NATO/ASI

RISK AND RELIABILITY IN WATER RESOURCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

May 18-28, 1991 Porto Carras, Greece

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Jacques GANOULIS

ASI Director

Hydraulics & Environmental

Engineering, School of

Civil Engineering, Aristotle

University of Thessaloniki

54006 Thessaloniki, GREECE

Lucien DUCKSTEIN Systems & Industrial Eng. Dept.

University of Arizona

Tucson, AZ 85721

.!J....M..

Francisco Nunes CORREIA

Laboratorio Nacional de

Engenharia Civil

Av. Brasil, 101, P.1799 LlSBOA

PORTUGAL

Bernard BOBEE Carrefour John Molson, INRS-Eau

2800, rue Einstein, bureau 105

QUEBEC, (Quebec), G1 X 4N8

CANADA

INVITED LECTURERS

Istvan BOGARDI

Department of Civil Engineering

University of Nebraska-Lincoln

W 358 Nebraska-Lincoln

Lincoln, NebJaska 68588-0531

.!J....M..

Yacov Y. HAIMES

Center for Risk Management of

Eng. Systems, D111 Thornton Hall,

University of Virginia,

Charlottesville, VA 22903

!.!.SA

Louis DE BACKER

Unite de Genie Rural,

Place Croix du Sud 2, Ba 2,

B-1348 Louvain-La-Neuve

BELGIUM

John A. DRACUP Univ. of California, Los Angeles

(UCLA), Civil Eng. Dept.

4532 Boelter Hall, CA 90024-1593

Los Angeles,

.!J....M..

Knut L. SEIP Center for Industrial Research

P.O. Box. 124 Blindern,

0314 Oslo 3,

NORWAY

Erich PLATE Institut fur Hydrologie &

Wasserwirtschaft

Univ. Karlsruhe (TH)

Kaiserstrasse 12

D-7500 Karlsruhe 1

GERMANY

Ahmet SAMSUNLU Istanbul Technical University

Environmental Engineering Dept.

80626 Maslak-Istanbul

TURKEY Fax: (1) 1766587

J. P. GASTELLU-ETCHEGORRY Centre d' Etude Spatiale des

Rayonnements (CESR), B.P. 4346,

31029 TOULOUSE CEDEX

FRANCE

George TSAKIRIS Lab. of Rural Technology

National Technical Univ. of Athens

Iroon Polytechniou 9

GR-15773, Athens

GREECE Fax./Tel.: 7774178

526

Eric PARENT

ENG REF

Applied Maths Dept.

19, Avenue du Maine

75732 PARIS CEDEX 15

FRANCE

Jacques BERNIER Lab. National d'Hydraulique

6, quai Watier, B.P. 49,

78401 CHATOU CEDEX

FRANCE

Bernard CAUSSADE Inst. de Mecanique des Fluides

Avenue Camille Soula

31400-TOULOUSE

FRANCE

Paul PILON Env. Canada, Inland Waters Direct.

Water Resources Branch,

8-th Floor, Place Vincent Massey,

Ottawa, Ontario, KIA OH3

CANADA

Eugene Z. ST AKHIV US. Army Corps of Engineers

Institute for Water Resources

Casey Building, Fort. Belvoir,

Virginia 22060-5586

.!..l..S..A.

527

PARTICIPANTS Nathalie FANIEL

Rue d' Andenne 85A

B-1 060, BRUXELLES

Universite du Bruxelles

BELGIUM

Maria TOUBEKTSI

Faculte Polytechnique de Mons

rue de Houdain 9, 7000 MONS

BELGIQUE

Claude THIRRIOT ENSEEIHT

2 rue Charles Camichel

31071 TOULOUSE CEOEX

FRANCE

Marcus HOEFKEN Cauerstrasse 4

0-8520 ERLANGEN

GERMANY

Holger MUSTER Inst. for Hydrology & Water

Resources, Univ. of Karlsruhe

0-7500 Karlsruhe 1

GERMANY

Bruno MERZ Institut fur Hydrologie &

Wasserwirtschaft

University of Karlsruhe

Kaiserstr. 12

0-7500 Karlsruhe/GERMANY

Mr.Peter Funder RASMUSSEN

Inst. of Hydrodynamics and

HydraulicEngineering,Technical

University of Oenmark

Building 115-0K-2800 Lyngby

OENMARK

Marie Georges TOURNOUD

Laboratoire Hydr.et Modelisation

USTL Place E.Bataillon

34095 MONTPELLIER Cedex 5

FRANCE

Pascal BREIL CEMAGREF Oiv.Hydrologie-Hydraulique

3 bis, quai Chauveau

69336 LYON CEOEX 09

FRANCE

Franz BISCHOF LSTM-ERLANGEN

Cauerstrasse 4

0-8520 ERLANGEN

GERMANY

Marcus DISSE (IHW) Univ. Karlsruhe

Kaiserstrasse 12, Postfach 69 80

0-7500 Karlsruhe 1

GERMANY

Constantin XANTHOPOULOS Inst. fur Siedlungswasserwirt­

schaft

University of Karlsruhe

Am Fasanengarten

0-7500 Karlsruhe 1/GERMANY

Mario MAIOLO

Via Gaetano Salve mini 16

87100 COSENZA

ITALIA

Joseph CORREA

Ecole Polytechnique, Genie

Civil-Hydraulique, C.P. 6079,

succ. A, Montreal (Quebec)

H3C 3A7

CANADA

Van-Thanh-Van NGUYEN

McGill University

Dept. de Genie Civil

817 Rue Sherbrooke Quest,

Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2K6,

CANADA

Luc PERREAULT

INRS-Eau, Carrefour Molson

2800, Rue Einstein, suite 105

Quebec, G 1 V 4C7, Sainte-Foy

CANADA

Ilrene ABI-ZEID

INRS-Eau, Carrefour Molson

2800, Rue Einstein, suite 105

Quebec, G 1 V 4C7, Sainte-Foy

CANADA

Hans-Olaf PFANNKUCH

Dept. of Geology & Geophysics

University of Minnesota

310 Pillsbury Dr. SE

Minneapolis, MN. 55455-0219

lLSA.

528

Leonard LYE Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland

St. John's, Newfoundland,

A1B 3X5

CANADA

Raafat SAADE

85 Rue ste-Catherine Quest,

Montreal, Quebec, H2X 3P4

CANADA

Rene ROY

Service Previsons

75 Ouest Rene Levesque

90 Complexe Desjardins

Montreal, Quebec

CAN A D A H2Z 1 A4

Cristiane MARCOUX

Les Consultants BPR

4655 Boul. Hamel

Quebec, GIP 2J7

CANADA

Amvrossios BAGTZOGLOU

Department of Civil Engineering

University of California, Irvine

CA 92717 U.S.A.

Mohamed DAHAB

University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Dept. of Civil Engineering

W348 Nebraska Hall

Lincoln, NE 68588-0531

!LS.A.

Scott MILLER Dept.of Civil & Environmental Eng.

Michigan Technology University

1400 Townsend Drive

Houghton, MI 49931

!.LSA

Yehouda ENZEL Univ. of Arizona

Dept. of Geosciences

Tuscon, Arizona 85721

.!.LS.A.

Lisa ELY University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona 85721

1LS.A

Nabil SHAFIKE Hydr. & Water Resources

Eng. Dept., Tucson,

AZ.85722

!.LSA

Donald KENDALL Loyola Marymount Univ.

Loyola Blvd. at West 80th Str.

Los Angeles, CA 90045

1LS.A

David BELLUCK

520 Lafayette Road, St. Paul

Minnesota 55155

!.LSA

529

Richard HEGGEN Civil Eng., Univ. of New Mexico

Albuquerque, NM. 87131,

!.LSA

Radwan AL-MUBARAK 2522 Hydrosystems Laboratory

205 N. Mathews Ave.

Urbana, IL 61801,

!.LSA

Bijaya P. SHRESTHA Systems & Ind. Eng. Dept.,

Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, 85721

!.LSA

Aimee BELLA Department of Systems & Ind.

Eng., Univ. of Arizona,

Tucson, AZ. 85721

llS.A..

Pam EMCH Univ.of California, Los Angeles

Civil Eng. Dept.

4532 Boelter Hall

Los Angeles, CA 90024-1593

llS.A..

James LAMBERT Dept. of Civil Eng.

Thornton Hall, Univ. of Virginia

Charlottesville, VA 22901

.!.LS.A.

Pericles LATINOPOULOS Hydraulics & Environmental

Engineering, School of

Civil Engineering, Aristotle

University of Thessaloniki

54006 Thessaloniki, GREECE

Yannis MYLOPOULOS Hydraulics & Environmental

Engineering, School of

Civil Engineering, Aristotle

University of Thessaloniki

54006 Thessaloniki, GREECE

Anastasios ST AMOU National Technical Univ.of Athens

lroon Polytechniou 5

GR-15773, Athens

GREECE

G. MANOS DEI

Athens

GREECE

Kalliopie ALEXOPOULOU Ministry of Environment Town

Planning & Public Work

9, Fanarioton Street

10178 Athens GREECE

Kalliopi TZAVLAKI

Municipal Enterprice for Water

and Sewage of Iraklion

1, Vironos Street

712 02 Irakrion-Kreta

GREECE

530

Marios VAFIADIS Hydraulics & Environmental

Engineering, School of

Civil Engineering, Aristotle

University of Thessaloniki

54006 Thessaloniki, GREECE

Nikos THEODOSIOU Hydraulics & Environmental

Engineering, School of

Civil Engineering, Aristotle

University of Thessaloniki

54006 Thessaloniki, GREECE

Christos STEFANIDIS Eng. of Hydraulique

Chalkidikis 6

Kozani-50100

GREECE

Panagiota ANASTASSOPOULOU Ministry of Environment Town

Planning and Public Work

9, Fanarioton Street

10178 Athens GREECE

Eleni ALEXOPOULOU A. Zacharopoulos A.S.

Tositsa Street

10683 Athens

GREECE

Eftihia PAPALEXIOU

Municipal Enterprice for Water

and Sewage of Kos

38, Grigoriou E' Street

85300 Kos

GREECE

531

Demetris ARGIROPOULOS

Ministry of the Environment of Greece

Division of Environmental Planning

11251 Athens

GREECE

Anna MANTA

Municipal Enterprice for Water and

Sewage of Nafplion

2, 25th Martiou Street

211 00 Nafplion, GREECE

Sophia GEROGIANNAKI

48, Prasinou Lofou Str.

N. Iraklion

14121 Athens, GREECE

Maria-Luisa BARATA DE TOVAR

Projecto de Gestao Integrada

dos Recursos Hidricos do Norte

CCRN-PORTO-4100

PORTUGAL

K. F. TURKMAN

DEIOC, Faculdade de Ciencias

Bloco C/2-Campo Grande,

1700 Lisboa

PORTUGAL Fax: (3511 )678308

Maria-Manuela RAMOS DA SILVA

Inst. Superior Tecnico

Dept. of Civil Eng.

Av. Rovisco Pais

1096 LlSBOA CODEX

PORTUGAL

lIias TRAKAKIS

Municipal Enterprice for Water and

Sewage of Sparta

39, Kleobrotou Street

23100 Sparta, GREECE

S. TZOVARIDIS

Ministry of Public Works

Athens

GREECE

Joao Paulo LOBO-FERREIRA

Lab. Nacional de Engenharia Civil

Av. do Brasil, 101

P-1799 LlSBOA CODEX

PORTUGAL

Jose Gabriel DE MENESES

Dep. Ciencias Eng. do Ambiente

Quinta da Torre

28525 Monte Caparica, BRT.

PORTUGAL

Ant. Alex. TRIGO TEIXEIRA

Inst. Superior Tecnico

Department of Civil Eng.

Av. Rovisco Pais

1096 LlSBOA CODEX

PORTUGAL

Pedro Cunha SERRA Lab. Nacional de Eng. Civil

Av. Brasil 101,

1799 LlSBOA CODEX

PORTUGAL

Maria Jose AMORIM Inst. Superior Tecnico

Dept. of Civil Eng.

Av. Rovisco Pais

1096 LlSBOA CODEX

PORTUGAL

Estela Goncalves PEREIRA

Environmental Systems Analysis

Group from UNINOVA

Inst. for the Development of New

Tecnologies-Quinta da Torre

2825 Monte da Caparica

PORTUGAL

Bilsen BELER BAYKAL

532

Instanbul Tech. Univ. Env. Eng.Dept.

80626 Maslak-Istanbul

TURKEY

Atil BULU

Technical Univ. of Istanbul

Civil Eng. Faculty, Dept. of

Hydraulics, 80626, Ayazaga,

Istanbul, TURKEY

Dogan AL TINBILEK

Chairman, Civil Eng. Dept.,

Middle East Technical Univ.,

06531 Ankara-TURKEY

Joao ROCHA Lab. Nacional de Eng. Civil

Av. Brasil 101,

1799 LlSBOA CODEX

PORTUGAL

Nilgun HARMANCIOGLU Dokuz Eylul University

Faculty of Eng. & Architecture

Dept. of Civil Engineering

35100 Bornova-Izmir

TURKEY FAX: (51) 187864

Necdet ALPASLAN Dokuz Eylul University

Faculty of Eng. & Architecture

Env. Eng. Dept.

35100 Bornova-Izmir

TURKEY Fax: (51) 187864

Gulseven UBAY

Istanbul Tech. Univ. Env. Eng.Dept.

80626, Maslak-Istanbul

TURKEY

Orhan OZBAY Ataturk Universty Eng. Faculty

Head of the Envirionmental

Engineering Dept., 25240 Erzurum

TURKEY (Fax: (011) 17140

Ismail. DURANYILDIZ

Istanbul Teknik Univ.

Insaat Fakultesi, Hidrolik ABD.

Ayazaga 80626 Istanbul-TURKEY

Ferhat TURKMAN

Dokuz Eylul Univ., Faculty of

Eng. & Architecture, Dept. of

Civil Ehgineering,

Bornova 351 OO-IZMIRITURKEY

533

Turkay BARAN

Civil Eng. Dept., Faculty of Eng. &

Architecture, Dokuz Eylul Univ.

Bornova 35100, IZMIRITURKEY

Fax: (51) 187864

NON - NATO COUNTRIES

Alfir AKHMETOV

IMMS, Taymirskaya, 74

Inst.of Multiphase Meckanics

Systems of USSR Academy

62500 Tyumen GSP

!..!.S.S.B

Ilika LAMBOVA

Dept. of Mathematics &

Informatics Univ. of Sofia

5, Anton Ivanov Avenue

BULGARIA

Konstantin FYODOROV

IMMS, USSR Academy of Science

Taymirskaya, 74

62500 Tyumen GSP

!..!.S.S.B

accidental spill 156 activated sludge 411 advection 168, 191 allocation system 438 alternative 255 anaerobic conditions 500 annual

average flow 438 flood damages 321 floods 226 peak floods 103 precipitation 147 sediment yield 145

anoxic conditions 409 tank 409

aquifer parameter 71, 257 autocorrelation 178, 224 autoreg ressive

model 441 process 220

availability 367 available disposal sites 288 average annual damage 332

Bayes design 374 methods 204 risk 373 theorem 102

Bayesian analysis 203 procedure 101,363 reliability 381

Bellman principle 118 Brownian motion 192 beach erosion 313 benefit-cost analysis 315 benefits 317 bioaccumulation 293 biodegradation 495 biological treatment 501 birds 514 Bruun rule 313

capacity 5 chlorophyll concentration 73

INDEX

climate change 311 variability 435

climatic change 102 coastal

flooding 324 pollution 167,450 protection 311

coliforms 182, 489 compror:nise programming 363 composite

distance 265 programming 255, 275, 301, 284 risk index 287

conceptual models 3, 219 conditional simulation 195 270 confidence intervals 21 207 conflicting ,

criteria 363 objectives 404

consequences of risk 3 failure 5 incidents 12

control theory 115, 417 correlation lengths 198 covariance function 194 convective diffusion 172 credibility

interval 102 level 11

damage function 348 models 507

decay processes 167 deficit area 46 decision

analysis 284 coefficient 293 dose 292 making 15, 255 models 162 process 421 rule 363, 516

denitrification 407 diffusion 191

dispersion 152,184 coastal 60 coefficient 184

distribution gamma 23, 103, 149, 150 Gumbel 92 log-Pearson 3, 22 normal 149, 175 log normal 103, 149 Pearson type 3, 22

dose-response assessment 291 function 6, 348

drilling sites 511 dissolved oxygen 171, 493 drought 43, 97

analyses 435 definition 444 duration 46, 444 intensity 46,52 hydro-meteorological 43 parameters 442 periods 449 regional 46, 53 resilience 51 risk assessment 50 severity 443 vulnerability 51

dynamic model 364 programming 15, 121, 346, 386 system 115, 365

E-coli 182 ecological

coastal processes 168 indicators 15 loss matrix 235

economic analysis 288 evaluation 315 loss 5,234

economical damages 512 engineering

risk 3, 56, 167 reliability 3

environmental damages 512 objectives 503 engineering 3 risk 485 quality standards 167

536

erosion models 140 rate 148

estimation of flood 39 estimator

maximum likelihood 92 estuary 459 exceedance

levels 454 probability 91, 345, 371. 452

expected annual flood damages 321 losses 234 property loss 345

explicit algorithms 172 exposure 4,5

assessment 291 extention principle 249 eutrophication 485 evapotranspiration 69

failure 4, 5, 155 fecal coliforms 183 figures of merit 161,365 finite

differences 172 elements 468

flood 21,97,106 control 337 estimation 39 estimator 91,106 forecasting 338 frequency 91,106 inundation 313 loss reduction 337 losses 234 maximum annual 92 maximum expected 110 protection 231 warning 337

forecast 231 fuzzy

elements 231 estimate 397 extension principle 238 logic 11 numbers 5, 403 regression 13, 291 reliability 237 set theory 9 sets 3,5,9,287,394

gamma distribution 21 function 25

grade of service 366 groundwater

contamination 63, 256 model 272 recharge 63 risk assessment 66 salinisation 63 simulation 256

Galerkin method 468 Gaussian law 175 geostatistical simulation 25~ Gumbel distribution 92

habitat 299 hazard

identification 3, 11 index 297

health risk 5, 394 hierarchical system 337 hydrological

data 21 extremes 97 modelling 220

hydraulic conductivity 196, i266 hydrodynamic model 172, ~64

image processing 73 enhancement 82

incident 3 period 368

injection wells 273 interstitial water 294 interval analysis 9, 10 irrigation demand 419 Ito stochastic equation 193.

jOint probability 146

kriging 195, 269

lacustrine deposits 100 lagrangian algorithms 187! land use management 3111

537

likelihood function 27, 102 estimate 27 maximum 32,108

load 4, 363 log-normal distribution 227 log-Pearson type 3 distribution 22 losses 317 loss function 6 low streamflow 435 Iysimeter 69

mass transport 272 maintenance costs 234 management options 277,403 Markov chain 421 marine environment 462 mission reliability 369 mixed fuzzy-probabilistic 231 membership function 10, 11, 238 modelling uncertainties 218 moments method 28 Monte-Carlo

analyses 189 simulation 321

multiattribute analysis 516 multicriterion

decision making 284, 403 design 371 dynamic programming 128 risk 371

multi objective dynamic programming 337 optimization 344

multiple criteria decision 280

nitrate contamination 393 control 393 risk 395

nitrification 408 non-point

land-based sources 167 water pollution 137

non-statonarity 442 numerical

modelling 459, 463 simulation 180

nutrients 497

oceanography 73 oil

drilling 503 pollution 503 spill 507

operation problems 15, 346 optimal

control 115 policy 426

optimization multiobjective 344 sequential 125

outfalls 484

paleofloods 99, 106 parameter

estimation 37 uncertainty 91, 258

Pareto set 129 peak flows 102 Pearson

type 3 distribution 22 differential equation 24

partial duration series 91 particle method 189 perception of concequences 14 performance indices 12, 125 planning problems 14 pollution

coastal 167 control 483 in rivers 137

pollutant loading 231 loads 487 transport 149

porous media 189 posterior probability 205 prior probability 206 probabilistic

methodology 200 methods 5 modelling 137 simulation 189

probability density function 6 distribution 8 of exceedance 22, 91 of failure 162, 372 of flooding 347 posterior 205 prior 206

538

protection costs 234

quality of service 363 problems 3, 231

rainfall 67 duration 141 functions 145

random currents 179 variable 5, 219 walk 183, 189

reaction 191 regional drought 43 reliability

analysiS 3, 155, 231, 255 , 363 remedial action 273 remediation schemes 255 remote sensing 73, 459 repairability 363 resilience 51, 132 reservoir

management 386 optimization 425

resistance 5, 231, 363 return period 21, 29, 209 risk 3, 53, 125, 161, 167, 255

analysis 4,15,53,97,105317 assessment 4, 11, 50, 179 carcinogenic 296 characterization 296 consequences 3 management 3, 14, 125, 300, 393 of failure 21

risk of pollution 185 perception 5 quantification 3

risk-cost analysis 283 aspects 311 trade-off 285

river pollution 137 robustness 203, 279 runoff model 220

safety probability 240 salinity 484 sampling uncertainties 204

satellite data processi ng 81 platform 73 sensor 73

sea level rise 311 sediment runoff 145 sensitivity analysis 306 sewage

disposal 187 treatment 407

sewerage system 483 sensitivity analysis 10, 519 settling tank 409 sequential optimization 415 shore protection 311 shortages 456 skewness coefficient 36 sludge 407 soil erosion 148, 460 space imaging 461 standard deviation 231 standards 155,184 statistical analysis 8 stochastic

approach 3 differential equation 122 dynamic programming 386 formulation 190 modelling 4, 415 process 48 simulation 3 variables 7

storm surges 209, 328 frequency 311

suspended matter 76, 459

539

system analysis 115, 415

time series 15 trade-off analysis 396 tree-rings 98, 435 toxicity 157, 297 transmissivity 266 transport model 466 treatment plants 407 turning bands 194, 269

uncertainties 218 uncertainty analysis 3, 7, 324 utility

analysis 505 function 505

vulnerability 51, 126, 363, 369

wastewater discharges 180 water

allocation 439 availability 456 interstitial 294 models 148 quality 3, 231, 423, 483 resources 3, 283, 435 supply 44, 363

Weibull distribution 212 model 217

wells 503

NATO ASI Series G .

Vol. 1: Numerical Taxonomy. Edited by J. Felsenstein. 644 pages. 1983. (out of print)

Vol. 2: Immunotoxicology. Edit$d by P.w. Mullen. 161 pages. 1984.

Vol. 3: In Vitro Effects of Minerjil Dusts. Edited by E. G. Beck and J. Bignon. 548 pages. 1985.

Vol. 4: Environmental Impact Assessment, Technology Assessment, and Risk Analysis. Edited by v.T. Covello, Ji L. Mumpower, PJ. M Stallen, and V. R. R. Uppuluri. 1068 pages.1985.

Vol. 5: Genetic Differentiation and Dispersal in Plants. Edited by P Jacquard, G. Heim, and J. Antonovics. 452 pages. 1985.

Vol. 6: Chemistry of Multiphase Atmospheric Systems.

Vol. 7:

Vol. 8:

Vol. 9:

Vol. 10:

Vol. 11:

Vol. 12:

Vol. 13:

Edited by W. Jaeschke. 7'73 pages. 1986.

The Role of Freshwater Outflow in Coastal Marine Ecosystems. Edited by S. Skreslet. 453 pages. 1986.

Stratospheric Ozone R~duction, Solar Ultraviolet Radiation and Plant Life. Edited by R. C. Worrest ahd M. M. Caldwell. 374 pages. 1986.

Strategies and Advanced Techniques for Marine Pollution Studies: Mediterranean Sea. Edited by C.S. Giam and H.J.-M. Dou. 475 pages. 1986.

Urban Runoff Pollution., Edited by H. C. Torno, J. ~arsalek, and M. Desbordes. 893 pages. 1986.

Pest Control: Operations and Systems Analysis in Fruit Fly Management. Edited by M. Mangel, J. R. Carey, and R. E. Plant. 465 pages. 1986.

Mediterranean Marine J\.vifauna: Population Studies and Conservation. Edited by MEDMARAVIS and X. Monbailliu. 535 pages. 1986.

Taxonomy of Porifera from the N.E. Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. Edited by J. Vacelet and N. Boury-Esnault. 332 pages. 1987.

Vol. 14: Developments in Numetical Ecology. Edited by P. Legendre and L. Legendre. 585 pages. 1987.

Vol. 15: Plant Response to Stress. Functional Analysis in Mediterranean Ecosystems. Edited by J. D. Tenhunen, F. M. Catarino, O. L. Lange, and W C. Oechel. 668 pages. 1987.

Vol. 16: Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants on Forests, Wetlands and Agricultural Ecosystems. Edited by T C. Hutchinson and K. M. Meema. 652 pages. 1987.

Vol. 17: Intelligence and Evolutilonary Biology. Edited by H.J. Jerison a~d I. Jerison. 481 pages. 1988.

Vol. 18: Safety Assurance for Environmental Introductions of Genetically-Engineered Organisms. Edited by J. Fiksel and V T Covello. 282 pages. 1988.

Vol. 19: Environmental Stress iin Plants. Biochemical and Physiological Mechanisms. Edited by J. H. Cherry. 369 pages. 1989.

Vol. 20: Behavioural Mechanisms of Food Selection. Edited by R.N. Hughes. 886 pages. 1990.

Vol. 21: Health Related Effects 01 Phyllosilicates. Edited by J. Bignon. 462 pages. 1990.

NATO ASI Series G

Vol. 22. Evolutionary Biogeography of the Marine Algae of the North Atlantic. Ed ited by D. J. Garbary and G. R. South. 439 pages. 1990.

Vol. 23. Metal Speciation in the Environment. Edited by J. A. C. Broekaert, $ Gu,<er, and F. Adams. 655 pages 1990.

Vol. 24 Population Biology of Passerine Birds. An Integrated Approach. Edited byJ. Blondel, A. Gosler, J.-D.Lebreton, and R. McCleery. 513 pages. 1990.

Vol. 25. Protozoa and Their Role in Marine Processes. Edited by P C. Reid, C. M. Turley, and P. H. Burkill. 516 pages. 1991.

Vol.26. Decision Support Systems. Edited by D. P Loucks and J. R. da Costa. 592 pages. 1991.

Vol.27 Particle Analysis in Oceanography. Edited by S. Demers. 428 pages. 1991.

Vol. 28. Seasonal Snowpacks. Processes of Compositional Change. Edited by T D. Davies, M. Tranter, and H. G. Jones. 484 pages. 1991.

Vol. 29. Water Resources Engineering Risk Assessment. Edited by J. Ganoulis. 551 pages. 1991.