native plants & the vegetable garden 2012
DESCRIPTION
This lecture was given in June, 2012 as part of the California native plant gardening series ‘Out of the Wilds and Into Your Garden’.TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Out of the Wilds and Into Your Garden
Gardening with Western L.A. County Native PlantsProject SOUND – 2012 (our 8th year)
![Page 2: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Into the Vegetable Garden: Using CA Native Plants in the
Edibles Garden
C.M. Vadheim and T. Drake CSUDH & Madrona Marsh Preserve
Madrona Marsh PreserveJune 2 & 5, 2012
![Page 3: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Many of us grow edibles in our home gardens (or are thinking of starting)
© Project SOUND
http://www.denverpost.com/grow/ci_20587823/big-flavors-from-small-fruits
![Page 4: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Benefits of growing your own fruits & vegetables
© Project SOUNDhttp://vegetablegardenathome.com/
Fun
Educational
Good exercise
Interesting looking plants
Saves money
Tasty, fresh ingredients
Opportunity to grow heirloom varieties – and to grow foods that are not genetically modified
Chance to grow & use ‘exotic’ ingredients – including CA native plants
http://bloomtown.typepad.com/bloomtown/bloomtown_my_garden/
![Page 5: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Are CA native plants and edibles gardens really compatible?
© Project SOUND
![Page 6: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Ways in which ‘conventional’ edibles may differ from native plants
Water requirements: many conventional edible plants require more water than many CA native plants
Nutrient requirements: many conventional edibles require more nutrients than most CA native plants like/need
© Project SOUND
![Page 7: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Of course you can plan for different water needs – that’s what Water Zone Gardening is all about
© Project SOUND
![Page 8: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
You can also get around the other differences – with a little planning
© Project SOUND
![Page 9: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Summer’s a good time to re-evaluate
© Project SOUND
http://blog.gardenerd.com/2007/10/13/raised-beds--part-1-materials.aspx
What works well? What needs changing?
![Page 10: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
We look on-line for some inspiration
© Project SOUND
http://efnep.ucdavis.edu/?blogpost=4501&blogasset=17351http://pcnatthegreenshow.wordpress.com/2010/04/18/california-spring-trials-day-3-along-the-central-coast/
http://www.thriftyfun.com/tf16684008.tip.html
http://timberglade.typepad.com/outside/vegetables/
![Page 11: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Your resolutions: summer 2012
Minor changes to most of the raised beds – a few repairs
Convert the back beds to narrow beds for specialty crops – more space between them & back fence
Better use of the back fence area: ?? New vines
Add a few more beds – allow you to ‘rest’ some beds each year for plant health
Use the large pots more
Create some open areas surrounding garden for pollinator plants/ plants to attract beneficial insects
© Project SOUND
http://blog.gardenerd.com/2007/10/13/raised-beds--part-1-materials.aspx
Incorporate native plants into the edible garden; use more heirloom varieties
![Page 12: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
You’ve got the whole summer to get ready for fall planting – time to get cracking!
© Project SOUND
http://www.mastergardeners.org/projects/gilroy.html
![Page 13: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Guide to S. CA Vegetable Crops
Warm-season Vegetables
Plant: From seed: Mar-May; depends
on how cold the spring is From starts: Apr-June (even
July for late crops)
Ripen: Early crops: June-July (Aug)
Late crops: Aug-Sept
Examples: Early crops: beans, cucumbers,
summer squash, tomatoes, Late crops: corn, melons,
winter squash
Cool-season Vegetables
Plant: From seed: Aug-Oct in shaded
pots; Sep-Oct in ground From starts: Oct-Dec
Ripen: Early crops: Oct-Nov Late crops: Dec-Feb
Examples: Early crops: broccoli, brussels
sprouts, cauliflower, kale, kohlrabi, mustard, lettuce and other greens
Late crops: peas, cabbage, celery,
© Project SOUND
![Page 14: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
How about some native cool-season crops?
© Project SOUND
http://www.amillionlives.net/vegetable-gardening-tips-easy-ideas-for-great-produces.html
![Page 15: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Planning our cool-season garden
Traditional vegetables
Lettuce Spinach Peas Broccoli
CA native greens
Allium haematochiton Calandrinia ciliata Camissonia species Claytonia perfoliata Mimulus cardinalis Oenothera elata Phacelia species Plantago species Trifolium species
© Project SOUND
![Page 16: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Miner’s Lettuce – Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata & mexicana
© 2001 Steven Thorstedhttp://nativeplantsocietyca.tribe.net/photos/cfd27d18-6ba7-4365-b1d9-c1c7c67b9cbe
![Page 17: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Growing Miner’s Lettuce from seed
Extremely easy
Sow in prepared soil in fall (best) through spring
Germinates with: Damp soil/fall rains Short days
Re-seeds May want to remove plants
if too prolific – will depend on site
Steve Hurst @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
http://www.pacifichorticulture.org/phv66n3.editorial.html
![Page 18: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Placement in our garden
Annual plant: dies to nothing in summer
Any soil: amended or not
Light: any (full sun to full shade)
Water: can take some extra water
Want to be able to pick it for winter salads
© by Gena Zolotar
![Page 19: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Fringed Redmaids – Calandrinia ciliata var menziesii
![Page 20: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Fringed Redmaids – Calandrinia ciliata var menziesii
Wide distribution: Western United States ,
Central America, and northern South America.
In CA: California Floristic Province, some areas E. of Sierras
Usually in grassy areas, woodland openings or disturbed areas
Name: Calandrinia: named for Jean
Louis Calandrini (1703-1758), a professor of mathematics and philosophy, and a botanical author in Switzerland
ciliata: indicates the slight fringing of the petals like an eyelash
Question to ponder: does the distribution of this plant suggest a human role?
![Page 21: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Red Maids are spreading annuals
Size: < 2 ft tall; tips of stems
upcurviing 2-3 ft wide – side stems are
spreading; plants will grow together
Growth form: sprawling/spreading herbaceous annual from a basal rosette.
Foliage: Attractive light green Slightly succulent leaves;
spatula shaped
Roots: taproot; grow in place
© 2006 Chris Wagner
![Page 22: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Flowers are an added bonus
Spring-blooming – as early as Feb. to May
Long bloom period with adequate water – flowers open sequentially along the stems
Flowers are: Tiny - < ½ inch across An unusual shade of hot
pink/magenta – hard to photograph
Open only during sunniest part of the day – flowers ‘disappear’ into their calyces at other times
Seeds are: Tiny & shiny – but numerous;
wind spread Very tasty – were prized food
for Native Californians (parched & ground to make pinole)
Robert Potts © California Academy of Sciences
Jo-Ann Ordano © California Academy of Sciences
![Page 23: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Red Maids is well suited to the vegetable garden…
Soils: Texture: any well-drained soil;
does super in sandy or rocky soils, but typical vegetable gardens soils would be great
pH: just about any local Light: full sun; great in regular
vegetable garden Water:
Winter: needs good winter/ spring rains
Summer: regular water (Zone 2-3 or 3) will extend blooms slightly; no water for seed set
Fertilizer: fine with light fertilizerPlants re-seed very well – but it’s easy to weed out unwanted plants
![Page 24: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Redmaids make piquant greens
Use only young leaves – best before flowering; Arugala-like
Leaves contain oxalic acid, so it should only be used in moderation. Oxalic acid can lock up certain
of the nutrients in food - can lead to nutritional deficiencies if eaten in excess.
It is, however, perfectly safe in small amounts and its acid taste adds a nice flavor to salads.
Cooking the plant will reduce the quantity of oxalic acid.
People with a tendency to rheumatism, arthritis, gout, kidney stones and hyperacidity should take especial caution if including this plant in their diet since it can aggravate their condition
![Page 25: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Many uses for Red Maids in the garden
Very nice in pots – very green and attractive; helps control them to an extent
In the vegetable garden – Edible greens and seeds Flowers really perk up a
vegetable garden
In the fronts of mixed beds
Among native bunchgrasses; needs bare ground to reseed
In the ‘Children’s Garden’ – easy
For bird habitat – many birds & insects relish the seeds
![Page 26: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Planning our cool-season garden
Traditional vegetables
Lettuce Spinach Peas Broccoli
CA native greens
Allium haematochiton Calandrinia ciliata Camissonia species Claytonia perfoliata Mimulus cardinalis Oenothera elata Phacelia species Plantago species Trifolium species
See Mother Nature’s Backyard blog for more-http://mother-natures-backyard.blogspot.com/
© Project SOUND
![Page 27: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Your resolutions: summer 2012
Minor changes to some raised beds – a few repairs
Convert the back beds to narrow beds for specialty crops – more space between them & back fence
Better use of the back fence area: ?? New vines
Add a few more beds – allow you to ‘rest’ some beds each year for plant/soil health
Create open areas surrounding garden for pollinator plants/plants to attract beneficial insects
© Project SOUND
http://blog.gardenerd.com/2007/10/13/raised-beds--part-1-materials.aspx
Incorporate native plants into the edible garden
![Page 28: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Clovers are often used as cover crops
Quick growing Suppress weed growth Prevent soil erosion Increase soil organic matter
(humus) – good for vegetable crops
Can be eaten (by humans or livestock)
Improve soil Nitrogen: Interact with nodule-forming
nitrogen fixing bacteria Nitrogen is converted to a
form that can be used by plants – including your veggies
© Project SOUND
![Page 29: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Bull clover/ Sour Clover – Trifolium fucatum
© 2004 Carol W. Witham
![Page 30: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Bull clover – Trifolium fucatum
West coast of N. America from OR to Baja
In CA either: Foothills of Sierras and
other ranges Coastally-influenced areas
< 3000 ft. elevation
Locally abundant. Moist, open grassland, ditches, marshes, roadsides, sometimes saline or serpentine soils
fucatum: painted, dyed
© 2005 George W. Hartwell
![Page 31: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Bull Clover is a fairly typical native annual clover Size:
< 1 ft tall 1-3 ft wide; slightly spreading
Growth form: Mounded; low-lying Typical for clovers
Foliage: Leaves typical ‘clover-leaf’ – often
white-patterned Stems robust, hollow
Roots: Have symbiotic relationship with
nitrogen-fixing bacteria Leave roots in soil to improve soil
fertility (just harvest the tops)Robert Potts © California Academy of Sciences
![Page 32: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Flowers are among the prettier clover flowers
Blooms: Usually Apr-June in S. CA ; after
weather warms up Long bloom period with
supplemental water
Flowers: Typical for clover; small pea-
type flowers in a ball-like head Cream-colored tinged with
pink/mauve Edible
Seeds: Small Edible fresh
![Page 33: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Clovers – not hard to grow once you know the trick
Soils: Texture: any well-drained pH: any, including alkali Even takes salty soils
Light: full sun to part-shade; good under deciduous trees
Water: Winter: needs moist soils Summer: needs regular water
until flowering ceases – then cut back
Fertilizer: not needed, but probably won’t hurt
Other: to start seeds give them a hot-water treatment © 2007 Aaron Schusteff
![Page 34: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Most parts of clovers are edible in spring Fresh greens
Raw or cooked Limit intake of uncooked clover –
causes gas Use cooked clover like spinach
Flowers Make nice addition to a salad Leave some for the pollinators –
great pollinator plants
Seeds Native Californians ate them
fresh Many animals & birds also like
clover seeds
© 2007 Neal Kramer
Native Californians look forward to fresh clover in the spring!
![Page 35: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Use any CA native clover as food, improve your soil & attract pollinators
© Project SOUND
© 2004 Carol W. Witham
![Page 36: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Your resolutions: summer 2012
Minor changes to some raised beds – a few repairs
Convert the back beds to narrow beds for specialty crops – more space between them & back fence
Better use of the back fence area: ?? New vines
Add a few more beds – allow you to ‘rest’ some beds each year for plant health
Create open areas surrounding garden for pollinator plants/plants to attract beneficial insects
© Project SOUND
http://blog.gardenerd.com/2007/10/13/raised-beds--part-1-materials.aspx
Incorporate native plants into the edible garden; use more heirloom varieties
![Page 37: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Attracting pollinators to the veggie garden
Bees
Flies and fly-like insects (next month’s topic)
Butterflies
Moths
Beetles
Many others
© Project SOUND
http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/graphics/photos/nov08/d1275-1.htm
http://www.ehow.com/how_8036705_do-flowers-blossomed-summer-squash.html
![Page 38: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
One reason to grow native annuals & perennials in/near the edibles garden
© Project SOUND
http://www.laspilitas.com/garden/august-native-garden-flowers-pictures.htm
![Page 39: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Where might we plants some perennials?
© Project SOUND
http://blog.gardenerd.com/2007/10/13/raised-beds--part-1-materials.aspx
![Page 40: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
© Project SOUND
CA Sea Thrift – Armeria maritima ssp. californica
© 2007 Neal Kramer
![Page 41: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
The Plumbaginaceae
Sometimes referred to as the leadwort family or the plumbago family. Flowers in parts of 5.
Most species in this family are perennial herbaceous plants, but a few grow as vines or shrubs.
The plants have perfect flowers (have male & female parts) and are pollinated by insects.
Found in many different climatic regions, from arctic to tropical conditions, but are particularly associated with salt-rich steppes, marshes, and sea coasts.
© Project SOUND
http://www.hear.org/starr/images/image/?q=031108-0160&o=plants
Cape Plumbago – planted along freeways
![Page 42: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
© Project SOUND
CA Sea Thrift – Armeria maritima ssp. californica
© 2011 Chris Winchell Charles Webber © California Academy of Sciences
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?5645,5646,0,5647
Possibly S. Coast; definitely Santa Rosa Isl., San Luis Obispo Co (Cambria; Santa Lucia Mtns near San Simeon)
North to British Columbia
Near the beach: prairies, cliffs, bluffs & dunes < 1000 ft elevation
![Page 43: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Sea Thrift – dainty but tough
Size: 1-2 ft tall (foliage < 1 ft) ~ 1 – 1 ½ ft wide
Growth form: mounded perennial evergreen
Foliage: Narrow, stiff leaves –
somewhat grass-like Foliage in basal rosette
Roots: tough & woody; part is above-ground
© 2011 Chris Winchell
© 2007 Neal Kramer
![Page 44: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Flowers: lovely color
Blooms: Spring/summer – usually
May-Aug in our area Long-blooming with
regular water and dead-heading
Flowers: Small; in dense ball-like
clusters (somewhat like the fancy onions)
Color: magenta or pink Very pretty in bloom –
make good cut flowers Attract native bees,
butterflies & other insects© 2007 Neal Kramer
© 2004, Ben Legler
![Page 45: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Available as plants: easy also from seed or divisions
From seed: Use fresh seed No pre-treatment Quite easy, good
germination in fall/spring
From divisions: Divide with a shovel or
uproot and cut Re-plant the divisions Reliable
© Project SOUND
http://www.hazmac.biz/051128/051128AmeriaMaritimaCalifornica.html
![Page 46: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Plant Requirements Soils: Texture: any from sandy
loam to clay – good for clays pH: any local
Light: full sun right along coast; part-sun (morning sun) elsewhere
Water: Winter: adequate –
supplement if needed Summer: moderate to
regular water – Zones 2-3 to 3
Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils – but probably wouldn’t kill it
Other: if using an organic mulch, make it thin; no mulch or inorganic mulches fine© 2008 John Dittes
![Page 47: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Loved by gardeners as: Sea-side ground cover Rock garden plant Attractive pot/planter species Lining walkways
© 2004, Ben Legler http://www.calfloranursery.com/plants/armeria-maritima-ssp-californica
http://www.pacifichorticulture.org/web-extras/70/3/sea-ranch-gardens-most-successful-plants/
http://www.cnps.org/cnps/grownative/tips/lawn_alternatives.php
http://www.imagejuicy.com/images/plants/a/armeria/10/
![Page 48: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Bring it into the vegetable garden
© Project SOUND
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Armeria_maritima,_Tower_Hill_Botanic_Garden.JPG
http://www.elkhornnursery.com/default.aspx?pid=2989aedb-2f5a-41ec-9c05-61c5ebfda0e9&PlantId=1115
http://www.thienemans.com/photos/index.php/Succulents-Rock-Garden/IMG_0132
You’ll also have a source of cut flowers
![Page 49: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Many annual wildflowers are great for attracting pollinators – and fit easily into an edibles garden
Clarkias
Gilias
Anything in Sunflower family
Lotus species
Phacelias
Annual Salivas
Many more (see pollinator lists: Project SOUND/ Mother Nature’s Backyard Blog
© Project SOUND
Tansy-leaf Phacelia
http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Phacelia+tanacetifolia
![Page 50: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Attracting other beneficial insects
Predatory insects – eat the bad guys
Insects that attract insect-eating birds
Insects that provide other beneficial services in the garden
© Project SOUND
http://trishsgarden.blogspot.com/2008/03/very-late-march-1-garden-newsletter.html
Some native plants have a well-deserved reputation forattracting the ‘good guys’
![Page 51: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Attract these
beneficial insects
By planting these species
Bigeyed bug Native grassesPolygonum sp. (Silver Lace Vine)
Hoverflies Achillea sp. (Yarrow) Asclepias fascicularis (Narrowleaf Milkweed) Baccharis sp. (Coyote brush, Mulefat) Ceanothus sp. (California Lilac) Eriogonum sp. (Buckwheat) Prunis ilicifolia (Hollyleaf Cherry)
LacewingsCeanothus sp. (California Lilac)Prunus ilicifolia (Hollyleaf Cherry)
Lady beetles Achillea sp. (Yarrow) Asclepias fascicularis (Narrowleaf Milkweed) Atriplex sp. (Quailbush, Saltbush) Ceanothus sp. (California Lilac) Native grasses Rhamnus californica (Coffeeberry) Salix sp. (Willow)
http://www.stopwaste.org/home/index.asp?page=402
Copyright © 2007 Ron Hemberger
http://www.kunafin.com/lacewings.htm
![Page 52: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Attract these
beneficial insects
By planting these species
Minute pirate bug
Achillea sp. (Yarrow) Baccharis sp. (Coyote brush, Mulefat) Eriogonum sp. (Buckwheat)
Parasitic & Predatory Wasps
Achillea sp. (Yarrow)Aesclepias fascicularis (Narrowleaf Milkweed)Eriogonum sp. (Buckwheat)
Tachnid flies
Achillea sp. (Yarrow) Eriogonum sp. (Buckwheat) Heteromeles arbutifolia (Toyon)
Rhamnus californica (Coffeeberry)
http://www.stopwaste.org/home/index.asp?page=402
http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/NE/minute_pirate_bug.html
http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/NE/tachinid_flies.html
Minute Pirate Bug
Tachnid Fly
![Page 53: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
© Project SOUND
* Southern Umbrellawort – Tauschia arguta
© 2006 Michelle Cloud-Hughes
![Page 54: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Outer coastal ranges, S. CA and Baja
Locally in Santa Monica Mtns, Hollywood Hills, San Gabriels
Dry fans and slopes below 6000', coastal sage, scrub, chaparral, woodlands, inland to desert edge
© Project SOUND
* Southern Umbrellawort – Tauschia arguta
© 2003 Brent Miller
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_cpn.pl?TAAR2
http://www.researchlearningcenter.org/bloom/species/Tauschia_arguta.htm
![Page 55: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Southern Umbrellawort: Carrot family
Size: 1-2 ft tall 1-3 ft wide
Growth form: Herbaceous perennial Low but erect form Evergreen
Foliage: Very green Large-lobed & coarsely
toothed – like flat parsley or celery
Larval food for Anise Swallowtail
Roots: stout© 2006 Michelle Cloud-Hughes
![Page 56: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Flowers attract beneficial insects
Blooms: mid- to late spring (April to June)
Flowers: Small and yellow In compound umbels typical
of Carrot family; smells ‘carroty’
Many pollinator (and other) insects
Seeds: Flat, ribbed seeds typical of
the family To start from seed, use fresh
seed and rinse in several rinses of water to remove inhibiting hormones.
© 2006 Michelle Cloud-Hughes
![Page 57: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Easy to grow
Soils: Texture: any well-drained pH: any local – including
vegetable garden
Light: Full sun to light shade
Water: Winter: plenty of water;
soils moist Summer: dry out to Zone 1-
2 or 2 in summer
Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils
Little to no mulch – inorganic mulch fine
© 2010 Gary A. Monroe
http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/tauschia-arguta
![Page 58: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Umbrellawort in the garden Usually included in butterfly
gardens Unusual pot plant; in rock gardens Good choice for margins of the
vegetable garden
© 2006 Michelle Cloud-Hughes
http://mamba.bio.uci.edu/~pjbryant/biodiv/lepidopt/papilio/anise.htm
http://www.calflora.net/bloomingplants/southerntauschia.html
![Page 59: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Others perennials for garden edges
Achillea millefolia
Asclepias species (Milkweeds)
Clematus species (Virgin’s Bowers)
Eriogonum species (Buckwheats)
Lomatium utriculatum
Solidago species (Goldenrods)
Native grasses
© Project SOUND
![Page 60: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Heirloom edibles and native plants: a good combination
Open-pollinated
Long relationship between heirloom varieties, ‘wild plants’ and insects
Unusual and tasty flavors – combine well with native seasonings
Are less likely to be genetically modified food plants
© Project SOUNDhttp://www.byexample.com/homestead/gardens/heirloom_seeds.html
![Page 61: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
What are genetically modified plants
© Project SOUND
http://www.precisionnutrition.com/all-about-gm-foods
![Page 62: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Genetically modified foods are here
Experts say 60% to 70% of processed foods on U.S. grocery shelves have genetically modified ingredients.
The most common genetically modified foods are
soybeans, maize, cotton, and rapeseed oil. That means many foods made in the U.S. containing field corn or high-fructose corn syrup; foods made with soybeans and foods made with cottonseed and canola oils could likely have genetically modified ingredients.
These ingredients appear frequently in animal feed as
well.
![Page 63: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Which view is correct?
The U.S. government's position: Genetically engineered crops are safe, resist disease better, and can provide much-needed food in starving nations.
The EU position: Keep it out. We prefer organic, which is much healthier. The risk of genetically modified foods to health and the environment outweigh the benefits. Only the multinational biotech companies will benefit, dominating the world food supply and squeezing out traditional farmers.
We’ll discuss this topic in greater depth in our July class
![Page 64: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Keeping old varieties alive is another reason to plant heirloom seeds: biodiversity is important in
agriculture as well as in nature
© Project SOUND
http://www.heirloomseeds.com/
![Page 65: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
You consider adding some native herb/spice or beverage plants to your vegetable garden
© Project SOUND
![Page 66: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
After seeing this picture you decide to add some native fruits to your edibles garden
© Project SOUND
http://bumblelush.blogspot.com/2012/05/strawberry-season-is-here.html
Strawberries would be an easy place to start
http://www.dailyunadventuresincooking.com/2010/07/strawberry-and-arugula-salad-recipe.html/
![Page 67: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
© Project SOUND
* Woodland Strawberry – Fragaria vesca ssp. californica
© 2002 George Jackson
![Page 68: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
© Project SOUND
* Woodland Strawberry – Fragaria vesca ssp. californica
Coastal mountains and Sierra Nevada from OR/WA to Baja
Locally in the San Bernardino & San Jacinto Mtns., San Diego Co.
In dry to moist meadows, young woodlands, sparse forest , woodland edges and clearings.
Often plants can be found where they do not get sufficient light to form fruit. http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?6677,6723,6725
![Page 69: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Flowers are sweet
Blooms: Spring into summer Usually Mar. to June in our
area – may also have some summer bloom
Flowers: Smaller than F. chiloensis Typical 5-petal white flowers
of the genus Really nice for a ground-
cover plant; light, sweet fragrance
Attract butterflies
Seeds: usually will reseed
Vegetative reproduction: easy to dig up plantlets to produce new plants
© 2006 Dr. Amadej Trnkoczy
![Page 70: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
© Project SOUND
But the fruits are sweeter yet!
Larger fruit than Fragaria chiloensis (Beach Strawberry)
Among the most tasty of all the wild strawberries –sweet scent
Excellent choice for: Eating fresh Including in baked goods Making preserves & syrups Drying
Berries have antioxidant properties
Berry juice is a natural bleach
Leaves make a tea for GI upsets
© 2006 Dr. Amadej Trnkoczy
![Page 71: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Plant Requirements Soils:
Texture: any, including clays pH: any local including acidic
Light: Full sun (cooler gardens) or
dappled shade are best Will grow fine in part-shade to
quite shady, but fruiting reduced
Water: Winter: likes good rains Summer: wide tolerance –
occasional (Zone 2) to regular water (Zone 3)
Fertilizer: fine with light fertilizer – really likes a leaf mulch
Other: good frost tolerance© 2006 Dr. Amadej Trnkoczy
![Page 72: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Many ways to use strawberries in the vegetable garden – all pretty
© Project SOUND
http://www.putteringinthegarden.com/category/fruit/strawberries/
http://www.tipjunkie.com/how-to-grow-strawberries/
![Page 73: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Maybe you want to be a bit more adventuresome
© Project SOUND
http://groweat.blogspot.com/2011/04/derwood-demo-garden-update.html#axzz1wZrtwMAD
![Page 74: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
© Project SOUND
CA Blackberry – Rubus ursinus ssp. ursinius
© 2005 Doreen L. Smith
![Page 75: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Western N. America from British Columbia to Baja; 0 - 4500 feet elevation
Locally on Catalina, Santa Monicas, San Gabriels – possibly more in past
Moist places: canyons, river banks, etc.
© Project SOUND
CA Blackberry – Rubus ursinus ssp. ursinius
© 2011 Michael O'Brien
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?6677,6899,6910
http://www.plumjam.com/wildflowers/5-20-2011.cfm
![Page 76: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Rubus ursinus in Santa Monica Mtns
© Project SOUND
![Page 77: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
The genus Rubus
Large genus in Rose family (Rosaceae)
Latin name meaning “bramble” – most have prickly stems
Includes cultivated raspberries and blackberries
More than a dozen species native to western N. America
The Rubus fruit, sometimes called a bramble fruit, is an aggregate of drupelets (small, fleshy fruits surrounding a hard ‘stone’ or seed)
© Project SOUND
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blackberries_on_bush.jpg
Some of our favorite summer fruits come from this genus!
![Page 78: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
© Project SOUND
CA Blackberry: characteristic of genus Size:
1-3 ft tall 8-20 ft wide
Growth form: Low, mounded canes; trailing
or climbing habit Evergreen or slightly winter
deciduous Armed with prickles
Foliage: Medium green with leaflets –
typical of genus
Roots: will spread via suckers – modest compared to Himalayan Blackberry
© 2009 Ben Stever
© 2009 Zoya Akulova
![Page 79: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Which Blackberry is it? Himalayan Blackberry (Rubus discolor/ R. armeniacus)
Native to Armenia in SW Asia
Introduced to Europe in 1835, and Australasia and North America in 1885
Widely planted due to its flavorful fruit & availability
Because it’s so hard to contain, quickly got out of control, with birds/animals eating the berries and spreading the seeds.
Now a plant pest world-wide
© Project SOUND
http://kaweahoaks.com/html/calif_blackberry.html
http://www.nps.gov/prsf/naturescience/himalayan-blackberry.htm
Prickles of CA Blackberry are thin and easily detach
Flowers of CA Blackberry usually have longer, narrower petals
![Page 80: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Pretty white flowers
Blooms: in spring – between April & June, depending on the weather
Flowers: Medium size: 1-2 inches
across Plants may be dioecious
(separate male & female plants) or may produce perfect flowers (contain both sexes)
Attract many pollinators
Vegetative reproduction: Branch tips root readily
where they touch ground Easy way to propagate – tip-
layering (or just remove rooted tips in spring)
© 2008 Gary McDonald
© 2007 Neal Kramer
![Page 81: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
© Project SOUND
GardenRequirements
Soils: Texture: any – not particular pH: any local
Light: Full sun to part-shade; afternoon
shade in hot inland gardens
Water: Winter: plenty Summer: pretty drought tolerant
once established; best fruiting in Water Zone 2-3 (moderate water)
Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils; mulching is good
Other: Don’t plant brambles in a site where potatoes, eggplants, tomatoes, and peppers have grown in the past 3 years; site may contain verticillium wilt which will harm brambles.
© 2012 Michael O'Brien
![Page 82: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Blackberries: contain
Sometimes used as a thorny hedge
Best used in contained places; planters, areas bounded by impervious materials
Can be grown in large containers
© 2010 Aaron Arthur
http://www.ebay.com/itm/Wild-Northern-Blackberry-20-Seeds-Rubus-Ursinus/270983468691
![Page 83: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Provide some support Chain-link fence
Garden trellis or frame: attach with clothespins, twist-ties or strips of old nylons
More classic methods One-line trellis (two-wire trellis) Two-line trellis (Cross-arm trellis)
© Project SOUND
https://appserver1.kwantlen.ca/apps/plantid/plantid.nsf/lookup/73C488F4F1EAF5628825772A0060BFD7?OpenDocument
One-line trellis for trailing blackberries. Spread floricanes up on a two-wire system.
![Page 84: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Pruning Rubus species
Primocanes: first year – non-fruiting
Floricanes: second year canes with side branches – produce flowers, berries
During the growing season, tip back each developing primocane to ~ 4-5 ft. ; lateral shoots develop
When the fruiting season is over, cut out spent floricanes at the root crown. Do not prune floricanes before fruiting season unless damaged or diseased.
Discard all pruned plant material.
© Project SOUND
Figure 1. Primocanes of thorny, erect blackberries that have not been pruned.
Figure 2. Primocanes of thorny, erect blackberries that have been pruned.
![Page 85: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Other maintenance for Rubus species
Check for disease – prune out using sterile techniques
Rake up old leaves – dispose of them
Mulch: organic is best, but inorganic also fine
May give yearly dose of low-strength (1/2 strength of less) fertilizer, especially for pot-grown plants
© Project SOUND
Crown borer
http://www.ncsu.edu/project/berries/diagnostic_tool/canes_and_or_laterals/general_decline_in_plant_vigor.html
![Page 86: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Harvesting your bounty
Berries very tasty - parent of Loganberry, Youngberry, and Boysenberry
The best time to harvest the fruits is when they are easily pulled from the stem, taste sweet and have reached full color.
It is preferable to harvest in the morning when the plants are cool. Be sure that any morning dew has already dried before harvesting.
Place harvested fruit into shallow trays as the weight of the fruits piled high can damage the underlying fruit.
© Project SOUND
http://plants.montara.com/ListPages/FamPages/Rosa5.html
http://imaginarybicycle.wordpress.com/category/desirables/
![Page 87: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Love those berries! Quick syrups to top off ice cream
Dropping in red wine vinegar for use in summer salads
Steeping in vodka for liqueurs.
Pies, tarts, muffins
Jams & jellies
Sorbet
Fruit rolls (dried)
The list goes on and on
© Project SOUND
http://www.food52.com/recipes/6281_wild_blackberry_sorbet
Wild blackberry sorbet
http://tastingthelandscape.blogspot.com/2010/08/devils-shoelace-custard-pie.html
![Page 88: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
If you want a thornless cane berry you’ll have to sacrifice a little taste
© Project SOUND
J.S. Peterson @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
![Page 89: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Thimbleberry – Rubus parviflorus
Dr. Robert T. and Margaret Orr © California Academy of Sciences
![Page 90: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Western N. America from AK to Mexico – E. to the Dakotas and NM
California Floristic Province (W. of Sierras) except Central Valley
Locally in the San Gabriels
It commonly grows on open, wooded hillsides, in subalpine meadows, along streambanks and canyons, on borders, and roadsides, and on dry exposed sites only at higher elevations.
Sites are usually cool and moist
© Project SOUND
Thimbleberry – Rubus parviflorus
© 2009 Julie Kierstead Nelson
![Page 91: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Thimbleberry: Rubus, but different
Size: 3-6+ ft tall spreading; 15+ ft wide
Growth form: Low, scrambling or erect
(depends on light; moisture)
Branches are hairy but not prickly
Foliage: Typical for Rubus; palmate
leaves Leaves fragrant on warm
days
© 1991 Gary A. Monroe
© 2011 Zoya Akulova
![Page 92: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Flowers are Rubus type
Blooms: in spring/summer; usually May-June in our area, but may be earlier or later
Flowers: Medium size White (rarely pink) Very rose-like in
appearance. Quite showy – and attract
insect pollinators
Seeds: hard
Vegetative reproduction: spreads well via rhizomes – consider placement/containment
© 2004 Robert Sivinski
![Page 93: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Berries are Raspberry-like
Mild flavor & a little dry when red-ripe; can be dried
Makes good jellies, syrups, etc. Wildlife love them too !!!
© Project SOUND
© 2004 Robert Sivinski
http://upfoods.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=35&products_id=67&zenid=44f82b96b2f0219f31ab9896b094afdc
How Thimbleberry got its common name
![Page 94: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Other human uses for Rubus species
Young shoots They are harvested as they emerge through the ground in
the spring, peeled and then eaten in salads. Fibers from the stem used to make twine
Leaves Dried for herbal teas (often in blends) A decoction of the leaves is useful as a gargle in treating
thrush and also makes a good general mouthwash. Root
Cooked; neither to young nor too old - requires a lot of boiling.
Root-bark and the leaves are strongly astringent, diuretic, tonic. They make an excellent remedy for dysentery, diarrhoea, haemorrhoids, cystitis etc, the root is the more astringent. Externally, they are used as a gargle to treat sore throats, mouth ulcers and gum inflammations.
© Project SOUND
![Page 95: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Thimbleberry requirements
Soils: Texture: just about any pH: any local
Light: Best fruit production in part
shade; dappled sun Can take quite shady
Water: Winter: adequate Summer: regular water –
Water Zones 2-3 or 3
Fertilizer: best with yearly light dose; compost top-dressing fine
Other: likes an organic mulch
© 2001 Steven Thorsted
![Page 96: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
© Project SOUND
Garden uses for Thimbleberry
Groundcover for moist, shady slopes
As an attractive pot/planter species
Along walls/fences (with support)
Rubus are good all-round habitat plants: nectar, pollen, berries, shelter
© 2009 Julie Kierstead Nelson
© 2010 Jean Pawek
http://www.baynatives.com/plants/Rubus-parviflorus/
![Page 97: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
How might you incorporate Rubus into your garden?
© Project SOUNDhttp://www.baynatives.com/plants/Rubus-parviflorus/
![Page 98: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
In summary: several ways to use native plants in edibles garden
As edibles: greens, seeds/fruits, beverage plants; seasonings
To improve soil fertility
To attract pollinators
To attract other beneficial insects
© Project SOUND
![Page 99: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
In summary: native plants can improve the edibles garden
Provide cut flowers
Just make your garden prettier
Make you want to spend more time out in your edibles garden
© Project SOUND
http://cathythomascooks.com/2012/05/01/culinary-gardener-kathryn-agresto-shares-four-chefs-vegetable-gardens/
![Page 100: Native plants & the vegetable garden 2012](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022012922/54c151de4a7959211a8b45c2/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
So let’s get to work!
© Project SOUND