whenever power is applied to the unit.

i. Do not energize any equipment that is danger tagged out. Properly clear the tag-out first. If a caution tag is installed, ensure compliance with the caution before energizing equipment. j. Never defeat an interlock or built-in safety device. Modify such safeguard circuits only as authorized by the cognizant system command. k. Refer to reference D5-1 and reference D5-6 for additional precautions regarding electric systems. D0508. TAG-OUT PRECAUTIONS Tagging out of electrical or electronic energy sources shall be conducted in accordance with reference D5-8.

________________________

CHAPTER D5

REFERENCES D5-1. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) 300, Electrical Plant General D5-2. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) 223, Submarine Storage Batteries, Lead Acid Batteries


D5-14

D5-3. NAVSEA S9310-AQ-SAF-010, Navy Lithium Safety Program Responsibilities and Procedures D5-4. OPNAVINST 5090.1B D5-5. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) 555, Submarine Firefighting D5-6. NAVSEA SE 000-00-EIM-100, Electronics Installation and Maintenance Book (EIMB), General Handbook D5-7. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) 634, Deck Coverings D5-8. NAVSEA S0400-AD-URM-010, Tag-Out Users Manual (TUM)


CHAPTER D6

SHIPBOARD FUELS D0601. DISCUSSION

a. Fuels are used aboard submarines to power emergency auxiliary equipment. The biggest hazard with shipboard fuels is explosion and fire. Other hazards include asphyxiation, body burns, dermatitis, eye and respiratory difficulties, and environmental hazards.

b. Due to the incredible impact a shipboard explosion and

fire would have, the possibility that a catastrophe could occur should constantly be in the minds of all personnel, especially those involved in fuel storage and transfer operations. c. Complete an operational risk management (ORM) review per reference D6-1 before refueling operations and mitigate risks, as feasible. D0602. PRECAUTIONS a. Never smoke in fuel storage or transfer areas during maintenance, fueling, or venting operations. b. Prohibit any open flames, hot work, or the use of non-explosion proof fixtures or equipment near opened fuel storage or transfer areas. Only approved fluorescent fixtures are permitted in areas in which fuel is handled. c. Ensure forced ventilation is in operation during fueling or venting operations. d. Always ventilate fuel tanks and obtain gas free engineer's certification before entering. Ship's gas free engineer may certify only for ship’s force entry. e. Never enter a fuel tank to aid an unconscious crewmember without permission, an emergency breathing apparatus (EAB) as respiratory protection, and a back-up person standing by. The back-up person shall also be equipped with the proper emergency breathing apparatus.


D6-2

f. Detect leaks and make immediate repairs in all fuel systems. Report and clean up spilled fuel immediately using appropriate hazardous material (HM) or oil spill clean-up equipment and procedures. Dispose of fuel contaminated materials as directed by the HM coordinator. g. Inspect tanks, piping, fuel hoses, pumps, and communication equipment before transferring fuel. Ensure a drip pan is under all transfer hose connections and that gaskets are in place in hose joints and couplings. h. Store oily wastes and rags in an approved container and empty daily in accordance with local HM procedures to avoid spontaneous combustion. i. Do not discharge fuel or oily wastes over the side. Report any spills over the side immediately. Place absorbent pads at deck edges to prevent spillage from running over the side. j. Ensure that flash screens (flame arresters) on tank vents are in place and in good material condition. k. Check air relief valves or pressure-vacuum relief valves to ensure that they are operating properly in accordance with the PMS. l. Do not move fuel until all involved personnel have signaled readiness. Maintain a hose and overboard discharge watch during transfer operations. m. Frequently monitor fuel levels in tanks. Constantly monitor fuel level when fueling. n. Avoid physical contact with fuel(s). Remove fuel-soaked clothing and thoroughly wash off any fuel spilled on skin with soap and fresh water. Seek immediate medical attention if fuel is ingested or inhaled during the spill. o. Do not access or work in a space where there is a potential exposure to fuel vapors without the appropriate respiratory protection. p. Always ground hoses before transferring fuel. Do not break that ground until hoses are disconnected.


D6-3

q. While pierside, stop all transfer operations during electrical storms or thunderstorms. r. Install flange shields over pipe joints in accordance with reference D6-2. The purpose is to prevent flammable liquids from spraying over a greater area or contacting hot surfaces in the event a leak occurs.

________________

CHAPTER D6

REFERENCES

D6-1. OPNAVINST 3500.39B D6-2. Naval Ships' Technical Manual (NSTM) 505, Piping Systems


CHAPTER D7

WELDING, CUTTING, AND BRAZING D0701. DISCUSSION

a. The convenience of metal arc and gas welding and cutting lies largely in the fact that the equipment can be taken to the job. This convenience leads to the performance of construction or repair jobs in spaces that have not been designed for such concentrated heat, or mixtures of toxic or explosive gases. The failure to take proper precautions, during welding or cutting operations in such spaces, presents a serious fire, explosion, electric shock, and health hazard.

b. Health hazards common to welding, cutting, and brazing are numerous. In addition to electric shock, burns to the eyes and skin can be caused by sparks, molten metal, and ultraviolet and infrared radiation. Fumes and gases generated by welding, brazing, and cutting can produce ozone and oxides of nitrogen which are poisonous. Lead, zinc, chrome, and cadmium in alloys (strips or wire in coils or rods) produce toxic fumes. Paints and coatings may produce toxic gases when heated by the flames of the welding torch. Additionally, some metal fumes are capable of producing metal-fume fever, although metal fume fever is commonly associated with galvanized or zinc-containing metals. Local exhaust ventilation is a must to remove excessive concentrations of air contaminants to safe levels. Welding in closed, unventilated spaces can result in respiratory irritation or poisoning of personnel.

c. Hot work includes:

(1) Flame heating, welding, torch cutting, brazing, carbon arc gouging

(2) Any operation producing temperatures of 400

degrees Fahrenheit or higher

NOTE:

Operations not producing hot sparks and flames such as spark-producing or arc producing tools or equipment, static discharge, friction, open flames or embers, impact, and non-explosion-proof equipment such as lights,


D7-2

fixtures, or motors are not considered hot work unless occurring in the presence of flammable liquids or in a flammable atmosphere.

d. Hot work is divided into two classes where only class alpha

materials (ordinary combustibles) (e.g., wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and many plastics) are exposed. These classes are:

(1) Class-I. These processes produce either high energy sparks or slag that can be thrown or dropped at the work site or produce heat that can be transferred through the deck, overhead, bulkhead, or structure to a location not visible to the hot work operator. This class includes:

(a) Flame cutting

(b) Welding

(c) Plasma cutting

(d) Arcing and gouging

(e) Electric arc welding

(f) Thermal spraying (g) Other hot spark or flame producing

process not included in class II.

(2) Class-II. These processes produce flames or minimal energy sparks or slag that is generally localized to the immediate work area. This class includes:

(a) Stud welding with an electric stud gun

(b) Gas-tungsten-arc (GTA) welding

(c) Torch brazing

(d) Ferrous metal grinding with abrasive disks. D0702. PRECAUTIONS

a. Clothing and Protective Equipment

(1) Use the appropriately shaded goggles, welder’s helmet, or face-shield, as well as flameproof gloves, jackets,


D7-3

leggings and boots, are required by reference D7-1, the industrial hygiene survey, or other applicable reference. A respirator may be required if indicated by the respirator program manager (RPM).

(2) Remove lighters from pockets during hot work.

(3) Do not wear synthetic-fiber clothing.

(4) Do not roll up sleeves, cuffs, or have open

pockets.

(5) Always wear a welder's jacket or sleeves and apron while welding. Helmets and welding shields shall be fitted with the proper filter and cover lenses.

(6) Always wear electrical safety gloves when removing or replacing electrodes, or handling energized holders, tables, or equipment. The gloves shall be dry and in good condition.

(7) Consult with the RPM for specific guidance regarding respirator needs or selection. Cartridge respirators, when properly selected (see chapter B6 of this manual), will protect against the metal fumes generated during welding. They do not provide oxygen, which may be necessary when working in a confined space. If sufficient ventilation is not available, they will not protect against hazardous gases which may be generated during welding; particularly metal inert gas (MIG) and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. Where either condition exists, use a supplied-air respirator. Consult the RPM about respirator use and selection.

(8) To protect passers-by from ultraviolet (UV) arc

flash and combustible materials from sparks, use NAVSEA-approved welding curtains or panels as defined in reference D7-1.

b. Space Precautions

(1) Observe the following precautions during the

performance of hot work:

(a) Do not perform hot work when flammable liquids or flammable atmospheres are present without specific instructions of the gas free engineer.

(b) Inspect the other side of the bulkhead, deck, overhead, or other structure to ensure that hot work will


D7-4

not damage materials or equipment that may be on the other side of the hot work operation.

(c) Remove explosive materials and flammable liquids or vapors and take suitable precautions against the reaccumulation of such materials. For welding in spaces in which explosive materials are located (e.g., torpedo rooms, missile compartments, etc.) refer to reference D7-2.

(d) Where practicable, relocate all combustibles at

least 35 feet from the work site. Where relocation is impracticable, protect combustibles with metal guards or curtains constructed of military specification (MIL-C-24576) material. Tighten edges of covers at the deck to prevent sparks from going underneath the cover. This precaution is also important at overlaps where several covers are used to protect a large pile of combustibles.

(e) Protect intricate and vulnerable machinery and equipment from falling sparks or other potential sources of fire with metal guards or curtains constructed of MIL-C-24576 material. Secure protection in-place before commencing hot work.

(f) For hot work processes that generate slag, weld splatter, or sparks, cover openings in decks, bulkheads, or overheads within 35 feet which can be a path to prevent ignition sources from passing into adjacent compartments, spaces, or decks below. A complete containment system as described in reference D7-1 meets this requirement. If openings cannot be covered, post a fire watch on the far side.

(g) Blank-off ducts that might carry sparks to distant combustibles or otherwise suitably protect.

(h) When hot work is done near decks, bulkheads, partitions, or overheads of combustible construction, take precautions to prevent ignition.

(i) Do not undertake hot work on pipes or other metal in contact with insulation or combustible decks, bulkheads, partitions, or overheads if the work is close enough to cause ignition by heat conduction.

(j) Do not start hot work in areas other than those specifically designated for hot work without approval of the commanding officer or his designated representative. Abrasive


D7-5

disk grinding with a small wheel (typically 3-inch diameter or less) does not require notification or approval.

(k) De-energize all electrical equipment exposed to the

hot work. (2) Ensure that a gas free engineer's survey has been

completed before working in tanks, voids, or spaces, including adjacent spaces (especially if those tanks contained flammable liquids or vapors) if these spaces are identified as a confined space per chapter B8 of this manual.

(3) Obtain the commanding officer's permission before starting hot work underway (command duty officer, in port). Conduct hot work in or on fuel tanks, in spaces in which fuel tank vents terminate, or in other confined spaces known to contain flammable fuel, only with the commanding officer's approval. (4) Set fire watches as follows:

(a) In confined or enclosed spaces, machinery rooms, bilges, and other locations proximate to flammable atmospheres (e.g., near fuel tank vents and sounding tubes), post fire watches at the worksite when hot work is undertaken. After completion of the hot work operation, fire watches shall remain on station for a minimum of 30 minutes, ensure that the area is cool to the touch, and ensure that no smoldering embers remain.

(b) For Class-I hot work, post fire watches when hot work is undertaken. The fire watches shall stand watch for 30 minutes after hot work is completed.

(c) For Class-II hot work, a commanding officer’s representative (normally the command duty officer, engineering officer of the watch, or engineering duty officer) shall determine the need for a fire watch based on his assessment of the worksite prior to undertaking hot work. When posted, the fire watch(es) shall stand watch for 30 minutes after hot work is completed.

NOTE:

Abrasive disk grinding on a ferrous material with a large wheel (typically larger than 3 inches in diameter) typically throws large sparks long distances. A fire


D7-6

watch is recommended for large wheel grinding when class alpha materials (ordinary combustibles) are exposed. A commanding officer’s representative shall determine the need for a fire watch.

(d) When a fire watch is not required for Class-II hot

work, the hot worker shall have the appropriate fire extinguishing equipment available. The hot worker may leave the site after hot work is completed and after he/she has conducted a thorough survey of the area to check for smoldering fires. When grinding a ferrous material with a large abrasive disk wheel (larger than 3 inches in diameter), the hot worker shall stand watch for 30 minutes after the hot work ends. (e) When any type of hot work is being performed on bulkheads, decks, or overheads where sparks or heat transfer may ignite combustibles on the opposite, accessible side, set a fire watch on the far side.

(f) The hot worker and the hot worker’s supervisor are

responsible for ensuring fire watches are in place prior to starting work.

(g) Train fire watches per reference D7-1.

(h) Equip fire watches with personal protective equipment (PPE) as required for the operation being conducted and anticipated hazards.

(i) When more than one fire watch is required, establish a communication means between fire watches.

(5) Ensure fire extinguishing equipment is available in immediate area. The types of fire extinguishing equipment fire watches shall use are specified in reference D7-1. (6) Provide ventilation as specified in reference D7-1, industrial hygiene survey, gas free chit, or hot work chit.

(7) Contact the gas free engineer to ensure adequate

ventilation is provided in the space prior to commencing hot work.

(8) Personnel in areas adjacent to welding areas exposed to arc-produced ultraviolet radiation shall be protected by providing screens, appropriate welding goggles, or other approved means.


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(9) Never weld near a source of halocarbons, such as

refrigerant gases. Phosgene gas can be produced when halocarbons are exposed to high temperatures.

(10) Do not perform hot work during fueling or ammunition transfer operations.

(11) When anticipating welding/burning on areas treated

with vinyl, chip and scrape the area free of vinyl before starting hot work.

(12) Ship's force will not normally weld on the hull. If such welding is necessary, take proper precautions to ensure that special requirements are met. Accomplish radiography at the first opportunity.

c. Practices

(1) Never use oxygen to operate pneumatic tools, blow out pipe lines, blow dust from clothing or work, create pressure, or for ventilation purposes.

(2) Do not carry oxygen, acetylene, or other fuel gas cylinders into confined spaces.

(3) Always return cylinders to the proper storage when work is completed and ensure cylinders are secured in place by metal retaining collars, if installed.

(4) Ground and bond all electrical welding equipment before use.

(5) Stand on a dry surface or insulating material if surface is not completely dry to avoid electric shock.

(6) Never permit the metal part of the electrode or the electrode holder to touch the bare skin or any damp clothing which the operator may be wearing. Do not loop the welding cable over your shoulder or other parts of your body. Operators have been dragged off staging or scaffolds when the cables were fouled by other workmen or moving equipment.

(7) When stopping work for a significant time (lunch or

overnight), remove electrode from electrode holder, de-energize the equipment and disconnect welding supply cable from the welding machine.


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(8) When using portable machines, ensure that the

primary supply cables are separately laid and do not become entangled with welding supply cables.

(9) Inspect work and electrode lead cables regularly for wear and damage. Replace cables with damaged insulation or exposed conductors. Use connecting devices specifically intended for the purpose when joining lengths of supply and electrode cables. Adequately insulate connecting devices for the proposed service conditions.

(10) Keep welding cables dry and free from grease and oil, wherever practical, to prevent premature breakdown of the insulation which could cause serious short circuits.

(11) Suitably support cables overhead when it is necessary

to carry them some distance from the welding machine. If this cannot be done, and cables are laid on deck, protect them in such a manner that they will not be damaged or interfere with safe passage of personnel. Take special care to see that welding supply cables are not close to power supply cables, lighting circuits, or any equipment that utilizes magnetic tapes or depends upon a magnetic principle for operation. Block hatches and doors open to prevent damage to welding cables.

(12) To prevent short-circuiting, protect welding equipment used in the open from weather conditions (e.g., rain, snow, sleet, spray).

(13) Do not smoke cigarettes or use other forms of tobacco

while welding or brazing.

d. Cylinder Safety - Refer to chapter D15 for compressed gas safety precautions.

____________________________

CHAPTER D7

REFERENCES

D7-1. Naval Ships' Technical Manual (NSTM) 074, S09086-CH-STM-010, Welding and Allied Processes


D7-9

D7-2. NAVSEA OP 4, Ammunition and Explosives Safety Afloat


CHAPTER D8

MACHINERY D0801. DISCUSSION a. Machinery is located everywhere in the ship, from the more obvious examples of propulsion equipment in the engine room, to the less than obvious example of galley equipment. The purpose of this chapter is to define precautions for all types of machinery, including industrial equipment. Electrical safety precautions are covered in chapter D5. Galley equipment is described in chapter D13. b. All machinery has moving parts. Whenever there are moving parts, there is the possibility of personnel injury. While personnel injury is one aspect of machinery injury, the fact that a person has interrupted the machinery process can lead to even more disastrous accidents. c. Except in emergencies, and then only when no qualified operator is present, no person shall operate, repair, adjust, or otherwise tamper with any machinery unless assigned by a competent authority, (for example, officer-of-the-deck (OOD), command-duty-officer (CDO), or engineering-duty-officer (EDO)), to perform a specific function on such machinery. No person shall be assigned to operate or adjust machinery unless he has demonstrated a practical knowledge of its operations and repair and all applicable safety precautions, and then, only when qualified by the department head having cognizance over such machinery. Unqualified personnel will operate machinery only under the supervision of qualified personnel. D0802. GENERAL PRECAUTIONS a. Never place any part of the body into moving machinery. b. Never attempt to ride machinery that is not designed for transport. c. Do not wear jewelry, including any rings or watches, neckties, pagers, cell phones, or loose fitting clothing while operating machinery.


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d. Wear proper protective clothing and equipment suited to the operation being performed (e.g., hearing protection, eye, hand and foot protection, dust and paint respirators, if indicated by the respiratory protection manager (RPM). e. Do not wear polyester or other synthetic clothing when operating fuel fired equipment (in particular, no engine room or fire room personnel may wear such clothing) or while standing watch or performing maintenance in main propulsion spaces. f. Engine room and fire room personnel shall wear fire retardant coveralls, with sleeves rolled down, when on watch or when performing maintenance in machinery spaces where steam is circulating in the piping systems or fuel fired machinery is in operation. In nuclear propulsion spaces in submarines, engineering department personnel shall wear long-sleeve navy uniform shirts or navy uniform coveralls with sleeves rolled down when on watch or when performing maintenance in machinery spaces where steam is circulating in piping systems or a diesel engine is in operation. g. Observe manufacturer's safety precautions in the material safety data sheet (MSDS) and warning labels when handling flammable or toxic liquids; in particular, ensure that ventilation is adequate and wear appropriate personal protective equipment, such as eye protection and respirators, if indicated by the RPM. h. Use only hand tools and work lights that are in good material condition. Electrical tools and lights shall be used only if inspected and approved. Special non-sparking and explosion-proof electrical equipment may be required in the presence of flammable solvents and fuels. i. Ensure that equipment is de-energized and/or depressurized and properly DANGER-tagged before attempting to perform repairs or preventive maintenance. j. Ensure machinery, hand tools, and electrical equipment are properly grounded prior to operation. k. When working near electrical equipment or electrical cables, be alert to the presence of dangerous voltages and avoid striking such equipment with tools of any kind. Should such damage inadvertently occur, report it immediately to the ship's electrical officer.


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l. Do not use compressed air to clean personnel, clothing or to perform general space cleanup in lieu of vacuuming or sweeping. Compressed air may be used to clean machinery parts that have been properly disassembled provided that the supply air pressure does not exceed 30 pounds per square inch (psi) and that a proper safety shield tip is used. Wear safety goggles, hearing protection, and proper respiratory protection, if indicated by the RPM, when using compressed air for approved cleaning. m. Hazardous materials (HM) are frequently used in the operation and maintenance of machinery. Refer to chapter D15 for safety precautions associated with HM. n. Supervisors shall ensure that anyone who incurs any type of injury or who is exposed to any occupational hazard receive prompt medical attention. o. Promptly reinstall shaft guards, coupling guards, deck plates, handrails, flange shields, and other protective devices removed as interference immediately after completion of maintenance on machinery, piping, valves, or other system components. p. Be aware of asbestos thermal insulation and asbestos-containing materials. Ensure proper training, handling/disposal requirements are followed (see chapter B1). Asbestos fireproofing material is still common aboard some ships and asbestos can be found in sheet gaskets, spiral-wound (flexitallic) gaskets, pipe hangers, clutch plates, brake pads, and some lagging. D0803. MAINTENANCE Ensure that all installed safety devices, alarms, and sensors are inspected and/or tested following scheduled preventive maintenance system (PMS) and other type commander requirements. a. Assign the repair of defective safety devices a high priority. b. Correct oil leaks at their source. Wipe up spills of any kind immediately and store the used or soiled rags in fire-safe containers, emptied daily. Dispose of rags as directed by the HM coordinator. c. Avoid trip hazards by maintaining proper stowage.


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d. Do not allow fire hazards to accumulate. e. Ensure that all firefighting equipment is kept in a maximum state of readiness at all times. f. Ensure repair lockers are properly outfitted and restored after each use. g. Continuously monitor fire and flooding alarm panels. No alarm or flag shall be allowed to go uninvestigated. Alarm panels known to give false or spurious indications shall either be labeled and repaired or replaced as soon as possible. h. Piping systems that have been opened for maintenance (after having been properly isolated and tagged-out of service) shall not be left open overnight. Install appropriate metal blank flanges if a section of piping has to remain open overnight or for any extended period of time. Add such temporary openings to the list of items to be checked by the below decks, shutdown roving watch, or space watch for the duration of the maintenance period. i. Open all tank or piping drains and/or vents before loosening manhole or handhold plates or flanges. Stand clear of such fittings when initially opening them after service. D0804. INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT a. General Industrial Equipment Operation and Repair Safety. (1) Read manufacturer's instruction books for essential details of readying machines and equipment for operation, cleaning, lubricating, and general care and maintenance. These instruction books, supplemented by technical handbooks, provide comprehensive instructions on all phases of shop practice. (2) Inspect before operating industrial equipment (fixed or portable) to ensure that the equipment is in good working condition and that all installed or attached safety features (such as guards, limit switches, interlocks, and speed limiting controls) are in place and in good working order. (3) Unplug or disconnect from power source and affix a red tag (DANGER - DO NOT OPERATE) on all fixed or portable industrial equipment requiring repairs.


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(4) Shut off the power when changing industrial equipment parts such as face plates or chucks on lathes, drill bits in electric drills, or saw blades. (5) Replace machine guards and safety devices after repairing, oiling or greasing, or after inspections or PMS have been completed before the machine is started or operated. (6) Remove all industrial tools or test equipment used in making repairs, adjustments to machinery, or other shipboard equipment/systems so that all working parts of the machinery, equipment, or system will be free to operate without damage. (7) Take care that no one is in a position to be injured when the machinery/equipment/system is again set in operation. (8) Be sure all personnel are clear before starting any industrial tools or equipment. (9) Ensure there is plenty of light to work by before operating a machine. Incandescent lights must be used for machines with visible rotating shafts or chucks to avoid the stroboscopic (appearance of being stationary) effect from fluorescent lights. (10) See that tools and work are properly clamped before starting a machine. (11) Place or mount a saw, cutter head, grinding wheel, or tool collar on a machine arbor only when the tool is the proper size to fit the arbor. (12) Ensure each powered machine has a means of cutting off power that can be safely reached and operated from the operator's normal position, without reaching through the point of operation or other hazardous areas. (13) On machines where injury to personnel might result if motors were to restart after power failures, check that provisions have been made to prevent machines from automatically restarting upon restoration of power. (14) Ensure that operating controls are protected by recessing, guarding, location, or other effective means against unexpected or accidental activation of the machine.


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(15) The point of operation is the area of a machine where the work is actually performed upon the material being processed. Check that the point of operation is guarded so that personnel cannot be injured by contact with the machine or by flying objects propelled from the machine. Methods of point-of-operation guarding include barriers, shields, interlocks, automatic feed and removal, and two-hand activation devices. The best guarding device is usually one designed and attached by the manufacturer as an integral part of the machine. The selection and design of guards other than those provided by the manufacturer must be adequate to protect personnel and not present a hazard in themselves. (16) Power transmission devices include belts, chains, pulleys, shafting, flywheels, gears, sprockets, and any other moving parts of a machine other than the point of operation. Ensure that power-transmission devices are enclosed within the machine or otherwise guarded or so located that it is not possible for personnel to contact the moving parts. (17) Ensure non-skid strips are installed on the deck (in the operator's work area) in front of permanently mounted machine tools. (18) Ensure all warning and caution signs, for eye hazards, noise hazards, pinch points, etc., and machine safety precautions are posted within sight of the machine operator. Signs should also be posted in other conspicuous areas within the work-center to warn other personnel of the hazards. Ensure caution areas and eye hazard areas around the machine are marked as defined in chapter B5. b. Housekeeping (1) Keep areas around machines clear of obstructions and in a non-slippery condition. Clean up all spilled oil or grease immediately. (2) Keep machines clean. (3) Do not clean chips from the surface of machines with compressed air or with hands; use a brush or hook and wear leather gloves. (4) Do not use compressed air to clean clothing or to blow dust off the body or to assist in the cleanup of dust, debris, or other particulate matter.


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(5) Do not place hand tools on lathes or other machines. Keep them in their assigned location. (6) Turn off all power to the equipment before removing chips and other debris. (7) Ensure that all portable tools (electrical or pneumatic) have been tested prior to initial use and periodically, as prescribed by PMS or other data. (8) Ensure that all machine guards and other safety devices are in place prior to equipment operation. c. Portable Power Tools (1) Ensure all portable electric power tools have a current safety inspection prior to use. (2) Ensure that deck grinders and pneumatic needle guns without positive accessory holding are equipped with an operable, manufacturer-installed "dead-man" switch. (3) Keep portable power tools clean, lubricated, and in good repair. (4) Keep all electrical cords clear of moving parts when using portable electrical equipment around machine tools. (5) Wear and use necessary personal protective equipment, such as hearing protection for those tools and equipment labeled as noise hazardous. d. Operating Precautions – General (1) Remove chuck keys, wrenches, or other devices used to attach accessories to industrial machines before operating. (2) Do not attempt to adjust a tool or feel the edge to be cut while the equipment or tool is in motion. (3) Never attempt to stop or grab by hand or apply a wrench or tool to moving work or to moving industrial-equipment parts. (4) Never lean against a machine that is running. (5) Never leave moving machinery unattended.


D8-8

(6) Do not distract the attention of a machine operator. (7) Remove cutting tools from machines when not in use. (8) Avoid excessive cutting speeds, feeds, and depth of cut. Keep hands clear of moving parts. Use a separate pusher bar or block to feed stock into cutting blades. e. Securing for Sea. When securing for sea, take all precautions to ensure that components of industrial equipment or tools, including accessories, will not sway or shift with the motion of the ship. These precautions should include, but are not limited to, the following: (1) Lower the arm of top-heavy equipment, such as a radial drill press, to rest on the table or base of the machine and then clamp and block securely. (2) Secure chain falls and other suspended equipment, such as counterweights on drill presses. (3) Secure tailstocks of lathes. (4) Protect and secure tools stowed in cabinets or drawers. Secure drawers and cabinet doors. Where possible, install metal bands or fixtures vice using line to temporarily secure equipment. Secure all bar and sheet-metal stock and do not handle or move while underway. (5) Inspect foundation bolts of heavy equipment annually in accordance with PMS to ensure tightness. (6) While underway or while at anchor in high sea states, do not operate shop machines whose components are subject to shifting or swaying with the motion of the ship, so as to present a hazard to the operators, without the expressed permission of the commanding officer. f. Posted Safety Precautions and Deck Markings (1) Post operating instructions and safety precautions tailored to the specific equipment at each piece of industrial plant equipment. Install warning plates, located to ensure visibility, wherever necessary to minimize possible injury. Also, instructions to never allow machines to run unattended and


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not to distract the operator while the machine is in operation are appropriate. (2) Clearly establish and mark equipment hazard zones and eye hazard areas per chapter B5, ship's plans and specifications, or technical manuals. g. Safety Precautions for Specific Types of Equipment (1) Pneumatic Tools – General. (a) Wear and use necessary personnel protective devices, especially eye and hearing protection. (b) Do not connect or drive pneumatic tools by air pressure in excess of that for which the tools are designed. (c) Only authorized and trained personnel shall operate pneumatic tools. (d) Lay pneumatic tools down in such a manner that no harm can be done if the switch is accidentally tripped. Do not leave idle tools in a standing position. (e) Keep pneumatic tools in good operating condition and thoroughly inspect them at regular intervals with particular attention given to on-off control-valve trigger guard (if installed) and hose connections. (f) Pneumatic tools and air lines may be fitted with quick- disconnect fittings which incorporate automatic excess flow shut-off valves, which shuts off the air at the air lines before changing grinding wheels, needles, chisels, or other cutting or drilling bits. (g) Only use air hoses suitable to withstand the pressure required for the tool. Remove leaking or defective hoses from service. (h) Do not lay hoses over ladders, steps, scaffolds, or walkways in such a manner as to create a trip hazard. Where a hose is run through doorways, protect the hose against damage by the door edge. Preferably, elevate air hose over passageways or working surfaces in a manner to permit clear passage and prevent damage to the hose.


D8-10

(i) Connect a tool retainer on each piece of equipment which, without such a retainer, may eject the tool. (j) Ensure that all portable pneumatic grinders are equipped with a safety lock-off device. The lock-off device must automatically and positively lock the throttle in the off position when the throttle is released. (k) Ensure that air hoses are equipped with "quick disconnect" fittings at all hatches, doors, or scuttles. (2) Buffers, Grinders, and Cut-Off Wheels – General. (a) Check the spindle speed of the machine before mounting of the wheel to be certain that it does not exceed the maximum operating speed marked on the wheel. (b) Gently tap wheels with a light non-metallic implement, such as the handle of a screwdriver for light wheels, or a wooden mallet for heavier wheels, immediately before mounting. Do not use if they sound cracked (dead). This is known as the "ring test." It should also be noted that organic-bonded wheels do not emit the same clear metallic ring as do vitrified and silicate wheels. (c) Wheels must be dry and free from sawdust when applying the "ring test," otherwise the sound will be deadened. (d) Dress or replace wheels that are chipped, rounded, or worn out of round prior to using the grinder. (e) Replace fabric buffer wheels that are frayed or worn out of round. (f) Replace wire buffer wheels that are badly worn or loose at the hub. (g) Permanently-mounted buffers and grinders shall have a shatterproof safety shield in place between the operator's eyes and the work at all times while buffing and grinding. Wear eye and face protection and hearing protection when operating either portable or permanently mounted buffers or grinders. (h) Clean the flange surface of grinding and buffing wheels, normally placed between washers and the spindle hole, before mounting the wheel so that clamping pressure will be evenly distributed.


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(i) Ensure that the hole in the buffer or grinding wheel is of the proper size for spindle (neither too small nor too large). (j) Use compression washers as large as the flanges in diameter for buffer and grinding wheels. (k) Tighten spindle nuts just enough to keep the buffer or grinding wheel from moving out of position between the washers. (l) Mount tool or work rests on firm supports and space not more than 1/8 inch from the surface of grinding wheel. If equipped with dust collector bags, ensure they are of non-flammable material and are emptied regularly. (m) Ensure that the hood around grinding wheels is constructed so its periphery can be adjusted to the constantly decreasing diameter of the wheel by means of an adjustable tongue or equivalent. Maintain the distance between the wheel periphery and the tongue or end of the periphery band at approximately one-fourth of an inch. (n) Ensure that the upper point of opening in the grinding wheel hood facing the operator is not less than 25 degrees and not more than 65 degrees from a vertical line drawn through the spindle center. (o) Ensure that the maximum exposure of a grinding or cut-off wheel periphery or circumference for hoods on a swing frame machine does not exceed 180 degrees and the top half of the wheel is protected at all times. (p) Ensure that the maximum exposure of the wheel periphery or circumference on bench or floor stands does not exceed 90 degrees. (q) Protect cup-type wheels used for external grinding by either a movable cup guard or a band type guard. Provide all other portable abrasive wheels used for external grinding with safety guards (protection hoods), except as follows: 1. When the work location makes it impractical, use a wheel equipped with safety flanges.


D8-12

2. When using wheels two inches or less in diameter, securely mount the wheel on the end of a steel mandrel. (r) When safety flanges are required, use them only with wheels designed to fit the flanges. Use only safety flanges of a type and design and properly assembled as to ensure that the pieces of the wheel will be retained in case of accidental breakage. (s) Ensure portable abrasive wheels used for internal grinding are provided with safety flanges (protection flanges), except as follows: 1. When wheels are two inches or less in diameter, securely mount on the end of a steel mandrel. 2. If the wheel is entirely within the work area being ground. (t) Ensure that all deck or bench mounted abrasive wheels have a work rest. Keep the work rest adjusted to within 1/8 inch of the wheel periphery to prevent the work from being jammed between the rest and the wheel. (3) Operating Grinding, Buffing, and Cut-Off Wheels (a) Stand to one side of the wheel when first applying power. (b) Take care that the hands are not drawn into contact with buffing, grinding, and cut-off wheels. (c) Never operate stationary grinding wheels unless protective eye guards and hooks are in their place and the tongue or the tool rest is correctly adjusted. Wear eye and face protection. (d) Never operate portable pneumatic or electric grinding machines using wheels and wire brushes without a hood. (e) Before the power is turned on, check to ascertain that the wheel runs true, is not out of balance, and does not strike or rub against housing, hood, safety shield, or tool rest. Dress wheels as necessary. (f) Never use a grinding wheel on nonferrous materials. Nonferrous materials could build up on the wheel


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causing an imbalance condition or possible debris hazard. Dress grinding wheels that have excessive imbedded non-ferrous material. D0805. TRASH COMPACTOR/TRASH DISPOSAL UNIT The following is a list of precautions applicable to the submarine trash compactor: a. When working with disposable cans, wear work gloves (e.g., Kevlar®). Be careful of any sharp edges. b. Keep unit clean and sanitary. c. Do not load wet garbage or liquids into the trash compactor. Drain excess liquids from containers that are to be compacted. d. Do not put rigid materials, such as thick metal or wood, into the compactor. e. Ensure that disposable cans are properly formed to prevent hang-up in or damage to the trash disposal unit muzzle ball valve mechanism. f. Do not attempt to service the compactor while it is in operation. Ensure that the hydraulic supply isolation valve is shut and DANGER tagged in accordance with the tag-out procedures. g. Do not modify interlocks to operate the trash compactor without closing the cover. h. Wear eye protection, work gloves (e.g. Kevlar®), and a rubber apron when operating the trash compactor. i. Ensure legible operating instructions are posted for the trash compactor and trash disposal unit. j. For SSBN/SSGN 726 class trash compactors: (1) Before unlatching the retainer doors, ensure that the safety hood (cover) is raised. (2) Do not place hands under the ram unless the safety hood (cover) is raised and the hydraulic supply isolation valve is shut.


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(3) Before opening the hydraulic supply isolation valve, ensure that the ram control valve is latched in the centered position and the retainer doors are shut and latched. (4) Do not operate the ram with the doors open. (5) Ensure that all four toggle pins on the retainer doors are securely latched shut before operating unit. Failure to do this may result in the container bursting under compactor pressure unit. k. For other submarine trash compactors: (1) Pin lock the hydraulic control valve in the NEUTRAL position to prevent inadvertent operation while loading the compactor. (2) Prior to compacting, ensure that the disposable container is in full contact with the retainer to prevent container distortion during compacting. (3) Prior to compacting, ensure the retainer is securely latched in place so the ram will be unobstructed when it is lowered. (4) Material must never be inserted into the compactor while the retainer is positioned vertically under the ram and the control valve is in a position other than locked in the NEUTRAL position.


CHAPTER D9

SANITATION SYSTEMS

D0901. DISCUSSION Submarine sanitation systems are designed and operated to prevent the overboard discharge of untreated sewage into navigable waters of the United States or other countries. Sanitation systems hold raw sewage until it can be discharged overboard beyond three nm from any coastline or to a pier connection. D0902. GAS FREE ENGINEERING FOR SANITATION SYSTEMS

WARNING

The crew shall not open the manhole or enter a sanitation tank at any time unless this is done at a suitable industrial facility and all tank cleaning and gas free requirements are met. If problems develop preventing system operation, that require such tank access for correction, divert all drains overboard and secure the system until proper facilities are available or use redundant/backup sanitary systems, if installed, reference D9-2.

a. Do not open or enter a sanitary tank or remove a component which will leave an opening to the tank unless inspected and certified by a gas free engineer (GFE), or National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) marine chemist, since toxic and explosive gases may exist in the tank. b. Observe a no smoking regulation. Do not allow open flame, ordinary electric lights, flashlights, regular tools, or sparking electrical apparatus in or near an open tank or piping system. c. Recertify (gas free) open sanitary tanks at least every four hours. Personnel must recognize that even though a tank may be certified gas free, toxic gases can remain in the sludge blanket and could be released when the blanket is disturbed. d. Before opening a tank in any manner, or removing any valves or components below the highest level of the tank overflow, wear proper respiratory protective equipment (see


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chapter B6 for respiratory protection requirements or consult the respiratory protection manager (RPM). e. Utilize continuous net exhaust ventilation in accordance with reference D9-1 after opening tank. Ventilation should be sufficient to provide a change of air in the tank every three minutes. Avoid contamination of the air compressor or ventilation intakes. f. Do not weld or perform hot work inside or outside the tank without a GFE determining that the tank is safe for hot work. After welding is complete, inspect the coating for heat damage and repair as necessary. g. See reference D9-2 for additional information and precautions. D0903. SUBMARINE SANITATION SYSTEMS a. Control of Toxic Gas Hazards. To minimize the potential hazards resulting from the release of toxic gases from the sanitation system, observe the following precautions: (1) Venting pressure from the sanitary tank should be done through the installed restriction lines to improve filtering by installed charcoal filter by reducing gas velocity through the charcoal. Use of the restrictor lines also minimizes the chance of wetting the charcoal with entrained moisture. (2) Always assume that the sanitary tank and piping systems contain sewage and toxic gases, and have an oxygen-deficient atmosphere. Be especially attentive for hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gas with a rotten egg smell at low concentrations. This odor is not reliable as a warning signal because H2S will desensitize the sense of smell over time. As the H2S concentration increases, the degree of danger increases. (3) Never enter the tank or open the manhole access at any time unless at a suitable industrial facility, and only after certification by a GFE, industrial hygienist (certified GFE) or National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) certified marine chemist. (4) To minimize hazards, always flush tanks and blow twice and ensure gas free if components are to be removed or disassembled outside the tank, or from the piping below the highest point of the sanitary tank overflow.


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(5) Always recheck gas levels in the tank before reopening the tank or piping to replace repaired components if more than two hours have elapsed since the tank was last certified gas free (one hour if the ambient temperature is above 90 degrees Fahrenheit). (6) If levels of gases have climbed above acceptable limits, repeat flushing procedure. (7) Wear proper supplied air respiratory protective equipment, an emergency air breathing (EAB) device when replacing components, as indicated by the RPM. (8) In any space where a sewage spill has occurred, do not conduct any work or maintenance other than work required to clean up the spill, until gas levels are below acceptable limits and all sewage wastes, including solids, have been removed from the space and the space washed down. b. Safety Precautions for Sanitary Systems. After completion of sewage-transfer-hose blowdown or seawater-flushing, ensure transfer hose is depressurized. Close discharge valves prior to disconnecting sewage hose. c. Safety Requirements for Sanitary Systems Maintenance (1) Do not attempt sanitary system maintenance until the safety requirements and precautions have been thoroughly read and understood and only use the specific procedures for this maintenance outlined in the ship’s system manuals (SSM), applicable uniform industrial process instruction (UIPI) or other approved Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) document. If these procedures cannot be followed due to some equipment malfunction, maintenance shall be deferred until a suitable industrial facility/service becomes available. (2) If maintenance not requiring tank entry calls for equipment to be removed which will leave an opening in the tank, or calls for the removal or disassembly of any valve or piping component or anywhere below the highest point of the sanitary tank overflow piping, observe the following safety precautions: (a) Post a safety watch with a spare supplied air respirator (EAB device) at the access. (b) Ensure that the installed ventilation system is operating properly and that the compartment access is open.


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The submarine’s GFE shall determine if any additional temporary ventilation is required. (c) Flush the tank and piping. (d) Immediately seal openings using either blank flanges or a suitable sealing device. (e) Have a GFE recheck the tank atmosphere using a proper supplied air respirator (EAB device) before replacing failed components if more than two hours have elapsed since the tank was last certified gas free (one hour if ambient temperature is above 90 degrees Fahrenheit). If levels have climbed above acceptable limits, repeat flushing procedure until acceptable levels are obtained. Equipment or components can then be replaced using proper respirators. (f) Wash down the area with hot potable water and stock detergent.

WARNING

NEVER ASSUME A TANK IS EMPTY OR IS NOT DANGEROUS BECAUSE THE TANK HAS NOT BEEN IN USE.

D0904. SANITARY, HYGIENIC, AND SAFETY PROCEDURES a. Hygienic Procedures. The following hygienic procedures are applicable to all submarine sanitation systems:

(1) If connecting or disconnecting sewage transfer hoses, do not subsequently handle potable water hoses without a thorough wash-up (hands, lower arms, and face in that order) with hot soap and water. (2) Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (e.g., rubber gloves, rubber boots, chemical splash goggles and faceshield, and disposable coveralls), while connecting or disconnecting sewage hoses.

(3) Do not smoke, eat, or drink prior to a thorough wash-up with hot water and soap after working on sanitation systems.


D9-5

(4) Ensure that personnel exposed to sewage or who work on sanitation systems are placed in medical surveillance and maintain their basic immunizations as required by reference D9-3. (5) Verify that health warning placards are posted in appropriate locations, identifying procedures to be followed in those areas. b. Maintenance Procedures (1) Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (e.g., rubber gloves, rubber boots, chemical splash goggles and faceshields, and disposable coveralls) when performing maintenance which requires disassembly of sewage equipment or when contact with sewage is possible. (2) Wash down the area and components with hot potable water and stock detergent and rinse with seawater or fresh water upon completion of maintenance. (3) When sanitation system maintenance is complete, place protective clothing contaminated with sewage in two plastic bags for transport to the laundry. Use dissolvable bags plus an outer fabric or plastic bag, where possible, to prevent contact with sewage contamination. Place disposable TYVEK® coveralls in plastic trash bags for disposal. (4) Wash rubber boots and gloves in hot potable water and stock detergent, and rinse with an approved disinfectant solution. (5) Launder sanitary-soiled fabric protective clothing separately from other laundry items in 160° Fahrenheit minimum water temperature or water containing a disinfectant such as bleach. (6) Never walk through living, eating, working, or any manned spaces while wearing protective clothing, boots, or gloves that were worn while working on sanitary systems. (7) Thoroughly wash hands, lower arms, and face, in that order, with hot water and soap, using the nearest wash-up facilities following maintenance.


D9-6

c. Leak or Spill Clean-up Procedures

(1) In the event a space becomes contaminated with sewage as a result of leaks, spills, or sewage system backflow, evacuate the space immediately and notify the executive officer, damage control assistant, and the medical department representative (MDR). (2) Secure the spill area from traffic. (3) Test the area for explosive/combustible and toxic gases including hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4). If the area is free of gases, use of respirators is not required; however, maintain EABs readily available at the scene. (4) Remove spilled sewage and wash down with water and stock detergent. (5) The MDR must certify the space as clean and sanitized. If food service, berthing, or medical spaces are involved, the MDR shall ensure they are washed down with an approved disinfectant. (6) The MDR shall ensure personnel involved in the cleanup operations have current immunizations. d. Sewage Transfer Operations (1) Wash with hot potable water and stock detergent, and rinse with sea water or potable water, all deck discharge connections, components, and immediate deck areas each time sewage transfer operations are terminated and the sewage hose is disconnected. (2) Check the discharge connection periodically during sewage transfer operations to ensure that the connection is intact and that an unsanitary condition is not developing. e. Contaminated Bilges (1) Bilges contaminated with sewage wastes shall be pumped out, washed down, and pumped out again. (2) If potable water tanks form the deck or any boundary of the bilge, daily monitor the water from those tanks


D9-7

for coliform contamination. Continue monitoring until it is assured that sewage contamination of the tanks has not occurred. (3) If the potable water system is suspected of being contaminated, secure the appropriate tanks until the problem is corrected and the water is determined to be safe for consumption. (4) Refer to reference D9-4 prior to any discharging overboard.

D0905. DISCHARGE REQUIREMENTS and ADDITIONAL GUIDANCE

a. Refer to reference D9-4 prior to any discharge of sewage overboard.

b. See reference D9-2 for additional guidance and information related to submarine sanitation systems.

_________________________

CHAPTER D9

REFERENCES D9-1. Naval Ships' Technical Manual (NSTM), NAVSEA S9086-CH-STM-030/CH-074 V3, Gas Free Engineering D9-2. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) 593, Pollution Control D9-3. BUMEDINST 6230.15, Immunizations and Chemoprophylaxis D9-4. OPNAVINST 5090.1B


CHAPTER D10

HEAVY WEATHER D1001. DISCUSSION a. Heavy weather is any weather that results in high winds, extreme sea states, heavy rains, snow and/or hail. While a submarine is on the surface, heavy weather will generate excessive rolls, yaws, and pitching which makes working and living conditions on board a potential dangerous environment. b. A multitude of hazards may occur in heavy weather. Objects can slide and fall on personnel causing injury. Personnel can fall into machinery or equipment. Personnel topside and on the bridge can be swept overboard. Heavy weather is as dangerous now as it was during the days of sail, and all personnel must be aware of potential hazards and safety requirements. D1002. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHILE IN PORT AND/OR MOORED a. Keep complete topside safety lifelines and stanchions rigged at all times while in port except when mooring another submarine alongside. Do not dismantle any lifeline on the ship without the command duty officer's permission and ensure temporary lifelines are rigged prior to dismantling. Keep lifelines and stanchions in good repair. b. Keep complete floating lifelines rigged at all times while moored. Keep floating lifelines in good repair. c. Keep a Jacob's ladder rigged from the ship's safety track or cleat to the waterline in the vicinity of the hatch used for ship access at all times while moored or anchored. Keep ladder in good repair. Attach the Jacob's ladder so that it can be quickly removed and relocated to another location. d. Inspect all topside safety equipment daily. Ensure that gear adrift topside is removed at all times and report any unsafe conditions to the immediate supervisor. e. Topside watchstanders inport shall wear approved topside shoes when standing watch on board the submarine vice on the pier.


D10-2

f. Topside watchstanders shall be secured to the ship and/or wear an authorized life preserver after dark, in inclement weather, and at other times prescribed by the command duty officer when standing watch on board the submarine vice on the pier. g. If worsening weather conditions make it prudent to shift the watch to the bridge, ensure that topside equipment is unrigged as feasible and secure topside for sea. h. Normally mooring lines are doubled. With worsening weather conditions, use triple lines and/or install wire rope lines. Forward and after wire rope night riders may also be used. D1003. OPEN OCEAN OPERATIONS a. Based on the consideration of personnel safety, sending personnel topside in open sea should be authorized only for emergency situations, sea air rescue operations, and extreme tactical necessity. b. The officer of the deck (OOD) should inspect personnel going topside to ensure that they are wearing the proper gear and that it is donned properly. Personnel going topside should utilize the buddy system such that one man in the hatch will tend a safety line to each man going topside until he has fastened his safety harness to the safety track. Conversely, when proceeding below, each man will attach the line being tended from the hatch to his safety harness before disconnecting from the safety track. c. During normal surfaced underway steaming, all bridge personnel shall wear, as a minimum, an approved personal flotation device. Personnel that are required to man the bridge during heavy weather should wear a safety harness attached to the bridge and wear an authorized life preserver. In sea states of three or higher, rig the bridge for dive and shift the watch to control. d. Use of a cranial helmet and a fibrous life preserver will minimize potential injuries when striking the hull or deck if washed overboard.


CHAPTER D11

ABANDONING SHIP D1101. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS DURING ABANDONING SHIP a. Follow the specific safety procedures/precautions in the ship's abandon ship casualty bills as delineated in the ship systems manual (SSM).

b. Wear a full set of clothing including shoes and a soft cap or head covering as protection from exposure. c. If the ship has received submarine escape immersion equipment (SEIE) suits, all personnel should don a SEIE suit prior to abandoning ship. Otherwise personnel should use an inherently buoyant type life preserver, if available. Do not inflate auto-inflatable life preservers until the wearer is in the water. Inflate the life preserver as soon as wearer is in the water. d. Do not dive; always jump feet first, with feet and legs together and arms across the chest. e. Always abandon ship as far away from the damage as possible. f. Know direction of the wind and go to windward side of ship, if possible, to avoid flames, oil, and drift of ship. g. When in the water, stay calm and do not panic. Obey the following rules: (1) Conserve energy by moving as little as possible. (2) Keep clear of oil slicks, if possible. If possible, protect eyes and breathing passages by keeping head high or swimming underwater. If swimming underwater, prior to coming the surface, put hands above head and splash the water surface to disperse oil, debris, or flames. (3) If a danger of underwater explosion exists, float or swim on the back as near the surface of the water as possible


D11-2

(4) Stay with other persons in the water to reduce danger of sharks and make rescue easier. In cold water, forming close circles with others will preserve heat. (5) If ship is sinking rapidly, swim clear promptly, and tow injured persons clear, to avoid suction effect.


CHAPTER D12

PAINTING AND PRESERVATION D1201. DISCUSSION

a. For application and removal precautions for lead containing paint, see chapter B10. This chapter deals exclusively with the application and removal of non-lead containing paint.

b. Many paints, varnishes, lacquers, cleaners, solvents, and other finishing materials contain flammable solvents and, therefore, present a fire hazard. In addition, these same products frequently give off toxic vapors that can be harmful to health and the environment. For this reason, paints and similar products are not normally carried aboard submarines, although ships may carry rust converters to temporarily arrest corrosion. The submarine material control list (SMCL) provides additional guidance for cautions associated with submarine atmosphere control. See reference D12-1 for detailed procedures and precautions for painting. c. Paint removal operations can produce extremely high personnel exposures to toxic substances found in paints, depending on the method of removal. Chipping causes scale to be dislodged, presenting possibility of eye or facial injury. It is therefore necessary that personnel take proper precautions in handling and using these products. Administrative and protective measures need to be followed to lessen the amount of dust from sanding, grinding, and chipping paints and from fumes generated during hot work on painted surfaces. D1202. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR PAINT REMOVAL a. Ship's force shall not perform routine submarine paint removal for cosmetic reasons or due to excessive thickness. Ship's force should only remove paint when required to accomplish preservation of corroded surfaces, incidental to hot work, welding, or when bare metal is necessary for an inspection. b. Wear eye protection and a long sleeve shirt or coveralls with sleeves rolled down. Consult the respiratory protection manager (RPM) about any respirator requirements for the operation.


D12-2

c. For paint removal, keep mechanical grinding and sanding to the absolute minimum with primary reliance on manual removal methods, impact tools and authorized chemical paint strippers. d. Assume all paint contains toxic substances, such as lead or chromate, which are hazardous to your health if ingested or inhaled in small amounts, unless proven otherwise by sample analysis. (See chapter B10 for sample analysis procedures.)

e. Avoid prolonged skin contact with paints and thinners and do not use paint thinners or mineral spirits to clean paint off skin. Use an approved industrial skin cleaner to remove paint from skin. Never use bare hands to mix paints. f. Ensure that all personnel involved in paint removal wear disposable coveralls, hand protection, and other personal protective equipment (PPE) as required. g. Provide ventilation during paint removal for personnel due to airborne particles and vapors. If industrial hygiene surveys identify that respirators are required to provide additional protection, follow the recommendations of the RPM and the requirements of chapter B6 regarding the use and care of respirators. h. Secure and cover all deck drains and installed ventilation systems and openings in the paint removal work area. Isolate the work area to the maximum extent possible with drop cloths and/or plastic. i. At the end of the work shift personnel shall vacuum debris and all surfaces in the area with high efficiency particulate air filter (HEPA) equipped vacuum cleaner. Vacuum coveralls and gloves prior to removal. j. Personnel shall minimize the use of water during paint removal to control dust, since any used in the operation must be treated as used hazardous material. k. Ensure that paint debris, HEPA filters, and wipe down rags are separated from coveralls, gloves, and other disposable materials. Place them in plastic bags and label both groups as hazardous materials. l. Wipe down tools and surfaces in the work area after completion of the task.


D12-3

D1203. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR SURFACE PREPARATION AND PAINTING OPERATIONS a. Wear eye and face protection and long sleeve shirts or coveralls with sleeves rolled down and all buttons buttoned at all times while chipping or operating power brushes, chipping, or scaling tools. Consult the RPM about any respirator requirements for the operation. If lead-containing paint is to be removed, an industrial hygienist should evaluate the operation and recommend proper respiratory protection and other personal protective clothing per chapter B10. b. Log all paint brought onboard ship in the atmosphere control log. Refer to paragraph D1502 for requirements associated with receipt of paint. c. Do not paint in any area where welding is being performed. d. Use pneumatic, not electric power, wire brushes and chipping tools when working over the side. e. Consult the RPM about any respirator requirements for spray painting operations internal to the ship or in confined external areas (free-flood areas). Supplied air respirator may be required for extensive external spray paint operations. For minor external spray painting and touchup of small areas, an organic vapor cartridge type with paint mist pre-filter may be indicated by the RPM.

NOTE:

Aerosol paint cans are not permitted within the submarine for use or storage.

f. When working over the side or aloft, see chapter D4 for additional precautions. g. Bring only one day's amount of paint below decks in the area being painted. Do not bring full-strength ketone solvents below decks. h. Do not store paints, brushes, and stirring sticks on the pier for extended periods of time.


D12-4

i. Do not smoke when painting. Post "NO SMOKING" signs in the area(s) being painted. If painting with vinyl, saran, or other explosive or toxic vapor paints, observe the following additional precautions: (1) Fly the BRAVO flag from the sail. (2) Do not permit smoking on board, topside, or below decks. (3) Do not permit smoking or hot work within 50 feet of the ship. Post signs on the pier "DANGER-SPRAYING WITH VINYL." (4) Notify adjacent ships. (5) Take precautions to prevent vapor pocketing in low points. Shut and dog hatches. Shut induction and exhaust valves. (6) A petty officer shall supervise painters. (7) All personnel within 15 feet of vinyl painting or mixing operations shall wear respiratory protection as directed by the RPM. (8) Painters shall have no spark-producing materials on their person. (9) Ground spray guns. j. Provide ventilation in closed areas when painting. k. Wear protective gloves when handling cleaning compounds, thinners, paints, removers, or other irritants. l. De-energize all equipment in areas being painted, as appropriate. m. Provide explosion proof lighting during spray-painting operations. n. Remove all paints and thinners from the ship when taking a lengthy break. Upon completion of painting, properly dispose of unused paint and waste.


D12-5

o. Wear electrical safety gloves when using portable, electric powered tools. See chapter D5 for additional precautions when using electrical power tools. p. All paints, paint cleaners, solvents and brush cleaners are hazardous materials. Refer to chapter D15 for hazardous material storage, use, and disposal procedures. q. Many paint removal tools are noise-hazardous equipment. If so labeled, ensure that proper hearing protective equipment is worn. See chapter B4 for additional information. r. Terminate all internal painting with oil-based paints five days prior to sealing the ship. Terminate painting with latex or water based paint three days prior to sealing the ship. s. Perform paint mixing on the pier adjacent to the ship. Post barricades to ensure there is no smoking, open flame, or hot work in the vicinity of the paint mixing area. t. Do not permit personnel with a history of chronic skin disease or allergies to work with paint compounds or thinners. Personnel who are sensitive to paint compounds and thinners shall report to the medical department for evaluation. u. Do not allow food or drink in the paint area. When handling painting materials, take care to wash hands prior to eating, drinking, smoking, or using the head. v. When painting engineering spaces, they should be in a cold-iron condition before and during paint application. Heat-producing work areas adjacent to where brush/roller application of paint is being performed may be considered, provided that: (1) The painting operation involves only minor (touch up) operations. (2) There is no hot work within 25 feet of painting operation while using surface ventilation lineup, unless separated by a watertight bulkhead. w. For paint removal from special hull treatment (SHT), refer to the SHT technical manual, reference D12-2 and D12-3, for specific guidance and safety requirements. x. Exercise caution when using two-part polyamide paints in the vicinity of electrical generation equipment. These two-part


D12-6

polymer paints can release vapors that contaminate commutator films. Use of positive pressure units for motor generators can mitigate polyamide painting effects.

NOTE:

Personnel should be aware of the work being performed around them during painting evolutions. Certain components, specifically those motors and motor generators that have carbon brushes, will be detrimentally affected by vapors generated by the painting evolution. Do not paint around motors and motor generators that have their access covers open to the atmosphere or that are having maintenance performed.

________________

CHAPTER D12

REFERENCES D12-1. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) 631, Painting and Preservation of Ships D12-2. NAVSEA S6360-AD-HBK-010, Technical Handbook for Special Hull Treatment Maintenance and Repair for Submarines D12-3. NAVSEA 6310-081-015, Submarine Maintenance Standard (Submarine Preservation)


CHAPTER D13

FOOD PREPARATION AND SERVING FACILITIES D1301. DISCUSSION A basic necessity for any ship is a galley. The crew must be fed and personnel must prepare food for consumption. The food preparation required to feed a large body of people means that machinery and equipment must be used. The use of this machinery introduces hazards unique to the galley and food- preparation areas. Additional precautions may be found in references D13-1 and D13-2. Personnel assigned to permanent and temporary work in food service areas shall be given a copy of these precautions prior to beginning their assignment. D1302. GENERAL PRECAUTIONS Before attempting to operate machinery, observe the following general precautions: a. Check for and determine the location of emergency equipment, such as fire extinguishers and first aid boxes, to ensure their availability should an accident occur. Ensure machinery, hand tools and electrical equipment are properly grounded prior to operation. Report any deficiencies or malfunctioning equipment to your supervisor. b. Ensure that the work area around the equipment is clear of obstructions and thoroughly dry. Clean up all spills immediately to ensure a clean, dry, non-slippery walking surface. c. Ensure the installed lighting in the work area is operating properly and provides sufficient light. d. Observe and follow posted operating instructions and safety precautions. e. If there is any doubt about operating procedures or safety precautions, ask your supervisor. f. Only authorized personnel shall attempt to operate equipment.


D13-2

g. Ensure no loose gear is in the vicinity of moving parts of machinery. Make sure all safety guards, screens, and devices are in place before turning on machinery. h. When operating a machine, maintain a safe distance from all moving parts. Never use your hands or body to stop moving blades and parts even if power has been turned off. i. Never lean against a machine while it is operating. j. If ship movement is severe, exercise caution in operating machines; if severe movement continues, turn off nonessential machines. k. Use safety equipment such as protective gloves, eye protection, and dip baskets while handling chemicals or hot water. Personnel at the deep sink shall wear rubber gloves with elbow-length sleeves to prevent hot water burns. l. Keep your hands, body, and clothing away from operating machinery parts. m. Never leave operating machinery unattended. n. Do not distract the attention of personnel who are operating machinery. o. Do not attempt to clean or service machinery while it is in operation. Before cleaning, adjusting, oiling or greasing equipment, turn off power and DANGER tag-out equipment or unplug, if not hardwired. If in doubt about the requirement to tag-out any equipment, consult your supervisor. p. Ensure only authorized personnel make all repairs and service machines. q. Ensure safety devices and interlocks on galley equip-ment, such as the covers of vegetable peelers and bread slicer, are maintained in proper working condition at all times. If removed for any reason, replace such devices before the machine is returned to operation. r. Remove rings and watches, pagers and cell phones, and eliminate any loose clothing such as rolled-up sleeve cuffs, oversized gloves, and ill-fitting coats and jackets.


D13-3

s. Ensure that permanently mounted equipment is hardwired (extension cords are not authorized for use). Know where to isolate power for hard-wired equipment. t. If the ship will be taking steep angles (a planned evolution), ensure that the level of liquid (grease or water) in pots and other containers is sufficiently low that it will not overflow its container during the maneuvers. During normal operations, maintain container liquid levels as low as possible, to avoid injury due to unexpected ship angles. u. When cleaning, look before reaching into enclosed spaces or under grills or griddles for loose wires or sharp obstructions. v. Use caution when applying conductive cleaning fluids or water in the vicinity of electrical devices to mitigate shock hazards and damage to electrical equipment. D1303. COOKING UTENSILS a. Ensure that all heavy items, knives, and other sharp tools are securely fastened and stowed in racks to prevent injury to personnel. b. Secure all coffee pots and urns to prevent dislodging and splashing. c. Exercise extreme caution and care when handling hot oils, water, and other liquids or when operating steam valves and equipment. Do not transfer hot liquids in heavy or moderate sea states or when planning to take steep angles. d. Never leave drawers, doors, or access panels open where they could become hazardous to personnel. e. Never leave operating hot plates, pots, griddles, steam kettles, or fryers unattended. f. Be careful not to place meat, vegetables, or other foods on a knife or other sharp instrument. The food may conceal the cutting edge. g. Do not place knives in the wash water until ready to wash them. Lay them in plain view beside the sink.


D13-4

h. Keep your free hand away from the sharp edge of the cleaver when chopping foods. i. Use a protective glove (e.g., metal fiber or Kevlar®) when boning meat. j. Use a scoop or perforated serving spoon to handle shrimp. k. Store utensils in their proper places. l. Do not allow pot/pan handles to extend beyond the edge of the range or counter. They can be bumped and cause serious burns to personnel resulting from spilled or splashed food or liquid. m. Before removing foods from hot ranges and ovens, be sure there is a clear place on which to set them and clear the path to that place. n. Use only the proper implements for opening cans and other containers. o. Hold knives firmly. Ensure knife handles are dry or free of grease before handling them. p. Only keep knives in a rack designated for this purpose. q. Magnetic knife racks are prohibited due to knife magnetism picking up foreign material. r. Keep knives sharp at all times. s. Never handle a knife while carrying another object. t. Ensure hot pads are clean and dry. u. Keep all tools clean and dry. D1304. FOOD PREPARATION a. Practice good personal hygiene at all times, and report all illnesses and injuries to your supervisor. b. Keep your hands clean and thoroughly wash hands with soap and water after using the head, touching your mouth or nose, or handling raw meat or fish.


D13-5

c. Keep fingernails short.

d. Wear appropriate hair covering at all times in food-handling areas. e. Do not touch food with your bare hands. Use appropriate implements for handling food or wear plastic food handling gloves. f. Never handle food when you have an infection of any kind on your hands or arms. If you develop a sore throat, cold, intestinal disturbance, or symptoms of other general disease, report to the corpsman at once. g. Clean up spilled food immediately. h. Do not use leftovers held over 36 hours. Ensure all leftovers are marked with the date and time they were placed in storage. i. Ensure that distant-reading dial thermometers and, when required, electronic temperature-monitoring units are installed and operating. Verify thermometer accuracy monthly. Ensure the emergency door-release mechanism required in "walk-in" refrigerators and freezers is installed and properly operating. j. Discard protein foods that have remained at temperatures between 40 and 140 degrees Fahrenheit for periods longer than three hours. k. Observe safety precautions around all electrical equipment to avoid injury from shock. Do not reach into areas for cleaning around griddles and ovens that have exposed wiring unless the equipment has been tagged out. l. Notify your supervisor immediately if the heat stress dry bulb thermometers read 100 degrees Fahrenheit or greater, or if you experience dizziness, nausea, or other heat related symptoms. m. Wear eye and hand protection when using oven cleaners or other strong cleaning materials. Do not dispense bulk cleaners into spray bottles without properly labeling the spray bottle with the new contents. See chapter D15 for details on handling of hazardous materials and atmosphere contaminants.


D13-6

D1305. SAFE OPERATION OF EQUIPMENT a. General precautions. Observe all posted operating procedures for each piece of food service equipment. Additionally, inspect all exposed electrical equipment (range, griddle hotplate, and disposals) for exposed wiring to ensure chafed or frayed wiring.

(1) Ensure all power switches are functional. (2) Ensure all required guards are in place. (3) Ensure rubber boots over switches in wet areas are

in good condition. (4) Ensure all personnel operating equipment or

performing food service functions are trained and properly supervised.

(5) Ensure meat slicers are de-energized at the power

source, not just turned off with a local switch, prior to dismantling/reassembling for cleaning. b. Deep Fat Fryer

(1) Beware, this is high voltage equipment. (2) Extinguish a fire in the deep fat fryer per

reference D13-3. (3) Never leave fryer unattended when in use. (4) If solid fat is used, do not allow large pieces to

drop on heating units or thermostat bulb. (5) Whenever possible, melt solid cooking oil or fat

prior to putting into deep fat fryer. (6) Ensure heating coils are completely covered with

fat before turning on the equipment. (7) Never exceed the maximum temperature noted by

manufacturer. (8) Monitor cooking oil temperature with a proper

thermometer whenever the deep fat fryer is in use. Ensure back up safety thermostat is installed and operational.


D13-7

(9) Install cover when fryer is not in use. (10) Secure deep fat fryer following posted

instructions when not in use. (11) Ensure that grease spills are cleaned up promptly. (12) Wash and change grease filters in range hoods as

often as necessary per preventive maintenance system (PMS) requirements, but not less than weekly, to avoid the danger of fire. c. Dough Mixing Machine (1) Never attempt to cut dough while the agitator is revolving. (2) Never attempt to knead or feel consistency of dough product while machine is in operation. (3) Never attempt to clean out a bowl in the tilt position by reaching in unit while the agitator is revolving. (4) Check safety switch to lid cover for proper functioning in accordance with PMS requirements. d. Food Mixing Machine (1) Use proper machine speed for the specific operation. (2) Never place hands into the bowl while machine is in operation. e. Vegetable Cutting and Slicing Machine (1) Always use plunger when applying pressure on vegetables being fed into the hopper. (2) Do not use loose-fitting gloves when operating the machine. f. Meat Slicing Machine (1) Never operate the machine unless the blade guard is secured in place.


D13-8

(2) Do not use hands to press down food. (3) Never touch the blade when it is running or exposed for slicing. (4) Set index at zero and secure power at the distribution box or by disconnecting the power cord when cleaning blade. (5) Ensure slicing machines are provided with a toggle switch finger guard that is oriented in the proper direction for protection. (6) Always disconnect power cord prior to cleaning and reconnect only when ready to use. (7) Once de-energized, clean the blade with a clean, detergent-soaked cloth wrapped around a cook's fork or other extension utensil. Rinse the blades following a similar procedure and sanitize them with a disinfectant approved for use aboard submarines (e.g., Wescodyne disinfectant/detergent, NSN: (6840-00-526-1129). (8) Reassemble machine after cleaning. g. Steam Kettle (1) Each day this equipment is used, test the safety relief-valve while under operating pressure by pulling the chain attached to the safety relief valve arm. (2) Do not tamper with the safety-valve or tie it closed. It is there to prevent the kettle from exploding. (3) Do not apply steam to an empty kettle; never put water into a hot, dry kettle. (4) Ensure safety relief-valve levers are equipped with an 18-inch chain to allow activation from a safe distance. Chains must be mounted in such a way that the need to reach over or between/behind hot kettles is eliminated. (5) Ensure steam-jacketed kettles are hydrostatically tested as required by the equipment maintenance requirement card (MRC).


D13-9

(6) Piping from relief valves shall extend to just inside the deck coaming. (7) Lagging under steam kettle shall be removed and replaced with perforated steel or aluminum with approximately 1/2-inch stand off. h. Electric Griddle (1) Keep griddle turned off when not in use. (2) Keep cooking surface and grease gutter scraped and wiped clean at all times. (3) Remove, empty, and clean grease drawer after each use. Do not reach into the drawer area for cleaning unless the griddle is tagged out. (4) Use griddle guards to keep food from sliding off the cooking surface. (5) Never use water to clean a griddle surface. Wipe the surface with clean, dry paper towels when the griddle is cold. Use pumice stone block to clean hard-to-remove burn spots. i. Coffee Urn (1) Do not introduce water too quickly into the boiler. (2) Do not overfill boiler. Be sure water has stopped rising in the gauge glass after the water-inlet valve is closed. Do not turn on activating switch until water-level gage reads full or the pressure control dial reads 36 ounces. (3) Do not open urn cover while siphon valve is open. Do not agitate coffee while cover is open. Do not remove leacher from the urn body until it is completely drained. (4) Do not obstruct safety-valve outlet. Keep equipment clean. Clean the urn immediately after use to prevent development of rancid taste. j. Ranges and Ovens (1) Do not allow grease to collect in oven. (2) Do not clean oven while it is hot.


D13-10

(3) Clean oven thoroughly once a week in addition to normal daily cleaning. (4) Turn off surface units when not in use. (5) Keep range drip-pan and grease trough clean. Never allow grease to accumulate since it is a serious fire hazard. (6) Observe the electrical wiring under the range griddle/hot plate to see if wiring is secured in place and not chafed or in contact with the grease drip-pan. Tag-out the power source prior to cleaning under the range, griddle, or hot plate. DO NOT attempt to correct faulty wiring yourself. Call the ship’s force electrician to correct the wiring. k. Proofer (1) Only authorized personnel are permitted to operate this equipment. (2) Clean the proofer after each use. l. Dishwashing Machine. Observe operating instructions and safety precautions. m. Steam Table (1) Use the proper implements, such as pot holders and tongs, for handling containers. (2) Tilt containers away from you when inserting them into the wells. (3) Carry hot liquids in covered containers with the covers securely in place. (4) Promptly mop up grease which is spilled on the deck. Greasy decks are doubly hazardous. They can cause fires as well as falls. n. Garbage Grinder (1) Do not put hands into grinder when in operation. (2) Start grinder and turn on water before feeding waste.


D13-11

(3) Feed food waste gradually. (4) Do not feed metal, wood, cloth, rubber, plastics, or corn husks into the garbage grinder. If such material is fed accidentally, stop grinder immediately and remove object after disconnecting power. o. Gaylord Exhaust Hoods (1) The fire extinguisher control box contains a live electrical circuit. Prevent water or other cleaning fluids from entering this box. (2) The baffle blades and interior of hood should be cleaned at least once a day to prevent fires from accumulation of grease. (3) Keep the access doors closed during the wash and rinse cycles to prevent hot water from splashing personnel. (4) Keep hood drains clear at all times. p. Trash Compactor. Refer to chapter D8 for precautions on the operation of the trash compactor. q. Meat Chopping Machine (1) Never feed this equipment by hand. Use a pestle (stomper). (2) Never attempt to remove anything from these machines while they are operating. (3) Always disconnect the machines before cleaning them. r. Meat Tenderizing Machine (1) Never place your hands near the feed slot when feeding material into this machine. (2) Avoid wearing loose fitting gloves.


D13-12

s. Potato Peeler (1) Make sure water is running before operating this equipment. (2) Never put your hand in this machine while it is operating.

CHAPTER D13

REFERENCES D13-1. NAVMED P-5010, "Manual of Preventive Medicine", chapter 1. D13-2. COMNAVSUBFORINST 6000.2, "Standard Submarine Medical Procedures Manual", chapter 6. D13-3. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) 555, Submarine Firefighting


CHAPTER D14

LAUNDRY MACHINES D1401. DISCUSSION Hazards in laundry equipment include mechanical equipment, toxic chemicals, electric power, and heat stress. Safety precautions contained in this chapter are basic and general. Ships shall provide personnel assigned to work with laundry equipment with a copy of these precautions prior to beginning their assignment. D1402. PRECAUTIONS RELATING TO LAUNDRY EQUIPMENT

a. See chapters B3 and D15 for handling and stowage requirements for hazardous materials used in laundries .

b. Personnel shall use protective equipment listed in the material safety data sheet (MSDS) or current industrial hygiene survey when required.

c. Ensure a readily accessible emergency eye wash station is

installed in the laundry area. d. Ensure ventilation systems and spot coolers are

functioning in laundry area e. Ensure all machinery, hand tools and electrical equipment

are properly grounded and bonded prior to operation.

f. Washer Extractor (1) Thoroughly examine all clothing before cleaning; remove all foreign materials such as matches, ink pens, and metallic objects. (2) Ensure that the cylinder door is firmly latched before operating the machine. (3) Do not exceed the prescribed loading capacity of the cylinder; doing so may damage the machine or prove hazardous to personnel. (4) Be sure the machine is deenergized before cleaning or servicing. Use safety tag-out procedures as required by


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reference D14-1 and the applicable equipment maintenance requirement card (MRC). (5) Ensure safety devices, such as the safety interlock on cover, are maintained in proper working condition at all times. If removed or out of order for any reason, replace safety devices before the machine is put into operation. (6) Do not exceed the recommended detergent amount for load size being washed. Excessive soap may cause skin irritation. (7) Ensure safety precautions and operating procedures are posted. g. Tumbler Dryer (1) Turn off power prior to loading and unloading machine. (2) Never overload the machine. (3) Only open the door while the tumbler is in motion to complete authorized preventive maintenance system (PMS) requirements. (4) Before servicing or cleaning, be sure the power to the tumbler dryer is entirely disconnected. Use safety tag-out procedures as required by reference D14-1 and the applicable MRC. (5) Maintain safety devices in proper working order at all times. If removed for any reason, replace safety devices before machine is put into motion. (6) Ensure that the primary lint screen is checked and cleaned as required prior to use and after every drying cycle. Ensure the secondary lint filter is cleaned after every four hours of operation. (7) Ensure someone is watching the machine while it is running. It is a fire hazard. (8) Ensure safety and fire prevention precautions and operating procedures are posted. (9) Never allow the dryer temperature to exceed 160oF (71oC).


D14-3

________________________

CHAPTER D14

REFERENCES D14-1. NAVSEA S0400-AD-URM-010/TUM, “Tag-Out User’s Manual”


CHAPTER D15

SUBMARINE HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT STANDARDS D1501. DISCUSSION a. Submarine hazardous material control and management (HMC&M) standards address the storage, use, and disposal of all hazardous material (HM). In addition, these standards also provide more stringent control and management guidance for HM since they may be atmosphere contaminants, in accordance with reference D15-1. The inhalation of particulates, vapors, or gases from these materials may severely impact the health and safety of submariners and submarine equipment.

NOTE:

For purposes of this instruction, submarine material (SM) assigned usage categories prohibited (X), restricted (R), or limited (L) have potential of contaminating the submarine atmosphere and as such are considered atmosphere contaminants. SM classified as P shall meet three basic conditions:

(1) Shall be listed in the submarine material control list (SMCL).

(2) Shall not pose a threat to the submarine atmosphere and therefore to the crew.

(3) Shall be evaluated by the Submarine Material Review Board (SMRB).

HM not listed in the SMCL is considered prohibited until properly evaluated by the SMRB.

b. This chapter provides the detailed guidance that submariners need to properly manage and control HM. This chapter supplements the information contained in chapter B3 of this manual, and the other references in this chapter specifically addressing submarine HMC&M processes. c. Special precautions are required for the stowage, handling, and use of HM aboard submarines. Significant hazards include fire, poisoning by inhalation of toxic substances in


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unventilated spaces, dermatitis, asphyxiation, and burns of the skin and eyes. Some materials normally thought to be safe may become hazardous under certain use or storage conditions. This chapter contains general stowage and use standards for all HM, precautions for subcategories of HM (flammable materials, toxic materials, corrosive materials, oxidizers, aerosol containers, and compressed gases) and specific precautions for certain selected materials. Paragraph B0303 of this manual provides information on HM spill response and training.

d. The Submarine hazardous material inventory and management system (SHIMS) is a menu driven HM inventory and management tool for use aboard submarines. SHIMS provides a standardized tool to assist in submarine HM inventory management, shelf-life management, and implementation of submarine atmospheric control requirements including maintaining a submarine material control log and generating atmosphere contaminant tags. SHIMS include the submarine material control list (SMCL) allowing the Sailor to determine the usage category of HM items prior to procurement. SHIMS also provides a single source for submarine MSDS information and policy/guidance references. D1502. GENERAL HMC&M STANDARDS

a. HM and Submarine Materials Classification and Review Process. Submarine materials (SM) are either non-metallic or toxicologically significant metals (beryllium, cadmium, lead, and mercury) and include HM used in submarine operations, maintenance, and processes. Only SM listed in the SMCL are allowed to be used aboard submarines. The SMCL is the authorized use list (AUL) for submarines. Personnel shall consult the SMCL to verify that all HM brought aboard is allowed or to identify any limitations or restrictions associated with its use. Non-COSAL HM items not listed in the SMCL will be considered “prohibited” and shall not be brought aboard the submarine at any time. COSAL HM items not listed in the SMCL may be brought on-board, however, they shall not be issued to the divisions until Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) assigns a usage category and includes them in the SMCL. If a requirement exists for a HM item and the material is not listed in the SMCL, the submarine shall complete a SMCL feedback report (SFR) and submit it to Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock (NSWCCD) code 634 with a copy to NAVSEA 05Z9, and the type commander. NSWCCD shall coordinate with NAVSEA and the Submarine Material Review Board (SMRB) to respond to the SFR. The SFR (NAVSUP 1400/SUB) is found in SHIMS or on the SMCL website at https://smcl.dt.navy.mil. Each SMCL


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item is marked with a SM usage category. NAVSEA assigns a usage category to SM based on the SMRB's safety and health assessment of the product. The usage categories are:

(1) Permitted (N). SM usage is not restricted on-board submarines at any time. (2) Prohibited (X). SM usage is not allowed on-board submarines at any time. (3) Restricted (R). HM not allowed aboard submarines while underway, except under specific exemptions authorized by the submarine’s executive officer. SM usage is allowed in port while ventilating outboard but not underway at any time. (4) Limited (L). SM may be used underway for a specific purpose and for which no non-toxic substitute exists. It shall not be carried on-board submarines in excess of required quantities. b. HM Requisition. Personnel requiring HM shall obtain this material only through the submarine’s supply department. Supply department personnel shall ensure that requisitioned material is authorized onboard in accordance with the SMCL prior to submitting requisition forms. If the requisitioned HM is assigned a restricted usage category, written permission from the executive officer will be required to carry the material onboard during an underway period.

NOTE:

SERVMART purchases of HM shall be reviewed against the SMCL to ensure that the material is authorized onboard. All HM purchased through a SERVMART shall be provided to the supply department for recording in SHIMS.

c. HM Open Purchase. To the maximum extent feasible, submarines shall procure and use standard stock HM. (1) In the exceptional case for which the stock-numbered product can be clearly demonstrated to be inferior, or due to the urgency of need cannot be satisfied from supply system stock, commanding officers may justify and authorize open market purchases of HM for those items. The submarine shall obtain an MSDS from the manufacturer or supplier and submit with a SFR as indicated in paragraph D1502a.


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(2) If a commercial vendor approaches submarines or support commands offering HM not listed in the SMCL for submarine use or for substitution for stock-numbered HM, the vendors shall be referred to NAVSEA 05Z9. d. HM Receipt. The supply department will receive all HM brought aboard the submarine. The supply department shall check all containers of HM obtained through open purchase upon receipt to ensure that they contain a manufacturer's label as described in paragraph D1502e. They shall refuse a container if not so marked. Upon receipt, the supply department shall re-verify the received material against the SMCL by stock number, manufacturer, and nomenclature to ensure that the material is allowed onboard and determine if any HM use category other than allowed is assigned. (1) Regardless of the usage category, all HM issued to divisions must be logged into SHIMS. Stock HM in custody of the Supply Department and "Q-in-Use" HM items in sub-custody of the Engineering Department need not be logged into SHIMS as long as these items are in close supervisory control by the Supply Department and tracked in the supply system database. (2) If the material is assigned a (L) usage category, the receiving person shall prepare an atmosphere contaminant tag (available at SHIMS or the SMCL website at https://smcl.dt.navy.mil) and affix it to the container. The supply officer/HM coordinator shall sign the atmosphere contaminant tag. (3) If the material is assigned a (R) usage category, the supply officer shall prepare an atmosphere contaminant tag (available at SHIMS or the SMCL website at https://smcl.dt.navy.mil) and affix it to the container. (4) If the material is assigned a prohibited (X) use category, do not bring the item aboard. e. Container Labeling (1) Manufacturer's labels for shipboard identification of HM containers must clearly identify the material name, the manufacturer's name and address, and the nature of the hazard presented by the HM including the target organ potentially affected by the material. A manufacturer's label may be a tag, sign, placard, or gummed sticker. When HM is dispensed from the shipping container to another unlabeled container, the person


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dispensing the HM shall annotate the receiving container to indicate the material name, manufacturer name and address, and the nature of the hazard (including target organ) as specified by the manufacturer to preserve the continuity of information. To mark unlabeled containers or containers where the label has been destroyed or damaged, ships may use the Department of Defense (DoD) hazardous chemical warning label. The hazardous material information resource system (HMIRS) (reference D15-2) provides this label and label information at the end of each MSDS. Personnel can print the label on plain paper or the pre-printed color forms: DD 2521 (12/88) (8.5"x11") (S/N 0102-LF-012-0800) or DD 2522 (12/88) (4"x7") (S/N 0102-LF-012-1100).

NOTE:

If the material is transferred into a small container, such as a dropper bottle for boiler water chemistry, and there is insufficient room on the container to affix the label, an abbreviated label shall be affixed containing the material name, manufacturer's name, and stock number at a minimum. The remaining information shall be provided on a card in a location known to the users, which is in close proximity to the container, so that it can be readily referred to. In addition, supplemental label information may be coded, using numbers or letters, to the smaller containers.

(2) Submarine supply departments shall label HM items that are restricted or limited with an atmosphere contaminant tag (available at SHIMS or the SMCL website at https://smcl.dt.navy.mil) per paragraph D1502(d) prior to issue. If a restricted or limited HM is transferred to another container for use, the new container shall also be labeled with the atmosphere contaminant tag. The department transferring the material to the new container shall obtain the tag from the supply department. f. HM Issue. The supply department retains only limited quantities of HM as storeroom items. The remainder is distributed to responsible work-centers as operating space items. The receiving work-center is responsible for proper stowage of HM in assigned lockers. g. HM Reutilization. Submarines shall practice HM reutilization. This means that submarines will implement efforts to ensure that personnel make all beneficial uses of HM prior to offload as used/excess HM. This requires that material with the


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earliest expiring shelf-life limitations is used first. In instances in which a HM is used by more than one work-center, submarines may choose to institute procedures whereby one work-center is responsible for ordering and storing the HM. This action also includes increasing the useful life of the material by extending the shelf life per approved procedures outlined in references D15-3 and D15-4. h. Used/Excess HM Disposal. When work-centers have completely used a HM or have excess HM, they shall return the container plus any residue to the supply department for disposal. Appendix L of reference D15-5 and maintenance requirement cards (MRCs), as applicable, provide guidance for determining which types of used HM must be collected and held for treatment by shore disposal facilities. The receiving person shall annotate in the submarine material control log and process the used HM for offload per the procedures of section D1502h(4). (1) Submarines shall segregate collected used HM. A container shall normally be filled with one type of HM (e.g., all the used HM in a container shall normally be of only one stock number). Used HM shall either be placed in the container for the original material or in an impervious container specified in appendix C23-A. The container shall be securely sealed using the installed or provided closure devices to ensure the container does not leak during transportation. The container shall be properly labeled (refer to paragraph D1502h(4)(a) for labeling requirements) to indicate content, and stowed in appropriate locations following the stowage precautions in this chapter for comparable HM. (2) If the contents of an HM container are unknown, the label must state so, and the fleet must pay, from its own account, the costs of chemical analysis to determine specific content. (3) Used lube oils shall be collected, stored, and labeled for eventual shore recycling. Synthetic lube oils and hydraulic oils shall be collected separately from other oils. (4) Procedures for Off-Loading Used or Excess HM to a Naval Shore Activity. The supply officer shall be responsible for the receipt and consolidation (as appropriate) of all used/excess HM for offload. Used or excess HM shall be turned over to the shore facility HM offload activity per the requirements of reference D15-5.


D15-7

(a) Processing Used HM 1. The work-center generating used HM shall ensure that it is properly packaged in the original container or in a container specified for the material in appendix C23-A. If there is any question regarding the integrity of the original container (e.g., badly rusted, badly dented, or poorly sealed), the contents shall be transferred to a new container. If the material is not in its original container, the work-center shall ensure that the material is labeled per paragraph D1502e. In addition, a label identifying the material as used HM (see appendix D15-C) shall be completed and attached to the container. This label shall contain information on the process in which the material was used (e.g., used air compressor lube oil, circuit board cleaning solvent, spent OBA canisters, etc.). It should also identify any known impurities that the material might contain based on routine analysis that may be conducted for PMS (e.g., naval oil analysis program (NOAP) test results) and any special storage requirements. This information is necessary to assist the shore activity in properly storing the used HM as well as in filling out disposal documentation if the material is processed as waste. 2. The supply department shall ensure that a DD form 1348-1 (provided in SHIMS) is prepared for each container of used HM. The following information shall be clearly identified (where known) on the DD 1348-1: the NSN, the material name, and the manufacturer's name and address. The individual filling out the DD form 1348-1 shall ensure that the container is properly labeled with information required by paragraph D1502e and with the used hazardous material label specified above.

(b) Transferring Used HM Ashore 1. The submarine’s supply officer/HM coordinator shall contact the shore activity point of contact to request a pick-up and ascertain local requirements. These requirements may be obtained from shore activity instructions, senior officer present afloat or ashore (SOPA) regulations or the response to the logistics requirements (LOGREQ) message. For used HM which can be identified by a stock number and manufacturer, and for which a MSDS is available in SHIMS, the submarine need not provide an MSDS to the receiving activity (one will probably be required if transferring to a non-Navy activity or overseas). Used HM for which a MSDS does not exist in SHIMS or which has been open-purchased shall be accompanied by a hard copy of the MSDS. In situations where compatible materials are inadvertently


D15-8

mixed, the used HM shall be accompanied by the MSDSs of each material in the mixture. If the contents are unknown, the submarine need not include a MSDS, but shall supply information, such as whether the material is flammable, reactive, toxic, or corrosive, in the "Special Stowage Requirements" item of the used HM label to allow proper stowage at the receiving shore activity.

2. Shore activities shall only require that ships provide used HM that is properly packaged in the original container or in a container specified for the material in appendix C23-A, properly secured, properly labeled, with a properly filled out DD Form 1348-1, and with a MSDS, if the material originated outside the supply system or a MSDS is unavailable in SHIMS. Material that is non-compliant shall be returned to the originating submarine. Problems experienced with material received from a submarine shall be reported to the command and, if flagrant or repeated, to the submarine‘s immediate superior in command (ISIC). If any additional requirements (e.g., waste profile sheets) are placed on the shore activity by federal or state laws and regulations or by the supporting defense reutilization and marketing office (DRMO), the receiving shore activity shall ensure that these requirements are met using information supplied by the submarine on the DD 1348-1 and container label. When required, analysis of unknown material shall be charged to fleet accounts.

(c) Excess HM. A work-center shall turn in full, properly sealed containers of usable HM in excess of its needs to the supply department. Supply department personnel shall determine if this material may be used elsewhere in the submarine or if it exceeds the submarine’s needs. If the material exceeds the submarine’s needs, supply department personnel shall transfer it to the supporting fleet industrial supply center (FISC) with a properly completed DD form 1348-1 for each S/N of material being transferred. D1503. GENERAL STORAGE STANDARDS Submarines shall observe the following general standards to minimize hazards inherent in the handling and storage of HM: a. Mark stowage locations (including lockers) to identify type of HM stored and keep the location/materials clean and dry at all times. Submarines shall post HM stowage locations with a CAUTION sign that states:


D15-9

HAZARDOUS MATERIAL STORAGE AREA Submarines should obtain these signs through the supply system using National Stock Number (NSN) 9905-01-342-4851 (10" X 7") or 9905-01-342-4859 (3" X 5").

b. Provide ventilation in HM stowage areas, where appropriate.

c. Entry of tanks where HM is stowed shall be certified as

safe to enter by the gas free engineer. d. Allow only authorized personnel access to stowage

locations, where appropriate. e. When transferring material from one container to

another, ensure that existing precautionary labeling is retained and that subsequent containers are marked with appropriate precautionary labeling. DD Form 2521 or DD Form 2522 may be used for labeling of containers into which HM is transferred. Atmosphere contaminant tags should also be affix to new containers of (R) or (L) HM.

f. Do not transfer material to a container that has previously stored a different material without first checking the materials' compatibility.

g. Stow HM only in a container which is compatible to the material (e.g., do not place corrosive materials in metal drums).

h. Stack containers in such a way that they will not crush lower containers, become imbalanced, or be difficult to access.

i. Use material on a first-in, first-out basis, considering

shelf life. j. Prohibit smoking, eating, or drinking in stowage areas. Signs shall be posted indicating these requirements.

k. Ensure that open flames or spark producing items are not

permitted in stowage areas.

l. When not in use, seal and protect all containers against physical damage and secure for heavy seas.


D15-10

D1504. GENERAL HANDLING AND USE STANDARDS For specific handling and use standards, refer to the material/item MSDS. Observe the following general standards when handling HM:

a. Work-center supervisors shall ensure that, prior to using any HM, machining or abrasive cleaning of components containing HM (e.g., beryllium and other heavy metals), personnel under their supervision are trained on the hazards associated with that material and that they have been provided with necessary protective clothing and equipment (e.g., eye protection, respiratory devices, and gloves impermeable to the HM in use).

b. Work-center supervisors shall ensure that spaces are well-ventilated in areas where HM is used or machined.

c. Upon completion of HM use, return surplus material to its appropriate storage location.

d. Avoid breathing vapors or dust when using or machining HM.

e. Avoid contact with the eyes or prolonged contact with skin when using or machining HM.

f. Prohibit smoking, drinking, or eating in areas where open containers

of HM is being used.

g. Ensure personal protective equipment (eye protection, respiratory devices, gloves impermeable to the HM in use, etc.) is in good operating condition and is readily available to all personnel working with HM.

h. Use a respirator with appropriate filter when potentially exposed to particulate matter, hazardous gases, or vapors. Consult the respiratory protection manager/respiratory protection assistant (RPM/RPA) for specific guidance in this regard, and for a determination of the need for more stringent respiratory protection requirements.

i. Do not add incompatible materials to the same collection container. Review guidance provided in appendix D15-A.

j. Conduct an operational risk management (ORM) analysis.


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k. Read the MSDS and follow the applicable precautions.

l. Never use flammable or combustible materials near a heat source or spark-producing device.

D1505. FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL A flammable material is any solid, liquid, vapor, or gas that will ignite easily and burn rapidly with a flash point less than 1500 degrees Fahrenheit. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) defines a flammable liquid as a liquid with a flash point below 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Liquids having a flash point at or above 100 degrees Fahrenheit are combustible liquids. All flammable and combustible liquids present some danger to personnel and the ship, of prime concern are those liquids having flash points below 200 degrees Fahrenheit. Never carry flammable or combustible liquids aboard the submarine in quantities in excess of that required. Stow flammable and combustible liquids in approved locations. Dispense flammable and combustible liquids from shipping containers only into safety cans or other approved portable containers. Never use flammable or combustible liquids near a heat source or spark-producing device.

a. Storage Standards

(1) Store flammable and combustible materials following precautions listed in paragraph D1503.

(2) Store flammable and combustible materials separately

from oxidizing materials (e.g., sodium nitrate, calcium hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, peroxides, and strong inorganic acids (nitric, hydrochloric, and sulfuric acids)), (see appendix D15-A: Hazardous Material Compatibility Storage Diagram).

(3) Store a maximum quantity of 12 gallons of any one type of material with a flash point greater than 200 degrees Fahrenheit , but less than 1500 degrees Fahrenheit (excluding grease), in an area designated by the engineering officer. The containers shall not be stowed within three feet of any surface where the temperature may exceed 140 degrees (o) Fahrenheit (F). More than 12 gallons of grease may be stowed in one location (in original containers and greater than three feet from 140oF surfaces).


D15-12

(4) Submarines not having flammable/combustible liquid lockers shall store all items with a flashpoint less than 200 degrees Fahrenheit, solids and semi-solids which give off flammable vapors, solids which burn with extreme rapidity because of self contained oxygen, and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air in a manner that minimizes fire hazards until such time as flammable/combustible liquid lockers available.

(5) Do not stow combustible materials such as rags, paper and wood in the same area as flammable materials; however, submarines may stow oily rags in these areas after placing in suitable containers.

(6) Prohibit open flames or spark-producing items in the vicinity of flammable stowage locations.

(7) Ensure containers are secured with metal banding or other approved tie-downs vice manila line.

(8) Never carry flammable or combustible material on-board

the submarine in excess of required quantities. (9) Only stow flammable and combustible materials in

approved locations. (10) Dispense flammable and combustible material from

shipping containers only into safety containers or other approved portable containers. b. Handling and Usage Standards. (1) Handle and use flammable materials per the precautions of paragraph D1504. Many flammable and combustible materials have additional hazardous properties, such as toxicity. See also section D1506.

(2) Never use flammable material near a heat source or a spark-producing device. Do not smoke in an area in which flammable material is being used. Designate spaces in which flammable materials are being used as NO SMOKING areas.

(3) Keep scrapings and cleaning rags soaked with flammable or combustible liquids in a designated covered metal container until the HM is disposed of properly. Do not leave scrapings and cleaning rags in a soaked state even in a covered metal container for longer than one work shift. Treat such


D15-13

materials as used/excess HM, containerize to prevent leakage, and properly label and store.

(4) Keep suitable fire extinguishing equipment and materials ready at all times for instant use. (5) Ensure that containers of partially used flammable materials are returned to proper stowage facilities, are tightly closed, and are properly labeled. D1506. TOXIC MATERIAL A toxic substance has the inherent capacity to produce personal injury or death through ingestion, inhalation, or absorption through any body surface. Toxic materials are considered, and often marked by the manufacturer as being, poisonous. Solvents, degreasers, refrigerants, and hydraulic fluids are but a few of the toxic materials that may be found aboard submarines. Avoid contact with toxic materials by using suitable protective clothing and following safe handling procedures. Submarines must, to achieve their missions, carry some toxic material, and personnel will be called upon at times to use them.

a. Storage Standards

(1) Store all toxic material per the standards of paragraph D1503. Many toxic materials have additional hazardous properties, such as flammability or combustibility. See also section D1505.

(2) Store all toxic material in cool, dry, well ventilated locations separated from all sources of ignition, acids and acid mists/vapors, caustics, and oxidizers, (see appendix D15-A: Hazardous Material Compatibility Storage Diagram).

(3) Seal all containers and protect them against physical damage.

b. Handling and Usage Standards

(1) Handle and use toxic materials per the precautions listed in paragraph D1504.

(2) Use appropriate gloves and protective clothing when handling sensitizers or potential skin irritants such as epoxy and polyester resins and hardeners where skin contact is


D15-14

likely. Protective skin cream shall only be used to supplement, but not replace impermeable gloves for any operation where significant contact work with potentially toxic/irritant/sensitizing materials is likely.

c. Halocarbons (Refrigerants). Liquid or gaseous halocarbons have multiple applications in the Navy. They are used as refrigerants, solvents, and dielectric fluids and as line flushing, and degreasing agents. With common names of refrigerant R-11, R-12, R-22, R-113, R-114, and R-116, these products may be better known by names such as FREON, ISOTRON, FRIGEN, FLUORANE, FREON MF, FREON TF, GENSOLV D, BLACO-TRON TF, and ARKLONE P-113.

NOTE:

Due to changes in the Clean Air Act, the manufacture of halocarbons is being phased out; however, they may still be used in the Navy.

(1) To minimize the size of spills, procure, store, and

use halocarbons in the smallest amount and container possible for an operation.

(2) The supply system stocks all normally used

halocarbons, and submarines should procure them only through that system.

(3) Prohibit smoking and hot work in areas or vicinity

where halocarbons are being used.

(4) Prohibit storage and consumption of food and tobacco in

areas where halocarbons are being used.

(5) Some types of FREON are nearly odorless and can numb the sense of smell. They may accumulate in low places and displace oxygen unless ventilation is provided. In high concentrations they can cause death by suffocation.

(6) Only use FREON-113 as a solvent when specified and when

such use is essential. It may not be stored or carried aboard (see 1,1,1-trichloroethane below).

d. Toxic Cleaning Solvents. Toxic cleaning solvents such as 1,1,1-Tri-chloroethane shall not be carried aboard. Submarines shall not attempt solvent cleaning except alongside a pier or


D15-15

tender. Submarines shall not use solvent cleaning until mechanical cleaning has failed or is technically impossible per military specification (MIL-STD-1330) requirements. Use only prescribed cleaning solvents with a flashpoint greater than 140 degrees Fahrenheit. Do not spray diesel fuel or other solvents as a cleaning agent. When cleaning solvents are used, use explosion-proof mechanical exhaust ventilation to exhaust vapors overboard to prevent reentry and recirculation of toxic gases. The ventilation rate (cubic feet per minute) and any other control measures will be determined by the cognizant tender industrial hygienist (safety officer) or the supporting shore activity's shore maritime gas free engineer.

(1) Whenever practicable, completely enclose the cleaning operation to prevent escape of vapors into working spaces.

(2) Ensure exhaust ventilation is available to remove or dilute the concentration of the vapors for the entire work period. If exhaust ventilation is not present to lower vapor concentration, use respiratory protection equipment.

(3) Wear gloves appropriate to the HM in use and chemical goggles, at a minimum, to protect the skin and eyes from exposure.

(4) Use chemical goggles and other protective clothing appropriate to the HM in use to protect the face, neck, arms, hands, and body when using acid or alkali cleaners.

e. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (1) In general, PCBs, if properly managed, do not present a major health hazard. The Environmental Protection Agency banned PCBs in most manufacturing processes in 1979. However, PCBs may be found as a fire retardant in many materials used in ship construction where stocks of PCB material purchased prior to the ban were installed. Some examples of materials used in submarine construction that may contain PCBs include: sound dampening on reduction gears; electrical cable insulation; foam hull insulation; rubber (used as banding and sheet rubber for cableways, pipe hanger liners, isolation mount, and vent gaskets); packing and grommets for electrical cable stuffing boxes; and pipe insulation and lagging.


D15-16

NOTE:

PCB-containing construction materials installed in Navy submarines need not be removed just because they contain PCBs. Installed PCB-containing construction materials normally need not be labeled.

(2) Label PCB-containing electrical/electronic components (primarily capacitors) per the guidance provided in reference D15-6. Label PCB-contaminated tools and waste materials (such as dust from ventilation ducting which are known to contain PCB-impregnated felt gaskets) per appendix D15-E. (3) With the exception of ventilation duct cleaning, work involving known or potential PCB-containing materials shall normally be accomplished in port. Obtain assistance through the nearest naval shipyard environmental program office, Navy medical treatment facility, or Navy Environmental Preventive Medicine Unit (NAVENPVNTMEDU) prior to such action. (4) For situations not involving unprotected PCB skin contact, employ routine work and personal hygiene measures (such as washing hands and other exposed skin surfaces with soap and water when work is completed) appropriate for any occupational setting.

(a) When working with PCB-impregnated materials such as insulating felts or with articles that contain liquid PCB solutions, strictly observe good housekeeping procedures to avoid the possibility of secondary surface contamination.

(b) Personnel involved in PCB-related work activities shall not eat, drink, smoke, chew tobacco or gum, or apply cosmetics in the space in which work is being performed.

(c) Collect and dispose of PCB-containing waste, scrap, and debris; dust collected from ventilation systems known or suspected of containing PCB-impregnated felt gaskets; and PCB-contaminated clothing (consigned for disposal) in sealed impermeable containers specified in appendix C23-A and labeled with the large label described in appendix D15-E. Disposal should be per the procedures of section D1502e. Specifically notify the receiving activity that PCBs or material containing PCBs is being transferred.

(d) Do not perform hot work in the immediate area when work is performed with PCBs or PCB-containing material. Do


D15-17

not perform hot work, including welding, torch cutting, brazing, grinding, and sawing on ventilation systems components within 12 inches of either side of a flange containing felt gaskets.

(e) Specific work practices for the removal and handling of PCB felt, maintenance and cleaning of ventilation ducting containing PCB felt, and maintenance and handling of other shipboard PCB materials are provided in reference D15-6.

(f) Label all reusable cleaning equipment employed in cleaning systems potentially contaminated with PCBs with PCB labels described in appendix D15-E. Use the large label whenever practicable. If the large label does not fit, use the small label. Equipment to be labeled includes vacuum cleaner, vacuum hoses and working end tools, brushes, vent duct cleaning system components, dust pans, scrapers, and putty knives. Label, bag, where possible; and stow this equipment in a location where it will not be accidentally used for other purposes. (5) The baseline industrial hygiene survey shall specify personal protective equipment and medical surveillance for any potential PCB-related work. D1507. CORROSIVE MATERIALS Corrosive materials are chemicals, such as acids, alkalis, or other liquids or solids which, when in contact with living tissue, will cause severe damage to such tissue by chemical action. In case of leakage, corrosive material will materially damage surfaces or cause fire when in contact with organic matter or with certain chemicals. a. Storage Standards

(1) Store all corrosive materials per the precautions listed in paragraph D1503.

(2) Store corrosive materials in their original containers.

(3) Ensure that corrosive materials are not stored in the vicinity of oxidizers or other incompatible materials, (see appendix D15-A: Hazardous Material Compatibility Storage Diagram).

(4) Ensure that acids and alkalis are stowed separate from each other.


D15-18


(1) Handle and use corrosive materials per the precautions

listed in paragraph D1504 or as directed by maintenance requirement card, NSTM, industrial hygiene survey, or manufacturer's instructions.

(2) At a minimum, wear goggles, full face shield, and acid resistant gloves when handling acids or other corrosive materials. Greater protection may be required as specified by maintenance requirement card, naval ship’s technical manual (NSTM), industrial hygiene survey, or manufacturer's instructions.

(3) Never allow corrosive materials or their vapors to come in contact with the skin or eyes.

(4) Submarine nucleonic chemistry rooms and secondary

analysis stations are authorized to utilize eyewash bottles in lieu of plumbed or portable eyewash stations. Even if eyewash bottles are provided, personnel shall comply with paragraph 1507b2 of this instruction.

c. Inorganic Acids

(1) Stow liquid inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric and phosphoric acids bottled in glass or plastic in such a manner that they are cushioned against shock. They should be kept in their original shipping carton or box inside suitable acid-resistant corrosive lockers.

(2) Maintain hydrofluoric acid in acid-proof polyethylene or ceresin-lined bottles at all times and never allow them to come in contact with skin or eyes.

(3) Do not stow inorganic acids in the vicinity of

flammable liquids.

d. Organic Acids. Do not permit liquid and solid organic acids such as glacial acetic, oxalic, carbolic, cresylic, and picric acids to come in contact with the eyes or skin. These acids are corrosive to aluminum and its alloys, to zinc, and to lead. Keep these acids, usually packaged in glass bottles, from freezing and physical damage. Stow these acids in an approved acid locker lined with acid-resistant material, separated by a partition, or by at least three feet from all other material.


D15-19

e. Alkalis. Stow alkalis (bases), such as lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide (lye), disodium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, monoethanolamine (MEA or “AMINE”), sodium carbonate, and ammonium hydroxide (ammonia water) in designated lockers, cabinets, or chests. Keep alkalis separated from acids, oxidizers, and other incompatible materials. Ensure the stowage area is dry.

NOTE:

Many submarine cleaning agents and laundry materials contain alkalis in very strong concentrations. Observe specified stowage and handling precautions for these materials.

D1508. OXIDIZERS An oxidizer is a material such as chlorate, perchlorate, permanganate, peroxide, or nitrate which yields oxygen readily to support the combustion of organic matter, or which may produce heat or react explosively when it comes in contact with many other materials. Higher temperatures increase the possibility of oxygen release from oxidizers and the possible initiation of fire. Heat shall be avoided when handling and storing oxidizers. Oxygen candles are oxidizers. a. Storage Standards

(1) Store oxidizers following precautions listed in paragraph D1503.

(2) Do not store oxidizers in an area adjacent to a torpedo room or small arms ammunition storage or heat source or where the maximum temperature exceeds 100 degrees Fahrenheit under normal operating conditions. Higher temperatures increase the possibility of oxygen release from oxidizers and the possible initiation of fire.

(3) Ensure that oxidizers are not stored in the same

compartment with easily oxidizable material such as fuels, oils, grease, paints, or cellulose products. Do not remove or obliterate labels.


D15-20


(1) Handle and use oxidizers per precautions listed in paragraph D1504.

(2) When transferring oxidizers to second containers, ensure that the second container is compatible with oxidizing material. Place appropriate HM labels on the second container.

(3) Do not remove or obliterate warning labels from containers.

(4) Ensure oxidizing materials are only handled or used by authorized personnel.

c. Calcium hypochlorite is a chemical substance used to provide the sanitizing and bleaching property of chlorine without requiring the handling of liquid or gaseous chlorine.

(1) The following standards apply to the stowage of calcium hypochlorite:

(a) The ready usage stock of 6-ounce bottles issued to the medical and engineering departments shall be stowed in a medical instrument and supply set case, NSN 6545-00-131-6992, which shall be kept in a secured locker with ventilation holes, preferably located in the cognizant department office space. Under no circumstances shall the stock of calcium hypochlorite bottles be stowed in a machinery or nuclear space, berthing space, storeroom, or in the nucleonics laboratory areas.

(b) Label all lockers, bins, and enclosures with red letters on a white background:

HAZARDOUS MATERIAL, CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE

(c) Dispose of containers as used/excess HM and

replace when they exceed two years from the date of manufacture. (2) The following precautions apply when using calcium hypochlorite:

(a) Mix only with water.

(b) Do not allow to come into contact with paints, oils, greases, wetting agents, detergents, acids, antifreeze, alkalis, or organic and combustible materials.


D15-21

(c) Do not remove or obliterate warning labels.

(d) Dispense only in clean, dry utensils and only in amounts required for immediate use.

(e) Avoid contact with skin and eyes. (f) Ensure containers are not used for any other

purpose.

(g) For external contact or if taken internally, follow the instructions printed on the container label or on the material safety data sheet (MSDS). (h) No special firefighting precautions are required for fires caused by calcium hypochlorite. D1509. AEROSOLS Aerosol spray cans are prohibited aboard submarines except as specifically allowed by the SMCL. Aerosols are HM dispensed from a pressurized container for the application of paints, enamels, lacquers, insecticides, inspection penetrant kits, lubricating oils, silicones, and rust preventatives. The propellants used in aerosols may be low boiling hydrocarbons that are flammable, such as propane or isobutane. The contents of aerosol containers are under pressure, and exposure to heat may cause bursting. The propellants in higher concentrations may be anesthetic, asphyxiating, and extremely flammable. The decomposition products formed when propellants contact open flames or hot surfaces may be corrosive, irritating, or toxic. D1510. COMPRESSED GASES Submarines carry numerous cylinders of compressed gases. Compressed gases are used for welding operations (oxygen and acetylene), in refrigeration and air conditioning systems (FREON), and for purging various systems (nitrogen). Cylinders of compressed gases are potential explosion, fire, and health hazards if strict compliance with applicable requirements is not followed.


D15-22

a. Storage Requirements (1) General (a) Only stow compressed gases in compartments and locations designated for cylinder storage, as shown in applicable plans for each submarine. Whenever practical, stowage shall permit removal of any cylinder without disturbing other cylinders. Such locations shall: 1. Be kept free of flammable materials (especially greases and oils). 2. Be maintained at temperatures below 130 degrees Fahrenheit. (b) Ensure that cylinder valve protection caps are in place. (c) Stow cylinders by date of receipt, and place into service in the order of receipt. (d) Tag empty cylinders EMPTY, mark MT, and segregate from full or partially full cylinders. (2) Ready Service. (a) The following gas cylinders are found aboard submarines: 1. Fire extinguishers (portable). 2. Fire-extinguishing cylinders permanently connected to fixed fire-extinguishing systems.

NOTE:

Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) are replacing oxygen breathing apparatus (OBA).

3. Gas and chemical canisters for oxygen breathing apparatus. 4. Welding cylinders. 5. Medical gas cylinders.


D15-23

6. Cylinders containing refrigerants. 7. Disposable cylinders supplied as repair kit accessories (halide leak detector kits, for example). 8. Gas cylinders for the propulsion plant operations. 9. Diving air self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) tanks. (b) Welding Cylinders. Observe the following special instructions and precautions regarding oxygen and fuel gas cylinders in ready service: 1. Install cylinders of gas per approved plans or specifications. 2. Fasten cylinders securely in a rack. Ensure acetylene cylinders are always stowed vertically. Securely fasten the rack, in turn, at the designated locations. 3. Never leave unstowed equipment unattended. 4. Return welding units to designated stowage as soon as work is complete. 5. Attach a card to each welding unit with the following instructions:

Return to (designated location) immediately on completion of work. Unit shall not be left unattended while away from above location. Unit is NOT SECURE while pressure shows on gauges, or cylinders are not firmly fastened to rack and properly stowed.

b. Handling and Usage Requirements

(1) Never drop cylinders nor permit them to strike

against one another violently.

(2) Never use a lifting magnet or a sling (line or chain) when handling cylinders. If a crane or hoist is used, provide a safe cradle or platform to hold cylinders. Do not lift cylinders by valve protection caps.


D15-24

(3) When returning empty cylinders, be sure that valves are closed and that valve outlet, if provided, and cylinder valve protection caps are in place.

(4) Ensure that all cylinders are approved under DOT

regulations. Non-magnetic cylinders are an exception. (5) Only refill cylinders when the command specifically

approves such action. (6) Fill a cylinder only with the gas for which the

cylinder has been specifically designated. (7) Do not remove or change the numbers or marks

stamped into cylinders without the specific approval of the Defense General Supply Center.

(8) Never use cylinders for rollers, supports, or for

any purpose other than to carry gas. (9) Never tamper with the safety devices on valves or

cylinders. (10) Never hammer or strike the valve wheel in

attempting to open or close valves. Use only wrenches or tools provided and approved for this purpose. If valve cannot be turned using hand or proper tool, return the cylinder to supply activity.

(11) Be sure that the threads of regulators or other

auxiliary equipment are the same as those on cylinder valve outlets. Never force connections that do not fit.

(12) Do not use regulators, pressure gauges, manifolds,

and related equipment that are provided for a particular gas on cylinders containing different gases.

(13) Only repair or alter cylinders or valves when

authorized by COMNAVSEASYSCOM. If trouble is experienced, remove cylinder from service, tag as defective, and return to supply activity. Do not remove the stem from a diaphragm-type cylinder valve.

(14) Never subject compressed gas cylinders, either in

stowage or in service, to a temperature in excess of 130 degrees Fahrenheit. Never permit a direct flame to come in contact with any part of a compressed gas cylinder.


D15-25

(15) Handle cylinders carefully. Rough handling,

knocks, or falls are liable to damage the cylinder, valve, or safety devices and may cause leakage. Protect cylinders from objects that will cut or otherwise abrade the surface of the metal.

(16) When testing for leaking gas cylinders, use soapy

water or leak-detection compound conforming to military specification (MIL-L-25567E) requirements.

NOTE:

If bottle contents are in question, the central atmosphere monitoring system (CAMS) has a limited gas analyzing function to assist in identifying certain gases.

(17) Only use a gas cylinder that is properly marked

(by color of paints or with the name of the gas stenciled on cylinder and valve). Return all mis-marked cylinders to the nearest supply depot.

(18) Work-center supervisors shall ensure that supply and exhaust ventilation exists in compartments where compressed gases are stored or in use, systems are in good operating condition, and have been evaluated as adequate by an industrial hygiene survey team.

(19) To thaw out valve outlets that are clogged with ice, use warm (not boiling) water. The use of boiling water will melt the fusible plugs, if present, and vent the cylinders.

(20) Never discharge a cylinder into any device or

equipment in which the gas will be entrapped and create pressure. The only exception is a cylinder equipped with a pressure regulator set to control the pressure.

(21) Never use oil-tolerant gases when oil-free gases

are required. (22) Close the cylinder valve and release the gas from

the regulator before removing the regulator from a cylinder valve.


D15-26

c. Recharging Cylinders

(1) Recharging of diving air (scuba) cylinders: The charging of divers' scuba tanks from the ship's air system shall meet the purity requirements of paragraph 5.2.1.2 of reference D15-7. Commanding officers may omit this requirement during emergency situations. (2) Personnel may refill small cylinders of hydrogen routinely used for nuclear propulsion plant operations per the Reactor Plant Manual.

(3) Personnel may recharge fire extinguishers and fire

extinguishing system cylinders per NSTM 555.

(4) Recharge a cylinder only if less than five years have passed since its last hydrostatic test date. The only exceptions are 3A and 3AA cylinders having water capacities under 125 pounds, for which a 10-year hydrostatic test frequency is approved. For fire extinguisher and fire extinguishing system cylinder hydrostatic test requirements, see NSTM 555.

(5) Never attempt to mix gases in a cylinder. Unauthorized personnel should never refill a cylinder.

d. Welding Cylinders

(1) Place cylinders a safe distance away from the actual welding or cutting operation so that sparks, hot slag, or flame will not reach them. Use fire-resistant shields.

(2) Do not place cylinders where they might become part of an electric circuit. Avoid contact with energized equipment. Keep cylinders away from piping systems that may be used for grounding electric circuits, such as for arc welding machines. Any practice, such as the tapping of an electrode against a cylinder to strike an arc, is prohibited.

(3) Unless connected to a manifold, do not use oxygen from a cylinder without first attaching an oxygen regulator to the cylinder valve. Before connecting the regulator to the cylinder valve, open the valve slightly for an instant and then close. Always stand to one side of the outlet when opening the cylinder valve.


D15-27

(4) Always place the fuel-gas cylinders with valve end up. Store and ship liquefied gases with the valve end up. Prior to use, store acetylene cylinders in a vertical position for a minimum of two hours to stabilize the gas. If acetone flows from the cylinder, put aside the cylinder for an additional period.

(5) Do not place anything on top of an acetylene cylinder that may damage the safety device or interfere with the quick closing of the valve.

(6) Never use fuel gas from cylinders through torches or other devices equipped with shutoff valves without reducing the pressure through a regulator attached to the cylinder valve or manifold.

(7) Do not use copper tubing with acetylene gas cylinders due to the increased potential for an explosive chemical reaction.

(8) Back off on the regulation screws, and then open the cylinder valves slowly. Open the acetylene valve one-fourth to one-half turn. This will allow an adequate flow of acetylene, and the valve can be closed quickly in an emergency (never open the acetylene cylinder valve more than one and a half turns). The oxygen cylinder valve should be opened all the way to eliminate leakage around the stem.

CHAPTER D15

REFERENCES

D15-1. NAVSEA S9510-AB-ATM-010/(U), Nuclear Powered Submarine Atmosphere Control Manual (NOTAL) D15-2. Hazardous Material Information Resource System (HMIRS) D15-3. NAVSUP Publication 4105, List of Items Requiring Special Handling (NOTAL) D15-4. NAVSUPINST 4410.52B, Shelf-Life Item Identification, Management, and Control (NOTAL) D15-5. OPNAVINST 5090.1B


D15-28

D15-6. NAVSEA S9593-A1-MAN-010, Shipboard Management Guide to PCBs and Associated NAVSEA issued PCB Advisories (NOTAL) D15-7. NAVSEA 0944-LP-001-9010, U.S. Navy Diving Manual (NOTAL) D15-8. NAVSUP 573, Storage and Handling of Hazardous Materials, D15-9. NAVSUP Pub 485-Naval Supply Afloat Procedures D15-10. NAVSUP Pub 722 Consolidated Hazardous Reutilization Inventory Program (CHRIMP) Manual NTSM 593 Pollution Control Manual D15-11. NSTM 670 Stowage, Handling, and Disposal of General Use Consumables D15-12. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM 593), Pollution Control Manual D15-13. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM 555), Surface Ship Firefighting


Appendix D15-A

HAZARDOUS MATERIAL COMPATIBILITY STORAGE DIAGRAM

(USING HAZARD CHARACTERISTIC CODE (HCC)) The Hazardous Characteristic Code (HCC) for each item can be found in the MSDS located in the Submarine Hazardous Material Control List (SMCL).

Instructions: 1. Each block represents a separate stowage location. The codes in the boxes are grouped with other codes with which they are compatible for storage. Generally, materials with different codes will not be stowed together unless specified below: a. Inorganic acids may be stowed in a flammable liquid storeroom inside a designated locker, separated by at least three feet from all other material. b. Organic acids may be stowed in a flammable liquid storeroom inside a designated locker, separated by at least three feet from all other material.

NOTE:

C1, C3-HM identified with the C1 or C3 code may be either an inorganic or an organic acid. See page D15-E-2 for examples of inorganic and organic acids.


D15-A-2

ACID AND ALKALI EXAMPLES

The table below lists common examples of inorganic acid, organic acid, and alkali. Acids identified with the HCC code C1 or C3 may be either inorganic or organic, check carefully before storing.

Inorganic acid (C1, C3)

Organic acid (C1, C3)

Alkali (C2, C4)

Alodine Aqua fortis Boric acid Chromic acid Hydrochloric acid Hydrofluoric acid Muriatic acid Nitric acid Oil of Vitriol (sulfuric acid) Orthotolidine solution Phosphoric acid Sodium bisulfate Sulfamic acid Sulfuric acid

Acetic acid Citric acid Cresol Cresylic acid Glacial acetic acid Oxalic acid Sulfosalicylic acid Trichloroacetic acid Vinegar

Ammonia Ammonium hydroxide Barium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide Caustic soda Caustic potash Diethylenetriamine Lithium hydroxide Monoethanolamine Morpholine Potassium carbonate Potassium hydroxide Soda lime Sodium sulfide Sodium hydroxide Sodium metasilicate Sodium phosphate Sodium silicate Sodium hypochlorite Tetraethylenepentamine


GLOSSARY The words shall, will, must, should, may, and can are used throughout this manual. Shall, will, and must are directive in nature and require mandatory compliance. Should is a strong recommendation, but compliance is not required. May or can, when used, are optional in nature and compliance is not required. Abate - To eliminate or reduce permanently an unsafe or unhealthful working condition by coming into compliance with the applicable NAVOSH standard. Abrasive-blasting Respirator - A continuous flow airline respirator constructed so that it will cover the wearer's head, neck, and shoulders and protect the wearer from abrasives and other related materials. Acid - Any corrosive having a pH less than 7. Acid Locker - A locker specifically designed and authorized for storing HM with a pH less than 7. Action Level - Unless otherwise specified in a NAVOSH standard, one-half the relevant Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) or Threshold Limit Value (TLV). Acute - Severe, usually crucial, often dangerous in which rapid changes are occurring. An acute exposure runs a comparatively short course. Administrative Control - Any procedure which limits daily exposures to toxic chemicals or harmful physical agents by control of the work schedule. Aerosol - Any material dispensed from a pressurized container using a gas propellant. Afloat Mishap - Any mishap caused by DoD operations resulting in injury or death to anyone aboard the ships (craft) listed below whenever the ship is underway; ship's military and federal civilian mariners assigned as a crew member (permanent or under temporary orders) aboard the ships listed below, on- or off-duty ashore; or material loss or damage, occurring to the ships listed below at all times, both underway and moored:

a. Commissioned, U.S. Navy ships and their embarked boats and landing craft or leased boats.


G-2

b. Pre-commissioned, U.S. Navy ships and their embarked boats and landing craft or leased boats beginning when the ship gets underway for Acceptance Trials

c. United States Navy Ship (USNS) ships manned by federal civilian mariners assigned to Military Sealift Command.

d. All on-duty diving mishaps.

ALARA - As Low as Reasonably Achievable. Alternate Standards - Proposed standards giving equal or better protection than existing NAVOSH standards. Proposed alternate standards shall be submitted to CNO (N45) through the chain of command for approval. ANSI - American National Standards Institute, a national consensus standard-developing organization. Atmosphere Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) - The concentration of a contaminant which can produce an immediate irreversible debilitating effect on health, or which can cause death. Asbestos - A fibrous mineral, which can be produced into a material that is fireproof and possesses high tensile strength, good heat and electrical insulating capabilities, and moderate to good chemical resistance. Asbestos Medical Surveillance Program (AMSP) - A program consisting of a periodic medical screening examination which may include special purpose histories, physical examinations and laboratory tests. Directed at detecting early changes in specific organ systems which have been identified with asbestos diseases. Audiogram - A graph or table showing hearing threshold levels as a function of frequency. Audiometer - Instrument used to measure hearing sensitivity using pure tones. Aviation Bends (Altitude Decompression Sickness) - Aviators exposed to altitude may experience symptoms of decompression sickness similar to those experienced by divers. A-Weighted Sound Level - Sound level in decibels as measured on a sound level meter using an A-weighted network. This network


G-3

attempts to reflect the human ear's decreased sensitivity to low frequency sounds. Authorizing Officer - Officer in the tag-out program who has authority to sign tags/labels to be issued or cleared. Base - Any corrosive having a pH greater than seven. Baseline Survey - Initial survey (after construction or overhaul) to identify hazardous workplace conditions or unsafe work practices. Biological Monitoring - Periodic examination of blood, urine or any other body substance to determine exposure to toxic substances. Bound Asbestos - Asbestos which is tightly compacted and is not normally a health hazard unless worked by punching, grinding, machining or sanding or when the material is deteriorated. Canister, Oxygen-Generating - A container filled with a chemical which generates oxygen by chemical reaction. Capture Velocity - That velocity at a distance from a hood, necessary to overcome dispersive forces and capture the contaminant. Carbon Dioxide Fixed Flooding Systems - Fire extinguishing systems that may be used to protect spaces such as paint lockers, generator rooms, pump rooms, engine rooms, and flammable liquids storerooms. Cartridge, Air-Purifying - A container with a filter, sorbent, or catalyst, or any combination of these which removes specific contaminants from the air drawn through it. Caustic - Any corrosive having a pH greater than seven. Caution Tag - Yellow tag used as precautionary notification to indicate that caution must be exercised in operating tagged equipment. Chemical Agent - A chemical compound intended for use in military operations to kill, seriously injure, or incapacitate people through its chemical properties. Excluded are riot control agents, chemical herbicides, pesticides, and industrial chemicals unrelated to chemical warfare.


G-4

Chronic - Persistent, prolonged, repeated.

Class A Mishap (afloat) - The total cost of reportable damage is $1,000,000 or more; or any injury or work-related illness result-ing in death or permanent total disability. All class A mishaps occurring on a ship specified in OPNAVINST 5102.1D, Navy and Marine Corps Mishap And Safety Investigation Reporting and Recordkeeping Manual, require investigation by a safety investigation board (SIB) and submission of a safety investigation report (SIR). Class A mishaps occurring ashore or as a result of motor vehicle mishaps also shall be investigated and reported according to OPNAVINST 5102.1D.

Class B Mishap (afloat) - The total cost of reportable property damage is $200,000 or more, but less than $1,000,000; an injury or work-related illness resulting in permanent partial disability; or a mishap resulting in the hospitalization of three or more people. Class B mishaps shall be investigated and reported according to OPNAVINST 5102.1D, Navy And Marine Corps Mishap And Safety Investigation Reporting and Recordkeeping Manual.

Class C Mishap (afloat) - The total cost of reportable property

damage is $10,000 or more, but less than $200,000; or an injury preventing an individual from performing regularly scheduled duty or work beyond the day or shift on which it occurred; or a nonfatal illness or disability causing loss of time from work or disability at any time (lost time case). Class C mishaps shall be investigated and reported according to OPNAVINST 5102.1D, Navy and Marine Corps Mishap and Safety Investigation Reporting and Record Keeping Manual. Collection, Holding and Transfer (CHT) System - A type of marine sanitation device installed aboard naval ships. This system employs waste holding tanks for use when transiting restricted zones. It is only installed on ships of sufficient size to accommodate the tanks without reducing military capabilities.

Combustible Liquid - A liquid having a flash point at or above 100oF. Compressed Gas - Material, which may or may not be HM in itself, which is stored in pressurized containers. Concentration - The quantity of a substance per unit volume (in appropriate units).

Examples of concentration units are provided below:


G-5

mg/m3 milligrams per cubic meter for vapors, gases, fumes or dusts ppm parts per million for vapors or gases fibers/cc fibers per cubic centimeter for asbestos Confined Space - A compartment such as a double-bottom tank, cofferdam, or void, which because of its small size, limited access, or confined nature can readily create, aggravate, or result in a hazardous condition due to the presence of toxic gases or lack of oxygen. Consolidated Hazardous Material Reutilization Inventory Management Program (CHRIMP) – A HM control and management program that requires all hazardous material (used and excess HM and all empty HM containers) to be centrally controlled onboard ships and submarines. CHRIMP requires the establishment/installation of HAZMINCENs. CHRIMP includes centralized inventory management, procurement, storage, issue/receipt/reissue, and collection/consolidation/offload of HM. Contaminant - A material that is not normally present in the atmosphere, which can be harmful, irritating or a nuisance to anyone who breathes it. Contractor Caused Mishaps - Injuries or work-related illnesses of DoD personnel caused by contractor operations. The parent command of affected DoD personnel shall report these mishaps. All work- related injury and occupational illness mishaps involving a contractor where DON provided direct supervision of the contractor, the mishap was caused wholly or in part by DoD operations, and DON has the means to affect change to prevent reoccurrence of the mishap are reportable under OPNAVINST 5102.1D, Navy and Marine Corps Mishap and Safety Investigation Reporting and Recordkeeping Manual. Contact COMNAVSAFECEN or CMC (SD) for guidance for mishaps involving civilian contractor personnel caused by contractor operations. Conventional Ordnance Deficiency - CODR incident is where ordnance or weapon systems fail to function in accordance with the designed and/or intent of the system and results in no property damage or injury. This includes improper storage, explosives, ammunition, explosive systems, or devices, including weapon systems components that come in direct contact with the ordnance (e.g., ammunition, explosives, missiles) and armament, handling, support equipment used to fire, handle, load, deliver, store or transport ordnance.


G-6

a. The Conventional Ordnance Deficiency Report (CODR). A CODR is initiated for the following events using the Airborne Weapons Information System (AWIS) at https://awis.mugu.navy.mil/awis/Index.asp. For commands without Internet access use the procedures defined in of OPNAVINST 8000.16. b. Malfunction. The failure to function properly of conventional ordnance, explosives, ammunition, small arms, weapons, or weapon system components and support equipment that come in direct contact with the ordnance. Example: Failure to launch, dud weapons, gun fails to cycle, JATO fails to ignite, etc. c. Inadvertent launch or arming. The unintentional launch, arming an explosive component or weapon caused by mechanical failure. d. Defective weapons support equipment. Deficiencies involving any equipment or device used in the manufacture, test, assembly, handling or transportation of any explosive system (e.g., skids, trailers, slings or similar equipment). e. Observed defect. A discovered defective weapon or weapon system component that comes in direct contact with the ordnance, small arms, weapons, conventional ordnance, explosives, and ammunition. Example: Protruding primers, cracked grains, damaged or broken breech bolts, broken or scratched missile radomes, and advanced corrosion). Items that are under warranty, new, or newly reworked will be reported using a product quality deficiency report (PQDR) per this instruction. f. Other Deficiencies. The failure of an explosive component or explosives system to test, calibrate, or otherwise meet pre-loading or pre-launch requirements. Example: The failure of Built-In-Test (BIT)and OTTO fuel spills. Any part of ordnance, ordnance systems, or ordnance equipment falling from aircraft requires a CODR per OPNAVINST 8000.16. Corrosive Material - Any HM that will cause severe tissue damage by chemical action or materially damage surfaces or cause a fire when in contact with organic material or certain other chemicals. Current Ship's Maintenance Project (CSMP) - A computerized report which lists the deferred maintenance reported by a command. Such


G-7

reports are also provided to the type commander. Reports can provide either a detailed or summary listing of deferred maintenance information. The CSMP is used for generating Board of Inspection and Survey packages and automated work requests (AWRs) prior to overhaul or availabilities. Damage - The partial or total loss of hardware caused by component failure. Exposure of hardware to heat, fire or other environments; human errors; or other inadvertent events or conditions. Danger Tag - Red tag prohibiting operation of equipment that endangers safety of personnel or equipment, systems, or components. Decibel-dB - A unit used to express sound pressure levels; specifically, 20 times the logarithm of the ratio of the measured sound pressure to a reference quantity, 20 micropascals (0.0002 microbars). In hearing testing, the unit used to express hearing threshold levels as referred to audiometric zero. Designated Safety and Occupational Health Official - The individual at the Secretary of the Navy level who is responsible for the administration of the Navy safety and occupational health program. Detector Tube - A glass tube which utilizes a sensitive chemical (in a suspension of silica gel) which produces color change whenever contaminated air is pulled through the tube. Disabling Work/Duty Injury - Any impairment resulting from an accident or occupational disease which prevents a military person from performing his or her regularly established duty or work for a period of 24 hours or more, subsequent to 2400 on the day of injury.

Diving Mishap - Injury, recompression therapy, or death resulting from an incident occurring while breathing compressed gases (for example, air, HeO2, or oxygen) before, during, or after entering or leaving the water.

DoD Personnel - Defined as:

a. On-duty, DoD civil service employees (including National Guard and Reserve technicians, unless in military duty status); non-appropriated fund employees (excluding part-time military); Corps of Engineers civil works employees; Youth or Student


G-8

Assistance Program employees; foreign nationals employed by DoD components; and Army-Air Force Exchange Service employees.

b. All U.S. military personnel on active duty; U.S. Military Reserve or National Guard personnel on active duty or in a drill status; Service Academy cadets or midshipmen; Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) cadets or midshipmen when engaged in directed training activities; Officer Candidate School students when engaged in directed training activities; and foreign national military personnel assigned to DoD components. Dosimeter - A device for cumulatively measuring radiation or noise exposure of an individual over a period of time. Dust - Small solid particles created by the breaking up of larger particles by processes such as crushing, grinding, or explosion.

Examples of processes that generate dust: use of machine shop tools, paint chipping, sanding, woodworking, abrasive blasting. EEBD (Emergency Escape Breathing Device) - A respirator that provides the user with oxygen through a chemical reaction. Only to be used in emergency escape procedures. Effectiveness of Corrective Action - The degree to which the proposed hazard abatement system can be expected to reduce the cited hazard. For health hazards, this would typically be expressed as the intensity of the hazardous chemical or physical agent remaining, in appropriate units, after the proposed abatement measure is operational. For safety hazards, effectiveness is expressed as "in full compliance" or "not in full compliance" with the applicable standard, if any. Electric Shock - The passage of direct or alternating electrical current through the body or a body part. Electrical Safety Officer - Person who is responsible to the commanding officer in conducting an effective ship-wide electrical safety program. Emergency Repair - A repair necessary to protect life or the ship. Employment Mishap - A mishap occurring as a result of work performance exposure to the work environment. Enlisted Safety Committee - A committee consisting of the safety officer, division safety petty officers, and the chief master-at-


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arms. Identifies and discusses NAVOSH problems, enhances interdepartmental communication in mishap prevention, and submits issues and recommendations to the Safety Council. Excess Hazardous Material – Excess HM is unused material in unopened, properly sealed containers for which there is no further, immediate use on board the ship possessing the material. Such material may ultimately be used on another ship, within the shore establishment, for the same purpose or a purpose other than that for which it was initially manufactured, or by commercial industry. Explosion - A chemical reaction of any chemical compound or mechanical mixture that, when initiated, undergoes a very rapid combustion or decomposition releasing large volumes of highly heated gases that exert pressure on the surrounding medium. Depending on the rate of energy release, an explosion can be categorized as a deflagration, a detonation, or pressure rupture. Explosive Material - A chemical, or a mixture of chemicals, which undergoes a rapid chemical change (with or without an outside supply of oxygen) liberating large quantities of energy in the form of blast, light, or hot gases. Incendiary materials and certain fuels and oxidizers which can be made to undergo a similar chemical change are also explosive materials. Examples of explosive materials include:

a. Explosives. TNT, PBXN, PETN, PBXC, RDX, compositions, Explosive D, tetryl, fulminate of mercury, black powder, smokeless powder, flashless powder, and rocket and missile propellants.

b. Fuels and Oxidizers. OTTO fuel II, mixed amine fuel, inhibited red fuming nitric acid, and ethylene oxide.

c. Incendiaries. Napalm, magnesium, thermite, and pyrotechnics. Explosive Mishaps - An incident or accident involving conventional ordnance, ammunition, explosives, or explosive systems and devices resulting in an unintentional detonation, firing, deflagration, burning, launching of ordnance material (including all ordnance impacting off-range), leaking or spilled propellant fuels and oxidizers, or chemical agent release. Even if an ordnance system works as designed, if human error contributed to an incident or accident resulting in damage, injury, or death, the event is


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reported as an explosive mishap and is reportable as specified in OPNAVINST 5102.1D, Navy And Marine Corps Mishap And Safety Investigation Reporting and Record Keeping Manual. Explosive mishaps include:

Explosive System - A weapon, device, or tool using explosive materials. First Aid - Any one-time treatment, with follow-up treatment if required, to clean, bandage, or observe a scratch, cut, burn, splinter, sprained ankle, etc., not necessarily provided by competent medical authority. First aid, for purposes of this instruction and 29 CFR Part 1904, are not required to be recorded or reported according to OPNAVINST 5102.1D, Navy And Marine Corps Mishap And Safety Investigation Reporting and Recordkeeping Manual, using the following definition of first aid: a. Using a non-prescription medication at nonprescription strength (for medications available in both prescription and non-prescription form, a recommendation by a physician or other licensed health care professional to use a non-prescription medication at prescription strength is considered medical treatment for record keeping purposes). b. Administering tetanus immunizations (other immunizations, such as hepatitis B vaccine or rabies vaccine, are considered medical treatment). c. Cleaning, flushing or soaking wounds on the surface of the skin. d. Using wound coverings such as bandages, Band-Aids™, gauze pads, etc.; or using butterfly bandages or Steri-Strips™ (other wound closing devices such as sutures, staples, etc., are considered medical treatment). e. Using hot or cold therapy. f. Using any non-rigid means of support, such as elastic bandages, wraps, non-rigid back belts, etc. (devices with rigid stays or other systems designed to immobilize parts of the body are considered medical treatment for record keeping purposes). g. Using temporary immobilization devices while transporting an accident victim (e.g., splints, slings, neck collars, back boards, etc.).


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h. Drilling of a fingernail or toenail to relieve pressure, or draining fluid from a blister. i. Using eye patches. j. Removing foreign bodies from the eye using only irrigation or a cotton swab. k. Removing splinters or foreign material from areas other than the eye by irrigation, tweezers, cotton swabs or other simple means. l. Using finger guards. m. Using massages (physical therapy or chiropractic treatment are considered medical treatment for record keeping purposes). n. Drinking fluids for relief of heat stress.

Flammable Liquid - A liquid with a flash point below 100oF and having a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 lbs/square inch. Flammable Liquids Cabinet - A cabinet specifically designed and authorized for storing flammable in-use material. Flammable Liquids Storeroom - A space specifically designed and authorized for storing flammable liquids. Flashpoint - The minimum (lowest) temperature at which the vapors given off from a material will support combustion provided an ignition source. Frequency - The rate at which a sound source vibrates or makes the air vibrate determines frequency. The unit of time is usually one second and the term Hertz (Hz) is used to designate the number of cycles per second. Frequency is related to the subjective sensation of pitch. High frequency sounds (2000, 3000, and 4000 Hz) are high pitched. Friable Asbestos - Loosely bound asbestos whose fibers may easily crumble or pulverize. A health hazard because it easily releases contaminants into the air. Fume - Very small particles (1 micrometer or less) formed by the condensation of volatilized solids, usually metals.


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Examples of processes that generate fumes: zinc socket pouring, smelting, furnace work, foundry operations, and welding. Gas - A material that under normal conditions of temperatures and pressure (20 degrees Celsius and 760mmHg, respectively) tends to occupy an enclosed space uniformly. Gas Free Engineer - Person who is responsible for testing spaces to be entered by personnel for the presence of harmful vapors or vapor density content. Government Motor Vehicle - A motor vehicle that is owned, leased, or rented by a DoD component (not individuals); and whose general purpose is the transportation of cargo or personnel. Examples of GMVs are passenger cars, station wagons, vans, golf carts, 4-wheeled scooters, ambulances, buses, motorcycles, trucks, and tractor-trailers. Vehicles on receipt to, and operated by, non-DoD persons or agencies and activities such as the U.S. Postal Service or the American Red Cross are not GMVs. Ground - Base (zero) potential. To make an electrical connection between an object and the ship or from ship to dry dock to ensure that no potential difference exists. Hazard - A workplace condition that might result in injury, health impairment, illness, disease, or death to any worker who is exposed to the condition, or which might result in damage to or loss of property/equipment. Mishap investigators use the term to explain causes of mishaps. Hazards are detected through inspections, industrial hygiene surveys, observations of near-mishaps, safety program evaluations, or from other activity reports. Hazard Abatement Log - A record of identified deficiencies in chronological order by department. Hazard Report - A message report notifying COMNAVSAFECEN and CMC (SD) of a hazardous condition or near-mishap that occurred at the reporting command. Hazard Severity - An assessment of the worst potential consequence which is likely to occur as a result of deficiencies. Hazard severity categories are:

a. Category I - Catastrophic: the hazard may cause death or loss of a facility/asset or result in grave damage to national interests.


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b. Category II - Critical: may cause severe injury, illness, property damage, damage to national or service interests or degradation to efficient use of assets.

c. Category III - Marginal: may cause minor injury, illness, property damage, damage to national, service or command interests or degradation to efficient use of assets.

d. Category IV - Negligible: presents minimal threat to personnel safety, health or property, national, service or command interests or efficient use of assets. Hazardous Material (HM) - Any material that, because of its quantity, concentration, or physical or chemical characteristics, may pose a hazard to human health or the environment during use, handling, storage, transportation, or spill. Excluded are those materials cited in reference B3-3, such as materials that do not require a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act items, articles, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation and biological hazards. Materials that require special handling and disposal procedures include ammunition, weapons, explosives, explosive actuated devices, propellants, pyrotechnics, chemical and biological warfare materials, medical waste, infectious materials, bulk fuels, asbestos, lead, and radioactive materials. Guidance/direction for these materials can be found in other related documentation.

Hazardous Material Information Resource System (HMIRS) - A Department of Defense (DoD) automated system developed and maintained by the Defense Logistics Agency. HMIRS is the central repository for MSDS for the United States government military services and civil agencies. It also contains value-added information input by the service/agency focal points. This value-added data includes hazard communication warning labels and transportation information. HMIRS provides this data for hazardous materials purchased by the federal government through the DoD and civil agencies. The system assists federal government personnel who handle, store, transport, use, or dispose of hazardous materials. HMIRS can be accessed via http://www.dlis.dla.mil/hmirs/. HMIRS MSDS contain hazard characteristic codes (HCC) that can be used to determine proper storage for HM. Hazardous Material Minimization Center (HAZMINCEN) - Utilizes facilities, equipment, and procedures to execute CHRIMP. HAZMINCEN designs can vary greatly, depending on the size of the ship, mission, and requirements for HM. The smallest ships (submarines, minesweepers, patrol craft) often require little HM and are too small to include a dedicated HAZMINCEN storeroom or


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office. In these instances, HM is stored in work-center lockers, and centrally managed/controlled in the Supply Department. Other small ships (frigates, cruisers, destroyers) have only a small flammable storeroom and utilize lockers for other HM. HM on these ships can be issued from the flammable storeroom, and centrally managed/controlled in the Supply Department. On these smaller ships, there usually is insufficient space to allow for a dedicated HM consolidation space. Consolidation takes place in the flammable storeroom. On larger platforms (Amphibious Class ships, Aircraft Carriers), the ship is large enough to support a separate HAZMINCEN Office, multiple HM storerooms, issue room(s), and a consolidation space. Hazardous Waste - Any discarded material (liquid, solid or gas) which meets the above definition of hazardous material and/or is designated as a hazardous waste by the Environmental Protection Agency or a state hazardous material control authority. Hearing Level - Amounts in decibels by which the threshold of audition for an ear differs from zero decibels (dB) for each frequency - a standard audiometric threshold derived from normal-hearing young adults. Heat Exhaustion - A heat illness caused by salt depletion and dehydration, which is evidenced by profuse sweating, headache, nausea, vomiting, and tingling sensations, leading to unconsciousness. Heat Stress - Any combination of air temperature, thermal radiation, humidity, air flow, and work load which may stress the body as it attempts to regulate body temperature. Heat stress becomes excessive when the body's capability to adjust is exceeded, resulting in an increase of body temperature. Heat Stroke - Heat illness where the thermo-regulatory system fails to function, so the main avenue of heat loss is blocked resulting in unconsciousness, convulsions, delirium and possible death. Hertz (Hz) - Unit of frequency. Hospitalization - The admission of Navy and Marine Corps personnel to a hospital or shipboard medical facility on an inpatient basis related to the immediate injury or occupational illness. Hyperbaric - Pressure greater than that normally measured at sea level. High gaseous pressure found in a diving environment.


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Hypobaric - Pressure less than that normally measured at sea level. Low gaseous pressure found at altitude as in flight or a chamber flight simulator (hypobaric chamber). Illness and/or Disease. - A non-traumatic physiological harm or loss of capacity produced by systemic; continued or repeated stress or strain; exposure to toxins, poisons, fumes, etc., or other continued and repeated exposures to conditions of the environment over a long period of time. For practical purposes, an occupational illness and/or disease are any reported condition that does not meet the definition of injury. Illness includes both acute and chronic illnesses, such as, but nor limited to, a skin disease, respiratory disorder, or poisoning. Imminent Danger - A condition that immediately threatens the loss of life or serious injury or illness of an employee. Impulse or Impact Noise - Sound of short duration, usually less than one second, with an abrupt onset and rapid decay. Incompatible HM/HW - Any materials that react with each other to produce undesirable products. Mixing incompatible hazardous material can produce heat or pressure, fire or explosion, or toxic, irritating, or flammable dusts, mists, fumes, or gases. Industrial Hygiene - The science that deals with the recognition, evaluation and control of potential health hazards in the work environment. Industrial Hygiene Officer (IHO) - Medical service corps officer with a subspecialty and trained in the area of industrial hygiene. Trained to identify, evaluate, and prescribe controls for workplace hazards. Assigned as safety officer aboard tenders and as assistant safety officer aboard aircraft carriers. Some staffs are designated to have IHOs assigned.

Injury - A traumatic wound or other condition of the body caused by external force including stress or strain. The injury is identifiable as to time and place of occurrence and the part or function of the body affected, and is caused by a specific event or series of events within a single day or work shift. Injuries include cases such as, but not limited to, a cut, fracture, sprain, or amputation. Inspection - Careful and critical workplace monitoring for safety hazards and deficiencies conducted by ship's force and outside commands (type commander, group commander, squadron commander,


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Inspection and Survey (INSURV) Board). Ensures that standards are being observed. Interim Controls - Those measures meeting or exceeding minimum requirements for temporary protection of personnel or operations pending full and complete corrective action. In-Use Material (IUM) - The minimum quantity of HM required to be ready for a 1-week's use by maintenance requirement cards (MRCs) job process, etc. Ionizing Radiation - Radiation with sufficient energy to strip electrons from atoms in the media through which it passes. Examples include alpha particles, beta particles, X- and gamma-rays. Isolation - The physical separation of a hazard from potential personnel contact by the use of a barrier or limiter. Laser - A device which generates coherent electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet, visible, or infrared regions of the spectrum. Lost Time Case - A non-fatal traumatic injury that causes any loss of time from work after the day or shift on which it occurred; or non-fatal non-traumatic illness and/or disease that causes any loss of time from work. Lost Workdays or Days Away From Work - The total number of full calendar days, weekends included, that a person was unable to work as a result of an injury or occupational illness, excluding the day of the mishap and the day returned to duty or work. a. For Navy and Marine Corps military personnel, these include days hospitalized, sick-in-quarters, or on convalescent leave as a result of injury or work-related illness. b. Navy and Marine Corps reserve personnel, in a not physically qualified (NPQ) status sustained as a result of an injury at any time en route to, during, or returning from drill, or during annual training, is considered lost time. c. For Navy and Marine Corps civilian personnel, this includes continuation of pay (COP) leave, annual leave, sick leave, days hospitalized, and leave without pay granted, or a full work shift missed because of a work-related illness or injury.


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Man-made Vitreous Fibers (MMVF) - are a group of fibrous inorganic materials, generally aluminum or calcium silicates, that are derived from rock, clay, slag, and glass and used for thermal and acoustical insulation and as reinforcement materials. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) - A document that contains on the potential health effects of exposure to chemicals, or other potentially dangerous substances, and on safe working procedures when handling chemical products. It is an essential starting point for the development of a complete health and safety program. It contains hazard evaluations on the use, storage, handling and emergency procedures related to that material. The MSDS contains much more information about the material than the label and it is prepared by the supplier. It is intended to tell what the hazards of the product are, how to use the product safely, what to expect if the recommendations are not followed, what to do if accidents occur, how to recognize symptoms of overexposure, and what to do if such incidents occur. Medical Attention - An injury or exposure requiring treatment by the ship's medical department representative (physician, nurse, or corpsman) and a medical record entry. Medical Surveillance - An effort to monitor the health of individuals for job certification/recertification, for ensuring the effectiveness of hazard limiting programs, for indication of excessive exposure in the workplace and for compliance with NAVOSH standards. Medical Treatment - Treatment administered by a physician or by registered personnel under the standing orders of a physician. Medical treatment does not include first aid treatment even though provided by a physician or registered professional personnel. Mercury Control Officer - Appointed in writing by the commanding officers of afloat IMAs to ensure the requirements of this directive are implemented. Military Personnel - All Navy military personnel on active duty (USN/USNR); Naval Reserve personnel (USNR-R) on active duty or in a drill status; Naval Academy midshipmen; Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) midshipmen when engaged in directed training activities; and other DoD and Foreign National military personnel assigned to the Navy or embarked in Navy or Military Sealift Command ships.


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Mishap - Any unplanned or unexpected event causing personnel injury, occupational illness, death, or material loss or damage or an explosion of any kind whether damage occurs or not.

Mishap Causes - Conditions or events explaining why a mishap oc-curred. See OPNAVINST 5102.1D, Navy and Marine Corps Mishap and Safety Investigation Reporting and Recordkeeping Manual, for additional information.

Mishap Costs - Include all DoD property damage, other property damage, and injury costs.

a. DoD Property Damage Costs. The cost of repair or replacement of all DoD property involved in the mishap by determining the actual cost of materials or by estimates provided by the repair activity. If necessary, use estimates based on the actual cost of materials and $18 for each hour of organizational- or intermediate-level labor or $60 for each hour of depot-level labor.

b. Other Property Damage Costs. The actual cost of repair or replacement, if available.

c. Injury Costs. The cost based on the extent of injury reported and current costs estimates. These costs are calculated by COMNAVSAFECEN from data received. Mishap Investigation - The investigation conducted into the facts surrounding the causes of a mishap. Mishap Probability - The likelihood that a hazard will result in a mishap or loss, based on an assessment of such factors as location, exposure in terms of cycles or hours of operation, and affected population. Represented by a letter according to the following criteria:

Subcategory Description

A Likely to occur immediately or in a short period of time.

B Probably will occur in time.

C May occur in time.

D Unlikely to occur.


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Mist and Fog - Finely divided liquid droplets suspended in air and generated by condensation or atomization. A fog is a mist of sufficient concentration to obscure vision. Examples of materials and processes that produce mists: acid sprays used in metal treatment (e.g., electroplating) organic solvent sprays, and spray painting). Monitoring Industrial Hygiene - Measurement of the amount of contaminant or physical stress reaching the worker in the environment. Monitoring (Medical Surveillance) - The preplacement and periodic evaluation of body functions to ascertain the health status of personnel exposed to significant concentrations of toxic substances (e.g., decreased lung function, dermatitis, abnormal blood count) allowing early detection of adverse health effects on the individual. Monitoring Hearing Tests - Periodic hearing tests, obtained subsequent to the reference hearing test, which are used to detect shifts in the individual's threshold of hearing. Moored - Secured alongside a pier, wharf, quay, or causeway; to a mooring buoy; or at anchor. Motor Vehicle Mishap - A mishap entailing the operation of a motor vehicle or motorcycle involving collisions with other vehicles, objects, or pedestrians; fatality, personal injury, or property damage; fatality or personal injury in moving vehicles or by falling from moving vehicles; towing or pushing mishaps; and other injury and property damage. Collisions involving pedestrians or bicyclists when struck by a motor vehicle or other vehicular objects are to be included if other reporting requirements are met. MSHA - Mine Safety and Health Administration. NAVOSH - Navy Occupational Safety and Health. Navy Environmental and Preventive Medicine Unit (NAVENPVNTMEDU) - A Navy Medical Command activity which provides training and technical assistance in environmental and occupational health to Navy commands, afloat and ashore. Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Standards - Occupational safety and health standards published by the Navy which include, are in addition to, or are alternatives for, the OSHA standards which prescribe conditions and methods necessary to provide a safe and healthful working environment. Afloat


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standards are given in section C of this manual and submarine standards are given in section D of this manual. Navy Personnel - Includes the following categories:

a. Civilian - General Schedule and Wage Grade employees; Youth/Student Assistance Program employees, Foreign Nationals directly employed by Navy commands; and non-appropriated fund employees.

b. Military - All U.S. Navy personnel on active duty; U.S. Military Reserve or National Guard personnel on active duty or in drill status; Service Academy midshipmen/cadets; Reserve Officer Training Corps midshipmen when engaged in directed training activities; Foreign National military personnel assigned to Navy commands. Personnel of other branches of the Armed Forces serving with the Navy.

Near Mishap - An act or event in which injury or damage was avoided merely by chance. The situations are reported internally by Safety Hazard Report (OPNAV 3120/5) or Internal Mishap/Near Mishap Report; and externally, when there is a lesson learned, according to OPNAVINST 5102.1D, Navy and Marine Corps Mishap and Safety Investigation Reporting and Recordkeeping Manual.

NIOSH - National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health.

NIOSH/MSHA Certified Equipment - Respirators or other equipment that have been tested by NIOSH or MSHA and jointly approved as meeting certain minimum requirements of protection against specified hazards. Noise Exposure - Personal interaction to a combination of effective sound level and its duration. Non-ionizing Radiation - Radiation which is not capable of stripping electrons from atoms in the media through which it passes. Examples include radiowaves, microwaves, visible light, and ultraviolet radiation. Normal Working Population Exposed to Hazard - The number of people whose authorized activities cause them to be exposed to the specified hazardous condition on a significant number of occasions during a work year; no one should be included in this estimate who is exposed to the cited hazard so infrequently or at such low exposure concentrations that it can be considered insignificant. Do not count as exposed those persons who only


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occasionally pass by the door of a room where a hazard is present. For specific chemical or physical agents, the population exposed is dependent on the numbers of personnel involved in the specific activity, the effectiveness of confinement or containment systems, and the process steps involved. For agents requiring extensive processing, potential exposure may be ship-wide, but will vary in intensity. If isolation is practiced, the exposed population may be only one person per shift or watch. If collection systems are not used to confine potential emissions, personnel not actively engaged in the operation may also be exposed to hazardous substances. Populations exposed to a specific safety hazard will vary with the type of hazard and its locations. If the safety hazard is associated with a specific piece of equipment, only the operator may be exposed. For a grinder, the population exposed could differ according to the safety features of the equipment. If the grinder has a guard, only the operator might be injured through contact with the grinding wheel; on the other hand, if a grinder is without an adequate guard, shattering of the grinding wheel could injure other personnel in the immediate vicinity. Occupational Health - That multidisciplinary field of general preventative medicine which is concerned with the prevention and/or treatment of illness induced by factors in the workplace environment. The major disciplines involved are: occupational medicine, occupational health nursing, epidemiology, toxicology, industrial hygiene, and health physics. Occupational Medicine Services - Occupational medicine services shall include medical examinations and tests related to preemployment, preplacement, periodic, and pretermination; tests required for protecting the health and safety of naval personnel; job-related immunizations and chemoprophylaxis; education and training related to occupational health; and other medical services provided to avoid lost time or to improve employee effectiveness. Off-Duty - Applicable to DoD personnel. Such personnel are off-duty when they are not on-duty as defined below. On-Duty. DoD personnel are on-duty when:

a. Physically present at any location (area under the control of a DoD component) where they are to perform their officially assigned work. (This includes those activities


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incident to normal work activities that occur on DoD installations, such as lunch, coffee, or rest breaks, and all activities aboard vessels.)

b. Being transported by DoD or commercial conveyance for the purpose of performing officially assigned work. (This includes travel in private motor vehicles for performing official duty, but not routine travel to and from work).

c. Participating in compulsory physical training activities (including compulsory sports and command-sponsored activities during work hours).

d. Ready Reservists performing inactive duty training (drill) and are between departure and return home without diversion.

e. On temporary duty or temporary additional duty (TDY/TAD). Personnel on assignment away from the regular place of employment are covered 24 hours a day with respect to any injury that results from activities essential or incidental to the temporary assignment. However, when personnel deviate from the normal incidents of the trip and engage in activities, personal or otherwise, which are not reasonably incidental to the duties of the temporary assignment contemplated by the employer, the person ceases to be considered on-duty for reporting purposes of occupa-tional injuries or illnesses.

Operational Readiness Repair - A repair necessary to accomplish

ship’s mission. OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor. OSHAct - The Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (Stat. 1590 et seq., 29 U.S.C. 651 et seq.). OSHA Standards - OSHA standards are those standards issued by the Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration under Section 6 of the OSHAct.

Oxidizers - Any material that readily yields oxygen to support combustion. Oxygen Breathing Apparatus (OBA) - Respirator that provides the user with oxygen through a chemical reaction. OBA's are for emergency or damage control use only.


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Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere - Atmosphere with insufficient oxygen (O2) to support life. This deficiency is generally caused by oxidation, dilution, or by the displacement of oxygen by other gases. Examples: Oxidation can consume O2 either very quickly as in a fire or quite slowly as rusting in a confined space. Dilution/displacement of O2 may occur in one of three ways: (a) deliberately, as in suppressing a fire using carbon dioxide (CO2) or a halocarbon; (b) deliberately, as in inerting to prevent rusting or for inerting prior to hot work, using nitrogen (N2) or another inert gas; or (c) accidentally, as when a halocarbon solvent, such as "Freon"-113, is spilled and vaporizes in a confined space. Particulate Matter - Any fine solid or liquid particles such as dust, fog, fumes, mist, smoke or spray. Particulate matter suspended in air is commonly known as an aerosol. Permanent Partial Disability - An injury or occupational illness that does not result in death or permanent total disability but, in the opinion of competent medical authority, results in permanent impairment through loss, or loss of use, of any part of the body, with the following exceptions:

a. Loss of teeth.

b. Loss of fingernails or toenails.

c. Loss of tips of fingers or tips of toes (less than one joint).

d. Inguinal hernia, if it is repaired.

e. Disfigurement.

f. Sprains or strains that do not cause permanent limitation of motion. Permanent Total Disability - A nonfatal injury or occupational illness that, in the opinion of competent medical authority, permanently and totally incapacitates a person to the extent that he or she cannot follow any gainful occupation. NOTE:

The loss, or loss of use, of both hands, both feet, both eyes, or a combination of any of these parts of the body


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as a result of a single mishap, shall be considered as a permanent total disability.

Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) - The legally established time-weighted average (TWA) concentration or ceiling concentration of a contaminant or exposure level of a harmful physical agent that shall not be exceeded. Personal Information - Information exempt from release under exemption (b)(6) of the Freedom of Information Act. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - A device or item to be worn, used, or put in place for the safety or protection of an individual or the public at large, when performing work assignments or in entering hazardous areas or under hazardous conditions. Equipment includes hearing protection, respira-tors, electrical matting, barricades, traffic cones, lights, safety lines, and life jackets. Pesticide - Any chemical used to kill pests, such as insects. Examples: Baygon (propoxur), Killmaster (dursban), d-phenothrin, Malathion. Physiological Heat Exposure Limit (PHEL) - A set of curves that compare the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index and the degree of effort or work rate to determine the maximum permissible exposure to the heat stress environment. Potentially Hazardous Noise - Exposure to 85 dB (A-weighted) or greater sound level or 140 dB peak sound pressure level for impact or impulse noise. The safe exposure time (T) for periods of less than 16 hours in any 24-hour period may be determined using the equation found in chapter B4, appendix B4-B. Potentially Hazardous Noise Area

a. Any work area where the A-weighted sound level (continuous or intermittent) is routinely 85 dB or greater.

b. Any work area where the peak sound pressure level (impulse or impact noise) routinely exceeds 140 dB.

Private Motor Vehicle - A motor vehicle (not government owned), primarily designed for highway use to transport cargo or personnel over public streets or highways.


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Privileged Information - That information voluntarily provided under a promise of confidentiality or information which would not have been discovered otherwise, but for information voluntarily provided under a promise of confidentiality. The deliberative analyses of findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the SIB or command investigator in the report are privileged. Also privileged are calculations and deductions the SIB or investigator make that would reveal the board’s deliberative process. Report endorsements also are part of the deliberative process and are similarly privileged against disclosure.

Property Damage - DoD and civilian or foreign facilities, equipment, property, or material destroyed or made inoperable in a DoD mishap. The cost of environmental cleanup and restoration also shall be included in property damage costs. DoD expresses property damage severity in terms of cost. Protective Clothing - An article of clothing furnished to an employee at government expense and worn for personal safety and protection in the performance of work assignments in potentially hazardous areas or under hazardous conditions. Qualitative Fit Testing - A simple procedure of fitting an individual with a respirator face mask. Quantitative Fit Testing - Respirator fit test procedure involving the use of a special enclosure filled with sodium chloride mist or other chemicals, a sensor attached to the mask to be tested, and a monitoring device to detect leakage of the chemical into the mask. Radiation Safety Officer - An officer assigned by the commanding officer to be the technical manager of the radiation protection program. Rate of Exposure - The estimated number of hours per year that an average member of the exposed population is exposed to the cited hazardous condition. This figure should be an estimate by someone familiar with the work situation, based on the best available existing information. Special studies to obtain these data are not required. The estimate should be based on net working days per year (e.g., total working days per year minus leave and holidays. Usually, net working days is 40 hours per week and 50 weeks per year (e.g., 2,000 hours per year).


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For an exposure to a health hazard, the rate of exposure may be easily calculated if the individual works only at the operation in question. However, an employee will generally work in an area of potential exposure for a period of time and move to another location. If the transiency follows a predictable routine, the rate of exposure can be assessed by determining the degree of hazard at all work locations and eliminating those where the potential hazard is minimal. The rate of exposure to safety risks may also vary. As an example, in general traffic areas, the lack of a guard rail on platforms or hand rails on stair steps may create brief repetitive exposures to several people, including operators, inspectors, and occasional casual personnel. In such cases, calculate average use of the steps or the platforms to determine the rate of exposure. Recompression Therapy - Treatment to compress gas bubbles in the blood to a small volume to relieve local pressure and restart blood flow, allow sufficient time for gas bubble resorption, and increase blood-oxygen content and improve oxygen delivery to injured tissues. Recovery - The principle by which removal from noise allows the inner ear hair cells to regain their pre-noise exposed condition. Reference Hearing Test - A hearing test performed when an individual is not experiencing a temporary threshold shift in hearing or other transient otologic pathology. The resulting audiogram will be used as a reference in computing any possible future threshold shift. Normally, this reference audiogram will be the first performed for hearing conservation purposes. Respirator - Device used for protecting the respiratory tract from harmful contaminants.

Risk Assessment Code (RAC) - A simple expression of risk which combines the elements of hazard severity and mishap probability. This assessment will be used to help prioritize abatement projects. Safety - Freedom from those conditions that can cause death, injury, occupational illness, or damage to or loss of equipment or property. Safety Committee - Consists of the safety officer, chief master-at-arms (CMAA), and divisional safety petty officers. The


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committee identifies and discusses NAVOSH problems and makes recommendations to the Safety Council. Safety Council - Consists of the commanding officer, safety officer, training officer, all department heads, medical officer/representative and the ship's command master or senior chief petty officer. The Council develops specific NAVOSH policies and analyzes the progress of the overall program. Safety Data File - The computer file, developed as part of the HMIS, used to store the hazardous material characteristics relevant to their safe handling, use, and disposal. Safetygrams - A form submitted to the Naval Safety Center by personnel identifying a new or potential safety hazard or a near mishap.

Safety Investigation Board (SIB) - A formal investigating body appointed to determine the primary cause(s) mishaps. The board consists of a minimum of three members. The immediate superior in command (ISIC) of the ship or craft involved in the mishap normally appoints the senior member of the mishap investigation board. Safety Investigation Report (SIREP) - A message report that identifies deaths, injuries, or damage occurring in all mishap classes, the causal factors, and the recommended corrective actions to prevent similar mishaps. SOH - Safety and Occupational Health Safety or Health Professional - Persons who meet the Office of Personnel Management standards for Safety and Occupational Health Manager GS-018, Safety Engineer, GS-803, Safety Technician GS-019, Aviation Safety Officer GS-1825, Air Safety Investigating Officer GS-1815, Fire Protective Engineer GS-0804, Fire Protection Specialist/Marshall, GS-0081, Medical Officer GS-602, Health Physicist GS-1306, Industrial Hygienist GS-690, Occupational Health Nurse GS-610, Industrial Hygiene Technologist, or comparably qualified personnel as determined by appropriate Navy authority. Safety Stand-down - A period during which command's normal work is curtailed and a concerted effort is made to correct safety deficiencies or train personnel on safety.


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Safety Zone Inspection - A special zone inspection which specifically identifies safety hazards and deficiencies for baseline workplace surveillance. Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) - Breathing apparatus where compressed air is carried in a tank on the user's back. Serious Physical Harm - Permanent, prolonged, or temporary impairment of the body in which part of the body is made functionally useless or is substantially reduced in efficiency on or off the job. Illness could shorten life or significantly reduce physical or mental efficiency by inhibiting the normal function of part of the body. Examples of such illnesses are silicosis, asbestosis, hearing impairment, radiation exposure, and visual impairment. Sewage Disposal Operational Sequencing System (SDOSS) - Operating instructions for collection, holding and transfer (CHT) tanks tailored for each ship. Ship's Hazardous Materials List (SHML) - The SHML is the master HM authorized use list for surface ships. The list was developed to ensure only required HM is brought aboard ships and to prevent the introduction of unnecessary or unsafe HM. Significant Threshold Shift - A change of hearing threshold level of 15 dB or greater, in either ear, at any frequency (1,000 to 4,000 Hz) between the reference audiogram and any subsequent audiogram. Smoke - Carbon or soot particles less than 0.1 micrometer in size resulting from the incomplete combustion of carbonaceous materials such as coal or oil. Solvent - A substance, most commonly water, but often an organic compound which is used to dissolve another substance. Specific Hazard (Safety or Health) - A word or words constituting the distinctive designation of the cited hazard; for example, the name of the safety hazard might be "unguarded flywheel" or "lack of fire exit"; the name of the health hazard might be "asbestos fibers in the air," "mercury," or "noise." General terms are not acceptable for health hazards. For chemical hazards, the specific name of the dangerous chemical is required. As an example, if a solvent is being used, its chemical name (i.e., "trichloroethylene" must be given); the word "solvent" is not adequate. If more than one chemical is involved


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in the work operation, or a chemical mixture is being used, give the chemical name of the single most hazardous chemical involved. If the specific hazard is a chemical by-product or by-product mixture resulting from the work operation, give the chemical name of the single most hazardous by-product. For noise hazards, specify whether they are steady-state or impulse. When the cited health standard is one that details ventilation requirements for a particular type of operation, such as spray painting or arc-welding, the specific hazard name should be "insufficient ventilation to control ________." Terms such as spray paint, welding fumes, etc., are adequate only in cases relating to ventilation standards. Standard - A rule, established by a competent authority, which designates safe and healthful conditions or practices under which work must be performed to prevent injury, occupational illness, or property damage.

a. Criteria - Those parts of a standard that establish a measurable quality, i.e., specifications, inspection intervals, etc.

b. Equivalent Criteria - The measurement of equivalency shall be a judgment based on the preponderance of information available. Generally, they must provide protection at least as effective as the criteria they replace.

Submarine Hazardous Material Inventory and Management System (SHIMS) - SHIMS is a menu driven HM inventory and management tool for use aboard submarines. SHIMS allows submarines to be in full compliance with this instruction and applicable Atmospheric Control Requirements. It assists the operator in the systematic, positive control and management of HM.

Submarine Material Control List (SMCL) - The SMCL is a Navy data application that lists the authorized HM for use on submarines as established by reference B3-2. Substitution - The risk of injury or illness may be reduced by replacement of an existing process, material, or equipment with a similar item having a lower hazard potential. Supervisor - One who immediately directs the job efforts of a working group or individual. Survey - An examination of the condition of industrial hygiene and occupational health of a command. This examination is


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performed by industrial hygienists or technicians under the supervision of an industrial hygienist.

Surveys of Damages - A formal procedure relevant to admiralty claims and litigation. Only the Judge Advocate General may accept survey invitations from potential claimants, extend survey invitations to persons responsible for damage to naval property, or request representation of the United States by a marine surveyor. In no case shall any person involved in mishap investigating or reporting accept or offer an invitation for a survey of damages on behalf of the United States. In any instance of receipt of invitation to a survey, refer to chapter XII of the NAVJAGMAN and notify the Office of the Judge Advocate General, Admiralty Division (Code 31). Tender – A mobile intermediate maintenance and repair activity (i.e., AS Class ships). Threshold Limit Value (TLV) - An atmospheric exposure level under which nearly all workers can work without harmful effects. TLVs are established by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Time-Weighted Average (TWA) - The average concentration of a contaminant in air during a specific period of time, usually an 8-hour work day or a 40-hour work week. Toxic Material - A substance which when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin in sufficient amounts can produce harmful effects such as changes in living tissue, impairment of the central nervous system, severe illness or, in extreme cases, death. Transportation Data File - The computer file, developed as part of the HMIS used to store the hazardous material characteristics relevant to their safe transportation and handling. Underway - A vessel not made fast to the ground in any manner. She may or may not have way on (that is, she may be hove to), but she is free floating in the sea, subject to wind, currents, and of course her own propulsion system. Used Hazardous Material - Used HM is material that has been used in a shipboard process or maintenance action and for which there is no further, immediate use on board the ship possessing the material. Such material may ultimately be used on another ship, within the shore establishment, for the same purpose or a purpose


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other than that for which it was initially manufactured, or by commercial industry. Vapor (inorganic or organic) - The gaseous state of a substance which is normally a liquid or solid at room temperature.

Examples of substances that produce vapors: degreasers, fuels, hydraulic fluids, paints and thinners, and dry cleaning fluids. Variances - When and if a NAVOSH standard is found to be impossible to comply with, variances can be requested from the type commander, via the chain of command. Variance requests shall explain why compliance is impossible and describe actions taken to achieve the maximum degree of protection possible. Ventilation - The control of potentially hazardous airborne substances through the movement of air. Web-Enabled Safety System (WESS) - A web-based safety mishap data collection and reporting system developed for the Navy and Marine Corps by COMNAVSAFECEN. WESS provides a real-time data entry and retrieval system in a consolidated database. Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) Index - A measurement of environmental conditions (heat stress). Consists of a weighted average of dry-bulb, wet-bulb, and globe temperatures. Expressed in the following equation:

WBGT = (0.1 x dry-bulb) + (0.7 x wet-bulb) + (0.2 x globe temperature) WBGT Meter - Instrument used for measuring heat stress. Measures dry-bulb, wet-bulb and globe temperatures and integrates these values into the WBGT index. Workplaces

a. Applicable Workplaces and Operations - Navy workplaces and operations generally comparable to those of business and industry in the private sector.

b. Unique Military Equipment, Systems and Operations - Navy equipment and systems which are unique to the national defense mission. Examples include military aircraft, ships, submarines, and missiles; and includes operations that are uniquely military such as naval operations, flight operations, associated research


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test and development activities and actions required under emergency conditions. Workplace Monitoring - The evaluation of each Navy workplace to accurately identify and quantify all potential hazards. This will consist of internal command routine inspections and industrial hygiene surveys. Zone Inspections - Command inspections which ensure that proper measures are taken to keep machinery, spaces, and equipment operational, clean, and in a satisfactory state of preservation.

navy safety and occupational health (soh) program manual...

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