Native AmericansNative Americans

PawneePawneeSS 4H1: The students will describe how SS 4H1: The students will describe how

early native American cultures early native American cultures developed in North Americadeveloped in North America

http://www.bigorrin.org/nez_kids.htmhttp://www.bigorrin.org/nez_kids.htm

Where did the PawneeWhere did the Pawnee

Live?Live?

� The Pawnee Indians are original people of Nebraska and Kansas.

� Flat, rainy and grassy

area

How did the Pawnee Survive?How did the Pawnee Survive?

�� The Pawnees were The Pawnees were farming people. Pawnee farming people. Pawnee women raised crops of women raised crops of corn, beans, squash, and corn, beans, squash, and sunflowers. sunflowers.

�� The men worked together The men worked together to hunt buffalo and to hunt buffalo and antelopes.antelopes.

�� Created permanent Created permanent villages. They hunted part villages. They hunted part of the year and farmed of the year and farmed the other partthe other part

How did the Pawnee hunt the How did the Pawnee hunt the

buffalo?buffalo?�� http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/kids/buffalo.htmlhttp://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/kids/buffalo.html

�� Tricks to Catch Buffalo: Tricks to Catch Buffalo: The Plains People had many The Plains People had many ways to catch buffalo. In the old days, before the horse, ways to catch buffalo. In the old days, before the horse, they tricked buffalo into running off cliffs. Another way they tricked buffalo into running off cliffs. Another way they tricked buffalo was to have some of the men dress they tricked buffalo was to have some of the men dress up in buffalo skins and make crying sounds, like lost up in buffalo skins and make crying sounds, like lost baby buffalo. When a real buffalo left the herd, and baby buffalo. When a real buffalo left the herd, and hurried to save what she or he thought was a baby hurried to save what she or he thought was a baby buffalo in trouble, the People would kill the animal with buffalo in trouble, the People would kill the animal with spears and arrows. These ideas worked, but they were spears and arrows. These ideas worked, but they were not nearly as successful as hunting on horseback. not nearly as successful as hunting on horseback.

What were the Pawnee homes What were the Pawnee homes

like?like?

�� Most Pawnee Indians lived in settled Most Pawnee Indians lived in settled villages of round earthen villages of round earthen lodgeslodges. Pawnee . Pawnee lodges were made from wooden frames lodges were made from wooden frames covered with packed earth. covered with packed earth.

�� \\When the Pawnee tribe went on hunting When the Pawnee tribe went on hunting trips, they used buffalotrips, they used buffalo--hide hide tipistipis (or (or teepees) as temporary shelter, similar to teepees) as temporary shelter, similar to camping tents. Here are some pictures of camping tents. Here are some pictures of lodges, tipis, and other Indian houses.lodges, tipis, and other Indian houses.

What were the Pawnee homes like?What were the Pawnee homes like?

�� A tepee (tipi, teepee) is a Plains Indian home. It is made of buA tepee (tipi, teepee) is a Plains Indian home. It is made of buffalo hide fastened ffalo hide fastened around very long wooden poles, designed in a cone shape. Tepees around very long wooden poles, designed in a cone shape. Tepees were warm in the were warm in the winter and cool in the summer. Some were quite large. They couldwinter and cool in the summer. Some were quite large. They could hold 30 or 40 hold 30 or 40 people comfortably. people comfortably.

�� Tepee Poles: Tepee Poles: The 15The 15--foot poles were sometimes hard to find. Some people became foot poles were sometimes hard to find. Some people became really good at making sturdy poles. They used them for trade. A really good at making sturdy poles. They used them for trade. A typical trade would typical trade would be one horse for five poles. be one horse for five poles.

�� It was up to theIt was up to the women where to placewomen where to place a tepee. The tepee was their castle, and they a tepee. The tepee was their castle, and they were in charge of anything to do with it , including building itwere in charge of anything to do with it , including building it, erecting it, breaking it , erecting it, breaking it down for transports. She was in charge of behavior inside the tedown for transports. She was in charge of behavior inside the tepee. If she said, "Go pee. If she said, "Go to sleep," everyone had to go to sleep or leave theto sleep," everyone had to go to sleep or leave the tepee. She was in charge inside tepee. She was in charge inside the tepee. It was her tepee. the tepee. It was her tepee.

�� Painted Skins: Painted Skins: Men were in charge of the outside of the tepee. It was up to theMen were in charge of the outside of the tepee. It was up to them m to bring back the skins necessary to cover the poles. It was up to bring back the skins necessary to cover the poles. It was up to them to either to them to either bring back horses or hides to trade for poles, or to make the pobring back horses or hides to trade for poles, or to make the poles themselves. The les themselves. The men often painted the outsidemen often painted the outside of the tepee they called home. The painting was often of the tepee they called home. The painting was often symbolic of their achievements. Each tribe had their own style. symbolic of their achievements. Each tribe had their own style.

�� Inside the Tepee: Inside the Tepee: There was a small fire in the center for cooking and for warmth There was a small fire in the center for cooking and for warmth when needed. Tepees had an open space at the top, a little off cwhen needed. Tepees had an open space at the top, a little off center, to let the enter, to let the smoke out. When it rainedsmoke out. When it rained or snowed, the men were sent outside to wrap an extra or snowed, the men were sent outside to wrap an extra piece of hide around the top of the tepee. The men always left apiece of hide around the top of the tepee. The men always left a little room for little room for thethe smoke to get out. The Plainssmoke to get out. The Plains people used little furniture. They slept on buffalo people used little furniture. They slept on buffalo skins on the floor of their homes. skins on the floor of their homes.

What type of transportation did the What type of transportation did the

Pawnee use?Pawnee use?

�� Pawnees used dogs pulling Pawnees used dogs pulling travoistravois(a kind of dog sled) to help them (a kind of dog sled) to help them

carry their belongings. carry their belongings.

What type of tools did the Pawnee What type of tools did the Pawnee

use?use?

�� Pawnee hunters used bows and Pawnee hunters used bows and

arrows. arrows.

�� In war, Pawnee men fired their bows In war, Pawnee men fired their bows

or fought with war clubs and spears. or fought with war clubs and spears.

What kind of clothes did the What kind of clothes did the

Pawnee wear?Pawnee wear?�� Pawnee women wore deerskin skirts and ponchoPawnee women wore deerskin skirts and poncho--like blouses. like blouses.

Pawnee men wore Pawnee men wore breechcloths and leather leggingsbreechcloths and leather leggings and did not and did not usually wear shirts, but warriors sometimes wore special fringedusually wear shirts, but warriors sometimes wore special fringed--buckskin war shirts decorated with beadwork and painted designs.buckskin war shirts decorated with beadwork and painted designs.

�� The wore The wore moccasinsmoccasins, and in cold weather, they wore long buffalo, and in cold weather, they wore long buffalo--hide robes. hide robes.

�� Leaders sometimes wore the long Leaders sometimes wore the long warbonnetswarbonnets. .

�� Often men shaved their heads except for a Often men shaved their heads except for a scalplockscalplock (one long (one long lock of hair in back) and wore a lock of hair in back) and wore a porcupine roachporcupine roach on top. Women on top. Women wore their hair either loose or braided.wore their hair either loose or braided.

�� The Pawnee also painted their faces for special occasions. They The Pawnee also painted their faces for special occasions. They used different patterns for war paint, religious ceremonies, andused different patterns for war paint, religious ceremonies, andfestive decoration. festive decoration.

Thinking QuestionThinking Question……..

Based on how the Pawnee survived Based on how the Pawnee survived

and livedand lived……

�� Do you think the Pawnee had permanent Do you think the Pawnee had permanent

villages or did they have to move to find villages or did they have to move to find

food?food?