Native and Colonial Native and Colonial AmericaAmerica

Unit IUnit I

AP U.S. HistoryAP U.S. History

NativesNatives

►Bering Sea land bridgeBering Sea land bridge►NomadsNomads►Agriculturally-based (maize/corn)Agriculturally-based (maize/corn)►Hopewells/MississippianHopewells/Mississippian► IroquoisIroquois

Iroquois ConfederacyIroquois Confederacy

Native Map of North AmericaNative Map of North America

EuropeEurope

►Renaissance (rebirth)Renaissance (rebirth)►Growth of Nation-States (England, Growth of Nation-States (England,

France, Spain, Portugal)France, Spain, Portugal)►Protestant Reformation and Religious Protestant Reformation and Religious

WarsWars Counter-ReformationCounter-Reformation LutheranismLutheranism CalvinismCalvinism Church of EnglandChurch of England

EnglandEngland

►Defeat of Spanish Armada in 1588 Defeat of Spanish Armada in 1588 makes England a superior naval powermakes England a superior naval power

►Population increasesPopulation increases► Joint-stock companies developJoint-stock companies develop►Religious conflicts divide the nationReligious conflicts divide the nation►Weak monarchs, civil wars, and Weak monarchs, civil wars, and

revolutionsrevolutions

European ColonizationEuropean Colonization

►Columbus in 1492 spearheads Columbus in 1492 spearheads European intervention into AmericaEuropean intervention into America

►Relations with nativesRelations with natives►Encomienda system and asiento Encomienda system and asiento

systemsystem

SmallpoxSmallpox

Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange

Treaty of TordesillasTreaty of Tordesillas

European ColoniesEuropean Colonies

English ColoniesEnglish Colonies

►Corporate ColonyCorporate Colony►Proprietary ColonyProprietary Colony►Royal ColonyRoyal Colony►ChartersCharters►Attempted with Roanoke in 1585Attempted with Roanoke in 1585► Jamestown, Virginia in 1607Jamestown, Virginia in 1607

Who is this?Who is this?

Oh yeah…PocahontasOh yeah…Pocahontas

Disney’s John SmithDisney’s John Smith

Hollywood’s John SmithHollywood’s John Smith

This is John Smith.This is John Smith.

PilgrimsPilgrims

►Separatists to Holland then head for Separatists to Holland then head for VirginiaVirginia

►Mayflower takes Separatists and Mayflower takes Separatists and others to Jamestown but weather others to Jamestown but weather complicates matterscomplicates matters

►Settlers decide to remain and establish Settlers decide to remain and establish PlymouthPlymouth

Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact

The Mayflower (II)The Mayflower (II)

Look, a big rock.Look, a big rock.

Wampanoag DwellingWampanoag Dwelling

Plymouth ColonyPlymouth Colony

Pulpit/ReligionPulpit/Religion

Thirteen ColoniesThirteen Colonies

New EnglandNew England

►Massachusetts Bay Colony and Puritans Massachusetts Bay Colony and Puritans (1630)(1630)

► John Winthrop and “city upon a hill”John Winthrop and “city upon a hill”► Providence, Rhode Island, and Roger Providence, Rhode Island, and Roger

Williams (1636)Williams (1636)► Portsmouth and Anne Hutchinson (1638)Portsmouth and Anne Hutchinson (1638)►Hartford, New Haven, Connecticut, and Hartford, New Haven, Connecticut, and

Thomas Hooker (1636-1637)Thomas Hooker (1636-1637)►New Hampshire (1679)New Hampshire (1679)

New England CultureNew England Culture

► Massachusetts under strict Puritanical Massachusetts under strict Puritanical lifestylelifestyle

► Salem Witch Trials (1692-1693)Salem Witch Trials (1692-1693)► Religious toleration and dissent lead to Rhode Religious toleration and dissent lead to Rhode

IslandIsland► Halfway Covenant: attempt to increase Halfway Covenant: attempt to increase

membersmembers► Education by mothersEducation by mothers► Towns with over 50 families required primary Towns with over 50 families required primary

schools; 100, grammar schoolsschools; 100, grammar schools

New England PoliticsNew England Politics

►Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)(1639)

►New England Confederation (1643-New England Confederation (1643-1648)1648)

►King Philip’s (Metacom) War (1675-King Philip’s (Metacom) War (1675-1676)1676)

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies

►New Amsterdam transferred to Duke of New Amsterdam transferred to Duke of York in 1664 to become New YorkYork in 1664 to become New York

►Lands taken from New York to establish Lands taken from New York to establish New Jersey by 1702New Jersey by 1702

►Develop wheat and corn farms and Develop wheat and corn farms and eventually into manufacturing and tradeeventually into manufacturing and trade

►Delaware created by Pennsylvania Delaware created by Pennsylvania (1702)(1702)

►Education by private or churchesEducation by private or churches

PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

►William Penn establishes Quaker-based William Penn establishes Quaker-based colony in Pennsylvania (1681)colony in Pennsylvania (1681)

►Religious Society of Friends aka QuakersReligious Society of Friends aka Quakers►Holy ExperimentHoly Experiment

Religious refugeReligious refuge Liberal political idealsLiberal political ideals Economic successEconomic success Frame of Government and Charter of LibertiesFrame of Government and Charter of Liberties

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies

►Maryland (1632)Maryland (1632)►Virginia (1609)Virginia (1609)►Carolinas (1663)Carolinas (1663)

North Carolina (1729)North Carolina (1729) South Carolina (1729)South Carolina (1729)

►Georgia (1732)Georgia (1732)►Limited education due to agricultural Limited education due to agricultural

basebase

VirginiaVirginia

►Becomes royal colony in 1624Becomes royal colony in 1624►Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)

Inequities between large landowners and Inequities between large landowners and western farmerswestern farmers

Nathanial Bacon vs. William BerkeleyNathanial Bacon vs. William Berkeley

►Headright SystemHeadright System 50 acres to each paying immigrant or 50 acres to each paying immigrant or

plantation owner who paid for immigrantplantation owner who paid for immigrant

MarylandMaryland

►Lord Baltimore establishes colony for Lord Baltimore establishes colony for CatholicsCatholics

►Act of Toleration (1649)Act of Toleration (1649) Toleration of all Christian sectsToleration of all Christian sects Death to those who denied JesusDeath to those who denied Jesus

►Religious civil war brought control to Religious civil war brought control to ProtestantsProtestants

CarolinasCarolinas

►North CarolinaNorth Carolina Tobacco plantationsTobacco plantations Well-established autonomyWell-established autonomy

►South CarolinaSouth Carolina Rice plantationsRice plantations Became heavily dependent on slaveryBecame heavily dependent on slavery

GeorgiaGeorgia

► James Oglethorpe James Oglethorpe establishes in 1732establishes in 1732

►Defensive buffer to Defensive buffer to Spanish FloridaSpanish Florida

►Debtors colonyDebtors colony

Colonial ReligionColonial Religion

►Diverse among colonies regarding strict Diverse among colonies regarding strict adherence and religious tolerationadherence and religious toleration

►Domination by Protestants; little influence of Domination by Protestants; little influence of Anglican Church; other sects and Anglican Church; other sects and denominations viewed as bizarredenominations viewed as bizarre

► The Great Awakening (1730s-1740s)The Great Awakening (1730s-1740s) Over time, economics became prominent over Over time, economics became prominent over

religious convictionreligious conviction Jonathan Edwards and “Sinners in the Hands of Jonathan Edwards and “Sinners in the Hands of

an Angry God”an Angry God” George WhitefieldGeorge Whitefield Development of evangelism and individual faithDevelopment of evangelism and individual faith

Colonial Culture/SocietyColonial Culture/Society

Urban

Rural

- Becoming American

- Pragmatism

- Folkways

Typical Colony LayoutTypical Colony Layout

ImmigrationImmigration

► 250,000 in 1701 to 2.5 million in 1775250,000 in 1701 to 2.5 million in 1775► Europeans and Africans along with a high Europeans and Africans along with a high

birth ratebirth rate► Reasons: religion; economics; political turmoilReasons: religion; economics; political turmoil► English, Germans (Pennsylvania Dutch), English, Germans (Pennsylvania Dutch),

Scottish, Irish, Dutch, Swedish Scottish, Irish, Dutch, Swedish OLD OLD IMMIGRANTSIMMIGRANTS

► Africans forced to America; suffered Africans forced to America; suffered discrimination and slave labordiscrimination and slave labor

SlaverySlavery

► Indentured servitudeIndentured servitude►Labor shortages lead to importing Labor shortages lead to importing

slavesslaves►Cheap laborCheap labor►Dependable work forceDependable work force►Slave lawsSlave laws

Slave DemographicsSlave Demographics

Mercantilism and Triangle Mercantilism and Triangle TradeTrade

► Colonies for the Colonies for the Mother CountryMother Country

► Acts of NavigationActs of Navigation Trade on English Trade on English

shipsships Imports pass English Imports pass English

portsports Exports to EnglandExports to England

► Triangular TradeTriangular Trade Middle PassageMiddle Passage

Colonial EconomicsColonial Economics

► Land was “gold”Land was “gold”►No established monetary system (gold and No established monetary system (gold and

silver)silver)► TransportationTransportation

Rivers and coastsRivers and coasts Horse and carriage led to taverns and postal servicesHorse and carriage led to taverns and postal services

►New EnglandNew England Limited land led to shipbuilding, fishing, tradingLimited land led to shipbuilding, fishing, trading

►Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies Wheat and corn fields; manufacturing and tradeWheat and corn fields; manufacturing and trade

► Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies Tobacco, rice, indigo plantations based on forced Tobacco, rice, indigo plantations based on forced

laborlabor