Bibliography

Primary Sources

Anthony Russo. Photograph. University of Missouri-Kansis City School of Law. http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/ellsberg/ellsbergaccount.html.This is a photograph of Anthony Russo. Russo was Daniel Ellsberg's colleague at RAND corporation who assisted in copying the Pentagon Papers. This photograph was used on the "Key Figures" page. 

Anti-war protest in San Francisco. Photograph. UC Berkely Library. Accessed January 25, 2014. http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/pacificaviet.html.This is a photograph of an anti-Vietnam War protest in San Francisco in April of 1967. It was used to show that the attitude of the country when the Pentagon Papers were leaked. This photograph was used in the slideshow on the "Historical Context" page. 

Bettmann. Neil Sheehan. Photograph. Academy of Achievement. Accessed February 1, 2014. http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/she1bio-1.This photograph of Neil Sheehan, taken in 1963, is from the non-profit organization named the Academy of Achievement. Neil Sheehan was the reporter that and journalist for the New York Times that was given the Pentagon Papers by Daniel Ellsberg. The photograph was used on the "Key Figures" page. 

———. Solicitor General Erwin Griswold. Photograph. Corbis Images. Accessed January 31, 2014. http://www.corbisimages.com/stock-photo/rights-managed/U1571643/portrait-of-erwin-griswold-smiling.This is a photograph of Erwin Griswold, the Solicitor General during the Pentagon Papers case. This photograph was taken in 1967. This photograph was used on "The Case" page. 

Blumenthal, Ralph. "A veteran reporter reflects on a distant war." New York Times. Last modified September 4, 2013. Accessed November 6, 2013. http://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/09/04/a-veteran-reporter-reflects-on-a-distant-war/.This website that contains a reporter's reflection on reporting on the Vietnam War was used as a primary source to gain information of how reporters and journalists were involved in the war and the portrayal of the war in the media. It was also used as evidence to show how the war in Vietnam impacted the anti-war movement in the United States. 

Brich, George. Daniel Ellsberg talking to the press in Los Angeles. Photograph. NBC News. Accessed January 27, 2014. http://www.nbcnews.com/id/43382356/ns/us_news-security/#.UvBDuKWID0B.This is a photograph of Daniel Ellsberg with his wife, Patricia, talking to press in Los Angeles during a recess in his trial as his co-defendant Anthony Russo, and his wife, Katherine, listen at left. The two are charged with the leak of top secret documents to news media. This photograph was used on the "Home" page.

 The Burger Court. Photograph. University of Missouri-Kansis City School of Law. Accessed

February 2, 2014. http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/ellsberg/oralargument.html.This is a photograph the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Warren E. Burger. This was the Supreme Court that handled the Pentagon Papers Case. Each of the justices' verdicts were important in understanding the ruling and importance of the case. 

Chemerinsky, Erwin. "National History Day Contestant." E-mail message to author. January 28, 2014.In an email interview with Erwin Chemerinsky, he answered the following questions for me: How did the Pentagon Papers affect the future actions of the federal government? In what way did the Pentagon Papers affect the American public's opinion of the Vietnam War and the U.S. government? How did the Pentagon Papers and the case of The New York Times, Co. v. United States affect the media in the 1970s? The answers to these questions can be found on the "Erwin Chemerinsky" page under "Interviews" under "Resources." Chemerinsky is the Dean of the University of California irvine School of Law. He is an expert in constitutional law, federal practice, civil rights and civil liberties, and appellate litigation. 

Colton, Robert. A.M. Rosenthal. Photograph. New York Times. Accessed January 31, 2014.This is a photograph of A.M. Rosenthal. A.M. Rosenthal was the New York Times executive editor during the release of the Pentagon Papers. He worked for The New York Times for 56 years, from 1943 -1999. In this picture, Rosenthal is in the New York Times Newsroom in 1979. This photograph was used on the "Key Figures" page. 

Cronkite Interviews Daniel Ellsberg. Photograph. Smithsonian.com. November 4, 2011. Accessed February 4, 2014. http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/walter-cronkite-and-a-different-era-of-news-128375738/.This is a photograph of the interview between Daniel Ellsberg and Walter Cronkite. Walter Cronkite was the anchorman for CBS News. He conducted this interview while Ellsberg was in hiding after the publication of the Pentagon Papers. Ellsberg agreed to meet Cronkite in a secret location to do the interview. This photograph is one of the very few photographs of Daniel Ellsberg while he was in hiding. This photograph was used on the "Daniel Ellsberg" page. 

Daniel Ellsberg After Testifying in Los Angeles. Photograph. Evansville Courier. Accessed February 4, 2014. http://www.courierpress.com/photos/galleries/2013/mar/29/40-years-us-left-vietnam/34864/.This photograph of Daniel Ellsberg and his wife, Patricia, was taken on April 12, 1973 after he testified in Los Angeles. He told the jury how he risked his government job and his life to share the papers and hope bring the war to an end. This photograph was used on the "Daniel Ellsberg" page. 

Daniel Ellsberg at News Conference. Photograph. AP. Accessed February 4, 2014. http://bigstory.ap.org/photo/daniel-ellsberg.This a photograph of Daniel Ellsberg with his wife, Patricia, at a news conference on November 13, 1972. This photograph shows that Ellsberg's wife was very involved with his actions following the publication of the Pentagon Papers. This photograph was used on the "Daniel Ellsberg" page. 

Daniel Ellsberg in 1971. Photograph. Financial Press. Accessed February 3, 2014. http://financialpress.com/2013/09/08/reports-nsa-has-cracked-much-online-encryption/.This is a photograph of Daniel Ellsberg taken in 1971 shortly after the Pentagon Papers were leaked. This photograph was used in the slideshow on the "Home" page. 

Daniel Ellsberg Speaking to the Press. Photograph. Finding Dulcinea. May 11, 2009. Accessed January 22, 2014. http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/May-June-08/On-this-Day--Pentagon-Papers-Case-Dismissed-by-Judge.html.This is a photograph of Daniel Ellsberg speaking to the press outside of a federal building in 1971. This was during the Pentagon Papers trial. This photograph was used for the slideshow on the "Home" page. 

Daniel Ellsberg Speaking to Unofficial House Panel. Photograph. AP Images. Accessed February 4, 2014. http://www.apimages.com/metadata/Index/Wikileaks-History/8713ab30725a46509c0789a5d0f85786/35/0.This photograph from July 28, 1971 is of Daniel Ellsberg speaking to the unofficial House panel that was investigating significance of the Pentagon Papers. Taken in Washington D.C., it represent how many people were interested in the papers and wanted to learn more about them when they were leaked to the press. This photograph was used on the "Daniel Ellsberg" page. 

"Daniel Ellsberg: The Most Dangerous Man in America." Youtube. Video file, 00:38. Accessed April 5, 2014. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXHDyNyXYY8.This is a video of an interview with Daniel Ellsberg conducting by PBS news. In this interview, clips from the documentary about the Pentagon Papers are shown. The questions focus on Daniel Ellsberg and the Pentagon Papers during the Vietnam War, Obama and his policies, and modern whistleblowers. In the clip featured on the "Effect on the Government", Daniel Ellsberg details what he believes are the impacts of the papers on press and government policy.   

Department of Central Intelligence Agency, Memorandum from the Director of Central Intelligence (McCone) to the President, Rep. (1964).This source was used to gain an understanding of the type of information in the Pentagon Papers and the type of information that was being withheld form the public. 

Dylan, Bob. "Masters of War." Recorded April 24, 1963. On The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan. Columbia Records, 1963, MP3.

This song, by Bob Dylan, was written in 1963, during the height of the anti-war movement. The song is about the ongoing war in Indochina and directly blames the government for the high death counts and bloody battles. This is a great song that helped me understand how the war impacted people even before the leak of the Pentagon Papers. This song is featured on the "Historical Context" page. 

"Edward Snowden: Here's how we take back the Internet." Youtube. Video file, 00:45. Accessed April 6, 2014. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVwAodrjZMY.This is a video of an interview between Chris Anderson and Edward Snowden provides insight into why Edward Snowden disclosed information about the NSA programs. He also discusses the importance of having a free government. This interview was valuable in understanding why Snowden felt it was necessary for the people to be aware of these NSA programs. This interview is featured on the "Modern Whistleblowers" page.  

Ellsberg Faces Press After Release from Jail. Photograph. University of Missouri-Kansis City School of Law. Accessed February 4, 2014. http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/ellsberg/TheMostDangerousManinAmerica.html.This is a photograph of Daniel Ellsberg surrounded by the press following his release from jail. The charges of espionage and theft against Ellsberg were dropped because of the wire-tapping and burglary by the government. This photograph was used on the "Daniel Ellsberg" page. 

Emerson, Gloria, Michael Bilton, and Kevin Sim. "Excerpts from Winners and Losers; Four Hours at My Lai." The Vietnam Era. Woodbridge, CT: Primary Source Media, 1999. American Journey. Student Resources In Context. Web. 5 Nov. 2013.This source was used to gain background knowledge of the events of the My Lai Massacre, one of the most important attacks on Vietnamese soil. It was also used to help explain how the media portrayed the war and the events of the Vietnam War. 

Erwin N. Griswold Dean. Photograph. EDS1350021909FNZSYQ. Rogers Photo Archive. Accessed February 1, 2014. https://www.argentaimages.com/media/image/q/Harvard/page/14.This is a photograph of Erwin Griswold, the Solicitor General for the United States from 1967 to 1973 under President Johnson and President Nixon. This photograph was used for the "Key Figures" page. 

Espionage and Censorship, 18 U.S.C. § 37 (1917).This source was used to analyze how the government justified its actions to try to halt the publication of the Pentagon Papers. This source detailing the Espionage Act was also used to indicate how it was used and further impacted the case of the New York Times v. United States. This act was also used to understand why it was a tough decision for the newspaper to publish the Pentagon Papers due to the consequences listed in this act. 

"Excerpt from the 'Pentagon Papers.'" American Decades. Ed. Judith S. Baughman, et al. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Student Resources In Context. Web. 5 Nov. 2013.

This was used to gain knowledge on what type of information was being withheld from the people and the contents of the Pentagon Papers. 

Fong, Wally. Daniel Ellsberg taking to press. Photograph. USA Today. Accessed January 23, 2014. http://www.usatoday.com/picture-gallery/news/2013/08/22/americans-charged-with-espionage/2686877/.This is a photograph of Daniel Ellsberg speaking to press outside of a federal building in Los Angeles. This photograph was used on the "Historical Context" page. 

Goodale, James C. Telephone interview by the author. NY. May 5, 2014.This was an interview with James C. Goodale, the chief counsel for the New York times during the Pentagon Papers case. He played a vital role in leading the New York Times to victory. The questions asked in the interview with James Goodale were:  Why did you feel it was important for the Times to publish the paper? What was your strategy for winning the Pentagon Papers case for the New York Times? In what way did the New York Times feel they had a responsibility to the American people to reveal the truth about the war in Vietnam? How does the Pentagon Papers case continue to impact the media and American law to this day? How has the Pentagon Papers case continued to impact your work as a First Amendment lawyer?  As requested by James Goodale, the full transcript is not featured on the website. However, Mr. Goodale provided valuable insight into the reasons and strategies of the Times in protecting their right to publication as well as the importance of the case.   

Henry Kissinger. Photograph. The National Archive. The George Washington University, Washington D.C. Accessed February 2, 2014. http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB123/.This is a photograph of Henry Kissinger. Kissinger was the Secretary of State under President Nixon. After the Pentagon Papers were leaked, Kissinger convinced Nixon that not opposing the publication would be a mistake on the president's part. He convinced Nixon to retaliate against the New York Times. This photograph was used on the "Key Figures" page. 

Holway, Donal F. Ellsberg outside federal courthouse. Photograph. The New York Times. Accessed February 3, 2014. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/08/us/08pentagon.html?pagewanted=all.This is a photograph of Daniel Ellsberg outside of a federal courthouse in 1971. Ellsberg was the military analyst who leaked the Pentagon Papers to the New York Times. This photograph was used for the "Home" page. 

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/124562/Protesters-demonstrating-against-the-Vietnam-War-New-York-City-April. Photograph. April 27, 1968. Accessed January 25, 2014. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/124562/Protesters-demonstrating-against-the-Vietnam-War-New-York-City-April.

This is a photograph of a anti-war protest in New York City in 1968. This photograph was used to demonstrate how the country was primarily against the war even before the publication of the Pentagon Papers. This photograph was used on the "Historical Context" page. 

"Imagine." By John Lennon. Recorded June 1971. On Imagine. Apple Records, 1971, MP3.This song, by John Lennon, was one of the most popular anti-war songs written in this time period. Written in 1971, the song talks about imagining a world where there is no war, there is peace, and everyone shares. Imagine is one of the prime examples of how the Pentagon Papers, leaked shortly before the song was recorded, affecting many people, especially in music. The song and the lyrics are featured on the "Effect on the Public" page. 

IU News Bureau, "For and Against the War," in Student Life at IU, Item #74, http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/omeka/archives/studentlife/items/show/74 (accessed February 3, 2014).This is a photograph of a anti-Vietnam War demonstration in 1967. This photograph was used for the slideshow on the "Home" page. 

Jewish Men Protesting the Vietnam War. Photograph. Jewish Currents. October 20, 2010. Accessed January 27, 2014. http://jewishcurrents.org/tag/vietnam-war-protests.This a photograph of Jewish men protesting the Vietnam war in 1957. This photograph shows that Jews were also involved in the anti-war movement. This photo was used to represent the public on the "Effect of the Pentagon Papers" page. 

Katharine Graham with Bobby Kennedy. Photograph. Daily Mail. Accessed February 1, 2014. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2003037/Pentagon-Papers-fully-released-40-years-secrecy-Vietnam-War-era.html.This is a photograph of Katharine Graham, former president and publisher of the Washington Post, with Bobby Kennedy in 1968. She led the newspaper through the Pentagon Papers case. 

Kennedy, Rusty. Daniel Ellsberg Speaking at Protest. Photograph. Deseret News. June 2, 2013. Accessed February 1, 2014. http://m.deseretnews.com/photo/765631205.This photograph, which was taken in 1972, shows Daniel Ellsberg, the chief defendant in the Pentagon Papers case, addressing a crowd at the State Capitol in Harrisburg, Pa. following an anti-war parade that ended at the Capitol. Ellsberg was very involved in the protests against the Vietnam War following the leak of the Pentagon Papers. This photograph was used on the "Effect on the Public" page. 

Kennerly, David Hume. President Richard Nixon. Photograph. ABC News. July 22, 2013. Accessed January 23, 2014. http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/week-history-july-22-july-27/story?id=19735218.This is a photograph of President Richard Nixon. This photograph was used on the "Historical Context" page. 

Lederhandler, Marty. New York Times Composing Room. Photograph. CBS News. June 14, 2011. Accessed February 2, 2014. http://www.cbsnews.com/news/reporter-recalls-role-in-pentagon-papers-saga/.This is a photograph was taken on June 30, 1971 in the composing room of the New York Times. Workers are looking at a proof sheet of a page containing the secret Pentagon report on Vietnam on June 30, 1971. This photograph was used on "The Ruling" page. 

Lonidler, Fred. Seattle Demonstration Against the Draft. Photograph. University of Washington. Accessed January 30, 2014. http://depts.washington.edu/antiwar/pnwhistory_vietnam.shtml.This is a photograph of a demonstration in Seattle against sending more troops to Indochina to fight in the Vietnam War. This photograph further supports the fact that around the country, the public was even more angry and against the Vietnam War. This photograph was used on the "Effect on the Public" page. 

Miller, John. A protest against the Vietnam War in 1972. Photograph. Pacific.Scoop. April 8, 2013. Accessed January 25, 2014. http://pacific.scoop.co.nz/2013/04/photographer-john-miller-a-sympathetic-observer-for-nzs-turbulent-times/.This photograph, taken by John Miller, is of a protest by Americans who opposed the Vietnam War. In the photograph, posters are shown that blame Nixon for the war. The photograph was used in the slideshow on the "Historical Context" page. 

New York Daily News. The Daily News Newsroom in 1971. Photograph. New York Daily News. September 20, 2012. Accessed February 3, 2014. http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/new-york-daily-news-newsroom-years-gallery-1.1138772?pmSlide=1.1138761.This is a photograph of the newsroom of the Daily News in 1971. This photograph was important because it was used to show the bustling of the newsroom in one of the most important years for the press. Many people are shown on phone calls and talking, demonstrating that newspapers worked very diligently in the 1970s. This photograph was used on the "Effect on the Media" page. 

New York Times Printing the Pentagon Papers. Photograph. IIP Digital. December 3, 2010. Accessed February 3, 2014. http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/publication/2010/11/20101124103624nayr0.5935262.html#axzz2sHoMUEWC.This is a photograph of the printing of the Pentagon Papers following the verdict of the Pentagon Papers case that allowed the New York Times to continue to publish. Taken in 1971, this photograph also shows how newspapers were printed in the 1970s, thus showing how the press functioned. This photograph was used on the "Effect on the Media" page. 

"Nixon phone call with John Mitchell, Tuesday, 15 June 1971, 6:35 p.m." The National Security Archive. Audio file. Accessed January 26, 2014. http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB48/nixon.html.

This is a audio clip of a conversation between Attorney General John Mitchell and President Richard Nixon the day after the publication of the first installment of the Pentagon Papers. Mitchell informs Nixon about the telegram sent to the New York Times and also discuss the implications the telegram could have. This is an important clip because it is the moment where Nixon decides to pursue the matter to stop the publication of the Pentagon Papers. This audio clip was used on the "Effect on the Government" page. 

Nixon Presidential Library and Museum. President Richard Nixon on the phone. Photograph. Daily Mail. December 13, 2010. Accessed January 30, 2014. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1338217/New-tape-recordings-reveal-Richard-Nixons-racist-rants-resigning-Watergate-scandal.html.This is a photograph of President Richard Nixon at his desk in the oval office. He is on the phone and has a serious face on. This image was taken while he was dealing with the Pentagon Papers leak. This photograph was used on the "Effect on the Government" page. 

Olson, John. John N. Mitchell. Photograph. TIME. Accessed January 28, 2014. http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1858691_1858690_1858586,00.html.This is a photograph of John Mitchell who was the Attorney General from 1969 to 1972. He was very important when the Pentagon Papers were leaked because he gave President Nixon advice on how he should pursue the issue. This photograph was used on the "Historical Context" page. 

Perez, Renato. New York Times Journalists Reading the Pentagon Papers. Photograph. The New York Times. July 31, 2010. Accessed January 29, 2014. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/01/weekinreview/01backthen.html.This is a photograph of New York Times journalists, including the managing editor A.M. Rosenthal, reading the first installment of the Pentagon Papers. This photo was taken in 1971. Rosenthal had to look over the Pentagon Papers before publishing them to make sure that they were allowed to pursue with the article. Rosenthal was one of the key figures in the publication of the Pentagon Papers. This photograph was used on the "Effect on the Media" page. 

Richard Nixon. Photograph. National Archive. Presidential Libraries. Accessed January 31, 2014. http://www.archives.gov/presidential-libraries/events/centennials/nixon/.This is a photograph of Richard Nixon from 1969. Richard Nixon was the 37th President of the United States. This photograph is used on the "Key Figures" page. 

Schenck v. United States, No. 437, 438.This source was used to analyze the justification of President Richard Nixon and his administration's actions to halt the publication of the Pentagon Papers in the New York Times and in The Washington Post. This court case was also used to gain a better understanding of how the Espionage Act had been used in the ruling of court cases prior to the case of the New York Times v. United States.

 Sweet, Barry. Anti-War Protest in Wisconsin. Photograph. Seattle Pi. Accessed February 5,

2014. http://www.seattlepi.com/local/article/Seattle-photographer-chronicled-hendrix-apollo-11-3813811.php#photo-3366197.This is a photograph of a demonstration on October 17, 1965 in Madison, Wisconsin. This demonstration took place on the grounds of the state's capitol. Anti-war protests were all across the country as more and more people turned against the war. People wanted the troops in Vietnam to come home and stop the government from sending more troops to Indochina. This photograph was used on the "Anti-War Movement" page. 

Time & Life Pictures. Daniel Ellsberg testifying before Congressional Judiciary Committee on Government Security. Photograph. truTV. Accessed January 20, 2014. http://www.trutv.com/conspiracy/government-lies/watergate/gallery.html?curPhoto=2.This is a photograph of Daniel Ellsberg testifying before the Congressional Judiciary Committee on Government Security. This photograph was used on the "Historical Context" page. 

Times, New York. "Excerpt from Interview with Private Paul Meadlo, November 25, 1969." The Cold War. Ed. Walter Hixson. Woodbridge, CT: Primary Source Media, 2000. American Journey. Student Resources In Context. Web. 5 Nov. 2013.This source was used to gain background information about the extent of the war in Vietnam. 

Timm, Trevor. "National History Day Contestant." E-mail message to author. March 31, 2014.This e-mail was the answers to the questions I messaged to Trevor Timm, the co-founder of the Freedom of the Press Foundation. The questions were sent in a previous email and this cited email were the responses. The full interview is featured on the subtitled "Trevor Timm" page.  

United States v. New York Times, Co., No. 1873.This source was used to analyze the court case of the New York Times v. United States and how it impacted the further publication of the Pentagon Papers. It was used to gain information about the arguments of the Times and the president. This court case was also used to gain information about how and why the decision of the Supreme Court was made. This source helped strengthen the argument that the media had the right to publish the Pentagon Papers freely. 

University of Missouri-Kansis City. "Walter Cronkite, Anchor for the CBS Evening News, Interviews Daniel Ellsberg." University of Missouri-Kansis City School of Law. Accessed February 1, 2014. http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/ellsberg/cronkiteinterview.html.This website, which featured an interview between Walter Cronkite, the anchor for CBS news, and Daniel Ellsberg was very interesting. The interview, which was done in a secret location just a few days after the publication of the Pentagon Papers in the New York Times, was very intriquing because it detailed Ellsberg's motives and was a way of informing the public in 1971 what the documents really meant.

 VVAW marches on the Capitol. Photograph. Free Webs. Accessed January 31, 2014.

http://www.freewebs.com/antivietnam/veteran.htm.This is a photograph of the VVAW march on the Capitol on July 3, 1974. The march ended in violence. This photograph was used on the "Effect on the Public" page. 

The War Exposés: Battle Over The Right to Know Read more: TIME’s 1971 Cover Stories on Daniel Ellsberg and the Pentagon Papers Time Magazine Cover. Illustration. July 5, 1971. Accessed February 1, 2014. http://newsfeed.time.com/2013/06/10/times-1971-cover-stories-on-daniel-ellsberg-and-the-pentagon-papers/.This is the cover of Time magazine five days after the ruling of the Pentagon Papers case. It is an illustration of Daniel Ellsberg. The title on the illustration is: "The war Exposes: Battle Over the Right to Know." This was used in the slideshow on the "Home" page. 

Washington DC Anti-Vietnam Protest. Photograph. History Central. Accessed January 30, 2014. http://historycentral.com/Vietnam/bigantiwar.html.This is a photograph of a anti-Vietnam War protest that took place in Washington D.C. There were more than 250,000 people there and it is considered one of, if not the, largest demonstrations against the Vietnam War. This was used to show how the public was even more upset with the government and the war after the Pentagon Papers were leaked. This photograph was used on the "Effect on the Public" page. 

Washington D.C. Anti-war Protest. Photograph. The Grio. August 28, 2010. Accessed January 25, 2014. http://thegrio.com/2010/08/28/slideshow-the-marches-that-moved-a-nation/#s:1971-vietnam-war-protest-march-jpg.This is a photograph from the Vietnam War Moratorium/ Vietnam War Out Now Rally from November of 1969 to April of 1971. This rally took place in Washington D.C., in front of the Capitol building. This photograph was used in the slideshow on the "Historical Context" page. 

The Washington Post. Washington Post Newsroom. Photograph. Timesunion.com. September 26, 2013. Accessed January 29, 2014. http://www.timesunion.com/living/article/Pages-of-history-4846695.php#photo-5240793.The photo shows The Washington Post's crowded newsroom before it expanded to upscale quarters. Running the foreign desk, Harry Rosenfeld confers with colleague Lee Lescaze, to his far right. The news, national and local desks are in the background. Pneumatic tubes on desks moved copy to composing room. This photograph was used to give the viewer an idea of what a newsroom of a large newspaper looked in the 1970s. This photograph was used on the "Effect on the Media" page. 

The Washington Post's Katharine Graham. Photograph. CNN Money. Accessed February 3, 2014. http://management.fortune.cnn.com/tag/washington-post/.This is a photograph of Katharine Graham from 1969. Graham was the president and publisher of the Washington Post. She led the newspaper through the Pentagon Papers publication and cases. This photograph was used on the "Key Figures" page. 

Wasser, Julian, and Time & Life Pictures. Ellsberg Speaking with Boudin. Photograph. Wired. December 13, 2012. Accessed February 1, 2014. http://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2012/12/the-decades-that-invented-the-future-part-8-1971-1980/#slideid-331021.This is a photograph of the anti war activist, Daniel Ellsberg, speaking with his lawyer, Leonard Boudin, while on trial for leaking the Pentagon Papers to the press. This photograph was used for "The Ruling" page. 

Women's Brigade in Washington D.C. Photograph. NPR Books. May 18, 2011. Accessed January 25, 2014. http://www.npr.org/2011/07/14/135521203/the-first-woman-in-congress-a-crusader-for-peace.This is a photograph taken in 1968 of a women's brigade protesting the Vietnam War led by former Montana Rep. Jeanette Rankin. This photograph showed that women were involved in the anti-war movement in the 1960s and 1970s as well. This photograph was used for the slideshow on the "Historical Context" page. 

Wood, Susan. Daniel Ellsberg. Photograph. Time. Accessed February 3, 2014. http://world.time.com/2013/06/10/10-notorious-leakers-and-how-they-fared/slide/daniel-ellsberg/.This photograph of Daniel Ellsberg was taken on October 10, 1976, after he was released from jail after the mistrial. The photograph was used on the "Key Figures" page. 

 

Secondary Sources

A+E Television Networks. "Daniel Ellsberg." Biography.com. Accessed January 25, 2014. http://www.biography.com/people/daniel-ellsberg-17176398.This website contains basic information about Daniel Ellsberg. It was useful because it helped me gain basic information about Ellsberg's life and what led to his decisions. 

Apple, R. W. "Lessons from the Pentagon Papers." New York Times. Accessed January 27, 2014. http://www.nytimes.com/books/97/04/13/reviews/papers-lessons.html.This article from the New York Times was very useful in understanding the impact and importance of the Pentagon Papers and the ruling of the case. It was very thorough and gave some valuable insight into the history of the leak of the papers. 

Bettman. Vietnam War Photograph. Mail Online. Accessed January 23, 2014. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2003037/Pentagon-Papers-fully-released-40-years-secrecy-Vietnam-War-era.html.This is a photograph from the Vietnam War. This photograph was used on the "Historical Context" page when explaining what type of information was in the Pentagon Papers. 

The Bill of Rights. Image. Examiner.com. April 26, 2009. Accessed February 3, 2014. http://www.examiner.com/article/the-2nd-amendment-remains-intact.

This is an image of the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights contains the First Amendment. The First Amendment protects the freedom of the press, speech, religion, and assembly. This amendment was used by the New York Times for its justification for being allowed to publish the Pentagon Papers. This image was used on the "Effect on the Media" page. 

Bob Dylan. Photograph. Biography.com. Accessed January 25, 2014. http://www.biography.com/people/bob-dylan-9283052.This is a photograph of the young Bob Dylan. This photograph was included in the section on the "Historical Context" page that shows the anti-war movement in the country in the 1960s and 1970s. 

Campbell, Geoffrey A. The Pentagon Papers: National Security versus the Public's Right to Know. San Diego: Lucent, 2000.This book was used to gain basic information about the events leading up to the publication of the Pentagon Papers and the events following the publication. The book explained what national security was and how it pertained to this case, which is very important in order to understand why the events after the publication of the Pentagon Papers took place. It was also used to analyze the arguments and justifications of the government and the New York Times in the case of New York Times v. United States. This was a great book because it gave valuable information that helped explain both sides of the argument, giving me a better comprehension of the complexity of the case and the issues the publication of the papers dealt with. 

Chief Justice Warren E. Burger. Photograph. Minnesota Historical Society. Accessed February 1, 2014. http://libguides.mnhs.org/burger.This is a photograph of Warren E. Burger, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court that handled the Pentagon Papers case. He ruled in favor of the government on the case. This photograph was used for the "Opinions of the Justices" page. 

Corbis. Attorney General John N. Mitchell. Photograph. Discovery Channel. Accessed February 3, 2014. http://www.discovery.com/tv-shows/all-the-presidents-men-revisited/presidents-men-today/what-happened.htm.This is a photograph of Attorney General John Mitchell. Mitchell sent a telegram in June of 1971 after the publication of the Pentagon Papers to the New York Times to make them halt the publication of the papers. He was forced to resign after his involvement in the Watergate Scandal came to light. This photograph was used on the "Effect on the Government" page. 

Cpapini. "The Pentagon Papers." Timetoast. Accessed January 29, 2014. http://www.timetoast.com/timelines/the-pentagon-papers.This website, which has a timeline of events, was the source I got my information from when I made the Prezi on the "Timeline of Events" page. All the information was double checked and confirmed before putting it into the Prezi. 

Daniel Ellsberg Military Analyst. Photograph. University of Wisconsin River Falls. Accessed February 4, 2014. http://www.uwrf.edu/NotableVisitors/1970s.cfm.

This is a photograph of Daniel Ellsberg, former military analyst. This photograph was used for the "Daniel Ellsberg" page. 

"Dramatic Intro Music." Audio file, 00:43. Youtube. Posted by VFXZach, July 9, 2011. Accessed May 18, 2014. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgQrzkvvOO4.This audio clip was featured on the "Thesis" page.  

Edwards, Michael. Harry Markopolos. Photograph. CNN Money. Accessed April 3, 2014. http://i2.cdn.turner.com/money/2010/02/25/news/companies/madoff_markopolos.fortune/harry_markopolos.top.jpg.This is a photograph of Harry Markopolos, the forensic accounting investigator who revealed that Bernie Madoff's business was a Ponzi Scheme. This photograph is featured on the "Modern Whistleblowers" page.  

Edward Snowden: NSA Whistleblower. Photograph. Reuters. Accessed March 15, 2014. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2342784/Edward-Snowden-criticized-Bob-Schieffer-says-NSA-whistle-blower-hero.html.This photograph was used to provide a picture of Edward Snowden. This photograph was taken during an interview of Edward Snowden. This photograph was featured on the "Modern Whistleblowers" page.  

"Edward Snowden To Join Daniel Ellsberg, Others on Freedom of the Press Foundation’s Board of Directors." Freedom of the Press Foundation. Accessed March 25, 2014. https://pressfreedomfoundation.org/blog/2014/01/edward-snowden-join-daniel-ellsberg-others-freedom-press-foundations-board-directors.This is the official website of the Freedom of the Press Foundation. The FPF was founded by Daniel Ellsberg, Trevor Timm, and other advocates for freedom of the press. Recently, Edward Snowden was added to the Board of Directors for the Foundation. This webpage was helpful in connecting Edward Snowden to Daniel Ellsberg and the Pentagon Papers as Daniel Ellsberg comments on Edwards actions often on this page. This webpage was also helpful in preparing for the interview with Trevor Timm, the co-founder of the foundation. Information from this page was used on the "Modern Whistleblowers" page.  

Edwinn Starr. Photograph. Virgin Media. Accessed February 4, 2014. http://www.virginmedia.com/music/features/bigger-than-elvis.php?page=9.This is a photograph of Edwin Starr. Starr is one of the most popular singers from the anti-Vietnam War movement in America. Known for his song "War," he is recognized by many for his powerful voice. This photograph was used for the "Ant-War Movement" page. 

Farish, Leah. The First Amendment. Springfield: Enslow Publishers, 1998.This book was used to analyze how the New York Times used the First Amendment to back their claim in the case of New York Times v. United States. It was also used to gain basic information about the actions the government took to stop the publication of the Pentagon Papers as well as the overall events that took place after the papers were first

published in the New York Times. The First Amendment was very important in the Pentagon Papers case and this book explained why and how it was used. 

First Run Features. Phil Ochs. Photograph. Thirteen. January 23, 2012. Accessed January 25, 2014. http://www.thirteen.org/13pressroom/press-release/american-masters-2012-season-phil-ochs-2/.This is a photograph of the young Phil Ochs, an American protest songwriter. He was very popular during the anti-war movement in America during the 1960s and early 1970s. This photograph was used in the Anti-War Movement section on the "Historical Context" page. 

Green, Allen. Young Daniel Ellsberg. Photograph. QOTD. Accessed February 3, 2014. http://www.qotd.org/search/search.html?aid=7791&page=2.This is a photograph of the young Daniel Ellsberg. This photograph was used on the "Significance" page. 

Harry Haldeman. Photograph. Born Today. Accessed January 29, 2014. http://www.born-today.com/Today/10-27.htm.This is a photograph of Harry Haldeman, President Nixon's White House Chief of Staff. Nixon relied on Haldeman often for advice. This photograph was used for the "Significance" page. 

Herda, D.J. New York Times v. United States: National Security and Censorship, Revised Edition. Berkeley Heights: Enslow Publishers, 2011.This book was used to analyze how the government used the threat of national security as a justification for its actions. It was also used to analyze how the Supreme court made its decision in the case of New York Times v. United States by using the perspectives and beliefs of the nine justices of the time. This was a great book that went into depth about the case, the events leading up to it, and its importance in history. 

Hugo L. Black. Photograph. Wikipedia. Accessed February 2, 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Black.This is a photograph of Justice Hugo L. Black, a justice who ruled in favor of the New York Times. His argument contained many quotes that are powerful and are featured throughout the website. This photograph was used on the "Opinions of the Justices" page. 

James C. Goodale. Photograph. CUNY Graduate School of Journalism. September 17, 2013. Accessed February 3, 2014. http://www.journalism.cuny.edu/events/brown-bag-speaker-james-goodale/#.UvCK8aWID0A.This is a picture of James Goodale. He represented the New York Times in the Pentagon Papers case. This photograph was used on "The Case" page. 

John Mitchell. Photograph. New York Natives. Accessed January 30, 2014. http://newyorknatives.com/on-this-day-in-new-york-citys-history-13/.This is a photograph of John Mitchell. Mitchell was the Attorney General under President Nixon who, in conversation with Nixon, convinced Nixon to ask the New York Times to

halt the publication of the Pentagon Papers. This photograph was used on the "Key Figures" page. 

Justice Hugo L. Black. Photograph. The Free Dictionary. Accessed February 1, 2014. http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Black,+Hugo+Lafayette.This is a photograph of Justice Hugo L. Black. This photograph was used for the "Significance" page. 

Justice Potter Stewart. Photograph. The Supreme Court of Ohio & the Ohio Judicial System. Accessed February 1, 2014. http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/MJC/places/pStewart.asp.This is a photograph of Justice Potter Stewart, who ruled in favor of the newspaper. However, he said that in some cases, the press can be limited. This photograph was used for the "Opinions of Justices" page and the "Significance" page. 

Justice William O. Douglas. Photograph. Esquire. Accessed January 29, 2014.This is a photograph of Justice William O. Douglas, who ruled that in no circumstance can the press be limited. This photograph was used for the "Significance" page. 

Leslie H. Gelb. Photograph. NNDB Tracking the World. Accessed February 1, 2014. http://www.nndb.com/people/814/000079577/.This is a photograph of Leslie H. Gelb. Gelb was the director of the writing and planning of the Pentagon Papers. He later became a correspondent for the New York Times. This photograph was used on the "Key Figures" page. 

Leslie H. Gelb. Photograph. Tufts University. Accessed January 29, 2014. http://www.tufts.edu/home/feature/?p=commencement2009&p8=8.This is a photograph of Leslie H. Gelb, the Director of the project that produced the Pentagon Papers and former New York Times diplomatic correspondent. This photograph was used on the "Significance" page. 

Mulholland, Eddie. President Nixon. Photograph. The Telegraph. January 18, 2009. Accessed February 2, 2014. http://53631773.nhd.weebly.com/process-paper.html.I took a part of the this photograph, the part that was of President Richard Nixon. This photograph was used on the "The Case" page. 

Newseum. "The Pentagon Papers." Youtube. Video file. Posted June 10, 2011. Accessed January 26, 2014. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4kQG1bPf2k.This is a video clip that gives a basis for what the Pentagon Papers were, who released them, and why they were important. This video was included on the "Historical Context" page in order to give viewers a quick overview of what took place before any specific details were given. This quick video was helpful in understanding what took place. 

Newspaper of the Ruling of the Pentagon Papers Case. Photograph. Prof Chris Daly's Blog. June 13, 2011. Accessed January 1, 2014. http://journalismprofessor.com/2011/06/13/pentagon-papers-at-40/.

This is a photograph of the front page of the New York Times newspaper that shows the ruling of the case. This photograph of the newspaper was printed the day after the ruling of the case. This photograph was used on "The Ruling" page. 

"NSA leaker Edward Snowden: What does he know?" Youtube. Video file, 00:45. Posted by CBS News, June 12, 2013. Accessed March 18, 2014. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_q9KUZZG8w.This video from CBS News was useful because it gave a brief overview of why Edward Snowden has been in the news. This video gives viewers a basic understanding of what type of information was released. This video is featured on the "Modern Whistleblowers" page. 

Official Portrait of Robert S. McNamara. Photograph. Wikipedia. January 13, 2014. Accessed February 1, 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_McNamara.This is the official portrait photograph of Robert McNamara, the Secretary of Defense from 1961 to 1968. He commissioned the Pentagon Papers and included Leslie Gelb as the director of the project and Daniel Ellsberg as one of its writers. This photograph was used on the "Key Figures" page. 

Pete Seeger. Photograph. Rolling Stone. Accessed February 5, 2014. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/pete-seeger.This is a photograph of Pete Seeger, one of the most popular artists from the anti-Vietnam War movement. He mostly wrote American folk music. Pete Seeger is one of the most important contributors to the music industry in the 1960s and 1970s. His songs strengthened the opposition of the war. This photograph was used on the "Anti-War Movement" page. 

Photograph of James C. Goodale. PLI: Practising Law Institute. Accessed February 3, 2014. http://www.pli.edu/Content/Faculty/James_C_Goodale/_/N-4oZ1z13fxt?Ns=sort_date%7C0&ID=PE188024.This photograph is on the faculty page on the PLI website. James C. Goodale was the head of the General Council for the New York Times. He convinced the New York Times to publish the Pentagon Papers in June of 1971. The photograph was used on the "Key Figures" page. 

Photograph of the publication of the Pentagon Papers. Ellsberg.net. June 13, 2011. Accessed January 25, 2014. http://www.ellsberg.net.This is a photograph of the article printed by the New York Times that contains the first installment of the Pentagon Papers on June 13, 1971. This photograph was used in the slideshow on the "Home" and the "Historical Context" page. 

Rhodes, Henry A. "The News Media's Coverage of the Vietnam War." Yale University. Last modified 2013. Accessed November 6, 2013. http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1983/4/83.04.03.x.html.This source was used to gain background information about the Vietnam war, including the government's actions and the anti-war movement.

 Robert McNamara. University of Missouri-Kansis City School of Law. Curators of the University

of Missouri, n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2014. <http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/ellsberg/ellsbergaccount.html>This is a photograph of Robert McNamara, the Secretary of Defense from 1961 to 1968. McNamara commissioned the Pentagon Papers in 1967 with Daniel Ellsberg as one of its writers. This photograph was used on the "Historical Context" page. 

TheSimpleTruth2. "Daniel Ellsberg Exposes the US Government (Pentagon Papers Documentary)." Youtube. Video file. Posted June 13, 2011. Accessed February 3, 2014. http://www.youtube.com/watchv=mCKn2Bqf7fk&list=PL6D476F5660C6BBEA.This is a clip from a Pentagon Papers documentary that contains interviews from many historians, including Daniel Ellsberg. This clip from the documentary discusses the effect that the papers had on the media. The Pentagon Papers were published by many newspapers and were featured in the first 15 minutes of the news every single day and night for a month. The media was very involved in the leak of the Pentagon Papers. This video was used on the "Effect on the Media" page and on the "Significance" page. 

Tran, Andrew. "“Clearance that Even the President Doesn’t Have”: An Interview with Daniel Ellsberg." The Yale Review of International Studies. Accessed February 1, 2014. http://“Clearance that Even the President Doesn’t Have”: An Interview with Daniel Ellsberg.This interview with Daniel Ellsberg was very useful because it helped gain information as to why Ellsberg leaked the Pentagon Papers and how he believes the papers should be interpreted. This source gave a different point of view and very interesting. 

Underlying. "A Timeline of Whistleblowers." Dipity. Accessed March 23, 2014. http://www.dipity.com/pov/A-Timeline-of-Whistleblowers/.This is a website where user can create timelines. This timeline, made by a different user, was found on the website. This information was used to make the Prezi on the "Modern Whistleblowers" page. All of the information on the timeline was double-checked to ensure its accuracy.   

The Washington Post. President Nixon. Photograph. Esquire. March 18, 2013. Accessed January 27, 2014. http://www.esquire.com/blogs/politics/Nixon_Still_Pretty_Much_Sucks.This is a photograph of President Richard Nixon, the 37th president of the United States, who dealt with the leak of the Pentagon Papers. He, by request of John Mitchell (Attorney General), sent a telegram to The New York Times asking them to halt the publication of the Pentagon Papers. This photograph was used on the "Effect of the Papers" page to represent the government. 

W. Mark Felt. Photograph. Getty. CBS News Archive. Accessed March 27, 2014. http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/leakers-rocked-america/story?id=19373569.This is a photograph of W. Mark Felt, an associate director of the FBI, who disclosed that a White House Staff member was involved in the Break in at the Democratic National

Committee headquarters. This information led to the revelation that Nixon was involved in the break in. This photograph was used for the "Modern Whistleblowers" page.   

Young Daniel Ellsberg. Photograph. Voices Compassionate Education. Accessed February 4, 2014. http://voiceseducation.org/content/daniel-ellsberg-why-pentagon-papers-matter-now.This is a photograph of Daniel Ellsberg, the whistleblower who leaked the Pentagon Papers in 1971. This photograph was used on the "Daniel Ellsberg" page.