(natural) boiling point: -252.77 c freezing point: 0 c melting point: -259.2 c atomic number: 1...

The Periodic Table of the Elements1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 181 2

1 H He1.008 4.003

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 102 Li Be B C N O F Ne

6.941 9.102 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.1811 12 13 14.01 16 16 17 18

3 Na Mg Transition Metals Al Si P S Cl Ar22.99 24.31 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.95

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 364 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

39.1 40.08 44.96 47.90 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.70 63.55 65.39 69.72 72.59 74.92 78.96 79.9 83.837 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 98 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3

55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 866 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn

132.9 137.3 138.9 178.5 180.9 183.9 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.6 204.4 207.2 209.0 209 210 22287 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112

7 Fr Ra Ac Rf Ha Sg Ns Hs Mt223 226 227 261 262 263 262 265 266

Inner Transition Elements58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

7 Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Lanthanides140.1 140.9 144.2 145 150.4 152.4 157.3 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.0 175.0

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 1038 Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Actinides

232.0 231 238.0 244 242 243 247 247 251 252 257 258 259 260

Main Group Metals Transition Metals Inner Transition Metals Nonmetals Metalloids

atomic masses in red are the mass numbers of the most stable isotope

Design by Dmitri Mendeleev, a Russian, and Lothar Meyer, a German, who independently, and almost simultaneously, came up with the same way of organizing the chemical elements. Mendeleev is generally given more credit, since he was bold enough to use his table to predict the properties of elements yet to be discovered.

The table gets a big twentieth century helping hand from Henry G.J. Moseley, a 26 year old graduate student of Rutherford's in 1913, who discovered a way to use x-rays to measure the nuclear charge (the # of protons in an atom). This led to the 20th century discovery that the elements in the table are organized by the number of protons (atomic number). Tragically, Moseley was killed the next year in World War I.

(natural)

Boiling Point: -252.77 C Freezing Point: 0 CMelting Point: -259.2 C Atomic Number: 1Atomic Mass: 1.00797 H

This element was founded by Henry Canvendish in 1776. It was confused with other gases until Cavendish demonstratedin 1776.

It is used for the inflation of balloons. When hydrogen is mixed with air or oxygen it ignites.

USES

FOUND MIXED WITH GASES.

Hydrogen

Periodic Table

HEBoiling point:-268.9Melting point:-272.2

Freeze point::20

Atomic number:2

Atomic symbol:He

Atomic mass:4.0026

Helium(Natural)

This Element was discovered Pierre Janssen in 1868.

USES

Helium is used to pressurize and stiffen the rocketengines.

Periodic Table

LI Boiling Point:1342 CMelting Point:181 CFreezing Point:Not available.

Atomic Number: 3Atomic Mass: 6.941Atomic Symbol:LI

Lithium(Man made)

This element was discovered by Johann A. Arfvedson in 1817.

USESLithium is used for bonding carbon dioxide in the ventilatorsystems of spacecraft and submarines. Also the hydride is usedto inflate lifeboats and its heavy hydrogen is used in making the hydrogen bomb.

Periodic Table

BEBoiling Point: 3000 CMelting Point: 1287 CFreezing Point: NotAvailable

Atomic Number: 4Atomic Mass: 9.012Atomic Symbol: BE

Beryllium(Natural)

This element was discovered by Louis Nicolas Vauquelin in 1797.

USESBeryllium is used for important use in so-calledmultiplexing systems.

Periodic Table

B Boiling Point:3650 CMelting Point: 2180 CFreezing Point: Notavailable

Atomic Number: 5Atomic Mass: 10.81Atomic Symbol: B

Boron(Natural)

This element was discovered by Joseph Gay-Lussie,BaronLouis Thenard and Sir Humphry Davy.

USESBoron is used for bone health in humans and other vertebrates.It is also used in instruments designed to detect and count slow.

Periodic Table

C Boiling Point: Not AvailableMelting Point: NotAvailable

Freezing Point: NotAvailableAtomic Number: 6Atomic Mass:12.011

Carbon(Man Made)

This element was discovered by several scientists in 1985. Scientists vaporized graphite to produce a stable form of carbon molecules.

USES

Carbon is used to remove oxygen from metal.

Periodic Table

N Boiling Point: -195.79 CMelting Point: -210.01 CFreezing Point: 0 C

Atomic Number: 7Atomic Mass: 14.007

Nitrogen(Natural)

This element was discovered by Antoine Laurent Lavoisier in1772.

USES

Nitrogen is used in the chemical industry and obtainedby the fractional distillation of liquid air.

Periodic Table

O Boiling Point: 182.96 CMelting Point: 218.4 CFreezing Point: 0 C

Atomic Mass: 16.00 Atomic Number: 8

Oxygen(Natural)

This element was discovered in 1774 by Joseph Priestely.

USES

This element is used for welding torches and is used for patents.

Periodic Table

F Boiling Point: -188.13 CMelting Point:-219.61 CFreezing Point: 0 C

Atomic Mass: 19.00Atomic Number:9

Flourine(Natural)

This element was discovered in 1886 by Henry Moissan.

USESIt is used to destroy the ozone layer.

Periodic Table

NeBoiling Point:-246.08 CMelting Point:-248.6 CFreezing Point:0 C

Atomic Mass: 20.18Atomic Number: 10

NeonThis element was discovered in 1898 by Sir William Ramsay.

USESNeon is used in neon lights and advertising.

Periodic Table

NABoiling Point:883 CMelting Point:98 CFreezing Point:0 C

Atomic Mass:22.99Atomic Number:11

Sodium(Natural)

This element was discovered in 1807 by Sir Humphrey Davy.

USESSodium is used as a cooling agent in nuclear reactors.

Periodic Table

MGBoiling Point: 1107 CMelting Point: 649 CFreezing Point: NotAvailable

Atomic Number: 12 Atomic Mass: 24.31

Magnesium(Natural)

This element was discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1808.

USESMagnesium is used in medicine and effervescent beverages.

Periodic Table

ALBoiling Point - 2467cMelting Point - 660c

Atomic Number - 13Atomic Mass - 26.9815

Aluminum( Natural )

This element was discovered in 1825 by Hans Oersted in Denmark.

USES

Aluminum is used in cooking utensils, railroad cars, cars, and to build aircraft,

Periodic Table

SIBoiling Point - 42571fMelting Point - 2570f


Silicon ( Natural )

This element was discovered in 1823 by Baron Jons Jakob Berzelius.

USES

Silicon is used in the steel making industry as a constitute of Silicon steel, and in the making of cores of electrical transformers.

Periodic Table

P Boiling point-536 f

Melting point-111.4f

Atomic Number-15

Atomic Mass-30.974

Phosphorus(natural)

This element was discovered by Hennig Brand in 1669 when he was trying to turn silver into gold.

USES

Phosphorus is used in fertilizers, rat poison, and in the red part of matches. Periodic Table

SBoiling Point- 832.3F

Melting Point- 239.38F

Atomic Number- 16

Atomic Mass- 32.064

Sulfer (Natural)

This element was discovered in the prehistoric time and mentioned in the bible.

USES

It is used in matches, rubber, gunpowder, sulfa drugs, and skin ointments.

Periodic Table

Boiling Point -29.29f

Melting Point -149.8f

Atomic Number-17

Atomic Mass-35.453

Chlorine(Natural)

CL

This Element was discovered in 1774 by Humphry Davy.

USES:

It was the first substance used as a poison gas in World War 1.

Periodic Table

ARBoiling Point-98Melting Point - NONE

Atomic Number-18Atomic Mass-39.948

Argon( Natural)

This element was discovered in 1894 by WilliamRamsey.

USES:

This element is used in neon lamps that gives a red or blue light.

Periodic Table

KBoiling Point - 1408fMelting Point - 145f


Potassium( Natural)

This element was discovered in 1807 by Sir Humphry Davy.

USES:

It is used in photelectric cells in matches, fireworks, dyeing, leathertanning.

Periodic Table

CABoiling Point- 2703

Melting point- 1542

Atomic Number- 20

Atomic Mass- 40.08

Calcium(Natural)

This element was discovered by Sir Humphry Davy in 1808.

Uses:It is used in copper, nickel, and stainless steel.

Periodic Table

SCBoiling Point - 5137fMelting Point - 2806f


Scandium( Natural )

This element was discovered in 1879 by a Swedish chemist LarsFredrik.

USES

No uses found.

Periodic Table

TIBoiling Point - 5949fMelting Point - 3020f


Titanium( Natural )

This element was discovered in 1791 by William Gregor.

USES

This element is used in aluminum.

Periodic Table

VBoiling Point - 6116fMelting Point - 3434f


Vanadium( Natural )

This element was discovered in 1801 by Andres Manuel Del Rio andwas rediscovered in 1830 by Nils Gabriel Sefstrom.

USESThis element is used in hardness, alloys, and plantinum.

Periodic Table

CRBoiling Point-4842 fMelting Point-3375 f


Chromium(Natural)

USES

This element was discovered by a French chemist named Louis Nicolas Vanquelin in 1797.

Chromium is used in alloys, iron, nickle, and cobalt.

Periodic Table

MNBoiling Point - 3564fMelting Point - 2271f


Manganese( Natural )

This element was discovered in 1774 by Johan Gottlicp Gahn.

USES

Manganese is used in copper tin, zinc, dry cell battery, paint, and varnisncils for collecting glash.

Periodic Table

FEBoiling Point - 4982fMelting Point - 2795f


Iron( Natural )

This element was discovered in4000B.C. by Egypt people.

USES

This element is used in cars, wrought iron, and castiorn steel.

Periodic Table

Melting point- 2723 Boiling point-5,198 CO


CobaltColor, silvery Structure:

Rock formed

It was discovered by George Brandt in 1735

Uses:unknown

(Natural)

Periodic Table

NIBoiling Point-2730Melting Point-1455


Nickel(Man made)Color, Silvery

Structure:Unknown

This element was discovered by Baron Axel and found in 1751

UsesUsed to make nickels

Periodic Table

CUBoiling point-4753Melting point-1981

Atomic number-29Atomic mass-63.546

CopperColor, goldish

(natural)Structure:Unknown

The person who discovered copper . It does not say!

USES

It is used in things that involve electrity.Periodic Table

ZNBoiling Point: 1665Melting Point: 788


ZincColor, Silvery (Natural) Structure:

Rock Form

This element was discover by Andreas Sigismund Marggraf

uses

It is 5% of the worlds porducktion Periodic Table

GAGallium

Boiling point-4357

Melting point-86

Atomic number-31

Atomic mass-69.72

Color, Bluish Gray (Natural)

This element was discovered by Paul Emile Leeog de

UsesUnknown

Periodic Table

GEBoiling point-5126Melting point-1719


GermaniumColor, grayish white (natural)

This element was discovered by Dmitry Nanovich.

Uses

It was used in world war 2.Periodic Table

ASBoiling point-Non-AMelting point-Non-A


Arsenic( man made)

Color,green

This element was discovered by not avalable

UsesFor making glasses.

Periodic Table

SEBoiling point-1265

Melting point-423

Atomic number-34

Atomic mass-78.96

SeleniumColor,yellowish

This element was discovered by berzelivs-son jacob, Baron

Uses:

Unknown

(natural)

Periodic Table

BRBoiling point-137.8

Melting point-18.95Atomic number-35

Atomic mass-79.9

BromineColor,redish brown

This Element was discovered by Antoine jerome Balard in 1826

Uses:

Unknow

(Natural)

Periodic Table

KRBoiling point-244.03

Melting point-250.98Atomic number-36

Atomic mass-83.8

Color,orange redKrypton(Natural)

This Element was discovered by Norman Foster, Ramsey in 1962

Uses:For the earthes atmasfear

Periodic Table

RBBoiling point-1267

Melting point-102

Atomic number:37

Atomic Mass: 85.468

Color, redRubidium

(Natural)

This element was discovered by Robert Wilhelm Busen

Uses

Tea, Tobacco , Coffee, and other plants.

Periodic Table

SRBoiling Point:2523Melting point-1416


Strontium

Color silvery

(natural)

uses

This element was discovered in 1790

unknownPeriodic Table

Boiling point-6040

Melting point-2772Atomic number-39Atomic mass-88.91

Color silvery

uses

unknown

(natural)

YYttrium

This was discovered by

Periodic Table

ZRBoiling point-7911Melting point-3362

Atomic number 40Atomic mass 91.22

zirconiumColor, Bluish black (natural)

This Element was discovered by Martin Heinrich.

Uses:

The uses were for vacuum tubes, steel, and porcelain.

Periodic Table

NBNBAtomic Number-41Atomic mass-92.906

Boiling Point-5127 CMelting Point-2468 C

Niobium(Natural)

Found in crustalrock.

Burns when heatedin air.

This Element was discovered in 1801 by Charles Hatchet. Found mainly in Nigeria and the Democratic Republic of

Congo.

USES

This element is used for nuclear power plants and stainless steel.

Periodic Table

MOBoiling point-4640 CMelting point-2610 C


Molybdenum (Man Made)

Silvery,white,tough

It’s a metal.

This element was discovered in1778 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele.

USES

In soils it helps contribute to the growth of plants. Used in alloying

steel, for air crafts and structural work. It serves as electrodes inglass furnaces.

Periodic Table

TCAtomic Number-43

Atomic Mass-98

Melting Point-2200 CBoiling Point-4567 C

Technetium(Man made)

This element was discovered in 1937 by Emilo Segre and Carlo Perrier by bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons.

USES

Technetium is used for imaging medicines.

Periodic Table

RUBoiling Point-3900 CMelting Point-2310 CFreezing Point- -263 C


Ruthenium

Ruthenium was discovered in 1844 by Karl Karlovich Klaus

USES

Ruthenium is used for the tips of pens and in the manufacture of jewelry.

Grayish white metal.

Superior to Platinumin resistance to attack by acids.

(Natural)

Periodic Table

RHBoiling Point-3727CMelting Point-1966 C


Rhodium(Natural)

Silvery white metal.

Very durable.

This element was discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston.

Rhodium is used in mirror surfaces, as plating finish in jewelry and silverware and as a black pigment for porcelain.

USES

Periodic Table

PDBoiling point-2970 CMelting point-1554 C


PalladiumRare silvery white soft metal.

Fuses and welds easily.

(Natural)

This element was discovered by William Hyde Wollaston.

It is used for nonmagnetic springs in clocks and watches. Used in jewelry, for special in mirrors, and alloyed with gold it forms

white gold. Also used in Canadian nickel.

USES

Periodic Table

AGBoiling Point-2212 CMelting Point-962 C


Silver(Natural)

Not Chemically active.

Eggs tarnish it quickly.

Harder than gold yet softer than copper.

Date of discovery is unknown. Silver mines were probably workedin Asia before 2,500 B.C.

USESSilver is used to coat smooth glass surfaces for mirrors, aluminum has

replaced this though. It is also used in jewelry and used to be used in coins.

Periodic Table

CDBoiling Point-1409 CMelting Point-321 C


CadmiumBurns bright when heated.

USES

This element is used for coating metals and is used in batteriesthat are used for specialized purposes.

Periodic Table

INBoiling Point-2080 CMelting Point-157 C


IndiumSilvery white soft metal.

(Natural)

Discovered by Hieronymus Theodor Richter and FerdinandReich.

USESThis element is used in nuclear reactors control rods, and is found in

certain zinc blends, tin, and iron ores.

Periodic Table

SNAtomic Number-50

Atomic Mass-118.69Boiling Point-2260 CMelting Point-232 C

TinSilvery white metal. Forms stannic acidwhen heated in air.

Discovery date is unknown and who discovered it is also unknown.It is found in Malaysia, Brazil, Indonesia, Thailand, Bolivia, Australia,

and America.

USESTin is used in hundreds of industrial processes throughout the world.It is also used as a protective coating for copper vessels, and various

metals used in the manufacture of tin cans.

Periodic Table

SBBoiling Point-1750 CMelting Point-630 C


AntimonyBluish white brittle semimetal.

(Natural)This element was probably discovered in 1450 but was certainly

discovered in 1600. It is mined in China, France, Italy,Japan, Mexico,and Western United States.

USESAntimony is used in certain medicines, as a yellow pigment in glass

and porcelain, used for bronzing steel, and as a mordent in dying.

Periodic Table

TEBoiling Point-1390 CMelting Point-630 C


Tellurium(Natural)

Silvery white semimetal.

A gravity of6.25.

This element was discovered in 1782 by Franz Joseph Muller Von Reichenstein.

USESTellurium is used in the manufacture of rectifiers and thermoelectric devices. With organic substances it is used for natural and synthetic

rubber, in antiknock compounds for gasoline, and as an impart forblue tints in glass.

Periodic Table

IBoiling Point-185 C

Melting Point-113.6 CAtomic Number-53

Atomic Mass-126.905

Iodine Chemically active.Blue black solid.

(Natural)

This element was first isolated from seaweed in 1811 by BernardCourteous.

USES

Iodine is used in medical use and without this, stunted growthand conditions like goiter can happen. It is also used in photography,

making dyes, and in cloud seeing operations.

Periodic Table

XEBoiling Point-108.1 CMelting Point-111.8 C

Atomic-Number-54Atomic Mass-131.29

XenonColorless and

odorless.

This element was discovered in 1898 by Sir William Ramsey andMorris Travers.

USES

Xenon is used in lighting high-speed photographic tubes.

Periodic Table

CSBoiling Point: 1236 FMelting Point: 82 F


Cesium( Natural )Color, White

Structure, Not available

Cesium was discovered in 1860 by the German chemists Robert WilhelmBunsen and Gustav Robert Kirchhoff through the use of a spectroscope.

USES: Cerium is used to remove residual oxygen from radio vacuum tubes. Thus it is used in televisions, radios, and computers.

Periodic Table

BABoiling Point: 2984 FMelting Point: 1337 F


BariumColor: Soft, Silvery

( Natural )Structure: Not available

This element was discovered in 1808 by the English scientist Sir Humphrey Davy.

USES: Barium is sometimes used in coating electricalconductors in electronic apparatus and in automobile ignition systems.

Periodic Table

LABoiling Point: 6267 FMelting Point: 1684 F

Atomic Number:57Atomic Mass: 138.91

Lanthanum( Natural )

Color, Metallic Structure, not available

This element was discovered by the Swedish chemist Carl Gustav Mosander in 1839.

USES: Lanthanum is used in optical glass and cigarette flints.

Periodic Table

CEBoiling Point: 6229 FMelting Point: 1468 F

Atomic Number : 58Atomic Mass : 140.12

CeriumColor: Soft, Gray Structure: Not available

( Natural )

Cerium was discovered in 1803 by the Swedish chemists, Baron Jons Jakob Berzelius and Wilhelm Hisinger, in the same year it was also discovered independently by the German chemist Martin Heinrich.

USES: Cerium is used in small quantities in the manufacturing of glass, ceramics, arc-lamp, electrodes,and photoelectric cells.

Periodic Table

PRBoiling Point: 6368 FMelting Point: 1708 F


Praseodymium( Natural )Color: Silvery Structure: Not available

Extracted from Neodymium

Praseodymium was discovered in 1885 by the German chemist, Carl Auervon Welsbach.

USES: This element is used in magnesium alloys and in misch metal, an alloy used for cigarette-lighter flints and as a deoxidizer in alloys andvacuum tubes.

Periodic Table

NDNeodymium

( Natural )

Boiling point: 5565 FMelting point : 1870 F

Atomic Number : 60Atomic Mass:144.24

Color, Silvery Structure:Not Available

Extracted From Praseodymium

This element was discovered in 1885 by the Austrianchemist, Baron Carl Aver Von Welsbach.

USES: Neodymium is used in the screens of color televisions.Periodic Table

PMPromethium

Boiling Point: 5432 FMelting Point: 1908 F

Atomic Number: 61Atomic Mass: 145

Color, RadioactiveMetallic element

( Natural )Structure, Not available

Promethium was isolated in 1945 by scientists at the nuclearresearch laboratory at Oak Ridge, Tennessee by the American chemists Charles DuBois Coryell, Jacob A. Marinsky, andLawrence E. Glendenin.

USES: Promethium is used in atomic batteries and as a beta-particlesource in thickness gauges.

Periodic Table

SMBoiling Point: 3261 FMelting Point: 1965 F


Samarium

Color, White Structure, Not available

( Natural )

This element was discovered by the French chemist P.E Locoq de Boisbaudran in 1879.

USES: Samarium oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclearreactors.

Periodic Table

EUBoiling Point: 2781 FMelting Point: 1512 F


EuropiumColor, Silvery Structure, Not available

( Natural )

Europium was discovered in 1896 by the French chemist, Eugene Demorcay.

USES: This element is used in the screen of a color television, and when bombarded with electrons, produces the color red.

Periodic Table

GDBoiling Point: 5923 FMelting Point:2395 F

Atomic Number: 64Atomic Mass, 157.25

Gadolinium( Natural )

Color: Silvery, White Structure: Unknown

This Element was discovered in 1880, By a Swiss Chemist JeandeMarignec.

Uses:It is used as a component of control rods in nuclear reactors.

Periodic Table

TBAtomic Number: 65Atomic Mass: 158.925

Boiling Point: 5846 FMelting Point: 2473 F

Terbium( Natural )

Color, Metallic Structure, Not available

Terbium was discovered in 1843 by the Swedish chemist Carl Gustav Mosander.

USES: Terbium is used in refactory materials, and electronic apparatus.

Periodic Table

DYDysprosium

(Natural)

This element was discovered in 1886 by Paul Erile Locoq deBoisbaudran. UsesHe separated one of its compounds from an oxide ofHolmium.It is sometimes used to control rods of nuclear reactors.

Boiling point:4653Melting point:2574

Atomic Number:66Atomic Mass:162.5

Color,yellow or yellow green

Structure:A high magnetic susceptibility

Periodic Table

HOBoiling Point:4892 FMelting Point: 2683 F

Atomic Number:67Atomic Mass: 164.93

Holmium( Natural )

Color, Silvery Structure:Not Available

This element was discovered in 1878 by the Swiss chemists, JacquesLouis Soret, and Marc Delafontaine. It was also independently discovered by Per Teodor Cleve in 1879.

USES: Holmium is used in some electronic devices and as a catalyst in industrial chemical reactions.

Periodic Table

ERBoiling Point: 5194 FMelting Point: 2784 F


Erbium

Color: Bright, Silvery Luster

( Natural )Structure: Not available

Erbium was discovered in 1843 by the Swedish chemist, Carl GustavMosander.

USES: Erbium is used in experimental optical amplifiers that amplifylight signals sent along fiber-optic cables.

Periodic Table

Boiling Point-3542

Melting Point-2813 TMAtomic Number-69

Atomic Mass-165.934

Thulium(Natural)

Color, Silvery-gray MetallicColor, Silvery-gray Metallic Structure:Structure:Soft, malleable ductileSoft, malleable ductile

The element was discovered by the Swedish chemist Per TeodorCleve in 1879.

USES

Thulium is used in small portable x-ray machines which utilize artificially radioactive Thulium as it’s x-ray source Periodic Table

Boiling Point-1506Melting Point-2185 YB


Ytterbium

Color,bright silveryColor,bright silvery (Natural) Structure:Structure:

Soft, malleableSoft, malleable

Ytterbium was discovered by a Swiss chemist Jean CharlesDe Marignac in 1878. Uses

Ytterbium is used in alloys, electronics, and magnetic materials.

Periodic Table

LUBoiling Point-6153

Melting Point-3025

Atomic Number-71

Atomic Mass-174.97

Lutetium(Natural)

Color, Silvery WhiteColor, Silvery White Structure:Structure: Not AvailableNot Available

This element was discovered by a French chemistnamed Geoges Ubain, and a Carl Auervon Welsbach about the same time, in 1907.

USESLutetium is used in determining in meteorites in relation with the earth.

Periodic Table

HFBoiling Point-8316Melting Point-4041


Color, MetallicColor, Metallic

HafniumStructure:Structure:Resembles zirconiumResembles zirconium(Natural)

Hafnium was discovered by the Hungarian chemist, Georgvon Hevesy and Dutch physicist Dirk Coster in Copenhagenin the year 1923.

USESHafnium is used with zirconium as a structural material innuclear power plants.

Periodic Table

TABoiling Point-5425Melting Point-9797


Tantalum(Natural)

Color,WhiteColor,White Structure:Structure:AcidAcid

Tantalum was discovered by Baron Jons Jakob Berzeliusin 1820.

USES

It is used for Laboratory wear, circuits, and Camera lenses.

Periodic Table

WTungsten

(Natural)

Boiling Point-10,220Melting Point-6170

Atomic Number-74 Atomic Mass- 183.85

Color, silver-steelColor, silver-steel Structure: Hard and BrittleStructure: Hard and Brittle

This element was discovered Carl Wilhem Scheele, and JuanJose and Fausto D’ Elhuyar in 1781.

USESTungsten is used in cutting tools.

Periodic Table

Melting Point-5756

REAtomic Number-75Atomic Mass-186.207

Rhenium(Natural)

Color,Silvery WhiteColor,Silvery White Structure:Structure:Very hardVery hard

This element was discovered by Walter Karl Noddack andIda Eva Noddack in 1925.

USESRhenium is used in electrical filaments, welding rock, and photographic flashbulbs.

Periodic Table

OSMelting Point-4892 Atomic Number-76

Atomic Mass-190.2

Osmium(Natural)

Color, Bluish-whiteColor, Bluish-white Structure:Structure:Brittle metallicBrittle metallic

It was discovered by Smithson Tennant in 1803.

USES

It is used in standard weights and measurements.

Periodic Table

IRBoiling Point-7466Melting Point-4370


IridiumColor, whiteColor, white Structure:Structure:

Brittle and extremely hardBrittle and extremely hard

It was discovered by Smithson Tennant, a British chemist in 1804. USESIt is used for jewelry, fountain tip pens, compasses, and surgical tools

Periodic Table

PT Boiling Point-6291 Melting Point-3222

Platinum(Natural)Color, bluish-grayColor, bluish-gray Structure:Structure:

MetallicMetallic

Discovered sometime before the 16th century. USESUsed in laboratory apparatus, contact points in electricalapparatus and in instruments used for measuring high temperatures, also used in dental fillings.


Periodic Table

AUBoiling Point-1947Melting Point-5086


Gold(Natural)Color, GoldColor, Gold Structure:Structure:

Soft, DenseSoft, Dense

This element is the second most valuable mineral in the world. USES It was used for jewelry, as money, and in the form of gold leaf.

Periodic Table

HGBoiling Point-675Melting Point-38


Mercury (Natural) Color, silvery metallicColor, silvery metallic Structure:Structure:

Free flowing liquidFree flowing liquid

It was discovered by a French chemist Antoine Laurent Lavosier.

USES

Mercury is used in thermometers and it’s used in other types of scientific apparatus.

Periodic Table

Boiling Point-2665Melting Point-597 TI


Thallium(Natural)

Color, bluish-grayColor, bluish-gray Structure:Structure:Soft and malleableSoft and malleable

Discovered by Sir Williams Crookes an English chemist in 1861. USES It is used for rat poison and ant poison. It can also be used to diagnose some types of heart disease.

Periodic Table

PBBoiling Point-3164Melting Point-662

Lead(Natural)


Color,Bluish-GrayColor,Bluish-Gray Structure:Structure:Soft and malleableSoft and malleable

Lead was discovered by the Romans and was mentioned the Old Testament.

USESLead is used in the storage of batteries and in sheathing electric cables, industrial lining for tanks and x-ray apparatus.

Periodic Table

BIBoiling Point-2840Melting Point-520

Atomic Number-83

Atomic Mass-208.98

Color-Pinkish tingeColor-Pinkish tinge

Bismuth

Founder unknown

USES

Used in fluoroscopy (used to examine the internal organs.)

Structure:Structure:(Artificial)

Periodic Table

POBoiling Point-1235

Melting Point-527

Atomic Number-84Atomic Mass

Polonium(Natural)

Color, BlueColor, Blue GlowGlow Structure: Structure: Simple CubicSimple Cubic

This Element was discovered by Marie Curiein in 1898 in Paris

USES Polonium is used for thermoelectric power.

Periodic Table

ATBoiling Point-610Melting Point-575

Atomic Number-85Atomic Mass-210

Astatine

Discovered by Corson in 1940.

(Natural)

Periodic Table

RNBoiling point-211Melting Point-202

Atomic Number-86Atomic Mass-222

Radon

Discovered by Dorn in 1900 in Germany.

USES Earthquake Prediction

(Natural)

Periodic Table

FRFrancium

Boiling Point- 950

Melting Point- 300.2Atomic Number-87

Atomic Mass-223.0197

This Element was discovered by Marguerite Perey in 1939 in France.

USES

Structure:Structure: body centered cubicbody centered cubicColor:Color:

(Natural)

Periodic Table

RABoiling point-1809Melting point-973


RadiumColor,Color, WhiteWhite Structure: Structure:

Body centered cubicBody centered cubic(Natural)

Isolated by the Curies and Are Debierne in 1898 in Paris

USESRadium is used in Neutron sources

Periodic Table

Boiling Point-3473

Melting Point-1323

Atomic Number-89

Atomic Mass-227.0278ACActinium

Color, SilveryColor, Silvery Structure: Structure: Face centered cubeFace centered cube

(Natural)

USES

Actinium is used in Thermoelectric power.

Discovered by Debierne in 1899

Periodic Table

Boiling Point-5061

Melting Point-2028

Atomic Number-90

Atomic Mass-232.03804THThorium

Color, WhiteColor, White Structure: Structure: Face centered Face centered cubiccubic

(Natural)

Thorium was Identified in 1821and isolated by J.J. Berzelius in 1828 in Sweden.

USES

Thorium is used in gas lamp mantles and nuclear breeder reactors.

Periodic Table

Atomic Number-91Boiling Point-----Melting Point----- Atomic Mass-231.03588PA

ProtactiniumColor, SilveryColor, Silvery Structure: Structure:

Face Face centered cubiccentered cubic

Discovered independently by Fajans and Gohring in Germany and by Soddy , Cranston and Fleck in Scotland in 1913.

USES

--------------------------

(Natural)

Periodic Table

UBoiling Point:4407

Melting Point:1405

Atomic Number:92

Atomic Mass:238.029

Uranium(Natural)

This element was used by the Romans for yellow pigments in glass. The element was discovered in 1789 by a German chemist, Martin Klaproth.

USES

Color: SilveryColor: Silvery

Structure: Structure: hex cls pkd distoredhex cls pkd distored

Nuclear reactor fuelNuclear reactor fuel

Periodic Table

NP Atomic Number: 93Melting Point- 910Boiling Point-------

Atomic Mass- 237.048

Color: SilveryColor: Silvery Structure: ComplexStructure: Complex

Neptunium was produced by E.M. McMillan

Neptunium(Man-Made)

USES

Periodic Table

Plutonium

PUAtomic Number-94

Atomic Mass-244Melting Point-913 F.

Boiling Point-3503

This Element was discovered secretly by Glenn Seaborg in 1940 with Wahl and Kennedy at Berkley and publicly reported in 1946.

(Man-Made)

Extracted From Uranium OreExtracted From Uranium Ore

USES Plutonium is used in nuclear weapons and is used in space probe

electricity sources.

Color, SilveryColor, Silvery Structure: Structure: Face centered cubeFace centered cube

Periodic Table

AMBoiling Point: 2880

Melting Point: 1268Atomic Number: 95

Atomic Mass: 243

Structure: Structure: Face centered cubicFace centered cubic

Americium(Man-Made)

This element was discovered by Glenn Seaborg in 1944 in Berkeley.

USESSmoke Detector

Color: Silvery WhiteColor: Silvery White

Periodic Table

CMBoiling Point-----

Melting Point-1613Atomic Number-96

Atomic Mass-247

Curium(Man-Made)

Color: Silvery WhiteColor: Silvery White Structure: Structure: Face centered cubicFace centered cubic

Discovered by James, Seaborg, and Ghiorso in 1944

USESThermoelectric power and source

Periodic Table

bkberkelium

Atomic mass 247Atomic number 97

Named after the University of California at Berkeley. Berkelium tends to accumulate in the skeletal system.

Atomic weight-247

Periodic Table

Californium

CfAtomic number 98Atomic mass 251

Named after the state of California. It has a half life of 90 years. It is a radioactive rare earth metal.

Atomic weight-251

(artificial)

Periodic Table

Einsteinium

Es

(Artificially)

Atomic number 99atomic mass 254

Named in honor of Albert Einstein. Discovered In 1952 in the debris from a hydrogen bomb explosion.

Atomic weight-254

Periodic Table

fmfermium

atomic Number 100

Artificially created, the element was isolated in 1952 from the debris of a hydrogen bomb explosion by the American chemistAlbert Ghiorso named after Enrico Fermi

Atomic mass-257

Atomic weight-257

(Artificial)

Periodic Table

MDAtomic number 101Atomic mass 258

Mendelevium is artificially created radioactive element. Discovered in 1955 and named after Dmitri Mendeleev. It has a half-life of 54 days.

(Artificial)

Mendelevium

Atomic weight-258

Periodic Table

Nobelium

No

(Artificial)

Atomic number-102Atomic mass-259

Atomic weight-259

Nobelium is a radioactive metalic element named after Alfred Bernhard Nobel. It was discovered in 1957 and is not found innature but is produced artificially in the laboratory. The propertiesof Nobelium are unknown and it has a half-life of a few minutes.

Periodic Table

LrLawrencium

(Artificial)


Atomic weight-260

Lawrencium is an artificially created radioactive metallic element.It was discovered in 1961 and named after Ernest Lawrence.

Periodic Table

RFRutherfordium

(Artificial)

Rutherfordium is an unstable chemical element named after Ernest Rutherford. In 1969 it was synthesized according to a convention adopted in 1980 for naming elements 104 and beyond, however, the element was named unnilquadium.


Atomic weight-261

Periodic Table

DbDubnium


Atomic weight-262

(Artificial)

Dubnium is an artificial element that was discovered by Ghiorso. Itwas named after Duba, a northern suburb.

Periodic Table

SgSeaborgium


Atomic weight-263

(Artificial)

Seaborgium is an artificial element named after Glenn Seaborg.Discovered by Ghiorso.

Periodic Table

BhBohrium

Atomic number 107Atomic mass 262

Atomic weight 262

Bohrium is a synthetic element and is not present in the environmentat all. The German discoverers proposed the name Nielsbohrium after Niels Bohr. IUPAC are happy to name an element after Bohr but suggest Bohrium on the grounds that the first name of a persondoes not appear in the names of any other element named after a person.

(Artificial)

Periodic Table

HSHassium

(Artificial)


Atomic weight 265

Hassium is a synthetic element that is not present in the environment at all.

Periodic Table

MTMeitnerium


Atomic weight 266

(artificial)

Meitnerium is a synthetic element that is not present in the environment at all.There is no dispute concerning the name Meitnerium.

Periodic Table

(natural) boiling point: -252.77 c freezing point: 0 c melting point: -259.2 c atomic number: 1...

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