natural environment site review report

Appendix C

Natural Environment Site Review Report

SITE REVIEW REPORT warmé engineering and biological services

9502 Daignault Road, RR 1��Baltimore ON K0K 1C0

Phone: (905) 373-5736 Fax: (905) 342-5459

Email: [email protected] �

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To: Mr. Garry Pappin, C.E.T. Project Manager, TSH Whitby From: Mr. Rudi Warmé, Biologist Date: March 27, 2009 Re: Additional Trent River Crossing Environmental Assessment - Campbellford Municipality of Trent Hills, County of Northumberland Natural Environment Site Review Report (Update) Background The County of Northumberland is presently undertaking a Schedule “C” Environmental Assessment under the Province’s Municipal Class EA process to establish a plan to address the daily traffic congestion encountered at the single east-west bridge crossing of the Trent River in the Village of Campbellford. Alternative solutions are currently under public review and will be evaluated based on the opportunities to develop a sustainable solution to existing traffic conditions, maximize the return on investment in road/bridge infrastructure and improve emergency access while minimizing the potential impacts to the natural and social environment. The purpose of this report is to identify and document, through field investigation and review of existing background information, the current conditions of aquatic and terrestrial environment features that surround the proposed new/widened bridge. Should a decision to pursue a new bridge crossing result from the EA process the information contained in this document will provide important supporting information for the agencies that will be issuing permits for the construction. The Trent-Severn Waterway (TSW-Parks Canada) system utilizes the reach of the Trent River flowing through the centre of the Village as a navigation channel for boat traffic between Trenton and Rice Lake. The channel is under its jurisdiction. The navigation opening of the existing structure is very large at normal water level and it is assumed a permit under the Navigable Waters Protection Act will require a similar high level structure for any additional crossing (a 7.7 m high X 15.24 m wide navigation clearance has been identified). Given the necessary length of a proposed second structure a pier/multiple piers would be required at most candidate new structure locations.

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Natural Environment Site Review Report dated March 27, 2009 Additional Trent River Crossing Environmental Assessment Village of Campbellford, County of Northumberland

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warmé engineering and biological services

Study Area Description A preliminary site visit to the community was undertaken in early spring on March 27, 2008 to review the study area (see Figure 1, Attachment 1) and its major site features. More thorough site inspections were undertaken on June 13, 2008 to the alternative bridge locations within the core of the Village, and again on March 25, 2009 to review candidate crossing locations in the north of the community that were not reviewed in June of 2008 as well as several others south of Campbellford in the vicinity of Meyers Island. In the central core of the community roadways parallel the Trent River on both the east (Saskatoon Avenue) and west (Grand Road) sides in the primary study area where most of the new crossing alternatives under consideration are situated. The Ranney Falls Generating Station and associated locks are located two kilometres downstream on the outskirts of the community and control the water levels of the channel through Campbellford. Ferris Provincial Park is located on the east bank of the Trent River south of the Village. The existing bridge structure, resting on three in-water piers, links Bridge Street East and West through the community centre. Commercial structures are immediately adjacent to the existing two lane structure. Concrete shorewalls boarder the channel on the east and west sides and extending up and downstream. Approximately 1 km downstream of the existing bridge on the east side is a large concrete dam and several concrete piers remain across the River from a former CN Rail bridge. The surrounding topography in this area is flat and well drained. A small watercourse, Trout Creek, outlets on the west side of the River just upstream of the former rail crossing area. Figure 2 in Attachment 1 illustrates the bridge widening and new river crossing alternative locations that have been considered within the Village. Approximately four kilometres south of the community is the Hagues Reach Generating Station and Meyers Island. Several crossing locations have been considered in this area (see Figure 3). The more northerly of these crossing locations would cross Ferris Provincial Park along relatively undisturbed reaches of the river without human habitation. The more southerly crossings are located within or adjacent to residential areas, both on the island and along the east bank of the river. At all of these locations large sections of approach roadway would require clearing and new road construction/reconstruction. The Trent River is a warm water system from a fisheries perspective, and given its large size and the generally good water quality, it is able to support a wide range of fish species including a number of sport fish, the basses and walleye being particularly popular for fishermen. The Ministry of Natural Resources have identified the following sport fish species as resident in this reach of the Trent River: walleye, yellow perch, rock bass, smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, common carp, lake sturgeon and probably northern pike as well as forage fish species including bluegill, pumpkinseed, black crappie, golden shiner, common shiner, spottail shiner, Johnny darter, brook silverside, bluntnose minnow and log perch (personal communication, email from Dan Taillon dated June 23, 2008).

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Alternative Crossing Locations Two locations for new bridge crossings were considered several hundred metres to the north of the current bridge linking Garry Street or Church Street on the west bank with Market Street on the east side. At these locations the concrete shorewall extends past on the east bank and overbank vegetation behind the shorewalls is confined to lawns, domestic shrubs and occasional tree specimens (these are the backyards of residential homes). On the west bank at Garry it is vertical concrete shorewall with no bottom visible. Nothing remarkable can be identified as fish habitat features of significance aside from the partially naturalized west bank at Church Street; however, existing vegetation is dominated by Manitoba maples and a storm drain outlets here. It would appear that neither of these would be favoured locations for a new crossing due to major impacts to local residences. The Trent River is wide at this location. Multiple piers and possibly short causeways extending from the shoreline would be necessary to support a new bridge. Photos of these sites can be viewed in Attachment 2, Site Photographs, March 25/09. Widening or reconstruction of the existing bridge structure would probably require the widening of the existing piers. The moderate to poor quality fish habitat in the vicinity as a result of the hardened east and west river banks would never-the-less be impacted by the pier widenings. It appears the necessary demolition of several commercial buildings in the Village core, however, makes widening/reconstruction a less favourable alternative overall. Two similar crossing variations have been proposed to link Canrobert Street with River Street just one block south of the existing structure. This location is also within the shorewall section of river, offering similarly poor fish habitat variability to other candidate crossing sites within the Village. The river is narrow (less than 100 m) and deep at this location. A new bridge might possibly have a reduced in-water footprint since fewer piers and or bank intrusions may be required. Four crossing locations have been identified to the south of the community on Meyers Island and vicinity. As noted, any of the crossings selected would require a significant amount of new roadway construction and/or reconstruction and therefore would result in considerable terrestrial impact, particularly the three northern alternatives (1, 1A and 2 - see Figure 3). Tributary watercourses, wetland pockets and forested areas to the east and west of the main River would require new roadway crossings. The river reaches through these crossing locations provide significantly better fish habitat opportunities including vegetation shaded shallows along the natural shorelines, particularly at the three northerly crossings. At Crossing 2 at the north end of Meyer’s Island three separate waterbody crossings are proposed, with the westerly channels in particular possibly offering a variety of favourable spawning habitats. The southerly crossing (Alternative 3) is in the middle of a fully developed area of upscale cottage-homes lining both shorelines. Fish habitat quality appears very good in this area as well. None of these locations are preferable from a consideration of environmental impacts and the degree of mitigation required to reduce impacts to acceptable levels.

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Technically Preferred Alternative A technically preferred new bridge location has been proposed within the central urban area of the community to link Alma Street with Second Street, approximately 1 km downstream of the existing Bridge Street structure and surrounded by a mix of residential and commercial land uses (see Figure 4). The proposed new bridge crossing area is not within or adjacent to identified natural heritage features (provincially significant wetlands (PSWs), significant woodlands, areas of natural and/or scientific interest (ANSIs) or endangered species habitat). Its construction and subsequent operation will not affect natural environment features of Ferris Provincial Park located downstream on the east side beginning south of the water control structure. From the recent Figure 2 aerial photograph taken during the summer a narrow strip of vegetation can be observed along the overbanks (concrete shorewalls) of the Trent River, although this green area is at times extremely confined by the noted roadways that also parallel the River. The majority of this vegetation is manicured parkland with scattered mature hardwoods along the riverbanks. The River (the Trent-Severn Waterway in this reach) is approximately150 m wide from bank to bank. A current was evident at the time of the March visits; however, by June no flow could be detected. Concrete walls line both sides of the river as they do at most other candidate crossing locations, thus limiting the aquatic habitat quality. Just above Raglan Street the west bank becomes a more naturalized but very steep shoreline within the study area limits. At the mouth of Trout Creek, a tributary of the Trent River outletting just above the proposed bridge location, there is also a small area of natural shoreline with a short grass cover and cobbly bank on each side of the Creek mouth. The east bank at Alma Street is also the top end of the Rotary Riverfront Trail. A storm sewer outlets to the River here. The sewer outlet has been protected with armour stone for several metres upstream and downstream and the steep, 2 m high banks adjacent to Grand Road, which parallels the river are well vegetated. This is the location for the west terminus of the favoured bridge option with a connection to Second Street. A variation on this alternative identified a longer span structure aligned southeast to loop around and link with Doxsee Avenue South. This alignment would approach the east shoreline at Picnic Island Park, an urban park with manicured grass, formal trails, benches and a gazebo several hundred metres to the south of Saskatoon Avenue. Small groves of red pine, white ash, white birch and honeysuckle have been recently planted within the park along this alternative alignment. Kennedy Park, across the road and also newly established, is similar in appearance and would also be impacted by this alternative. What would appear to be the significant natural feature from a biological perspective within the preferred crossing location boundaries is Trout Creek. The Creek is sufficiently upstream of the crossing zone and therefore is unlikely to be affected by a new bridge. Although the name may suggest a resident cold water fish population, the lower reaches and particularly the several hundred metres of watercourse upstream of the outlet have been degraded over the years through extensive channelization and armouring of the streambanks with concrete walls, thus significantly limiting fish habitat quality. Streambed substrate at the mouth of the Creek was a stony/cobble mix, but by June of 2008 there was advancing growth of aquatic vegetation and significant quantities of

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filamentous algae. A new bridge can completely avoid interference at the mouth of Trout Creek. In the vicinity of the bridge preferred bridge location the east shore is 3 m + in depth along the retaining wall. The west shoreline does have some course substrate near to the shore but it drops to depth very quickly at the storm sewer outlet. There may be some limited forage fish spawning opportunities associated with the shallows at the mouth of Trout Creek as well as along the rock lined shoreline. The river banks through the Alma Street terminus area are covered in a mix of herbaceous species dominated by long grasses and large patches of poison ivy. Further downslope sumac and the occasional willow shrub were overtaking the ground cover. Blue flag iris was growing around the armour stones. On the east side between Saskatoon Avenue and the concrete shore wall a 5 -10 m strip of manicured grass extended from the road edge to a raised area of fill adjacent to the shore at the intersection with Second Street. This berm has been left to grow for some time and a variety of vegetation has taken hold amongst the grasses including elm saplings, honeysuckle, choke cherry, sumac, Manitoba maple and raspberry canes. Several metres to the south adjacent to Garshell Apartments is a small grove of maturing hardwoods including white ash, Norway maple and white birch. Much of this overbank vegetation would be lost. Water depth would be a limiting factor throughout the reach across the entire width of the River. Significant spawning habitats or other aquatic habitat features are unlikely to be encountered in the main Trent River channel in this location; however, to limit fish habitat impacts to an acceptable level, minimizing the number of required piers for a proposed new structure is desirable. For the most part non native botanical species dominate the site and there were several specimens of aggressive invasive species observed. No nationally rare or provincially rare botanical species (as defined by COSEWIC or COSSARO) were observed at the site, nor is it likely they might occur given the extent of earlier residential and commercial disturbance. Similarly, no regionally rare species were observed. Disruption of any localized wildlife movement in the vicinity will not be an issue with the proposed new bridge location, nor will there be issues with wildlife passage beneath any new structure. The urbanized setting discourages movement along the river banks for all but the smaller, urban wildlife forms (raccoons, skunks, squirrels, etc.) and these will continue to be easily accommodated. It is unlikely that turtles or other herptiles utilize the River corridor and particularly within the preferred location area where banks are either very steep or vertical concrete is adjacent to the water. There are no specialized habitats that might support rare species (see also next section – Species at Risk). Species at Risk (SAR) The proposed new watercourse crossing is within an area of southern Ontario that has been highly disturbed by historical development. Original forest cover has been long removed and much of the surface drainage has been altered to suit current urban environment surrounding the proposed new

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bridge site. As such, much of the original habitat for many species of plants and wildlife has been lost or altered. It should be noted that the species which have been designated as endangered represent extremely limited populations which have only been observed in a few specific localities, often many years ago. There is very little likelihood that any of the species identified may be present in the very limited type of habitat offered within the proposed crossing reach. None of these species were observed during either site visit. In order to comment on the possible presence of endangered and/or threatened species or those of special concern in the vicinity of the project a search of Environment Canada’s Species at Risk Web Mapping Application was undertaken. This database identified the possible presence of eleven species of animals and plants, including the (mammals) Grey Fox; (birds) Cerulean Warbler, Least Bittern; (reptiles) Blanding’s Turtle, Eastern Ribbonsnake, Milksnake, Northern Map Turtle, Stinkpot; (insects) Monarch Butterfly; (plants/trees) American Ginseng and Butternut. When the project proceeds to construction, the County of Northumberland will be required to ensure that these identified species will not be affected by this project. If they are found to be affected, the County will be required to contact Environment Canada/Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources for measures in which to mitigate any effects this project may have on these species. Proposed Works and Potential Impacts of Construction A multi span high level bridge has been proposed as a new structure at a preferred location several hundred metres downstream of the existing bridge where it will connect Second Street and Alma Street West. (A second variation spanning the River with a connection further south on the east side was also reviewed). With suitable mitigation measures in place this type of structure can be constructed over the waterway with minimal impacts to aquatic and adjacent riparian habitats and compensation measures may well improve local aquatic habitat function over the longer term. Short term construction impacts related to installation of pier(s) have the potential to result in significant in-water impacts (sedimentation, habitat destruction, flow interference, construction equipment related spills/contamination). Strict adherence to environmental control requirements identified for this and other phases of the work must be monitored to ensure compliance. By utilizing appropriate isolation and dewatering techniques it is anticipated that footing placement and pier construction can be accomplished with minimal harmful effects to the environment. The new structure approaches will be set back from the existing shoreline retaining walls and abutment and deck placement can be accomplished without disturbance to the watercourse (working from above to place bridge spans on the piers); however, a significant quantity of the existing vegetation cover along both shorelines will require removal accompanied by extensive excavation, backfilling for approaches and roadway embankment slope adjustments.

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Dewatering for foundations has the potential to introduce sediments to the waterway. Methods for isolating the construction from the active watercourse must be employed and suitable methods must be developed for reintroduction of dewatering effluent to the watercourse without impact. As previously discussed, there is a possibility, however remote, of one or several of the identified SAR species occurring at or near the watercourse crossing. Mitigation measures must consider this possibility. Recommended Mitigation Measures – Environmental Protection Plan An outline for an Environmental Protection Plan has been developed in order to build a framework to mitigate the impacts of the construction. A number of measures have been identified for implementation to address the anticipated stages of construction that have the potential to negatively effect the aquatic and terrestrial environment and will require management. The following will be major components of the Plan: An in-water construction timing window, set from July 1 through March 31, has been established by the Ministry of Natural Resources. The establishment of erosion/sediment controls will be necessary to enclose exposed ground to prevent migration of sediments towards the Trent River. Erosion control fencing should be placed along the River banks, around all ongoing construction activity areas as well as at adjacent locations where supplies or excavated materials and imported fills may be temporarily stored. Fencing is to be checked routinely for effectiveness and regularly cleared of silt accumulation to ensure the integrity of erosion prevention measures. Rock and/or straw bale flow checks are to be established along all drainage leading to the site and where internal flows are directed to the waterway. Removal of accumulated sediments will be a necessary component of regular maintenance. Areas of exposed soil, especially the new bridge approach embankments that cannot be immediately stabilized with the final slope treatment are to be immediately treated with straw mulch, erosion blanket, sod or hydroseed, depending on the specific circumstances. Pier and footing construction activities would best be accomplished by employing a dewatering methodology that involves complete isolation of the worksite – temporary sheet pile cofferdams around the pier location(s) in order to completely separate River flows from work activity areas. Fish removal may be necessary when the initial dewatering is undertaken. Effluent from the pier construction area(s) should ideally be directed over grassed areas where locally available; however, this procedure is unlikely given the distances involved. Presumably a barge mounted crane will be necessary to assist in pier construction and effluent may be pumped to temporary holding tanks before release. Filter bags may necessarily be attached to pump outlets to prevent sedimentation of the adjacent waterbody. Any removal of the major trees and shrubs should be undertaken before the onset of the avian breeding season, as per the federal Migratory Birds Act, although there are no large specimen trees

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at the shoreline areas (exception, southeast quadrant at Second/Saskatoon). In the event this is not possible, a qualified individual must inspect the vegetation areas to be removed to provide assurance that they do not contain active nests of any of the avian species covered by the Migratory Birds Act. Tree cutting will only be permitted after August 1 and before April 1 to prevent destruction of migratory bird nests. Clearing of vegetation along the river banks and bridge approach ROW must be kept to the minimum required to safely and efficiently undertake the work. Snow fencing must be utilized to protect existing vegetation and to delineate areas not to be disturbed by construction activities. Operating, refuelling and maintenance of construction equipment and the handling and storage of toxic materials (e.g., fuel, lubricants, form oils, paints, wood preservative, and other chemicals) must be carried out in such a way as to avoid contamination of soils, groundwater and surface waters. Temporary materials and equipment storage locations must be located a minimum of 30 m from the waterway. Measures must be in place to reduce the risk of spills and to minimize impacts of accidental spills during construction including a contingency plan ready for immediate implementation. In addition, there must be adequate measures to prevent or capture and contain any debris and spills resulting from construction activities. All such measures and procedures will conform to pertinent provincial requirements. Concrete leachate is alkaline and highly toxic to fish and aquatic life and measures must be taken to prevent any incidence of concrete or concrete leachate from entering the watercourse. All cast-in-place concrete, grout, mortars, etc. should be totally isolated from precipitation and the waterbody for a minimum 48 hour period or until significantly cured to allow the pH to reach neutral levels. The wash-down water from concrete delivery trucks, concrete pumping equipment, and other tools and equipment required must not be allowed to enter any waterbody and should be contained in a suitable manner and location. For Species at Risk, proponents must comply with Section 32(1) of the Species at Risk Act, which states “No person shall kill, harm, harass, capture or take an individual of a wildlife species that is listed as an extirpated species, an endangered species or a threatened species”. Should the Contractor encounter a species at risk at any time during the project they should cease work and contact Environment Canada, Environmental Assessment Unit, Ontario Region, (905) 336-4950 (federal lands) or the local office of the Ministry of Natural Resources (Peterborough 705-755-2000) to discuss management options to minimize, reduce or control adverse effects, and design compensatory mitigation and environmental effects monitoring if required, to avoid destruction, injury or interference with the species, its residence and/or its habitat (e.g. through site, timing or design changes). A Site Restoration and Enhancement Plan should be developed in order to restore the bridge construction site upon completion of the fabrication and to enhance terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Enhancement of the new pier location(s) is proposed to compensate for the loss of fish habitat anticipated from the pier construction. A river stone mix, with large field stones forming the base

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and gradually smaller diameter stones placed to within 1.5 m from the normal water surface elevation will provide spawning opportunities for forage fish as well as feeding locations for the larger sport fish. Similar enhancements to the existing abandoned railway piers could be undertaken should additional measures be required by DFO. Following the construction suitable areas of the right-of-way bridge approaches should be replanted with site-appropriate indigenous trees and shrubs. Landscape trees should be as large as is economically feasible. On remaining areas of disturbed ground not calling for trees and shrubs, permanent seeding should be undertaken utilizing a native seed mix as much as possible (suggestion: 25% Canada Wild Rye (Elymus canadensis), 25% Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), 25% Big Blue Stem (Andropogon getardii), 15% Little Blue Stem (Schizachyrium scoparium), 10% Tall Mana Grass (Glyceria grandis)). Cumulative Effects A cumulative effects review was undertaken following the principles of identification of environmental elements, identification of potential impacts and consideration of factor interactions on significant site features (fish, wildlife, vegetation, SAR) to ascertain the residual and cumulative effects associated with the new bridge project. The results of this review determined both the residual and cumulative effects to be negligible as described below. Based on the mitigation/compensation measures proposed, the project is not expected to result in residual adverse environmental effects. Furthermore, Northumberland County will be undertaking the necessary mitigation/compensation measures in consultation with applicable provincial and federal agencies to ensure that no residual environmental effects result from this project.

Aquatic Habitat (fish and fish habitat) The project is not anticipated to result in significant cumulative effects to aquatic habitat. Aquatic habitat is confined to the Trent River, which has a single bridge crossing several hundred metres upstream of the proposed new bridge. While there will be a direct impact at the site due to new bridge construction, there will also be a new benefit to fish habitat with the provision of compensation in the vicinity. No significant adverse cumulative effects to aquatic habitats are therefore anticipated.

Terrestrial Habitat (vegetation, wildlife, SAR) The project is not anticipated to result in significant cumulative effects to terrestrial habitat. There will be very minor vegetation removal to accommodate the bridge works. The removal of vegetation will minimally affect the local urban terrestrial habitat for only a limited period and it will not affect the regional composition of wildlife habitat or significant vegetative features in the area. Replanting plans are in place for any significant tree removals and riparian plantings will mitigate vegetation removals near the new structure. No significant adverse cumulative effects are therefore anticipated.

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Water Quality (groundwater, surface water and hydrology) The project is not anticipated to result in significant impacts on water quality given the limited amount of additional paved surface, the normal volumes of water flowing or residing in the area, the effective management of salt application, spill contingencies and the implementation of best management practices for bridge related stormwater. Therefore, no significant adverse cumulative effects to water quality are anticipated.

Next Steps Should the new bridge plan move forward with public approval it will be necessary to obtain certain approvals and permits from environmental regulatory agencies for the construction phase. Since the bridge crossing is located on the Trent-Severn Waterway, no Conservation Authority approvals will be required. A formal Authorization for the Harmful Destruction of Fish Habitat (a “DFO Authorization”) must be negotiated since it is likely that a HADD (harmful alteration, disturbance or destruction of fish habitat) will be determined. Since the work site is on the Trent-Severn Waterway, a federally regulated historical canal, the DFO approval is negotiated through Parks Canada, the Waterway managers. Additional environmental protection legislation includes the Province’s Permit to Take Water and the federal Navigable Waters Protection Act, both of which will require the obtaining of permits for this project. Federal regulatory requirements also trigger the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (CEAA), a separate EA process with slightly differing reporting requirements from the Province’s legislation. CEAA considers other federal environmental legislation including the Migratory Birds Protection Act and the Species at Risk Act (as well as the Fisheries Act and the Navigable Waters Protection Act) in its assessment of projects. The documentation that has been prepared will support aspects of the reporting requirements of all agencies.

Per: _________________________ Rudi Warmé Attachments

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• Significant property acquisition required for roadwaylbridge construction- Altemate Alignment #1 would have a major negative impact on Ferris Provincial Park

Crossing structure costs comparable or higher than preferred crossing location- Roadway construction costs higher than preferred crossing location- Remote location to downtown Campbellford would nesult in minimal diversion of traffic

from existlng Campbellford Bridge crossing location- Establishment of a southerly bridge crossing alignment would create a by-pass route for

external-external (through) traffic and would have a negative effect on all Campbellfordbusinesses

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EVALUATION OF SOUTHERLY BRIDGE CROSSING

ADDITIONAL TRENT RIVER BRIDGE CROSSINGENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

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Additional Trent River Bridge Crossing EA, County of Northumberland Natural Environment Site Review Photos – March 25, 2009

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Typical views of the Meyers Island south crossing shoreline looking north (above) and south (below)


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Top end of Meyers Island just below the dam (above) and view of east navigation channel (below)


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Crossing zone located north of the dam and below the 5th Line crossing. The river is very wide at this location


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The west shoreline is low rock ledges (above) while the east shore is marshland (below)


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At the 5th Line alignment crossing zone the east shoreline is natural (above), although a beach and picnicking facilities are just upstream (below)


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The east shoreline at the 5th Line is a low bedrock ledge

Looking south along the wooded west shoreline zone


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The east shore at Garry Street is fully developed with residential homes (above). A vertical concrete shore wall runs the length of the potential crossing area (above and below) forming the east and west banks


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Looking across the river at the residential homes along the east shoreline at Church Street. The concrete shorewall extends through this area as well


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The west shoreline at Church Street is more naturalized (above), although a storm sewer outlets at the south end (below)

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