National Oceanic & Atmospheric AdministrationNational Oceanic & Atmospheric AdministrationNational Marine Fisheries ServiceNational Marine Fisheries ServiceProtected Resources DivisionProtected Resources DivisionSouthwest RegionSouthwest Region

coho salmon parrOncorhynchus kisutch

Federal Recovery PlanningFederal Recovery PlanningNorth Central California Coast North Central California Coast

10 Populations:10 Populations:Four Recovery Four Recovery

DomainsDomainsSouthern Oregon/ Southern Oregon/

Northern CaliforniaNorthern CaliforniaCoordinator: Greg Coordinator: Greg

BryantBryant

Central ValleyCentral ValleyCoordinator: Diane Coordinator: Diane

WindhamWindham

South Central CoastSouth Central CoastCoordinator: Mark Coordinator: Mark

CapelliCapelli

North Central CoastNorth Central CoastCoordinator: Charlotte Coordinator: Charlotte

AmbroseAmbrose

Each Domain Assigned:Each Domain Assigned:1 or More Populations1 or More PopulationsScience Center led TRTScience Center led TRTRecovery CoordinatorRecovery Coordinator

RECOVERY PLAN FOR THE EVOLUTIONARILY SIGNIFICANT UNIT OF

CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST COHO SALMON

INTERNAL REVIEW DRAFTVersion: MARCH 31, 2008Southwest Regional Office

National Marine Fisheries ServiceSanta Rosa, CA

Salmonid Recovery: Salmonid Recovery: The Road MapThe Road MapESAESA,, Case Law & Policies Case Law & Policies

ESA §4(f)(1)ESA §4(f)(1)

– ……[NMFS] shall [NMFS] shall develop and implementdevelop and implement plans plans for the for the conservation and survivalconservation and survival of of endangered species and threatened species…endangered species and threatened species…

– ……in developing and implementing recovery in developing and implementing recovery plans [NMFS] shall, to the maximum extent plans [NMFS] shall, to the maximum extent practicable – practicable –

– Give Give prioritypriority to...species… to...species… most likely to most likely to benefitbenefit from such plans, particularly those from such plans, particularly those species that are, or may be, in conflict with species that are, or may be, in conflict with construction or other development projects or construction or other development projects or other forms of economic activity…other forms of economic activity…

Salmonid Recovery: Salmonid Recovery: The Road MapThe Road MapESA, ESA, Case LawCase Law & Policies & Policies

• Management Management actionsactions must be must be site specificsite specific wherever wherever feasiblefeasible

• Actions and criteria mustActions and criteria must link link to identified to identified threatsthreats including changes in threats including changes in threats since listing and be since listing and be organized by the 5 listing organized by the 5 listing factors of Federal Register factors of Federal Register Notice listing the speciesNotice listing the species

• Criteria mustCriteria must measuremeasure whether whether threatsthreats have been have been abated abated and address delisting and address delisting not just downlisting.not just downlisting.

• Fund for Animals v. Fund for Animals v. Babbitt (1995)Babbitt (1995)

• SWCBD v. Babbitt SWCBD v. Babbitt (1999)(1999)

• Defenders of Wildlife Defenders of Wildlife v. Babbit (2001)v. Babbit (2001)

• Southwest Center Southwest Center for Biological for Biological Diversity v. Babbit Diversity v. Babbit (1999)(1999)

• Cannot promise to Cannot promise to “develop criteria later” “develop criteria later” or use “future or use “future research” as means to research” as means to not address threatsnot address threats

Salmonid Recovery: The Road Map Salmonid Recovery: The Road Map ESA, Case Law & ESA, Case Law & PoliciesPoliciesA Few Examples:A Few Examples:• House Resources Committee Report on Recovery Plan House Resources Committee Report on Recovery Plan

Development (2006)Development (2006)

• NMFS Endangered and Threatened Species Interim NMFS Endangered and Threatened Species Interim Recovery Planning Guidance (Oct 2004 revised 2006)Recovery Planning Guidance (Oct 2004 revised 2006) http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/recovery/http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/recovery/

• USFWS/NMFS Interagency Cooperative Policy for Peer USFWS/NMFS Interagency Cooperative Policy for Peer Review in Endangered Species Activities (1994)Review in Endangered Species Activities (1994)

• Interagency Cooperative Policy on Information Interagency Cooperative Policy on Information Standards under the ESA (1994)Standards under the ESA (1994)

• Interagency Cooperative Policy on Recovery Plan Interagency Cooperative Policy on Recovery Plan Implementation under the ESA (1994)Implementation under the ESA (1994)

Population Structure/ViabilityPopulation Structure/Viability(Science Center Technical Recovery (Science Center Technical Recovery

Team)Team)

Historical StructureHistorical StructureAn Analysis of Historical Population Structure for ESUs An Analysis of Historical Population Structure for ESUs (Bjorkstedt, et al. 2005)(Bjorkstedt, et al. 2005)Finalized Oct 2005 Amended 2007Finalized Oct 2005 Amended 2007

Biological Viability CriteriaBiological Viability CriteriaA Framework for Assessing the Viability of Threatened and A Framework for Assessing the Viability of Threatened and Endangered Salmon and Steelhead in the NCCC DomainEndangered Salmon and Steelhead in the NCCC Domain(Spence et al. 2007)(Spence et al. 2007)June 2007 Draft ~ Final Expected in AprilJune 2007 Draft ~ Final Expected in April

Research & Monitoring RecommendationsResearch & Monitoring RecommendationsFinal Expected in AprilFinal Expected in April

Recovery Plan FoundationRecovery Plan Foundation

Historical Historical Population Population StructureStructure

Populations Populations Assigned Into Assigned Into

Diversity StrataDiversity Strata

Independent vs Independent vs DependentDependent

Independent: Focus of Independent: Focus of Recovery PlanRecovery Plan

CCC coho salmon CCC coho salmon analysis will include analysis will include

dependent populationsdependent populations

Napa

Ukiah

J enner

Hayward

Gualala

San J ose

Dos Rios

Petrolia

Santa Cruz

San Rafael

Santa Rosa

Fort Bragg

Walnut Creek

Half Moon Bay

San Francisco

Sacramento

Ca l i f o r n i a

0 37.5

Miles

City

River

State Highway

US Highway

Coho Diversity Strata

Lost Coast

Navarro Point-Gualala Point

Coastal Gualala Point

San Francisco Bay

Santa Cruz Mountains

P a c i f i c

O c e a n

Central California Coast Coho SalmonEvolutionarily Significant Unit

Coho Focus Populations

Areaof

Detail

1

Ten Mile River

Garcia River

Big River

Russian River

Lagunitas Creek Napa River

San Lorenzo River

Guadalupe River

Noyo River

Mattole River

101

Cottaneva Creek

Big Salmon Creek

Caspar Creek

Pudding Creek

Navarro River

Gualala River

Walker Creek

Pine Gulch

Redwood Creek

Pescadero Creek

Gazos Creek

Waddell CreekScott Creek

San Vicente Creek

Aptos Creek

Albion River

Marine Recover

yCoho Salmon

Chinook Salmon

Steelhead Napa

Ukiah

J enner

Hayward

Gualala

San J ose

Dos Rios

Petrolia

Santa Cruz

San Rafael

Santa Rosa

Fort Bragg

Walnut Creek

Half Moon Bay

San Francisco

Sacramento

Ca l i f o r n i a

0 25

Miles

City

River

State Highway

US Highway

CCC Coho Historical Extent

P a c i f i c

O c e a n

Central California Coast Coho SalmonHistorical Population Structure

Areaof

Detail

1

Ten Mile River

Garcia River

Big River

Russian River

Lagunitas CreekNapa River

San Lorenzo River

Guadalupe River

Mattole River

101

Navarro River

Gualala River

Pescadero Creek

Aptos Creek

Viability Criteria for Populations IN DRAFTViability Criteria for Populations IN DRAFT

• Minimum Threshold of Potential Habitat Minimum Threshold of Potential Habitat Available (IP km)Available (IP km)

• Spawner DensitySpawner Density

• Annual Run SizeAnnual Run Size

• Effective Population SizeEffective Population Size

• Total Population SizeTotal Population Size

• Population DeclinePopulation Decline

• CatastropheCatastrophe

• Hatchery InfluenceHatchery Influence

NMFS Science Center: NMFS Science Center: Population Viability CriteriaPopulation Viability Criteria

139 Total Populations & The Marine Environment139 Total Populations & The Marine Environment

Objectively narrowing the universe and prioritizing Objectively narrowing the universe and prioritizing populations…populations…

The Nature Conservancy Protocol: CAP… Not Just a Threats The Nature Conservancy Protocol: CAP… Not Just a Threats AssessmentAssessment

~ Current Population/Habitat Conditions ~ Current Population/Habitat Conditions (HAB8 & Others)(HAB8 & Others)~ Populations/Habitat Threats ~ Populations/Habitat Threats (State, local, stakeholder, public (State, local, stakeholder, public

data)data)~ Feasibility/Benefit/Cost of Threat Abatement ~ Feasibility/Benefit/Cost of Threat Abatement (TNC protocol)(TNC protocol)~ Strategies for poor conditions & high threats ~ Strategies for poor conditions & high threats (TNC protocol)(TNC protocol)~ Analyze across populations, Diversity Strata & ESU/DPS ~ Analyze across populations, Diversity Strata & ESU/DPS (PVC (PVC

& RT)& RT)

NCCC Recovery Planning

Inform

Improve Reduce

FUTURE THREATSFUTURE THREATSCURRENT CURRENT CONDITIONSCONDITIONS

STRATEGIES AND ACTIONSSTRATEGIES AND ACTIONS

Assessment of Target Viability CCC Coho ESU Independent Populations

Entry

assistance ON Bold =

Current Indicator Ratings Italics = Desired

Conservation Target Enter # of Target

Category Key Attribute Indicator Poor Fair Good Very Good

Current Rating

4 Summer Rearing

Condition Pool habitat area/ frequency/ availability

Pool habitat (% by length) across all IP-km (gradient < 5%)

<35 % 35-40 % 40-50 % >50

Poor

4 Summer Rearing

Condition Pool habitat complexity

Average shelter rating of 100 or greater for pools in the watershed.

0-25% of all pools in watershed have >100 rating

25-50% of all pools in watershed have >100 rating

50-75% of all pools in watershed have >100 rating

>75%

Fair

4 Summer Rearing

Condition Pool habitat quality

% of pools that are > 3 ft (at deepest point) across all IP-km [all primary pools in potential rearing habitat]

<50 50-80 80-100 100%

Poor

4 Summer Rearing

Condition Summer water temperature

MWAT in all potential summer rearing habitat (IP-km)

>17 15-17 <15 <14

Fair

Example CAP Viability Table… Example CAP Viability Table…

CURRENT CONDITIONSCURRENT CONDITIONSBY LIFE STAGEBY LIFE STAGE

Data LimitationsData Limitations

Structured Decision ProcessStructured Decision Process– Expert panel to rate flow conditionsExpert panel to rate flow conditions– Decision matrix for toxicityDecision matrix for toxicity– A posterioriA posteriori ratings for others once ratings for others once

distribution of data can be observeddistribution of data can be observed

NCCC Recovery Planning

Inform

Improve Reduce

FUTURE THREATSFUTURE THREATSCURRENT CURRENT

CONDITIONSCONDITIONS

STRATEGIES AND ACTIONSSTRATEGIES AND ACTIONS

Rank Overall Threat Levels by Life Stage

Identify Highest Priorities for Strategy Development

Life Stages

    Spawners EggEmergent Fry

Summer Rearing

Winter Rearing Smolts

Mulitiple Life Stages

Overall Threat Rank

Th

rea

ts

Roads & Railroads Medium High High High High Medium High High

Wood Harvesting Low Medium MediumVery High Medium High High Very High

Storms & Flooding Medium Medium High High High Medium . Medium

Droughts Low Medium Medium High Medium Medium Low High

Effluents Low Medium Medium Medium Low Low Low Low

1.Roads and Railroads2.Droughts3.Logging and Wood Harvesting4.Channel Modification5.Water Diversion and

Impoundment

6.Climate Change7.Agricultural Practices8.Residential and Commercial

Development9.Disease, Predation, and

Competition

Top Ranked Threats for CCC coho salmon

Freshwater• Fire and Fuel Management • Fishing and Collecting • Hatcheries & Aquaculture • Livestock farming and ranching • Mining • Recreational Areas and

Activities • Storms and Flooding

Marine• Reduced genetic variability• Commercial and Recreational

Bycatch

Additional Threats Evaluated

NCCC Recovery Planning

Inform

Improve Reduce

FUTURE THREATSFUTURE THREATSCURRENT CURRENT

CONDITIONSCONDITIONS

STRATEGIES AND ACTIONSSTRATEGIES AND ACTIONS

Strategies for Recovery

For Example: Our analysis ranks Climate Change as a high or very high threat particularly in the southern ESU and the marine environment

To address this threat:• protect cool water refugia• prevent lost or conversion of forest lands• manage forests for older stages• operate existing reservoirs to maintain cool flows• fund and implement coordinated coast-wide monitoring• develop partnerships for implementation

Strategic PartnershipsStrategic PartnershipsState AgenciesState Agencies

California Department of Fish and GameCalifornia Department of Fish and GameWater Quality Control BoardWater Quality Control Board

California Department of Forestry ~ Jackson Demonstration California Department of Forestry ~ Jackson Demonstration State ForestState Forest

ScientistsScientists Southwest Fisheries Science CenterSouthwest Fisheries Science Center

TNC Facilitated Scientific Review WorkshopTNC Facilitated Scientific Review WorkshopFlow Panel WorkshopFlow Panel Workshop

Collaboration with UC Berkeley, Lawrence Lab & MicrosoftCollaboration with UC Berkeley, Lawrence Lab & Microsoft

NGO’sNGO’sThe Nature ConservancyThe Nature ConservancySonoma Ecology CenterSonoma Ecology Center

StakeholdersStakeholdersWater AgenciesWater Agencies

Timber CompaniesTimber CompaniesConsultantsConsultants

Santa Rosa Office: PRD, HCD, RCSanta Rosa Office: PRD, HCD, RC

Moving ForwardMoving ForwardSingle Species plan for coho, Single Species plan for coho, Multi-Species for other Multi-Species for other speciesspecies

Sequence: CCC coho Sequence: CCC coho salmon, CCC steelhead, CC salmon, CCC steelhead, CC Chinook, NC steelhead Chinook, NC steelhead (2009)(2009)

CCC Coho Salmon Internal DraftCCC Coho Salmon Internal Draft

In Internal Review April 2008In Internal Review April 2008

North Central California Coast DomainNorth Central California Coast DomainStrategy for CompletionStrategy for Completion