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NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC

Dr. Fort FelkerCenter Director

[presented by Pat Moriarty]

National Wind Technology Center

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

NWTC Overview

NPS 1.5MW Direct Drive Generator

• Turbine testing since 1977• Leader in development of

design and analysis codes• Pioneers in component

testing• Unique test facilities

• IUF• Dyno• CART turbines

• Modern utility-scale turbines• Approx. 100 staff on-site• FY 2009 DOE budget $31M• Many CRADAs with

industry• Leadership roles in

development of international standards

Blade Test Facility


010,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,00080,00090,000

100,000110,000120,000

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 11 12

Jan 2009 Cumulative MW = 115,016

Rest of World = 23,711

North America = 27,416 MWU.S 25,170

Canada 2,246

Europe = 63,889 MW

Growth of Wind Energy Capacity Worldwide

Sources: BTM World Market Update 2007; AWEA, January 2009; Windpower Monthly, January 2009

Pacific

Actual Projected

Pacific

Rest of the World Rest of the World

Asia Asia

North America North America

Europe Europe

EUUS

AsiaRest of the World

Pacific


Realistically, How Much Wind is Available?

Excludes PTC, includes transmission costs to access 10% existing electric transmission capacity within 500 miles of wind resource. Source: Black & Veatch/NREL

50% of US Electricity


• 2.5 MW - typical commercial turbine Installation

• 5.0 MW prototypes being installed for testing in Europe

• Clipper Wind Power developing an 8.5 MW turbine

• Most manufacturers have a 10 MW machine in design

• Large turbine development programs targeting offshore markets

• Development Outpacing Test & Validation Capability

Technology Development Today

Boeing 747-400


Administration's National Renewable Goals

Double renewable energy capacity

by 2012

10% renewable energy by 2012

25% renewable energy by 2025

Create 5 million new green jobs

80% GhG reduction (from 1990

levels) by 2050

Informed by “20% wind energy by

2030” landmark report issued by

DOE in May 2008

7

A New Vision for Wind Energy“20% Wind Energy by 2030”

www.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro


20% Requires 300 GW - Land & Offshore

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Actual installations 2007: 5,329 MW Actual installations

2008: 8,500 MW

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Current Installed Capacity

Capacity additions in 20% Scenario

Supply Chain Analysis Indicated no Limitations


Critical Elements for 20% Scenario Improved Performance

– 10% reduction in capital cost– 15% increase in capacity factor– Address Wind Farm underperformance

Mitigate Risk– Reduce O&M costs by 35%– Foster the confidence to support continued

20% per year growth in installation rates from now until 2018

Enhanced Transmission System (AEP)– $60 billion cost estimate over 20 yrs– 19,000 mi of line– Supports 200-400 GW addition

Policy, Communication & OutreachInfrastructure Development


Technology Assessment & Systems Analysis

Current Activities:• Turbine Technology assessment• Cost models• Market assessment & industry tracking • Risk analysis• Tracking DOE program goals• Partnering with: LBNL, MMS

Recommendations:• Expand capability, harmonize cost models • Develop project cost models for offshore wind (MMS collaboration)• Perform offshore conceptual design studies (SeaCon = WindPact)

RNA Mass / Swept Area

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WindPact Baselines

WindPact Task#5 Final

NREL Baseline 5MW

GPRA 2005 - 2025 Estimates

RePower 5MW

Enercon 6MW

Vestas 4.5MW

MultiBrid 5MW

GE 3.6MW

Clipper

V80

V90

Siemens

WindPACT Baseline Design:y = 0.1452x2.9158

LM Advanced Blade Design:y = 0.4948x2.53

WindPACT Static Load Design:y = 0.2113x2.8833

WindPACT Final Design:y = 0.1527x2.6921

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WindPACT - Static load designTPI - baseline designWindPACT - Baseline designWindPACT - Final designLM Glasfiber BladesOffshore 5 MW TurbinesWindPACT - Commercial DataTPI Innovative Concept BladesOffshore 5 MW modelsGamesa

Baseline blade mass curve = WindPACT baselineAdvanced blade mass curve = LM advanced design

Provides Economic Context


Design Codes Enable Advanced Turbines

Design codes are fundamental to the design & analysis of turbines

Turbine technology advances are limited by design code capability

Complex multi-physics modelsNREL supports industry through

development & dissemination of advanced design codes

NREL codes used by all major U.S.-based (& many foreign) manufacturers, consultants, researchers

AeroDynTurbSim

HydroDyn

FAST &ADAMS

Wind TurbineAppliedLoads

ExternalConditions

Soil

Hydro-dynamics

Aero-dynamics

Waves &Currents

Wind-Inflow PowerGeneration

RotorDynamics

Substructure Dynamics

Foundation Dynamics

DrivetrainDynamics

Control System

Soil-Struct.Interaction

Nacelle Dynamics

Tower Dynamics


Design CodesUser demand for enhancements greatly exceeds present resources

New features & user-requested changes:

– Improving WT_Perf solution algorithm– Modeling of towers with guy wires,

flexible foundations, & floating bases in BModes

– Upgrading FAST & HydroDyn with new functionality

– Overhauling AeroDyn: eliminate errors, enhance capability, improve interface

– Adding fatigue calculations to MCrunch– Releasing new MBC3 code

Applying the codes to the conceptual design, loads & stability analysis of floating wind turbine systems


Advanced Controls offer Key Opportunity

00.20.40.60.8

11.21.4

Load Category

PID State-space 2

Advanced controls can reduce loads & deflections, improve performance & reliability

CART-2

Current Activity:• Feed-forward controls using look-ahead wind

sensingo Collaboration with CU/CSM/VESTAS

• UPWIND Controls Testing (Risoe MOU)o Testing Garrad Hassan Independent Blade

Pitch Controller on CART2 and CART3• Closed loop system ID

o Collaboration with CENER• Catch the Wind

o Test the Vindicator Lidar unit and assess for feed-forward controls purposes

Future:• Industry use of CART-2 & CART-3 turbines• University collaboration


Aerodynamics & AcousticsCritical need for advanced wake models

Current Activity:NREL - Siemens 2.3 MW Aerodynamics Test• Extensive pressure measurements• LIDAR wake measurements• Understand rotor / wake interaction• CFD model validation• Advanced aerodynamics / performance / loads

controlAeroacoustic array development – testing of Northwind,

testing in Bushland with Sandia

Planned/Recommended:• Wakes – Comprehensive effort including CFD, wind

tunnel test, field test; leading to improved design codes

• Acoustic testing of Siemens (array) – GE, CART3 – removable tip testing for noise

• “Siemens Part II”: wind farm atmosphere/turbulent inflow/aero/wake

Key to understanding array effects for performance & loads


Picture used by permission of Uni-Fly A/S.

• Power performance and reliability influenced reduced in arrays.

• Understanding inflow / array interaction is key.

• Computational models, control paradigms and hardware development will be required.

• Requires a detailed understanding of:

– Rotor Wake Interactions– PBL Characteristics– Inflow / Wind farm

Interaction– Complex Terrain Effects

• Major “Grand Challenge”

Horn’s Rev

Array Aerodynamics Problem


NREL Leads US Standards Effort

Current Activities:• AWEA - US adoption of IEC standards (w/ deviations)• Research to support standards committees• Support industry (CBs, OEMs, local government)• Support MMS with offshore US requirements• Maintain testing accreditation & support new facilities

Priorities:• Certification Requirements • Blade Design Requirement • Full Turbine Load Testing Requirements• Gearbox Design Requirements• Noise Testing Requirements update• Wind Farm Performance Measurement• Offshore turbines, harmonization w/ MMS

International recognition for NREL’s role –Butterfield appointed new chair of IEC TC88

IECNCs TC88

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Proper standards lead to reliable wind turbines

Advanced Drivetrain R&D

Today

Tomorrow

GEC

NPS


Gearbox Reliability Collaborative

Current Activities:• Analysis/dyno tests/field tests• Gearbox failure data base• Industry & National Lab

participation (operators, maintenance, OEMs, designers, consultants, suppliers), many meetings.

Future:• Continue/expand SNL turbine

failure database• Micropitting research• Generator reliability collaborative• Pitch & yaw bearing reliability

collaborative• Blade reliability collaborative

Goals: improve reliability, find design process gaps, educate


Multi-MW Turbines at the NWTC

Siemens 2.3 MW

DOE 1.5 MW

DOE 1.5 MW GE Turbine:

• Model: GE 1.5SLE• Tower Height: 80 m• Rotor Diameter: 77 m• Custom elevator and observation platform• DOE owned; used for research and

education

Siemens 2.3 MW Turbine:

• Model: SWT-2.3-101• Tower Height: 80 m• Rotor Diameter: 101 m• Custom service lift• Siemens owned and operated• Multi-year R&D CRADA; aerodynamics and

rotor performance


Offshore: Opportunities & Challenges

Current Activities:• Technology characterization to frame development

of R&D needs• Coupled wind/wave design code development• Resource assessments – by state, distance, depth• Regulatory interface• International Collaborations (IEA, IEC, UpWind)

Recommendations:• Develop risk reduction measures for first projects• Technology development for different depths• Characterization of conditions – remote sensing

and measurement methods.• Code development for floating systems• Design competition to build POC platform.• Hardware, grid integration, environmental studies

for large scale development

Goal: facilitate & support US offshore wind technology


Image Credit: www.greenlaunches.com

• R&D Project developed by StatoilHydro, and Siemens

• 12 km southeast of Karmøyin Norway

• SWT - 2.3 MW architecture 82 meter diameter 65 meter tower

• Spar buoy technology 100 meter draft 202 meter water depth

Reference: w1.siemens.com

World’s First Floating Wind TurbineSiemens SWT-2.3 MW Hywind

http://www.greenlaunches.com/�


Remote Facility Development Through Strategic Partnerships

National Labs Blade Test Facilities Large Array & Distributed SystemOffshore Wind & Ocean

NWEC Role:• Technical Leadership - Establishing partnerships &

collaboratives to address diverse technology challenges• Testing Methods & Standards – Evolving new approaches &

coordinating field research & data collection activities for development & accreditation

• Information Management - Central repository for data collection, analysis & dissemination

NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC

Dr. Fort FelkerCenter DirectorNational Wind Technology Center

Contact Information:Phone: 303-384-6905Email: [email protected]

Questions?

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