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Victorian Winter CropSummary

2011

NationalVarietyTrialsA GRDC INITIATIVE

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Published by the Department of Primary Industries Grains, February 2011.

© The State of Victoria 2011.

This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968.

Authorised by the Department of Primary Industries 1 Spring Street, Melbourne 3000.

ISBN: 1835 5978

Disclaimer This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.

For more information about DPI go to www.dpi.vic.gov.au or phone the Customer Service Centre on 136 186.

VICTORIAN

WINTER CROP SUMMARY

2011

Department of Primary Industries

Editor:

Geoff Stratford – Horsham

INTRODUCTION This publication summarises information on current varieties of the major winter crops grown in Victoria. More detailed information on agronomic performance, pests and diseases can be obtained from a range of sources. The DPI website at www.dpi.vic.gov.au publishes a range of Agriculture Notes under Crops and Pastures which provide some of this more detailed information and can be downloaded free of charge. A number of other websites are cited throughout this publication to direct growers to specific information sources. Local advisers are also a key resource for information relevant to individual localities. An important role of the Winter Crop Summary is to offer a guide to crop variety choice. Each crop chapter covers the important attributes of varieties in current use and the expectations for new releases. This information is summarised in text and tables. The emphasis is on yield with quality performance as rated by marketing agencies and end-users and on reaction to diseases. At the time of printing, varieties which are subject to

PBR are annotated with the symbol . It should be noted that ‘Unauthorised commercial propagation or any sale, conditioning, export, import or stocking of propagation material of these varieties is an infringement under the Plant Breeders Right Act 1994 & that any breaching of PBR law is punishable by a maximum $50 000 fine for each offence’ The majority of variety trials presented in this book are sourced from the National Variety Trial (NVT) program. NVTs in Victoria are fully funded by Grains Research and Development Corporation and in 2010 were contracted to two Service Providers, Agrisearch

Services Pty Ltd and South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI). National Variety Trials provide independent information on varieties for growers. The aim of each NVT is to document, for growers, a ranking of new and widely adopted varieties in terms of grain yield and to provide grain quality information relevant to delivery standards. Detailed information from the NVT program is available on their website, www.nvtonline.com.au. Conducted to a set of predetermined protocols, NVTs are sown and managed as close as possible to local best practice such as sowing time, fertiliser application, weed management and pest and disease control. NVTs are not designed to grow varieties to their maximum yield potential. Fungicides were generally not applied to cereal trials. However, a number of trials were split so that 2 replicates were sprayed for stripe rust control and 2 replicates were not sprayed. The results of only the sprayed component is reported in this document. Fungicides were applied to pulse trials, only as required. It is acknowledged that an ongoing project of this type would not be possible without the cooperation of farmers prepared to contribute sites and who often assist with the management of trials on their property. If this publication prompts readers to ask more questions of their consultants, advisers and marketing agents as part of a decision to modify their paddock management, change to a new variety or try a new crop, then it has fulfilled its purpose.

Wheat

2 Victorian Winter Crop Summary

WHEAT INTRODUCTION – Lessons from 2010

The 2010 season finally saw a turnaround in the drought conditions experienced variously across Victoria for more than a decade. Summer and autumn rainfall encouraged the growth of self sown cereals. This growth over summer is called the green bridge because it allows diseases like rust to be carried from one season to the next. Sowing conditions were generally good across the state with many crops sown early in April, although some growers in the north of the state were forced to delay sowing to avoid locust damage. Some re-sowing was necessary where locusts devoured early sown crops. Crops emerging in good growing conditions exhibited few root disease problems and established well. Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV) was evident in some crops, probably due to the green bridge allowing the build up of aphids as aphids carry BYDV. Major infections of yellow leaf spot were also recorded in the Mallee, especially in Yitpi crops sown into wheat stubble. Yellow leaf spot was only a minor problem in the Wimmera. Above average rainfall in late August and September resulted in some crops adjacent to water courses being flooded. In the south west of the state water logging was evident in many crops. Stripe rust was also prevalent in the spring but early fungicide control proved effective. Stem rust was prevalent in late September but cool conditions did not favour a severe outbreak. Early stripe rust control may have limited the spread of stem rust. Minimising the green bridge remains a key control strategy to limit the outbreak of foliar diseases like stripe and stem rust. Early and mid summer rains indicate a green bridge will be a potential issue in 2011. Each season brings its own disease problems, agronomists warn that rusts and other diseases such as cereal cyst nematode, take-all and crown rot have the ability to manifest rapidly and could be an issue in 2011. Variety selection should still take resistance and tolerance to diseases into consideration, as disease resistance is the cheapest control option for major wheat diseases. Early sowing has been a highlight of recent seasons, although not so significant in 2010. The message remains; assess the risk of frost and be prepared and sow promptly when the opportunity arises. In some environments this may require sowing a portion of the crop dry to make best use of break rains when they fall. By the second half of spring, potential existed for a record harvest across Victoria. All progressed well until frequent above average rainfall events occurred just as the wheat harvest began in the north of the state. A significant portion of crops were downgraded due to shot and sprouted grain. Early maturing varieties appeared to fare worst although weather damage was almost unavoidable in some areas given the number and extent of rainfall events. Cutting wheat for hay remains an option if early potential is considered unlikely to be fulfilled due to a dry or early finish or when potential appears above average and some returns are locked in before the grain harvest. Early sown crops offer higher hay yields and therefore higher returns.

Fusarium head blight was observed in a small number of northern crops and seed should not be retained from these crops. A minor number of reports of smut and bunt are a reminder that failure to use seed dressing can have severe consequences. Growers need to be aware of the potential for disease in their crops before choosing to forego the effective treatments available. Selecting varieties becomes complex with a greater number of varieties being marketed. Growers should base their selections on disease resistance as well as agronomic attributes such as grain yield, adaptability, grain quality and market potential. The following chapter on wheat briefly summarises some of the key comparative information, more detailed information can be found at www.nvtonline.com.au. Up to date and detailed information on cereal diseases can be down loaded from the DPI website www.dpi.vic.gov.au.

VARIETY DESCRIPTIONS

Information about each variety is presented as overview statements, then as comparison tables of yield, crop growth and disease reaction characteristics. Abbreviations used are:

denotes that Plant Breeder Rights apply CCN Cereal Cyst Nematode

BYDV Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus RLN Root Lesion Nematode

APH Australian Prime Hard (min protein 13%) AH Australian Hard (min protein 11.5%)

APW Australian Premium White (min protein 10%) ASW Australian Standard White

ASWN Australian Noodle (Protein 9.5–11.5%) ASFT Australian Soft

AGP General Purpose Bread wheat – AXE

APW quality in Victoria. Semi dwarf awned wheat with early maturity. Resistant to moderately resistant to stripe rust, moderately resistant to leaf rust and moderately susceptible to stem rust. Susceptible to yellow leaf spot, CCN and Septoria tritici and moderately susceptible to Pratylenchus neglectus. Good yield under terminal drought stress. Tested as RAC1192 and marketed by AGT seeds. Bread wheat – BOLAC

AH quality in Victoria. Mid to late season maturity, fully awned. Resistant to moderately resistant to stripe rust, moderately resistant to stem rust and moderately susceptible to leaf rust. Moderately susceptible to susceptible to yellow leaf spot and susceptible to crown rot. While slightly earlier in maturity than Kellalac, Bolac should be a suitable milling wheat for south-west Victoria. Tested as VQ2621 and marketed by Viterra Seeds. Bread wheat – CARINYA

AH quality in Victoria. A main season spring wheat very similar to Janz but shorter and with improved black point tolerance. Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to stripe and leaf rust and resistant to moderately resistant to stem rust. It is rated susceptible to crown rot. Tested as Sun421T and marketed by AGT Seeds.

Wheat

Victorian Winter Crop Summary 3

Bread wheat – CHARA

AH quality in Victoria. Resistant to CCN, moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to stem rust, moderately susceptible to leaf rust and moderately susceptible to susceptible to stripe rust. Chara performs well on the moderately acid soils of central and north-eastern Victoria and southern NSW and where high yields are expected. Chara has a reputation for water logging tolerance. Tested as V1341R, registered in 1999 and marketed by AWB Seeds. Bread wheat – CLEARFIELD JNZ

AH classification in Victoria. An imidazolinone herbicide tolerant semi dwarf wheat. Resistant to moderately resistant to stem rust, moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to leaf rust, moderately susceptible to susceptible to stripe rust and susceptible to CCN. Tested as WAWHT 2339, registered 2001 and marketed by Nuseed. Bread wheat – CORRELL

AH quality in Victoria. Mid season maturity and fully awned. Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to stripe and stem rust, moderately susceptible to susceptible to leaf rust and susceptible to very susceptible to yellow leaf spot. Moderately resistant to CCN and tolerant of boron toxicity, with improved black point tolerance compared to Yitpi. Tested as WI23322 and marketed by AGT Seeds. Bread wheat – DERRIMUT

AH quality in Victoria. Semi dwarf variety five days earlier maturity than Yitpi. Moderately resistant to stem rust, resistant to leaf rust and CCN and moderately susceptible to susceptible to stripe rust. Moderately tolerant of boron toxicity. Tested as NGSP005 and marketed by Nuseed. Bread wheat – EGA GREGORY

APW quality in Victoria. Early to mid season variety with medium to slow maturity. Moderately resistant to stripe and stem rust, resistant to moderately resistant to leaf rust, and susceptible to CCN. Marketed by Pacific Seeds. Bread wheat - EGA WEDGETAIL

APW quality in Victoria. Has marginal rust resistance for Victorian high rainfall regions, being moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to stripe and stem rust. A mid to long season dual purpose winter wheat (see note page 6). Developed for early April to mid May sowing, has a similar maturity to Rosella. It is tolerant of acid soils and suitable for early winter grazing. Suited to high rainfall areas. Tested as M5880, registered 2002 and marketed by AWB Seeds.

Bread wheat – ESPADA

APW quality in Victoria. A mid-season awned variety of moderately short plant height. Resistant to moderately resistant to stem rust, resistant to leaf rust, moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to stripe rust and moderately susceptible to CCN, yellow leaf spot and root lesion nematode. Tested as RAC1263 and marketed by AGT Seeds.

Bread wheat – ESTOC

Expected to be APW quality in Victoria. A mid to late season white chaffed and awned variety slightly earlier flowering than Yitpi. Moderately resistant to stem rust, moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to stripe rust and leaf rust and moderately resistant to CCN. Tested as RAC1412 and marketed by AGT Seeds. Bread wheat - FRAME

APW quality and is now largely displaced by Yitpi. The combination of large grain, low screenings, moderate CCN resistance and tolerance, good early vigour and boron tolerance made Frame a popular choice with Mallee growers. Moderately susceptible to stem and stripe rust and moderately susceptible to susceptible to leaf rust and susceptible to very susceptible to yellow leaf spot. It has poor straw strength. Suited to low rainfall areas. Released by the Waite Institute in 1994. Bread wheat – GASCOIGNE

APW quality in Victoria. An awned semi dwarf variety of medium height with strong straw and lodging tolerance. Resistant to moderately resistant to stripe rust, resistant to leaf rust and moderately resistant to stem rust. Suited to medium to high rainfall regions. Tested as HRZ02.2.15. Bread wheat – GBA RUBY

ASW quality in Victoria. Moderately susceptible to stem rust, moderately susceptible to susceptible to stripe rust and moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to leaf rust. It appears to be broadly adapted across a range of low and medium rainfall acid soil environments. Susceptible to CCN. Tested as Ruby or GBA199-099, registered 2003 and marketed by Seedmark Pty Ltd.

Bread wheat – GLADIUS

AH quality in Victoria. Semi dwarf mid season variety. Moderately resistant to stem rust, moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to stripe rust and moderately susceptible to leaf rust, yellow leaf spot and CCN. Susceptible to crown rot with black point tolerance. Tested as RAC 1262 and marketed by AGT Seeds. Bread wheat - JANZ

AH quality, Janz is a very widely adapted variety of good grain quality, particularly for the export market. Susceptible to CCN, resistant to moderately resistant to stem rust, moderately susceptible to stripe rust and moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to leaf rust. Suits medium – low rainfall areas. Bread wheat – KELLALAC

APW quality and a high protein achiever. A late maturity spring wheat, well adapted to longer season environments, but not tolerant of very acid soils. Kellalac is moderately resistant to CCN, moderately susceptible to susceptible to stem rust, susceptible to very susceptible to leaf rust and moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to stripe rust. Growers should be prepared to spray for leaf rust if they grow Kellalac. Bread Wheat – LIVINGSTON

AH quality in Victoria. An early maturing, fully awned variety of semi dwarf height and medium straw strength. Moderately resistant to stem rust, resistant to moderately resistant to stripe rust, resistant to leaf rust and moderately susceptible to susceptible to yellow leaf spot. Tested as SUN389A. Marketed by AGT Seeds.

Wheat


Bread wheat – LRPB CATALINA

AH quality in Victoria. Mid season variety which is semi dwarf and awned. Resistant to moderately resistant to leaf and stem rust, moderately susceptible to stripe rust and resistant to CCN. Moderately susceptible to susceptible to yellow leaf spot and intolerant to boron toxicity. Tested as LPB0268 and marketed by AWB Seeds. Bread wheat – LRPB LINCOLN

AH quality in Victoria. Mid season variety, semi dwarf with awns with good straw strength and moderate lodging resistance. Moderately resistant to stem and leaf rust and resistant to moderately resistant to stripe rust. Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to yellow leaf spot. Suited to medium to higher rainfall areas. Tested as LPB03-0545 and marketed by Pacific Seeds. Bread wheat – LRPB SCOUT

APW quality in Victoria. An awned white chaff variety with mid season maturity. Resistant to leaf rust and CCN. Moderately resistant to lodging. Moderately resistant to stem rust, moderately susceptible to stripe rust and susceptible to very susceptible to Yellow Leaf Spot. Tested as LRPB05-1164 and marketed by Pacific Seeds. Bread wheat – LRPB SPITFIRE

Provisional AH classification in Victoria. Early to mid season maturity, long coleoptile, white chaffed of medium plant height and moderately susceptible to lodging. Moderately resistant to stem rust and stripe rust and moderately susceptible to leaf rust. Moderately susceptible to susceptible to yellow leaf spot and moderately susceptible to Crown Rot and Black Point. Tested as LPB05-2148 and marketed by Pacific Seeds. Bread wheat – MAGENTA

APW quality in Victoria. An awned semi-dwarf mid to long season variety. Resistant to moderately resistant to stem rust, moderately susceptible to stripe rust, moderately resistant to leaf rust and moderately resistant to yellow leaf spot. Tested as WAWHT2726 and marketed by Nuseed. Bread wheat – MACE

AH quality in Victoria. An awned variety of medium height. Susceptible to very susceptible to stripe rust, moderately resistant to stem rust and resistant to leaf rust. Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to CCN and yellow leaf spot. Tested as RAC1372 and marketed by AGT Seeds. Bread wheat – MERINDA

AH quality in Victoria. An awned semi-dwarf variety with white chaff. Resistant to moderately resistant to stem and stripe rust, resistant to leaf rust, moderately susceptible to crown rot and moderately susceptible to susceptible to yellow leaf spot. Tested as SUN435D and marketed by AGT Seeds. Bread wheat – PEAKE

AH quality in Victoria. Semi dwarf, awned variety with early to mid season maturity. Resistant to leaf rust, moderately resistant to stem rust and moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to stripe rust. Resistant to CCN and tolerant of boron toxicity. Tested as NGSP006 and marketed by Nuseed.

Bread wheat - ROSELLA

A soft noodle variety, but requires niche marketing; otherwise ASWN quality. A proven winter wheat (see note page 5) with a medium growing season. Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to stem rust, moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to stripe rust, moderately resistant to leaf rust and susceptible to CCN. Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to stripe rust. Rosella is best suited to the medium rainfall regions of the Wimmera, central and north-east Victoria and southern NSW. Bread wheat – SENTINEL

ASW quality in Victoria. Mid to long season variety of medium height and excellent lodging and shattering resistance. Resistant to leaf rust and resistant to moderately resistant to stem and stripe rust. Moderately susceptible to yellow leaf spot and susceptible to CCN. Suited to the medium to higher rainfall regions of Victoria. Tested as LR1075 and marketed by AWB Seeds. Bread wheat – VENTURA

AH quality in Victoria. Medium height, semi dwarf variety with early maturity. Resistant to moderately resistant to stem rust, moderately susceptible to stripe rust, resistant to leaf rust, susceptible to CCN and tolerant of acid soils. Susceptible to yellow leaf spot and moderately susceptible to septoria. Prone to shattering. Best suited to medium and low rainfall on acid soils. Tested as Sun376G and marketed by AGT Seeds. Bread wheat – WAAGAN

ASW quality in Victoria. White chaffed variety with awns. Moderately susceptible to stem rust, susceptible to stripe rust, moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to leaf rust, susceptible to CCN and moderately susceptible to susceptible to yellow leaf spot. Bred by AGT and Enterprise Grains Australia. Tested as WW12410 and marketed by AGT Seeds. Bread wheat – WYALKATCHEM

APW quality in Victoria.. Short stature and reduced straw with moderate resistance to yellow leaf spot may make it attractive for stubble retention systems. Susceptible to CCN, resistant to leaf rust, moderately susceptible to stem rust and susceptible to stripe rust. Best adapted to low rainfall regions. Tested as WAWHT2212, registered in 2001 and marketed by Seedmark Pty Ltd. Bread wheat – YITPI

AH quality with resistance and tolerance to CCN. Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to stripe rust, susceptible to stem rust and moderately susceptible to susceptible to leaf rust. Boron tolerant, large grain and low screenings. Yitpi has dominated production in low rainfall areas of Victoria due to its higher yields and improved grain quality. Suits low – medium rainfall areas. Registered 2000 and marketed by AWB Seeds. Bread wheat – YOUNG

AH quality in Victoria. An early to mid maturing variety with moderate resistance to stem and leaf rust, moderately susceptible to stripe rust and resistant to CCN. A replacement for Janz, H45 and Diamondbird. Has small grain size. Suited to medium rainfall areas, tolerant of acid soils.Tested as VQ326, registered 2005 and marketed by Viterra Seeds.

Wheat


Biscuit wheat – BARHAM

ASFT1 quality in Victoria. Mid season variety which is awnless. Moderately resistant to stem rust, moderately susceptible to susceptible to stripe rust and moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to leaf rust. Moderately resistant to Pratylenchus neglectus and moderately susceptible to yellow leaf spot, intolerant of boron. Replacement for Bowie. Tested as VO2697 and marketed by Viterra Seeds. Biscuit wheat - BOWIE

ASFT1 quality in Victoria. An awnless variety which is moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to CCN, susceptible to stem and stripe rust and moderately susceptible to leaf rust. It has good yield potential. Suits medium rainfall areas. Durum – CAPAROI

Feed quality in Victoria. Mid season semi dwarf type with strong seedling vigour, strong straw and lodging and shedding resistance. Resistant to stem and leaf rust, resistant to moderately resistant to stripe rust. Tested as TD20F and marketed by AWB Seeds.

Durum – EGA BELLAROI

ADR quality with good semolina colour. A mid maturing variety, earlier than Yitpi. Resistant to stem and leaf rust and yellow leaf spot and moderately resistant to stripe rust. Registered 2002 and marketed by Seedmark Pty Ltd. Durum – HYPERNO

Feed quality in Victoria. An awned mid-season white chaffed variety. Resistant to stem rust, moderately resistant to stripe rust, resistant to moderately resistant to leaf rust and moderately resistant to sprouting and black point. Intolerant of boron. Tested as WID22209 and marketed by AGT Seeds Durum – JANDAROI

Feed quality in Victoria. Semi-dwarf variety for main and late season planting. Moderately resistant to stripe rust, resistant to stem and leaf rust, common root rot, yellow leaf spot and root lesion nematode and susceptible to crown rot. Tested as TD97E and marketed by AWB Seeds Durum - KALKA

ADR quality in Victoria. Kalka is derived from Yallaroi so has similar attributes to Yallaroi, but also has boron tolerance, resistant to moderately resistant to stem and leaf rust, moderately resistant to stripe rust and very susceptible to crown rot. Durum – SAINTLY

Feed quality in Victoria. An early maturing awnless variety suited to short season environments. Resistant to moderately resistant to stem rust, moderately resistant to stripe rust, moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to leaf rust and moderately resistant to black point. Intolerant of boron. Tested as WID22279 and marketed by AGT Seeds. Feed/Dual purpose – MACKELLER

Feed quality in Victoria. A dual purpose red grained, awnless late maturing winter wheat for grazing/hay as well as grain production. Resistant to BYDV and moderately resistant stem rust, resistant to stripe rust and susceptible to leaf rust. Tested as LH64C, registered 2001 and marketed by AWB Seeds.

Feed/Dual purpose – NAPAROO

Feed quality in Victoria. An awnless long season winter variety. Resistant to stripe and leaf rust, resistant to moderately resistant to stem rust, moderately susceptible to yellow leaf spot and moderately susceptible to susceptible to crown rot. Tested as SUN414F and marketed by AGT Seeds. Feed – AMAROK

Feed quality winter wheat (see note page 5) with short straw and excellent standing ability. Suited to early winter sowing and long growing season areas of south-eastern Australia. High yielding with resistance to stem and leaf rust and moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to stripe rust. Marketed by GrainSearch. Feed – FRELON

An awned feed grade red winter wheat with very high yield potential. It is a long season variety similar to Mackellar and can be suitable for dual purpose applications when early sowing is possible. Resistant to stripe rust and leaf rust but susceptible to stem rust. Suited to high rainfall environments of SW Victoria and Gippsland. Bred by PBI Cambridge and developed for Australia by PGG Wrightson Grain and GrainSearch. Marketed by AGF Seeds. Feed – LRPB BEAUFORT

An awnless red grained feed grade variety. Mid to long season with strong straw suited to early to mid season sowing in medium to high rainfall environments. Resistant to leaf rust, resistant to moderately resistant to stripe rust and susceptible to very susceptible to stem rust. Tested as LR1078 and marketed by GrainSearch. Feed – PRESTON

May achieve APW quality in Victoria. An awned shortish semi dwarf variety which is resistant to lodging. Resistant to moderately resistant to stripe rust, resistant to leaf rust and susceptible to very susceptible to stem rust. Susceptible to CCN. Tested as HRZ.03.6297.2 and marketed by AWB Seeds. Feed – SQP REVENUE

A red grained feed quality winter wheat variety which is short in stature. Has good early vigour with similar maturity to Mackellar and high yield in initial testing. Resistant to stem, stripe and leaf rust. Bred by AusGrainz and CSIRO, tested as CSIRO 95102.1 and marketed by GrainSearch.

Note

Winter wheats; These should only be grown in high rainfall, long growing season environments such as southern Victoria. They have the major advantage of adaptability to a wide range of sowing times provided sowing takes place before mid winter to allow their cold requirement to be met. Maturity varies once their cold requirement has been met. This winter habit delays flowering in early sowings, thus reducing the risk of frost damage.

Wheat


Table 1: Suggested minimum levels of wheat

disease resistance for the southern region

Rust Annual rainfall

Stem Stripe Leaf Yellow

leaf spot

Septoria tritici

Low < 350 mm

MS-S MS MS MS-S S

Medium 300-550 mm

MS MR-MS MS MS-S MS

High * > 500 mm

MR MR MR MS-S MS

* unless a suitable program of disease control by fungicide applications can be planned and carried out.

Table 2: Wheat time of sowing guide.

This table is a guide only and has been compiled from observations of local departmental agronomists MALLEE April May June July

Barham, Chara > X X X X X <

Catalina, Carinya, Clearfield Jnz, Correll, Derrimut, Espada, Frame, GBA Ruby, Gladius, Janz, Lincoln, Livingston, Merinda, Peake, Scout, Yitpi

> X X X X X < <

Axe, Ventura, Wyalkatchem, Young > > X X X X X < <

WIMMERA April May June July

Bolac, Rosella > X X X X X X <

Axe, Barham, Bowie, Catalina, Chara, Clearfield Jnz, Correll, Dakota, Derrimut, Espada, Frame, Gladius, Janz, Kalka, Lincoln, Livingston, Magenta, Merinda, Peake, Scout, Yitpi, Bellaroi

> X X X X X < < <

Ventura, Wyalkatchem, Young > > X X X X X < <

NORTH CENTRAL April May June July

Bolac, Magenta, Rosella, Yenda > X X X X X X < <

Annuello, Axe, Barham, Bowie, Catalina, Chara, Clearfield Jnz, Correll, Dakota, Derrimut, Drysdale, Frame, Gladius, Goldmark, Guardian, Janz, Lincoln, Livingston, Peake, Pugsley, Ruby, Scout, Waagan, Yitpi

> X X X X X < <

Ventura, Wyalkatchem, Young > > X X X X X < <

NORTH EAST April May June July

McKellar, Rudd, Tennant X X X <

Brennan X X X X X <

Rosella, Wedgetail, Whistler > X X X X X X <

Bolac, Chara, Gregory, Magenta, Sentinel, Yenda > X X X X X < <

Barham, Bowie, Catalina, Clearfield Jnz, Dakota, Diamondbird, Drysdale, Guardian, Janz, Lincoln, Pugsley, Ruby, Waagan, Yitpi

> X X X X X <

Ventura, Wyalkatchem, Young > X X X <

SOUTH WEST April May June July

Amarok, Frelon, McKellar, Preston, Rudd, Tennant X X X X X X X X X X < <

Kellalac, Wedgetail > X X X X X X X X <

Bolac, Chara, Sentinel, Yenda > X X X X X X X <

Young > X X X X X <

>earlier than ideal, X optimum sowing time, < later than ideal but acceptable

Wheat


Table 3: Wheat variety agronomic guide

Maximum Quality

Rainfall Screenings Maturity Height Coleop length

Lodging Sprouting Head type Soil tolerance

Vic Low 500 mm

Colour Awn Boron Acid

BREAD WHEAT Axe APW �� MR E M-S MS M W A I Bolac AH �� M-L M M-H W A I I Carinya AH �� MR-MS M M M I W A I I Catalina AH �� MR-MS M M W A I Chara AH �� MR M-L M M-S M-H W A MI MT Clearfield JNZ AH �� M M W A I Correll AH �� MR M M ML M W A MT Derrimut AH �� MS E-M M-S W A MT EGA Gregory APW �� W A EGAWedgetail APW �� MR ML(wM) M M W A I MT Espada APW �� MR M S W A T Estoc APW? �� M-L T W A T Frame APW �� R M M ML L I W A MT Gascoigne APW �� MR M M H W A GBARuby ASW �� M M W A MT Gladius AH �� MR M M W A T Janz AH �� MS M M M M I W A I I Kellalac APW �� MS L M M M I W A MI I Livingston AH �� E-M M M I W A MT Lincoln AH �� MR M M M W A Mace AH �� MR E M W A T Magenta APW �� M-L L I W A Merinda AH �� M M M W A Peake AH �� MR E-M M-S W A T Rosella ASWN �� MS ML(w) M ML M I W A I I Scout APW �� M M ML MR W A MT MT Sentinel APW �� MR-MS ML M R MT Spitfire AH (P) �� E-M M L L-M W A Ventura AH �� MR E-M M M I W A I MT Wyalkatchem ASW �� R E S MS M W A Yitpi AH �� MR M ML ML M T W A MT Young AH �� MS E-M M M M-L I W A I MT BISCUIT WHEAT Barham ASFT �� M M H W AL I Bowie ASFT �� MR M M MS M I W AL MI DURUM Caparoi Feed �� M H MS H I EGABellaroi ADR �� R M S-M H T W A I I Hyperno Feed �� M M T W A I Jandaroi Feed E M MS M I Kalka ADR �� MR M M M M W A T Saintly Feed �� E AL I FEED WHEAT Amarok Feed �� L S H Frelon Feed �� L R A Beaufort Feed �� ML M M T R AL MT Mackeller Feed �� L M T R AL Preston FEED/APW �� S R A SQP Revenue Feed �� S H R AL

LS = late sown Maturity: (w) = winter, VL = very late, L = late, M = mid, E = early, VE = very early. Height; S = short, M = medium, T = tall` Coleoptile length; S = short, M = medium, L = long Lodging resistance; L = low. M= medium, H = high Sprouting/Soil tolerance; I = intolerant, T = tolerant Head Colour; W = white, B = black, R = red Head type; A = awned, AL = awnless.

Wheat


Table 4 : Wheat variety disease rating guide

# Varieties marked may no longer be resistant due to the occurrence of new races making these varieties susceptible. * These ratings are less reliable and should be treated with caution. Yr17 Has the stripe rust resistance gene Yr17 which is effective against the “WA”, “Jackie” and “Jackie Yr27” pathotypes, but ineffective against the “WA Yr17” pathotype for which the expected field rating is shown. Yr27# These lines have effective resistance against the “WA”, “WA Yr17” and “Jackie” pathotypes, but will be more susceptible to the to the “Jackie Yr27” pathotype. The degree of susceptibility is, however, unknown. R= Resistant MR = Moderately resistant MS = Moderately susceptible S = Susceptible VS = Very susceptible T = Tolerant MT = Moderately tolerant MI = Moderately intolerant I = Intolerant

Root lesion nematode Rust CCN

P. neglectus P. thornei

Stem Stripe Leaf Res Tol

Yellow leaf

spot Septoria

tritici Res Tol Res Tol

Crown

rot Common

root rot Black tip*

Flag

smut

BREAD WHEAT

Axe MS R-MR MR S - S S-VS MS MS S MS-S MS-S S

Bolac MR R-MR MS S - MS-S MS S - MS - S S MR-MS R-MR

Carinya R-MR MR-MS vr17 MR-MS S S MS S MS-S MI S MR-MS S MS

Catalina R-MR MS R-MR R - MS-S MS MS - MS-S - S MR-MS S R-MR

Chara MR-MS MS-S MS R MI MS-S MS S MT MR MT S S MS MR

Clearfield JNZ R-MR MS-S MR-MS S I MS-S MR-MS MS-S MI S - S MS-S S R-MR

Correll MR-MS MR-MS MS-S MR - S-VS MR-MS S - MS - S MS MR-MS R

Derrimut MR MS-Svr17 R R - S MS-S S - MS-S MI S S S R

EGA Gregory MR MR R-MR S - S MR-MS* - - MS-S* MT S - MS* R

EGA Wedgetail MR-MS MR-MS MS S - S MR-MS - - - - S - MS* MR-MS

Espada R-MR MR-MS vr17 R MS - MS S MS - MS-S - S MS-S MS-S MR-MS

Estoc MR MR-MS MR-MS MR - MS-S S S-VS - - - - MS MR-MS MR-MS

Frame MS MS MS-S MR MT S-VS MS MS-S MT S MI S S MS MR

GBA Ruby MS MS-S vr27 MR-MS S - MS MS - - MT S MS MS S

Gladius MR MR-MS vr17 MS MS - MS MS-S MS-S - MS-S - S MS MR R-MR

Janz R-MR MS MR-MS S I S MS MS-S MI S MI MS-S MS-S S R

Kellalac MS-S MR-MS S-VS MR MI S MS-S - - S MT - - - R

Livingston MS R-MR R S - MS-S S-VS S - MR MT-MI S S MR-MS* R

LRPB Dakota MR S

LRPB Lincoln MR R-MR MR S - MR-MS S S - S I S MS MR-MS* R-MR

LRPB Spitfire MR MR MS - - MS-S MS* - - - MT MS MS

Mace MR S-VS vr17 R MR-MS MR-MS MR-MS MR - - - S MS-S MS S

Magenta R-MR MS MR - - MR-MS MR-MS - -

Merinda R-MR R-MR vr27 R S - MS-S S-VS* S - MR - MS-S MS* MR* MS-S

Peake MR MR-MS R R - S S S - MS I S S MS-S MR-MS

Rosella MR-MS MR-MS MR S I S MS MS I S - VS S S S

Scout MR MS vr17 R R - S-VS MS S - - - S S* MR-MS R-MR

Sentinel R-MR R-MR R S - MS MS-S S - MS MT-MI MS-S S MR-MS MS-S

Ventura R-MR MS,Yr17 R S - S MS MS-S - MR MT-MI MS MS-S MR MR

Waagan MS S,Yr27 MR-MS S - MS-S MS-S S - S - S S MS S-VS

Wyalkatchem MS S R S MI MR MR MR-MS MT-T S* MI S S MS S-VS

Yitpi S MR-MS MS-S MR MT S-VS MR-MS MS MT S - S MS MS MR

Young MR MSYr17 MR R - MR-MS MR-MS S - MS - S MS-S MR* MS

BISCUIT WHEAT

Barham MR MS-SYr17 MR-MS MR-MS - MS MS-S MR - MS - S MS-S MS MR-MS

Bowie S SYr17 MS MR-MS MT MS-S MS MR MT MS MI S S MR-MS MS

DURUM

Hyperno R MR R-MR MS - MR-MS - MR-MS - - - VS - MR _

Kalka R-MR MR R-MR MS MT MR MS MR-MS - R* - VS - - R

Saintly R-MR MR MR-MS* MS - M-R MR-MS MR-MS - - - VS - MR* -

FEED WHEAT

LR Beaufort S-VS R-MR R - - MR-MS MS - - - - MS-S - - R

Brennan MS R-MR R - - MS MR - - - - - - MS-S R

Frelon S R R* - - MS MR - - - - - - - VS*

Mackellar MR R S - - MR-MS MR MS - - - - - MS-S MS*

Preston S-VS R-MR R* S - S* MR* - - - - MS-S - - S-VS

SQP Revenue R R R - - MS-S MR MS - - - S* S-VS MS S

Wheat


Table 5: Victorian wheat varieties - Domestic Flours Millers Assessment, interpretation provided by David

Hogan, Quality Operations Manager for Laucke Flour Mills.

End Product

category

Variety Preferred

grade

Max

class

grade

Plant

bakery

Artisan

breads

Comment

Axe APW APW 1 1 Very poor water absorption, strong dough characteristics and long mix time

Bolac AH AH 2 2 Marginal AH - strong dough characteristics Carinya AH AH 3 1 Acceptable AH quality - has low Water Absorption &

strong dough Catalina AH AH 1 1 Marginal water absorption, very strong dough with slightly

long mix time Chara AH AH 1 2 Optimum value as separate segregation due to excess

mix requirement. Clearfield Jnz AH AH 3 2 Acceptable AH quality Correll AH AH 3 1 Acceptable AH quality Derrimut AH AH 3 1 Appears acceptable as AH quality to suit plant bakery Espada APW APW 1 2 No rapid dough baking data available Frame APW APW 3 2 Good APW quality- has short extension Janz AH AH 3 Acceptable AH quality - has water absorption at lower

level of acceptability Livingston AH AH 3 2 Appears acceptable as AH quality to suit plant bakery GBA Saphire APW APW 1 1 Marginal APW - has strong dough and long mix. Gladius AH AH 1 2 Very strong dough properties with excessive mix time Guardian APW APW 1 Has poor water absorption, strong dough characteristics

and long mix time Kellalac APW APW 2 Acceptable APW quality - has weak dough & poor bake Magenta APW APW 2 1 Marginally acceptable for plant bakeries Merinda AH AH 3 3 Has strong and extensible dough properties Peake AH AH 3 Appears acceptable as AH quality to suit plant bakery.

Some speciality uses. Ventura AH AH 3 1 Appears acceptable as AH quality to suit plant bakery Waagan ASW ASW 1 1 Not preferred - Poor bake performance Wyalkatchem APW APW 3 1 Good APW quality - but marginal water absorbtion Yitpi AH AH 3 2 Acceptable AH quality Young AH AH 2 2 Marginal AH quality - has strong dough & long mix time New varieties – indicative assessments only

EGA Gregory APW APW 2 1 Limited data available for Vic EGA Kidman AH AH 2 2 Preliminary results indicate AH Quality Gascoigne APW APW 2 1 Marginal APW - poor extensibility Mace AH AH 3 1 Preliminary results indicate AH Quality Preston APW APW 3 1 Potentially suitable APW quality Scout APW APW 2 1 Marginally suitable APW, marginal long mix requirement

On the quality scale, a rating of 3 is preferred for a particular varietal end-use, 3 preferred, 2 suitable, 1 not suitable

Table 5: (Continued): Victorian wheat varieties - Domestic Flours Millers Assessment, interpretation

provided by David Hogan, Quality Operations Manager for Laucke Flour Mills.

End product category

Variety Preferred

Grade

Max

Class

grade

Biscuit Cake Hot

plate

goods

Comment

Barham Soft SF1 3 2 Acceptable Biscuit quality Bowie Soft SF1 3 3 2 Acceptable Biscuit quality Wyuna Soft SF1 3 3 1 Acceptable Biscuit quality Yenda Soft SF1 3 2 Acceptable Biscuit quality Lorikeet Noodle ANW 2 2 3 Acceptable Noodle quality Rosella Noodle ANW 2 3 3 Acceptable noodle or biscuit quality, depending on

protein level. On the quality scale, a rating of 3 is preferred for a particular varietal end-use, 3 preferred, 2 suitable, 1 not suitable

Wheat


Table 6: Wheat disease guide.

Disease Organism Symptoms Occurrence Inoculum source Control

FOLIAR

Leaf rust Puccinia triticinia Small orange-brown powdery pustules on leaf.

Develops in spring. Favoured by mild (15°C–22°C) moist weather.

Airborne spores from living wheat plants.

Resistant varieties, control volunteer summer-autumn wheat. Seed dressings and foliar fungicides.

Stem rust Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici

Red-brown, powdery, oblong pustules with tattered edges on leaf and stem.

Can develop from mid spring into summer. Favoured by warm (15–30°C) humid weather.

Airborne spores from living plants (wheat, barley, durum and triticale).

Resistant varieties, control volunteer summer-autumn wheat and barley. Foliar fungicides.

Stripe rust Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

Yellow powdery pustules often in stripes on leaves.

Can develop throughout the growing season. Favoured by cool (8–15°C), moist weather.

Airborne spores from living wheat and barley grass plants.

Resistant varieties, fungicides (seed, fertiliser and foliar), control volunteer summer- autumn wheat.

Septoria nodorum blotch (Glume blotch)

Stagonospora nodorum

Leaf lesions with minute black spots, leaf death. Can infect the head.

More common in early sown crops and in wet springs

Initially airborne spores released from stubble, and then spread by rain splashed spores within crop.

Resistant varieties, foliar fungicides, seed treatments, stubble removal.

Septoria tritici blotch

Septoria tritici (Mycosphaerella graminicola)

Leaf lesions with minute black spots, leaf death.

More common in early sown crops and in wet springs.

Initially airborne spores released from stubble, and then spread by rain splashed spores within crop.

Resistant varieties, foliar fungicides, seed treatments, stubble removal.

Yellow spot Pyrenophora tritici-repentis

Leaf lesions often with yellow border, leaf death.

More severe in close rotations, when wheat is sown into wheat stubble.

Ascospores from stubble infect plants. Then secondary spread is by airborne spores in spring.

Stubble removal, crop rotation, foliar fungicides, resistant varieties.

BYDV Barley yellow dwarf virus

Yellowing, dwarfing of infected plants, interveinal chlorosis, reduced seed set.

Most common in perennial grass pastures and in early sown crops.

A virus transmitted by aphids from infected grasses and cereals.

Resistant varieties, seed treatments and/or insecticide treatments to control aphids

GRAIN Bunt Tilletia laevis

T. tritici Seed contains a black, foul smelling mass of spores. Affected grain is not accepted at silos.

Potentially region wide. Spores on seed coat infect seedling before it emerges.

Seed applied fungicide.

Flag smut Urocystis agropyri Stunted plants with black, powdery streaks in leaves.

Most likely in crops sown early in warm soils.

Soil and seedborne spores.

Resistant varieties, seed-applied fungicide.

Loose smut Ustilago tritici Black powdery heads on diseased plants.

Region wide. Infected seed is the predominant source.

Seed-applied fungicide.

ROOT/CROWN

Common root rot

Bipolaris sorokiniana

Browning of the roots, sub-crown internode and the stem base. Brown spots on leaves. White heads and pinched grain.

Scattered through crop. Soil borne on grass and cereal residues. Also as spores in the soil.

Crop rotation, one year free from hosts.

Crown rot Fusarium pseudogram inearum, F. culmorum

Browning of stem bases, crown and sometimes roots. White heads and pinched grain.

More severe following a wet winter and dry spring, especially on heavy soils which are poorly drained

Soil borne on grass and cereal residues.

Crop rotation. Avoid highly susceptible varieties, especially durum wheat.

Cereal cyst nematode (CCN)

Heterodera avenae Yellow, stunted plants with knotted roots, often in patches.

Light soils and well structured clays where cereals are common.

Present in most soils in the southern region.

Resistant varieties, two year break from susceptible cereals and grasses, in particular wild oats.

Rhizoctonia bare patch

Rhizoctonia solani (AG 8)

Patches of stunted plants with yellow-red erect leaves. Spear tipped roots.

Associated with reduced tillage and poor weed control in Autumn. Discouraged by soils with high organic matter.

Fungus carries over in organic matter in the soil. Wide host range.

Pre-cropping weed control, chemical fallow, cultivation, modified sowing eq’ment. Group B herbicides may increase severity on some soil types. Read the label.

Root lesion nematode

Pratylenchus thornei and Pratylenchus neglectus

Reduced tillering, ill thrift; a lack of root branching and lesions on roots.

Favoured by wheat in rotation with chickpea, medic and vetch.

Survive as dormant nematodes in the soil.

Crop rotation using resistant crops and resistant varieties.

Take-all Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici

Blackening of roots, stem bases and crown. Plant stunting with white heads and pinched grain.

Favoured by a wet spring with a dry finish.

Soil borne on grass hosts and cereal residues.

Crop rotation, at least one year free of hosts (cereals and grasses, especially barley grass). Fungicide applied to seed or fertiliser.

This table has been developed from information in the publications Wallwork H (2000) (Ed) Cereal Root and Crown Diseases (Grains Research and Development Corporation, SARDI) and Wallwork H (2000) (Ed) Cereal Leaf and Stem Diseases (Grains Research and Development Corporation, SARDI).

Wheat


Table 7: Long term predicted yield performance data for 2004-2010 for Victorian regions, main season, expressed as a

percentage of the yield of Yitpi or Janz (North East). The numbers in brackets indicate the number of site years in that

area.

Main Season

Mallee Wimmera Nth Cent Nth East

Yitpi t/ha 1.93 2.13 2.41 *

Janz t/ha * * * 2.81

BREAD Annuello 91(42) 93(22) 96(9) 98(10) AGT Katana 99(14) 100(3) Axe 104(49) 108(20) 105(11) 110(16) Beaufort 97(5) 104(3) 102(7) Bolac 93(8) 97(9) 99(13) Bullet 103(15) 104(11) 106(7) 109(9) Bumper 100(18) 103(3) Catalina 95(41) 96(15) 100(9) 104(13) Chara 84(8) 88(25) 94(15) 95(21) Clearfield Stl 90(50) 89(8) Correll 102(50) 103(20) 103(11) 107(16) Crusader 85(6) 87(4) 91(6) 96(9) Dakota 89(15) 91(6) 95(6) 98(9) Derrimut 98(50) 100(20) 99(11) 104(16) EGA Bounty 84(9) 89(5) 94(6) EGA Gregory 94(6) 99(11) 103(16) EGA Wylie * * * 94(4) EGA Wills 91(6) 96(9) Ellison 88(7) 93(3) 97(5) Espada 101(41) 104(15) 102(9) 109(13) Estoc 101(26) 105(10) 105(6) 108(8) Fang 95(6) 96(4) 103(3) Frame 92(58) 92(25) 95(14) 100(16) GBA Hunter 102(14) 103(3) 108(5) GBA Ruby 98(32) 101(15) 100(13) 109(21) GBA Sapphire 90(17) 93(11) 95(6) 97(8) Giles * 95(6) 97(4) 100(5) Gladius 103(50) 105(20) 103(11) 108(16) Guardian 96(24) 99(12) 100(7) 103(8) Janz 91(41) 92(17) 97(13) 100(20) Kennedy * * 90(4) 96(4) Lincoln 99(41) 101(15) 101(8) 104(11) Livingston 97(24) 97(10) 102(9) 104(13) Mace 101(9) Magenta 100(41) 99(15) 99(5) 105(9) Merinda 97(5) 100(7) 104(11) Orion 93(8) 100(4) 102(8) Peake 100(50) 102(20) 100(11) 103(16) Preston 103(6) Pugsley 98(40) 101(15) 101(10) 108(19) QAL2000 * 98(5) Rosella 79(22) 90(13) 92(19) Scout 109(17) 109(8) Sentinel 95(20) 97(13) 101(18) Spitfire * 104(5) 104(4) 107(8) SQP Revenue 88(5) 95(4) Sunvex * 93(5) 95(3) 99(5) Ventura 92(26) 90(14) 97(15) 102(21) Waagan 105(24) 106(7) 105(7) 110(11) Whistler * * * 96(5) Wyalkatchem 98(58) 101(20) 99(7) 100(15) Wylah * * * 94(5) Yenda * 94(10) 96(10) 102(14) Yitpi 100(58) 100(25) 100(14) 105(17) Young 101(58) 102(25) 100(15) 107(21) BISCUIT

Barham 97(20) 100(11) 104(16) Bowie 93(22) 98(13) 102(19)

Wheat


Table 8: Long term predicted yield performance data for 2004-2010 for Victorian regions, long season,

expressed as a percentage of the yield of Kellalac. The numbers in brackets indicate the number of site

years in that area.

Long Season

North East South West

Kellalac t/ha 3.51 3.92

Amarok (Feed) 97(3) 100(6) Barham (Biscuit) 106(4) 103(12) Beaufort (Feed) 122(5) 126(15) Bolac 115(6) 118(18) Chara 101(7) 103(21) Derrimut * 109(6) EGA Bounty 102(3) 101(6) EGA Burke * 92(3) EGA Eaglehawk 106(5) 99(15) EGA Gregory 109(7) 105(18) EGA Wedgetail 105(7) 104(21) EGA Wills * 92(6) EGA Wylie * 97(6) Endure 107(4) 106(12) Espada * 111(6) Estoc * 111(6) Frelon * 117(9) Kellalac 100(7) 100(21) Linclon * 108(9) Mackellar (Feed) * 111(21) Mansfield 107(3) 111(9) Naparoo 99(3) 95(12) Orion * 107(3) Preston 123(3) 121(12) Rudd (Feed) * 107(9) Sentinel 110(6) 107(18) SQP Revenue 109(5) 119(18) Sunzell 103(4) 99(12) Tennant (Feed) * 104(15) Whistler 99(3) 100(6) Wylah * 98(6) Yenda 109(5) 106(15)

Wheat


Table 9: Yield of wheat varieties in 2010 Victorian Mallee trials, expressed as a percentage of the yield of

Yitpi.

Birchip Hopetoun M’Tang Merrinee M’Ville Q’Took Ultima Walpeup W’Lang Yitpi t/ha 4.08 4.53 3.12 2.12 4.14 3.98 3.09 3.21 3.93

AGT Katana 101 87 92 91 106 92 99 89 101 Axe 98 77 94 82 103 107 96 79 104 Catalina 90 85 82 91 95 83 91 83 92 Clearfield Stl 97 104 94 89 90 93 108 88 90 Correll 105 102 94 102 98 96 97 88 104 Derrimut 100 86 91 100 92 96 91 93 90 Espada 91 113 99 97 100 95 99 86 106 Estoc 101 103 101 98 109 98 96 103 104 Frame 91 108 92 94 91 88 95 95 91 Gladius 92 91 93 88 100 93 90 85 94 Lincoln 103 89 93 96 99 97 96 91 105 Magenta 103 108 93 93 93 103 99 98 105 Peake 92 89 87 91 95 94 94 90 102 Scout 118 101 101 101 107 115 103 104 112 Wyalkatchem 90 92 107 105 95 81 106 74 97 Yitpi 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Young 96 82 77 85 99 90 98 86 89 Site Mean (t/ha) 4.14 4.32 3.04 2.06 4.23 3.9 3.17 2.9 4.03 CV (%) 3.38 5.67 5.28 3.86 3.1 3.74 5.12 5.75 6.13 LSD (%) 6 10 9 7 5 7 9 10 10

Table 10: Protein level (%) of wheat varieties in 2010 Victorian Mallee trials.

Birchip Hopetoun M’Tang Merrinee M’Ville Q’Took Ultima Walpeup W’Lang AGT Katana 10.7 9.2 9.4 8.3 10.5 9.7 8.0 11.0 9.2 Axe 11.3 9.3 8.8 9.1 11.3 9.5 8.1 11.7 8.9 Catalina 10.4 9.1 9.2 8.5 10.0 10.3 9.0 10.1 9.0 Clearfield Stl 11.1 7.7 8.7 7.4 11.2 9.2 8.2 9.8 8.0 Correll 10.3 8.0 9.0 7.9 10.8 8.7 8.5 10.2 8.2 Derrimut 10.2 8.3 8.6 7.9 10.5 9.0 8.5 9.4 8.5 Espada 11.7 8.9 8.8 8.7 11.4 9.8 8.5 11.1 8.5 Estoc 11.2 8.7 8.3 8.8 11.1 9.5 9.0 10.1 9.3 Frame 11.3 8.6 9.0 8.5 11.3 9.7 8.3 9.9 8.5 Gladius 11.5 9.0 9.3 8.9 11.3 10.4 9.3 10.9 9.6 Lincoln 9.3 7.7 7.7 8.0 10.1 8.9 8.3 8.6 7.8 Magenta 10.9 7.9 8.8 8.0 10.9 9.6 8.2 10.0 8.3 Peake 10.3 8.5 8.8 8.3 10.2 9.1 8.3 10.3 8.3 Scout 10.7 8.1 8.5 8.1 10.9 9.0 8.6 9.1 8.3 Wyalkatchem 10.5 8.5 8.5 8.2 10.5 9.8 8.5 10.8 8.5 Yitpi 10.9 8.3 8.7 7.7 11.1 9.1 8.1 9.3 8.4 Young 11.5 8.6 8.6 9.2 10.8 9.7 8.7 10.1 9.4

Table 11: Screenings of wheat varieties in 2010 Victorian Mallee trials expressed as a percentage of grain

below a 2.00 mm sieve.

Birchip Hopetoun M’Tang Merrinee M’Ville Q’Took Ultima Walpeup W’Lang

AGT Katana 1.05 2.05 2.33 3.44 1.56 1.21 2.3 3.27 1.72 Axe 0.72 2.68 1.48 3.92 2.67 1.32 2.24 2.62 0.99 Catalina 0.58 1.51 0.94 3.25 1.46 1.16 1.65 1.93 0.92 Clearfield Stl 1.21 0.55 1.95 6.17 1.18 2.08 2.52 3.18 2.14 Correll 0.98 1.81 1.05 5.18 2.05 2.09 3.59 5.18 1.82 Derrimut 0.32 1.68 0.54 3.51 1.54 1.51 2.77 2.82 0.9 Espada 0.49 0.42 0.71 4.15 1.81 0.81 1.64 2.56 0.94 Estoc 1.07 1.77 2.48 7.94 1.33 1.37 2.73 3.39 1.59 Frame 1.13 0.68 1.4 5.64 1.04 2.08 3.0 2.56 2.54 Gladius 0.58 1.17 0.71 4.34 2.06 0.97 3.02 2.57 1.3 Lincoln 1.33 4.41 2.58 5.43 2.29 1.95 3.26 4.01 1.21 Magenta 0.98 2.23 0.86 3.41 1.83 1.38 2.33 3.56 1.59 Peake 0.88 4.9 1.38 4.33 1.72 2.05 1.59 3.56 1.42 Scout 0.74 1.41 0.64 3.26 1.45 1.81 2.41 2.65 1.22 Wyalkatchem 0.32 2.53 0.52 3.13 1.39 0.61 1.04 1.79 0.93 Yitpi 0.92 1.24 1.07 8.72 1.99 1.94 4.82 4.01 2.27 Young 0.32 3.39 0.69 1.91 1.56 0.99 1.02 3.41 0.83

Wheat


Table 12: Yield of wheat varieties in 2010 Victorian Wimmera trials, expressed as a percentage of the yield

of Yitpi.

Brim Corack Horsham Kaniva Minyip

Yitpi t/ha 3.39 2.54 4.70 4.59 3.71

AGT Katana 92 106 105 110 111 Axe 102 79 101 90 113 Barham 89 85 92 100 100 Bolac 93 * * * * Catalina 86 87 99 95 94 Chara 80 94 110 84 112 Clearfield Jnz 89 82 108 90 109 Clearfield Stl 92 73 101 92 107 Correll 100 99 94 104 118 Derrimut 75 66 104 94 105 Espada 100 100 97 95 109 Estoc 100 112 116 111 119 Frame 91 76 83 92 80 Gladius 95 84 107 94 112 Kennedy 79 49 * * * Lincoln 97 79 108 89 117 Magenta 94 95 100 87 91 Orion 106 96 88 87 88 Peake 87 79 106 101 98 Scout 101 137 110 96 119 Sentinel 97 93 110 63 119 Wyalkatchem 94 83 124 117 124 Yitpi 100 100 100 100 100 Young 96 75 91 94 91 Site mean (t/ha) 3.26 2.37 4.92 4.39 4 CV (%) 3.73 9.62 6.18 7.75 5.72 LSD (%) 6 16 13 16 12

Table 13: Protein level (%) of wheat varieties in 2010 Victorian Wimmera trials.


AGT Katana 9.5 10.6 10.8 10.6 11.6 Axe - 11.3 11.8 11.3 11.7 Barham 8.0 10.3 10.5 10.3 10.6 Bolac 8.4 - - - - Catalina 8.7 11.2 11.1 11.2 11.7 Chara 8.2 11.1 10.2 11.1 11.3 Clearfield Jnz 8.4 10.6 11.4 10.6 11.7 Clearfield Stl 8.3 9.3 10.6 9.3 11.9 Correll 8.7 10.3 10.9 10.3 11.7 Derrimut 8.9 10.8 10.8 10.8 11.3 Espada 9.3 10.7 10.9 10.7 12.3 Estoc - 10.6 11.6 10.6 12.0 Frame 8.1 10.0 10.6 11.1 11.7 Gladius 9.0 10.6 11.0 10.6 12.2 Kennedy 9.1 11.1 - - - Lincoln 8.2 10.5 10.0 10.5 10.8 Magenta 8.9 9.8 10.9 9.8 11.9 Orion 7.1 8.9 10.1 8.9 10.1 Peake 8.6 10.8 11.1 10.8 11.6 Scout 8.0 9.9 10.6 9.9 11.2 Sentinel 8.0 10.1 11.1 10.1 10.8 Wyalkatchem 8.4 10.7 11.6 10.7 12.0 Yitpi 8.2 10.4 10.2 10.4 11.8 Young 9.0 11.1 11.2 11.1 11.9

Wheat


Table 14: Screenings of wheat varieties in 2010 Victorian Wimmera trials expressed as a percentage of

grain below a 2.00 mm sieve.


AGT Katana 2.13 2.9 2.55 2.9 3.37 Axe - 3.33 2.28 3.33 2.32 Barham 4.17 1.29 2.2 1.29 2.17 Bolac 2.12 - - - - Catalina 2.13 3.41 2.74 3.41 3.2 Chara 2.01 4.39 3.08 4.39 3.59 Clearfield Jnz 1.82 2.83 3.36 2.83 1.92 Clearfield Stl 2.34 6.2 3.27 6.2 3.35 Correll 3.21 2.84 2.76 2.84 4.18 Derrimut 3.59 4.52 5.86 4.52 4.82 Espada 1.56 1.22 1.9 1.22 3.57 Estoc - 1.9 2.15 1.9 1.89 Frame 3.19 6.31 2.27 4.84 3.54 Gladius 1.94 2.56 3.09 2.56 2.59 Kennedy 2.36 4.84 - - - Lincoln 3.32 4.51 2.26 4.51 2.4 Magenta 2.96 3.37 5.15 3.37 6.34 Orion 2.45 3.32 2.06 3.32 2.45 Peake 2.82 2.86 5.12 2.86 6.22 Scout 2.59 1.46 2.07 1.46 2.15 Sentinel 1.31 1.26 0.95 1.26 1.1 Wyalkatchem 2.15 2.35 2.41 2.35 2.92 Yitpi 3.54 3.2 2.31 3.2 3.8 Young 2.46 6.29 4.18 6.29 5.9

Wheat


Table 15: Yield of wheat varieties in 2010 Victorian North Central and North East (main season) trials,

expressed as a percentage of the yield of Yitpi (NC) and GBA Ruby (NE). NB: The Diggora and Dookie sites

were treated with fungicide for stripe rust control.

North Central North East

Diggora Mitiamo Dookie Wunghnu Yarrawonga

Yitpi t/ha 5.69 4.47 * * *

GBA Ruby t/ha * * 5.1 5.23 1.66

Axe 112 89 79 93 100 Barham 116 82 107 79 226 Beaufort 127 * * 61 274 Bolac 110 124 84 97 178 Bullet 114 * * * 190 Catalina 104 95 90 88 189 Chara 111 97 91 89 227 Clearfield Jnz 102 96 82 78 141 Clearfield Stl 109 76 122 74 201 Correll 96 115 105 98 212 Derrimut 101 92 91 80 227 EGA Gregory 119 113 99 97 186 Espada 111 104 119 103 177 Estoc 112 116 110 98 241 Frame 96 98 111 76 192 GBA Ruby 112 71 100 100 100 Gladius 107 94 98 100 114 Janz 105 * * 87 208 Kennedy 107 71 * 71 110 Lincoln 102 127 82 95 192 Livingston 113 107 69 97 184 Magenta 114 78 107 77 111 Orion 120 96 123 73 261 Peake 102 90 74 86 165 Scout 128 111 136 103 159 Sentinel 109 112 87 107 130 Spitfire 111 132 114 95 222 SQP Revenue * * 88 106 254 Ventura 116 97 112 73 195 Yenda 110 59 87 74 213 Yitpi 100 100 100 92 193 Young 112 69 102 78 177 Site Mean (t/ha) 6.21 4.56 4.98 4.78 2.94 CV (%) 3.7 6.65 10.46 5.39 9.95 LSD (%) 8 11 23 9 20

Wheat


Table 16: Protein level (%) of wheat varieties in 2010 Victorian North Central and North East trials. North Central North East


Axe 10.4 12.8 12.5 11.5 13.1 Barham 8.2 11.3 10.4 10.3 10.9 Beaufort 7.9 - - 10.2 10.0 Bolac 9.2 11.3 11.1 10.3 11.3 Bullet 9.1 - - - 10.5 Catalina 9.8 12.6 11.3 11.1 11.6 Chara 9.1 11.3 10.6 11.0 11.2 Clearfield Jnz 12.8 11.8 11.7 11.1 11.4 Clearfield Stl 8.8 11.9 10.0 10.0 10.9 Correll 9.6 12.8 11.6 10.9 11.8 Derrimut 9.0 12.1 - 10.4 11.2 EGA Gregory 9.9 11.4 10.1 10.3 10.6 Espada 10.0 12.0 11.2 10.9 11.2 Estoc 9.9 13.2 11.2 10.4 12.4 Frame 10.5 11.1 10.8 10.8 11.5 GBA Ruby 10.0 13.0 11.6 9.6 10.7 Gladius 10.2 12.5 11.8 11.0 11.6 Janz 10.2 - - 10.5 10.8 Kennedy 8.8 13.3 - 10.6 11.6 Lincoln 8.3 12.0 10.1 10.0 10.8 Livingston 9.5 12.5 11.7 12.0 11.9 Magenta 8.7 12.7 10.2 10.0 11.7 Orion 8.4 10.7 9.1 8.9 10.2 Peake 9.3 12.1 10.9 9.9 11.9 Scout 9.2 11.4 10.0 11.2 11.0 Sentinel 8.6 12.0 - 10.7 10.6 Spitfire 9.7 13.4 10.7 12.3 11.1 SQP Revenue * * 8.4 10.1 9.7 Ventura 9.6 11.6 11.0 10.2 11.4 Yenda 9.3 12.4 12.0 10.6 11.1 Yitpi 9.3 11.5 11.0 11.0 10.9 Young 8.9 12.3 11.0 11.6 12.2

Wheat


Table 17: Screenings of wheat varieties in 2010 Victorian North Central and North East trials expressed as

a percentage of grain below a 2.00 mm sieve.

North Central North East


Axe 0.55 2.28 2.38 1.06 2.65 Barham 0.92 2.77 1.48 1.65 1.55 Beaufort 3.9 * - 2.98 4.02 Bolac 3.79 5.09 3.61 7.47 6.26 Bullet 1.23 * - - 2.83 Catalina 1.13 1.79 1.97 1.57 1.51 Chara 1.3 3.69 2.19 2.35 1.79 Clearfield Jnz 0.52 1.96 1.58 1.33 1.41 Clearfield Stl 2.42 3.5 2.54 3.01 3.15 Correll 3.76 3.95 3.78 3.3 4.5 Derrimut 1.44 8.56 - 3.05 2.89 EGA Gregory 1.02 2.19 3.3 2.07 2.22 Espada 4.64 3.15 2.13 1.74 2.64 Estoc 2.13 2.83 3.27 2.03 2.34 Frame 1.72 6.51 3.14 3.73 3.26 GBA Ruby 2 3.05 3.8 2.76 3.04 Gladius 1.52 2.79 2.43 3.32 2.21 Janz 1.43 * - 2.13 2.54 Kennedy 1.41 2.82 - 1.29 2.75 Lincoln 2.55 3.65 5.26 2.89 3.25 Livingston 0.67 1.47 1.73 1.37 1.19 Magenta 1 5.63 3.65 2.65 5.22 Orion 0.99 1.67 0.8 1.3 1.97 Peake 1.82 5.25 2.68 2.56 3.13 Scout 1.19 5.24 3.94 2.97 2.57 Sentinel 0.38 1.89 - 0.91 1.39 Spitfire 3.03 2.5 4.88 4.67 3 SQP Revenue * * 3.58 4.4 5.89 Ventura 1.19 4.04 3.18 2.89 3.5 Yenda 1.84 5.21 3.25 7.41 3.91 Yitpi 2.93 4.32 4.41 2.74 3.97 Young 0.92 5.75 2.13 2.73 4.61

Wheat


Table 18: Yield of long season wheat varieties in 2010 Victorian North East and South West trials,

expressed as a percentage of the yield of Kellalac.

North East South West

Rutherglen Hamilton Streatham

Kellalac t/ha 4.89 2.94 4.61

Barham 87 102 86 Beaufort 105 142 106 Bolac 101 102 96 Bowie * 74 * Chara 88 104 93 Derrimut 102 119 97 EGA Bounty 85 78 79 EGA Gregory 72 * * EGA Wedgetail 89 83 82 Endure 93 98 89 Espada 92 99 92 Estoc 101 99 93 Frelon * 149 94 Kellalac 100 100 100 Kennedy 80 * 83 Lincoln * 102 96 Mackellar * 95 95 Mansfield 109 130 89 Naparoo * 60 70 Orion 121 97 89 Preston 126 118 114 QAL2000 * 105 * Sentinel 70 73 89 SQP Revenue 107 116 100 Yenda 93 105 98 Site Mean (t/ha) 4.54 2.91 4.15 CV (%) 9.1 11 8.42 LSD (%) 21 18 14

Table 19:Yield of Durum varieties expressed as a percentage of the yield of EGA Bellaroi, protein (%) and

screenings percentage of grain below a 2.00 mm sieve in 2010 Victorian Wimmera trial.

Kaniva

Yield

EGA Bellario t/ha 4.22

Protein Screenings

Caparoi 97 9.0 0.56

EGA Bellaroi 100 9.1 1.04

Hyperno 105 8.4 1.30

Jandaroi 92 9.4 0.67

Tjilkuri 109 8.0 0.58 Site Mean (t/ha) 4.14 CV (%) 4.63 LSD (%) 8

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Department of Primary Industries

Grant Hollaway DPI Horsham Frank Henry DPI Horsham Ashley Purdue DPI Horsham Steve Holden DPI Hamilton Grains Chemistry Laboratories DPI Horsham University of Sydney

Col Wellings

Laucke Flour Mills

David Hogan Bridgewater

Barley


BARLEY INTRODUCTION – Lessons from 2010

Grain growers will remember the 2010/2011 season for record rainfall in many regions, record barley yields and a wet harvest. Many Victorian growers found that even when their Gairdner barley crop was laying flat on the ground like a blanket it was still worth the long arduous days of harvesting at less than 4 km/hr as many growers still achieved malt specifications across the Wimmera and southern Mallee. The excellent opening rains in April 2010 created great promise for producers across Victoria. Growers who treated seed for disease prevention and followed up with preventative fungicide sprays acted wisely. This strategy may again be appropriate in 2011. Spot Form of Net Blotch (SFNB) was prevalent during 2010 with the constant rain showers and damp growing conditions allowing the diseases to flourish. Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV) was also evident in more than twenty percent of barley crops in Victoria. Varietal resistance remains a low cost tactic to manage diseases where choices exist. Disease will again be a major concern for barley growers across Victoria in 2011 as self sown barley created a green bridge in January/February 2011. This barley contributes to the survival of diseases such as scald, SFNB and leaf rust, allowing them to infect newly sown crops. There is limited resistance to scald and powdery mildew in barley varieties. Moist conditions in 2011 will be ideal for the development of these diseases. Growers should avoid early sowing and use seed dressings and foliar fungicides. Where cereal cyst nematode (CCN) levels are high, susceptible barley varieties such as Schooner, Scope, Sloop, Buloke, Baudin, Oxford and Gairdner should be avoided to limit carryover of the pest. There were some incidences in the south west of Victoria where some grain in barley heads missed filling due to a dramatic temperature fluctuation (28°C to overnight 3°C) during grain fill. Managing for an environmental event like this in the future is difficult. There were some reports of cleaved barley in crops harvested post rainfall in early December. However there were many crops which still achieved malt classifications. Barley Australia with the recommendation from the Malting Barley Industry Brewing Technical Committee (MBIBTC) announced that Hindmarsh barley would not be endorsed as an Australian malting barley variety. Hindmarsh is now classified as a feed barley. Gairdner continues to be the dominant barley variety sown in the south west of the state. Despite the difficult harvest conditions it has still performed very well. Sloop types are clearly out classed by newer malting varieties that have greater market demand, both domestic and export.

The feed varieties Oxford and Scope have been commercialised and will be available for 2011 sowing. Maltsters buying for the Australian and export beer markets still favour the quality of Baudin barley. The Hulless Barley Breeding Program in Adelaide, South Australia, bred and released in September 2009 the hulless barley Finness (WI3930). Yield data indicates that this variety out yields Torrens (hulless barley) by ten to twenty percent. The decision to grow either a malting or feed variety may depend on one or more factors, including; the difference in payments between malting and feed grades related to yield differences, the probability of producing a malting grade barley, availability of malting storage segregations in storage facilities and disease resistance and agronomic considerations. For long term stability in farm returns and market supply and demand, farmers now growing only feed varieties should consider including some malting varieties in their cropping program. However, it is important that growers contact grain marketers to discuss market demand prior to sowing a malting variety. Malting barley is grown, stored and sold on a variety specific basis and it is important to ascertain if the variety chosen is able to be stored and marketed in your area. The following chapter on barley briefly summarises some of the key comparative information, more detailed information can be found at www.nvtonline.com.au. Up to date and detailed information on cereal diseases can be down loaded from the DPI website www.dpi.vic.gov.au Varieties have been listed below according to quality classification grade and in alphabetical order and not in

order of preference.

Barley


VARIETY DESCRIPTIONS denotes Plant Breeders Rights apply

Malting barley - BAUDIN

Released in 2004 Baudin is mid season maturity. Baudin is an alternative malting quality variety to Gairdner in 375-500mm rainfall districts, but should not be grown in areas with greater than 500 mm annual average rainfall due to leaf disease susceptibility. Baudin is more susceptible to scald and leaf rust than Gairdner, with superior grain plumpness in years with dry and hot spring conditions. The variety is a shorter plant type than Gairdner and less likely to lodge. Seed available from AWB seeds.

Malting barley - BULOKE

An early to mid season maturing variety released in 2004. Buloke has best adaptation in regions of southern Australia with 325mm – 450mm annual rainfall. Buloke has medium straw strength, similar to Gairdner, moderately good head retention, similar to Sloop VIC and is tolerant of pre harvest sprouting similar to Gairdner. Average grain plumpness is similar or slightly inferior to Schooner but superior to Gairdner. Buloke has a growth habit similar to Barque, with slower growth compared to all Sloop varieties and is tall, similar to Barque. Buloke is susceptible to cereal cyst nematode (CCN). In Victoria, Buloke flowers about the same time as Schooner, and about 3-4 days later than Sloop SA. Buloke has export malt quality similar to Flagship. Seed available through AWB Seeds. Malting barley - COMMANDER

Commander is a mid to late maturing variety best suited to 375-500mm rainfall districts. Commander is susceptible to leaf rust and scald, moderately susceptible to susceptible to SFNB, moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to NFNB. Commander has a domestic malt quality profile, but may have some export market opportunities. The grain size of Commander is superior to all malting barley varieties. Currently Commander is recommend only for northern NSW and Southern QLD barley growing regions. Commander is available through Viterra Seeds.

Malting barley - FAIRVIEW

Fairview is a moderately late maturing variety released under contact by Malteurop in 2008. Fairview is best suited to 400-600mm rainfall districts. The yields of Fairview are similar to Gairdner and Commander in these districts. The grain plumpness of Fairview is superior to Gairdner. The disease profile of Fairview is not yet fully documented in Australia. Limited seed is only available under contract through GrainSearch, Geelong. Fairview has an export malt quality profile and must be marketed through Malteurop.

Malting barley - FLAGSHIP

Flagship, an export malt variety released in 2006, is a tall, early to mid season maturity variety similar in plant type to Schooner and Sloop and best suited to 350-450mm rainfall regions. Flagship is resistant to CCN and Pratylenchus neglectus. Flagship overall has a high level of foliar leaf disease resistance in the target growing areas. Flagship has excellent early vigour and weed competitiveness but exhibits very severe symptoms of boron toxicity, especially in low rainfall years. Flagship is prone to pre harvest germination and head loss if harvest is delayed. Flagship has a modest straw strength, with lodging resistance similar to Schooner, is free threshing and has good resistance to head loss, significantly better than Schooner. ABB Seeds hold the seed licence. Seed available through Seedmark Pty Ltd.

Malting barley - FRANKLIN

Limited Franklin is grown in Victoria.

Malting barley - GAIRDNER

A moderately late maturing variety released in 1998. Gairdner is best suited to 400-600mm rainfall regions. In seasons with favourable spring finishes Gairdner can yield well in lower rainfall districts however not necessarily within malting specifications. Gairdner is very susceptible to SFNB and growers concerned about this disease should avoid this variety. Gairdner has good resistance to NFNB and powdery mildew, but is susceptible to very susceptible to scald. Gairdner is known for high screenings in a dry spring, Gairdner has grain size inferior to all other malting varieties with good head retention, slightly inferior to Baudin. The variety is inherently low in grain protein (0.7% lower than Schooner) and appropriate nitrogen management is essential to avoid excessively low protein levels. Gairdner has a domestic malt quality profile but has been accepted in some export markets. Markets for Gairdner are established and stable at this point in time. Gairdner has no EPR. Seed available through Seedmark Pty Ltd.

Malting barley - SCHOONER

Released in 1983 Schooner is a widely adapted, mid season variety. Schooner is susceptible to CCN, susceptible to very susceptible to powdery mildew, moderately susceptible to leaf scald and moderately susceptible to susceptible to SFNB scald and moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to NFNB. Schooner is now considered outclassed by Baudin, Buloke and Flagship for export markets. Schooner has no EPR. Malting barley - SLOOP - SLOOP SA - SLOOP Vic

All Sloop types are malting varieties of similar maturity to Schooner, providing good adaptation over a wide range of environments, especially low rainfall regions. They have relatively poor leaf disease resistance and seed should be treated with systemic seed treatments. SloopVic is CCN resistant with moderate boron tolerance. SloopSA has shown greater tendency for head loss than Sloop. Declining market demand has resulted in limited areas of all Sloop types in Victoria. All varieties have been outclassed by Buloke and Flagship with regards to malting types and Hindmarsh as a feed variety.

Malting barley - VLAMINGH

Released from Western Australia in 2006, Vlamingh is best suited to the 250-500mm rainfall zones. Vlamingh yields are significantly lower than Buloke in all growing regions of Victoria. Seed available from COGGO seeds.

Feed barley - BARQUE

Barque, released in 1997, is recommended for the 325-400mm rainfall regions. Yields of Barque are similar to Buloke in the Mallee and Wimmera regions but are inferior to the newer feed varieties Hindmarsh, Fleet and Keel. Barque has vigorous early growth and is relatively tall at harvest. Barque is resistant to CCN, very susceptible to scald and moderately resistant to SFNB. Hindmarsh, Fleet and Keel are replacements for Barque.

Barley


Feed barley - CAPSTAN

A high yielding feed variety released in 2003 and recommended for 400mm plus rainfall regions. Capstan has short stiff straw with excellent head retention and would be suitable for growers targeting very high potential yields. It has very high screenings in lower rainfall districts. Capstan is resistant to CCN while being susceptible to leaf scald, moderately susceptible to susceptible to SFNB and leaf rust and moderately resistant to NFNB. Seed available from Viterra Seeds.

Feed barley - COWABBIE

Released in 2004, Cowabbie has a short straw length with good strength hence is resilient to lodging. Cowabbie is very susceptible to the NFNB and susceptible to the SFNB and moderately resistant to powdery mildew and leaf scald. Due to the presence of alternative high yielding, malt accredited varieties Cowabbie is not recommended for Victoria. Seed available from Viterra Seeds. Feed barley - FLEET

A feed quality barley, released in 2004, best suited to 325-400mm rainfall regions as an alternative to Hindmarsh and Keel. Fleet has superior adaptation to deep sandy soils compared to Keel. Fleet is resistant to CCN and moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to SFNB, NFNB, scald and powdery mildew. In general this represents a high level of foliar disease resistance and hence makes Fleet a good choice when planting back on barley in lower rainfall districts. Fleet has improved physical grain quality compared to Keel and Barque but has lower test weight than Hindmarsh. Seed is available from Viterra Seeds.

Feed barley - HINDMARSH

An early maturing semi-dwarf feed variety with exceptional yield potential, especially in drier years. Hindmarsh was released by DPI Victoria in 2006. It is recommended for the 325-450mm rainfall regions. Hindmarsh long term (2000-2009) yield is the highest of any barley variety for the Mallee, Wimmera and North central regions of Victoria. Hindmarsh is CCN resistant, but susceptible to SFNB and moderately susceptible to powdery mildew and leaf rust. Hindmarsh is free threshing and has good resistance to head loss, significantly better than Schooner. Hindmarsh has excellent grain plumpness and also has the highest test weight of any feed variety. Seed is available through AWB Seeds. Feed barley - KEEL

A high yielding, early maturing, feed-quality barley released in 1999. Keel is recommended for 325-400mm rainfall regions. It performs best on heavy soil types with low fertility. Keel is not suitable for sandy soils, where Barque is preferred. Keel produces plump grain similar to Barque, along with low screenings, however has low test weight. Keel is a shorter plant type compared to Barque and Fleet, has good head retention and is easier to thresh than Barque. Keel is resistant to CCN, moderately resistant to the SFNB and NFNB and very susceptible to leaf rust. Keel seed is licensed to Viterra Seeds and there is no EPR.

Feed barley - MARITIME

Maritime is an early maturing, moderately tall, CCN resistant feed variety with excellent tolerance to manganese deficiency, such as is found on the lower Yorke Peninsula region of South Australia. In areas without chronic manganese deficiency, yields of Maritime are similar to Barque and Keel. Test weight of Maritime is superior to Barque and Keel. Maritime is an alternative to Barque and Keel, especially in areas with low soil manganese or where there is difficulty in obtaining high test weights. Maritime performs well on sandy soils compared to Keel. Seed is available from Viterra Seeds.

Feed barley - OXFORD

Oxford is a new feed quality variety (with potential for malting) developed by the Nickerson/PlantTech breeding and selection program and released across SE Australia during 2009. Oxford is best suited to the medium to high rainfall regions, 350-600mm, and should not be planted after mid June. The disease profile of Oxford is not yet fully documented in Australia. Initial yield data suggest Oxford has a limited role in Victoria. While Oxford is susceptible to CCN and spot form net blotch, it has good resistance to leaf rust , leaf scald and powdery mildew. Oxford is currently undergoing vigorous malt and brewing evaluation by the Malting and Brewing Industry Barley Technical Committee (MBIBTC). Oxford was bred by Nickerson UK and seed is available through Seedmark. Feed barley - SCOPE

Scope is a tall, early to mid season maturing barley with moderate to high yield potential across a range of medium rainfall environments. Its disease resistance profile is very similar to Buloke with the main concern being susceptibility to some leaf rust strains. It has been released as a feed variety but also commenced Barley Australia malting accreditation with scheduled completion in March 2013. Work is ongoing to apply for a registration for use of an appropriate BASF Clearfield herbicide on Scope with an outcome expected prior to seeding in 2011. Scope will be available for seeding in 2011 exclusively through re-sellers that have a current Clearfield accreditation and is available through AWB Seeds.

Feed barley - TANTANGARA

Tantangara is a high yielding feed variety with short strong straw susceptible to barley grass stripe rust. Seed is available from Viterra Seeds. Feed barley - TULLA

Released in 2003, Tulla is best suited to 375-450mm rainfall regions. This early to mid maturity variety is an acid soil tolerant, semi-dwarf feed variety which has good straw strength. Tulla is moderately resistant to the SFNB and moderately susceptible to NFNB and very susceptible to powdery mildew. Early May-mid June sowing. Yield data suggests that this variety has a limited role in Victoria. Seed available from Waratah Seeds.

Feed barley - UNICORN

Unicorn was introduced into Western Australia from Japan through a joint project between Kirin Australia and University of Western Australia in 1998. Unicorn is an extremely early maturing variety with CCN resistance. Seed available from Seedmark Pty Ltd.

Barley


Feed barley - URAMBIE (WB234)

Released from New South Wales in 2005, Urambie offers an alternative feed variety comparable in yield to Binalong in the north. Yield data indicates it has a limited role in Victoria. Feed Barley – WESTMINSTER

A mid to late maturity variety with medium to tall and stiff straw and improved head retention. Grainsearch indicate it is moderately resistant to powdery mildew and NFNB, resistant to moderately resistant to leaf rust, moderately susceptible to scald and moderately susceptible to susceptible to SFNB. Westminster is currently undergoing malt and brewing evaluation by the Malting and Brewing Industry Barley Technical Committee. It was bred by Nickerson International Research and is marketed through Grainsearch

Feed barley - YAMBLA

An acid soil tolerant feed barley, Yambla is suited to earlier sowings. A semi-dwarf, taller than Tantangara, with higher grain yield than Yerong in grazed and ungrazed trials.

Feed barley - YARRA

Yarra is a moderately late maturing feed variety with prostrate early growth habit developed by DPI Victoria in 2005. It is best adapted in regions with 375-450mm annual rainfall, particularly well suited to the Yorke and Lower Eyre Peninsula regions of South Australia. Yarra was released to provide a leaf rust resistant feed barley for growers on the Yorke and Lower Eyre Peninsula of South Australia. Yarra has equal or higher hectolitre weight compared to all other feed varieties and excellent grain plumpness. Yarra is CCN resistant, very susceptible to powdery mildew and leaf scald, moderately susceptible to NFNB but moderately resistant to SFNB and resistant to leaf rust. Seed is available from Viterra Seeds.

Hannan (WABAR2321) , Lockyer (WABAR2288) ,

Roe (WABAR2310)

Three feed varieties released by DAFWA in August 2007. Hannan is a tall early maturity variety, Lockyer is a semi dwarf with mid to late season maturity and Roe a medium maturity variety. All varieties are currently being evaluated within the Victorian NVT trials, the adaptation, disease profile and potential of these varieties is yet to be ascertained in Victoria. Seed of these varieties is licensed to COGGO Seeds in WA and will not be commercialised in Eastern Australia due to lack of adequate disease resistance. Hulless barley - FINNISS

A hulless barley released in 2009 after being evaluated as WI3930 is targeted at food and animal feed markets. Finniss is a semi dwarf type with a mid maturity similar to Schooner. Finniss’ main disease weakness is its moderate susceptibility to the net form net blotch; however the disease profile of Finniss is not yet fully documented. It is a semi dwarf type with mid maturity like Schooner. Grain yield is similar to Schooner and well above other hulless types such as Torrens. Limited seed available in 2011 from Viterra Seeds.

Potential Release Varieties

WI4262 is best suited to high rainfall environments. WI4262 is moderately resistant to Scald and NFNB, moderately susceptible to SFNB and resistant to Powdery Mildew. WI4262 is currently under review of the Malting and Brewing Industry Barley Technical Committee (MBIBTC). GS1234 released by Grainsearch in 2008. GS1234 is recommended for the high rainfall, 450-600mm regions. GS1234 is a late maturing variety similar to Gairdner. Limited seed is only available under contract through MaltEurope, Geelong, for the 2010 season.

Barley


Table 1: Barley time of sowing guide.

This table is a guide only and has been compiled from observations of the breeder and local departmental agronomists. MALLEE April May June July

Baudin, Gairdner , Vlamingh > X X X X X < <

Barque, Fleet, Keel, Maritime > X X X X X X < < <

Buloke, Flagship, Hindmarsh, Schooner, Sloop, SloopSA, Sloop Vic, Scope

> > X X X X X < <

WIMMERA April May June July

Franklin > X X X < < < <

Gairdner, Maritime, Oxford, Vlamingh > X X X X X < <

Keel > > X X X X X X X < <

Barque, Baudin, Fleet > > X X X X X X < <

Hindmarsh > X X X X X X X < <

SloopVic > X X X X < <

Buloke, Flagship, Schooner, Sloop, SloopSA > X X X X X < <

NORTH CENTRAL April May June July

Franklin > X X X X X X < <

Gairdner, Vlamingh > > X X X X X X < <

Barque, Fleet > > > X X X X X < <

Buloke, Flagship, Schooner > > X X X X < <

Sloop, SloopSA, SloopVic > > X X X X < < <

Hindmarsh > X X X X X X X X X < <

Keel > > X X X X X X < <

NORTH EAST April May June July

Franklin, Urambie > > X X X X X < <

Gairdner, Vlamingh > X X X X X X < <

Baudin, Oxford > > X X X X X < <

Cowabbie, Keel > > X X X X X X X < <

Buloke, Flagship, Schooner, Sloop, SloopSA, SloopVic

> > X X X X < <

Hindmarsh > X X X X X X X < <

Barque, Fleet > > X X X X X < <

SOUTH WEST April May June July

Franklin > > X X X X X < <

Capstan, Baudin, Gairdner, Oxford, Vlamingh, Westminster, Yambla

> > X X X X X < < <

Capstan, Dash, Fleet, Yarra > > X X X X < <

>earlier than ideal, X optimum sowing time, < later than ideal but acceptable

Barley


Table 2: Barley disease guide.

Disease Organism Symptoms Occurrence Inoculum source Control

FOLIAR Scald

Rhynchosporium secalis

Water soaked areas on leaves. Lesions appear grey/green then bleached with brown margins.

Years with frequent rain, and early sown crops.

Residues of barley and barley grass. Can be seedborne. Spores spread by rainsplash.

Resistant varieties, clean seed, manage barley and barley grass debris. Seed and foliar fungicides

Net blotch spot form

Pyrenophora teres f. maculata

Dark brown spots to 10 mm, with yellow margins.

Infection from stubble especially in wet autumn conditions.

Barley and barley grass stubble, also airborne spores from infected crops.

Control barley grass and manage barley stubble. Avoid very susceptible varieties. Foliar fungicides.

Net blotch net form

Pyrenophora teres f. teres

Small brown spots that develop into dark brown streaks on leaf blades that have net like appearance.

Spores can be produced for over 2 years on stubble. Moist conditions, temperatures in the 15-25°C range.

Survives on infected barley and barley grass residues. Wind borne spores.

Resistant varieties, crop rotation and stubble management.

Powdery mildew

Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei

White powdery spores on upper leaf surfaces, underside of leaves turn yellow to brown.

Favoured by high humidity and temperature of 15-22°C. Worse in high fertility paddocks and early sown crops.

Volunteer barley, barley grass and crop residue. Airborne spores.

Resistant varieties. Seed and foliar fungicides.

Leaf rust

Puccinia hordei Small circular orange pustules on upper leaf surface.

Moist conditions with temperatures in the range 15-22°C.

Living plant hosts including barley, barley grass and Star of Bethlehem.

Use resistant varieties and control volunteer barley and barley grass over summer/autumn

Stem rust

Puccinia graminis

Large red-brown pustules. Rupture of leaf and stem surface.

Infection requires temperatures in the 15-30°C range and moist conditions.

Living plant hosts including volunteer cereals (wheat, barley, triticale and rye).

Use resistant varieties and control volunteer wheat, triticale and barley over summer/autumn.

BGSR (barley grass stripe rust)

Puccinia striiformis Yellow powdery pustules in stripes on the leaves

Can develop throughout the growing season.

Barley grass and susceptible barley varieties.

Avoid susceptible varieties

BYDV (Barley yellow dwarf virus)

Barley yellow dwarf virus

Yellow stripes between leaf veins, some leaves red. Sterile heads and dwarfing plants.

Virus is transmitted by aphids.

Hosts include all cereals and many grasses.

Resistant varieties. Chemical control of aphids may be suitable for high value crops.

Wirrega blotch

Drechslera wirreganensis

Brown blotches often with hole in centre.

Minor occurrence. Range of grass weeds and cereal stubble.

Crop rotation. Avoid grow

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