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NATIONAL AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

(NADP / RKVY)

STATE AGRICULTURE INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

(SAIDP)

TAMIL NADU

CENTRE FOR AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

TAMIL NADU AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY COIMBATORE - 641 003

2016

STATE AGRICULTURE INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (SAIDP)

PROJECT TEAM

Overall Coordination : Dr. M. CHINNADURAI Director, CARDS & Nodal Officer, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641 003.

Principal Coordinator : Dr. R. VENKATRAM

Professor, Dept. of Agricultural Rural Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641 003.

Consultants : Dr. R. SUNDARESAN

Professor of Agricultural Economics (Retd.) Dr. S.R. SUBRAMANIAN

Former Director, CARDS Research Fellows : Dr. S. GANESH

Research Associate Dr. R. PRABHU Research Associate Dr. M. UMA GOWRI Research Associate Dr. M. KANDESHWARI Research Associate Dr. E. ALLIRANI Research Associate Dr. N. ROHINI Research Associate Mrs. M. PRIYADHARSHINI Senior Research Fellow Mr. P. MAYILSAMY Senior Research Fellow

Data Entry Operators : Ms. M. SUMATHI

Mrs. D. RANI CHANDRA Mrs. A. DHANALAKSHMI Mrs. V. MARIAMMAL Mrs. N. PRIYADARSINI

CONTENTS

CHAPTER No. TITLE PAGE No.

I Introduction 1

II Resource Base and Infrastructure 10

III Infrastructure and Budget 47

IV Summary 224

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE No.

PARTICULARS PAGE

No.

1.1 Infrastructure and Assets covered in preparation of SAIDP 6

2.1 District wise Land Use Classification in Tamil Nadu - 2011-12 11

2.2 Land Utilization Pattern in Tamil Nadu State 13

2.3 Operational Holdings as per Agricultural Census 16

2.4 Size of Holdings in Tamil Nadu State 17

2.5 Change in Availability of Groundwater in Tamil Nadu 18

2.6 Source-wise Net Area Irrigated and Percentage to Total Irrigated Area 20

2.7 District – wise Details of Net Area and Gross Area Irrigated in Tamil Nadu

21

2.8 District wise Irrigation Intensity 22

2.9 Five Year Plan (12th Plan) Target and Gaps 24

2.10 Distribution of improved Seeds by Crops 25

2.11 Seed Replacement by Crops - Percentage to Total Cropped Area 26

2.12 Details of Agricultural Machinery and Implements 28

2.13 Value of Agricultural Produce sold by Marketing Co-operatives 30

2.14 Livestock Census of Tamil Nadu 31

2.15 District wise Livestock Census – 2007 32

2.16 Breedable Cattle Population 33

2.17 Milk Production and Availability 34

2.18 District wise Milk Production 34

2.19 Poultry Population of Tamil Nadu 36

2.20 District-wise Poultry and other Animals Population 37

2.21 Egg Production 38

2.22 Details of animal health care activities 40

2.23 Fish Production in Tamil Nadu 41

2.24 Export of Fish and Fish Products 42

2.25 Infrastructure Investment 45

2.26 Infrastructure projects identified by State Government 45

3.1 Infrastructure Facilities for Production of Planting Materials 49

3.2 Infrastructure Facility for Seed Processing 50

3.3 Infrastructure Facilities for Seed Quality Maintenance --

52

3.4 Infrastructure for Production of Organic Manure 53

3.5 Establishment of Laboratories 56

TABLE No.

PARTICULARS PAGE

No.

3.6 Infrastructure for Agricultural Research and Development 58

3.7 Infrastructure to Strengthen Extension Activities 61

3.8 Infrastructure for Post-Harvest Management 62

3.9 Propagation of Drip / Micro Irrigation 64

3.10 Promotion of Agricultural Implements and Machinery for Farm and Post-

Harvest Operations 66

3.11 Consolidated Budget for Infrastructure Requirements in Agriculture

Sector 74

3.12 Production of Planting Materials 76

3.13 Promotion of Protection Cultivation in Horticultural Crops 77

3.14 Improvement in Post-Harvest Handling and Promotion of Storage

Structures 82

3.15 Strengthening Facilities for Marketing of Horticultural Produces 85

3.16 Production of Organic Manure 86

3.17 Strengthening Extension Activities 89

3.18 Infrastructure for Horticultural Research and Development 92


3.20 Infrastructure for Water Harvesting and Storage 96

3.21 Distribution of Agricultural Implements and Machinery for Farm and Post-Harvest Operations

99

3.22 Infrastructure for Post-Harvest Management 104

3.23 Consolidated Budget for Infrastructure Requirement in Horticulture

Sector 105

3.24 Procurement and distribution of Agricultural Machinery and Equipment 107

3.25 Establishment of Farm Machinery Banks for Custom Hiring Centre 109

3.26 Establishment of Hi-Tech, High Productive Equipment Hub for Custom Hiring

111

3.27 Promotion of Farm Mechanization in Selected Villages 112

3.28 Promotion of Mechanized Farming operations 114

3.29 Budget for Tractor Hiring Scheme 115

3.30 Propagation of drip / minor irrigation 117

3.31 Utilization of solar energy and promotion of solar pumpsets 119

3.32 Water Conservation Measures 121

3.33 Soil Conservation Measures 122

3.34 Budget for Infrastructure Requirement in Agricultural Engineering 123

3.35 Establishment of Marketing Structures 126

3.36 Establishment of Processing Units 134

TABLE No.

PARTICULARS PAGE

No.

3.37 Establishment / Strengthening of Marketing Institutions 137

3.38 Establishment of Farmers Learning Centre 141

3.39 Provision of Market Accessories 143

3.40 Abstract for Infrastructure Requirement in Marketing Sector 148

3.41 Establishment of Seed Processing Units and Seed Testing Labs 150

3.42 Strengthening of Seed Certification Institutions 152

3.43 Seed Certification Accessories 153

3.44 Budget for Infrastructure Development in Seed Certification 154

3.45 Establishment of Livestock Farms and Poultry Units 156

3.46 Establishment of Cattle Feed Production Units 160

3.47 Production of Organic Manure 163


3.49 Strengthening of Breeding Units 166

3.50 Provision of Facilities for Improved Delivery of Veterinary Services 167

3.51 Strengthening Infrastructure Facilities 169

3.52 Establishment of New Structures for Veterinary Services 172

3.53 Establishment of Disease Diagnostic Centres 175

3.54 Establishment of Mobile Veterinary Units 177

3.55 Establishment of Milk Processing Units 179

3.56 Strengthening Extension Facilities 181

3.57 Machineries and Implements in Animal Husbandry 183

3.58 Budget for Infrastructure Development in Animal Husbandry Sector 187

3.59 Establishment of Fish Culture Ponds and Provision of Inputs 189

3.60 Establishment of GIFT Farms and Provision of Inputs 191

3.61 Establishment of Ornamental Fish Culture Unit 193

3.62 Establishment of Fish Markets or Stall / Kiosk 195

3.63 Strengthening of Infrastructure Facilities 199

3.64 Infrastructure for Fisheries Research and Development 202

3.65 Strengthening of Extension Facilities 204

3.66 Machineries and Implements for Fishing 207

3.67 Consolidate Budget for Infrastructure Development in Fisheries Sector 210

3.68 Strengthening Sericulture Department 212

3.69 Establishment of Silk Rearing Centres and Reeling Units 213

3.70 Strengthening Marketing Facilities 216

TABLE No.

PARTICULARS PAGE

No.

3.71 Establishment of Farmer Learning Centre 216

3.72 Consolidated Budget for Infrastructure Development in Sericulture Sector

217

3.73 Infrastructure Development for Agroforestry 219

3.74 Budget outlay for Public Works Department (WRO) 221

3.75 Budget outlay for Cooperation and Civil Supplies 222

3.76 Sector wise funds Requirements for Infrastructure 223

3.77 Sector wise funds Requirements for Infrastructure 230

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Investment in agricultural infrastructure is essential to achieve better agricultural

growth. Agricultural infrastructure primarily includes wide range of interventions that facilitate

production, procurement, processing, preservation and trade. Such input based, resource

based, physical and institutional infrastructure significantly influences the spread of proven

and demonstrated technologies. This implies that different forms of infrastructure should be

provided to achieve better growth.

Hence, Government of India launched the National Agriculture Development

Program (NADP) with special Additional Assistance Scheme since the beginning of 11th Five

Year Plan to rejuvenate agriculture and allied sectors and to accelerate the growth process.

Accordingly, it was suggested that during 12th Five Year plan period, each State government

has to formulate different strategies for the development of agriculture and allied sectors

through the preparation of District Agriculture Plans (DAPs), State Agriculture Plan (SAP)

and State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program (SAIDP). The approaches to

achieve the growth have to be location specific and needs are to be drawn based on felt

needs. Thus, the major objective of the State Agricultural Infrastructure Development

Program (SAIDP) is to identify the infrastructure for agricultural development and fund

requirement across the agriculture and allied sectors in Tamil Nadu.

As per the SAIDP, the major focus suggested are investment on infrastructure such

as nursery establishment, micro irrigation, agricultural implements and machineries,

processing units, strengthening of market institutions, seed testing labs, animal breeding

units, veterinary service centres, fish rearing units, agricultural markets, research and

development in agriculture and allied sectors etc. Creation or strengthening of such

infrastructure could not only contribute to the agricultural growth at the macro level, but also

could minimize the disparity across sectors and regions. To execute the various

developmental activities, the State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Programme

(SAIDP) proposed a budget of ₹. 7609.03 Crore.

With regard to sector-wise allocation, 10.36 per cent of the outlay is proposed for

agriculture, 11.61 per cent to horticulture, 38.46 per cent to agricultural engineering, 12.92

per cent to agricultural marketing, 0.29 per cent to seed certification, 13.01 per cent to

animal husbandry and dairy development, 3.68 per cent to fisheries, 0.56 per cent to

sericulture, 0.46 per cent to agro-forestry, 8.36 per cent to PWD (WRO) and 0.29 per cent to

cooperation and civil supplies. Thus about 45 per cent of the budget proposed under State

Agriculture Plan needs to be allocated for infrastructure development in the State through

SAIDP.

BUDGET OUTLAY

S. No.

Sector SAIDP

(₹ in Crore) Sector-wise share (%)

SAP (₹ in Crore)

Share of SAIDP in SAP (%)

1 Agriculture 787.98 10.36 6094.16 12.93

2 Horticulture 883.52 11.61 2247.42 39.31

3 Agricultural Engineering 2926.58 38.46 3047.91 96.02

4 Agricultural Marketing 982.84 12.92 1070.07 91.85

5 Seed Certification 22.17 0.29 22.49 98.58

6 Animal Husbandry and

Dairy Development 989.41 13.01 3049.78 32.44

7 Fisheries 280.25 3.68 528.35 53.04

8 Sericulture 42.74 0.56 74.87 57.09

9 Agro Forestry 35.05 0.46 53.54 65.47

10 PWD (WRO) 636.44 8.36 636.44 100.00

11 Cooperation and Civil

Supplies 22.05 0.29 22.05 100.00

Grand Total 7609.03 100.00 16847.08 45.17

1

Tamil Nadu - State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Tamil Nadu contributes approximately 3.0 per cent of the food grain production, 7.0

per cent of vegetable production, 12 per cent of fruit production and 24 per cent of flower

production of India. During the end of 11th Five Year plan period, Tamil Nadu produced

101.52 lakh tonnes of food grains, 11.14 lakh tonnes of oilseeds, 58.77 lakh tonnes of fruits,

69.27 lakh tonnes of vegetables, 10.05 lakh tonnes of spices and 2.74 lakh tonnes of flowers.

Subsequently, during the 12th Five Year Plan (2012-2017), new targets were set so as to

achieve faster and sustainable growth in agriculture and allied sectors. The Vision 2023 also

reiterated that agriculture and allied sectors in Tamil Nadu State need to achieve annual

growth of minimum 5.0 per cent to bring more prosperity to farming community.

Considering the above agenda set forth in the 12th Plan and beyond and the current

trend and stages of development in various resources like land and water would reveal

certain challenges. In the State, the net sown area had declined from 61.69 lakh hectares in

1970-71 to 49.86 lakh hectares in 2011-12. The availability of land for agricultural purpose

has been shrinking gradually resulting in increased pressure on the limited land resources.

Land put to non-agricultural uses had however increased from 14.89 lakh hectares in 1970-

71 to 21.81 lakh hectares in 2011-12 due to various reasons like urbanization and

industrialization which in turn also lead to transfer of water and labor from agriculture to non-

agricultural purposes. The other fallow lands had also increased from 5.73 lakh hectares in

1970-71 to 15.94 lakh hectares in 2011-12. Such increased fallow lands (cultivable waste,

current fallows and other fallows) were due to conversion of cultivable land to other purposes

to meet the requirement of urbanization, inadequate water availability for cultivation arising

out of failure of monsoon rains, uncertainty in release of water in Cauvery and from other

major reservoirs and general depletion of ground water. Subsequently, the cropping intensity

has been hovering around 115-119 per cent in the last five decades in the State as

compared to all India figure of 133 per cent.

No doubt large investments have been made since independence to harness the

various resources especially the available water resources in the State. Tamil Nadu receives

an annual average rainfall of 921.5 mm and 48 per cent of this rain is received during the

North East Monsoon (months of October, November and December). Besides, there are 17

river basins with seasonal water flow. The limited availability of water is thus creating a huge

strain in the irrigation capability of the State. Hence, the net area irrigated from various

2


sources of irrigation is only 59 per cent leaving vast area of land uncovered with irrigation

water source. Growth in size of farm, a prime factor of input use efficiency would also throw

some light in the development at village level. The average size of holdings in Tamil Nadu

had declined from 1.07 hectares in 1980-81 to 0.80 hectare in 2010-11 against 1.25 ha at all

India level and this could be a negative factor in raising the productivity of crops raised in

such marginal size of holding.

Policies, so far, have been diverted towards irrigated agriculture to increase

agricultural production. Now the concern is that the gains from the green revolution areas

have been plateauing out due to many factors and evidences suggest that the productivity

and returns to investment have substantial trickle down benefits for poor not only in irrigated

areas but also those residing in less favored areas. This calls for setting up policy framework

towards robust supporting infrastructure for planning, production, processing, storage,

distribution, marketing and sales of agricultural produce. The major strategic framework to

achieve a higher growth in agriculture and allied sectors would be

To address the productivity improvement so as to bridge the present yield gap

between potential and existing in crop, animal husbandry and fisheries and creation

of adequate marketing infrastructure

Enhancing the water availability for agriculture

Creation of infrastructure to diversify the farm towards high value horticulture and

commercial crops

Supply of quality inputs in time through Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV)

Bringing the fallow lands under cultivation through cost-effective technology transfer

and infrastructure support

Promoting Integrated Farming System on whole district saturation approach

Promoting agri business venture duly with farmer‟s participation

Inviting more Public Investment and through PPP mode in creating agri infrastructure

to act as growth drivers rather than mere hardwares and

Improving Knowledge Transfer to farmers through ICT enabled extension and market

led agriculture

The approaches to achieve the growth applicable to Tamil Nadu have to be location

specific and needs have to be drawn on felt need basis. The formulation of bottom-up plans

would help in identifying the needs and speed up the process of growth as they primarily

address the concern of location specific and need based.

3


National Agricultural Development Program (NADP)

Realizing the urgency of similar problems in many of the states in India, National

Development Council (NDC) resolved that a special Additional Central Assistance Scheme,

named National Agriculture Development Programme (NADP / RKVY) be launched. The

NDC also felt that Agriculture Development strategies must be reoriented to meet the needs

of farmers and called upon the Central and State governments to evolve a strategy to

rejuvenate agriculture with a commitment to achieve at least four per cent growth in the

agricultural sector during the 11th Five Year plan period. To achieve this, formulation of action

plans by means of developing District Agriculture Plans (DAP) is recommended. It is of the

view that such plans would reflect the various felt needs of the farmers and other

stakeholders. Such District Agriculture Plans aim at moving towards projecting the

requirements for development of Agriculture and allied sectors of the district including animal

husbandry, fishery, minor irrigation projects, rural development works, agricultural marketing

schemes, schemes for water harvesting and conservation, etc. keeping in view of the natural

resources and technological possibilities in each district. These plans thus, would present the

vision for Agriculture and allied sectors within the overall development perspective of the

district apart from the financial requirement and the sources of financing the agriculture

development plans in a comprehensive way.

Preparation of District Agriculture Plan for individual district in turn follows the

formulation of State Agriculture Plan (SAP) and then State Agricultural Infrastructural

Development Programme (SAIDP). The State Agriculture Plan integrates multiple

programmes that are in operation in the district and State, including the resources and

activities indicated by the State and combines the resources available from the other

programmes also and the SAIDP highlights the needed infrastructure to achieve a higher

growth trajectory.

District and State Agriculture Plans

As per the recent guidelines issued by the Government of India, District, State

Agriculture Plans and State Agricultural Infrastructure Development Programme will thus

remain as cornerstone of planning and implementation of this scheme during 12th Five Year

Plan period.

4


The guidelines to be followed for preparation of District Agriculture Plans (DAP) are

as follows:

The DAPs are integral to the District Development Plan.

Each District will have a DAP after taking into consideration of resources that would

be available during 12th Plan from other ongoing schemes (both State and Central),

like Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS),

Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY) and Backward Regions Grant Fund

(BRGF), Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP), Accelerated

Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP), Bharat Nirman, etc.

The District Agriculture Plan shall not be the usual aggregation of the existing

schemes but would aim at moving towards projecting the requirements for

development of Agriculture and allied sectors of the district. These plans will present

the vision for Agriculture and allied sectors within the overall development

perspective of the district. DAP‟s would also present their financial requirements in

addition to sources of financing the agriculture development plans in a

comprehensive way. Since achievement of RKVY‟s objectives is sequel to proper

District Planning, these requirements should be adhered to by the State.

The State will have to specify the institutional mechanisms evolved by them for

District Planning and submit a status report at the stage of the Annual Plan exercise.

DAP will also include animal husbandry and fishery development, minor irrigation

projects, rural development works, agricultural marketing schemes and schemes for

water harvesting and conservation, etc. keeping in view of the natural resources and

technological possibilities in each district.

District level Potential Linked Credit plans (PLP) already prepared by the National

Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) and Strategic Research and

Extension Plans (SREP) developed under the Agricultural Technology Management

Agency (ATMA) etc. may also be referred for revision of DAPs. It should also be

ensured that the strategies for convergences with other programmes as well as the

role assigned to the Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRIs) are appropriately incorporated

in DAPs. States may also engage consultants/consulting agencies to revise / update

DAPs and SAP.

Thus each State will also have a comprehensive State Agricultural Plan (SAP) for 12th

Plan by integrating the District Plans. SAP will invariably have to indicate resources

that can flow from the State to the districts.

5


Revision and Updation of DAP and SAP in Tamil Nadu

Tamil Nadu, as one among the States, has also received Central Assistance under

NADP during 11th Plan period and already prepared comprehensive District and State

agriculture plans for 11th Plan. These should be revised and updated appropriately for

implementing RKVY during 12th Plan keeping in view of the modifications proposed for the

plan period and emerging needs of the State.

Revision and updation of SAP could be a two-way process. Firstly, State nodal

department (or Agriculture Department) could get DAPs revised in the first instance to ensure

that priorities of the State are properly covered in the district plans. States should, at this

stage of scrutiny, ensure that requirements of districts and priorities of the State are

appropriately captured and aligned in DAPs. Alternately, State Nodal Agency could

communicate to the districts regarding the State‟s priorities that ought to be reflected in the

respective district plans and then the districts might incorporate these in their updated district

plans.

Preparation / revision of the DAPs is an elaborate, exhaustive and iterative process

and care need to be taken by the State nodal department and district agriculture department

in ensuring that these plans cover the entire gamut of agriculture and allied sectors.

State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program (SAIDP)

Each State thereafter has to prepare SAIDP in a similar manner to that of DAPs and

SAP for identifying shelf of projects for RKVY (Infrastructure and Assets) stream. SAIDP

should ideally be consolidation of requirement of infrastructure identified in DAPs and SAP.

State Planning Department provides revised / updated SAP and SAIDP to

Department of Agriculture (DAC) and Planning Commission as part of State‟s annual State

Plan exercise.

Major Areas of Focus

As per the recent guidelines issued by the Government of India, different

infrastructure has been suggested that could be considered eligible for funding under NADP /

RKVY. This document apart from these infrastructure also identified few infrastructure based

on the felt needs of the stakeholders. The infrastructure and assets covered in the

preparation of SAIDP are shown in Table 1.1.

6


Table 1.1 Infrastructure and Assets Covered in Preparation of SAIDP

Sl. No. Sector Type of Infrastructure

A

Agriculture and

Horticulture

Soil & water conservation activities (Terracing, Gully control measures, Spill ways, Check dams, Spurs,

Diversion drains, Protection walls etc.), Reclamation of problem soils (Acid / Alkali / Saline / Ravine /

Water logged, Nurseries, Tissue culture labs, Community tanks / Farm ponds / on farm water resources

with plastic / RCC lining, Green house / Poly house / Shade net house structures, Sanitary and

phytosanitary infrastructure, INM / IPM infrastructure such as Disease forecasting units, Plant health

clinics, Lead / Tissue analysis labs, Bio-control laboratories, Vermi compost units, Controlled atmosphere

storage, Cold storage / Pre cooling / refrigerated van, cold chain infrastructure, Ripening / Curing

chamber, Primary / Minimal processing units, Terminal / Wholesale / Rural market, Functional

infrastructure for collection, sorting, grading etc., Infrastructure related to Agricultural produce processing

labs for production of bio-control agents, State pesticide residue testing labs, State pesticide testing labs,

Bio-pesticide testing labs, Seed treatment drums & chemicals, Setting up of new soil testing laboratories,

Strengthening of existing soil test laboratories with micro-nutrient testing facilities, Setting up of new

fertilizer quality control laboratories. Strengthening of existing FQCLs, Bio fertilizer production units, Fruit

/ Vegetables waste, Compost production units.

Agriculture Mechanization

Custom hiring centers for Agricultural equipment, Agriculture machines testing centers

Seed

Certification

Seed testing labs, Seed processing facilities, Seed storage godowns including Dehumidified refrigerated

seed storage godowns, Seed certification agencies and Certification infrastructure seed multiplication

farms

Agricultural

Research and

Extension

Research infrastructure, Strengthening of Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) Kisan call centers, ATMA

infrastructure, Knowledge / Technology resource centres

7


Sl. No. Sector Type of Infrastructure

B Animal

Husbandry and

Dairy

Development

Semen collection and Artificial insemination (AI) units / Production center, Breeding farms, Dispensaries /

Hospitals for treatment of animals, Vaccine production unit, Diagnosis labs, including Mobile units,

Animal ambulance, Cold chain for storing and transportation of frozen semen, Tractor fitted with fodder

block machine, Carcass rendering plant to collect the fallen animals for processing / utilization in

scientific manner, Modernization of animal slaughter houses and markets for livestock / livestock

products

Milk collection centres and infrastructure, Purchase of milking machines (single / double bucket), Setting

up of milk chilling / bulk milk cooling centres (BMC) along with automatic milk collection units (AMC),

Setting up / modernization / strengthening of milk processing units, Strengthening / expansion of cold

storage facility for milk and milk products, Purchase of insulated / refrigerated transport vehicles, Setting

up of milk parlor / milk booth, Strengthening of lab facility in milk chilling / milk processing unit,

Establishment of cattle feed storage godown, Establishment / strengthening of cattle feed plant,

Establishment of cattle shed for milch animals, Setting / strengthening of ETP at milk chilling / milk

processing unit

C Fisheries Fish Ponds / Reservoirs, Fish seed hatcheries, Marketing infrastructure, Mobile transport / Refrigerated

vans, Cold storage & Ice plants

D Minor / Micro

Irrigation

Shallow wells & Dug wells, Tube wells (except in dark / grey / critical zone identified by Central Ground

Water Board), Percolation & Minor irrigation tanks, Farm ponds, Drip & Sprinkler irrigation system, Field

channels and Piped water conveyance system

8


Methodology followed for the Preparation of DAP/SAP and SAIDP

The task of preparing such District Agriculture Plans, State Agricultural Plan and

SAIDP is assigned to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. In cooperation with

Scientists from Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Tamil

Nadu Fisheries University (TNFU) and officials from Department of Agriculture, Horticulture,

Agricultural Engineering, Marketing, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, Seed certification,

PWD etc. the major interventions and action plans for each intervention are suggested. In

what follows, the procedure adopted in preparing the plans is outlined.

Collection of Data

The preparation of district level plan involved basically collection of base line and

bench mark details at block and district levels. A template is developed to collect these

particulars from the different districts (31 districts with the exception of Chennai) of

Tamil Nadu. In order to dovetail the ongoing schemes, with the action plans, the current

ongoing agriculture programs were listed and finally converged into the action plans and

detailed project report for each type of intervention has been developed. Secondary data on

district and block profile with respect to rainfall, land use pattern, demography, livestock,

machineries, infrastructure created, constraints in production and marketing of agricultural

and livestock produce, crop/animal production, gaps between expected and actual yield and

reasons for such gaps were collected from various published sources and also from the

respective block level line department officials. A template was also developed to collect the

details from block level.

The list of schemes along with the financial allocation from various sources since

2012-13 was obtained at the blocks and district levels. The block level details were then

consolidated across the line departments to examine the implementation of schemes and the

potentials for further scaling up.

These plans were finalized by holding stakeholder‟s meetings at different stages

starting from village to district level. These district level plans were finally consolidated to

prepare State Agricultural Plan.

For each district one Technical Expert (Retired Professors and JDAs) has been

identified. Besides one TNAU scientist has been identified as district level coordinator and for

each block one scientist has been also identified as block level scientist. These Technical

experts and TNAU scientists assisted in conduct of stakeholders meeting, liaison with line

department officials and finalization of plans at various levels.

9


Sensitization Workshop - District Coordinator’s Meetings

A series of Sensitization Workshops were also conducted at village / block level and

district level. First, many block level interaction meetings with farmers, local representatives,

and other stakeholders of the block were conducted. In these meetings, the local needs and

needed interventions for development of agriculture and allied sectors were enumerated. In

the next level, discussion meetings were conducted with the line department officials. The

objectives of National Agriculture Development Programme, preparation of District

Agriculture Plans, State Agriculture Plan and formulation of specific project proposals were

discussed at length in such meetings. The major interventions, local initiatives and priorities

were discussed with the officials and other stakeholders. The action plans and proposals

were finally developed.

Subsequently, based on the baseline information and proposals, a draft action plan

was prepared for each district and this was presented in the District Collectors Meetings held

in the respective district under the Chairmanship of District Collector. This meeting was

attended by the scientists from TNAU, officials from line departments and the representatives

of local bodies. A wide coverage was given in the media also to ensure better participation.

The feedback received in the District Collectors Meeting was also incorporated before

finalization of the District Agriculture Plan. The recommendations and relevant details based

on Strategic Research Extension Plan and Agriculture Technology Management Agency

have also been considered before finalizing the plan reports viz., SAP and SAIDP.

10


CHAPTER II

Resource Base and Infrastructure

2.1 Land

Land use statistics in general indicate the way in which the land area is put under

various uses. Land as a scarce resource is to be managed effectively. The land use pattern

in the different districts and Tamil Nadu State as a whole are furnished in Tables 2.1 and 2.2

respectively.

The total geographical area in the State is about 13 million hectares. Among the

districts, Erode has the maximum geographical area of 5.77 lakh hectares and Thiruvarur

has the minimum geographical area of 2.10 lakh hectares. The area under forest in Tamil

Nadu is around 21 lakh hectares accounting for 16 per cent of the geographical area. Erode

district has the maximum area (2.27 lakh ha) and Cuddalore has the minimum area under

forest (1,415 ha). Over years, the area under forest had increased very marginally by about

1.01 lakh hectares (1979-80 to 2011-12). This is a good sign. However, it is pointed out that

for a natural / environmental balance to receive good rains there must be 33 per cent of the

geographical area under forest cover. This indicates that afforestation must be taken up on

war-footing. Since, the scope for bringing more area under natural forest cover is limited, the

development efforts must be dovetailed for intensification of green cover in forest area as

well as on hills and hillocks and planting tree crops in shrub-jungles, village wastelands and

farms in almost all the districts in the State.

The area under barren and uncultivable land is around 4.88 lakh hectares in 2005-06

as compared to that of 6.10 lakh hectares in 1979-80. Thus, a reduction of 1.00 lakh hectare

over the period of 25 years could be witnessed. This down-trend is a good sign and might be

due to increase in area under forest, waste land development programme etc. However, still

there exist scopes to reduce the extent of the barren land through wasteland development

efforts. Among the districts, the barren land area is more pronounced in the districts of

Villupuram, Theni, Salem, Dindigul and Nagapattinam. The area under cultivable wastelands

was 3.29 lakh hectares in 2011-12, while it was 3.51 lakh hectares in triennium ending

1979-80. Thus, a very marginal increase of about 0.23 lakh hectare could be observed

during the period under consideration. Among the districts, the maximum area under

culturable waste was found in Karur district, with 66,569 hectares followed by Thoothukudi

(47,963 ha) and Tirunelveli (36,214 ha) districts.

11


Table 2.1 District wise Land Use Classification in Tamil Nadu - 2011-12 (Area in hectares)

Sl. No.

Districts Geographi

cal Area %

Forest Area

%

Barren and

Unculturable Lands

% Land put to Non-Agrl.

Use %

Culturable

Waste %

PP and other Grazing Lands

%

1 Ariyalur 193398 1.48 739 0.03 8523 1.74 32321 1.48 3218 0.98 1291 1.18

2 Chennai 17098 0.13 300 0.01 0 0 16798 0.77 0 0 0 0

3 Coimbatore 472322 3.62 111871 5.26 4793 0.98 75040 3.44 8606 2.61 77 0.07

4 Cuddalore 367781 2.82 1415 0.07 14623 2.99 58792 2.7 5870 1.78 604 0.55

5 Dharmapuri 449777 3.45 164177 7.72 15804 3.23 51479 2.36 2797 0.85 6209 5.67

6 Dindigul 626664 4.81 138923 6.54 36210 7.41 66188 3.04 5842 1.78 6946 6.34

7 Erode 572264 4.39 227511 10.7 6270 1.28 53176 2.44 1731 0.53 101 0.09

8 Kancheepuram 443210 3.4 23856 1.12 10948 2.24 148485 6.81 11488 3.49 18286 16.69

9 Kanyakumari 167200 1.28 54155 2.55 4001 0.82 28488 1.31 83 0.03 104 0.09

10 Karur 289557 2.22 6187 0.29 2815 0.58 37493 1.72 66569 20.23 10801 9.86

11 Krishnagiri 514326 3.95 203964 9.6 23937 4.9 41854 1.92 4468 1.36 7853 7.17

12 Madurai 374173 2.87 48473 2.28 13031 2.67 75410 3.46 14629 4.44 233 0.21

13 Nagapattinam 271583 2.08 4633 0.22 33418 6.84 47727 2.19 2097 0.64 846 0.77

14 Namakkal 336719 2.58 43909 2.07 24539 5.02 38668 1.77 4760 1.45 6664 6.08

15 Perambalur 175739 1.35 16281 0.77 2787 0.57 28493 1.31 5265 1.6 152 0.14

16 Pudukkottai 466329 3.58 23535 1.11 9863 2.02 129856 5.95 9982 3.03 5124 4.68

17 Ramanathapuram 408957 3.14 4488 0.21 4544 0.93 87006 3.99 3942 1.2 154 0.14

18 Salem 520530 3.99 125682 5.91 38198 7.82 61850 2.84 5030 1.53 4200 3.83

19 Sivagangai 418900 3.21 16533 0.78 4710 0.96 122329 5.61 18336 5.57 1367 1.25

20 Thanjavur 339657 2.61 3390 0.16 2149 0.44 81556 3.74 12141 3.69 1218 1.11

21 The Nilgiris 254485 1.95 142577 6.71 3375 0.69 9977 0.46 1719 0.52 5078 4.63

22 Theni 324230 2.49 103718 4.88 43320 8.87 24615 1.13 2864 0.87 315 0.29

23 Thiruvallur 342243 2.63 19736 0.93 13636 2.79 109586 5.03 7568 2.3 8143 7.43

24 Thiruvannamalai 631205 4.84 152810 7.19 20630 4.22 96444 4.42 8689 2.64 2931 2.68

25 Thiruvarur 209709 1.61 2452 0.12 113 0.02 37140 1.7 1150 0.35 786 0.72

26 Thoothukudi 470724 3.61 11012 0.52 19878 4.07 76475 3.51 47963 14.57 5132 4.68

27 Tiruchirapalli 440383 3.38 36773 1.73 12598 2.58 85101 3.9 7255 2.2 659 0.6

28 Tirunelveli 675850 5.19 127758 6.01 29682 6.08 103137 4.73 36214 11 5156 4.71

29 Tirupur 519559 3.99 48168 2.27 2541 0.52 68677 3.15 3926 1.19 126 0.11

30 Vellore 592018 4.54 162286 7.64 20455 4.19 79981 3.67 5766 1.75 4038 3.69

31 Villupuram 722203 5.54 71697 3.37 56651 11.6 136079 6.24 9607 2.92 4170 3.81

32 Virudhunagar 424323 3.26 26466 1.25 4525 0.93 70511 3.23 9542 2.9 804 0.73

State 13033116 100.0 2125475 100.0 488567 100.0 2180732 100.0 329117 100.0 109568 100.0

% to State Total 100

16.2

3.86

16.42

2.83

0.85

12


Source: Tamil Nadu – An Economic Appraisal, 2005-06 and 2011-12 to 2012-13 Evaluation and Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai.

Sl. No

Districts

Land Under Misc. Tree Crops and

Groves

% Current Fallow

% Other Fallow Lands

% Net area

Sown %

Area Sown more than

once %

Gross Cropped

Area %

Cropping intensity

1 Ariyalur 23482 9.3 13414 1.39 8343 0.52 102067 2.05 4345 2.05 106412 2.05

2 Chennai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 - 0 0

3 Coimbatore 3309 1.31 28111 2.91 64438 4.04 176077 3.53 8995 3.53 185072 3.53 105.83

4 Cuddalore 15859 6.28 34431 3.56 18856 1.18 217331 4.36 82359 4.36 299690 4.36 123.77

5 Dharmapuri 2910 1.15 8995 0.93 1666 0.1 195740 3.93 53788 3.93 249528 3.93 120.6

6 Dindigul 7877 3.12 20444 2.11 102487 6.43 241747 4.85 5880 4.85 247627 4.85 103.25

7 Erode 1029 0.41 80931 8.37 18215 1.14 183300 3.68 15574 3.68 198874 3.68 107.88

8 Kancheepuram 12837 5.08 33670 3.48 72768 4.56 110872 2.22 15770 2.22 126642 2.22 125.33

9 Kanyakumari 624 0.25 644 0.07 577 0.04 78524 1.57 9152 1.57 87676 1.57 115.73

10 Karur 1666 0.66 21679 2.24 45886 2.88 96461 1.93 7563 1.93 104024 1.93 102.53

11 Krishnagiri 8639 3.42 24180 2.5 16542 1.04 182889 3.67 25164 3.67 208053 3.67 112.41

12 Madurai 2751 1.09 7603 0.79 77390 4.85 134653 2.7 8674 2.7 143327 2.7 105.05

13 Nagapattinam 6420 2.54 8991 0.93 13586 0.85 153965 3.09 125347 3.09 279312 3.09 162.43

14 Namakkal 3769 1.49 57004 5.89 9292 0.58 148114 2.97 31307 2.97 179421 2.97 116.5

15 Perambalur 1361 0.54 2180 0.23 15501 0.97 103719 2.08 4119 2.08 107838 2.08 107.94

16 Pudukkottai 26895 10.65 10870 1.12 96596 6.06 153608 3.08 5524 3.08 159132 3.08 101.15

17 Ramanathapuram 35528 14.07 40714 4.21 45627 2.86 186954 3.75 0 3.75 186954 3.75 100

18 Salem 2959 1.17 39719 4.11 15445 0.97 227447 4.56 99621 4.56 327068 4.56 115.23

19 Sivagangai 6314 2.5 15994 1.65 114845 7.2 118472 2.38 1506 2.38 119978 2.38 100

20 Thanjavur 4708 1.86 10836 1.12 24171 1.52 199488 4.00 85817 4.00 285305 4.00 125.65

21 The Nilgiris 3820 1.51 9139 0.94 3059 0.19 75741 1.52 3 1.52 75744 1.52 100.09

22 Theni 1224 0.48 6717 0.69 25380 1.59 116077 2.33 14267 2.33 130344 2.33 107.59

23 Thiruvallur 7429 2.94 34800 3.6 35198 2.21 106147 2.13 27001 2.13 133148 2.13 140.86

24 Thiruvannamalai 1856 0.74 123338 12.75 27375 1.72 197132 3.95 49826 3.95 246958 3.95 125.8

25 Thiruvarur 2059 0.82 3561 0.37 8444 0.53 154004 3.09 126138 3.09 280142 3.09 155.13

26 Thoothukudi 37940 15.03 15002 1.55 78699 4.94 178623 3.58 4457 3.58 183080 3.58 104.21

27 Tiruchirapalli 3166 1.25 11120 1.15 118602 7.44 165109 3.31 13100 3.31 178209 3.31 106.73

28 Tirunelveli 8595 3.4 35525 3.67 174125 10.92 155658 3.12 25263 3.12 180921 3.12 120.45

29 Tirupur 1883 0.75 91152 9.42 107985 6.77 195101 3.91 4817 3.91 199918 3.91

30 Vellore 3061 1.21 68613 7.09 73132 4.59 174696 3.5 21540 3.5 196236 3.5 113.31

31 Villupuram 6305 2.5 91096 9.42 14378 0.9 332220 6.66 22861 6.66 355081 6.66 117.74

32 Virudhunagar 6193 2.45 16664 1.72 165697 10.39 123921 2.49 4037 2.49 127958 2.49 104.17

State 252468 100.0 967137 100.0 1594305 100.0 4985857 100.0 903815 100.0 5889672 100.0 115.04

% to State Total 2.11 5.83 11.65 40.26 6.06 - -

13


Table 2.2 Land Utilization Pattern in Tamil Nadu State

(Area in lakh hectares)

Sl. No.

Classification

Average area TE

1979-1980

Average area TE

2005-2006

Average area TE

2011-2012

Area % Area % Area %

1. Forests 20.25 15.58 21.18 16.27 21.26 16.31

2. Barren and Uncultivable land 6.10 4.69 5.07 3.89 4.89 3.75

3. Land put to non-agri uses 16.82 12.94 21.26 16.33 21.78 16.71

4. Cultivable waste 3.51 2.70 3.74 2.87 3.29 2.52

5. Permanent pastures and other grazing lands

1.65 1.27 1.12 0.85 1.10 0.84

6. Land under missed crop and groves not included net area sown

1.95 1.50 2.82 2.16 2.52 1.93

7. Current fallow 12.57 9.67 8.03 6.16 10.33 7.93

8. Other fallow lands 4.56 3.50 16.95 13.01 15.72 12.06

9. Net area sown 62.56 48.15 50.10 38.49 49.44 37.93

10. Total geographical area 130.01 100.00 130.15 100.00 130.33 100.00

11. Area sown more than once 13.52 - 7.51 - 7.94 -

12. Gross cropped area (9+11) 76.11 - 51.45 - 57.38 -

13. Cropping intensity (129) 121.60 - 114.67 - 116.00 -

Source: Tamil Nadu – An Economic Appraisal, 2005-06 and 2011-12 to 2012-13 Evaluation and Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai. TE: Triennium

Other fallow lands, which are also otherwise considered as wastelands have shown

an alarming uptrend. While it was 4.56 lakh hectares in TE 1979-80, the same was 16 lakh

hectares in 2011-12. This upsurge is a serious concern that needs immediate attention of the

policy makers and planners. The districts of Tirunelveli, Virudhunagar, Sivagangai and

Tiruppur had more than 1.0 lakh ha under other fallow lands. The area under current fallows

was quite high in TE 1979 with 12.57 lakh hectares and it had reduced by about 2.24 lakh

hectares to 10.33 hectares in TE 2011-12. This is a good sign of development and might be

due to tapping more of ground water and stabilization of ayacuts under irrigation systems in

some areas. Further, reduction of current fallows is quite possible by the modernization of

irrigation systems and adoption of water harvesting techniques, in addition to other moisture

conservation measures. Erode, Villupuram, Coimbatore, Thiruvannamalai, Ramanathapuram

and Thoothukudi districts had sizeable area under current fallows.

14


The net sown area had reduced considerably from 62.56 lakh hectares in TE 1979-80

to 49.44 lakh hectares in TE 2011-12. This is rather a disturbing trend and might be due to

factors like marked increase in lands put into non-agricultural uses, rapid industrialization and

urbanization. The districts of Coimbatore, Erode and Villupuram had more than 3.00 lakh ha.

of net sown area and it was the lowest in Kanyakumari district with 0.78 lakh ha.

Area sown more than once had shown a drastic down-trend over the periods under

consideration. This is rather an astonishing fact and quite contradictory to the normal

expectations. Inspite of modernization of existing irrigation systems and more tapping of

ground water, the steep fall in area sown more than once during the planned period so far, is

a serious issue that needs an indepth analysis. There exist scope to arrest this down-trend

and to either increase or atleast stabilize the area sown more than once through

rehabilitation of the existing irrigation systems and structures and energization of pumpsets

and motors at a faster rate through pumping more of public investments. The districts of

Nagapattinam, Thiruvarur and Thanjavur had sizable area under area sown more than once

and this might be due to the Cauvery ayacut. Thiruvannamalai, Villupuram, Cuddalore and

Kancheepuram districts also had sizeable area under area sown more than once.

The cropping intensity for the State as a whole, as could be visualized, had

decreased from 121.60 per cent in TE 1979-80 to TE 2005-06 114.67 per cent and 116.00

per cent in 2011-12. This down-trend must be reversed and augmented to keep agriculture

growing at a faster rate.

The district of Nagapattinam had the maximum cropping intensity of 162.43 per cent

followed by Thiruvarur (155.13 per cent) and Thiruvallur (140.86 per cent) districts. The

cropping intensity was around 125 per cent in the districts of Kancheepuram,

Thiruvannamalai and Thanjavur. It was around 120 per cent in Cuddalore, Dharmapuri and

Tirunelveli districts. The remaining districts had the intensity of less than 120 per cent with

the exception of Ramanathapuram, Sivagangai and the Nilgiris districts. Therefore,

concerted efforts in increasing the area sown more than once, must be bestowed in the

districts of Ramanathapuram, Sivagangai, The Nilgiris, Pudukkottai, Karur, Perambalur,

Coimbatore, Tiruchirapalli, Erode, Dindigul, Theni, Madurai, Thoothukudi etc.,

Thus the preceding discussion on the land use pattern of Tamil Nadu State clearly

showed that there exist scopes for

15


1. Arresting the down-trend in the net sown area and its stabilization

2. Putting into use the area under current fallows and cultivable waste

3. Developing the wastelands like barren and uncultivable land as well as other fallow

lands

4. Intensive fodder development activities under permanent pasture to augment its

economic utility and

5. Regulations of preventing diversion of lands to non-agricultural use.

2.2 Operational Holdings

Operational holdings often determine agricultural production and productivity. The

operational holdings as per Agricultural census are furnished in Table 2.3. The results of

successive agricultural census confirmed the growing imbalance and asymmetry in the

distribution of size of holdings. The number of marginal farmers in the State had increased

from 71.34 per cent of the total holdings operated in 1985-86 to 77.19 per cent of total

holdings operated in 2010-11. However, the marginal farmers have operated only 25.88 and

35.33 per cent of total area in 1985-86 and 2010-11 respectively. Semi-medium, medium and

large farmers accounted for a small proportion of 14.55 per cent of holdings and they have

operated a higher proportion of 25.33 per cent of total area in 2010-11.

Thus the number of marginal farmers has been increasing over years which imply

that the process of marginalization of farmers is continuing and they tend to subsist on low

income levels.

16


Table 2.3 Operational Holdings as per Agricultural Census

(Area in hectares)

Sl. No.

Category 1985-86 1990-91 1995-96 2005-06 2010-11

No Area No Area No Area No Area No Area

1 Marginal 5497735

(71.34)

2017615

(25.88)

5848096

(73.11)

2117826

(28.34)

5951104

(74.28)

2210341

(30.27)

6227705

(76.01)

2286370

(33.51)

6266372

(77.19)

2292031

(35.33)

2 Small 1260306

(16.35)

1771545

(22.72)

1274515

(15.93)

1794471

(24.01)

1233836

(15.40)

1721286

(23.57)

1234054

(15.06)

1720819

(25.22)

1181797

(14.55)

1643841

(25.33)

3 Semi-

Medium

648822

(8.42)

1778376

(22.81)

617605

(7.72)

1686514

(22.57)

600833

(7.50)

1622811

(22.22)

542025

(6.62)

1467697

(21.51)

502332

(6.19)

1355476

(20.89)

4 Medium 260645

(3.38)

1507987

(19.34)

227594

(2.85)

1301124

(17.41)

199791

(2.49)

1134853

(15.54)

169599

(2.07)

957721

(14.03)

150570

(1.85)

847372

(13.06)

5 Large 39215

(0.51)

720418

(9.24)

31122

(0.39)

573742

(7.68)

26268

(0.33)

613910

(8.41)

19590

(0.24)

391339

(5.73)

17365

(0.22)

349517

(5.39)

Total 7706723

(100.00)

7795941

(100.00)

7998932

(100.00)

7473577

(100.00)

8011832

(100.00)

7303201

(100.00)

8192973

(100.00)

6823946

(100.00)

8118436

(100.00)

6488237

(100.00)

Figures in parenthesis indicate percentage to total

Note: Marginal- Below 1 ha, Small - 1.0 to 2.0 ha, Semi-Medium - 2.0 to 4.0 ha, Medium - 4.0 to 10.0 ha and Large - 10.0 ha and above

Source: Tamil Nadu and Economic Appraisal 2005-06 and 2011-12 to 2013-14 Evaluation and Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai.

17


2.3 Size of Holdings

The distribution of size of holdings in Tamil Nadu is furnished in Table 2.4. It could be

seen from the table that the average size of marginal holdings had declined from 0.41 ha in

1976-77 to 0.37 ha in 2000-01 and 0.37 ha in 2010-11. However, there had been no marked

differences in the size of small, semi-medium and medium holdings over years. The size of

large holdings had increased from 17.28 hectares in 1976-77 to 19.48 hectares in

2000-01 and 20.13 hectares in 2010-11. Thus the average size of holdings in Tamil Nadu

State had decreased from 1.25 ha in 1976-77 to 0.89 ha in 2000-01 and 0.80 ha in 2010-11.

Table 2.4 Size of Holdings in Tamil Nadu State

(Area in hectares)

Sl. No.

Categories 1976-77 1979-80 1985-86 1990-91 1995-96 2000-01 2005-06 2010-11

1. Marginal 0.41 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.38 0.37 0.37 0.37

2. Small 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.40 1.39 1.39 1.39

3. Semi-medium 2.75 2.76 2.74 2.73 2.73 2.72 2.71 2.70

4. Medium 5.77 5.78 5.78 5.72 5.60 5.68 5.65 5.63

5. Large 17.28 17.96 18.78 18.44 21.68 19.48 19.98 20.13

Average 1.25 1.07 1.01 0.93 0.95 0.89 0.83 0.80

Source: Tamil Nadu – An Economic Appraisal, 2005-06 and 2011-12 to 2013-14, Evaluation and Applied Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai.

2.4. Water

All river systems of the State flow eastward from the Western Ghats and are rainfed.

Palar, Pennaiyar and Cheyyar are the three important river systems in the North. None is

perennial. Cutting across the centre of the state is the Cauvery fed by both the monsoons; it is

practically perennial, although in recent years, this has become drier mainly to the impounding

of water in the dams of Karnataka. Yet, along with its tributaries viz., Bhavani and Amaravathi,

it is the most important source of canal irrigation. South of Cauvery is three important rivers,

namely Vaippar, Vaigai and Tamiravaruni. Of these, Tamiravaruni is perennial and a source of

canal irrigation. Besides these, there are several other smaller and less important rivers in the

State. The rivers naturally, graded almost to their heads with only slight interruptions of profiles

when they pass through the Eastern Ghats. Though these rivers are not long, the deltas

present extremely distinctive features and the power and irrigation developments are

outstanding.

18


Tamil Nadu with 7.0 per cent of population in the country is endowed with only 3.0

per cent of the water resources of India. The State‟s water resources are dependent on rainfall.

The Tamil Nadu Water Policy, 1994 was formulated based on the National Water Policy, 1987.

Taking into account of the National Water Policy, 2002, the State Water Policy has been

redrafted emphasizing the need for utmost efficiency in water utilization and public awareness of

the importance of its conservation.

2.4.1 Irrigation Potential

The total water potential of the State including groundwater is 46,540 million cubic

meters (MCM). The total surface water potential of the State is 24,160 MCM, including the

contribution from neighbouring states of Andhra, Karnataka and Kerala. Of the total water

potential, the surface water potential of about 2.4 million hectares has almost been fully

(more than 95 per cent) tapped since the late sixties. Ground water is, therefore, the only

alternative source available for further development.

The change in availability of ground water in Tamil Nadu is furnished in Table 2.5.

Table 2.5 Change in Availability of Groundwater in Tamil Nadu

Sl. No.

Years of Assessment

Category of blocks

Total Safe blocks

Semi critical blocks

Critical blocks

Over exploited

blocks Saline

1. 1987 251

(66.40) 86

(22.75) 41

(10.84) - - 378

2. 1992 209

(54.42) 86

(22.39) 89

(23.17) - - 384

3. 1998 137

(35.5) 70

(18.18) 35

(9.09) 135

(35.06) 8

(2.07) 385

4. 2003 97

(25.20)

105

(27.27)

37

(9.61)

138

(35.84)

8

(2.08) 385

5. 2011 136

(35.23)

67 (17.35)

33 (8.54)

139 (36.01)

11 (2.84)

386

Source: Report on Dynamo Ground Water Resources of Tamil Nadu as on Tamil Nadu, State and Ground water Year book on 2011-12.

The ground water potential for future development has been estimated at 3142.27

MCM as of January 2003. This balance potential is mostly distributed in 236 blocks

compressing safe, semi- critical and critical categories. The ground water availability is found

to be in safe condition only in 136 blocks (35.23 per cent) of Tamil Nadu State.

19


2.4.2 Sources of Irrigation

The major irrigation sources of the State are canals, tanks and wells. The per capita

availability of water in the State stood at 900 cubic meters only as against the All – India level

of 2200 cubic meters. The sources of irrigation and percentage of net and gross area

irrigated are indicated in Table 2.6.

It could be seen that the percentage of canal area irrigated has come down from

42.00 in 1950-51 to 25.17 in 2011-12. Similarly, the percentage of area irrigated by tanks

declined from 30.00 in 1950-51 to 17.81 in 2011-12. On the contrary, wells have shown a

constant rise from 24.00 per cent in 1950-51 to 56.78 per cent in 2011-12. The other sources

of irrigation had shown a constant declining trend. The percentage of net area irrigated to net

area sown had shown an upward trend with a fall in 1990-91, 2005-06 and 2011-12. The

same phenomenon was observed in the case of gross area irrigated to total gross area. The

net area irrigated and gross area irrigated had improved by 33.97 and 35.19 per cent

respectively during 2005-06 and 2011-12. The area under canal, tank and well irrigation had

witnessed an upward shift between 2005-06 and 2011-12.

The district wise area irrigated over years is furnished in Table 2.7. The net area

irrigated was more pronounced in the districts of Villupuram, Coimbatore, Thanjavur, Erode,

Thiruvannamalai, Cuddalore and Thiruvarur in that order in 2011-12. Area irrigated more

than once was found to be more in the districts of Thiruvannamalai, Villupuram, Thiruvallur,

Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Cuddalore and Erode in that order. The gross area irrigated in

2011-12 ranged from 36,495 hectares in Kanyakumari district to 2, 53,389 hectares in

Villupuram district.

20


Table 2.6 Source-wise Net Area Irrigated and Percentage to Total Irrigated Area

(in lakh hectares)

Sources of Irrigation 1950-51 1960-61 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-2001 2005-06 2011-12

Canal 7.88

(42.00)

8.82

(36.0)

8.84

(34.0)

8.89

(35.0)

7.69

(32.4)

8.33

(28.8)

8.00

(27.4)

7.46

(25.17)

Tanks 5.65

(30.00)

9.36

(38.0)

8.98

(35.0)

5.90

(22.0)

5.31

(22.3)

5.88

(20.4)

5.75

(19.7)

5.28

(17.81)

Wells 4.26

(24.0)

5.98

(24.0)

7.75

(30.0)

10.67

(42.0)

10.59

(44.6)

14.49

(50.2)

15.36

(52.6)

16.83

(56.78)

Other sources 0.76

(4.0)

0.46

(2.0)

0.35

(1.0%)

0.24

(1.0)

0.14

(0.7)

0.16

(0.6)

0.72

(0.3)

0.07

(0.24)

Total 18.55 24.62 25.92 25.70 23.73 28.87 36.33 29.64

% of net area irrigated to net area sown

36.00 41.10 42.00 48.00 42.50 54.10 40.3 59.46

Gross area irrigated 21.89 32.35 34.10 32.94 28.94 34.90 33.97 35.19

% of gross area irrigate to total gross area sown

37.10 44.20 46.20 50.90 43.60 55.10 46.3 59.75

Figures in parenthesis indicate per cent to total

Source: Tamil Nadu – An Economic Appraisal, 2005-06 and 2011-12 to 2012-13 Evaluation and Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai.

21


Table 2.7 District – wise Details of Net Area and Gross Area Irrigated in Tamil Nadu (in hectares)

Sl. No.

District Net Area Irrigated Area irrigated more than once Gross Area Irrigated

2004-05 2005-06 2011-12 2004-05 2005-06 2011-12 2004-05 2005-06 2011-12

1 Ariyalur - - 35590 - - 3664 - - 39254

2 Coimbatore 160261 170511 114399 13313 10960 3142 181471 181471 117541

3 Cuddalore 146355 155013 148549 28503 25779 31796 180792 180792 180345

4 Dharmapuri 51447 66690 83206 5814 11691 38684 78381 78381 121890

5 Dindigul 92955 104672 120894 4502 7156 4551 112071 112071 125445

6 Erode 149713 161217 126169 28668 23687 15217 184904 184904 141386

7 Kancheepuram 105478 120700 101052 32884 32605 13948 153305 153305 115000

8 Kanyakumari 27972 27694 28106 6935 10945 8389 38885 38885 36495

9 Karur 42880 54709 60478 2046 2681 6680 57390 57390 67158

10 Krishnagiri 44075 49002 52120 4367 9248 7997 58250 58250 60117

11 Madurai 77206 92245 88555 1141 8284 8341 99408 99408 96896

12 Nagapattinam 118174 125014 123108 21834 27925 41075 152127 152127 164183

13 Namakkal 47420 74318 75200 13739 13828 19160 88146 88146 94360

14 Nilgiris 736 750 383 - - - 750 750 383

15 Perambalur 63987 66855 33728 12049 9726 3881 - - 37609

16 Pudukkottai 102713 109827 116037 1242 1486 4735 111182 111182 120772

17 Ramanathapuram 72718 68547 66896 - - - 68547 68547 66896

18 Salem 80199 97973 116985 17556 21707 51830 119680 119680 168815

19 Sivagangai 83160 88999 89788 - - 127 88999 88999 89915

20 Thanjavur 160889 165679 174746 25570 35814 67613 193670 193670 242359

21 Theni 52657 55718 64354 6029 8009 13942 63630 63630 78296

22 Tiruchirapalli 91549 110054 98523 12243 11798 9866 121852 121852 108389

23 Tirunelveli 110389 111132 117485 10454 25541 23662 139778 139778 141147

24 Thiruvallur 83954 92498 85744 19839 37138 26086 129636 129636 111830

25 Thiruvannamalai 144156 160639 148528 44325 58511 46912 219150 219150 195440

26 Thiruvarur 141206 147564 148602 10568 15320 57590 165362 165362 206192

27 Thoothukudi 40038 39674 40618 1555 1131 3793 46331 46331 44411

28 Tirupur - - 122959 - - 4165 - - 127124

29 Vellore 70294 103345 90501 26814 21983 16272 125328 125328 106773

30 Villupuram 222021 243141 235645 41021 38044 17744 281185 281185 253389

31 Virudhunagar 52596 55365 55079 5390 5118 3933 59909 59909 59012

Total 2147673 2637198 2964027 330885 449910 554795 2478558 3087108 3518822

Source: Tamil Nadu – An Economic Appraisal, 2005-06 and 2011-12 to2012-13 Evaluation and Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai.

22


2.4.3 Irrigation Intensity

The district wise details of net area and gross area irrigated along with the irrigation

intensity for the period from 2003-04 to 2011-12 are furnished in Table 2.8. It could be seen

that the irrigation intensity at the state level varied from 115.41 per cent in 2003-04 to

118.72 per cent in 2011-12. The irrigation intensity was found to be higher than the State

level in the districts of Kancheepuram, Thiruvarur, Cuddalore, Vellore, Thiruvannamalai,

Salem, Namakkal, Dharmapuri, Krishnagiri, Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Tirunelveli and

Kanyakumari in 2011-12. Further, there had been increase in the irrigation intensity

continuously from 2003-04 to 2011-12, only in the districts of Salem, Dharmapuri and Karur.

Table 2.8 District wise Irrigation Intensity

Sl. No. District Irrigation Intensity (in percentage)

2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2011-12

1 Ariyalur N.A N.A N.A 110.3

2 Coimbatore 104.76 108.31 106.43 102.75

3 Cuddalore 118.29 119.48 116.63 121.4

4 Dharmapuri 105.06 111.3 117.53 146.49

5 Dindigul 106.49 107.7 107.07 103.76

6 Erode 105.47 119.15 114.69 112.06

7 Kancheepuram 129.25 131.18 127.01 113.8

8 Kanyakumari 125.83 139.13 140.41 129.85

9 Karur 103.74 104.77 104.9 111.05

10 Krishnagiri 115.01 109.91 118.87 115.34

11 Madurai 102.35 110.73 107.77 109.42

12 Nagapattinam 120.88 123.63 121.69 133.37

13 Namakkal 121.24 128.97 118.61 125.48

14 Nilgiris 100 100 100 100

15 Perambalur 115.53 118.83 114.55 111.51

16 Pudukkottai 101.5 101.45 101.23 104.08

17 Ramanathapuram 100 100 100 100

18 Salem 118.37 121.89 122.16 144.3

19 Sivagangai 100 100 100 100.14

20 Thanjavur 120.14 122.26 116.89 138.69

21 Theni 112.06 115.21 114.2 121.66

22 Tiruchirapalli 113.15 113.37 110.72 110.01

23 Tirunelveli 112.22 123.14 125.78 120.14

24 Thiruvallur 124.34 123.63 140.15 130.42

25 Thiruvannamalai 143.29 130.75 136.42 117.98

26 Thiruvarur 108.94 110.85 112.06 138.75

27 Thoothukudi 104.19 102.82 116.78 109.34

28 Tiruppur N.A N.A N.A 103.39

29 Vellore 119.49 138.15 121.27 107.53

30 Villupuram 133.87 118.48 115.65 121.4

31 Virudhunagar 109.84 109.73 108.21 107.14

Total 115.41 117.06 116.34 118.72

Source: Tamil Nadu – An Economic Appraisal – 2005-06 and 2011-12 to2012-13 Evaluation and Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu Chennai.

23


Following are the infrastructure identified to meet out the various challenges emerging from

land and water resource management

Excavation of Prosopis (Karuvelam trees which are pollutants) in ooranies, in order

to reclaim the land for agricultural purposes.

Implementation of watershed projects which would improve groundwater recharge

and increase the irrigation potential.

Construction of series of check dams across rivers and Panchayat water bodies,

which would enhance irrigation facilities and increase cropping intensity, stop drying

of wells on account of groundwater recharge and solve drinking water problems of

adjacent villages.

Rehabilitation, modernization, renovation and desilting of ooranies, anaicuts and

reservoirs, water harnessing bodies and tanks and improve/restore/concretize canals

and lining of channels which would bring additional command area under irrigation,

upto tail-end areas.

Lining the bed and sides of canals as also construction of grade walls, in order to

improve the irrigation potential and arrest seepage.

Laying pipelines which would arrest water loss and benefit target areas.

Restoration and rejuvenation of water bodies / anaicuts and improvements to sluices

in the river systems for better conveyance efficiency.

Strengthening of the supply channels to water bodies, etc.

Provision of lift irrigation in water starved areas/farm ponds which would aid in

transforming the agricultural practices.

Desalination by water implementing agencies like TWAD Board would help reduce

salinity of water and facilitate potable water; both for agricultural and drinking

purposes.

Augment groundwater resources with groundwater recharge shaft where depletion of

water is faster.

Permanent restoration and flood protection works to the surplus water courses.

Construction of grade wall across rivers which would stagnate the water for greater

depths. Due to impounding of water upto influence point, water table in the open

wells and bore wells would rise.

Construction of barrages across rivers, which apart from facilitating generation of

electricity, would also recharge tanks and wells to considerable extent.

24


Construction of community wells in semi-critical, critical and over-exploited blocks as

against wells dug by individuals.

Flood protection works in order to save standing crop and alleviate the distress of

farmers in hamlets around.

2.5 Crop Production – The Gaps

Given the above resources and their limitations, and considering the population

growth, the crop production in the State needs to achieve a higher production level. During

the beginning of the 12th Five Year Plan, targets were set in terms of area coverage and

production to be achieved by realizing a required rate of productivity levels for each crop.

The targets set for the 12th Plan (2012-17) and the gaps in percentage terms are furnished

in Table 2.9.

Table 2.9 Five Year Plan (12th Plan) Target and Gaps

Crop

12th Plan Target Gaps (2011-12 and 12th Plan target)

in %

A P Y A P Y

Paddy 22.00 100.01 4546 15.55 34.08 16.03

Millets 15.00 60.00 4000 135.11 158.18 9.80

Pulses 12.00 10.00 834 79.91 171.00 50.54

Total Food Grains 49.00 170.00 3469 52.70 67.45 9.64

Cotton 1.65 5.36 552 21.32 40.31 14.76

Sugarcane 3.73 54.50 14600** 7.80 36.25 29.20

Oilseeds 7.21 16.74 2322 60.58 50.27 @

Fruits 4.42 139.05* 31.46* 54.01 136.60 53.61

Vegetables 3.79 145.36* 33.92* 49.21 109.85 24.48

Spices 2.30 17.48* 7.60* 39.39 73.93 24.39

Plantation Crops 3.67 19.19* 5.23* 43.92 82.76 26.94

Flowers 0.42 5.18* 12.33* 61.54 89.05 19.13

Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

0.16 1.05* 6.56* 14.29 @ @

A - Area: (lakh. ha.), P – Production: (lakh. MT) Y - Productivity: (Kg/ha) # in lakh bales of 170 kgs of lint each, *(in MT/ha) ** (Sugarcane in terms of gur) @- The required production and productivity have been achieved

It could be seen from the table that the 12th Plan also envisaged to achieve more

area coverage under each crop. Parallely, the productivity to be achieved in the above plan

has also been scaled up. For instance, about 50 per cent increase in pulses and fruits; 25

per cent increase in sugarcane, vegetables, spices and plantation crops; 14-19 per cent

25


increase in paddy, cotton and flowers, and less than 10 per cent in millets and total food

grains are to be achieved through productivity increase.

This delivers a direct message to the researchers and extension functionaries that

the State has no option except to increase the productivity of crop thus making the

production level comfortable without having much scope to increase the area coverage in

the respective crops.

2.6 Agricultural Inputs - Seeds

Among the major inputs, production and supply of quality seeds is the most

important one. The improved seeds have more genetic vigor for high yield potential and the

fertilizers and the balanced nutrient management trigger the potentials for increasing the

yield levels. Therefore, the timely and adequate availability of seeds along with other inputs

like fertilizers and pesticides are the essentials to keep agriculture growing. The details of

the quantities of seeds distributed from 2002-03 to 2011-12 are presented in Table 2.10.

Table 2.10 Distribution of improved Seeds by Crops (in tonnes)

Sl. No.

Crops 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2011-12

I. FOOD GRAINS

a. Paddy 15483 12985 10738 16681 75250

b. Millet 363 351 363 489 6693

c. Pulses 941 1273 1340 1424 4800

Total (I) 16787 14609 12441 18594 86743

II. NON – FOOD GRAINS

a. Oilseeds 4269 3127 3261 4171 12092

b. Cotton 124 163 154 235 555

Total (II) 4393 3290 3415 4406 12647

Grand Total

(I + II)

21180 17899 15856 23000 99390

Source: Tamil Nadu an Economic Appraisal – 2005-06 and 2011-12 to 2013-14 Evaluation and Applied Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai.

It could be seen from the table that 75,250 tonnes of paddy seeds were distributed to

the farmers during 2011-12 and it was fairly higher than that distributed in the previous three

years. About 6690 tonnes of millets were distributed in 2011-12 and it is the maximum as

compared to earlier years. Further, 4,800 tonnes of pulses were distributed to the farmers in

26


2011-12 and it was higher as compared to earlier three years. Thus, a total of 86,743 tonnes

of food grain seeds were distributed to the farmers in 2011-12 and it was higher than that of

previous three years. As regards, non-food grains, oilseeds and cotton seeds were

distributed to the tune of 12,647 tonnes of which oilseeds accounted for 12,092 tonnes and

cotton accounted for 555 tonnes. The production as well as distribution of seeds was almost

on par, with minor variations in all the five years under question. The minor variations in the

quantities of seeds produced and distributed among the five years, might be mainly due to

the variations in the behaviour of the monsoons.

Perusal of the details on seed replacement rates achieved in 2003-04 and

2012-13 are given in Table 2.11 indicate that the targets in paddy, varietal cholam, ragi,

pulses and oilseeds could not be achieved.

Table 2.11 Seed Replacement by Crops - Percentage to Total Cropped Area

S.No Crop 2003-04 2012-13

A. FOOD CROPS

1. Paddy 13.00 76.00

2. Varietal cholam 1.50 51.00

3. Cumbu 7.49 94.00

4. Ragi 10.57 55.00

5. Maize 2.40 99.00

6. Pulses 8.60 46.00

B. NON-FOOD CROPS

1. Oilseeds

a. Groundnut 9.00 6.60

b. Gingelly 12.00 47.00

c. Sunflower 5.00 36.50

d. Castor 15.00 (Irri) 69.00

2. Cotton 10.00 (RF) 100 (BT)

Source: Statistical Handbook of Tamil Nadu, (various issues)

The shortfalls indicate the need for increasing seed production particularly in State

seed farms. Moreover, in the recent years, the farmers buying behaviour with reference to

seeds have changed towards the use of more and more purchased seeds. This trend again

reinforces the need for production and distribution of more quality seeds each year. Creation

of adequate seed processing and storage godowns to ensure supply of certified seeds in

right quantity at the appropriate time to the farmers to avoid crop loss, and godowns

(depots) for fertilizer, pesticide and bio-fertilizer would ensure better distribution of inputs to

farmers.

27


2.7 Mechanization

Farm Mechanization has been an important element of modernization of agriculture.

Productivity of the farm depends considerably on the availability of farm power coupled with

efficient farm implements and their judicious utilization. Agricultural equipments enable

efficient utilization of various inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, plant protection chemicals and

water for irrigation in addition to alleviation of drudgery associated with various farm

operations and making farming an attractive enterprise.

Availability of adequate farm power is very crucial for timely farm operations for

increasing production and productivity. There has been close correlation between farm

power availability and productivity. Productivity of the farm depends considerably on the

availability of farm power coupled with efficient farm implements and their judicious

utilization. The power productivity relationship shows that those States having higher farm

power availability/ha have higher productivity. It is reported that the additional requirement of

food grains in future will be met, to a great extent, where in the demand for tractors, power

tillers and other machinery will continue to increase in future also.

The farm power availability during the year 2007-08 was 1.23 kW / Ha. Currently, the

farm power availability in Tamil Nadu is 1.83 kW / ha against the requirement of

2.00 kW / ha. Farm mechanization has been helpful to bring about significant improvement

in agricultural productivity. Thus there is strong need for mechanization of agricultural

operations.

It is inevitable to use machinery and multiple use attachments to tractors, for

compensating the non-availability of labour during peak seasons, and do the cultivation

practices in time.

The demonstration of Self-propelled Paddy transplanter, Rotavator, Disc plough,

Offset disc harrow, Sub-soiler, Post hole digger, attracted the farmers and received well by

the farming community due to less labour Intensive operations and cost of cultivation. The

planting and harvesting are “season” oriented, time bound and the demand of labour during

“Peak agricultural seasons” will be more and farmers are finding it difficult to cope up with

the situations. Further the Zero till seed drill, Raised bed Planter, Rotavator, Paddy

transplanter, Rice tray nursery preparation machine, laser leveler, sugarcane machinery and

turmeric harvester are also to be popularized in Tamil Nadu among the farming community

and make them purchase to use in the farming operations.

28


The mechanization thus ensures reduction of drudgery associated with various farm

operations as also to economize the utilization of inputs and thereby harnessing the

potential of available resources. The priorities for mechanization are decided as per the

actual requirement of various agro-climatic zones and involve land preparation equipment

and crop production techniques for cereal crops, cash crops, oil seeds, pulses, horticultural

crops etc.

The constraints in the promotion of mechanization include the varied requirement of

equipments for each agro-climate zone, small and fragmented land holdings, low investment

capacity of the farmers, inadequate irrigation facilities, know how status of the farmers,

repairs and maintenance facilities etc.

Tractors sales in Tamil Nadu along with the states like Maharashtra, Karnataka and

Andhra Pradesh have been showing consistent growth since mid 2004-2007. The details of

agricultural machinery and implements in Tamil Nadu State are furnished in Table 2.12.

Table 2.12 Details of Agricultural Machinery and Implements

(in Numbers)

Sl. No.

Item 2004 2007

1 Ploughs a)Wooden b) Iron Total

755183 330147

1085330

321598 239653 561251

2 Bullock Carts 155857 88784

3 Sugarcane Crushers a) Worked by Power b) Worked by Bullocks

1407 6550 7957

4293 - -

4 Tractors (Crawlers Tractors, Hand Tractors and Four wheeled Tractors)

69391 -

5 Oil Engines (Used for Irrigation and other Agricultural purposes)

237031 -

6 Oil Ghanis 1794 2906

7 Plant Production Equipments a) Sprayer – dusters operated manually b) Sprayers – duster by Power c) Sprayers – dusters operated by Tractor

124241 79172 42685 2384

-

Source: 17

th Livestock Census – 2004 and 18

th Livestock Census – 2007.

Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services, Chennai-6.

Statistical Handbook of Tamil Nadu – 2008, Special Commissioner and Director, Department Of Economics and Statistics, Chennai-6.

29


The use of other farm equipments has also increased tremendously. Farmers have

understood the role of farm machinery and implements in augmenting the agricultural

productivity. However, providing efficient and improved implements to the farmers is the

need of the time. In order to achieve the maximum returns, these modern gadgets need to

be designed and developed efficiently and tested thoroughly to ascertain their field

performance before they reach the farmers. The Government is giving subsidy to farm

machines which are tested at the five farm machinery training and testing institutes

established by Govt. of India at Budni, Hisar, Anatapur, Biswanath and Chariali. But it is not

possible for the institutes to test all the tractors and farm machines in short duration with the

result the manufactures have to wait for longer duration to get their machines tested by the

above said institutes.

The establishment of testing facility to farm machinery will help in testing of more

agricultural equipment that are favorable for the State of Tamil Nadu and other parts of the

country.

2.8 Agricultural Marketing

The entire thrust and efficiency of Agriculture sector is dependent on marketing

support that minimizes the farmer‟s risk and facilitates in getting assured and fair returns.

An efficient marketing system holds the key to the success of diversification of agricultural

production. Market intelligence has a vital role to play. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

has a market intelligence unit which provides vital information to framers on marketing.

At present 21 market committees are functioning in Tamil Nadu at the district level.

Under these market committees, 273 regulated markets, 15 check posts, 108 rural godowns

and 108 grading centers are functioning. Nearly 42 agricultural commodities, viz., cereals,

oilseeds, pulses, cotton, turmeric etc. were notified. The total value of agricultural produce

transacted through agricultural marketing cooperatives had improved and more than

doubled from Rs. 307.25 crores in 2004-05 to Rs. 674.26 crores in 2005-06. In 2012-13,

with the exception of food grains, the value of transaction has increased in all the crops. The

details are furnished in Table 2.13.

30


Table 2.13 Value of Agricultural Produce sold by Marketing Co-operatives

(₹ in crores)

S.No Crops 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2012-13

1 Food grains 38.73 35.97 32.60 20.14

2 Cotton 90.43 94.59 69.81 241.95

3 Chillies 2.81 2.80 2.18 4.49

4 Sugarcane 92.72 79.74 466.72 N.A.

5 Spices 0.11 44.84 28.79 91.19

6 Oilseeds 16.09 13.05 18.07 73.78

7 Others 99.99 36.24 56.08 120.35

Total 340.88 307.25 674.26 551.90

Source: The Registrar of Cooperatives, Chennai.

To provide a higher share of consumer prices to the farmers, there is a need to reduce

the multiple layers of intermediaries by providing alternative marketing channels and

creation of scientific storages nearer to the farms. The major infrastructure constraints faced

by most of the farmers‟ markets include the non availability of scientific storage facilities and

inadequate number of stalls, canteens, rest room facilities and drinking water. Even though

waste disposal is not a problem, the utilization of waste for productive purposes remains

elusive in most of the farmers markets.

Besides, storage godowns in Primary Agricultural Cooperative Societies and in

Cooperative Marketing Societies, additional marketing godowns for storing food grains and

pulses, drying yards for use of farmers of food grains and pulses which would prevent loss

resulting from cleaning, grading, longer period of drying on roads, cold storage and market

complex for fruits and flowers, Coconut Market / Processing complex with trader input

shops, drying yard, solar drier, rural godown and value addition incubation centre, common

facility centres for vegetable sorting and packaging and direct sale units, establishment of

modern market complex for flowers, construction of godown, drying yard, warehousing and

transaction shed in Regulated Markets and Agri. Marketing Committees, Installation of silos

for storing grains, Direct purchase centres for procurement of agri. Commodities,

establishment of solar coconut drying yards etc. would help in effective post-harvest

management and value addition in agricultural and horticultural crops.

31


2.9 Animal Husbandry and Dairy Development

Activities allied to agriculture namely animal husbandry have the potential for providing

significant employment opportunities to rural and urban population. Allied activities provide

supplementary occupation to the people besides contributing to Gross State Domestic

Product. The dependence on the agricultural sector for supporting livelihood is well known

while the allied sectors offer scope for absorbing surplus labour from the agriculture sector.

The total livestock population of the State which stood at 227.35 lakhs in 2012 had

declined by 26.08 per cent over that of 2007 livestock census. The bovine (cattle and

buffalo) population in the State had witnessed steady decline between 1982 and 2012.

While Sheep population showed sign of decline, the goat population had steadily increased

during the reference period. The details of livestock particulars are furnished in Table 2.14

Table 2.14 Livestock Census of Tamil Nadu

(in lakhs)

Year Cattle Buffalo Sheep Goats Others Total Poultry

1982 103.66 (-4.03)

32.12 (4.35)

55.37 (4.69)

52.46 (24.85)

18.26 (135.31)

261.87 (8.45)

182.84 (27.88)

1989 93.53 (-9.77)

31.28 (-2.62)

58.81 (6.21)

59.20 (12.85)

20.85 (14.18)

263.66 (0.68)

215.70 (17.97)

1994 90.96 (-2.75)

29.31 (-6.30)

56.12 (-4.57)

58.65 (-0.93)

21.75 (4.32)

256.79 (-2.61)

238.52 (10.59)

1997 90.47 (-0.54)

27.41 (-6.48)

52.59 (-6.29)

64.16 (9.39)

24.76 (13.84)

259.39 (1.01)

365.11 (53.06)

2004 91.41 (1.03)

16.58 (-39.51)

56.00 (6.48)

81.77 (27.45)

3.73 (-84.94)

249.42 (-3.85)

865.90 (137.16)

2007 111.89 (22.40)

20.09 (21.17)

79.91 (42.70)

92.75 (13.43)

2.96 (-20.64)

307.59 (23.32)

1304.84 (50.69)

2012 88.14 (-21.22)

7.8 (-61.17)

47.86 (-40.10)

81.43 (-12.20)

2.12 (-28.37)

227.35 (-26.08)

1173.48 (10.06)

Figures in parenthesis indicate the per cent of growth over previous censuses.

Source: Commissioner and Director of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services, Chennai-6.

The district wise details of livestock particulars as per livestock census of 2007 are

furnished in Table 2.15. Cattle accounted for 36.37 per cent of the total livestock population.

Next to cattle, goats accounted for 30.15 per cent of the total livestock population. Sheep

accounted for 25.97 per cent of livestock population. Buffaloes, pigs and others accounted

for 6.53, 0.92 and 0.03 per cent of the total livestock population respectively.

32


Table 2.15 District wise Livestock Census – 2007

(in numbers)

Sl. No.

District Cattle Buffaloes Sheep Goats Pigs Others Total

1 Ariyalur 204746 16107 73981 265237 9242 60 569373

2 Chennai 3068 2906 7027 3148 23 4 16176

3 Coimbatore 343385 36484 122813 230599 4944 582 738807

4 Cuddalore 337692 19784 47225 241378 36125 430 682634

5 Dharmapuri 452410 64731 297945 188084 2364 401 1005935

6 Dindigul 250399 80731 266401 258242 3853 1945 861571

7 Erode 549451 242464 584373 533036 4295 1420 1915039

8 Kancheepuram 621651 154434 308342 389190 4184 330 1478131

9 Kanyakumari 89704 2509 1238 118304 2644 30 214429

10 Karur 121272 55581 302490 166747 3530 46 649666

11 Krishnagiri N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A

12 Madurai 349095 6205 438276 512405 4259 97 1310337

13 Nagapattinam 300946 31841 18701 453781 942 17 806228

14 Namakkal 285958 219878 151666 462329 16656 138 1136625

15 Nilgiris 37372 1146 1658 17751 128 24 58079

16 Perambalur 126908 5046 58458 155731 7226 22 353391

17 Pudukkottai 682174 83955 794594 498989 4456 109 2064277

18 Ramanathapuram 132064 3549 358633 290541 11658 75 796520

19 Salem 564223 146589 355053 360336 15284 1198 1442683

20 Sivagangai 227913 7835 243791 227029 2470 69 709107

21 Thanjavur 446750 28154 51736 432078 3231 191 962140

22 Theni 136791 5351 87489 109370 4883 637 344521

23 Tiruchirappalli 429823 46971 212745 486748 8172 83 1184542

24 Thiruvallur 324222 194532 92970 321462 701 719 934606

25 Thiruvannamalai 717336 22686 366752 272823 5979 177 1385753

26 Thiruvarur 269555 7665 5881 311183 1056 186 595526

27 Thoothukudi 959029 319163 540768 318399 34338 1296 2172993

28 Tirunelveli 504332 114758 1222310 461300 43998 19 2346717

29 Vellore 573686 34032 249682 248273 6877 399 1112949

30 Villupuram 865683 33056 365307 495213 30205 444 1789908

31 Virudhunagar 281071 20859 362282 444878 10601 238 1119929

Total 11188709 2009002 7990587 9274584 284324 11386 30758592

Source: Tamil Nadu – An Economic Appraisal 2011-12 to 2013-14, Evaluation and Applied Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai.

33


About 75 per cent of the cattle population is concentrated in 15 districts. Of these

districts, Thoothukudi district topped the list and had 8.57 per cent of the total cattle

population followed by Villupuram (7.74 per cent) and Thiruvannamalai (6.41 per cent) in

that order. Buffalo‟s population was found to be higher in the districts of Thoothukudi, Erode,

and Namakkal accounting for about 40 per cent of the total buffalo population of the state.

Sheep and goat population was found to be higher in the districts of Tirunelveli, Pudukkottai,

Erode and Madurai accounting for 30 per cent of the sheet and goat population of the state.

Tamil Nadu Livestock Agency has brought all breeding activities under a single

umbrella and artificial insemination programme is being carried out effectively. As per

livestock census of 2004, a decline in breedable population was noticed from 47.12 lakhs in

2001 to 41.17 lakhs in 2004 in respect of cattle and from 15.15 lakhs to 9.01 lakhs in

buffaloes. The share of exotic and crossbreed cattle accounted for 62.9 per cent and that of

indigenous and native pure worked out to 37.1 per cent of the total breedable cattle

population. Among the buffalo population, the share of murrah was 32.08 per cent while

indigenous buffaloes accounted for the remaining 67.92 per cent in 2004. The details are

furnished in Table 2.16

Table 2.16 Breedable Cattle Population (in lakhs)

Category 1997 2001 2004 2007

Cattle

Exotic and Cross 12.61 18.78 25.89 33.77

Indigenous and Native Pure 32.02 28.34 15.28 14.31

Total 44.63 47.12 41.17 48.09

Buffaloes

Murrah and Graded 3.74 4.97 2.89 3.22

Indigenous 13.64 10.18 6.12 5.78

Total 17.38 15.15 9.01 9.00

Source: Commissioner and Director/ of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services and Tamil Nadu an Economic Appraisal 2011-12 to 2013-14, Evaluation and Applied Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu Chennai-6.

2.9.1 Milk Production

Milk Production in Tamil Nadu rose from 47.53 lakh tonnes in 2003-04 to 47.84 lakh

tonnes in 2004-05 and to 54.74 lakh tonnes in 2005-06 and to 68.31 lakh tonnes in 2010-11

and to 69.68 lakh tonnes in 2011-12. The State‟s share in total milk production at All India

34


level was 5.40 per cent in 2003-04 and 5.61 per cent in 2010-11. The per capita availability

of milk per day which witnessed a marginal increase from 209 gm in 2003-04 to 210 gm in

2004-05 to 234 gm in 2005-06 to 278 gm in 2010-11 and further decreased to 262 gm in

2011-12. The details are furnished in Table 2.17.

Table 2.17 Milk Production and Availability

Year Tamil Nadu All India Percentage

Share of Tamil Nadu

Per capita availability

(gms. per day)

(Lakh tonnes) Tamil Nadu All India

2000-2001 - 800.60 - 216 -

2003-2004 47.53 881.00 5.4 209 231

2004-2005 47.84 907.00 5.3 210 232

2005-2006 54.74 971.00 5.64 234 -

2010-2011 68.31 1218.47 5.60 278 -

2011-2012 69.68 1279.04 5.45 262 -

(Figures in brackets indicates percentage change over the previous year) Source: 1. Commissioner and Director of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services, Chennai–6. 2. Tamil Nadu an Economic Appraisal 2011-12 to 2013-14, Evaluation and Applied Research

Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai. 3. Agricultural Statistics as a Glance 2012.

4. Statistical Hand Book of Tamil Nadu 2013, Department of Economics and Statistics Government of Tamil Nadu Chennai – 600 006.

The details of district wise milk production are furnished in Table 2.18. It could be seen

from the table that milk production was found to be the highest in the districts of Salem

(6.94 per cent), Vellore (6.06 per cent), Coimbatore (2.75 per cent), Erode (5.15 per cent),

Tirunelveli (4.53 per cent) and Namakkal (4.11 per cent) and they put together accounted for

29.54 per cent of total milk production of Tamil Nadu State in 2011-12.

Table 2.18 District wise Milk Production (000’ tonnes)

Sl.No. District 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2011-12

1. Ariyalur N.A N.A N.A N.A

2. Chennai 34.3 27.3 4.3 8.8

3. Coimbatore 255.8 247.8 332 191.7

4. Cuddalore 243.7 211.7 197.5 189.6

5. Dharmapuri # 225.8 155.3 208.9 179.4

6. Dindigul 216.4 191.7 178.2 235.4

7. Erode 246.7 287.2 325.8 359.5

8. Kancheepuram 216.2 231.2 141.7 275.8

35


Sl.No. District 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2011-12

9. Kanyakumari 79.5 66.7 102.1 101.7

10. Karur 91.9 93.3 99.2 121.8

11. Krishnagiri N.A 92 178.4 199.9

12. Madurai 167.9 153.2 170.8 211.5

13. Nagapattinam 134.2 120.1 140.6 211.3

14. Namakkal 195.3 205.4 268.5 286.6

15. Nilgiris 60.3 60.3 45.6 89.6

16. Perambalur 136.9 129.4 149.1 192

17. Pudukkottai 121.1 146.8 115.7 256.9

18. Ramanathapuram 74.1 72.4 64.2 60.1

19. Salem 254.6 248.1 434.5 483.6

20. Sivagangai 89.7 80.2 94 127.4

21. Thanjavur 129.7 131.1 188.9 239.3

22. Theni 117.8 121.2 92.1 133.6

23. Trichy 172.5 163.3 222.6 247.2

24. Tiruppur N.A N.A N.A 261.1

25. Tiruvallur 223.6 202 169.8 188.7

26. Thiruvannamalai 259 269.1 248.4 424.1

27. Thiruvarur 93.7 111.7 166.8 146.4

28. Thoothukudi 90.9 105.9 99.8 221

29. Tirunelveli 153.5 160.9 283.9 316

30. Vellore 306.4 320.4 364.5 422.5

31. Villupuram 267.7 275.6 211.2 389.7

32. Virudhunagar 93.5 102.3 174.7 195.8

State 4752.70 4783.8 5473.6 6967.9

# Composite Dharmapuri district Source: Commissioner and Director of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services, Chennai-6 and Tamil Nadu–An Economic Appraisal 2011-12 to 2013-14, Evaluation and Applied Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai.

The average milk yield of indigenous cow per day was 2.58 kgs in 2011-12 as against

2.27 kg at All India level. However, with respect to exotic and cross bred cows, the State

yield was only 6.41kg as against 6.97 kg at All India level. Though the State has a sizable

population of buffaloes the average milk yield was only 4.09 kg as compared to 4.71 kg at

All India level.

36


The current milk production in the State is though sufficient, to keep pace with the

growing population and changing consumption pattern owing to increase in income, there is

a need to improve the milk production and availability in the State. Lot of potentials is

observed to increase the milk production and convert this liquid milk into many value added

products. Necessary infrastructure is need to be provided to harness the potentials in the

milk production and availability by creating, semen stations, animal disease intelligent

laboratory, establishment of modern abattoirs, cold rooms for vaccine storage with generator

backup and regional drug warehouses, upgrading infrastructure in rural veterinary

dispensaries, strengthening of sheep / goat shandies with basic amenities, veterinary

buildings with OP sheds (for Veterinary clinics) in areas concentrated with animal

population, more insulated vehicles for carrying milk, establishing bulk milk cooling units,

pre-packaging machines for packing milk products, reconstruction and renovation of existing

sub-centres for treatment of animals and block-level mobile units for provision of veterinary

services/carrying medicines at the doorstep of farmers.

2.9.2 Poultry and Egg Production

Poultry farming provides livelihood support besides contributing to nutritional

requirements of the population. Poultry activity creates employment opportunities and

provides income. The State ranks second in egg production in the country and accounts for

17.70 per cent of the total poultry population in India. The poultry population based on

different livestock census is furnished in Table 2.19.

Table 2.19 Poultry Population of Tamil Nadu (in lakhs)

S.No Year Poultry % increase over previous

time period

1 1982 182.84 27.44

2 1989 215.70 17.97

3 1994 238.54 10.59

4 1997 365.11 53.6

5 2004 865.9 137.16

6 2007 1304.83 50.69

7 2012 1173.48 10.06

Source: Commissioner and Director of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Service Chennai Tamil Nadu – An Economic Appraisal 2005-06 and 2011-12 to 2013-14.

37


The poultry population had increased from 182.84 lakhs in 1982 to 865.9 lakhs in 2004

and 1173.48 lakhs in 2012. In 2004, poultry population had recorded an increase of 137.16

per cent over 1997 time period and during 2012 the increase was 10.06 per cent over 2007

census. Poultry rearing has become a commercial activity in the districts of Namakkal,

Erode and Coimbatore. The district-wise poultry population along with population of Horses,

Donkeys and Dogs as per 2012 census is furnished in Table 2.20.

Table 2.20 District-wise Poultry and other Animals Population

(in numbers)

Sl.No District Poultry Donkeys Dogs Fowls Horses and

ponies

1 Chennai 33345 7 39878 24276 27

2 Coimbatore 42028686 3437 153685 41968683 2277

3 Cuddalore 333043 54 41264 323491 1219

4 Dharmapuri 1549232 4040 90855 1546253 134

5 Dindigul 2037985 569 86561 2030614 4321

6 Erode 5270334 3074 152827 5180399 827

7 Kancheepuram 353844 1178 106369 328516 422

8 Kanyakumari 463824 13 697175 451529 2

9 Karur 498470 123 31746 493883 432

10 Krishnagiri 1293388 7323 47348 4289526 161

11 Madurai 685529 1046 58658 675968 477

12 Nagapattinam 402045 9 83108 385633 864

13 Namakkal 19275185 146 84913 19267146 1354

14 The Nilgiris 75599 83 120592 74932 586

15 Perambalur 262330 477 34520 260483 89

16 Pudukkottai 476110 1102 46994 472311 362

17 Ramanathapuram 330309 230 15855 324317 396

18 Salem 2678324 478 165716 2674079 1208

19 Sivagangai 720831 45 47169 715907 1800

20 Thanjavur 634546 9 88402 626018 142

21 Theni 517155 1213 18095 514278 894

22 Tirunelveli 1218583 961 67877 1205376 245

23 Thiruvallur 654317 735 120628 608673 1336

24 Thiruvannamalai 252314 153 36575 246160 142

25 Thiruvarur 339253 6 43076 336659 746

26 Thoothukudi 450229 2257 35400 447566 1011

27 Tiruchirapalli 940619 5406 37699 932418 1309

28 Vellore 1155183 806 99894 1100428 353

29 Villupuram 732090 680 144690 732743 1671

30 Virudhunagar 890571 346 46520 881664 181

State 86591273 25779 2716631 86119929 24988

Source: Tamil Nadu – An Economic Appraisal, 2005-06 and 2011-12 to 2012-13 Evaluation and Applied Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai.

38


From the table, it could be seen that poultry population was found to be high in the

districts of Coimbatore, Namakkal, Erode, Salem, Dindigul and Dharmapuri in that order and

they put together accounted for 84.11 per cent of total poultry population of the State.

Poultry population was found to be the least in the Nilgiris district.

Tamil Nadu is one of the leading states in egg production and export. The eco-friendly

backyard poultry rearing is practiced along with commercial poultry farming in the State. The

egg production in the State increased from 3,784 million numbers in 2003-04 to 6,395 million

numbers in 2004-05 but declined marginally to 6,223 million numbers in 2005-06 and 1,185

million numbers in 2011-12. The district-wise egg production details over years are furnished in

Table 2.21.

Table 2.21 Egg Production

(in lakh numbers)

Sl. No. District 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2011-12

1. Ariyalur N.A N.A N.A N.A

2. Chennai 55.4 50.8 7.2 4

3. Coimbatore 2517.2 697 816.8 1150

4. Cuddalore 201.4 153.1 109.8 165.1

5. Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri 1919.9 2041.2 1769.4 1092.6

6. Dindigul 267.1 233.6 188.9 133.1

7. Erode 2268.9 10345.4 10924.7 11295.5

8. Kancheepuram 266.8 402.8 292.6 371.8

9. Kanyakumari 326.3 198 93.6 106.7

10. Karur 525.5 680.3 2110.5 3682.5

11. Madurai 197.1 167.1 125 241.2

12. Nagapattinam 131.2 146.7 87.9 144.3

13. Namakkal 24686.1 40177.1 39828.9 87059.3

14. Nilgiris 20.1 15.9 18.7 17.9

15. Perambalur 107 93.3 136.7 232.6

16. Pudukkottai 182.9 504.1 111.6 223.3

17. Ramanathapuram 75.5 80.7 80.1 162.5

18. Salem 720.4 3316.3 2513.9 4247.3

19. Sivagangai 219.5 155.8 119.6 215.3

20. Thanjavur 245.8 455.8 440.2 233.3

21. Theni 183.2 271.5 67.8 93

39


Sl. No. District 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2011-12

22. Tirunelveli 156.3 149.1 155.2 23.9

23. Tiruppur N.A N.A N.A 2516.3

24. Thiruvallur 633.3 509.2 170.2 1505.5

25. Thiruvannamalai 201.6 146.5 100.4 61

26. Thiruvarur 187.9 176.1 123.3 112.4

27. Thoothukudi 254.3 285.6 313.9 14.3

28. Tiruchirapalli 437.7 1508.5 663 2930.5

29. Vellore 440.5 278.9 250.8 165.4

30. Villupuram 239.7 451.8 246.2 95.2

31. Virudhunagar 168.2 255.5 358.7 222.9

State 37835.8 63947.70 62225.4 118518.3

Source: Tamil Nadu – An Economic Appraisal, 2005-06 and 2011-12 to 2012-13. Evaluation and Applied Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai.

During 2011-12, Namakkal district has became an “egg basket” and accounted for

73 per cent of total egg production in the State. Next to Namakkal district, Erode district

accounted for 9.53 per cent of total egg production in the State. These two districts shared

nearly 82.53 per cent of the total egg production of the State.

2.9.3 Infrastructure for Veterinary Care

In order to provide health care to animals, promote scientific breeding of cattle and

control of cattle diseases, the State has created and maintains the animal care institutions

as detailed in Table 2.22.

Livestock health care prevents loss of lives and helps to improve the productivity of

livestock. Development Programmes like “Kalnadai Padhukappu Thittam” is being

implemented in the State. The number of animals treated in the State rose by 42.62 per cent

from 202.44 lakhs in 2005-06 to 288.71 lakhs in 2013-14. Deworming and artificial

insemination were the other major animal health care activities undertaken in the State.

40


Table 2.22 Details of animal health care activities

(in lakh numbers)

S. No Items of Activities 2005-06 2013-14 % increase

1 Animals Treated 202.44 288.71 42.62

2 Deworming done 186.01 329.30 77.03

3 Castration done 6.44 10.31 60.09

4 Artificial Incrimination Performed 32.87 47.62 44.87

Source: Policy Note 2014-15 Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries Department, Government of Tamil Nadu.

In order to reduce morbidity and mortality, efforts are being made through six poly

clinics, 139 veterinary hospitals, 22 clinician centres, 2256 veterinary dispensaries, 56

mobile veterinary units and 950 sub-centres.

Creation of infrastructure and provision of equipments to the veterinary health

centres is necessary for the timely diagnosis and treatment of animal diseases. Emphasis

has to be given to strengthen mobile veterinary services to ensure better access to farm

households. Vaccine storage facilities in every health care institution would pave way for

better animal health management.

2.10 Fisheries

Tamil Nadu has a coastal line of 1,076 kms sharing 13.30 per cent of the nation‟s

coast line of 8118 kms. The State possesses 0.19 million sq.km of Exclusive Economic

Zone (EEZ) accounting for 9.70 per cent of the country‟s Exclusive Economic Zone of 2.02

million sq. kms. The sector provides employment to 10.02 lakh persons and contributes

Rs.1, 99,572 lakhs to foreign exchange. The inland fisheries sector in the State spread over

3.71 lakh hectares of water spread area comprising of reservoirs, major irrigation and long

seasonal tanks, short seasonal tanks and ponds, estuaries and backwaters.

2.10.1 Fish Production

The total fishermen population in the State was 11.03 lakhs which formed a share of

1.5 per cent of the State‟s total population. The fishermen population comprising those

engaged in marine and inland fishing was in the ratio of 70:30. The total marine fishermen

population of 9.25 lakhs is spread over 608 coastal villages in 13 districts. The three districts

viz., Nagapattinam, Ramanathapuram and Kanyakumari put together accounted for

57 per cent of the total marine fishermen population in the State.

41


Overall fish production during 2011-12 was estimated at 6.51 lakh tonnes which

accounted for an increase of 19.23 per cent over the production in 2005-06. Marine fish

accounted for about 66 per cent of total fish production. The details are furnished in Table

2.23.

Table 2.23 Fish Production in Tamil Nadu (in lakh tonnes)

Sl.No. Years Inland Marine Total

1. 2003-04 0.77

3.81

4.58

2. 2004-05 0.87

3.08

3.95 (-13.76)

3 2005-06 1.56

3.90

5.46 (38.23)

4 2011-12 2.24 4.27 6.51 (19.23)

Source: Commissioner of Fisheries, Chennai-6 and Tamil Nadu–An Economic Appraisal 2011-12 to 2013-14, Evaluation and Applied Research Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai. Figures in parenthesis denote percentage change over previous year.

Currently the demand for fish increased due to changes in consumption pattern of

growing population in the State. The fish resources in the inshore area had been over

exploited. Further, there is a decline in fish catches in inshore areas due to depleted fish

stock. The growing demand could be met from the exploitation of offshore resources to an

optimum level by technological up gradation, skill up gradation and adoption of sustainable

practices by creating adequate infrastructure.

In the case of marine fish market chains, these activities suffer from unhygienic

conditions, poor handling of the fish and wastages. Small-scale fisheries are unable to gain

access to more efficient marketing systems and supporting infrastructure (ice, cold storage,

etc.) that would lead to better quality and prices. Besides, adequate process infrastructure

facility in marine sector has to be created.

Inland fish catches are conditioned by aberrations of rainfall, less retention of water

in the water bodies, inadequate fish seed and feed and absence of proper marketing. Efforts

need to be directed towards the development of scientific storages and marketing of inland

fisheries. To augment inland fisheries, the shortfall in fish seed and feed has to be rectified.

Inland fishery cooperative societies need to be promoted and strengthened and provided

with necessary infrastructure and financial support to take up culture and capture fisheries

with the active role of fisherwomen. Fresh water fish culture needs to be promoted in

seasonal tanks/ponds owned by Panchayats.

42


2.10.2 Fish Export

Fish and fish products are exported from the State. There are 57 approved modern

sea food processing plants and 64 approved dried fish production exporting centres

functioning in the State. Over 4,000 persons are directly and 12,000 persons are indirectly

employed in the export processing industry in the State. However, there was a fluctuating

trend in the total quantity of fish and fishery products export in the State (Table. 2.24).

Of the total quantity exported, the export of shrimp alone accounted for as much as

63 per cent. Contrary to this trend, the value of earnings from fish and fishery products

exports gradually improved from Rs. 2,800 crores in 2010-11 to Rs. 3,029 crores in 2011-12

(5.9%). Likewise the average earnings per tonnes increased from Rs. 3.31 lakhs in 2010-11

to Rs.3.75 lakhs in 2011-12. The State‟s share in total quantity of fish products exports at

the all India level was 10.6 per cent in 2010-11.

The State has rich potential for fish culture and Tamil Nadu is one of the major fish

exporting States in India. The quantity of fish and fish products exported was 0.77 lakh

tonnes in 2003-04 which improved to 0.87 lakh tonnes in 2004-05 to 1.56 lakhs tonnes in

2005-06 and 2.24 lakhs tonnes in 2011-12. The share in fish export accounted for 19.23 per

cent of the total export of the country in 2011-12.

Table 2.24 Export of Fish and Fish Products

Year Tamil Nadu All India

Quantity (tonnes) Value

(Rs. crore) Quantity (tonnes)

Value (Rs. crore)

2010-11 86,182 2,860 8,13,091 12,901

2011-12 80,738 3,029 8,62,021 16,597

Source: Tamil Nadu–An Economic Appraisal 2011-12 to 2013-14

The following are the infrastructure requirements identified in this sector:

Infrastructure for fishermen community to enable scientific fish farming with

backward and forward linkages and common facility centers. Further, by conducting

sensitization workshops, providing training on different types of fish farming and

supplying refrigerated vans for transportation of fish

Ice plants for fish storage by Fisheries Department

Inland Fish farms

Marine Fish Landing Centres

43


2.11 Sericulture

India has the unique distinction of being the only country producing all the five kinds

of silk namely Mulberry, Eri, Muga, Tropical Tasar and Temperate Tasar. In Tamil Nadu

mulberry silk is produced predominantly. Cultivation of mulberry plants (Moriculture) is an

agricultural activity. In Tamil Nadu, mulberry cultivation is mainly taken up in irrigated

condition. The silkworm seed production centers named as grainages are also present in the

state. The silkworm seed known as Disease Free Layings (DFLs) are prepared in the

grainages and supplied to the farmers for rearing. Both Government and private sector

grainages are involved in this activity. There are 11 state government run grainages, three

run by Central Silk Board and six by private grainages.

Silkworm rearing is considered to be an agro based cottage industry since it involves

mulberry cultivation. Silkworms are reared for the production of “cocoons” which is the raw

material for silk production. The farmers rear silkworms and produce cocoons and marketed

to silk reelers through 19 cocoon markets. The raw silks produced by the silk reelers are

marketed directly to the weavers or through Silk Exchanges.

Mulberry cultivation in the State has declined from 11,060 hectares in 2000-01 to

6613.93 hectares as on 1.4.2006. An additional area of 2568.39 hectares has been brought

under mulberry cultivation. The production of the cocoon in the State had increased from

3101.20 metric tonnes in 2004-05 to 524.90 metric tonnes in 2005-06 and the production of

raw silk had increased from 443.00 metric tonnes in 2004-05 to 738.80 metric tonnes in

2005-06. The production of raw silk was found to be high in the districts of Krishnagiri and

Erode. The value of raw silk stood at Rs.8577.47 lakhs in Tamil Nadu State during 2005-06.

There are about 20,863 farmers engaged in Sericulture activity in Tamil Nadu, Tamil Nadu

occupies fourth position in the country in silk production and the state is aiming to occupy

third position. The annual silk production in Tamil Nadu is around 1200 MT. The weaving

sector of Tamil Nadu comprises mostly of Handlooms. Kancheepuram, Arni, Kumbakonam,

Salem, Coimbatore, Madurai and Tirunelveli are important weaving centers in Tamil Nadu.

During the year 2012-2013, 1184.62 MT of raw silk, have been produced in the state,

of which 609.12 MT are cross breed silk and 575.50 MT are bivoltine silk. Tamil Nadu

continues to occupy the fore-front position in the country in Bivoltine silk production.

Tamil Nadu stands first in cocoon productivity with an average of 69.69 Kg per 100 dfls,

whereas the National average is only 58.20 Kg per 100 dfls. Further, Tamil Nadu stands first

in the production of chawki worms with 27 per cent laying are distributed as chawki worms to

the farmers, which is the highest at National level.

44


Though majority of the farmers aware of the economic benefit of mulberry cultivation

and silkworm rearing and the associated production technologies, the cultivation of mulberry

is highly localized in the districts of Kanyakumari, Erode, Dharmapuri and Coimbatore that

too with less than 1500 acres each and in all other districts; the area under mulberry is very

minimum. The rearing units are limited in numbers. Hence there is need to create additional

facilities to bring more area under mulberry cultivation, encourage silk worm rearing and

reeling. Efforts have to be taken for providing support to plant mulberry, rearing shed,

rearing appliances, capacity building of mulberry farmers, provision of mobile vans to

transport cocoons, resorting to integrated nutrient management and integrated pest

management and promotion and installation of drip irrigation system in mulberry cultivation.

2.12 Vision 2023

In Vision 2023, the State Government has also proposed to undertake various

infrastructure projects. Infrastructure developments in agriculture are targeted at the three

initiatives of improving the productivity in agriculture, assurance of year round irrigation, and

marketing extension. An estimated investment of Rs. 40,000 crores (Table 2.25) is

anticipated towards development of agricultural infrastructure across the State. The key

projects are:

a. Irrigation projects involving connectivity of farms with canals and dams, and cleaning

of water resources such as tanks, wells and dams.

b. Micro irrigation for 100% of crops under horticulture, vegetables and fruits and

spices.

c. Horticultural parks for fruits, vegetables and spices would be developed across the

State.

d. Chain of storage facilities including cold storage and associated logistics facilities

e. Packing houses and gamma irradiation facilities are to be developed in each district

f. Grain storage facilities

g. Three terminal market complexes to serve the local and export market

h. Strengthening R&D capacity

The State Government also identified various infrastructure projects to be

implemented and the budget requirement is shown in Table 2.26

45


Table 2.25 Infrastructure Investment

(₹ in crores)

Sl. No. Name of the Project Amount

1 Cleaning of well, tanks and canals 16,000

2 Horticulture Parks 6,600

3 100% Micro Irrigation for horticulture crops 6,400

4 Grain Storage Godowns 2,700

5 Strengthening of R&D Capacity of Agricultural Universities 2,000

6 Food Processing Centres 1,500

7 Cold Storage Projects, Terminal Market Complex 2,000

8 Support to Mechanization 1,000

9 Packing houses, Gamma Irradiation Facility, Agro Food Parks & Export Zones, Perishable air cargo complex, ICT tools for agriculture extension etc

1,800

Total 40,000

Source: Vision Tamil Nadu 2023, Strategic Plan for Infrastructure Development in

Tamil Nadu Vision Volume 1, Government of Tamil Nadu.

Table 2.26 Infrastructure projects identified by State Government

(₹ in crores)

Sl. No.

Name of the Project Amount

1 Infrastructure set-up for seed supply chain 2,000

2 Programme for Soil Quality Improvement and Wasteland

Rehabilitation

2,000

3 Strengthening of Seed Farms, Horticultural Farms and establishment

as demonstration farms

2,000

4 Horticulture Development Programme 400

5 Propagation of Micro Irrigation 20,000

6 Agricultural mechanization 20,000

7 Integrated Market Development and Post Harvest Supply Chain 20,000

8 Infrastructure support for Agro Food Processing Industry 5,000

9 Infrastructure for diary processing 5,250

10 Infrastructure for poultry processing 2,000

11 Integrated fish processing centres and fish landing stations / fishing

harbours

1,500

46


Sl. No.

Name of the Project Amount

Sub-total for Agriculture and allied sectors 80,150

12 Rehabilitation of tanks and well 22,500

13 Infrastructure development to conserve North East Monsoon drainage

water, Coastal zone and Cauvery Delta Irrigation Development Plan

3,000

14 Lining of major canals in Tamil Nadu 5,000

15 Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project 750

16 Interlinking of Rivers 10,000

Sub-total for Irrigation 41,250

Total 1,21,400

Source: Vision Tamil Nadu 2023, Strategic Plan for Infrastructure Development in Tamil Nadu Vision Tamil Nadu Phase 2, Government of Tamil Nadu, page 248, 2014.

Considering the aforesaid scenario of developments, the overall infrastructure

requirement was assessed in consultation with the line departments of the State

Government at the district level and State level and also based on the feedback obtained

from the farmers at various levels. The type of infrastructure and budget requirement is

presented in the next chapter.

47


CHAPTER III

INFRASTRUCTURE AND BUDGET

3.1 Agriculture

3.1.1 Production of planting materials

Ensuring farmers timely access to seed and planting material of good quality is one

of the most important elements of successful agricultural production. It is also recognized

that increased access by farmers to appropriate seed material is a key element in support of

agricultural production in the context of high food prices and climate changes. Despite this

reality, seed and planting material available to farmers is often of insufficient quality, which

undermines potential yield and performance of crop production. The challenges of improving

the quality of the seed produced and used by farmers have to be addressed in a range of

programs and initiatives through the establishment of quality nurseries across the State.

The districts namely Cuddalore, Erode, Ramanathapuram, Thanjavur, Virudhunagar have

proposed the need to establish such nurseries. Besides, wherever the demand for seeds /

seedlings is huge, for instance in Tiruvarur district, establishment of community nursery is

found to be promising. A revision of the system aimed at expanding the crop coverage and

better adaptation to changing circumstances and needs could yield desirable improvement

in production and distribution of quality planting materials to farmers. The overall budget to

undertake the establishment of nurseries in various districts is presented in Table 3.1.

3.1.2 Facilities for seed processing

Seed is the most basic input in agriculture. Therefore, the sustained supply of the

quality seeds will continue to be a key factor for augmenting agricultural growth. The

importance of seed has been recognized from the time immemorial that good seed in good

field would yield abundantly. Seed multiplication/production is a two-tier system, i.e., pre-

harvest and post-harvest. Each phase is important over the other. If due attention is not paid

during the first phase, there is no way left for getting good quality seed. The same is true

with second phase as hard earned produce may be destroyed by various agents during

post-harvest period. Each operation such as cleaning, grading, drying and chemical

treatment should be judiciously taken up to get quality seed with maximum recovery.

Therefore seed processing is a vital part of the seed production activities and the State

Government has accorded high priority. In view of above, efforts have to be taken with the

objective of production of quality seeds of agricultural crops through scientific methods and

48


adopting appropriate processing techniques through establishment and modernization of

State seed processing plants at an overlay of Rs. 3,051 lakhs (Table 3.2).

3.1.3 Facilities for seed quality maintenance

After harvesting, cleaning, drying, processing, and packaging, the representative

samples of seed lot are required to be taken and sent to the laboratory for quality testing.

From the test results, genetic, physical, physiological, and health qualities of seeds are

determined. Different countries have set their own standards to find out these qualities in the

seed lot. The National Seed Board, for instance, has approved maximum amount of

moisture content, minimum germination potential, and minimum physical purity in

foundation, certified and truthfully labeled seeds of different crops as basic seed standards.

The test results must conform the approved seed standards to send the seeds in the market

for commercial transaction. The overall budget required to establish seed testing laboratory

in order to maintain the quality of seeds are Rs. 300 lakhs. The details of seed testing

laboratories proposed specifically in Nagapattinam and Krishnagiri districts are shown in

Table 3.3.

3.1.4 Production of organic manure

The vision of organic agriculture in India has necessitated to recognize the need to

change in farming system approach and initiated program to promote organic farming in a

big way. The Network Project on Organic Farming (NPOF) for promotion of organic farming

and the National Program for Organic Production (NPOP) to provide institutional mechanism

for implementation of National Standards for organic cultivation and accreditation of

certification agencies and inspecting agencies would pave way for the production and

distribution of quality and safe food and also help in protecting the environmental

degradation owing to indiscriminate use of chemicals in crop cultivation.

The diverse climatic region in Tamil Nadu favors cultivation of wide range of crops

under the “organic” system of cultivation. The major focus is to improve the soil fertility and

productivity by encouraging biological cycles within the farming systems by involving micro-

organisms, soil flora and fauna, plants and animals etc. This necessitated to provide

infrastructure and the overall budget allocated to undertake the various interventions like

strengthening of biofertilizer production units in Cuddalore, Karur, Madurai, Pudukkottai,

Ramanathapuram, Salem, Thanjavur and Theni districts; establishment of bio compost and

charcoal unit at Dindigul district; and establishment of vermicomposting unit in various

districts are shown in Table 3.4.

49


Table 3.1 Infrastructure Facilities for Production of Planting Materials

(₹ in lakhs)

Components District

Year

I II III IV V Total

Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin

Establishment of

Nursery @ Rs 5

lakhs/unit

Cuddalore 2 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 10

Erode 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 0 0 4 20

Ramanathapuram 2 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 10

Thanjavur 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5

Virudhunagar 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 1 5

Establishment of

Community Nursery

(ac) @ Rs 1.5 lakhs

/acre

Tiruvarur 10 15 10 15 10 15 10 15 10 15 50 75

Grand total 45 20 20 25 15 125

50


Table 3.2 Infrastructure Facility for Seed Processing

(₹ in lakhs)

Components Districts

Year

I II III IV V Total


State Seed Processing unit Rs 25.0 lakh/unit

Ariyalur, Dharmapuri, Kancheepuram, Kanyakumari, Krishnagiri, Madurai, Nagapattinam, Ramanathapuram, Salem, Sivagangai, Tiruppur, Trichy, Vellore, Villupuram, and Virudhunagar @ 2 unit/district

30 750 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 750

Tiruvallur, Thiruvannamalai @ 4/district in the I year and 2 units /district in the remaining years

8 200 4 100 4 100 4 100 4 100 24 600

Tiruvarur and Thoothukudi @ 4 units/district

8 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 200

Thanjavur 6 150 6 150

Sub total 52 1300 4 100 4 100 4 100 4 100 68 1700

51


Table 3.2 Infrastructure Facility for Seed Processing (Contd..)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishment/Mo

dernization of

State Seed Farm

(SSF)

Cuddalore 31 31

Dharmapuri 12 12

Erode 168 168

Kancheepuram 19 19

Kanyakumari 2 2

Karur 65 65

Krishnagiri 6 6

Madurai 46 46

Nagapattinam 18 18

Pudukkottai 248 248

Salem 70 70

Thanjavur 66 66

Thiruvallur 4 4

Tiruvarur 87 87

Tirunelveli 34 34

Tiruppur 46 46

Trichy 103 103

Vellore 1 1

Villupuram 251 251

Virudhunagar 74 74

Sub total 1351 1351

Grand total 2651 100 100 100 100 3051

52


Table 3.3 Infrastructure Facilities for Seed Quality Maintenance

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishment of Seed

testing laboratory @

Rs 60.0 lakhs/unit

Nagapattinam 1 60 0 0 1 60 1 60 1 60 4 240

Krishnagiri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 60 1 60

Grand total 1 60 0 0 1 60 1 60 2 120 5 300

53


Table 3.4 Infrastructure for Production of Organic Manure

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Vermicomposting

unit/shed/FYM pits @

Rs.50000 / unit

Ariyalur 50 25 50 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 50

Coimbatore 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 100 50

Dharmapuri 75 38 75 38 75 38 75 38 75 38 375 188

Dindigul 84 42 154 77 0 0 0 0 0 0 238 119

Karur 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10

Krishnagiri 190 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 95

Namakkal 172 86 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 172 86

Perambalur 60 30 50 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 55

Pudukkottai 120 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 60

Ramanathapuram 100 50 50 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 75

Salem 24 12 14 7 14 7 16 8 18 9 86 43

Thanjavur 100 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 50

Thiruvallur 30 15 30 15 30 15 30 15 30 15 150 75

Thiruvannamalai 120 60 50 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 170 85

Thoothukudi 180 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 90

Tiruppur 26 13 26 13 26 13 26 13 26 13 130 65

Trichy 100 50 100 50 100 50 100 50 100 50 500 250

Vellore 172 86 100 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 272 136

Villupuram 11 6 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 51 26

Virudhunagar 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 50 25

Sub total 1664 832 739 370 285 143 287 144 289 145 3264 1632

54


Table 3.4 Infrastructure for Production of Organic Manure (Contd.)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Strengthening of bio

fertilizer production

unit @ Rs. 30

lakhs/unit

Cuddalore 2 60 0 0 1 30 0 0 0 0 3 90

Karur 2 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 60

Madurai 1 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 30

Pudukkottai 2 60 0 0 1 30 0 0 0 0 3 90

Ramanathapuram 1 30 0 0 2 60 0 0 0 0 3 90

Salem 2 60 0 0 1 30 0 0 0 0 3 90

Thanjavur 1 30 0 0 2 60 0 0 0 0 3 90

Theni 2 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 60

Sub total 13 390 0 0 7 210 0 0 0 0 20 600

Establishment of bio

compost unit @ Rs 1

lakh /unit

Dindigul 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5

Establishment of

Charcoal unit @ Rs

3 lakhs/unit

Dindigul 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 2 6

Sub total 0 4 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 4 0 11

Grand total 1226 371 354 145 149 2243

55


3.1.5 Establishment of Laboratories

Quality control is the process of checking the quality of the material against the standard

set by the organizations and if the material does not match with the standards, then such

material is said to be substandard. Quality control laboratories are being established by the

Government with an intention to supply quality inputs viz., seed, fertilizers and pesticide and

services like soil testing to the farmers. To have effective quality control of inputs, quality

inspectors are to be appointed. The Agricultural Research - NABL Accreditation lab at

Coimbatore, Cuddalore, Erode, Kancheepuram, Madurai, Salem, Trichy and Vellore districts;

Organic Fertilizer Testing laboratories at Coimbatore, Kancheepuram and Trichy districts; Bio-

Fertilizer Quality Control Laboratory at Trichy district; Establishment of Pesticide Residual

Laboratory and laboratory for leaf analysis for selective nutrient application at Krishnagiri district;

Soil Testing Laboratory and Fertilizer Control Laboratory at Kancheepuram and Virudhunagar

districts; Strengthening of Mobile Soil Testing Laboratory for Ensuring Soil Health at

Aruppukottai district; Soil Testing laboratory at Karur and Namakkal districts; and Strengthening

of Central Control Laboratory and up gradation of training institute at Pudukkottai district were

proposed with a budget outlay of Rs. 3,032 lakhs Table 3.5.

3.1.6 Infrastructure for Strengthening Research Capacity

Agricultural Research Station (ARS) and Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) operating in the

State are doing yeomen services to the farming community and public by providing technical

advices and expertise for the holistic development of the farmers. These institutions also

prioritize their actions so as to ensuring food and nutritional security. However, they are not

endeavored with adequate infrastructure, which is absolutely essential for growth and

development. Strengthening the existing and creating new assets/amenities would bring

profound influence on the constructive and technical services effectively. They also need

support for establishing / Strengthening of Research stations / Centre of Excellence;

Establishment of Mango Research Station; Establishment of Horticultural College & Research

Institute in Hosur; Construction of 1st Floor in SAMETI New Hostel, Kudumiyanmalai; and

Strengthening of Four Soil Survey and Land Use Organization Units for catering to the needs of

farming community. The details of budget requirement (Rs. 9,653 lakhs) for the various

Agricultural research and development activities representing different districts are furnished in

Table 3.6.

56


Table 3.5 Establishment of Laboratories (₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Agricultural Research - NABL Accreditation lab

Coimbatore 0 167 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 167

Cuddalore, Erode, Madurai, Salem, Trichy and Vellore @Rs. 60 lakh/unit

0 360 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 360

Kancheepuram 0 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 140

Sub total 0 667 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 667

Organic Fertilizer Testing laboratories @ Rs 56 lakhs/unit

Coimbatore and Trichy

0 0 0 0 2 112 0 0 0 0 2 112

Kancheepuram 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 56 1 56

Sub total 0 0 0 0 2 112 0 0 1 56 3 168

Bio-Fertilizer Quality Control Laboratory @ Rs 75 lakhs/unit

Trichy 1 75 1 75 1 75 1 75 4 300

Establishment of Pesticide Residual Laboratory @ Rs 865 lakhs/unit

Krishnagiri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 865 1 865

Laboratory for leaf analysis for selective nutrient application @ Rs 180 lakhs/unit

Krishnagiri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 180 1 180

Soil Testing Laboratory and Fertilizer Control Laboratory @ Rs 56 lakhs/unit

Kancheepuram, Virudhunagar

1 56 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 56 2 112

57


Table 3.5 Establishment of Laboratories (Contd.,)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Strengthening of Mobile Soil Testing Laboratory for Ensuring Soil Health @ Rs 30 lakhs/unit

Aruppukottai 1 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 30

Soil Testing laboratory @ Rs 35 lakhs/unit / Rs 5 lakhs/unit

Karur 1 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 35

Namakkal 15 75 15 75 15 75 15 75 15 75 75 375

Strengthening of Central Control Laboratory and up gradation of training institute @ Rs 30 lakhs/unit

Pudukkottai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 300 10 300

Grand total 938 150 262 75 1607 3032

58


Table 3.6 Infrastructure for Agricultural Research and Development

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishment /

Strengthening of

Research stations /

Centre of Excellence

Dharmapuri, KVK 1 205 135 60 10 10 1 420

Erode , ARS

Bhavanisagar

1 479 191 51 36 31 1 787

Krishnagiri 1 250 1 250

Madurai SHF 1 10 10 10 5 0 1 35

Nagapattinam,

ADA Office

1 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 22

Thanjavur,

SWMRI

1 25 40 63 46 47 1 221

Theni, Rice

Research Station

1 150 150 1 300

Nilgiris, HRS 1 100 100 100 100 0 1 400

Tirur, KVK 1 280 40 12 34 20 1 386

Thoothukudi,

ARS, Kovilpatti

1 670 0 120 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 800

Vellore, ARS,

Virinjipuram

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 228 1 228

Establishment of Mango

Research Station @ Rs

1409 lakhs/unit

Krishnagiri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1409 1 1409

Establishment of

Horticultural College &

Research Institute in the

high altitude of Hosur @

Rs 4250 lakhs/unit

Krishnagiri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4250 1 4250

59


Table 3.6 Infrastructure for Agricultural Research and Development (Contd.,)

(₹ in Lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Construction of 1st Floor

in SAMETI New Hostel,

Kudumiyanmalai @

Rs 100 lakhs/unit


Strengthening of Four

Soil Survey and Land

Use Organization Units

@ Rs 11 lakhs/unit

Tirunelveli 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 11 1 11

Coimbatore 1 11 1 11

Thanjavur 1 11 1 11

Vellore 1 11 1 11

Grant total 2041 786 306 231 6289 9653

60


3.1.7 Strengthening of Extension activities

Agriculture extension is an informal educational process directed towards the farmers.

Extension also aims to increase the efficiency in farm production. The objective is to change

farmers' outlook towards the challenges they are facing. It is concerned not just with physical

and economic achievements but also with the development of the farmers themselves.

Agriculture extension workers, therefore, discuss issues with the farmers; help them to gain a

clearer insight into their problems and also to decide how to overcome these limitations.

Therefore the infrastructure for strengthening extension activities are essential and it is

proposed the establishment of Agriculture Knowledge Resource Centre in Mathur block;

establishment of Horticulture knowledge Resource Centre in Hosur block; and establishment of

National Bio-products Production Centre at RRS, Paiyur of Krishnagiri district; New Farmers

Training Centre building with class rooms, meeting hall and rest rooms in Karur district;

establishment of Market Centre for Korai at Karur and Kulithalai; construction of buildings for

Agri. Extension Centre at Salem; establishing community based RO structures and monitoring

at Tiruppur; development of Model village for mass bioremediation of polluted soils at Tiruppur;

establishment of Shade net at Vellore; creation of new Infrastructure (AEC, SPU, SSF, Office

Buildings) at Villupuram and Village Organic Produce Market Promotion Cell (Information Kiosk)

to purchase ICT tools at Karur district are some of the felt needs in the respective districts.

An overall budget of Rs. 5,039 lakhs (Table 3.7) is proposed for establishment of such facilities.

3.1.8 Infrastructure for post-harvest management

Increasing emphasis on higher value farm products to meet the changing diets of urban

consumers has focused renewed attention on post-harvest systems, while unacceptably high

losses due to poor handling and lack of appropriate infrastructure have reduced economic

benefits to small producers. Post-harvest activities are an integral part of the food production

system, and the aim is to promote best practices for post-harvest handling and management

along the entire food supply chain, focusing on a broad spectrum of operations and

stakeholders in traditional and modern marketing systems.

The ultimate goal of the system is to deliver high quality, safe food to consumers.

The infrastructure for post-harvest management required a budget allocation of Rs. 1,545 lakhs

(Table 3.8).

61


Table 3.7 Infrastructure to Strengthen Extension Activities

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishment of Agriculture knowledge Resource Centre in Mathur block @ Rs 460 lakhs/unit

Krishnagiri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 460 1 460

Establishment of National Bio products Production Centre at RRS, Paiyur @ Rs 175 lakhs/unit

Krishnagiri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 175 1 175

New Farmers Training Centre building with class rooms, Meeting hall and Rest rooms

Karur 1 108 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 108

Establishment of Market Centre for Korai @ Rs 25 lakhs/unit

Karur - 2 blocks - Karur and Kulithalai

1 25 1 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 50

Construction of Building for Agri. Extension Centre @ Rs 120 lakhs/unit

Salem 1 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 120

Establishing community based RO Structures and monitoring

Tiruppur 10 100 10 100 10 100 10 100 10 100 50 500

Development of Model village for mass bioremediation of polluted soils @ Rs 10 lakhs/unit

Tiruppur 2 20 2 20 2 20 2 20 2 20 10 100

Establishment of Shad net @ Rs.25000/unit

Vellore 0 0 6 2 0 0 0 0 6 2 12 3

Creation of Infrastructure (AEC, SPU, SSF, Office Buildings)

Villupuram 1 900 1 850 1 650 1 570 550 4 3520

Village Organic Produce Market Promotion Cell (Information Kiosk) to purchase ICT tools @ Rs 1 lakh /unit

Karur 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 3

Grand total 1275 998 771 690 1307 5039

62


Table 3.8 Infrastructure for Post-Harvest Management

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I Year II Year III Year IV Year V Year Total


Millet processing unit @ Rs 4 lakhs/unit

Karur 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 10 40

Krishnagiri 20 80 20 80 20 80 20 80 20 80 100 400

Salem 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 5 20

The Nilgiris 1 4 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 8

Virudhunagar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 1 4

Sub total 24 96 24 96 23 92 23 92 24 96 118 472

Mini Dhall mill @ Rs 1.6 lakhs/unit

Virudhunagar 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2

Oil extracting machine @ Rs 17 lakhs/ unit

Dindigul 1 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 17

Storage go downs (20 X 5 m) @ 20 lakhs/unit

Erode 2 40 2 40 2 40 2 40 2 40 10 200


Karur 1 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 20

Trichy 1 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 20

Sub total 5 100 3 60 3 60 3 60 3 60 17 340

Drying yards (20mx20m) @ Rs. 5 Lakhs / unit

Erode 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 10 50

Thrashing floor (30 m x 30 m) @ Rs. 4 lakhs / unit

Dharmapuri 10 40 10 40 10 40 11 44 10 40 51 204

Erode 5 20 5 20 5 20 5 20 5 20 25 100

Ramanathapuram 3 12 3 12 3 12 3 12 3 12 15 60

Sivagangai 5 20 5 20 5 20 5 20 5 20 25 100


Sub total 33 132 33 132 33 132 34 136 33 132 166 664

Grand total 357 298 294 298 298 1545

63


3.1.9 Propagation of drip / micro irrigation

With increasing demand on water from various sectors, the availability of water in the

State is under severe stress. Agriculture sector is the largest use of water. While irrigation

projects (Major and medium) have contributed to the development of water resources,

conventional methods of irrigation are inefficient and lead to wastage of water. It has been

recognized that the use of modern irrigation methods like drip and sprinkler irrigation are the

ways for the efficient use of surface as well as ground water resources. A scientific method of

irrigation viz., drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, mobile sprinkler irrigation and rain gun carrying

desired water and nutrients direct to the root zone of the plant are proposed with an overall

budget of Rs. 11,878 lakhs (Table 3.9).

3.1.10 Distribution of agricultural implements and machinery for farm and post-harvest

operations

Mechanization is the need of the hour to meet out the growing shortage of labor

workforce in Agriculture. It has been identified as one of the critical inputs for increasing

production. Cost of cultivation data shows that labor accounts for more than 40 percentage of

the variable cost in many of the crops. The labor intensive crops need high man power

requirement and its limited availability is posing a big challenge to crop productivity. Agricultural

labor wage is also increasing resulting in shifting from labor intensive to mechanization intensive

techniques.

Farm power requirement includes human labor, draft animal, tractor, power tiller, electric

motor and diesel engine power to cultivate crop. Mechanization encourages large scale

production and improves the quality of farm produce. It ensures reduction of drudgery

associated with variety of farm operation and also encourages the utilization of inputs and

thereby harnessing the potential of available resources. Provision of power operated

machineries and tools including power operated saw and plant protection equipments, power

machines with rotavator / equipment, power machines including accessories and equipments

would strengthen the mechanization strategies adopted in the State. The district wise budget

requirement of Rs. 41,933 lakhs for the various interventions is shown in Table 3.10.

The consolidated budget for strengthening infrastructure in agriculture sector including

research is presented in Table 3.11

64


Table 3.9 Propagation of Drip / Micro Irrigation (₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Drip irrigation @ Rs 44,000/ha

Coimbatore 15 7 15 7 15 7 15 7 15 7 75 33

Cuddalore 130 57 150 66 175 77 200 88 250 110 905 398

Dharmapuri 135 59 136 60 137 60 138 61 140 61 686 302

Dindigul 20 9 20 9 20 9 20 9 20 9 100 44

Erode 2300 1012 2300 1012 2300 1012 2300 1012 2300 1012 11500 5060

Kanyakumari 100 44 100 44 100 44 100 44 100 44 500 220

Karur 404 178 404 178 404 178 404 178 404 178 2020 889

Madurai 200 88 200 88 200 88 200 88 200 88 1000 440

Pudukkottai 1110 488 1110 488 1110 488 1110 488 1110 488 5550 2442

Thanjavur 100 44 100 44 100 44 100 44 100 44 500 220


Tirunelveli 50 22 50 22 50 22 50 22 50 22 250 110

Tiruppur 50 22 50 22 50 22 50 22 50 22 250 110

Vellore 50 22 50 22 50 22 50 22 50 22 250 110

Villupuram 75 33 75 33 75 33 75 33 75 33 375 165

Virudhunagar 100 44 100 44 100 44 100 44 100 44 500 220

Sub total 5289 2327 5310 2336 5336 2348 5362 2359 5414 2382 26711 11753

Sprinkler irrigation @ Rs 30,000/ ha

Virudhunagar 40 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 12

Ramanathapuram

5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 25 8

Salem 0 10 3 0 0 0 10 3

Sub total 45 14 15 5 5 2 5 2 5 2 75 23

65


Table 3.9 Propagation of Drip / Micro Irrigation (Contd.,)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Mobile Sprinkler

irrigation @

Rs 20,000/ha

Virudhunagar 2 0 0 0 0 0 73 22 0 0 75 22

Ramanathapuram 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 10 2

Salem 11 2 16 3 27 5

Sub total 15 3 18 3 2 0.4 75 22 2 0.4 112 30

Rain gun @ Rs

12,500/ha

Namakkal 100 13 100 13 100 13 100 13 100 13 500 63

Ramanathapuram 20 3 20 3 20 3 2 0 2 0 64 8

Salem 12 2 7 1 0 0 0 19 2

Sub total 132 18 127 18 120 15 102 13 102 13 583 73

Grand total 2360 2360 2365 2396 2397 11878

66


Table 3.10 Promotion of Agricultural Implements and Machinery for Farm and Post-Harvest Operations

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Power operated sprayers @ Rs 6000/unit

Coimbatore 25 2 25 2 25 2 25 2 25 2 125 8

Cuddalore 350 21 350 21 350 21 350 21 350 21 1750 105

Karur 50 3 50 3 50 3 50 3 50 3 250 15

Madurai 30 2 15 1 15 1 20 1 50 3 130 8

Perambalur 400 24 400 24 400 24 400 24 400 24 2000 120

Salem 200 12 151 9 100 6 100 6 100 6 651 39

Thiruvallur 300 18 300 18 300 18 300 18 300 18 1500 90

Tiruvarur 550 33 550 33 550 33 550 33 550 33 2750 165

Thoothukudi 150 9 150 9 150 9 150 9 150 9 750 45

Vellore 104 6 102 6 102 6 100 6 105 6 513 31

Villupuram 225 14 225 14 225 14 225 14 225 14 1125 68

Virudhunagar 49 3 10 1 68 4 0 0 0 0 127 8

Sub total 2433 146 2328 140 2335 140 2270 136 2305 138 11671 700

Hand operated sprayers @ Rs 2000/unit

Kanyakumari 250 5 250 5 250 5 250 5 250 5 1250 25

Madurai 100 2 40 1 50 1 50 1 150 3 390 8

Salem 50 1 51 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 101 2

Thiruvallur 200 4 200 4 200 4 200 4 200 4 1000 20

Thiruvallur 50 1 50 1 50 1 50 1 50 1 250 5

Thoothukudi 100 2 100 2 100 2 100 2 100 2 500 10

Vellore 50 1 50 1 50 1 53 1 66 1 269 5

Virudhunagar 20 0 26 1 6 0 100 2 0 0 152 3

Sub total 820 16 767 15 706 14 803 16 816 16 3912 78

Tree climbers @ Rs 6000/unit

Coimbatore 250 15 0 0 0 0 250 15

Dindigul 250 15 250 15 250 15 250 15 250 15 1250 75

Karur 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 40 2

Namakkal 150 9 150 9 150 9 150 9 150 9 750 45


Tiruppur 175 11 175 11 175 11 175 11 175 11 875 53

Villupuram 225 14 225 14 225 14 225 14 225 14 1125 68

Virudhunagar 150 9 150 9 150 9 150 9 150 9 750 45

Sub total 1508 90 1258 75 1258 75 1258 75 1258 75 6540 392

67


Table 3.10 Promotion of Agricultural Implements and Machinery for Farm and Post-Harvest Operations (Contd.,)

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Battery operated sprayers @ Rs. 25,000 /unit

Coimbatore 125 31 125 31 125 31 125 31 125 31 625 156

Erode 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 500 125

Thiruvallur 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 500 125

Thoothukudi 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 500 125

Vellore 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 3 1 5 1

Sub total 425 106 425 106 425 106 427 107 428 107 2130 533

Power tiller @ Rs 1.85 lakhs/unit

Coimbatore 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 4 7 12 22

Cuddalore 75 139 75 139 100 185 75 139 100 185 425 786

Karur 6 11 6 11 6 11 6 11 6 11 30 56

Madurai 42 78 42 78 42 78 42 78 42 78 210 389

Nagapattinam 60 111 60 111 75 139 75 139 60 111 330 611

Perambalur 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 15 28

Ramanathapuram 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 20 37

Salem 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 25 46

Thanjavur 20 37 25 46 30 56 35 65 40 74 150 278

Thiruvallur 15 28 15 28 15 28 15 28 15 28 75 139

Tiruvarur 50 93 50 93 50 93 50 93 50 93 250 463

Tiruppur 13 24 13 24 13 24 13 24 13 24 65 120

Vellore 7 13 7 13 7 13 7 13 13 24 41 76

Villupuram 125 231 125 231 125 231 125 231 125 231 625 1156

Virudhunagar 4 7 0 0 0 0 30 56 0 0 34 63

Sub total 431 797 432 799 477 882 487 901 480 888 2307 4268

Transplanter @ Rs 20 lakhs/unit

Cuddalore 10 200 10 200 10 200 10 200 10 200 50 1000

Karur 3 60 3 60 3 60 3 60 3 60 15 300

Madurai 7 140 7 140 7 140 7 140 7 140 35 700

Nagapattinam 8 160 8 160 8 160 8 160 8 160 40 800

Perambalur 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 5 100

68



(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Thanjavur 5 100 5 100 5 100 5 100 5 100 25 500

Theni 10 200 10 200 10 200 10 200 10 200 50 1000

Tiruvarur 5 100 5 100 5 100 5 100 5 100 25 500

Thoothukudi 5 100 5 100 5 100 5 100 5 100 25 500

Villupuram 15 300 15 300 15 300 15 300 15 300 75 1500

Sub total 69 1380 69 1380 69 1380 69 1380 69 1380 345 6900

Power weeder @ Rs 58,000/unit

Cuddalore 100 58 100 58 100 58 100 58 100 58 500 290

Karur 28 16 28 16 28 16 28 16 28 16 140 81

Pudukkottai 25 15 25 15 25 15 25 15 25 15 125 73

Salem 40 23 40 23 40 23 40 23 40 23 200 116

Thanjavur 20 12 20 12 20 12 20 12 20 12 100 58

The Nilgiris 25 15 25 15 25 15 25 15 25 15 125 73

Thiruvallur 50 29 50 29 50 29 50 29 50 29 250 145

Thoothukudi 20 12 20 12 20 12 20 12 20 12 100 58

Trichy 28 16 28 16 28 16 28 16 28 16 140 81

Virudhunagar 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15

Sub total 361 209 336 195 336 195 336 195 336 195 1705 989

Cono weeder @ Rs 1500/unit

Dharmapuri 750 11 750 11 1000 15 750 11 750 11 4000 60

Krishnagiri 500 8 500 8 250 4 250 4 500 8 2000 30

Madurai 350 5 150 2 250 4 100 2 175 3 1025 15

Nagapattinam 75 1 75 1 75 1 75 1 75 1 375 6

Pudukkottai 1025 15 975 15 650 10 250 4 650 10 3550 53

Salem 440 7 440 7 400 6 400 6 400 6 2080 31

Vellore 320 5 320 5 320 5 320 5 320 5 1600 24

Sub total 3460 52 3210 48 2945 44 2145 32 2870 43 14630 219

Seed drill @ Rs 15000/unit

Cuddalore 40 6 45 7 50 8 55 8 60 9 250 38

Karur 18 3 18 7 18 7 17 7 18 7 89 31

Krishnagiri 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 25 4

Nagapattinam 50 8 50 38 50 38 50 38 50 38 250 158

69



(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Pudukkottai 10 2 10 8 10 8 10 8 10 8 50 32

Ramanathapuram 15 2 15 11 15 11 15 11 15 11 75 45

Salem 115 17 121 84 100 75 100 75 100 75 536 326

Tiruvarur 50 8 50 38 50 38 50 38 50 38 250 158

Vellore 50 8 50 38 50 38 50 38 70 50 270 170

Virudhunagar 10 2 8 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 19 5

Sub total 363 54 372 232 349 222 352 222 378 235 1814 965

Seed cum fertilizer drill @ Rs 1.2 lakhs/unit

Salem 20 24 20 24 20 24 20 24 20 24 100 120

Vellore 0 0 5 1 5 1 45 11 32 8 87 22

Sub total 20 24 25 25 25 25 65 35 52 32 187 142

Combined harvester for millets @ Rs 20 lakhs/unit

Cuddalore 2 40 2 40 2 40 2 40 2 40 10 200

Karur 5 100 5 100 5 100 5 100 5 100 25 500

Nagapattinam 7 140 7 140 7 140 7 140 7 140 35 700

Pudukkottai 5 100 5 100 5 100 5 100 5 100 25 500

Ramnad 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 5 100

Theni 20 400 20 400 20 400 20 400 20 400 100 2000

Thoothukudi 4 80 4 80 4 80 4 80 4 80 20 400

Vellore 2 40 2 40 2 40 2 40 2 40 10 200

Sub total 46 920 46 920 46 920 46 920 46 920 230 4600

Groundnut harvester @ Rs.4 lakh/unit

Cuddalore 18 72 20 80 25 100 30 120 50 200 143 572

Krishnagiri 1 4 0 0 0 0 1 4 1 4 3 12

Salem 2 8 2 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 16

Sub total 21 84 22 88 25 100 31 124 51 204 150 600

Groundnut stripper @ Rs.40,000/unit

Karur 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 40 16

Krishnagiri 5 2 0 0 0 0 5 2 5 2 15 6

Salem 5 2 5 2 0 0 5 0 0 0 15 4

Vellore 11 4 10 4 10 4 10 4 10 4 51 20

Sub total 29 12 23 9 18 7 28 10 23 9 121 47

70



(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Castor Sheller @ Rs.100000 /unit

Salem 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 10 10

Chip cutter @ Rs.1000/unit

Erode 200 2 200 2 200 2 200 2 200 2 1000 10

Karur 20 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 100 1

Sub total 220 2 220 2 220 2 220 2 220 2 1100 11

Rotavator @ Rs 95,000/unit

Dharmapuri 75 71 75 71 125 119 50 48 75 71 400 380

Erode 42 40 42 40 42 40 42 40 42 40 210 200

Karur 50 48 50 48 50 48 50 48 50 48 250 238

Perambalur 50 48 50 48 50 48 50 48 50 48 250 238

Ramanathapuram 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 25 24

Salem 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 50 48

Thanjavur 20 19 20 19 20 19 20 19 20 19 100 95

Thiruvallur 100 95 100 95 100 95 100 95 100 95 500 475

Tiruvarur 200 190 200 190 200 190 200 190 200 190 1000 950

Thoothukudi 100 95 100 95 100 95 100 95 100 95 500 475

Tiruppur 30 29 30 29 30 29 30 29 30 29 150 143

Vellore 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 3 3 13 12

Villupuram 300 285 300 285 300 285 300 285 300 285 1500 1425

Virudhunagar 9 9 8 8 11 10 122 116 0 0 150 143

Sub total 993 943 992 942 1045 993 1083 1029 985 936 5098 4843

Rotoslasher @ Rs 1,50 lakh /unit

Perambalur 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 20 30

Power thrasher @ Rs 50,000/unit

Perambalur 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 60 30

Trichy 56 28 56 28 56 28 56 28 56 28 280 140

Vellore 0 8 4 8 4

Sub total 68 34 68 34 68 34 68 34 76 38 348 174

71



(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Machine transplanter @ Rs. 15 lakhs/unit

Erode 3 45 3 45 3 45 3 45 3 45 15 225

Bund trimmer @ Rs 40,000/unit

Karur 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 25 10

Laser Leveller @ Rs 4 lakhs/unit

Karur 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 5 20

Madurai 10 40 10 40 10 40 10 40 10 40 50 200

Sub total 11 44 11 44 11 44 11 44 11 44 55 220

Automatic Nursery raising machine @ Rs 2 lakhs/unit

Pudukkottai 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 25 50

Salem 50 100 50 100 50 100 50 100 50 100 250 500

Sub total 55 110 55 110 55 110 55 110 55 110 275 550

Baler @ Rs 2 lakhs/unit Karur 20 40 20 40 20 40 20 40 20 40 100 200

Mini tractor @ Rs 4.5 lakhs/unit

Karur 8 36 8 36 8 36 8 36 8 36 40 180

Tiruvarur 150 675 150 675 150 675 150 675 150 675 750 3375

Vellore 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 2 9 6 27

Villupuram 10 45 10 45 10 45 10 45 10 45 50 225

Sub total 169 761 169 761 169 761 169 761 170 765 846 3807

Promotion of custom hiring of farm machineries through SC/ST Farmer group


Cuddalore 1 20 1 20

Dharmapuri 1 12 1 12

Dindigul 1 20 1 20

Erode 1 21 1 21

Karur 1 12 1 12


Namakkal 1 23 1 23

Perambalur 1 6 1 6

Pudukkottai 1 20 1 20

Salem 1 32 1 32

Sivagangai 1 18 1 18

Theni 1 12 1 12

Thiruvallur 1 21 1 21

72



(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Thiruvannamalai 1 27 1 27

Tiruvarur 1 15 1 15

Thoothukudi 1 18 1 18

Tirunelveli 1 29 1 29

Tiruppur 1 20 1 20

Trichy 1 21 1 21

Vellore 2 30 2 30

Villupuram 2 32 2 32

Virudhunagar 1 17 1 17

Sub total 25 462 0 0 0 0 0 462

Solar pump sets @ Rs. 5 lakhs / unit, 5 hp motor

Erode 10 50 10 50 10 50 10 50 10 50 50 250

Karur 16 80 16 80 16 80 16 80 16 80 80 400

Salem 200 1000 200 1000 200 1000 200 1000 200 1000 1000 5000

Tiruvarur 100 500 100 500 100 500 100 500 100 500 500 2500

Virudhunagar 2 10 50 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 52 260

Sub total 328 1640 376 1880 326 1630 326 1630 326 1630 1682 8410

Protrays @ Rs 50/no @ 150 nos/ha

Kancheepuram 15000 8 15000 8 15000 8 15000 8 15000 8 75000 38

Kanyakumari 30 2 30 2 30 2 30 2 30 2 150 11

Karur 50 13 50 13 50 13 50 13 50 13 250 63

Salem 50000 25 50000 25 50000 25 50000 25 50000 25 250000 125

Sub total 65080 47 65080 47 65080 47 65080 47 65080 47 325400 236

Solar copra driers /driers @ Rs 6 lakhs/unit

Coimbatore 40 248 40 240 40 240 40 240 40 240 200 1208

Dindigul 20 122 20 120 20 120 20 120 20 120 100 602

Erode 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6

Thanjavur 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6


Tiruppur 2 12 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 6 36

Villupuram 2 12 2 12 2 12 2 12 2 12 10 60

Virudhunagar 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 5 30

Sub total 69 423 66 396 66 396 66 396 66 396 333 2007

73



(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Coconut shredder @

Rs 0.75

lakhs/unit

Coimbatore 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 25 19

Dindigul 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 10 8

Thoothukudi 50 38 50 38 50 38 50 38 50 38 250 188

Sub total 57 44 57 44 57 44 57 44 57 44 285 220

Seed winnower Tiruvarur 5 4 5 0 5 4 5 4 5 4 25 16

Cotton plucker @ Rs 6000/unit

Cuddalore 27 2 30 2 40 2 50 3 55 3 202 12

Namakkal 200 12 200 12 200 12 200 12 200 12 1000 60

Salem 25 2 0 0 0 0 25 2

Virudhunagar 5 0 0 0 0 0 5 0

Sub total 262 20 235 14 245 18 255 19 260 19 1257 90

Grand total 8516 8402 8284 8363 8369 41933

74


Table 3.11 Consolidated Budget for Infrastructure Requirements in Agriculture Sector

(₹ in lakhs)

S. No. Components Year

Total I II III IV V

1 Infrastructure Facilities for

Production of Planting

Materials

45 20 20 25 15 125


Seed Processing

2651 100 100 100 100 3051


Seed Quality Maintenance

60 0 60 60 120 300

4 Infrastructure for Production of

Organic Manure

1226 371 354 145 149 2243

5 Establishment of Laboratories 938 150 262 75 1607 3032

6 Infrastructure for Agricultural

Research and Development

2041 786 306 231 6289 9653

7 Infrastructure to Strengthen

Extension Activities

1275 997 771 690 1307 5039

8 Infrastructure for Post-Harvest

Management

357 298 294 298 298 1544

9 Propagation of Drip / Micro

Irrigation

2360 2360 2365 2396 2397 11878

10 Promotion of Agricultural

Implements and Machinery for

Farm and Post-Harvest

Operations

8516 8402 8284 8363 8369 41933

Grand total 19468 13483 12815 12382 20650 78798

75


3.2 Infrastructure Requirement in Horticulture Sector

3.2.1 Production of planting materials

Tamil Nadu is endowed with wide range of agro-climatic conditions and has good

potential for growing a wide range of horticultural crops such as fruits, vegetables, potato,

tropical tuber crops and mushrooms, ornamental crops; medicinal and aromatic plants, spices

and plantation crops like coconut, cashew nut, cocoa, etc. The Government identified

horticulture crops as a means of diversification for making horticulture more profitable through

efficient land use, optimum utilization of natural resources and creating skilled employment for

rural masses, especially women folk is rewarding. Changes in food habits increase in per capita

income and quality life style has accelerated the demand for diversified horticultural

commodities. The single dominant factor which would contribute to rise in production of

horticulture crop is availability of quality planting material of improved cultivars. Plant

propagation techniques and practices to be followed is the core of horticulture nurseries. The

planting materials for horticultural plantations are raised from seeds and vegetative parts. Thus

establishment of nursery is proposed for production of planting materials with an outlay budget

of Rs. 601 lakhs in the State. The district wise physical and financial requirement for quality

planting material is presented in Table 3.12.

3.2.2 Promotion of protection cultivation in horticultural crops

Looking to the increasing population, climate change, decreasing land holdings,

increasing pressure on natural resources i.e. land and water and high demand of quality

horticultural fresh produce, there exist pressure to shift towards modern technologies of crop

production like protected cultivation. Promotion of protected cultivation will certainly help in

creation of huge self-employments for youths and will also raise the national economy by sale of

high quality produce in domestic and international markets. Under the new era of WTO (World

Trade Organization), these kinds of models posses high potential for enhancing the income of

farmers opting for quality and off-season vegetable and cut flower cultivation under protected

conditions. Production of vegetable and cut flower crops under protected conditions not only

provides high water and nutrient use efficiency but also increases the productivity of crops by

3-5 folds over any open field cultivation practiced under varied agro climatic conditions. This

technology / practice has very good potential especially in urban areas adjoining to the major

cities as there is a fast growing market for fresh produce of the country. Shade net houses,

green houses and naturally ventilated system are proposed interventions for promotion of

protection cultivation with budget outlay of Rs. 14,720 lakhs (Table 3.13).

76


Table 3.12 Production of Planting Materials (₹ in lakhs)

Components Unit cost Districts

Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishment of Nursery / Upgrading infrastructure

Rs 5 lakhs/ unit

Ariyalur 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 1 5

Coimbatore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 35 7 35

Dharmapuri 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5

Dindigul, Sandhiyur 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5

Dindigul, Sirumalai 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 1 5

Dindigul, Reddiarchatram

1 5 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 2 10

Dindigul - upgrading 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 1 5

Krishnagiri 0 0 2 10 0 0 2 10

Namakkal 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 10 0 0 2 10

Perambalur 0 0 0 0 12 60 12 60

Pudukkottai 4 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 20

Salem 0 0 5 25 7 35 0 0 0 0 12 60

Sivagangai 4 20 6 30 3 16 4 20 0 0 17 86

Thanjavur 0 0 1 5 5 25 0 0 0 0 6 30

The Nilgiris 1 5 0 0 10 50 0 0 3 15 14 70

Theni 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 1 5

Tiruppur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 50 10 50

Trichy 1 5 0 1 5 0 0 2 10

Vellore 0 2 10 0 0 0 2 10

Villupuram 12 60 2 10 3 15 0 0 5 25 22 110

Grand total 23 115 18 90 36 181 6 30 37 185 120 601

77


Table 3.13 Promotion of Protection Cultivation in Horticultural Crops (₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Shade net house @ Rs 0.00355 lakh/sq.m

Ariyalur 0 0 4000 14 470 2 4000 14 9000 32 17470 62

Coimbatore 0 0 0 0 0 0 1500 5 2030 7 3530 12

Cuddalore 0 3000 11 0 2000 7 0 5000 18

Dharmapuri 3000 11 5000 18 1000 4 51000 181 5030 18 65030 232

Dindigul 2500 9 0 0 4000 14 22000 78 20000 71 48500 172

Erode 60 0 2400 9 500 2 10000 36 20000 71 32960 118

Kancheepuram 0 0 3400 12 3000 11 3000 11 7000 25 16400 59

Karur 0 42000 149 15000 53 20500 73 0 77500 275

Madurai 0 1600 6 0 5000 18 5000 18 11600 42

Nagapattinam 0 0 0 0 0 0 2000 7 0 0 2000 7

Namakkal 0 0 5000 18 2500 9 0 0 10000 36 17500 63

Perambalur 0 1500 5 0 5000 18 10000 36 16500 59

Pudukkottai 0 0 0 0 0 0 15000 53 20000 71 35000 124

Salem 0 0 2000 7 500 2 12000 43 20030 71 34530 123

Sivagangai 0 0 0 0 9000 32 14000 50 30000 107 53000 189

Thanjavur 0 0 2000 7 0 2000 7 3000 11 7000 25

The Nilgiris 20000 71 5000 18 5000 18 11000 39 10000 36 51000 182

Theni 0 0 1256 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1256 4

Thiruvallur 0 0 2000 7 0 8500 30 10500 37


Tirunelveli 0 0 4500 16 20 0 10000 36 15000 53 29520 105

Tiruppur 0 0 3000 11 0 8001 28 5124 18 16125 57

Trichy 104 0 115 0 104 0 1525 5 30004 107 31852 112

78


Table 3.13 Promotion of Protection Cultivation in Horticultural Crops (Contd.,) (₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Thoothukudi 0 0 0 0 1500 5 0 0 0 0 1500 5

Vellore 0 0 11524 41 5138 18 20111 71 20000 71 56773 201

Villupuram 20 0 0 0 0 0 350 1 480 2 850 3

Virudhunagar 2 0 5000 18 1000 4 0 0 0 6002 22

Sub total 25686 91 105295 375 56732 202 304488 1081 270198 962 762399 2711

Green house @ Rs 0.00468 lakhs/sq.m

Coimbatore 8000 37 14000 66 13000 61 17000 80 20000 94 72000 338

Dharmapuri 20000 94 20000 94 30000 140 30000 140 30000 140 130000 608

Dindigul 0 0 20000 94 12000 56 51750 242 26000 122 109750 514

Erode 0 0 2000 9 3000 14 2000 9 7000 32

Kancheepuram 0 0 2000 9 2000 9 3000 14 5000 23 12000 55

Karur 181100 848 272500 1275 308750 1445 509900 2386 350000 1638 1622250 7592

Madurai 1000 5 4000 19 1500 7 7500 35 5000 23 19000 89

Nagapattinam 0 0 0 0 0 0 11000 51 0 0 11000 51

Namakkal 0 0 6000 28 12900 60 0 18900 88

Pudukkottai 20000 94 4000 19 5000 23 10000 47 7000 33 46000 216

Salem 0 0 4000 19 2000 9 9500 44 5000 23 20500 95

Sivagangai 1000 5 0 0 0 0 9000 42 10000 47 20000 94

Thanjavur 0 0 0 0 0 0 4000 19 3000 14 7000 33

The Nilgiris 18000 84 3000 14 39000 183 69750 326 20000 94 149750 701

Theni 0 0 0 0 0 0 8000 37 15000 70 23000 107

Thiruvallur 0 0 0 5000 23 0 2000 9 7000 32


Tirunelveli 0 0 0 0 0 6000 28 15000 70 21000 98

Trichy 0 0 0 10 0 4000 19 4010 19

Thoothukudi 0 0 0 0 7000 33 0 0 0 0 7000 32

79


Table 3.13 Promotion of Protection Cultivation in Horticultural Crops (Contd.,)

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Vellore 0 0 13000 61 8000 37 11000 51 10000 47 42000 196

Villupuram 2000 9 4500 21 3000 14 8000 37 12000 56 29500 137

Virudhunagar 0 0 0 0 0 0 6500 30 0 6500 30

Sub total 251100 1176 365000 1710 456250 2133 799810 3739 591000 2765 2463160 11523

Naturally ventilated system @ Rs 9.3 lakh/unit

Coimbatore 0 0 2 19 2 19 2 19 0 0 6 57

Dindigul 10 93 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 93

Theni 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 47 5 47 10 94

Tiruppur 4 37 4 37 4 37 4 37 4 37 20 185

Trichy 0 2 19 2 19 2 19 0 6 57

Sub total 14 130 8 75 8 75 13 122 9 84 52 486

Grand total 1397 2160 2410 4942 3811 14720

80


3.2.3 Improvement in post-harvest handling and promotion of storage structures

Appropriate postharvest handling and storage structure can reduce wastages in fruit and

vegetable crops and thus improve the income by at least 30 per cent to small holder farmers

and marketers; improved container reduces the mechanical damage of horticultural crops

(plastic crates, liners in rough containers, smaller packages);shade reduces water loss (cloth,

woven net or thatch shade structures, market umbrellas); field packing improves quality (sorting,

trimming, quality grading and packing in the field); low cost cooling practices maintain quality

and extend postharvest life; field curing extends storage life and maintains quality of root, tuber

and bulb crops; low cost cold storage structures for successful longer term storage of potatoes

and onions; solar drying transforms perishables into more stable processed food products;

village scale canning, bottling and pickling to transform perishables into more stable products,

etc. Low cost onion storage structure, cold storage, pack house, integrated pack house, pre

cooling unit, drying shed and storage godowns are to be provided with budget outlay of

Rs. 3,574 lakhs to improve the post-harvest handling and promotion of the storage structures.

The physical and financial requirement across the State is shown in Table 3.14.

3.2.4 Strengthening facilities for marketing of horticultural produces

The agricultural sector needs well functioning markets to drive growth, employment and

economic prosperity in rural areas. Due to globalization, liberalization and privatization of the

economy, marketing has become the key driver. Though farmers have succeeded in the

production front, they are yet to be satisfied in terms of price realization for their produce owing

to their inaccessibility to efficient and scientific marketing system. The middlemen, commission

agents and traders are depriving them of their due share of profit. An efficient and organized

marketing system would ensure the maximum price realization to the farmers, which will induce

them to produce more and market their produce in an increasing proportion. Presently,

marketing system (including collection, handling, storage, transport, processing, wholesaling,

retailing, exports and associated infrastructure and support services) is fragmented and is

uncoordinated, with inadequate infrastructure and supply chains involving high wastage and

losses. As a result, the producer gets about only 30-40 per cent of final price, as compared to

around 60 per cent in advanced countries.

Even an additional margin of three per cent in final price translates into 10 per cent

increase in net income of the farmers and that itself is a powerful incentive to invest in

horticulture. But, this requires cutting down of the long chain of intermediaries, which can

81


happen only with improved market access by farmers, interconnected markets, efficient supply

chain and a robust marketing information system. Most of the farmers in the State are small and

marginal farmers, often lacking the ability to produce enough marketable surplus for larger and

remunerative markets. Hence, vegetable retail outlet and collection centre is proposed for

strengthening of market facilities with a budget outlay of Rs. 680 lakhs. The physical and

financial requirement for establishment/strengthening facilities for marketing of horticultural

produces is depicted in Table 3.15.


Manures are plant and animal wastes that are used as sources of plant nutrients.

They release nutrients after their decomposition. Manures are the organic materials derived

from animal, human and plant residues which contain plant nutrients in complex organic forms.

Major sources of manures are cattle shed wastes-dung, urine and slurry from biogas plants,

human habitation wastes-night soil, human urine, town refuse, sewage, sludge, poultry litter,

droppings of sheep and goat, slaughterhouse wastes-bone meal, meat meal, blood meal, horn

and hoof meal, fish wastes, byproducts of agro industries-oil cakes, bagasse and press mud,

fruit and vegetable processing wastes etc, crop wastes-sugarcane trash, stubbles and other

related material, water hyacinth, weeds and tank silt, and green manure crops and green leaf

manuring material. Manure and compost not only supply many nutrients for crop production,

including micronutrients, but they are also valuable sources of organic matter. Increasing soil

organic matter improves soil structure or tilth, increases the water-holding capacity of coarse-

textured sandy soils, improves drainage in fine-textured clay soils, provides a source of slow

release nutrients, reduces wind and water erosion and promotes growth of earthworms and

other beneficial soil organisms. Most vegetable crops return small amounts of crop residue to

the soil, so manure, compost, and other organic amendments help maintain soil organic matter

levels. Vermicomposting is proposed with budget outlay of Rs. 1,859 lakhs. The physical and

financial requirement of promotion of protected cultivation is depicted in Table 3.16.

82


Table 3.14 Improvement in Post-Harvest Handling and Promotion of Storage Structures

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Low cost onion storage structure @ Rs 0.875 lakh/unit

Ariyalur 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 4 10 9 15 13

Coimbatore 0 0 0 0 3 3 18 16 14 12 35 31

Cuddalore 0 0 0 5 4 5 4 10 8

Dindigul 0 0 0 0 11 10 10 9 17 15 38 34

Erode 0 10 9 0 5 4 20 18 35 31

Madurai 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 5 5

Perambalur 0 0 0 13 11 55 48 216 189 284 248

Salem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 3

Sivagangai 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 4 27 24 32 28

Tirunelveli 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 9 15 13 25 22

Tiruppur 0 0 10 9 13 11 20 18 20 18 63 56

Trichy 0 0 13 11 10 9 61 53 84 73

Sub total 1 1 20 18 53 46 143 125 412 362 629 552

Cold storage Type 2 5000 MT (Rs 8000 /MT) @ Rs 40 lakhs/unit

Dharmapuri 0 0 2 80 0 0 0 0 1 40 3 120

Krishnagiri 1 40 1 40 1 40 1 40 1 40 5 200

Pudukkottai 0 0 0 0 1 40 2 80 0 0 3 120

Tiruppur 2 80 1 40 1 40 1 40 0 5 200

Dindigul 1 40 0 0 0 0 1 40 1 40 3 120

Salem 1 40 1 40 1 40 1 40 1 40 5 200

Sub total 5 200 5 200 4 160 6 240 4 160 24 960

Pack house (9 x 6 m) @ Rs 4.0 lakhs unit

Ariyalur 0 0 0 0 6 24 2 8 6 24 14 56

Coimbatore 0 0 0 0 5 20 3 12 6 24 14 56

Cuddalore 5 20 0 0 0 0 5 20

Dharmapuri 5 20 5 20 5 20 5 20 5 20 25 100

83


Table 3.14 Improvement in Post-Harvest Handling and Promotion of Storage Structures (Contd.,)

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Dindigul 0 0 1 4 10 40 7 28 12 48 30 120

Erode 0 0 0 5 20 15 60 20 80

Kanyakumari 3 12 7 28 2 8 3 12 3 12 18 72

Krishnagiri 0 0 0 0 20 80 20 80

Madurai 0 0 1 4 3 12 5 20 9 36

Perambalur 5 20 0 0 1 4 2 8 8 32

Pudukkottai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 1 4

Salem 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 2 8 4 16

Sivagangai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 24 6 24

The Nilgiris 2 8 0 0 0 0 2 8

Theni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 20 5 20

Tirunelveli 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 20 12 48 17 68

Tiruppur 0 0 2 8 6 24 1 4 5 20 14 56

Trichy 2 8 3 12 4 16 3 12 2 8 14 56

Vellore 0 0 5 20 0 0 5 20

Villupuram 24 96 13 52 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 148

Sub total 46 184 31 124 44 176 40 160 107 428 268 1072

Integrated pack house @ Rs 10 lakhs/unit

Coimbatore 0 0 1 10 1 10

Erode 0 1 10 1 10

Madurai 0 1 10 1 10

Tirunelveli 0 0 1 10 1 10

Tiruppur 3 30 1 10 4 40

Trichy 0 1 10 1 10

Sub total 3 30 6 60 9 90

84


Table 3.14 Improvement in Post-Harvest Handling and Promotion of Storage Structures (Contd.,)

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Pre-cooling unit @

Rs 25 lakhs/unit

The Nilgiris 0 0 1 25 1 25

Tiruppur 2 50 2 50

Sub total 2 50 1 25 3 75

Drying sheds @ Rs 5

lakh/unit


Storage godowns @

@ Rs 25 lakhs/unit

Pudukkottai 5 125 5 125 5 125 5 125 5 125 25 625

Grand total 710 467 587 675 1135 3574

85


Table 3.15 Strengthening Facilities for Marketing of Horticultural Produces

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Vegetable retail outlet @ Rs 4.0 lakhs/ unit

Ariyalur 0 0 5 20 0 0 0 0 5 20

Dindigul 10 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 40

Erode 0 15 60 0 0 15 60

Madurai 0 0 1 4 0 1 4

Perambalur 0 0 10 40 0 10 40

Sivagangai 5 20 0 0 0 0 11 44 16 64

Tiruppur 5 20 0 0 0 5 20

Trichy 0 15 60 1 4 15 60 31 124

Virudhunagar 2 8 0 0 0 2 8

Sub total 22 88 35 140 12 48 26 104 95 380

Collection centers @ Rs 4.0 lakhs/unit

Ariyalur 0 0 2 8 0 0 0 0 2 8

Coimbatore 0 0 1 4 1 4 0 0 2 8

Dindigul 4 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 16

Madurai 0 0 1 4 0 1 4

Perambalur 0 0 2 8 0 2 8

Sivagangai 6 24 0 0 0 0 4 16 10 40

Tiruppur 2 8 0 0 0 2 8

Trichy 0 50 200 0 2 8 52 208

Sub total 12 48 53 212 4 16 6 24 75 300

Grand total 136 352 64 128 680

86


Table 3.16 Production of Organic Manure

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Vermi compost /Vermi beds @ Rs 50,000/unit

Ariyalur 10 5 10 5 27 14 0 0 36 18 83 42

Coimbatore 11 6 17 9 12 6 19 10 25 13 84 44

Cuddalore 2 1 18 9 0 0 30 15 50 25

Dharmapuri 50 25 45 23 55 28 8 4 35 18 193 98

Dindigul 106 53 10 5 10 5 0 0 2 1 128 64

Erode 0 0 20 10 15 8 0 30 15 65 33

Kancheepuram 0 0 0 0 4 2 29 15 2 1 35 18

Kanyakumari 4 2 20 10 40 20 0 0 50 25 114 57

Karur 0 0 8 4 0 0 0 0 20 10 28 14

Krishnagiri 75 38 20 10 125 63 0 30 15 250 126

Madurai 10 5 20 10 14 7 0 10 5 54 27

Nagapattinam 33 17 0 0 27 14 17 9 56 28 133 68

Namakkal 0 0 19 10 110 55 0 0 0 0 129 65

Perambalur 1 1 16 8 24 12 0 67 34 108 55

Pudukkottai 0 0 50 25 100 50 0 0 0 0 150 75

87


Table 3.16 Production of Organic Manure (Contd.,) (₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Ramanathapuram 5 3 12 6 20 10 0 0 22 11 59 30

Salem 45 23 59 30 15 8 0 0 25 13 144 74

Sivagangai 6 3 20 10 55 28 0 0 73 37 154 78

Thanjavur 89 45 35 18 37 19 0 0 66 33 227 115

The Nilgiris 25 13 28 14 0 0 0 0 25 13 78 40

Theni 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 2 0 0 15 7

Tiruvarur 0 0 0 0 105 53 105 53

Thiruvallur 0 0 37 19 0 0 90 45 127 64


Tirunelveli 11 6 3 2 25 13 0 0 45 23 84 44

Tiruppur 3 2 57 29 13 7 19 10 60 30 152 78

Trichy 11 6 8 4 30 15 0 15 8 64 33

Thoothukudi 0 0 0 0 19 10 19 10

Vellore 51 26 102 51 129 65 0 0 92 46 374 188

Villupuram 85 43 60 30 63 32 47 24 89 45 344 174

Grand total 633 323 679 343 997 505 144 74 1217 614 3670 1859

88


3.2.6 Strengthening extension activities

Extension activities address the critical horticulture crops growers' needs amidst the

following trends; growing interest in locally produced fresh, healthy and safe foods, greater

sensitivity to environmental impacts of agriculture, more direct marketing of produce, season

extension through protected horticultural structures and a surge in use of electronic and

social media. It gives the opportunities for producers to grow fruits, vegetables, herbs and

ornamentals to enhance their profitability and extend growth seasons capacity. This has

given rise to particular interest to the ever increasing farm horticulture technologies,

including high tunnel production, interest in transitioning to organic farming increased

resurgence of backyard vegetable gardens, dooryard fruit trees, community gardens and

green urbanism (orchards, atriums, window boxes, green walls and green roofs). The major

interventions for strengthening extension activities are new Horticulture Information &

Training Center in 14 districts, Maintenance of Semmozhi Poonga in Kancheepuram,

Establishment of Palai park in Ramanathapuram, Establishment of new gardens (Govt.

Botanical Garden) in Yercaud, Salem, Gene Bank development in Kanyakumari,

Construction of Deputy Director of Horticulture Office in Sivagangai, Strengthening of

nursery, Establishment of commercial orchards (Guava, Papaya and Community orchards),

Establishment of cashew plantations in Cuddalore, Renovation of Deputy Director of

Horticulture Office in Thanjavur, Sim's park, Government Botanical Garden, Government

Rose Garden and Tea Park in The Nilgiris, Establishment of flower gardens in Theni,

Development / maintenance of ECO park in Tirunelveli and Establishment of Permanent

structure for organic farming in Pudukkottai with an outlay of Rs. 6,206 lakhs (Table 3.17).

3.2.7 Infrastructure for horticultural research and development

Strengthening of research stations in Cuddalore, Centre of Excellence for vegetables

in Reddiarchatram, Dindigul, Centre of Excellence for Turmeric in Erode, Centre of

Excellence for cut flowers in Krishnagiri, Centre of Excellence for Jasmine in Madurai,

Pomological station in The Nilgiris, Centre of Excellence for fruit crops in Trichy are the

major components and infrastructure proposed interventions for horticulture research

development with the total budget outlay of Rs. 4,262 lakhs. The physical and financial

requirement for horticulture research and development is depicted in Table 3.18.

89


Table 3.17 Strengthening Extension Activities

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishment of new Horticulture Information & Training Center

Ariyalur 1 60 1 60

Cuddalore 16 30 10 0 56

Erode 30 30 161 161 191 191

Kancheepuram 1 55 1 55

Krishnagiri 1 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 60

Nagapattinam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 450 5 450

Namakkal 0 0 0 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 75

Pudukkottai 1 60 0 0 1 45 0 0 0 0 2 105

The Nilgiris 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 0 0 2 4


Tirunelveli 0 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60

Trichy 1 50 1 50


Virudhunagar 1 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 60

Sub total 7 440 31 171 162 206 2 34 5 460 207 1311

Maintenance of Semmozhi Poonga Chennai

Kancheepuram 1 306 1 371 1 361 1 546 1 437 5 2021

Establishment of Palai park

Ramanathapuram 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 16 1 23 2 39

Establishment of new gardens (Govt. Botanical Garden -Yercaud)

Salem 1 700 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 700

90


Table 3.17 Strengthening Extension Activities (Contd.,)

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishment of new gardens (Genetic Heritage Garden -Yercaud)

Salem 1 599 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 599

Gene Bank development- Karumandurai

Salem 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 50 0 0 1 50

Construction of Deputy Director of Horticulture Office

Sivagangai 1 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 65

Renovation of Deputy Director of Horticulture Office

Thanjavur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 76 43 76 43

Sim's park The Nilgiris 33 38 44 65 0 180

Government Botanical Garden

The Nilgiris 85 101 132 223 0 541

Government Rose Garden The Nilgiris 35 52 79 112 0 278

Tea Park, Doddabetta The Nilgiris 11 9 15 18 0 53

Establishment of flower gardens

Theni 55 8 77 9 55 10 0 0 20 2 207 29

Development / maintenance of ECO park

Tirunelveli 0 6 0 14 0 17 0 15 0 0 0 52

Strengthening of nursery Cuddalore - Jack 1 5 0 10 0 5 0 5 0 5 1 30

Cuddalore - Cashew 1 10 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 1 30

91


Table 3.17 Strengthening Extension Activities (Contd.,)

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishment of commercial

orchards (Guava, Papaya and

Community orchards)

Cuddalore 30 31 34 36 42 0 173

Establishment of cashew

plantations

Cuddalore 37 1 15 2 20 2 25 3 3 4 100 12

Establishment of Permanent

structure for organic farming

Pudukkottai 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

Grand total 2335 812 910 1128 1020 6206

92


Table 3.18 Infrastructure for Horticultural Research and Development

(₹ in lakhs)

Components Districts Year

I II III IV V Total

Establishment of Research stations /Centre of Excellence

Strengthening of research

stations

Cuddalore

VRS, Palur

125 5 5 0 0 135

Centre of Excellence for

vegetables in Reddiarchatram

Dindigul 1018 0 0 0 0 1018


Turmeric

Erode 500 500

Centre of Excellence for cut

flowers

Krishnagiri 13 0 1598 0 0 1611


Jasmine

Madurai 0 0 0 0 500 500

Pomological Station The Nilgiris 10 15 12 11 48

Centre of Excellence for fruit

crops

Trichy 0 450 450

Grand total 1166 20 1615 461 1000 4262

93



It is a form of irrigation that saves water and fertilizer by allowing water to drip slowly

to the roots of many different plants, either onto the soil surface or directly onto the root

zone, through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. It is done through narrow

tubes that deliver water directly to the base of the plant. Micro irrigation system is the best

for watering plants in a greenhouse. Micro sprinklers or drip irrigation equipments can be

used. Basically, the watering system should ensure that water does not fall on the leaves or

flowers as it leads to disease and scorching problems. In micro sprinkler system, water

under high pressure is forced through nozzles arranged on a supporting stand at about one

foot height. This facilitates watering at the base level of the plants. Drip and sprinkler

irrigation are proposed interventions with total budget outlay of Rs. 44,175 lakhs. The

physical and financial budget requirement of micro irrigation is presented in Table 3.19.

3.2.9 Infrastructure for water harvesting and storage

The aim of water harvesting is to collect runoff or groundwater from areas of surplus

or where it is not used, store it and make it available, where and when there is water

shortage. This results in an increase in water availability by either impeding and trapping

surface runoff and maximizing water runoff storage or trapping and harvesting sub-surface

water. Water harvesting makes more water available for domestic, livestock and agricultural

use by buffering and bridging drought spells and dry seasons through storage. Water

conveyance system, percolation and minor irrigation tanks, farm ponds and community

tanks are proposed interventions with total budget outlay of Rs. 532 lakhs. The physical and

financial budget requirement for water harvesting and storage is presented in Table 3.20.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizosphere

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizosphere

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drip_irrigation#Emitter

94


Table 3.19 Propagation of Drip / Micro Irrigation

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Drip irrigation @ Rs 44,000/ha

Ariyalur 297 131 310 136 245 108 128 56 772 340 1752 771

Coimbatore 1266 557 1057 465 288 127 1549 682 1745 768 5905 2599

Cuddalore 947 417 1348 593 716 315 870 383 870 383 4751 2091

Dharmapuri 1300 572 3581 1576 1698 747 3125 1375 2500 1100 12204 5370

Dindigul 1970 867 1997 879 449 198 1526 671 1806 795 7748 3410

Kanyakumari 95 42 80 35 140 62 6 3 70 31 391 173

Madurai 254 112 167 73 310 136 450 198 1346 592 2527 1111

Nagapattinam 1121 493 1632 718 113 50 285 125 250 110 3401 1496

Perambalur 335 147 632 278 382 168 1408 620 1432 630 4189 1843

Ramanathapuram 33 15 1 0 19 8 225 99 140 62 418 184

Salem 1960 862 1383 609 1345 592 3255 1432 7112 3129 15055 6624

Sivagangai 701 308 322 142 775 341 285 125 305 134 2388 1050

Thanjavur 194 85 140 62 166 73 2489 1095 737 324 3726 1639

The Nilgiris 1408 620 258 114 168 74 211 93 1042 458 3087 1359

Theni 2443 1075 1415 623 646 284 1243 547 1426 627 7173 3156

Tiruvarur 0 0 302 133 89 39 400 176 405 178 1196 526

Thiruvallur 359 158 172 76 218 96 693 305 281 124 1723 759


Tirunelveli 538 237 810 356 190 84 697 307 1084 477 3319 1461

Tiruppur 300 132 701 308 150 66 402 177 623 274 2176 957

95


Table 3.19 Propagation of Drip / Micro Irrigation (Cond.,)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Thoothukudi 396 174 18 8 213 94 12 5 308 136 947 417

Vellore 795 350 374 165 290 128 83 37 100 44 1642 724

Villupuram 1650 726 1391 612 459 202 937 412 1359 598 5796 2550

Virudhunagar 378 166 754 332 1325 583 821 361 0 3278 1442

Sub total 19736 8684 19554 8605 11041 4860 22749 10010 27296 12011 100376 44170

Sprinkler irrigation

@ Rs.2500/ha

Tirunelveli 0 0 0 48 1.2 32 0.80 80 2.00

Tiruppur 0 0 0 0 109 2.72 109 2.72

Sub total 0 0 0 48 1.2 141 3.52 189 4.72

Grand total 8684 8605 4860 10011 12015 44175

96


Table 3.20 Infrastructure for Water Harvesting and Storage

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Piped water conveyance system @ Rs 10,000/unit

Coimbatore 0 110 11 0 0 110 11

Dharmapuri 168 17 0 0 0 168 17

Dindigul 0 0 140 14 0 140 14

Karur 0 120 12 0 0 120 12

Namakkal 209 21 0 0 0 209 21

Perambalur 0 59 6 0 0 59 6

Ramanathapuram 0 0 123 12 0 0 0 0 123 12

Salem 0 0 120 12 0 0 0 0 120 12

Thiruvallur 0 288 29 0 0 288 29

Tiruppur 0 70 7 0 0 70 7

Vellore 0 127 13 0 0 127 13

Villupuram 160 16 249 25 300 30 300 30 1009 101

Sub total 537 54 1265 127 440 44 300 30

2543 255

Percolation and minor irrigation tanks @ Rs 5000/unit

Coimbatore 110 6 0 0 110 6

Perambalur 5 0 50 3 0 55 3

Ramanathapuram 0 0 105 5 0 0 105 5

Salem 0 0 20 1 0 0 20 1

Thiruvallur 0 291 15 0 291 15

Tiruppur 0 65 3 0 65 3

Vellore 0 0 63 3 30 2 93 5

Sub total 115 6 594 30 30 2 739 38

Farm ponds @ Rs 20,000/unit

Dindigul 130 26 0 0 0 0 130 26

Erode 0 10 2 0 0 0 10 2

97


Table 3.20 Infrastructure for Water Harvesting and Storage (Contd.,)

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Karur 15 3 0 0 0 0 15 3

Namakkal 0 0 0 10 2 0 10 2

Ramanathapuram 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 1

Trichy 5 1 0 0 0 0 5 1

Villupuram 0 0 0 0 720 144 720 144

Sub total 150 30 15 3 0 10 2 720 144 895 179

Community Tanks @

Rs 20 lakhs/unit

Tiruppur 1 20 1 20

Madurai 2 40 2 40

Sub total 3 60 0 0 0 3 60

Grand total

150

160

44

32

146

532

98


3.2.10 Distribution of agricultural implements and machinery for farm and

post-harvest operations

Post-harvest handling is the stage of crop production immediately following harvest,

including cooling, cleaning, sorting and packing. The most important goals of post-harvest

handling are keeping the product cool, to avoid moisture loss and slow down undesirable

chemical changes, and avoiding physical damage such as bruising and to delay spoilage.

Sanitation is also an important factor, to reduce the possibility of pathogens that could be

carried by fresh produce, for example, as residue from contaminated washing water. After

the field, post-harvest processing is usually continued in a packing house. In mechanized

harvesting, processing may also begin as part of the actual harvest process, with initial

cleaning and sorting performed by the harvesting machinery. Initial post-harvest storage

conditions are critical to maintain quality. The basic principles of post-harvest handling for

most crops are handled with care to avoid damage (cutting, crushing and bruising), cool

immediately and maintain in cool conditions, and cull (remove damaged items). The

proposed components are plant protection equipment‟s, vans, honey extractor, collection

vehicle, mango harvester, tapioca sett cutter, processing equipment‟s, power tiller, tractor,

power operated machines and tools for post-harvest operations in horticulture with total

budget outlay of Rs. 11,505 lakhs. The physical and financial budget requirement for

distribution of agricultural implements and machinery for farm and post-harvest operations is

presented in Table 3.21.

3.2.11 Infrastructure for post-harvest management

Infrastructural facilities are a prerequisite to carry out the multifarious activities in the

post-harvest management of horticulture crops. Fruit preservation unit in the Nilgiris, minimal

processing unit in Tiruppur and mushroom unit in Sivagangai district are proposed

interventions for infrastructure for post-harvest management with total budget outlay of

Rs. 238 lakhs. The physical and financial budget requirement for Infrastructure for post-

harvest management is presented in Table 3.22.

The total budget requirement for horticulture is Rs. 883.52 crores. The components

wise financial requirement for five years is presented in Table 3.23.

.

99


Table 3.21 Distribution of Agricultural Implements and Machinery for Farm and Post-Harvest Operations

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Plant protection equipment Ariyalur 0 0 0 0 340 6 0 0 175 4 515 10

Coimbatore 0 0 0 0 166 33 0 0 240 48 406 81

Cuddalore 200 3 50 10 250 13

Dharmapuri 95 8 95 8 85 7 85 7 95 8 455 38

Dindigul 10 1 0 0 210 4 0 0 0 0 220 5

Erode 698 22 150 5 848 27

Karur 190 4 208 5 50 2 0 0 900 19 1348 30

Krishnagiri 400 200 60 2 460 202

Madurai 0 0 0 520 13 0 150 4 670 17

Nagapattinam 388 15 405 94 27 2 370 4 0 5 1190 120

Namakkal 1008 7 161 4 150 3 1319 14

Perambalur 40 8 272 54 118 24 160 32 590 118

Ramanathapuram 0 0 0 0 242 48 0 0 155 31 397 79

Salem 115 4 20 3 73 2 50 2 258 11

Sivagangai 0 0 0 0 46 2 0 0 165 3 211 5

Thanjavur 0 0 0 0 240 5 0 0 518 6 758 11

Theni 0 0 6 1 21 4 60 12 100 28 187 45

Tiruvarur 244 49 0 0 140 28 0 0 70 14 454 91

Thiruvallur 0 1 2 2 0 141 4 141 9


Tirunelveli 28 4 20 3 110 3 0 0 300 9 458 19

Trichy 190 5 1200 45 1390 50

Vellore 10 2 3 8 72 3 0 0 213 15 298 28

Villupuram 250 5 100 2 0 0 0 0 41 21 391 28

Virudhunagar 25 4 5 6 0 2 0 0 30 12

Sub total 780 196 221 26 415 1638

100


Table 3.21 Distribution of Agricultural Implements and Machinery for Farm and Post-Harvest Operations (Contd.,)

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Reefer vans @ Rs 9 lakhs/unit Ariyalur 0 0 1 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 9

Coimbatore 0 0 2 18 3 27 3 27 0 0 8 72

Dindigul 4 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 36

Erode 2 18 0 0 0 0 2 18

Madurai 0 0 1 9 0 0 1 9

Perambalur 0 0 1 9 0 0 1 9

Sivagangai 0 0 0 0 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 9

The Nilgiris 1 9 0 0 0 0 1 9

Tiruppur 4 36 0 0 0 0 4 36

Trichy 4 36 0 0 4 36 0 8 72

Vellore 0 1 9 1 9 1 9 0 3 27

Sub total 15 135 4 36 7 63 8 72 0 34 306

Honey extractor @ Rs 8000/unit

Coimbatore 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 3 70 6 110 9

Cuddalore 0 0 0 30 2 20 2 50 4

Dharmapuri 10 1 10 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 2

Dindigul 8 1 5 0 0 0 30 2 30 2 73 5

Erode 112 9 5 0 0 30 2 65 5 212 16

Kanyakumari 250 20 875 70 935 75 830 66 1250 100 4140 331

Krishnagiri 60 5 0 0 0 0 60 5

Madurai 9 1 5 0 20 2 30 2 65 5 129 10

Ramanathapuram 0 0 0 0 60 5 40 3 40 3 140 11

Tirunelveli 0 0 10 1 30 2 0 0 120 10 160 13

Villupuram 6 0 5 0 0 0 5 0 25 2 41 2

Sub total 455 37 915 72 1045 84 1035 80 1685 135 5135 408

101



(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Collection vehicle @ Rs 4 lakhs/unit Namakkal 2 8 2 8

Processing equipment @ Rs 20,000/unit

Coimbatore 15 3 0 0 0 0 15 3

Erode 1827 365 1 0 0 0 50 10 1878 375

Namakkal 0 0 0 45 9 0 45 9

Perambalur 15 3 0 0 0 0 15 3

Salem 4606 921 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4606 921

Tiruppur 61 12 0 0 0 0 0 61 12

Villupuram 840 168 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 845 169

Sub total 1480 1 0 9 10 1500

Mango harvester @ Rs 10000/unit Trichy 100 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 1

Tapioca sett cutter @ Rs 8000/unit Coimbatore 415 33 0 0 0 0 415 33

Erode 0 266 21 0 0 0 266 21

Karur 340 27 0 0 0 0 340 27

Namakkal 0 0 0 2600 208 0 2600 208

Trichy 717 57 0 0 0 0 717 57

Vellore 132 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 132 11

Madurai 0 0 700 56 0 0 700 56

Namakkal 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0

Sub total 1606 128 266 21 700 56 2600 208 0 5172 414

102



(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Power tiller @ Rs 1.85 lakhs/unit

Ariyalur 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 37 60 111 80 148

Coimbatore 0 0 0 0 3 6 2 4 5 9 10 19

Dharmapuri 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 10 20

Dindigul 0 0 0 0 10 19 40 74 10 19 60 112

Krishnagiri 0 12 22 0 10 19 10 19 32 60

Madurai 4 7 0 0 5 9 10 19 0 0 19 35

Nagapattinam 0 0 0 0 20 37 20 37

Ramanathapuram 0 0 0 0 5 9 11 20 22 41 38 70

Salem 7 13 10 19 0 18 33 10 19 45 84

Thanjavur 0 0 0 0 5 9 18 33 20 37 43 79

The Nilgiris 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 35 20 37 39 72

Tirunelveli 0 0 0 0 18 33 40 74 58 107

Tiruppur 0 0 0 5 9 6 11 11 20 22 40

Trichy 0 0 5 9 23 43 10 19 38 71

Villupuram 0 0 0 0 110 204 0 0 70 130 180 334

Sub total 13 24 24 45 150 278 197 365 310 576 694 1288

Tractor @ Rs 4.5 lakhs/no Ariyalur 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 14 18 81 21 95

Coimbatore 0 0 0 0 1 5 10 45 6 27 17 77

Dindigul 5 23 5 23 4 18 5 23 5 23 24 110

Madurai 5 23 9 41 4 18 5 23 9 41 32 146

Ramanathapuram 0 0 0 0 9 41 5 23 5 23 19 87

Thanjavur 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 59 30 135 43 194

Tirunelveli 0 0 0 0 5 23 10 45 15 68

Tiruppur 0 0 0 3 14 9 41 4 18 16 73

Trichy 0 0 3 14 5 23 10 45 18 82

Villupuram 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 225 0 0 50 225

Sub total 10 46 14 64 24 110 110 499 97 438 255 1157

103



(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Power operated machines and tools @ Rs 1.5 lakhs/unit

Ariyalur 200 300 50 75 0 0 0 0 0 250 375

Cuddalore 22 33 41 62 4 6 5 8 60 90 132 199

Dharmapuri 71 107 261 392 252 378 22 33 118 177 724 1087

Dindigul 70 105 50 75 195 293 0 0 0 0 315 473

Erode 112 168 35 53 245 368 53 80 84 126 529 795

Karur 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 2

Madurai 51 77 60 90 0 0 0 111 167

Nagapattinam 0 0 2 3 0 0 2 3

Namakkal 25 38 0 0 0 0 25 38

Sivagangai 10 15 39 59 14 21 23 35 30 45 116 175

Thanjavur 10 15 10 15 0 0 0 0 25 38 45 68

The Nilgiris 10 15 20 30 0 0 0 0 0 30 45

Theni 27 41 26 39 8 12 34 51 25 38 120 181

Thiruvallur 0 0 0 0 50 75 50 75

Tiruppur 27 41 44 66 240 360 0 0 80 120 391 587

Trichy 10 15 20 30 0 0 0 30 45

Thoothukudi 25 38 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 9 31 47

Vellore 8 12 91 137 10 15 23 35 5 8 137 207

Villupuram 19 29 41 62 4 6 70 105 15 23 149 225

Sub total 698 1051 788 1185 974 1462 230 347 498 749 3188 4794

Grand total 3682 1620 2274 1606 2323 11505

104


Table 3.22 Infrastructure for Post-Harvest Management

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Fruit Preservation unit

@ Rs 11 lakhs/unit

The Nilgiris 1 11 1 11 1 11 1 11 0 0 4 44

Minimal processing unit

@ Rs 10 lakhs/unit

Tiruppur 0 0 0 0 13 130 0 0 13 130

Mushroom unit @ Rs

8.0 lakhs/unit


Grand total 11 11 141 11 64 238

105


Table 3.23 Consolidated Budget for Infrastructure Requirement in Horticulture Sector

(₹ in lakhs)

S.

No. Components

Year Total

I II III IV V

1 Production of Planting

Materials

115 90 181 30 185 601

2

Promotion of Protection

Cultivation in Horticultural

Crops

1397 2160 2410 4942 3811 14720

3

Improvement in Post-Harvest

Handling and Promotion of

Storage Structures

710 467 587 675 1135 3574

4

Strengthening Facilities for

Marketing of Horticultural

Produces

136 352 64 128 0 680

5 Production of Organic

Manure

323 343 505 74 614 1859

6 Strengthening Extension

Activities

2334 813 910 1128 1021 6206

7 Infrastructure for Horticultural


1166 20 1615 461 1000 4262

8 Propagation of Drip / Micro

Irrigation

8684 8605 4860 10011 12015 44175

9 Infrastructure for Water

Harvesting and Storage

150 160 44 32 146 532

10

Distribution of Agricultural

Implements and Machinery

for Farm and post-harvest

operations

3682 1620 2274 1606 2323 11505

11 Infrastructure for post-harvest

management

11 11 141 11 64 238

Grand Total 18708 14641 13591 19098 22314 88352

106


3.3 Infrastructure requirement for Agricultural Engineering Sector

3.3.1 Procurement and distribution of agricultural machinery and equipment

Agricultural Mechanization is the need of the hour to meet out the growing shortage

of labour workforce in Agriculture. It has been identified as one of the critical inputs for

increasing production in time. Cost of cultivation data shows that labour accounts for more

than 40 percentage of the variable cost in many of the crops. The labour intensive crops

need high man power requirement, which is fast depleting and posing a big challenge to

crop productivity. Agricultural labour wages are increasing at an alarming rate in some parts

of Tamil Nadu resulting in shifting from labour intensive to mechanization intensive

techniques.

As the improved agricultural implements and machinery, compared to the traditional

ones, results in increased agricultural production and at the same time reduce drudgery,

different size and shapes of machineries and equipment have been popularized for efficient

and expeditious operations under varying conditions. The farm machinery for land

preparations, land development, seeding, planting, transplanting, weeding and intercultural

operations, harvesting and threshing which are predominantly used in other parts of the

country/other countries are proposed for introduction in the farmers field in Tamil Nadu.

Distribution of farm machinery / implements to farmers with subsidy pattern

assistance will increase the farm power. All the proposed agricultural machinery /

implements will be put into use by the farmers. The acute agricultural labour scarcity will be

reduced. The benefit of agricultural mechanization is to be extended to all categories of

farmers with due consideration to small, marginal, scheduled caste, scheduled tribes and

women farmers.

The proposed Farm Implements / Equipment and Machinery will be distributed

according to demand of the farmers with 40% subsidy or the eligible subsidy prescribed by

the Government in the Sub Mission on Agricultural Mechanization guidelines whichever is

less and for other beneficiary farmers at 50% subsidy or the eligible subsidy prescribed by

the Government under scheduled caste, scheduled tribes, small, marginal and women

farmers for cultivating major crops like paddy, pulses and oil seeds, horticultural crops,

sugarcane etc. To achieve the maximum profit by the farmers, the interventions are

proposed based on the necessity of the exiting farmers and those who are in nursery stage,

the plan is proposed with a budget outlay of Rs. 51,384 lakhs (Table 3.24 )

107


Table 3.24 Procurement and distribution of Agricultural Machinery and Equipment

(₹ in lakhs)

Interventions Districts

Year

I II III IV V Total

Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin

Procurement and

distribution of

Agricultural Machinery

and Equipment

Coimbatore 350 346 311 311 311 1629

Cuddalore 803 578 531 491 464 2867

Dharmapuri 111 108 108 107 107 541

Dindigul 317 247 30 14 14 622

Kanyakumari 24 19 24 24 25 116

Krishnagiri 299 300 294 284 275 1452

Kancheepuram 618 618 618 618 618 3090

Perambalur 114 93 76 76 76 435

Pudukkottai 481 302 296 281 276 1636

Thanjavur 837 726 677 710 802 3752

Thiruvannamalai 605 572 592 591 611 2971

Theni 105 105 105 108 108 531

Trichy 260 259 255 256 256 1286

Tirunelveli 223 223 223 223 223 1115

Thoothukudi 182 149 144 149 151 775

Tiruppur 342 342 342 342 342 1710

Thiruvallur 1174 1174 1174 1174 1174 5870

The Nilgiris 182 182 182 182 182 910

Ramanathapuram 31 31 31 35 35 163

Salem 1003 1104 1212 1335 1468 6122

Sivagangai 48 48 48 48 49 241

Madurai 123 129 127 127 152 658

Nagapattinam 956 656 656 656 656 3580

Namakkal 522 522 522 522 522 2610

Vellore 0 0 0 437 437 874

Villupuram 1381 1379 1366 767 768 5661

Virudhunagar 12 5 20 6 124 167

Grand total 11103 10217 9964 9874 10226 51384

108


3.3.2 Establishment of farm machinery banks for custom hiring centre

Custom Hiring Centres are basically a unit comprising a set of farm machinery,

implements and equipment meant for custom hiring by farmers. Though certain implements

and equipment are crop specific, the traction units like tractors, power tillers etc., and self-

propelled machinery like combine harvesters etc., are used in common. Therefore, an ideal

model envisaged in this project comprise farm machinery that are commonly used for tillage

operations for all crops, multi crop equipment and a minimum of crop specific machinery.

The farm operations are needed to be performed at appropriate time and any delay

would reduce the yield and farm income considerably. The quality and precision of the

farming operations are equally significant for realizing higher yields. Farming operations like

land levelling, irrigation, sowing / planting, fertilizer application, plant protection, harvesting,

threshing and post-harvest operations require precision to increase the efficiency of the

inputs and reduce the losses. For example, sowing of the required quantity of seed at proper

depth and uniform application of given dose of fertilizer can only be possible with the use of

proper mechanical devices. When such operations are performed through traditional

methods, their efficiency is reduced. Higher productivity of land and labour is another factor,

highlighting the need of farm mechanization. Not only the output per hour is more, the total

labour requirement is also reduced by means of Agricultural Mechanization.

The Sub Mission on Agricultural Machinery (SMAM) is one such initiative towards the

objective. Subsidy schemes are also being formulated to encourage entrepreneurs and agri

graduates to set up custom hiring centres. Ideally, the hiring centres will be located in a

place where by and large small land holdings are located within a radius of 5 to 7 kms. This

will reduce the transport cost and time of transport of agricultural machinery. The emphasis

of agricultural farm machinery and the need for taking the of farm machinery within the

reach of small / marginal farmers, institutional credit needs to be made available for Custom

Hiring Centre‟s. Therefore there is a need to encourage individuals like progressive farmers,

rural unemployed youth, agri graduates etc., and also village level institutions like Water

Users Association, Watershed Committee, SHG Federations etc., to set up CHCs. The

overall budget to undertake the above programmes are laid out with a budget outlay of

Rs. 14,700 lakhs (Table 3.25).

109


Table 3.25 Establishment of Farm Machinery Banks for Custom Hiring Centre

(₹ in lakhs)

Interventions Implementing Districts

Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishment of

Farm Machinery

Banks for Custom

Hiring @ Rs 25.00

Lakhs /unit

Cuddalore 3 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 75

Dharmapuri 15 375 15 375 19 475 18 450 18 450 85 2125

Erode 44 1100 44 1100 44 1100 47 1175 46 1150 225 5625

Karur 21 525 20 500 18 450 18 450 16 400 93 2325

Krishnagiri 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 5 125

Kancheepuram 3 75 2 50 3 75 3 75 2 50 13 325

Perambalur 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 5 125

Pudukkottai 3 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 75

Thanjavur 2 50 1 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 75

Theni 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 10 250

Trichy 2 50 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 6 150

Ramanathapuram 2 50 1 25 2 50 2 50 2 50 9 225

Sivagangai 4 100 4 100 5 125 4 100 4 100 21 525

Madurai 3 75 3 75 3 75 3 75 3 75 15 375

Nagapattinam 2 50 5 125 4 100 4 100 4 100 19 475

Namakkal 6 150 6 150 6 150 6 150 6 150 30 750

Villupuram 11 275 11 275 11 275 6 150 4 100 43 1075

Grand total 125 3125 117 2925 120 3000 116 2900 110 2750 588 14700

110


3.3.3 Establishment of hi-tech, high productive equipment hub for custom hiring

Agricultural mechanization leads to increase in labour productivity through labour

savings. It is also useful for mitigating drudgery and increasing the level of farming so as to

improve the life and work environment of farmers. Mechanization will facilitate to take up

timely harvesting of crops and increase the agricultural production by reducing the wastage.

Agricultural operation in Tamil Nadu is spread over in 385 Blocks covering 31

districts. The agricultural machinery used predominantly in other parts of the country or in

foreign countries will be utilized for farm cultivation in Tamil Nadu that could save the labour

to a considerable extent. Besides the above, the newly developed agricultural machinery /

implements / equipment‟s are to be popularized among the farming community. High

productive and high tech implements such as Multi crop thresher, paddy transplanter,

nursery media filling machine, post hole digger, planters, tree pruners, tractor and power

tiller driven equipment‟s etc., are made available to the individual farmers by establishing a

separate hub custom hiring of high-tech implements which are fetching higher price. To

utilize the potential of the educated youth in the localized area, these types of custom hiring

hubs can be used so that the livelihood of the youngster may be improved. With these

objectives, the establishment of high value custom hiring hub is proposed with an budget

outlay of Rs. 36,700 lakhs (Table 3.26 )

3.3.4 Promotion of Farm Mechanization in Selected Villages

Due to shortage in farm workers, farmers are not in a position to undertake various

field operations in time. Hence, modernization of agriculture through Agricultural

Mechanization is inevitable. The purpose is to increase the output per human, animal and

tractor unit thereby ensuring timeliness and the cost of operations, minimizing the energy

requirement per unit of crop production, losses, making agricultural production less

laborious, reducing pollution, meeting peak labour requirements such as seeding, weeding

and harvesting, permitting an additional crop to increase cropping intensity, bringing

additional area into production, maximizing the efficiency of inputs thereby increasing the

overall agricultural production of the country.

Involves implementation of the schemes for Promoting Rural Youth group in Farm

Mechanization in different districts for the supply and distribution of agricultural machinery

and implements to the groups. Under this scheme, the capacity building component could

be also included. The rural youth group will in turn hire out their agricultural machinery to the

needy farmers on nominal hire charge basis. The budget for implementation of

establishment of custom hiring hub is presented in the Table 3.27 (Rs. 5,710 lakhs)

111


Table 3.26 Establishment of Hi-Tech, High Productive Equipment Hub for Custom Hiring

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishment of Hi-

Tech, High

Productive

Equipment Hub for

Custom Hiring @ Rs

100 lakhs /hub

Cuddalore 2 200 1 100 2 200 1 100 1 100 7 700

Dindigul 3 300 1 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 400

Tiruvarur 11 1100 12 1200 14 1400 15 1500 18 1800 70 7000


Thoothukudi 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 5 500

Tiruppur 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 5 500

Salem 45 4500 46 4600 45 4500 48 4800 50 5000 234 23400

Nagapattinam 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 5 500

Vellore 1 100 1 100 1 100 2 200 2 200 7 700

Grand total 71 7100 70 7000 71 7100 75 7500 80 8000 367 36700

112


Table 3.27 Promotion of Farm Mechanization in Selected Villages

(₹in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Promotion of

Farm

Mechanization in

Selected Villages

@ Rs.10.00

Lakhs per Farm

Machinery Bank

Dharmapuri 14 140 13 130 11 110 12 120 10 100 60 600

Dindigul 3 30 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 7 70

Kancheepuram 3 30 2 20 2 20 3 30 2 20 12 120

Perambalur 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 5 50

Pudukkottai 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 5 50

Theni 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 20 1 10 3 30

Trichy 8 80 8 80 8 80 8 80 8 80 40 400

Tiruppur 2 20 2 20 2 20 2 20 2 20 10 100

Madurai 8 80 15 150 14 140 14 140 15 150 66 660

Nagapattinam 8 80 8 80 8 80 8 80 8 80 40 400

Namakkal 24 240 24 240 24 240 24 240 24 240 120 1200

Vellore 14 140 11 110 45 450 65 650 68 680 203 2030

Grand total 860 860 1170 1410 1410 5710

113


3.3.5 Promotion of Mechanized Farming operations

Farm machines have revolutionized agriculture and continue to do so today.

Agricultural Mechanization is thus well placed to address many of the most fundamental

farming challenges in Tamil Nadu in a profound and comprehensive manner. Provided that

suitable technology solutions are employed, Agricultural Mechanization “removes the

drudgery associated with agricultural labour, overcomes time and labour bottlenecks to

perform tasks within optimum time windows and can influence the environmental footprint of

agriculture leading to sustainable outcomes.” In light of the persistently low mechanization

levels in many developing countries and the tremendous progress and benefits that can be

achieved with the help of Agricultural Mechanization there is widespread consensus that

international actors and governments should “continue to encourage farmers to use

agricultural machinery through development programmes and through the provision of

incentives.”

Availability of farm power coupled with efficient and judicious use of farm

implements/ machinery enable efficient utilization of various inputs such as seeds, fertilizers,

plant protection chemicals and water for irrigation besides eliminating the drudgery in

various farm operations from land preparation to post harvest technology and value addition.

In order to be successful, agricultural mechanization needs to be pursued together with

broader strategies that address key barriers which have been found to hold back the

development of agricultural production in developing countries.

To promote the farmers on agricultural mechanization, an incentive on of Rs 2000

per hectare per year will help them to utilize the benefits through mechanized farming. The

infrastructure plans are proposed in such a way to meet the demands of the farmer. The

budget for implementation of the programmes for each district is presented in the Table 3.28

over an out lay of Rs. 1,811 lakhs.

114


Table 3.28 Promotion of Mechanized Farming operations

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Promotion of

Mechanized Farming

operations @

Rs.2000/- per Ha per

farmer per year

Dharmapuri 520 10 520 10 520 10 520 10 520 10 2600 50

Dindigul 31813 636 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31813 636

Kanyakumari 6555 131 6555 131 6255 125 6555 131 6255 125 32173 643

Kancheepuram 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 50 0

Pudukkottai 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 30 0

Theni 110 2 110 2 120 2 120 2 140 3 600 11

Trichy 10 0 10 0 14 0 16 0 18 0 68 0

Sivagangai 3580 72 3090 62 2920 58 2920 58 2920 58 15430 308

Madurai 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 25 0

Nagapattinam 1000 20 1000 20 1000 20 1000 20 1000 20 5000 100

Namakkal 500 10 500 10 500 10 500 10 500 10 2500 50

Villupuram 250 5 200 4 115 2 50 1 50 1 665 13

Grand total 44358 886 12006 239 11465 227 11702 232 11424 227 90953 1811

115


3.3.6 Tractor Hiring Scheme

Government tractor hire service schemes are proposed to persuade small-scale

farmers to mechanize their farms. A review of the evidence, drawing largely on the

experience, indicates that farmers as well as government hire units face various types of

problems in tractorization. Farmers face a problem of untimeliness of services which may be

due to a shortage of tractor operators, irregular supply of diesel oil in the rural areas, the

frequent breakdown of tractors and equipment coupled with a shortage of spare parts.

Management of government hire units is also defective as decision-making processes are

cumbersome and policies not effectively pursued.

Nevertheless, private hire operators are found to be more economically efficient in

running their units than are government officials since the former operate at a lower cost,

handle more work per year than government units, make efficient use of tractor operators

and make prompt management decisions.

To improve the performance of government tractor hire units inn Tamil Nadu, may

require the governments to reorganize their schemes with a view to bringing their

management closer to farmers. It is also suggested that an „economic rent‟ be charged for

services rendered by hire units but a graduated type of rebate, and not an all-embracing

subsidy approach currently used, should be introduced to reduce farmers' production costs.

To improve the service to the farmers and stake holders, the programmes are programmed

with a budget outlay of Rs. 14,759 lakhs and it is presented in the Table 3.29.

Table 3.29 Budget for Tractor Hiring Scheme

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Tractor Hiring

Scheme

Ariyalur 48 48 48 48 48 240

Coimbatore 275 275 275 275 275 1375

Cuddalore 61 61 0 0 0 122

Dharmapuri 794 695 681 742 670 3582

Kancheepuram 83 83 83 83 83 415

Perambalur 21 1 1 1 1 25

116


Table 3.29 Budget for Tractor Hiring Scheme (Contd.,)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Thanjavur 130 5 9 20 42 206

Theni 3 11 7 3 11 35

Trichy 39 8 8 0 25 80

Thoothukudi 0 0 0 251 0 251

Tiruppur 103 103 103 103 103 515


Sivagangai 144 144 148 143 152 731

Madurai 54 0 3 0 3 60

Nagapattinam 1699 678 2638 838 1136 6989

Namakkal 22 22 22 22 22 110


Grand total 3490 2140 4026 2531 2572 14759

3.3.7 Propagation of drip / minor irrigation

Water conservation measures are taken to improve the soil moisture regime, to

recharge the ground water aquifer and to increase the availability of water for cultivation.

Rain water harvesting in paved and unpaved areas and water bodies, are some of the

measures of water conservation. Construction of recharge pits, trenches, dug wells,

recharge wells and recharge shafts are some the water conservation measures. Proper

maintenance of Kanmois and Ooranis in villages is also essential to conserve the water.

Minor irrigation schemes are implemented by the State to locate suitable site through

Geo-physical survey for sinking open wells and tube wells. The scheme also aims at

bringing new areas under irrigation by creation of additional irrigation facilities and promotes

conjunctive use of surface and ground water. With this objective, the plans are proposed

with a budget Rs. 24,765 lakhs (Table 3.30).

117


Table 3.30 Propagation of Drip / Minor Irrigation

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Propagation of drip / minor

irrigation

Cuddalore 241 144 0 0 0 385

Dindigul 85 85 0 0 0 170

Kancheepuram 450 0 0 3 0 453

Thanjavur 97 0 0 0 0 97

Tiruppur 1427 1427 1427 1427 1427 7135

Thiruvallur 140 140 140 140 140 700

Salem 2200 2420 2662 2928 3221 13431

Sivagangai 40 32 32 32 32 168

Madurai 153 150 0 0 0 303

Nagapattinam 179 298 586 10 0 1073

Vellore 0 0 0 425 425 850

Grand total 5012 4696 4847 4965 5245 24765

118


3.3.8 Utilization of solar energy and promotion of solar pumpsets

Renewable energy is gaining a major role in India‟s energy planning process. The

policy thrust, through specific schemes, needs to be proposed to accelerate the use of such

renewable energy. Among the various sources of renewable energy, the use of solar energy

is gaining momentum. Solar energy is available for more than 300 days a year in India with

about 6-8 hours effective day light hours. Most parts of India receive very high solar

radiation intensities about 5 KWh/Sq.m/day. In the present scenario, when the demand for

electricity is very high and fuel prices are increasing exponentially, a solar water pump

provides a viable solution for irrigation. Moreover, Government is heavily subsidizing electric

tariff for agriculture putting additional burden on State exchequer which is to be brought

down, for which providing solar pumping system to the farmers is the right choice. A 5HP

solar water pump set saves approximately 25 units of power every day.

Pumps that use PV (Photo Voltaic) systems are normally powered by DC (Direct

Current) motors. These motors use the DC output from the PV panels directly. However, by

using an inverter this can be converted to AC (Alternating current) output and AC motor

operated system is the preferable system for the farmers in our State, as it is compatible for

grid power also.

It is proposed to provide a comprehensive package of Solar PV pumping system with

subsidy, linked with suitable Micro irrigation system as per the existing norms along with

forward linkage of precision farming / front-end technologies, crop specific improved

cultivation methods etc. to the progressive farmers of the state on a pilot basis. It is

proposed to provide solar driers for drying various agricultural produce in a phased manner

with the financial assistance under NADP. The district wise financial requirement utilization

of solar energy and provision of solar pumpsets is presented in the Table 3.31.

119


Table 3.31 Utilization of solar energy and promotion of solar pumpsets

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Utilization of solar

energy and

promotion of solar

pumpsets

Ariyalur 300 300 300 300 300 1500

Coimbatore 857 857 857 857 857 4285

Cuddalore 6 6

Dindigul 29 25 0 0 0 54

Kanyakumari 19 15 15 15 15 79

Krishnagiri 206 206 206 206 206 1030

Kancheepuram 646 694 694 694 694 3422

Perambalur 53 53 53 53 53 265

Pudukkottai 285 277 277 277 277 1394

Thanjavur 280 245 280 280 280 1365


Theni 0 5 0 0 0 5

Trichy 283 298 307 298 313 1499

Thoothukudi 48 48 56 58 66 275

Tiruppur 443 443 443 443 443 2214

Thiruvallur 3690 3690 3690 3690 3690 18450

The Nilgiris 50 50 50 50 50 250

Ramanathapuram 293 348 375 377 404 1797

Salem 970 1067 1174 1292 1419 5922

Sivagangai 99 86 81 86 96 447

Madurai 176 162 162 162 162 822

Nagapattinam 570 570 570 570 570 2850

Namakkal 206 206 206 206 206 1030

Vellore 0 68 48 312 312 741

Villupuram 298 296 295 110 109 1108


Grand total 9907 10109 10447 10727 10622 51812

120


3.3.9 Water conservation measures

Water is a finite resource, and in many areas, future water supplies are uncertain.

Individuals are usually aware when there is a drought; however, because water is

inexpensive, there are often few incentives to reduce water loss. Water has no viable

substitutes, and its depletion bodes profound economic and social impacts. Citizens and

utilities need to consider water conservation programs.

Degraded areas, denuded gullies, and steep slopes contribute greatly to the

sedimentation and siltation of stream channels. Huge amount of soil particles that are

washed away settle in farm areas in the lowlands through surface runoff thereby destroying

agricultural crops. Some are discharged to the coastal areas which create pollution and

damage to the ecosystem. Most of the fish resources die due to suffocation. Coral reefs and

sea grasses are rendered useless and spawning grounds are damaged. This condition

generally results to the decrease in the production of agricultural farms and coastal zones.

To address this problem, rehabilitation measures should be undertaken to provide

immediate ecological stability of the areas. Structural rehabilitation measures such as check

dams, riprap or stone walls, bench terracing, and gabions are considered very effective as

rehabilitation measures. Farm ponds have a significantly role in rainfed farming system

where annual rainfall is more than 500 mm. It helps in mitigating the ill effect of rainfall

variability as it stores water from rainfall excess and provides for utilization during prolonged

dry spells by means of supplemental / protective irrigation. It also helps in pre-sowing

irrigation of Rabi crop. In high rainfall semi-arid regions of India, farm pond can be used for

multiple uses such as protective/supplemental irrigation, fish culture, duck farming

integrated with poultry.

Stone check dams are commonly used in gully control and are generally constructed

as dry stone wall. Gully control is an important conservative measure in uncultivable land

reform programmes. It controls soil erosion from being caused in watershed areas. The

main objective of constructing such a check dam is to filter the flow of river water after

controlling the eroding power of water so that silt deposits in it, and the water moves ahead

after being filtered. The construction of water harvesting structures involves huge cost. Thus

keeping in view of this importance, the various programmes on soil conservations structures

and cost involved are proposed with a budget outlay of Rs. 80,960 lakhs (Table 3.32).

121


Table 3.32 Water Conservation Measures

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Water conservation

measures

Ariyalur 60 60 60 60 60 300

Coimbatore 1291 1291 1291 1291 1291 6455

Cuddalore 838 885 909 822 791 4245

Dindigul 987 360 360 250 0 1957

Erode 348 357 380 336 457 1878

Karur 354 331 404 240 202 1531

Kanyakumari 101 98 99 96 100 494

Krishnagiri 62 62 62 62 62 310

Thanjavur 234 271 312 348 479 1644

Tiruvarur 776 787 813 861 848 4085


Tirunelveli 225 225 225 225 225 1125

Thoothukudi 412 453 499 549 603 2516

Tiruppur 1627 1627 1627 1627 1627 8135

Thiruvallur 228 228 228 228 228 1140

The Nilgiris 820 820 820 820 820 4100

Salem 4376 4814 5296 5824 6407 26717

Sivagangai 475 480 482 489 490 2416

Vellore 163 74 164 1183 1183 2767

Virudhunagar 356 130 0 0 2018 2504

Grand total 15097 14668 15371 16620 19204 80960

122


3.3.10 Soil conservation measures

Soil erosion is one of the major agricultural problems in the highlands. Deforestation,

Overgrazing, and cultivation of slopes not suited to agriculture together with the farming

practice that do not include conservation measures are the major causes for soil erosion.

Degraded soils are also the major constraints to agricultural production and food security.

Soil conservation in the catchment area of river valley projects through natural

resource management activities like Gabion check dams, water harvesting structures and

silt detention tanks with people involvement. The groundwater level has been lowered in

most of the districts of Tamil Nadu. Out of 385 blocks in Tamil Nadu, groundwater depletion

in 142 blocks are classified as over exploited, 33 as critical, 57 as semi critical and only 153

blocks are safe. The rationale of the project is to demonstrate ground water recharge by

harnessing surplus run off during monsoon period. The strategy of the project is to pump

water from well available in river bed, conveyance of pumped water to a tank through pipes

and enabling stabilization of agriculture in the zone of influence. To undertake the

construction of soil conservation structures, the plans are proposed at the outlay of

Rs. 10,057 lakhs (Table 3.33)

Table 3.33 Soil Conservation Measures

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Soil conservation

measures

Coimbatore 331 331 331 331 331 1655


Thiruvallur 1215 1215 1215 1215 1215 6075

The Nilgiris 245 245 245 245 245 1225


Sivagangai 8 8 8 7 7 38

Vellore 0 0 0 221 221 442

Grand total 1926 1923 1924 2141 2143 10057

123


Table 3.34 Budget for Infrastructure Requirement in Agricultural Engineering

(₹ in lakhs)

S. No

Interventions Year

Total I II III IV V

1 Procurement and distribution of

Agricultural Machinery and

Equipment

11103 10217 9964 9874 10226 51384

2 Establishment of Farm Machinery

Banks for Custom Hiring

3125 2925 3000 2900 2750 14700

3 Establishment of Hi-Tech, High

Productive Equipment Hub for

Custom Hiring

7100 7000 7100 7500 8000 36700

4 Promotion of Farm Mechanization

in Selected Villages

860 860 1170 1410 1410 5710

5 Promotion of Mechanized

Farming operations

886 239 227 232 227 1811

6 Tractor Hiring Scheme 3490 2140 4026 2531 2572 14759

7 Propagation of drip / minor

irrigation

5012 4696 4847 4965 5245 24765

8 Utilization of solar energy and

promotion of solar pumpsets

9907 10109 10447 10727 10622 51812

9 Water conservation measures 15097 14668 15371 16620 19204 80960

10 Soil conservation measures 1926 1923 1924 2141 2143 10057

Grand total 58506 54777 58076 58900 62399 292658

The total budget requirement for agricultural engineering is Rs. 2,92,658 lakhs. The

components wise financial requirement for five years is presented in Table 3.34.

124


3.4 Infrastructure Requirement in Agricultural Marketing Sector

3.4.1 Establishment of marketing structures

In post-harvest management of grains, maximum benefit can be achieved by

following improved storage practices at optimum moisture content. About 5 to 10% of post

harvest losses are occurring in cereals and pulses. In order to minimize the post harvest

losses in grains, this Department has started construction of drying yards and storage

godowns at village level since1997. Storage is an important marketing function, which

involves holding and preserving goods from the time they are produced until they are

needed for consumption. The storage of goods, therefore, from the time of production to the

time of consumption, ensures a continuous flow of goods in the market. Storage protects the

quality of perishable and semi-perishable products from deterioration; it helps in the

stabilization of prices by adjusting demand and supply; Storage is necessary for some

period for performance of other marketing functions and it provides employment and income

through price advantages.

Storage Godown (2000 MT) with the budget of Rs. 97.20 crores, Storage Godown

(1000 MT) with the budget of Rs. 21.00 crores, Construction of 100 Mt Storage with

equipments with the budget of Rs. 26.20 crores, Drying yard with the budget of Rs. 32.25,

Storage shed with the budget of Rs. 1.70 crores, Construction of Threshing Floor with the

budget of Rs. 18.20 crores, Establishment of Uzhavar Sandhai with the budget of Rs. 4.60

crores, Market Complex with cold storage for vegetables and fruits with the budget of Rs.

36.80 crores, Tender Coconut market complex with the budget of Rs. 3.25 crores,

Establishing Shade Net with the budget of Rs. 0.05 crores, Perishable Market Improvement

through collection centre with the budget of Rs. 3.60 crores, NABL Accredited Lab with the

budget of Rs. 0.50 crores, Pesticide residue testing Lab with the budget of Rs. 0.15 crores,

Degree / Diploma course in Food Technology in RRS Campus with the budget of Rs. 5.00

crores, Creation of Banana Facilitation centre with cement floor and open shed at Uzhavar

Santhai with the budget of Rs. 0.08 crores, Creation of Jack fruit Facilitation Centre at R.M.

Complex, Panruti with the budget of Rs. 0.06 crores, Flower Market complex at Thovalai

with the budget of Rs. 1.5 crores, Spice market complex at Thovalai with the budget of Rs.

3.2 crores, Additional shops for spice market complex at Thovalai with the budget of Rs. 3.3

crores, Integrated market complex with the budget of Rs. 5.00 crores, Establishment of

Specialized Market complex for Coconut with the budget of Rs. 3.00 crores, Establishment

125


of Specialized Market complex for Banana with the budget of Rs. 1.3 crores, Weigh Bridge

at Virudhachalam with the budget of Rs. 2.6 crores, Establishment of supply chain

Management of fruits and vegetables with the budget of Rs. 370.79 crores, Integrated

Commodity Management through Aggregation with the budget of Rs. 1.18 crores, Traders

shop with the budget of Rs. 13.46 crores, Establishment of Silo with the budget of Rs. 1.305

crores, Establishment and Strengthening of AMI & BPC by DAM & TNAU with the budget of

Rs. 4.04 crores, Traditional Onion storage unit with the budget of Rs. 0.46 crores are

proposed interventions for establishment of market structures with the total budget outlay of

Rs. 657.19 crores. The physical and financial requirement of establishment of market

structures are presented in Table 3.35.

3.4.2 Establishment of Processing Units

Processing is a set of techno economic activities carried out for conservation and

handling of agricultural produce and to make it usable as food, feed, fibre, fuel or industrial

raw material. Hence, the scope of the agro-processing industry encompasses all operations

from the stage of harvest till the material reaches the end users in the desired form,

packaging, quantity, quality and price. Agro-processing is now regarded as the sunrise

sector of the Indian economy in view of its large potential for growth and likely socio

economic impact specifically on employment and income generation. Some estimates

suggest that in developed countries, up to 14 per cent of the total work force is engaged in

agro-processing sector directly or indirectly. However, in India, only about 3 per cent of the

work force finds employment in this sector revealing its underdeveloped state and vast

untapped potential for employment. Properly developed, agro-processing sector can make

India a major player at the global level for marketing and supply of processed food, feed and

a wide range of other plant and animal products. The proposed budget outlay for various

interventions in establishing processing unit is Rs. 2,817 lakhs. The physical and financial

budget requirement for establishment of processing unit is presented in Table 3.36.

126


Table 3.35 Establishment of Marketing Structures

(₹ in lakhs)


YEAR

I II III IV V Total


Storage Godown- 2000 MT @ 120 lakhs/unit

Ariyalur 0 0 3 360 3 360 3 360 0 0 9 1080

Coimbatore 0 0 0 0 2 240 0 2 240

Cuddalore 3 360 0 0 10 1200 1 120 0 0 14 1680

Erode 5 600 0 0 3 360 0 960

Dharmapuri 2 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 240

Krishnagiri 2 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 240

Kanchipuram 0 0 0 0 2 240 0 0 0 0 2 240

Nagapattinam 2 240 0 0 2 240 0 0 0 0 4 480

Perambalur 1 120 0 0 0 0 1 120

Ramanathapuram 1 120 0 0 6 720 0 0 0 0 7 840

Salem 2 240 0 0 1 120 0 0 0 0 3 360

Sivagangai 1 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 120

Thanjavur 1 120 0 0 0 0 1 120

Tiruvarur 1 120 0 1 120 0 0 2 240


Theni 0 0 2 240 1 120 0 0 0 0 3 360

Trichy 2 240 2 240 0 0 0 4 480

Tirunelveli 1 120 0 0 0 0 1 120

Tiruppur 3 360 0 0 0 0 3 360

Vellore 3 360 0 1 120 0 0 4 480

Villupuram 3 360 0 2 240 0 0 5 600

Total 36 4320 7 840 29 3480 9 1080 0 0 81 9720

127


Table 3.35 Establishment of Marketing Structures (Contd.,)

Interventions

Districts

YEAR

I II III IV V Total


Storage Godown- 1000 MT @ 60 lakhs/unit

Cuddalore 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 120 0 0 2 120

Kanyakumari 0 0 0 0 1 60 0 0 0 0 1 60

Kancheepuram 2 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 60 3 180

Nagapattinam 4 240 4 240 4 240 4 240 8 480 24 1440

Salem 0 0 0 0 1 60 0 0 0 0 1 60

Thanjavur 0 0 2 120 0 0 2 120

Tiruvarur 0 0 0 0 1 60 1 60


Total 6 360 4 240 9 540 6 360 10 600 35 2100

Construction of 100 Mt Storage Godown (20 X 5m) with equipments @ Rs. 20 lakhs / unit

Cuddalore 3 60 2 40 1 20 1 20 2 40 9 180

Dharmapuri 3 60 3 60 3 60 3 60 3 60 15 300

Erode 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 100 5 100

Karur 2 40 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 6 120

Kanyakumari 0 0 0 0 1 20 0 0 0 0 1 20

Perambalur 1 20 0 0 0 0 0 1 20

Pudukkottai 5 100 2 40 2 40 2 40 2 40 13 260

Salem 4 80 4 80 4 80 4 80 4 80 20 400

Sivagangai 3 60 3 60 3 60 3 60 3 60 15 300

Tiruvarur 1 20 5 100 0 1 20 0 7 140


Thoothukudi 0 0 0 0 5 100 5 100

The Nilgiris 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 220 11 220 22 440

Vellore 0 0 0 0 0 2 40 2 40

Villupuram 0 0 0 0 0 5 100 5 100

Total 23 460 21 420 16 320 27 540 44 880 131 2620

128




YEAR

I II III IV V Total


Drying yard - 20mx20m @ Rs. 5 L / unit

Ariyalur 6 30 6 30 6 30 6 30 6 30 30 150

Coimbatore 10 50 0 0 3 15 4 20 17 85

Cuddalore 5 25 10 50 5 25 5 25 6 30 31 155

Dharmapuri 5 25 9 45 5 25 5 25 4 20 28 140

Dindigul 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 5 25

Erode 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 50 10 50

Karur 10 50 9 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 95

Krishnagiri 8 40 3 15 1 5 1 5 0 0 13 65

Kancheepuram 10 50 15 75 5 25 5 25 5 25 40 200

Nagapattinam 4 20 4 20 4 20 4 20 8 40 24 120

Namakkal 15 75 15 75 15 75 15 75 15 75 75 375

Perambalur 5 25 0 0 0 0 5 25

Pudukkottai 11 55 30 150 10 50 10 50 10 50 71 355

Ramanathapuram 1 5 5 25 0 0 0 6 30

Salem 10 50 24 120 24 120 24 120 24 120 106 530

Sivagangai 4 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 20

Thanjavur 3 15 0 0 0 0 3 15

Tiruvarur 0 0 0 3 15 0 3 15

Thiruvannamalai 4 20 0 0 0 3 15 7 35

Theni 3 15 4 20 1 5 1 5 0 0 9 45

Trichy 10 50 10 50 10 50 13 65 13 65 56 280

Tirunelveli 10 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 50

Tiruppur 10 50 5 25 5 25 5 25 0 0 25 125

129




YEAR

I II III IV V Total


Thiruvallur 5 25 10 50 0 0 0 0 14 70 29 145

The Nilgiris 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 25 5 25

Vellore 0 0 0 0 0 10 50 10 50

Virudhunagar 0 0 3 15 0 1 5 0 4 20

Total 150 750 163 815 92 460 102 510 138 690 645 3225

Storage shed @ Rs 10 lakhs /unit

Coimbatore 1 10 0 0 0 0 1 10

Krishnagiri 3 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 30

Madurai 3 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 30

Pudukkottai 1 10 0 0 0 0 1 10

Thiruvannamalai 3 30 0 0 0 0 3 30

Tirunelveli 4 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 40

Thiruvallur 1 10 1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 20

Total 16 160 1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 170

Construction of Threshing Floor/ Drying yard (20 m x 20 m) @ 20 lakhs/unit

Nagapattinam 0 0 2 40 5 100 4 80 5 100 16 320


Total 15 300 17 340 20 400 14 280 25 500 91 1820

Establishment of Uzhavar Sandhai @ 20 lakhs/unit

Salem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 460 1 460

130




YEAR

I II III IV V Total


Market Complex with cold

storage for vegetables and

fruits @ Rs 460 lakhs/unit

Coimbatore 1 460 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 460

Pudukkottai 0 0 0 0 1 460 0 0 0 0 1 460

Salem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 460 1 460

Theni 1 460 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 460

Trichy 1 460 0 0 0 0 1 460

The Nilgiris 1 460 1 460 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 920

Total 4 1840 1 460 1 460 0 0 2 920 8 3680

Tender Coconut market

complex @ Rs 325

lakhs/unit

Coimbatore 1 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 325

Establishing Shade Net @

Rs 5 lakhs/unit

Coimbatore 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 1 5

Perishable Market Improvement through collection centre @ Rs 36 lakhs / centre

Coimbatore 0 0 5 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 180

Dindigul 0 0 5 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 180

Total 0 0 10 360 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 360

NABL Accredited Lab @ Rs 50 lakhs /unit


Pesticide residue testing

Lab @ Rs. 6000 / sample

Coimbatore 50 3 50 3 50 3 50 3 50 3 250 15

131




YEAR

I II III IV V Total


Degree / Diploma course in Food Technology in RRS Campus, Virudhachalam

Cuddalore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 500 1 500

Creation of Banana Facilitation centre with cement floor and open shed at Uzhavar Santhai

Cuddalore 1 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8

Creation of Jack fruit Facilitation Centre at R.M. Complex, Panruti

Cuddalore 1 6.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6

Flower Market complex at Thovalai

Kanyakumari 0 0.00 0 0 1 150 0 0 0 0 1 150

Spice market complex at Thovalai

Kanyakumari 0 0.00 0 0 1 320 0 0 0 0 1 320

Additional shops for spice market complex at thovalai

Kanyakumari 0 0.00 0 0 35 150 0 0 0 0 35 150

Trichy 60 180.00 60 180

Total 113 247 50 3 87 623 50 3 51 503 371 1379

Integrated market complex

1 500 1 500

Establishment of Specialized Market complex for Coconut

Pudukkottai 0 0 1 300 1 300

132




YEAR

I II III IV V Total


Establishment of Specialized Market complex for Banana


Weigh Bridge at Virudhachalam RM 60 MT @ Rs.20 Lakhs / unit

Cuddalore 1 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 20

Dharmapuri 0 0 0 0 1 20 0 0 0 0 1 20

Kanyakumari 2 40 0 0 2 40 0 0 0 0 4 80

Namakkal 0 0 0 1 20 0 0 1 20

Pudukkottai 0 0 0 0 1 20 0 1 20

Theni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 20 1 20

Trichy 0 0 0 1 20 0 0 1 20

Villupuram 0 0 0 3 60 0 0 3 60

Total 4 560 1 130 8 160 2 320 1 20 16 1190

Establishment of supply chain Management of fruits and vegetables

Coimbatore 0 1 69 1 69

Dharmapuri 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3700 0 0 1 3700

Dindigul 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3100 0 0 1 3100

Krishnagiri 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10070 0 0 1 10070

Kancheepuram 0 0 0 0 2 40 0 0 0 0 2 40

Pudukkottai 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3200 0 0 1 3200

Theni 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3700 0 0 1 3700

Trichy 0 1 3300 1 3300

Tirunelveli 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4000 0 0 1 4000

Thoothukudi 0 1 4000 1 4000

The Nilgiris 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1900 0 0 1 1900

Total 0 0 0 0 2 40 10 37039 0 0 12 37079

133




YEAR

I II III IV V Total


Integrated Commodity Management through Aggregation

Dindigul 0 0 1 59 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 59

Erode 0 0 1 59 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 59

Total 0 0 2 118 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 118

Traders shop @ @ 13.33 lakhs/unit

Erode 6 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 80

Ramanathapuram 25 333 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 333

Cuddalore 10 133 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 133

Theni 8 107 8 107 8 107 8 107 8 107 40 535

Tirunelveli 10 133 0 0 0 0 10 133

Virudhunagar 10 133 0 0 0 0 10 133

Total 69 920 8 107 8 107 8 107 8 107 101 1347

Establishment of Silo 100 MT @ 43.5 lakhs/unit

Pudukkottai 0 1 43.5 1 43.5

Thiruvannamalai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 43.5 1 43.5

Trichy 0 1 43.5 1 43.5

Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 130.5 3 130.5

Establishment and Strengthening of AMI & BPC by DAM & TNAU

1 192 1 152 1 20 1 20 1 20 5 404

Traditional Onion storage unit @ Rs 1 lakh/unit

Tiruppur 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 45 45


Total 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 9 9 46 46

Grand Total 10443 4004 6619 40274 4380 65719

134


Table 3.36 Establishment of Processing Units

(₹ in lakhs)


YEAR

I II III IV V Total


Food processing incubation and Training centre

Tiruppur 1 50 1 50 1 50 1 110 0 0 4 260

Turmeric processing centre @ Rs 1.25 lakhs/unit

Thiruvannamalai 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 1.25 1 1.25

Processing unit for pulses @ Rs. 20 lakh/unit

Pudukkottai 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 5 100

Primary processing Centre for Processing - Banana @ Rs. 20 lakh/unit

Karur 1 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 20

Mango irradiation unit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1500 1 1500

Food processing incubation and Training centre @ Rs 110 lakhs/unit

Coimbatore 0 0 1 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 110

Value addition unit @ Rs. 100lakh/unit

Ariyalur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 100 1 100

Mango Ripening chamber @ Rs 145 lakhs/unit

Thanjavur 0 0 0 0 1 145 0 0 0 0 1 145

135


Table 3.36 Establishment of Processing Units (Contd.,)


YEAR

I II III IV V Total


Establishment of millet / spices processing units @ Rs. 10 lakhs/unit

Ariyalur 2 20 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 6 60

Dharmapuri 3 30 3 30 3 30 3 30 3 30 15 150

Karur 0 0 1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10

Kancheepuram 3 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 30

Namakkal 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 5 50

Total 12 180 9 240 8 265 7 180 9 1671 45 2536

Mobile tapioca starch extraction unit @ Rs. 5.00 lakhs

Namakkal 0 0 1 5 1 5

Salem 1 5 1 5 1 5 0 0 0 0 3 15

Total 1 5 1 5 1 5 0 0 1 5 4 20

Mini minor millets processing Machineries @ Rs. 3.00 lakhs

Karur 1 3 0 0 1 3 0 2 6


Trichy 14 42 0 0 0 0 14 42

Thoothukudi 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 10 30

Tiruppur 2 6 3 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 15

Total 21 63 7 21 4 12 5 15 4 12 41 123

Provision of Mini-Dhall mill at village Level Processing for Pulses

Cuddalore 5 1 5 1 5 2 5 2 5 2 25 8

Dharmapuri 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2

Trichy 14 28 14 28

Total 20 30 6 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 41 38

Concentrate Extracting unit for flower crops @ Rs. 100 lakhs/unit

Ariyalur 1 100 1 100

Grand Total 55 378 23 268 18 284 17 197 19 1690 132 2817

136


3.4.3 Establishment / strengthening of marketing institutions

Improving efficiency of market institution at all levels including grass root level market

outlets will facilitate price discovery, minimize costs and pave way for introduction of market

innovations. There are 277 Regulated Markets, 108 Rural Godowns and 108 grading

centres functioning under the Market Committees, competitive and remunerative prices are

ensured for the produce sold by the farmers through closed tender system in the Regulated

Markets. Free grading facilities for agricultural commodities and issuing pledge loan during

distress sale are also available in the Regulated Markets. 1 to 2% of the value of the

produce is collected as market fees from the traders who procure the produce from the

farmers. 103 Uzhavar Sandhai are functioning in the state for direct selling of fruits and

vegetables by farmers to consumers without any hindrance of middlemen. The main object

of Uzhavar Sandhai is to ensure farmers to get a better price for their produce and to enable

the consumers to get fresh fruits and vegetables at a lesser price than the retail market

price. Agmark grading is undertaken to protect the consumers from the ill effects of

consuming adulterated food commodities and to ensure quality food products. Construction

of regulated market with the budget of Rs. 6.00 crores, strengthening of market institutions

with the budget of Rs. 13.00 crores, strengthening of AGMARK Lab with the budget of Rs.

4.40 crores, strengthening of Uzhavar Sandhai with the budget of Rs. 110.82 crores,

Transaction Shed with the budget of Rs. 72.00 crores, cold storage with the budget of Rs.

29.26 crores are the proposed interventions with the total budget outlay of Rs. 235.56 crores

for strengthening of market institutions. The physical and financial requirement for

strengthening of market institutions is furnished in Table 3.37.

3.4.4 Establishment of farmers learning centre

Learning centres are intended to provide formal management mechanism between

the scientists and technology users. It will provide single window information on post harvest

and marketing aspects and facilitate direct access to the farmers to the institutional

resources. Information will be aided through exhibits, audio visual aids, farm literature, kiosk

(Touch screen), video documentaries on various agricultural marketing interventions and

latest developments in agri business sector. Each e-Learning Centre will have the facilities

like e-Class room, e-library, Informative kiosk, Demonstration plots, Mini project models and

Video chats between experts and technology users. The proposed budget for establishment

of farmers learning centre is Rs. 980 lakhs. The physical and financial requirement of

establishment of farmers learning centre is presented in Table 3.38.

137


Table 3.37 Establishment / Strengthening of Marketing Institutions

(₹ in lakhs)


YEAR

I II III IV V Total


Establishment of new RM @ Rs. 150 lakhs/unit

Ariyalur 0 0 1 150 1 150 0 1 150 3 450

Dindigul 1 150 0 0 0 0 1 150

Total 1 150 1 150 1 150 0 0 1 150 4 600

Strengthening of market institution‟s @ Rs 50 lakhs /unit

Ariyalur 1 50 0 1 50 0 1 50 3 150

Cuddalore 1 50 0 0 0 0 1 50

Erode 2 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 100

Krishnagiri 3 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 150

Namakkal 1 50 0 0 0 0 1 50

Ramanathapuram 0 0 1 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 50

Salem 1 50 0 0 0 0 4 200 0 0 5 250

Theni 0 0 1 50 0 0 0 0 1 50 2 100

Trichy 2 100 0 0 0 0 2 100

Villupuram 6 300 0 0 0 0 6 300


Total 17 850 2 100 1 50 4 200 2 100 26 1300

Strengthening of AGMARK Lab

Coimbatore 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 1 7 4

Dharmapuri 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 1 5 2

Dindigul 1 1 4 8 5 9

Erode 3 60 0 0 1 30 0 0 15 50 19 140

Karur 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 3 1

Kanyakumari 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 5 7 7 9

Kancheepuram 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 10 30 13 33

Madurai 0 0 0 0 1 30 2 2 6 33 9 65

Salem 1 20 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 7 6 28

138


Table 3.37 Establishment / Strengthening of Marketing Institutions (Contd.,)


YEAR

I II III IV V Total



Theni 1 20 1 1 4 8 0 0 0 0 6 29

Tirunelveli 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 6 9 8 11

Thoothukudi 1 20 1 1 5 1 7 22

Tiruppur 1 20 1 20

Vellore 1 35 1 1 6 3 8 39

Villupuram 0 0 1 1 7 1 8 2

Total 10 196 1 1 12 78 17 17 76 149 116 442

Strengthening of Uzhavar Sandhai

Coimbatore 0 0 1 24 8 268 32 269

Cuddalore 0 0 1 150 2 75 3 225

Dharmapuri 2 400 5 253 7 653

Erode 0 1 24 1 10 6 178 8 212

Karur 1 6 5 108 6 114

Krishnagiri 4 30 1 24 4 173 9 227

Kancheepuram 0 2 30 4 124 6 154

Madurai 0 1 24 1 10 3 137 5 171

Nagapattinam 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 72 3 72

Namakkal 15 1500 1 24 15 1500 30 3000 6 208 67 6232

Perambalur 0 1 56 1 56

Pudukkottai 0 4 129 4 129

Salem 0 1 24 1 10 10 427 12 461

Sivagangai 0 2 114 2 114

Thanjavur 0 20 20 1 5 3 160 4 205

Tiruvarur 0 1 105 4 156 5 261

Thiruvannamalai 0 4 189 4 189

Theni 0 2 30 7 178 9 208

Trichy 0 6 186 6 186

Tirunelveli 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 100 2 78 3 178

139




YEAR

I II III IV V Total


Transaction Shed @ 30x12m @ Rs 50 lakhs / unit

Thoothukudi 0 1 40 1 40

Tiruppur 0 4 92 4 92

Thiruvallur 0 4 105 4 105

The Nilgiris 0 2 68 2 68

Vellore 0 8 296 8 296

Villupuram 0 42 1 24 1 7 3 93 5 166

Total 22 1998 6 165 41 1515 40 3442 111 3962 220 11082

Ariyalur 2 100 0 0 0 0 2 100

Coimbatore 4 200 0 1 50 0 0 5 250

Cuddalore 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 150 0 0 3 150

Dharmapuri 10 500 20 1000 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 1500

Transaction Shed @ 30x12m @ Rs 50 lakhs / unit

Erode 3 150 4 200 0 0 2 100 0 0 9 450

Kanyakumari 0 0 0 0 1 50 0 0 0 0 1 50

Krishnagiri 0 0 1 50 1 50 0 0 0 0 2 100

Madurai 10 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 500

Nagapattinam 0 0 0 0 2 100 0 0 0 0 2 100

Ramanathapuram 0 0 0 0 1 50 0 0 0 0 1 50

Salem 2 100 0 0 3 150 0 0 0 0 5 250

Thanjavur 0 0 0 5 250 0 0 5 250

Tiruvarur 0 0 0 3 150 0 0 3 150


Trichy 0 0 0 1 50 0 0 1 50

Tirunelveli 10 500 1 50 1 50 1 50 0 13 650

Tiruppur 10 500 0 0 0 0 10 500

Vellore 1 50 0 4 200 0 0 5 250

Villupuram 0 0 0 16 800 0 0 16 800

Total 55 2750 29 1450 50 2500 10 500 0 0 144 7200

140




YEAR

I II III IV V Total


Cold storage @ Rs. 31.8 lakhs / unit , 1 nos. 25MT

Ariyalur 1 32 1 32 1 32 1 32 0 0 4 128

Coimbatore 10 318 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 318

Cuddalore 1 32 2 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 96

Dharmapuri 2 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 64

Erode 6 191 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 191

Kanyakumari 1 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 32

Krishnagiri 2 64 4 127 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 191

Madurai 1 32 1 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 64

Namakkal 3 95 0 0 0 0 3 95

Perambalur 1 32 0 0 0 1 32 2 64

Pudukkottai 1 32 0 0 0 0 1 32

Ramanathapuram 2 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 64

Salem 5 159 0 0 1 32 0 0 0 0 6 191

Sivagangai 1 32 1 32 1 32 1 32 1 32 5 160

Thanjavur 1 32 0 0 0 0 1 32


Theni 0 2 64 0 0 0 2 64

Tirunelveli 7 223 3 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 318

Thoothukudi 7 223 0 0 0 0 7 223

Tiruppur 1 32 1 32 1 32 1 32 3 95 7 223

Vellore 1 32 3 95 0 0 0 4 127


Total 62 1976 18 573 4 128 3 96 5 159 92 2932

Grand total 7920 2439 4421 4255 4520 23556

141


Table 3.38 Establishment of Farmers Learning Centre

(₹ in lakhs)


YEAR

I II III IV V Total


Farmer Learning Centre at Market Committee Complex, @ Rs. 70 Lakhs / unit

Cuddalore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 70 1 70

Erode 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 70 1 70

Nagapattinam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 70 1 70

Namakkal 0 0 0 0 1 70 1 70

Salem 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 70 1 70 2 140

Dharmapuri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 70 1 70

Sivagangai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 70 1 70

Thanjavur 0 0 0 0 1 70 1 70


Thiruvallur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 70 1 70

Villupuram 0 0 0 0 1 70 1 70 2 140

Virudhunagar 0 0 0 0 0 1 70 1 70

Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 140 12 840 14 980

142


3.4.5 Provision of market accessories

Market accessories and infrastructure facilities are said to be the blood vessels for

the smooth and effective functioning of market institution at all levels. Provision of market

accessories like weighing electronic balance, tarpaulin, dunnage, plastic crates etc., and

market infrastructures like thrashing floor, drying yard, storage shed, grain silts, provision of

computers, solar dryers would go long way in upgrading market institution and both buyers

and sellers would be benefitted mutually. Plastic crates with the budget of Rs. 4.57 crores,

Tarpaulin with the budget of Rs. 12.68 crores, Dunnage with the budget of Rs. 13.34 crores,

Provision of Cashew Processing Machineries at Village level for Cashew Growers cum Mini

Processors with the budget of Rs. 8.81 crores, Provision of Machineries & Technical

Building for the Manufacture of Organic Country Sugar, Provision of Traditional Oil Expeller

Unit with the budget of Rs. 0.13 crores, Quality testing Equipment - Cotton fibre tester with

the budget of Rs. 1.3 crores, IRRI super gunny bags with the budget of Rs. 0.84 crores,

Electronic balance with the budget of Rs. 0.51 crores, Turmeric boiler with the budget of Rs.

0.02 crores, Turmeric grader with the budget of Rs. 0.2 crores, Turmeric polisher with the

budget of Rs. 0.7 crores, Turmeric powder making machine with the budget of Rs. 0.5

crores, Solar dryer with the budget of Rs. 1.2 crores, Tapioca chips cutter with the budget of

Rs. 0.06 crores, Grading sieve with the budget of Rs. 0.05 crores, Power operated

Groundnut decorticator with the budget of Rs. 0.9 crores, Pulses grading machine with the

budget of Rs. 0.55 crores, Pepper berry separator with the budget of Rs. 0.05 crores,

Distribution of multilayered low density polyethylene sheet with the budget of Rs. 1.02

crores, Banana vaccum packaging machine with the budget of Rs.0.15 crores, Poly

carbonate solar hybrid tunnel dryer to FPC with the budget of Rs. 0.08 crores are proposed

interventions for market accessories with the total budget outlay of Rs. 52.13 crores. The

details of physical and financial budget requirement of market accessories are presented in

Table 3.39.

143


Table 3.39 Provision of Market Accessories

(₹ in lakhs)


YEAR

I II III IV V Total


Plastic crates @ Rs.500/unit

Cuddalore 400 2 400 2 400 2 400 2 400 2 2000 10

Dharmapuri 2000 10 2000 10 2000 10 2000 10 1929 10 9929 50

Dindigul 2500 13 2500 13 2500 13 2500 13 2500 13 12500 65

Erode 2000 10 2000 10 2000 10 2000 10 2000 10 10000 50

Kancheepuram 780 4 780 4 780 4 780 4 780 4 3900 20

Namakkal 1500 8 1500 8 1500 8 1500 8 1500 8 7500 40

Pudukkottai 500 3 500 3 500 3 500 3 500 3 2500 15

Salem 2000 10 2000 10 2000 10 2000 10 2000 10 10000 50

Theni 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 500 5

Trichy 7000 35 0 0 0 7000 35 14000 70

Tirunelveli 5000 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 2000 10 7000 35

Thoothukudi 600 3 660 3 720 4 780 4 840 4 3600 18

Thiruvallur 1500 8 1500 8 1500 8 1500 8 1500 8 7500 40

Vellore 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 500 5

Total 25980 133 14040 73 14100 74 14160 74 23149 119 91429 473

Tarpaulin @ 6 m x 6 m @ Rs. 7000 / unit

Cuddalore 100 7 200 14 200 14 200 14 200 14 900 63

Dharmapuri 80 6 80 6 80 6 80 6 68 5 388 29

Erode 100 7 100 7 100 7 100 7 100 7 500 35

Karur 80 6 80 6 80 6 80 6 80 6 400 30

Krishnagiri 200 14 200 14 200 14 200 14 200 14 1000 70

Kancheepuram 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 30 0

Madurai 702 49 702 49 702 49 702 49 702 49 3510 245

144


Table 3.39 Provision of Market Accessories (Contd.,)


YEAR

I II III IV V Total


Perambalur 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 100 5

Pudukkottai 450 32 450 32 450 32 450 32 450 32 2250 160

Ramanathapuram 110 8 110 8 55 4 55 4 110 8 440 32

Salem 1000 70 1000 70 1000 70 1000 70 1000 70 5000 351

Thanjavur 100 7 125 9 150 11 175 12 200 14 750 53

Theni 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 15 0

Trichy 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 100 5

Tirunelveli 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 100 5

Thoothukudi 200 14 200 14 200 14 200 14 200 14 1000 70

Tiruppur 35 2 35 2 35 2 35 2 35 2 175 10

Thiruvallur 200 14 200 14 200 14 200 14 200 14 1000 70

Virudhunagar 58 4 60 4 55 4 170 12 115 8 458 32

Total 3484 243 3611 252 3576 250 3716 259 3729 260 18116 1264

Dunnage @ Rs. 8000/ unit - steel

Cuddalore 500 40 500 40 500 40 500 40 500 40 2500 200

Erode 500 40 400 32 600 48 500 40 500 40 2500 200

Kancheepuram 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 9 110 9

Namakkal 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 75 5

Salem 1000 80 1000 80 1000 80 1000 80 1000 80 5000 400

Theni 500 40 400 32 600 48 500 40 500 40 2500 200

Trichy 450 36 0 0 0 0 450 36

Tirunelveli 450 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 450 36

Thoothukudi 36 3 48 4 60 5 72 6 84 7 300 25

Thiruvallur 150 12 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 210 16

Vellore 100 8 100 8 100 8 100 8 100 8 500 40

Virudhunagar 0 0 0 0 0 2075 166 2075 166

Total 3701 296 2478 198 2890 231 2702 216 4899 392 16670 1333

145




YEAR

I II III IV V Total


Provision of Cashew Processing Machineries at Village level for Cashew Growers cum Mini Processors

Cuddalore 10 134.8 5 75 5 82.5 10 181.5 90 407.15 120 881

Provision of Machineries & Technical Building for the Manufacture of Organic Country Sugar, Provision of Traditional Oil Expeller Unit

Cuddalore 0 0 1 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 13

Quality testing Equipment- Cotton fibre tester @ 65 lakhs/unit

Dharmapuri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 65 1 65

Thanjavur 0 1 65 1 65

Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 130 2 130

IRRI super gunny bag @ Rs.100/bag

Dharmapuri 300 0 300 0 300 0 300 0 290 0 1490 0

Namakkal 1500 2 1500 2 1500 2 1500 2 1500 2 7500 10

Trichy 14000 14 14000 14 14000 14 14000 14 14000 14 70000 70

Thiruvallur 1000 1 1000 1 1000 1 1000 1 1000 1 5000 5

Total 16800 17 16800 17 16800 17 16800 17 16790 17 83990 85

146




YEAR

I II III IV V Total


Electronic balance @ 100 kg @ Rs. 7000/unit

Dindigul 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 13 1 53 5

Kancheepuram 26 2 26 2 26 2 26 2 26 2 130 10

Madurai 50 4 50 4 50 4 50 4 34 2 234 18

Ramanathapuram 10 1 10 1 10 1 15 1 3 0 48 4

Salem 40 3 40 3 40 3 40 3 40 3 200 15

Thoothukudi 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 50 5

Virudhunagar 0 0 0 2 0 8 1 0 10 1

Total 146 12 146 12 148 12 159 13 126 9 725 58

Turmeric boiler @ Rs 10000/unit

Erode 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 5 1

Salem 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 15 0

Total 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 8 1 20 1

Turmeric grader @ Rs 10.00 lakhs

Erode 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 20 2 20

Turmeric polisher @ @ Rs 2.00 lakhs

Erode 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 10 5 10

Namakkal 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 10 20

Salem 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 20 40

Total 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 11 22 35 70

Turmeric powder making machine @Rs 5.00 lakhs

Erode 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 50 10 50

Solar dryer @ Rs 8 lakh/unit

Coimbatore 3 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 4 32

Krishnagiri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 16 2 16

Nagapattinam 1 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 2 16

Salem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 1 8

Tiruppur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 48 6 48

Total 4 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 88 15 120

147




YEAR

I II III IV V Total


Tapioca chips cutter @ @ Rs. 50000/-

Namakkal 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5

Salem 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5

Total 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 10 10

Grading sieve @ Rs.1000/ unit

Namakkal 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 500 5

Power operated Groundnut decorticator @ Rs 6.0 L

Namakkal 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 5 30

Virudhunagar 0 0 2 12 2 12 6 36 75 450 85 510

Total 101 7 103 19 103 19 107 43 176 457 590 545

Pulses grading machine @ Rs.5 L/unit

Namakkal 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 5 25

Salem 1 5 1 5 1 5 2 10 2 10 7 35

Total 2 10 2 10 2 10 3 15 3 15 12 5

Pepper berry separator @ @Rs.50000/unit

Namakkal 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 10 5

Distribution of multilayered low density polyethylene sheet 18‟x24‟ size (120 GSM) @ Rs.2,000/No.

Pudukkottai 1200 11 1200 13 1200 12 1230 13 1230 22 6060 72

Banana Vaccum Packaging machine @ Rs. 1.5 lakhs/unit

Salem 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 10 15

Poly Carbonate Solar Hybrid Tunnel Dryer to FPC @ Rs 8 lakhs /unit

Coimbatore 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 0 0 1 8

Grand Total 914 700 726 858 2016 5213

148


Table 3.40 Abstract for Infrastructure Requirement in Agricultural Marketing Sector

(₹ in lakhs)

S.

No Interventions

Year Total

I II III IV V

1 Establishment of Marketing

Structures

10442 4004 6619 40274 4380 65719

2 Establishment of

Processing Units

378 268 284 197 1690 2817

3

Establishment /

Strengthening of Marketing

Institutions

7920 2439 4421 4255 4520 23555

4 Establishment of Farmers

Learning Centre

0 0 0 140 840 980

5 Provision of Market

Accessories

914 700 726 858 2016 5213

Total 19654 7411 12050 45724 13446 98284

The overall budget requirement for Agricultural Marketing Sector is Rs. 982.84

crores. The details of financial requirement for five years are presented in above Table 3.40.

149


3.5 Infrastructure requirement for Seed certification

3.5.1 Establishment of seed processing units and seed testing labs

Timely availability of certified quality seeds with good yield potential continues to be

the decisive factor in agricultural production in order to achieve the target of doubling the

yield and hence should be given utmost importance. The Department of Seed Certification

and Organic certification plays vital role in the enhancement of seed replacement rate by

certifying quality seeds.

The seed certification wing is responsible for the production of certified seeds of

notified varieties of crops. The seed quality control activities involve the inspection of seed

selling point at regular intervals and drawing of seed sample for quality check from seed lots

kept for sale. The samples are analyzed in the notified seed testing laboratories and based

on the results of analytical reports actions are initiated against sub-standard seed lots.

Even as seeds are grains, not all grains are seeds because they possess certain

qualities that enable them to grow. Establishment of seed testing lab will check those

qualities like germination level, moisture content, physical purity and other distinguished

variety (ODV), pest and disease infestation. If grains brought by farmers gratify minimum

level of these qualities, they will be treated as seeds. Otherwise, they will be used as grains

only. While germination test will ensure planting value of the seed, moisture content will

determine quality of seed and seed purity decides quality and market value. The ODV test

will help detect if there are any mixture of other varieties with one particular variety. Mixture

of other varieties will decrease seed quality and create problems in developing into

seedlings in the field. Thus to improve the seed quality, the seed processing units and seed

testing laboratories are essentially need in the seed producing areas to achieve the goal.

The plans are proposed to establish the above units and laboratories at the budget outlay of

Rs. 1,858 lakhs (Table 3.41).

150


Table 3.41 Establishment of Seed Processing Units and Seed Testing Labs

(₹ in lakhs)


YEAR

I II III IV V Total


Establishment/

Modernizing seed

processing units @ Rs

400 lakhs/unit

Cuddalore 1 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 0 1 400

Dindigul 1 100 0 100 0 100 0 0 0 100 1 400

Pudukkottai 1 100 0 100 0 0 0 100 0 100 1 400

Theni 1 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 1 400

Total ` 4 400 0 400 0 300 0 300 0 200 4 1600

Establishment of seed

complex @ Rs 155

lakhs/unit

Erode 1 155 1 155

Seed testing laboratory

(4500 sq.ft.) @ Rs 100

lakhs/unit

Karur 1 100 1 100

Mini Seed testing lab

@ Rs 3 lakhs/unit

Cuddalore 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 3

Grand Total 658 400 300 300 200 1858

151


3.5.2 Strengthening of Seed Certification Institutions

Strengthening of the Directorate of Seed Certification and Organic Certification is

essential to conduct the training programmes, review meetings, transfer of important

techniques, seed certification procedure and legislation in production. Strengthening of the

Department by creating IT based infrastructure with computers and networking to the

officials of the Department of Seed certification, Seed Inspection and Seed Testing wings,

establishment of seed complex with seed testing laboratory, seed inspection office with

technical support and modernization (updation) of seed certification procedure would

enhance the production of certified seeds considerably in the State.

Besides modernizing the existing units, training seed growers for quality seed

production, capacity building of extension functionaries, and provision of adequate

infrastructure facilities would go long way for improving the activities of seed certification

wing and seed testing laboratories in an effective manner. The details of district wise budget

requirement for undertaking the above interventions are furnished in Table 3.42

3.5.3 Seed Certification Accessories

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is proved to be powerful tool to

reach the downtrodden, neglected farming communities. The ICT tools could be used for

dissemination of the agricultural technologies and seed production technologies in time with

minimum budget. The Government of Tamil Nadu is equipping the State Agricultural

Department with the State-of-the-art ICT infrastructures under TNAUAGRITECH, which will

facilitate agricultural related information access and advisory services to the farmers and all

stakeholders of the supply-chain of the Agricultural system.

The seed moisture content (mc) is the amount of water in the seed. It is the most

vital parameter, which influence the seed quality and storage life of the seed. Seed moisture

content is closely associated with several aspects of physiological seed quality. For

example, it is related to seed maturity, optimum harvest time, mechanical damage,

economics of artificial seed drying, seed longevity and insect & pathogen infestation.

Distribution of moisture meters to the certification institution can effectively monitor the seed

moisture and seeds can be saved from infestation. To achieve the above objectives, the

infrastructure programmes are proposed with a budget outlay of Rs. 51 lakhs (Table 3.43).

.

152


Table 3.42 Strengthening of Seed Certification Institutions

(₹ in lakhs)


YEAR

I II III IV V Total


Strengthening of the Directorate of Seed Certification

Coimbatore 0 0 0 63 93 156

Strengthening of State seed processing unit

Ariyalur 30 0 0 0 0 30

Perambalur 1 1

Pudukkottai 1 1

Total 32 0 0 0 0 32

Strengthening of the Seed Testing Laboratories


Erode 1 1

Karur 1 1

Thanjavur 11 1 12

Kanchipuram 13 1 14

Nagapattinam 1 1

Dharmapuri 15 1 16

Dindigul 1 1

Krishnagiri 1 1

Namakkal 1 1

Ramanathapuram 1 1

Thoothukudi 1 1

Salem 1 1

Madurai 13 1 14

The Nilgiris 1 1

Trichy 12 1 13

Vellore 1 1

Sivagangai 1 1

Kanyakumari 1 1

Tiruvannamalai 1 1

Tiruppur 1 1

Tirunelveli 7 1 8

Tiruvallur 1 1

Theni 1 1

Virudhunagar 1 1

Villupuram 0 1 1

Total 82 4 18 4 4 112

Strengthening of the DNA Finger Print Laboratory

Coimbatore 4 4 8

Grand Total 118 4 18 71 97 308

153


Table 3.43 Seed Certification Accessories

(₹ in lakhs)

Interventions Implementing

Districts

YEAR

I II III IV V Total


Moisture Meter @

Rs.50000/No.

Madurai 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 50 25

Tiruvarur 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 20 10

Supply of dunnage @

Rs.5000/No.

Madurai 50 3 50 3 50 3 50 3 50 3 250 15

Supply of Tablets @

Rs.10000/No.

Madurai 8 1 8 1

Total 11 10 10 10 10 51

154


Table 3.44 Consolidated Budgets for Infrastructure Development in Seed Certification

(₹ in lakhs)

S.

No. Interventions

Year Total

I II III IV V

1 Establishment of Seed

Processing Units and Seed

Testing Labs

658 400 300 300 200 1858

2 Strengthening of Seed

Certification Institutions

118 4 18 71 97 308

3 Seed Certification

Accessories

11 10 10 10 10 51

Total 787 414 328 381 307 2217

The overall budget requirement for Seed Certification Sector is Rs. 2,217 lakhs. The

details of financial requirement for five years are presented in above Table 3.44.

155


3.6 Infrastructure Requirement for Animal Husbandry Sector

3.6.1 Establishment of livestock farms and poultry industry

Intensive animal farming or industrial livestock production, also called factory

farming, is a modern form of intensive farming that refers to the keeping of livestock, such as

cattle and poultry at higher stocking densities than is usually the case with other forms of

animal agriculture. The main products of this industry are meat, milk and eggs for human

consumption. Confinement at high stocking density is one part of a systematic effort to

produce the highest output at the lowest cost by relying on economies of scale, modern

machinery, biotechnology and global trade. Livestock industry continues to demonstrate a

beneficial impact on rural people by improving their income, employment and consumption

and thereby acting as a potential tool in alleviating rural poverty. The livestock population is

expected to grow at the rate of 0.55 per cent in the coming years and the population is likely

to be around 781 million by 2050. However, the productivity of animals is of 20-60 per cent

lower than the global average due to improper nutrition, inadequate health care and

management. Hence in Tamil Nadu State, the establishment of dairy farms; piggery units;

buffalo dairy units; goattery unit; integrated farming units; model farms; mini dairy units;

cattle shed; poultry shed; farm road and development of poultry broiler industry need to be

intensified with a budget overlay of Rs. 30,614 lakhs (Table 3.45).

3.6.2 Establishment of cattle feed production units

Fodder scarcity and poor quality of available fodder are the major constraints in

increasing livestock productivity. Enhancing the production of livestock is absolutely

essential. The production cost of cattle feed coupled with erratic supply of green fodder due

to frequent drought condition aggravate the situation. In order to achieve the projected

demand for fodder, it is necessary to bring more area under high yielding fodder crops for

which quality seeds of improved variety is the pre-requisite. Besides, emphasis has to be

laid on optimum utilization of wasteland to grow fodder. Establishment of Azolla plots;

Hydroponics fodder production unit; Fodder seed bank; Cattle feed manufacturing unit;

Mineral mixture plant; silo; rural herbal nursery units for SHG women; solar powered units;

Seed Godown and Production of fodder seed testing unit - Chilling centres are suggested

for enhancing the activities of animal husbandry sector in Tamil Nadu State with an overall

budget of Rs. 3,023 lakhs. The number of units required for establishing the cattle feed

production units in various districts are presented in Table 3.46.

156


Table 3.45 Establishment of Livestock Farms and Poultry Units

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishment of dairy farms @ Rs 70,000/unit

Thoothukudi 20 14 20 14 20 14 20 14 20 14 100 70

Dindigul 20 14 20 14

Sub total 40 28 20 14 20 14 20 14 20 14 120 84

Establishment of Piggery units @ Rs 36,000/unit

Thoothukudi 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 25 9


Sub total 20 7 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 40 15

Buffalo dairy units @ Rs 4.5 lakhs/unit

Ariyalur 1 5 0 0 0 25 113 26 118

Coimbatore 7 32 7 32 7 32 7 32 8 36 36 164

Cuddalore 0 0 4 18 0 173 779 177 797

Erode 0 0 0 0 173 779 173 779

Karur 0 0 0 173 779 0 173 779

Trichy 0 173 779 0 0 0 173 779

Pudukkottai 173 779 0 0 0 0 173 779

Thanjavur 0 0 173 779 0 0 173 779

Kancheepuram 173 779 0 0 0 0 173 779

Nagapattinam 4 18 7 32 7 32 9 41 9 41 36 164

Dharmapuri 0 173 779 0 0 0 173 779

Ramanathapuram 0 0 0 173 779 0 173 779

Thoothukudi 173 779 0 0 0 0 173 779

Salem 0 0 173 779 0 0 173 779

Madurai 173 779 0 0 0 0 173 779

Trichy 173 779 0 0 0 0 173 779

Sivagangai 0 0 0 0 173 779 173 779

Kanyakumari 0 0 0 0 173 779 173 779

157


Table 3.45 Establishment of Livestock Farms and Poultry Units (Contd.,)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Virudhunagar 2 9 7 32 16 72 15 68 173 779 213 960

Villupuram 0 0 0 0 173 779 173 779

Dindigul 12 54 12 54 12 54 12 54 12 54 60 270


Theni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Krishnagiri 11 50 11 50 11 50 11 50 184 828 228 1028

Tiruppur 0 0 0 0 173 779 173 779

Namakkal 0 0 0 0 173 779 173 779

Thiruvarur 0 0 0 0 173 779 173 779

Tirunelveli 0 0 0 0 173 779 173 779

Thiruvallur 0 0 0 0 173 779 173 779

Sub total 902 4063 390 1758 403 1816 400 1803 2314 10420 4409 19860

Establishment of goattery unit @ Rs 20000/unit

Nagapattinam 500 100 500 100 500 100 500 100 500 100 2500 500

Development of poultry Broiler industry @ Rs 1.88 lakhs/unit

Cuddalore 50 94 50 94 50 94 50 94 50 94 250 470

Establishment of

integrated farming

units in Theni District

Theni 28 28 28 28 28 140

158




Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishment of model

farm to conserve the

Trichy black

Trichy 10 10 10 10 10 0 50

Thanjavur 230 230

Theni 2 2 2 2 2 10

Sub total 12 242 12 12 12 290

Mini Dairy units @ Rs

1.52 lakhs/unit

Cuddalore 39 59 45 68 50 76 55 84 60 91 249 378

Nagapattinam 12 18 0 0 0 0 12 18

Dharmapuri 228 347 228 347 228 347 228 347 228 347 1140 1735

Ramanathapuram 115 175 115 175 115 175 115 175 115 175 575 875

Sivagangai 150 228 150 228 150 228 150 228 150 228 750 1140

Dindigul 253 385 253 385 253 385 253 385 253 385 1265 1925

Tiruvannamalai 100 152 100 152 100 152 100 152 100 152 500 760

Krishnagiri 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4

Tiruppur 30 46 30 46 30 46 30 46 30 46 150 230

Sub total 928 1412 922 1403 926 1409 931 1417 936 1424 4643 7065

Cattle shed (445 sq feet) @ Rs 1.25 lakhs/unit

325 406 325 406 325 406 325 406 325 406 1625 2030

Poultry shed @ Rs 6 lakhs/unit

2 12 2 12 2 12 2 12 2 12 10 60

Farm Road (metal road) @ Rs 10 lakhs/km


Sub total 6262 4059 3893 3888 12512 30614

159




Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishment of goattery unit @ Rs 20000/unit

Nagapattinam 500 100 500 100 500 100 500 100 500 100 2500 500

Development of poultry Broiler industry @ Rs 1.88 lakhs/unit

Cuddalore 50 94 50 94 50 94 50 94 50 94 250 470

Establishment of integrated farming units in Theni District

Theni 28 28 28 28 28 140

Establishment of model farm to conserve the Trichy black

Trichy 10 10 10 10 10 0 50

Thanjavur 230 230

Theni 2 2 2 2 2 10

Sub total 12 242 12 12 12 290

Mini Dairy units @ Rs 1.52 lakhs/unit

Cuddalore 39 59 45 68 50 76 55 84 60 91 249 378

Nagapattinam 12 18 0 0 0 0 12 18

Dharmapuri 228 347 228 347 228 347 228 347 228 347 1140 1735

Ramanathapuram 115 175 115 175 115 175 115 175 115 175 575 875

Sivagangai 150 228 150 228 150 228 150 228 150 228 750 1140

Dindigul 253 385 253 385 253 385 253 385 253 385 1265 1925

Tiruvannamalai 100 152 100 152 100 152 100 152 100 152 500 760

Krishnagiri 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4

Tiruppur 30 46 30 46 30 46 30 46 30 46 150 230

Sub total 928 1412 922 1403 926 1409 931 1417 936 1424 4643 7065

Cattle shed (445 sq feet) @ Rs 1.25 lakhs/unit

325 406 325 406 325 406 325 406 325 406 1625 2030

Poultry shed @ Rs 6 lakhs/unit

2 12 2 12 2 12 2 12 2 12 10 60

Farm Road (metal road) @ Rs 10 lakhs/km


Grand total 6262 4059 3893 3888 12512 30614

160


Table 3.46 Establishment of Cattle Feed Production Units (₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishment of Azolla plots @ Rs 3500/unit

Coimbatore 114 4 114 4 142 5 142 5 171 6 683 24

Cuddalore 57 2 57 2 57 2 57 2 57 2 285 10

Pudukkottai 142 5 228 8 142 5 142 5 142 5 796 28

Nagapattinam 285 10 285 10 285 10 285 10 285 10 1425 50

Ramanathapuram 85 3 85 3 85 3 85 3 85 3 425 15

Salem 285 10 314 11 342 12 371 13 428 15 1740 61

Madurai 114 4 114 4 114 4 114 4 114 4 570 20

Virudhunagar 142 5 140 5 285 10 428 15 371 13 1366 48

Villupuram 342 12 342 12 342 12 342 12 342 12 1710 60

Dindigul 160 6 160 6 160 6 160 6 160 6 800 30


Krishnagiri 114 4 114 4 114 4 114 4 114 4 570 20

Tiruppur 314 11 314 11 314 11 314 11 314 11 1570 55

Tiruvallur 28 1 28 1 28 1 28 1 28 1 140 5

Sub total 2682 95 2795 99 2910 103 3082 109 3111 110 14580 516

Hydroponics fodder production unit @ Rs 3 lakhs/unit

Karur 3 9 3 10 3 9 4 12 4 12 17 55


The Nilgiris 160 479 160 479

Sub total 30 90 163 489 3 9 4 12 4 12 204 612

Fodder seed bank @ Rs 2 lakhs/unit

Salem 20 40 22 44 24 48 26 52 29 58 121 242

Sivagangai 290 580 290 580

Krishnagiri 30 60 30 60 30 60 30 60 30 60 150 300

Sub total 50 100 52 104 54 108 56 112 349 698 561 1122

161


Table 3.46 Establishment of Cattle Feed Production Units (Contd…)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Cattle feed manufacturing unit @ Rs 50 lakhs/unit

Trichy 1 50 1 50

Mineral mixture plant @ Rs 1 lakh/unit

Trichy 30 30 30 30


Sub total 37 37 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 65 65

Production of fodder seed testing unit and Chilling centres @ Rs 20 lakhs/unit

Thanjavur 2 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 40

Establishing 6x6x4 feet silo @ Rs 50000/unit

Thanjavur 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 50 25

Vellore 100 50 100 50 100 50 100 50 100 50 500 250

Krishnagiri 25 12.5 25 12.5 25 12.5 25 12.5 25 12.5 125 63

Sub total 135 68 135 68 135 68 135 68 135 68 675 338

Establishing rural herbal nursery units for SHG women and solar powered units @ Rs 3000/unit

Thanjavur 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 250 10

Thoothukudi 15 0 15 0.45

Madurai 200 6 200 6 200 6 200 6 200 6 1000 30

Sub total 265 8 250 8 250 8 250 8 250 8 1265 40

Godown @ Rs 40 lakhs/unit

PudukkottaI 1 40 1 40

Seed godown @ Rs 25 lakhs/unit

Salem 4 100 4 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 200

Grand total 628 875 303 316 903 3023

162



The vision of organic agriculture in India has necessitated to recognize the need to

change in farming system approach and initiated program to promote organic farming in a

big way. The Network Project on Organic Farming (NPOF) for promotion of organic farming

and the National Program for Organic Production (NPOP) to provide institutional mechanism

for implementation of National Standards for organic cultivation and accreditation of

certification agencies and inspecting agencies would pave way for the production and

distribution of quality and safe food and also help in protecting the environmental

degradation owing to indiscriminate use of chemicals in crop cultivation.

The diverse climatic region in Tamil Nadu favors cultivation of wide range of crops

under the “organic” system of cultivation. The major focus is to improve the soil fertility and

productivity by encouraging biological cycles within the farming systems by involving micro-

organisms, soil flora and fauna, plants and animals etc. The overall budget of Rs. 541 lakhs

allocated to undertake the various interventions like establishment of Vermicomposting units

at Coimbatore, Pudukkottai, Nagapattinam, Sivagangai, Kanyakumari, Villupuram, Dindigul

and Tiruppur districts; and disposal pits for poultry unit at Coimbatore, Dindigul and

Krishnagiri districts are shown in Table 3.47.


With increasing demand on water from various sectors, the availability of water is

under severe stress. Agriculture sector is the largest use of water. While irrigation projects

(Major and medium) have contributed to the development of water resources, conventional

methods of irrigation are inefficient and lead to wastage of water. It has been recognized

that the use of modern irrigation methods like drip and sprinkler irrigation are the ways for

the efficient use of surface as well as ground water resources. A scientific method of

irrigation viz., Sinking of new Bore wells with submersible motor EB, Pump room and pipe

line arrangements, Open wells (LS), Providing surface level tank (200000 lit capacity) and

Farm ponds in Pudukkottai district; and Sprinklers in Salem and Villupuram districts were

targeted with an overall budget of Rs. 285 lakhs (Table 3.48).

163


Table 3.47 Production of Organic Manure

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total I


Vermicomposting unit @ Rs 50,000/unit

Coimbatore 4 2 4 2 6 3 6 3 8 4 28 14

Pudukkottai 6 3 6 3 0 0 0 12 6

Nagapattinam 66 33 66 33 66 33 66 33 66 33 330 165

Sivagangai 16 8 16 8 16 8 16 8 16 8 80 40

Kanyakumari 0 0 10 5 6 3 6 3 12 6 34 17

Villupuram 32 16 32 16 32 16 32 16 32 16 160 80

Dindigul 34 17 34 17 34 17 34 17 34 17 170 85

Tiruppur 26 13 26 13 26 13 26 13 26 13 130 65

Sub total 184 92 194 97 186 93 186 93 194 97 944 472

Establishment of disposal pits for poultry unit @ Rs 3,000/unit

Coimbatore 260 7.8 260 7.8 260 7.8 260 7.8 260 7.8 1300 39

Dindigul 100 3.0 100 3.0 100 3.0 100 3.0 100 3.0 500 15

Krishnagiri 100 3.0 100 3.0 100 3.0 100 3.0 100 3.0 500 13

Sub total 460 13.8 460 13.8 460 13.8 460 13.8 460 13.8 2300 69

Grand total 105 110 106 106 110 541

164


Table 3.48 Propagation of Drip / Micro Irrigation

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Sinking of new Bore wells (8‟ DIA,

1000‟ Depth) with submersible

motor, EB, Pump room and pipe

line arrangements @ Rs 10

lakhs/unit

Pudukkottai 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 5 50

Open wells (LS) @ Rs 8 lakhs/unit Pudukkottai 1 8 2 16 1 8 1 8 0 0 5 40

Providing surface level

tank(200000 lit capacity) @ Rs 30

lakhs/ unit

Pudukkottai 1 30 1 30 1 30 0 0 0 0 3 90

Sprinklers Salem 19 75 19 75

Villupuram 1 4 4 4 4 4 1 20

Farm ponds @ Rs.2 lakhs/ unit Pudukkottai 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 5 10

Grand total 129 62 54 24 16 285

165


3.6.5 Strengthening of breeding units

Artificial insemination (AI) has proven to be very effective for the improvement of the

genetic potential of animals for higher production and there is no surprise why today AI is

the back bone of all breeding programmes in India. In commercial dairy production, over

80% of all the cattle are now bred artificially. A large proportion of the success is due to

improvement of the genetic potential of dairy cattle through use of outstanding sires by

artificial insemination. The entire gamut of activities and processes involved in semen

production, processing, storage and distribution will be modernized to improve the efficiency

of the AI programme. Departmental Farms will also be strengthened to act as ET hubs to

revamp the frozen semen production, processing, storage and distribution. Strengthening of

breeding inputs (infra, instrument, equipment and vehicle) in Coimbatore, Thanjavur,

Nagapattinam, Villupuram and Tiruppur districts; Establishment of Semen Bank in Salem;

and establishment of Frozen Semen Bank at Veterinary College and Research Institute, and

Bovine Infertility Diagnostic and Training Centre with special reference to Buffaloes in

Namakkal were proposed at an overall budget of Rs. 2,576 lakhs. The details of district-wise

budget split-up are shown in Table 3.49.

3.6.6 Provision of facilities for improved delivery of veterinary services

Veterinary services need to be delivered following "Good Veterinary practices" and

“Good Animal Husbandry Practices” for which, minimum infrastructure like proper building,

necessary equipments, furniture, etc., should be available. The advances in the field of

Veterinary profession can be disseminated more effectively in an efficient, user friendly

environment for the ultimate benefit of the farmers. Improved infrastructure facilities will

provide improved veterinary services contributing to reduction in the incidences of animal

diseases thereby increasing the overall productivity of animal wealth.

The Rural Veterinary Dispensaries and Veterinary Institutions are either functioning

from rented premises or in dilapidated buildings do not satisfy the requirement and with a

restricted scope for further expansion, these are not ideal infrastructure. This necessitates

strengthening the infrastructure of the veterinary institutions to offer better delivery of

services and to reshape itself into knowledge resource centers where best practices are

being disseminated to the farmers. By this the State‟s impressive cross bred cattle gene

pool can be favorably exploited for increased egg, meat and milk production. It is proposed

build facilities for improved delivery of veterinary services with an overall budget of

Rs. 4,200 lakhs in almost all the districts of Tamil Nadu (Table 3.50).

166


Table 3.49 Strengthening of Breeding Units

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Strengthening of breeding inputs (infra, instrument, equipment and vehicle)

Coimbatore 10 25 10 30 10 30 10 32 10 24 50 141

Thanjavur 1 595 0 0 1 420 0 0 0 0 2 1015

Nagapattinam 2 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 40

Villupuram 1 50 50 50 50 50 1 250

Tiruppur 20 6 20 6 20 6 20 6 20 6 100 30

Sub total 716 86 506 88 80 1476

Establishment of Semen Bank @ Rs 50 lakhs/unit

Salem 2 100 3 150 4 200 3 150 2 100 14 700

Establishment of Frozen Semen Bank at Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal @ Rs 50 lakhs/unit

Namakkal 4 200 4 200

Establishment of Bovine Infertility Diagnostic and Training Centre with special reference to Buffaloes @ Rs 200 lakhs/unit


Grand total 1216 236 706 238 180 2576

167


Table 3.50 Provision of Facilities for Improved Delivery of Veterinary Services (₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Provision of facilities for improved delivery of veterinary services @ Rs 50 lakhs/unit

Ariyalur 1 50 1 50

Coimbatore 1 50 1 50 1 50 3 150

Cuddalore 1 50 1 50 1 50 3 150

Erode 2 100 2 100

Karur 1 50 1 50

Trichy 1 50 1 50

Pudukkottai 1 50 1 50 2 100 2 100 6 300

Thanjavur 1 50 1 50 1 50 3 150


Nagapattinam 2 100 2 100 2 100 2 100 2 100 10 500

Dharmapuri 1 50 1 50 2 100


Salem 4 200 4 200 7 350 3 150 3 150 21 1050

Madurai 1 50 1 1 50 3 100

Trichy 1 50 1 50

Vellore 1 50 1 50


Kanyakumari 1 50 1 50



Dindigul 3 150 2 100 2 100 2 100 2 100 11 550

Tiruvannamalai 1 50 1 50

Theni 1 50 1 50


Tiruppur 1 50 1 50

Namakkal 1 50 1 50

Thiruvarur 1 50 1 50


Tiruvallur 1 50 1 50

Grand total 1450 800 750 600 600 4200

168


3.6.7 Strengthening infrastructure facilities in veterinary health institutions and dairy

units

Providing proper infrastructure and equipment to the veterinary health care

institutions is necessary for the timely diagnosis and treatment of animal diseases. Further a

strong program for the supply of sufficient veterinary vaccine is imperative. Each veterinary

health care institution is to be provided with cold storage facilities to store vaccine.

Sensitization of the general public and livestock farmers on various livestock diseases

through information, education and communication campaign would help in educating the

people about animal diseases. Similarly strengthening of veterinary institution, livestock

farm, and modernization of dairy units and conduct of health camps are suggested for

enhancing the activities of animal husbandry sector. Building to veterinary institution/Quality

Assurance Lab; Modernization of Chilled Water System, Process Equipments and

Expansion of Butter and SMP Godowns with Security Measures around the boundary of

Dairy at Krishnagiri district; strengthening infrastructure for production of Ultra Heat

Treatment (UHT) milk and related products; Creation of facilities at Vellore dairy for value

addition of milk procured from farmers; Strengthening of Extension Services; Upgradation of

Bacterial Vaccines Production Laboratory to GMP Standard at IVPM, Ranipet; Mobile

medical ambulance; Mobile input units; Storage godown for liquid nitrogen at Cattle

Breeding fodder Development, Uppidamangalam, Karur; Provision of separate Post Mortem

Room; and Construction of Dead bird Disposal pit are proposed in various districts at an

overall budget of Rs.17,059 lakhs Table 3.51.

3.6.8 Establishment of New Structures for Veterinary Services

Livestock productivity is dependent on effective health management. An all-

encompassing approach covering vaccine production, sero-surveillance, vaccination,

biosecurity, disease diagnosis and appropriate interventions will ensure better livestock

health leading to sustained productivity. The infrastructure viz., starting new hospitals &

dispensaries / sub-Centre etc.; establishment of Solar lighting panels at veterinary

institutions, surgical theatres at veterinary institution, mobile disease diagnostic labs, ASV

lab of GMP standards at IVPM, and Innovation and Instrumentation Centre to fabricate farm

equipment‟s/devices for sustainable livestock farming are proposed at an budget overlay of

Rs. 7,658 lakhs. The details of budget requirement in various districts are shown in Table

3.52.

169


Table 3.51 Strengthening Infrastructure Facilities

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Providing infrastructure /strengthening- Building to veterinary institution/Quality Assurance Lab @ Rs 30 lakhs/unit

Coimbatore 1 30 1 30 1 30 1 30 1 30 5 150

Karur 0 1 30 0 0 0 1 30

Pudukkottai 7 210 2 60 2 60 2 60 2 60 15 450

Thanjavur 3 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 90 6 180

Kancheepuram 1 30 0 0 0 0 1 30

Nagapattinam 2 60 2 60 2 60 2 60 2 60 10 300

Salem 1 30 4 120 1 30 0 0 1 30 7 210

The Nilgiris 2 60 0 0 0 0 2 60

Trichy 1 30 0 0 0 0 1 30

Vellore 3 90 3 90 3 90 3 90 3 90 15 450

Sivagangai 1 30 1 30 4 120 5 150 5 150 16 480

Kanyakumari 8 240 2 60 1 30 1 30 1 30 13 390


Villupuram 13 390 13 390 13 390 13 390 13 390 65 1950

Dindigul 1 30 0 0 0 0 1 30

Tiruppur 1 30 1 30 1 30 1 30 1 30 5 150

Namakkal 0 0 3 90 0 15 450 18 540

Tirunelveli 0 0 0 0 28 840 28 840

Sub total 1410 900 930 840 2250 6330

Strengthening of Infrastructure by necessary Modernization of Chilled Water System, Process Equipments and Expansion of Butter and SMP Godowns with Security Measures around the boundary of Dairy at Krishnagiri.


170


Table 3.51 Strengthening Infrastructure Facilities (Contd…)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Strengthening infrastructure for production of Ultra Heat Treatment (UHT) milk and related products

Salem 5 1400 3 2752 8 4152

Creation of facilities at Vellore dairy for value addition of milk procured from farmers

Vellore 1 204 1 204

Strengthening of Extension Services @ Rs 30 lakhs/unit

Vellore 2 60 2 60

Upgradation of Bacterial Vaccines Production Laboratory to GMP Standard at IVPM, Ranipet @ Rs 20 lakhs/unit

Vellore 22 450 22 450

Mobile medical ambulance @ Rs 50 lakhs/unit

Ariyalur 2 100 2 100

Cuddalore 2 100 2 100

Erode 1 50 3 150 1 50 1 50 1 50 7 350

Karur 2 100 2 100

Trichy 3 150 3 150


Nagapattinam 1 50 0 0 2 100 0 0 3 150 6 300


Ramanathapuram 3 150 3 150


Salem 3 150 3 150

Madurai 3 150 3 150

The Nilgiris 3 150 3 150

Trichy 3 150 3 150

171


Table 3.51 Strengthening Infrastructure Facilities (Contd…)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Vellore 3 150 3 150





Dindigul 3 150 3 150


Theni 3 150 3 150


Tiruppur 3 150 3 150



Thiruvallur 0 3 150 3 150

Sub total 19 950 9 450 8 400 7 350 39 1950 82 4100

Mobile input units @ Rs 6 lakhs/unit

Trichy 9 54 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 54

Vellore 3 18 2 12 2 12 2 12 2 12 11 66

Sub total 72 12 12 12 12 120

Storage godown for liquid nitrogen at Cattle Breeding fodder Development, Uppidamangalam, Karur

Karur 1 30 1 20 2 50

Provision of separate Post Mortem Room @ 10.00 Lakh /unit (500 Sq.ft)

Erode 1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10

Construction of Dead bird Disposal pit @ Rs.2.00 Lakhs/unit (10'X6'X8')

Erode 1 2 1 2

Grand total 3934 4338 1792 1202 5793 17059

172


Table 3.52 Establishment of New Structures for Veterinary Services (₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Starting new hospitals & dispensaries / sub-Centre etc. @ Rs 90 lakhs/unit

Cuddalore 1 90 0 0 0 0 1 90

Salem 11 990 0 0 0 0 11 990

The Nilgiris 2 180 2 180 2 180 2 180 2 180 10 900

Virudhunagar 1 90 0 0 0 2 180 3 270

Krishnagiri 2 180 2 180 2 180 2 180 2 180 10 900

Tirunelveli 1 90 0 0 0 0 1 90

Sub total 18 1620 4 360 4 360 4 360 6 540 36 3240

Establishment of Solar lighting panels at veterinary institutions @ Rs 7 lakhs/unit

Villupuram 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 5 35

Dindigul 10 70 10 70 10 70 10 70 10 70 50 350

Tiruppur 30 210 30 210 30 210 30 210 30 210 150 1050

Sub total 41 287 41 287 41 287 41 287 41 287 205 1435

Establishment of surgical theatres at veterinary institution @ Rs 10 lakhs/unit

Coimbatore 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 12 1 10 5 52

Erode 2 20 2 20 2 20 2 20 2 20 10 100


Nagapattinam 2 20 1 10 1 10 2 20 1 10 7 70




Villupuram 5 50 5 50 5 50 5 50 5 50 25 250

Dindigul 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 5 50

Tiruppur 2 20 2 20 2 20 2 20 2 20 10 100

Tiruvarur 2 20 2 20

Sub total 19 190 12 120 12 120 13 132 12 120 68 682

173


Table 3.52 Establishment of New Structures for Veterinary Services (Contd…)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishment of Mobile Disease Diagnostic Labs @ Rs 20 lakhs/unit

Coimbatore 2 40 2 40 2 40 2 40 2 40 10 200

Cuddalore 1 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 20

Erode 1 20 1 20

Thanjavur 1 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 20


Madurai 1 20 1 20

Trichy 1 20 1 20 2 40

Vellore 1 20 1 20


Villupuram 4 80 4 80 4 80 4 80 4 80 20 400

Tiruvannamalai 1 20 1 20

Tiruppur 1 20 1 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 40

Namakkal 1 20 1 20


Sub total 19 380 13 260 7 140 6 120 6 120 51 1020

Establishment of ASV lab of GMP standards at IVPM

Vellore 1 1131 1 1131

Establishment of Innovation and Instrumentation Centre to fabricate farm equipment‟s/ devices for sustainable livestock farming @ Rs 150 lakhs/unit


Grand total 3758 1027 907 899 1067 7658

174


3.6.9 Establishment of disease diagnostic centers

Animal health care services and prevention of animal diseases is a priority for

maintenance of a healthy livestock for optimum production. Protective and therapeutic

activities of the Animal Husbandry Department are being conducted through various

institutions such as Veterinary Polyclinics, Veterinary Hospitals, Veterinary Dispensaries,

Mobile Veterinary Units and sub-centres. Livestock are economically important and are

affected by many ailments. Delay in diagnosis of these conditions will lead to increase in

loss of productive days, increase in the recovery period and consequent loss of production.

Sometimes, due to inaccurate or delayed diagnosis, loss of life of the animals also results.

In order to avoid these loses to the farmers and to save the life of the animals, it is essential

to provide advanced diagnostic aids to the veterinary institutions. Modern diagnostic aids will

enable the Veterinary Institutions function as “Referral centres” by providing them with

cutting edge technologies/treatments, reduce loss of productivity due to delay in diagnosis

and will significantly reduce infertility among dairy cattle and prevent loss of germplasm.

Establishment of Bovine Infertility Diagnostic and Training Centre with special reference to

Buffaloes in Namakkal; Veterinary Forensic Sciences Laboratory in Kancheepuram;

Vaccination dispensaries in Erode; a “Centre for Poultry Products Certification for freedom

from microbes for Export” in Kancheepuram; and Providing ultrasound scanners CR X ray

unit in every district of Tamil Nadu are proposed at an budget outlay of Rs. 2,275 lakhs

(Table 3.53).

3.6.10 Establishment of mobile veterinary units

Mobile Veterinary Units function with the aim of providing doorstep delivery of

veterinary health services to livestock reared in remote areas. These units headed by

Veterinary Assistant Surgeons, travel around their area of operation on a scheduled

programme. These units are well recognized by the public as services are provided at the

doorsteps of the farmers. Artificial Inseminations have been performed by the Mobile

Veterinary Units. The objectives of these Mobile Veterinary Units are to provide health cover

and veterinary assistance to livestock and poultry at their doorsteps; to conduct preventive

vaccinations and control measures against outbreak of contagious diseases; to conduct

mass deworming of livestock in order to protect them from parasitic infestations; to

undertake artificial insemination on cows and she-buffaloes; and to provide advisory

services to livestock farmers on best practices. A budget outlay of Rs. 9,000 lakhs in various

districts of Tamil Nadu is proposed (Table 3.54).

175


Table 3.53 Establishment of Disease Diagnostic Centers

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishment of Veterinary Forensic Sciences Laboratory


Vaccination dispensaries @ Rs 2.39 lakhs/unit

Erode 10 24 10 24

Establishment of a “Centre for Poultry Products Certification for freedom from microbes for Export”


Providing ultrasound scanners CR X ray unit @ Rs 8 lakhs /unit

Coimbatore 2 16 3 24 5 40 2 16 2 16 14 112

Cuddalore 4 32 4 32

Erode 6 48 7 56 2 16 2 16 2 16 19 152

Karur 2 16 2 16



Nagapattinam 5 40 5 40 5 40 5 40 5 40 25 200




Salem 5 40 5 40 5 40 5 40 5 40 25 200

Madurai 2 16 2 16


176


Table 3.53 Establishment of Disease Diagnostic Centers (Contd…)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Trichy 2 16 2 16

Vellore 6 48 6 48


Virudhunagar 3 24 4 32 7 56 6 48 6 48 26 208

Villupuram 6 48 4 32 5 40 3 24 7 56 25 200

Dindigul 2 16 3 24 2 16 5 40 2 16 14 112


Krishnagiri 6 48 2 16 2 16 2 16 2 16 14 112

Tiruppur 3 24 3 24 2 16 2 16 2 16 12 96




Grand total 825 352 280 304 514 2275

177


Table 3.54 Establishment of Mobile Veterinary Units

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Mobile verterinary units

Rs 25 lakhs/unit

Ariyalur 3 75 1 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 100

Coimbatore 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 10 250

Cuddalore 1 25 0 0 0 0 1 25

Erode 1 25 1 25 0 0 0 2 50

Karur 0 1 25 0 0 0 1 25

Pudukkottai 1 25 0 0 0 0 1 25

Thanjavur 11 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 275

Kancheepuram 0 0 0 1 25 0 1 25

Nagapattinam 12 300 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 16 400


Thoothukudi 0 0 1 25 0 0 1 25

Salem 25 625 25 625 50 1250 50 1250 25 625 175 4375

Madurai 1 25 0 0 0 0 1 25

Trichy 6 150 1 25 0 0 0 7 175

Vellore 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 2 50 6 150

Sivagangai 1 25 0 0 0 0 1 25

Virudhunagar 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 5 125

Villupuram 9 225 9 225 9 225 9 225 9 225 45 1125

Dindigul 6 150 6 150 6 150 6 150 6 150 30 750

Theni 1 25 0 0 0 0 1 25

Krishnagiri 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 10 250

Tiruppur 1 25 1 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 50

Namakkal 5 125 5 125 5 125 5 125 5 125 25 625

Thiruvarur 1 25 0 0 0 0 1 25

Tirunelveli 1 25 0 0 0 0 1 25

Thiruvallur 1 25 0 0 0 0 1 25

Grand total 93 2325 57 1425 78 1950 78 1950 54 1350 360 9000

178


3.6.11 Establishment of milk processing units

In Tamil Nadu, milk group contributes more than 43% share in value of output from

livestock sector. The major quantity of milk is procured from farmers who rear cattle in the

villages. From the milk produced by small and marginal farmers, a small quantity is sold

locally and the remaining quantity is collected by societies. The milk thus collected is

transported in cans to nearby bulk milk cooling units, where milk is chilled instantly to a

temperature of 40 C and kept in an insulated tank to avoid temperature loss. The raw chilled

milk is again transported to district union dairies through insulated road milk tankers and

processed. The milk required for local sale is homogenized, standardized, packed in

sachets and sold locally. The milk procured over and above the quantity at particular point of

time is sent to Feeder Balancing Dairies (FBDs) for conversion into milk products such as

Skimmed Milk Powder (SMP) and butter. Some of the strategies to be followed to achieve a

higher and quality milk production are provision of Infrastructure milk analyzer to milk

producers‟ cooperative societies; bulk milk coolers for clean milk production, modernization

of laboratory and addition of product manufacturing facilities; milk chilling plant; drying yard;

establishment of “State Level Food Processing Training Centre (FPTC)” at College of Food

and Dairy Technology, Koduvalli; establishment butter deep freezer; establishment of Khoa

processing unit; establishment of flavored milk processing unit; value added milk products

processing units; and establishment of butter packing facilities. A budget overlay of

Rs. 5,259 lakhs is proposed (Table 3.55).

3.6.12 Strengthening extension facilities

Impetus is being given for providing better need based extension services to the rural

farmers. Latest extension methods with judicious use of audio-visual aids, online veterinary

services with maximum utility of latest electronic aids are ensured. The concept of

strengthening the extension services has to be undertaken. A separate extension wing

needs to be formed at the block level and it will be on mobile, provided with extension

inputs, chalk out a routine tour programme, villages visit, conduct field level meeting, regular

follow up etc., and officers will be calibrated based on the level of adoption by the target

villages and farmers. Establishment of "Farmers Resource Centre" at Cattle Breeding and

Fodder Development; Mobile E-extension units for awareness campaign; Farmer Training

Hall / Centre and Strengthening of University peripheral centers and developing training

modules were proposed in various districts at an overall cost of Rs. 1,169 lakhs

(Table 3.56).

179


Table 3.55 Establishment of Milk Processing Units

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Infrastructure development by providing milk analyzer to milk producers‟ cooperative societies @ Rs 15 lakhs/unit


Erode 4 60 1 15 5 75

Thanjavur 1 15 1 15



Salem 13 195 10 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 345

Madurai 2 30 2 30

Trichy 6 90 2 30 8 120

Vellore 5 75 5 75





Dindigul 1 15 1 15


Sub total 570 315 15 0 0 60 900

Bulk Milk Coolers for clean milk production, modernization of laboratory and addition of product manufacturing facilities @ Rs 60 lakhs/unit


Erode 0 1 60 1 60

Trichy 2 120 2 120 2 120 2 120 2 120 10 600

Thanjavur 3 180 1 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 240

Salem 2 120 2 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 240

Trichy 2 120 2 120


Dindigul 1 60 1 60

Namakkal 0 5 300 5 300

Sub total 18 1080 6 360 2 120 2 120 7 420 35 2100

180


Table 3.55 Establishment of Milk Processing Units (Contd…)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Milk chilling plant @ Rs 50 lakhs/unit

Nagapattinam 10 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 500

Namakkal 0 5 250 5 250

Sub total 500 0 0 0 250 750

Drying yard @ Rs 4 lakhs/unit Pudukkottai 2 8 2 8

Establishment of “State Level Food Processing Training Centre (FPTC)” at College of Food and Dairy Technology, Koduvalli


Establishment butter deep freezer

Erode, Salem and Ambattur

3 260 3 260

Establishment of palgova processing unit @ Rs 2.5 lakhs/unit

Krishnagiri 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 15 40

Establishment of favoured milk processing unit @ Rs 1.25 lakhs/unit

Krishnagiri 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 10 15

Value added milk products processing units @ Rs 1.5 lakhs/unit

Krishnagiri 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 10 15

Establishment of butter packing facilities

Erode 1 976 1 976

Grand total 3603 689 149 134 684 5259

181


Table 3.56 Strengthening Extension Facilities

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishment of "FARMERS RESOURCE CENTRE" at Cattle Breeding and Fodder Development @ Rs 30 lakhs/unit


Virudhunagar 1 30 1 30 1 30 3 90

Sub total 60 30 30 0 0 120

Establishment of mobile E- extension units for awareness campaign @ Rs. 20 lakhs per unit

1 20 1 20 1 22 1 23 1 25 5 110

Farmer Training Hall/Centre @ Rs 50 lakhs/unit

Karur 1 50 1 50

Pudukkottai 2 100 2 100 2 100 2 100 2 100 10 500



Sub total 300 100 100 100 100 700

Strengthening of University peripheral centers and developing training modules


Grand total 380 389 152 123 125 1169

182


3.6.13 Machineries and implements in animal husbandry

Mechanization encourages large scale production and improves the quality of farm

produce. It ensures reduction of drudgery associated with variety of farm operation and also

encourages the utilization of input and thereby harnessing the potential of available

resources. Provision of power operated machineries and tools including power operated

saw and plant protection equipments, power machines with rotavator / equipment, power

machines including accessories and equipment would strengthen the infrastructural

facilities. Similarly, modernization of dairy units is also suggested for enhancing the activities

of animal husbandry sector. Keeping above facts in mind, the components like Milking

machines to Dairy Farmers; Automatic milk collection unit; Sparrow wheel to Dairy Farmers;

Chaff cutter; Grass cutter/brush cutter - Power operated; Feed mixing unit; Vaccination

carrier; TRAVIS for Veterinary Dispensaries; Electric sterilizer; Rain gun; 55 HP Tractor with

accessories; Mini Tractor 14 HP with all accessories; Power chain saw; Tractor Operated

Reaper cum Binder; Hydroponic Fodder Production unit; 7.5 HP Submergible motor with all

accessories; Farm Generator; and Brooding cage for desi birds were proposed for

implementation of machineries in animal husbandry sector. The budget outlay

(Rs. 15,282 lakhs) for various interventions are presented in Table 3.57.

The total budget requirement for providing various infrastructures for Animal

Husbandry and Dairy Development is Rs. 98,941 lakhs. The components wise financial

requirement for five years is presented in Table 3.58.

183


Table 3.57 Machineries and Implements in Animal Husbandry

(₹ in lakhs)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Milking machines to Dairy Farmers Rs 20000/unit

Coimbatore 100 20 100 20 100 20 100 20 100 20 500 100

Cuddalore 80 16 80 16 80 16 80 16 80 16 400 80

Karur 100 20 100 20 100 20 100 20 100 20 500 100

Thanjavur 50 10 25 5 25 5 25 5 25 5 150 30

Dharmapuri 295 59 295 59 295 59 295 59 295 59 1475 295

Salem 400 80 400 80 400 80 400 80 400 80 2000 400

The Nilgiris 50 10 50 10 50 10 50 10 50 10 250 50

Trichy 70 14 70 14 70 14 70 14 70 14 350 70


Tiruppur 90 18 90 18 90 18 90 18 90 18 450 90

Namakkal 30 6 30 6 30 6 30 6 30 6 150 30

Sub total 1315 263 1290 258 1290 258 1290 258 1290 258 6475 1295

Automatic milk collection unit with accessories Rs 1.25 lakhs /unit

Salem 40 50 40 50

Sub total 40 50 40 50

Sparrow wheel to Dairy Farmers Rs 400/unit

Coimbatore 2500 10 2500 10 2500 10 2500 10 2500 10 12500 50

Tiruppur 2500 10 2500 10 2500 10 2500 10 2500 10 12500 50

Sub total 5000 20 5000 20 5000 20 5000 20 5000 20 25000 100

Chaff cutter Rs 20000/unit Cuddalore 65 13 70 14 75 15 80 16 85 17 375 75

Erode 575 115 575 115 575 115 575 115 575 115 2875 575

Karur 100 20 100 20 100 20 100 20 100 20 500 100

Pudukkottai 45 9 45 9 45 9 45 9 45 9 225 45

184


Table 3.57 Machineries and Implements in Animal Husbandry (Contd…)


Year

I II III IV V Total


Thanjavur 50 10 50 10 50 10 50 10 50 10 250 50

Nagapattinam 750 150 750 150 750 150 750 150 750 150 3750 750

Dharmapuri 395 79 395 79 395 79 395 79 395 79 1975 395

Ramanathapuram 25 5 25 5 25 5 25 5 25 5 125 25

Salem 1305 261 1305 261 1305 261 1305 261 1305 261 6525 1305

Madurai 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 50 10

The Nilgiris 40 8 40 8 40 8 40 8 40 8 200 40

Vellore 200 40 200 40 200 40 200 40 200 40 1000 200

Virudhunagar 60 12 60 12 60 12 60 12 40 8 280 56

Villupuram 132 26 132 26 132 26 132 26 132 26 660 130

Dindigul 200 40 200 40 200 40 200 40 200 40 1000 200


Krishnagiri 50 10 50 10 50 10 50 10 50 10 250 50

Tiruppur 300 60 300 60 300 60 300 60 300 60 1500 300

Namakkal 30 6 30 6 30 6 30 6 30 6 150 30

Thiruvarur 20 4 20 4 20 4 20 4 20 4 100 20

Thiruvallur 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 50 10

Sub total 4462 892 4467 893 4472 894 4477 895 4462 892 22340 4466

Grass cutter/brush cutter – Power operated Rs 30000/unit

Cuddalore 65 20 70 21 75 23 80 24 85 26 375 114

Karur 100 30 100 30 100 30 100 30 100 30 500 150

Pudukkottai 5 2 0 0 0 0 5 2

Nagapattinam 500 150 500 150 500 150 500 150 500 150 2500 750

Dharmapuri 132 40 132 40 132 40 132 40 132 40 660 200

Ramanathapuram 66 20 66 20 66 20 66 20 66 20 330 100

185




Year

I II III IV V Total


Salem 1000 300 1000 300 1000 300 1000 300 1000 300 5000 1500

Madurai 22 7 22 7 22 7 22 7 22 7 110 35

Virudhunagar 60 18 60 18 60 18 60 18 60 18 300 90

Villupuram 106 32 106 32 106 32 106 32 106 32 530 160

Dindigul 70 21 70 21 70 21 70 21 70 21 350 105


Tiruppur 120 36 120 36 120 36 120 36 120 36 600 180

Thiruvarur 20 6 20 6 20 6 20 6 20 6 100 30

Sub total 2286 688 2286 687 2291 689 2296 690 2301 692 11460 3446

Feed mixing unit Rs 7 lakhs/unit

Dharmapuri 41 287 41 287 41 287 41 287 41 287 205 1435

Vaccination carrier Rs 20000/unit

Erode 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 10 0

TRAVIS for Veterinary Dispensaries Rs 10000/unit

Erode 20 2 20 2 20 2 20 2 20 2 100 10

Electric sterilizer Rs 20000/unit

Erode 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 10 0

Rain gun Rs 25000/unit Karur 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 500 125

Pudukkottai 60 15 60 15 60 15 60 15 60 15 300 75

Nagapattinam 600 150 600 150 600 150 600 150 600 150 3000 750

Dharmapuri 295 74 295 74 295 74 295 74 295 74 1475 370

Ramanathapuram 50 13 50 13 50 13 50 13 50 13 250 65

Thoothukudi 30 8 30 8 30 8 30 8 30 8 150 40

Salem 1000 250 1000 250 1000 250 1000 250 1000 250 5000 1250

Madurai 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 500 125

186




Year

I II III IV V Total


Virudhunagar 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 500 125

Villupuram 181 45 181 45 181 45 181 45 181 45 905 225

Dindigul 140 35 140 35 140 35 140 35 140 35 700 175


Krishnagiri 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 500 125

Tiruppur 250 63 250 63 250 63 250 63 250 63 1250 315

Sub total 3106 778 3106 778 3106 778 3106 778 3106 778 15530 3890

55 HP Tractor with accessories Rs 15 lakhs/unit


Sub total 2 30 2 30

Mini Tractor 14 HP with all accessories Rs 6 lakhs/unit

Pudukkottai 1 6 1 6

Villupuram 6 6 6 6 6 0 30

Sub total 1 12 6 6 6 6 36

Power chain saw Rs 12000/unit

Pudukkottai 2 0.24 2 0.24

Tractor Operated Reaper cum Binder Rs 3.57 lakhs/unit

Pudukkottai 2 7 2 7

Hydroponic Fodder Production unit Rs 50 lakhs/unit


7.5 HP Submergible motor with all accessories Rs 40000/unit

Pudukkottai 5 2 5 2

Farm Generator Rs 3.2

lakhs/unit


Brooding cage for desi birds Rs 15000/unit

Salem 500 75 500 83 500 91 500 100 500 110 2500 459

Grand Total 3159 3017 3025 3036 3045 15282

187


Table 3.58 Budget for Infrastructure Development in Animal Husbandry Sector

(₹ in lakhs)

S. No Interventions Year

Total I II III IV V

1 Establishment of livestock farms and poultry industry

6262 4059 3893 3888 12512 30614

2 Establishment of cattle feed production units

628 875 303 316 903 3023

3 Production of organic manure

106 111 107 107 111 541

4 Propagation of drip / micro irrigation

129 62 54 24 16 285

5 Strengthening of breeding units

1216 236 706 238 180 2576

6 Provision of facilities for improved delivery of veterinary services

1450 800 750 600 600 4200

7 Strengthening infrastructure facilities

3934 4338 1792 1202 5793 17059

8 Establishment of new structures for veterinary services

3758 1027 907 899 1067 7658

9 Establishment of disease diagnostic center‟s

825 352 280 304 514 2275

10 Establishment of mobile veterinary units

2325 1425 1950 1950 1350 9000

11 Establishment of milk processing units

3603 689 149 134 684 5259

12 Strengthening extension facilities

380 389 152 123 125 1169

13 Machineries and implements in animal husbandry

3159 3017 3025 3036 3045 15282

Grand Total 27775 17379 14067 12820 26899 98941

188


3.7 Infrastructure Requirement in Fisheries Sector

3.7.1 Establishment of fish culture ponds and provision of inputs

In Tamil Nadu, almost all the water bodies are dependent on the seasonal

monsoons. Further, water retention period of most of the tanks ranges between four and six

months only. Hence, planning of fish seed production and subsequent stocking in these

tanks in the right time would lead to good fish production. Besides, farmers do not have

storage ponds in their farms and scarcity of farm laborers in villages pose operational

problems in day to day agriculture works. So farmers could be encouraged to do fish culture

in multi-purpose ponds that help in water retention, ground water recharge and irrigating

agriculture crops. The farmers are also showing greater acceptance and interest for carrying

out fish culture in the multipurpose farm pond and they are benefitted additionally through

the income from fisheries activity. Hence the intervention is to encourage the farmers to

create new ponds which could serve as a multi-purpose pond and also for fish culture

simultaneously.

These multi-purpose farm ponds excavated in the land of small and marginal farms

can be utilized for fish culture, conservation, critical Irrigation, horticulture and plantation to

improve their livelihood status. The construction of Multi Purpose Farm Ponds can be taken

up under MGNREGS. The suitable site for multi-purpose farm pond can be done and input

subsidy assistance for fish seed, feed cost and harvesting material for fish seed rearing and

fish culture in farm ponds to small and marginal farmers may also be provided. The selected

beneficiaries will be given training on fish culture activity. The budget requirement for

establishing fish culture ponds and provision of input is Rs. 8.53 crores. The physical and

financial requirement of establishment of fish culture ponds and provision of inputs in district

wise are furnished in Table 3.59.

189


Table 3.59 Establishment of Fish Culture Ponds and Provision of Inputs

(₹ in lakhs)


Districts

Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishment of fish culture ponds and provision of inputs @ Rs 4.5 lakhs/ha

Ariyalur 10 45 0 0 0 0 10 45


Cuddalore 5 23 5 23 10 45 12 54 15 68 47 213

Erode 0 0 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 4 20

Karur 1 5 1 5

Perambalur 1 5 1 5

Pudukkottai 2 9 2 9 2 9 2 9 2 9 10 45

Thanjavur 0 0 5 23 5 23 5 23 5 23 20 92


Nagapattinam 5 23 5 23 2 9 2 9 2 9 16 73

Dharmapuri 0 0 1 5 0 0 1 5 0 0 2 10

Thoothukudi 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 5 25

Salem 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 2 10

Madurai 0 0 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 4 20

Trichy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 1 5

Sivagangai 1 5 2 9 1 5 1 5 0 0 5 24

Virudhunagar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 1 5

Villupuram 25 113 10 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 158

Theni 1 5 1 5 2 10

Tiruvarur 5 23 5 23

Tirunelveli 2 9 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 6 29

Thiruvallur 2 9 2 9

Grand total 66 302 37 171 24 111 27 125 31 144 185 853

190


3.7.2 Establishment of GIFT farms and provision of inputs

Tilapia is named as the Food Fish of the 21st century and is popularly known as

aquatic chicken. Tilapia occupies lower level food chain which makes the culture economical

and eco friendly. Monosex culture of Tilapia is advantageous as they grow fast and

uniformity in size is generally obtained in a culture pond. The Genetically Improved Farmed

Tilapia (GIFT) has enhanced the culture as well as market potential as it is scientifically

proved to be superior to fresh water carps and would be an ideal candidate for fish culture.

Moreover, GIFT fish has high export potential to USA, African countries and Japan.

Domestic demand also needs to be tapped due to easiness to fillet the fish. Technical

parameters of Tilapia culture includes site selection, pond development, pre and post

stocking operations, stocking, fertilization, feeding, harvest and post harvest operations. The

budget requirement for establishing GIFT farms and provision of inputs is Rs. 6.78 crores.

The district wise physical and financial requirement of establishment of GIFT farms and

provision of inputs are furnished in Table 3.60.

191


Table 3.60 Establishment of GIFT Farms and Provision of Inputs

(₹ in lakhs)


Districts

Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishment of GIFT farms and provision of inputs @ Rs 5.05 lakhs/ha

Ariyalur 5 25 5 25

Coimbatore 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 4 20

Cuddalore 0 0 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 4 20

Erode 0 0 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 4 20

Pudukkottai 2 10 1 5 2 10 0 0 0 0 5 25

Thanjavur 0 0 10 51 5 25 10 51 5 25 30 152

Kancheepuram 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 5 25

Nagapattinam 10 51 5 25 3 15 5 25 0 0 23 116

Dharmapuri 0 0 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 4 20

Salem 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 0 0 4 20

Sivagangai 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 2 10

Villupuram 0 0 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 8 40


Krishnagiri 1 5 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 9 45

Tiruvarur 0 0 5 25 2 10 5 25 5 25 17 85

Tirunelveli 1 5 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 2 10

Thiruvallur 0 0 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 4 20

Grand total 22 116 33 166 24 125 31 161 21 110 131 678

192


3.7.3 Ornamental fish culture

The ornamental fish keeping is a hobby which is gradually replacing outdoor leisure

activities. The ornamental fish trade has a significant role both as a foreign exchange earner

and as a source of employment. The low production cost and higher returns within a very

short time span, involvement of a wide variety of ornamental organisms, ever growing

demand for fishes both in the domestic and international markets and the scope for

development of new products and accessories to cater to the dynamic needs of the sector

are the major attractions as compared to any other sector.

The state possesses a remarkable history in ornamental fish breeding and can aptly

be termed as the “Ornamental Fish Capital of India” due to its contribution to both domestic

as well as export sector. The state is the prime contributor to the domestic ornamental fish

marketing sector in India and caters ornamental fish right from low valued varieties to high

valued varieties to almost all states in India round the year. Tamil Nadu occupies the second

position in ornamental fish export from India.

Ornamental Fish Culture and Trade in Tamil Nadu especially at Kolathoor village on

the outskirts of Chennai (Red hills, Devenampet etc.) is famous for ornamental fish culture

by small-scale producers. Ornamental fish production, especially women SHGs have

successfully taken up breeding and raising of ornamental fishes so as to earn their

livelihood. On the commercial front, the ornamental fish trade is a growing business with

Chennai and Kolkata turning out to be major production and export centres. The domestic

trade is a mix of medium and small ornamental fish farmers. Ornamental fish culture unit

with Rs. 3.54 crores and establishment of live feed culture unit for ornamental fishes and

fish disease diagnostic Centre with a budget of Rs. 1.26 crores are proposed interventions

for establishment of ornamental fish culture unit with the total budget outlay of Rs. 4.80

crores. The district wise physical and financial requirement of establishment of ornamental

fish culture units are furnished in Table 3.61.

193


Table 3.61 Establishment of Ornamental Fish Culture Unit

(₹ in lakhs)


Districts

Year

I II III IV V Total


Ornamental fish culture unit @ Rs 3 lakhs/unit

Coimbatore 1 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6

Cuddalore 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 3

Erode 5 15 5 15 6 18 6 18 5 15 27 81

Kancheepuram 0 0 5 15 5 15 5 15 5 15 20 60

Dharmapuri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 1 3

Ramanathapuram 2 6 0 0 2 6 2 6 2 6 8 24

Thoothukudi 0 0 5 15 2 6 2 6 2 6 11 33

Salem 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3

Madurai 0 0 5 15 5 15 5 15 0 0 15 45

Sivagangai 0 0 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 4 12

Virudhunagar 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 0 0 4 12

Theni 0 0 0 0 2 6 2 6 2 6 6 18

Krishnagiri 1 3 1 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 3 9

Tirunelveli 0 0 5 15 5 15 5 15 0 0 15 45

Sub total 11 33 29 87 31 93 29 87 18 54 118 354

Establishment of live feed culture unit for ornamental fishes and fish disease diagnostic Centre


Namakkal 1 1 1 1

Sub total 126 0 0 0 0 126

Grand total 159 87 93 87 54 480

194


3.7.4 Marketing of fishes

Fish is the cheapest animal protein available in Tamil Nadu, preferred by all

categories of people irrespective of their economic standard of living. Since fish is a

perishable commodity, its quality should be maintained right from its catch to its

consumption. Otherwise this protein rich food will become unsuitable for consumption.

Improvement in the field of fish marketing using cold chain and modern facilities has to go a

long way. Due to the modernization in selling, the consumer commodities such as fresh

vegetables, fruits, ready to eat foods, meat, chicken, etc., establishment of modern fish

markets is also gaining importance now-a-days. As the required minimum investment in this

area is quiet high, the traditional fish sellers are unable to adopt this modernization in their

business.

TAFCOFED, a State level apex cooperative institution, has proposed to establish

modern hygienic retail fish stalls in different places in Tamil Nadu in order to provide clean,

fresh and ready to cook good quality fish with hygienic packaging to the consumers. The

proposed modern hygienic retail fish stalls will be equipped to provide clean, fresh and

ready to cook good quality fish handled in hygienic manner. The proposed modern hygienic

retail fish stalls will have the facilities such as coolers, display cabin, deep freezer, cutting

table, water facilities and facilities to sell ready to cook and value added fishery products etc.

Interventions needed for establishment of fish markets are establishing modern hygienic fish

stall or fish kiosk, Establishment of Modern Mobile Sea Food Restaurant (TNFDC),

establishment of modern mobile fish marketing vehicles and establishing modern fish

markets with an outlay of Rs. 50.03 crores. The physical and financial requirements of

establishment of fish markets or stall/ kiosk district wise are furnished in Table 3.62.

195


Table 3.62 Establishment of Fish Markets or Stall / Kiosk

(₹ in lakhs)


Districts

Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishing modern hygienic fish stall or fish kiosk @ Rs 10 lakhs/unit

Coimbatore 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 5 50

Cuddalore 1 10 1 10 2 20

Erode 1 10 1 10 2 20

Karur 1 10 1 10 2 20

Pudukkottai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 1 10

Kancheepuram 1 10 1 10 1 10 8 80 1 10 12 120

Nagapattinam 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 5 50


Thoothukudi 0 0 0 0 1 10 1 10 0 0 2 20

Salem 1 10 1 10 1 10 0 0 0 0 3 30

Madurai 1 10 1 10 1 10 2 20 3 30 8 80

The Nilgiris 1 10 1 10 2 20

Trichy 1 10 10 100 10 100 2 20 2 20 25 250

Sivagangai 0 0 1 10 0 0 0 0 1 10 2 20

Kanyakumari 1 10 2 20 1 10 1 10 1 10 6 60


Dindigul 1 10 1 10 1 10 0 0 0 0 3 30

Theni 0 0 1 10 1 10 1 10 0 0 3 30

Tiruvarur 1 10 1 10

Tirunelveli 1 10 1 10 1 10 2 20 3 30 8 80

Thiruvallur 1 10 1 10 1 10 3 30

Sub total 16 160 26 260 21 210 19 190 15 150 97 970

196


Table 3.62 Establishment of Fish Markets or Stall / Kiosk (Contd…)


Districts

Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishment of Modern Mobile Sea Food Restaurant (TNFDC) @ Rs 5 to 115 lakhs/unit

Coimbatore 0 0 1 66 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 66

Kancheepuram 1 66 1 66 1 66 1 115 0 0 4 313

Madurai 1 66 1 66

The Nilgiris 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 66 1 66

Dindigul 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5

Tirunelveli 0 1 66 1 66

Sub total 3 137 3 198 1 66 1 115 1 66 9 582

Establishment of modern mobile fish marketing vehicles @ Rs 11 lakhs /unit

Coimbatore 1 11 1 11 1 11 3 33

Erode 1 11 1 11 2 22

Karur 1 11 1 11


Kancheepuram 1 11 1 11 1 11 0 0 0 0 3 33

Thoothukudi 1 11 1 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 22

Madurai 1 11 1 11 1 11 0 0 1 11 4 44

The Nilgiris 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 11 1 11 2 22

Kanyakumari 1 11 1 11 1 11 1 11 0 0 4 44


Dindigul 1 11 1 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 22


Theni 1 11 1 11 2 22

Tirunelveli 1 11 0 0 1 11 1 11 1 11 4 44

Thiruvallur 1 11 1 11 1 11 1 11 1 11 5 55

Sub total 14 154 10 110 7 77 5 55 5 55 49 451

197


Table 3.62 Establishment of Fish Markets or Stall / Kiosk (Contd…)


Districts

Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishing

modern fish

markets @ Rs 50

lakhs/unit

Erode 1 50 1 50 2 100 4 200

Nagapattinam 1 50 1 50 1 50 3 150

Ramanathapuram 1 50 1 50 1 50 1 50 2 100 6 300

Salem 1 50 1 50 1 50 1 50 2 100 6 300

Madurai 5 250 3 150 3 150 1 50 2 100 14 700

Vellore 1 50 1 50 2 100

Sivagangai 1 50 1 50 1 50 1 50 1 50 5 250

Kanyakumari 1 50 1 50 1 50 2 100 1 50 6 300

Virudhunagar 1 50 1 50 1 50 1 50 0 0 4 200

Krishnagiri 1 50 1 50 0 0 1 50 1 50 4 200

Namakkal 0 0 0 0 1 50 1 50 0 0 2 100

Thiruvallur 0 0 1 50 1 50 1 50 1 50 4 200

Sub total 14 700 13 650 11 550 10 500 12 600 60 3000

Grand total 1151 1218 903 860 871 5003

198


3.7.5 Strengthening of infrastructure facilities

Fish have different oxygen tolerance levels and signs exhibited by fish in water with

low oxygen levels as well as remedial measures were provided in addition to the tools that

the mini laboratory should have for measuring oxygen levels. The fish consequently become

more stressed, stop eating and then stop growing. Subsequently, the FCR increases,

diseases may ensue and mortalities occur. It is at this point, when the water quality of the

pond becomes limiting that the pond‟s carrying capacity is said to be attained. Most of the

farmers are not aware of this fact yet it has great economic implications. The staff of the mini

laboratory will be trained on monitoring these parameters with the kits and equip the mini lab

with capacity to monitor other parameters such as; carbon dioxide, conductivity, total

phosphorus, chloride, potassium and others. Renovation / additional area creation of

Government fish farms with Rs. 90.41 crores, Predator Fencing, with Rs. 1.55 crores,

Installation of Artificial Reefs in the Inshore Areas with Rs. 26.01 crores, establishment of

mini lab facilities in Government fish farms with Rs. 1.4 crores, establishing flake ice plants

with Rs. 1.2 crores, fishing harbors and fish landing centers with Rs. 4 crores, integrated

aquaculture unit with Rs. 7.55 crores and establishment of fish feed quality testing

laboratory with Rs. 1.01 crores are proposed interventions with total budget outlay of

Rs. 133.16 crores. The physical and financial requirements for strengthening infrastructure

facilities are presented in Table 3.63.

3.7.6 Infrastructure for fisheries research and development

Establishment of shrimp brood bank with the budget of Rs. 3 crores, strengthening of

Regional stations of Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture with the budget of Rs. 4.11 crores,

establishment of Regional Fisheries Research and Extension Centre with the budget of

Rs. 0.6 crores, establishment of chemical residue monitoring laboratory with the budget of

Rs. 1.4 crores, establishment of post-harvest technology center in College of Fisheries

Engineering with the budget of Rs. 7.12 crores are proposed interventions with the total

budget outlay of Rs. 16.32 crores. The physical and financial requirement of Infrastructure

for fisheries research and development are presented in Table 3.64.

199


Table 3.63 Strengthening of Infrastructure Facilities

(₹ in lakhs)


Districts

Year

I II III IV V Total


Renovation/additional area

creation of Government

fish farms

Coimbatore 1 100 1 500 1 46 3 646

Erode 1000 6 65 6 600 0 1677

Karur 1 3 1 15 1 30 3 48

Pudukkottai 0 0 1 17 1 30 1 17 0 0 3 64

Thanjavur 1 25 21 92 25 84 50 168 100 335 197 704

Kancheepuram 0 83 1 50 1 100 0 0 0 0 2 233

Nagapattinam 1 10 57 1 67

Salem 0 300 1 337 0 337 1 500 1 400 3 1874

Madurai 150 0 150

The Nilgiris 100 0 100

Sivagangai 0 0 0 0 3 2 3 2 0 0 6 4

Kanyakumari 1 8 1 8

Dindigul 0 45 3 3 3 3 0 57

Thiruvannamalai 480 17 0 0 0 0 0 480 0 977

Theni 120 0 120

Krishnagiri 0 0 1 400 0 367 0 0 1 500 2 1267

Tiruppur 59 0 59

Tirunelveli 160 169 200 100 260 0 889


Sub total 2743 1663 1264 796 2578 9044

Predator Fencing Coimbatore 0 3 77 3 77

Tiruppur 0 3 77 3 77

Sub total 0 0 0 0 6 154 6 154

200


Table 3.63 Strengthening of Infrastructure Facilities (Contd…)


Districts

Year

I II III IV V Total


Installation of Artificial Reefs in the Inshore Areas @ Rs 25 lakhs/unit

Cuddalore 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 76 2 50 5 126

Thanjavur 0 0 3 75 2 50 3 75 5 125 13 325

Nagapattinam 8 200 8 200 8 200 8 200 11 275 43 1075

Ramanathapuram 1 25 0 0 1 25 0 0 1 25 3 75

Thoothukudi 0 0 10 250 5 125 2 50 2 50 19 475

Kanyakumari 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 0 0 4 100

Villupuram 0 0 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 4 100

Tiruvarur 3 75 3 75 2 50 1 25 1 25 10 250

Thiruvallur 1 25 1 25 1 25 3 75

Sub total 350 675 525 476 575 2601

Establishment of mini lab facilities in Government fish farms @ Rs 5 lakhs/unit

Cuddalore 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5

Erode 1 5 2 10 3 15

Karur 1 5 1 5

Thanjavur 0 0 1 5 1 5


Dharmapuri 0 0 0 0 1 5 1 5 0 0 2 10

Thoothukudi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 1 5

Salem 1 5 1 5

Madurai 0 0 1 5 1 5

The Nilgiris 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5

Sivagangai 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 1 5

Dindigul 0 0 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 4 20

Krishnagiri 1 5 1 5 2 10 1 5 0 0 5 25

Tirunelveli 0 0 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 4 20

Thiruvallur 1 5 1 5

Sub total 30 45 25 25 15 140

201


Table 3.63 Strengthening of Infrastructure Facilities (Contd…)


Districts

Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishing Flake Ice

Plants @ Rs 20 lakhs/unit

Erode 1 20 1 20

Nagapattinam 0 0 1 20 0 0 1 20 0 0 2 40

Salem 1 20 1 20



Sub total 60 20 0 40 0 120

Fishing Harbours and fish

landing centers @ Rs 5

lakhs/unit

Thanjavur 0 0 14 70 4 20 4 20 4 20 26 130

Thoothukudi 0 0 14 70 4 20 4 20 4 20 26 130

Tiruvarur 0 0 4 20 4 20 4 20 0 0 12 60

Tirunelveli 0 0 4 20 4 20 4 20 4 20 16 80

Sub total 0 180 80 80 60 400

Integrated Aquaculture unit Thanjavur 250 253 503

Tiruvarur 253 253

Sub total 503 253 0 0 0 756

Establishment of fish feed

quality testing laboratory

Thoothukudi 101 101

Grand total 3787 2836 1894 1417 3382 13316

202


Table 3.64 Infrastructure for Fisheries Research and Development

(₹ in lakhs)

Interventions

Implementing Districts

Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishment of shrimp brood bank @ Rs 100 lakhs/unit

Kanyakumari 1 100 0 0 1 100 0 0 0 0 2 200


Sub total 200 0 100 0 0 300

Strengthening of Regional stations of Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture

Kanyakumari 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 137 137

Krishnagiri 0 137 137

Tirunelveli 0 137 137

Sub total 0 0 0 0 411 411

Establishment of Regional Fisheries Research and Extension Centre

Krishnagiri 61 61

Establishment of chemical residue monitoring laboratory

Thoothukudi 140 140

Establishment of post-harvest technology center in College of Fisheries Engineering

Nagapattinam 516 516

Namakkal 25 25

Thiruvallur 179 179

Sub total 319 0 0 0 602 921

Grand total 519 0 100 0 1013 1632

203


3.7.7 Strengthening extension facilities

Ornamental fish keeping and its propagation has been an interesting activity for

many, which provide not only aesthetic pleasure but also financial openings. Indian waters

possess a rich diversity of ornamental fish, with over 100 indigenous varieties, in addition to

a similar number of exotic species that are bred in captivity. In Tamil Nadu, the Western

Ghat region is home to many native varieties of fish.

The ornamental fish species can be grown in backyard type hatcheries which can

provide income to farmers. The development of backyard hatchery units throughout the

state would increase the ornamental fish production on a large scale, breeding and

production of region specific ornamental fish varieties, which would intern help in the growth

of allied sectors in the ornamental fish industry. The earning potential of this sector has

hardly been understood and the same is not being exploited in a technology driven manner.

In Tamil Nadu, several ornamental fish farming has developed in cluster approach. But the

farmers are still not aware of the recent developments in technology. The farmers need to

be sensitized about the best management practices to be adopted in farming. Also they

need proper marketing approach so as to get good economic return.

It is imperative to impart extension training in the fields of motivation, communication

skills, leadership qualities, financial and management skills, fish marketing to complete

equally with the existing network of middlemen and fish traders etc. Hence, it is proposed to

develop this sector of people from bottom up participatory approach. Dissemination of

information on diversified opportunities and improved post harvest practices. Establishment

of district extension and training centers with the budget of Rs. 23.50 crores, establishment

of marine engine and sea safety training centre for the fisher folk with the budget of Rs. 2.21

crores, establishment of seafood knowledge highway with the budget of Rs. 2 crores,

development of a modern fisheries village with the budget of Rs. 0.25 crores, establishment

of Aqua Eco Tourism center with the budget of Rs. 1 crore are proposed interventions with

the total budget outlay of Rs. 28.96 crores. The physical and financial requirement of

strengthening of extension activities are furnished in Table 3.65.

204


Table 3.65 Strengthening of Extension Facilities (₹ in lakhs)


Districts

Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishment of District Extension and Training centers @ Rs 50 lakhs /unit

Coimbatore 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 50 0 0 1 50

Erode 0 0 1 50 1 50

Thanjavur 0 0 1 50 1 50 1 50 0 0 3 150

Kancheepuram 1 50 14 700 15 750

Nagapattinam 0 0 1 50 1 50 1 50 1 50 4 200

Dharmapuri 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 50 0 0 1 50


Salem 1 50 1 50

Madurai 0 0 1 50 0 0 1 50 0 0 2 100


Vellore 1 50 1 50

Sivagangai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 50 1 50

Kanyakumari 0 0 0 0 1 50 0 0 0 0 1 50


Dindigul 1 50 0 0 0 0 0 1 50 2 100


Theni 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 50 0 0 1 50

Krishnagiri 1 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 50

Tiruvarur 0 0 1 50 1 50 1 50 0 0 3 150

Tirunelveli 1 50 0 0 1 50 1 50 1 50 4 200

Thiruvallur 0 0 1 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 50

Sub total 450 1000 300 400 200 47 2350

205


Table 3.65 Strengthening of Extension Facilities (Contd…)


Districts

Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishment of

marine engine and

sea safety training

Centre for the fisher

folk

Thoothukudi 221 0 221

Establishment of

Sea food Knowledge

Highway

Thoothukudi 200 0 200

Development of a

Modern Fisheries

village @ Rs 25

lakhs/unit


Establishment of

Aqua Eco Tourism

center @ Rs 100

lakhs/unit


Grand total 996 1000 300 400 200 2896

206


3.7.8 Machineries and implements for fishing

It has been seen that the process of catching fish from river or pond and taking them

to markets take a long time and it kills freshness of fish. This delay could be minimized with

the help of mopeds vehicle. The transit would also provide them relief from carrying the

basket of fish on their head and keep their catch fresh away from the impact of the sun. The

objective behind making available moped to fishermen is to help them rush their fish in the

market and also take them to doorsteps of the consumer.

Hence it is proposed that Government could provide mopeds to fishermen to help

them rush fresh fish to consumers. The mopeds should be attached with other vending

items like ice box, weighing machine, cutter, knives, torch light etc., as there is great need to

promote the sale of fish in domestic markets. Moreover, infrastructural facilities, especially

fish landing centres and wholesale and retail markets, are inadequate and unhygienic, often

posing serious threats to public health. Quality assurance programmes in the country are

also inadequate to cope with the developments in the industry and the consumer

requirements in the major seafood markets of the world.

Landing centres and fish markets play a vital role with regard to the standard and

value of fisheries products. Yet, often they appear to be „out of sight and out of mind‟ with

poor facilities, little hygiene and inequitable access. Therefore, trainings on fish handling,

hygienic practices and chilling techniques are essential along with basic equipments

including ice boxes for improvement of hygienic fish handling. Fishers using the ice boxes

reported considerable increases in the sales price of their catch as well as significant

reductions in losses and could increase their income by around three times and that this

equipment would quickly pay for itself. In order to increase the safety of the fishermen while

moving to sea, life buoys and life jackets can be provided. It is proposed to upgrade the

existing farms with bio Security arrangements and additional infrastructure facilities to

undertake Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) Shrimp Culture – L. vannamei in Eripurakarai in

Thanjavur district. To create awareness about the various fish species and to promote

fishing as an avocation, aqua eco- tourism may be established. The proposed financial

requirement for the machineries and implements is Rs. 31.67 crores. The physical and

financial requirement for machinery and implements are presented in Table 3.66.

207


Table 3.66 Machineries and Implements for Fishing

(₹ in lakhs)


Districts

Year

I II III IV V Total


Moped ice box @ Rs 50,000/unit

Ariyalur 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 50 25

Coimbatore 0 0 10 5 10 5 10 5 0 0 30 15

Cuddalore 0 0 0 0 25 13 25 13 25 13 75 39

Erode 0 0 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 40 20

Karur 25 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 13

Perambalur 10 5 10 5 10 5 0 0 0 0 30 15

Kancheepuram 0 0 50 25 50 25 50 25 50 25 200 100

Nagapattinam 100 50 50 25 40 20 50 25 0 0 240 120

Dharmapuri 0 0 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 40 20

Ramanathapuram 0 0 25 13 25 13 25 13 25 13 100 52

Thoothukudi 0 0 25 13 25 13 25 13 25 13 100 52

Salem 0 0 50 25 50 25 50 25 50 25 200 100

Madurai 10 5 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10

Trichy 25 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 13

Vellore 0 0 50 25 50 25 50 25 50 25 200 100

Dindigul 30 15 30 15 30 15 30 15 30 15 150 75


Theni 20 10 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20

Krishnagiri 0 0 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 80 40

Tiruvarur 0 0 100 50 60 30 50 25 50 25 260 130

Tirunelveli 0 0 22 11 22 11 22 11 22 11 88 44

Thiruvallur 0 0 100 50 100 50 100 50 100 50 400 200

Sub total 230 116 652 327 597 300 587 295 527 265 2593 1303

208


Table 3.66 Machineries and Implements for Fishing (Contd…)


Districts

Year

I II III IV V Total


Ice boxes @ Rs 6500/unit

Coimbatore 0 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 60 4

Cuddalore 50 3 50 3 50 3 50 3 50 3 250 15

Erode 0 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 40 4

Karur 24 2 24 2

Thanjavur 200 13 100 7 100 7 100 7 500 34

Kancheepuram 0 0 200 13 200 13 200 13 200 13 800 52

Nagapattinam 400 26 400 26 400 26 400 26 400 26 2000 130

Dharmapuri 0 0 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 40 4

Ramanathapuram 250 16 250 16 250 16 250 16 1000 64

Thoothukudi 0 0 400 26 200 13 200 13 200 13 1000 65

Salem 0 0 20 1 20 1 20 1 20 1 80 4

Trichy 25 2 25 2

Kanyakumari 0 0 100 7 100 7 100 7 100 7 400 28

Villupuram 0 0 50 3 50 3 50 3 50 3 200 12

Krishnagiri 0 0 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 40 4

Namakkal 100 7 100 7 100 7 100 7 100 7 500 35

Tiruvarur 100 7 100 7

Tirunelveli 0 0 90 6 90 6 90 6 90 6 360 24

Thiruvallur 0 0 200 13 200 13 200 13 200 13 800 52

Sub total 699 47 2105 138 1805 119 1805 119 1805 119 8219 542

Life buoys/life jackets @ Rs 1750/no

Thanjavur 0 0 1200 21 500 9 750 13 1000 18 3450 61

Kancheepuram 0 0 500 9 500 9 500 9 0 0 1500 27

Nagapattinam 500 9 500 9 500 9 500 9 500 9 2500 45

Ramanathapuram 0 0 2000 35 2000 35 2000 35 2000 35 8000 140

209


Table 3.66 Machineries and Implements for Fishing (Contd…)


Districts

Year

I II III IV V Total


Thoothukudi 500 9 500 9 500 9 500 9 0 0 2000 36

Kanyakumari 1000 18 0 0 1000 18 1000 18 1000 18 4000 72

Villupuram 0 0 500 9 500 9 500 9 500 9 2000 36

Tiruvarur 0 0 500 9 200 4 200 4 0 0 900 17

Tirunelveli 180 3 180 3 180 3 180 3 180 3 900 15

Thiruvallur 500 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 9 1000 18

Sub total 2680 48 5880 104 5880 105 6130 109 5680 101 26250 459

Providing aerators and infrastructure @ Rs 3.34 lakhs

Kancheepuram 0 0 5 17 5 17 5 17 5 17 20 68

Thoothukudi 0 0 5 17 5 17 5 17 5 17 20 68

Trichy 2 7 2 7

Villupuram 0 0 5 17 5 17 5 17 5 17 20 68

Tiruvarur 0 0 40 134 40 134 40 134 40 134 160 536

Sub total 7 185 185 185 185 747

Provision of Hygienic Fish Handling Equipment and Accessories in Modern Fish Stalls

Kancheepuram 7.7 0 8

Establishment of Aqua Eco Tourism center @ Rs 100 lakhs/unit

Thoothukudi 0 0 1 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 100

Grand total 218 862 709 708 670 3167

210


The total Budget requirement for fishery is 280.25 crores. The components wise

financial requirement for five years is presented in Table 3.67.

Table 3.67 Consolidate Budget for Infrastructure Development in Fisheries Sector

(₹ in lakhs)

S.

No Interventions

Year

Total

I II III IV V

1 Establishment of Fish Culture

ponds and provision of inputs

302 171 111 125 144 853

2 Establishment of GIFT farms

and provision of inputs

116 166 125 161 110 678

3 Establishment of Ornamental

Fish Culture Unit

159 87 93 87 54 480

4 Establishment of Fish Markets

or Stall / Kiosk

1151 1218 903 860 871 5003

5 Strengthening of Infrastructure

Facilities

3787 2836 1894 1417 3382 13316

6 Infrastructure for Fisheries


519 0 100 0 1013 1632

7 Strengthening of Extension

Facilities

996 1000 300 400 200 2896

8 Machineries and Implements for

Fishing

218 862 709 708 670 3167

Grand total 7248 6340 4235 3758 6444 28025

211


3.8 Infrastructure Requirement in Sericulture Sector

3.8.1 Strengthening sericulture department

Sericulture is an agro based industry involving the rural sector for getting higher

income. It is a commercial sustainable farm based enterprise favoring rural poor in the

unorganized sector because of its relativity low requirement capital and high income as well.

The main objective of the scheme is to strengthen the Directorate of Sericulture in

the different districts. Availability of infrastructure facilities in the directorate will facilitate the

mulberry farmers to get focused silk rearing and processing of silk. The infrastructure

facilities required in few districts are projected in the plan.

Infrastructure‟s like training halls with advanced amenities, storage godowns and

processing equipment‟s are needed to be strengthened in the respective directorate so that

the local growers and farmers from different district are benefitted through various trainings,

field visits, field demonstrations etc. The budget required to strengthen the sericulture

departments is projected in the Table 3.68.

3.8.2 Establishment of silk rearing centre and reeling units

Sericulture is the cultivation of silk through rearing of silkworm. It is an agro-based

industry. It involves the raising of food plants for silkworm, rearing of silkworm for production

of cocoons, reeling and spinning of cocoon for production of yarn etc. for value added

benefits such as processing and weaving. Sixty lakh persons are engaged in various

sericulture activities in the country. It is estimated that Sericulture can generate employment

@ 11 man days per kg of raw silk production (in on-farm and off-farm activities) throughout

the year. This potential is par-excellence and no other industry generates this kind of

employment, especially in rural areas, hence, sericulture is used as a tool for rural

reconstruction. The production of silk can be improved through establishment of rearing

centres and reeling units. This can be made possible through additional rearing units by

providing incentives on cultivation of mulberry. With this background, the plans for

establishment of silk rearing centre and reeling units in different district are presented with a

budget outlay of Rs. 3,797 lakhs (Table 3.69).

212


Table 3.68 Strengthening Sericulture Department

(₹ in lakhs)


Districts

Year

I II III IV V Total


Strengthening sericulture

department @ Rs 50

lakhs/unit

Erode 1 50 1 50 2 100


Theni 1 50 1 50

Sub total 3 150 2 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 250

Construction of RCC late

age silkworm rearing

building @ Rs 10

lakhs/unit (40‟x20‟ = 800

sq.ft)

Salem 1 10 1 10

Storage godowns @ Rs

20 lakhs/unit

Kanyakumari 1 20 1 20 1 20 3 60

Grand total 180 120 20 0 0 320

213


Table 3.69 Establishment of Silk Rearing Centres and Reeling Units

(₹ in lakhs)


Districts

Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishment of reeling units (Multi end units) @ Rs. 15 lakhs/ unit

Coimbatore 2 30 3 45 2 30 2 30 2 30 11 165


Krishnagiri 1 15 1 15 2 30


Sub total 5 75 4 60 2 30 2 30 2 30 15 225

Establishment of rearing shed level II @ Rs 1.75 lakhs/unit

Cuddalore 50 88 50 88 50 88 50 88 50 88 250 440

Pudukkottai 10 18 10 18 10 18 10 18 10 18 50 90

Dharmapuri 33 58 33 58 33 58 33 58 33 58 165 290

Vellore 11 19 11 19 11 19 11 19 11 19 55 95

Villupuram 11 19 11 19 11 19 11 19 11 19 55 95

Tiruppur 90 158 90 158 90 158 90 158 90 158 450 790

Tiruvarur 7 12 7 12 7 12 7 12 7 12 35 60

Sub total 212 372 212 372 212 372 212 372 212 372 1060 1860

Establishment of rearing shed level III @ Rs 90000/unit

Dharmapuri 9 8 9 8 9 8 9 8 9 8 45 40

Krishnagiri 50 45 50 45 50 45 50 45 50 45 250 225

Sub total 59 53 59 53 59 53 59 53 59 53 295 265

Establishment of Chawki rearing Centres @ Rs 10 lakhs/unit

Karur 1 10 1 10 1 10 0 0 0 0 3 30

Krishnagiri 1 10 1 10 2 20

Sub total 2 20 2 20 1 10 0 0 0 0 5 50

214


Table 3.69 Establishment of Silk Rearing Centres and Reeling Units (Contd.,)


Districts

Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishment of semi

polyclinics @ 4 lakhs/unit

Krishnagiri 1 4 1 4 1 4 3 12

Rejuvenation of silk worm

rearing shed @ Rs 0.5

lakh/unit

Coimbatore 18 9 18 9 20 10 20 10 24 12 100 50

Krishnagiri 60 30 60 30 60 30 60 30 60 30 300 150

Sub total 78 39 78 39 80 40 80 40 84 42 400 200

Rearing equipment‟s @

Rs 52500/unit

Cuddalore 50 26 50 26 50 26 50 26 50 26 250 130

Pudukkottai 50 26 50 26 50 26 50 26 50 26 250 130

Dharmapuri 25 13 25 13 25 13 25 13 25 13 125 65

Vellore 11 6 11 6 11 6 11 6 11 6 55 30

Villupuram 26 14 26 14 26 14 26 14 26 14 130 70

Krishnagiri 100 53 100 53 100 53 100 53 100 53 500 265

Tiruppur 180 95 180 95 180 95 180 95 180 95 900 475

Thiruvarur 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 35 20

Sub total 449 237 449 237 449 237 449 237 449 237 2245 1185

Grand total 800 785 746 732 734 3797

215


3.8.3 Strengthening marketing facilities

The farmers harvest the cocoon and bring the same to Govt. Cocoon markets for

selling their produce. The cocoon has to be brought to the market in time so that the farmers

will fetch better price to their produce. The establishment of cocoon markets in the

respective places will play a major role in marketing of cocoon at producer point. Also the

facilitation of vehicles for the transport of cocoon will help in reach of raw materials to market

in time. So based on the concern to improve the market facilities for sericulture sector, this

program is planned and formulated in to project for establishing cocoon market in core area

where the producers and as well as the buyers were easy to reach. The market is to be

established at Rs. 13.5 lakhs per unit and mobile market van at Rs. 10 lakhs per unit. The

budget outlay for establishment of market and market van is presented in the Table 3.70.

3.8.4 Establishment of farmer learning centre

The Farmer Learning Centre in the district is a state-of-the-art centre to disseminate

latest agriculture practices. The centre would impart village-based training to farmers on

latest mulberry production technologies and silk rearing, to enhance the productivity and

thereby augment the income of farmers. "The centre would act as a link between `lab and

land', by which technologies developed in the laboratories would be disseminated to the

farmers as quickly as possible through need-based-trainings."

The village-based training conducted by the FTC would focus on skill development of

sericulture farmers with adequate emphasis on advanced silk rearing techniques, irrigation

technologies and marketing strategies of cocoon. The farmer learning centre is proposed in

the 12th five year plan in order to train the farmers, scientist, students and extension officials

with a budget outlay of Rs. 75 lakhs (Table 3.71).

216


Table 3.70 Strengthening Marketing Facilities

(₹ in lakhs)


Districts

Year

I II III IV V Total


Mobile Cocoon market @ Rs 13.5 lakhs/unit

Cuddalore 1 14 1 14

Villupuram 1 14 1 14 2 28

Sub total 2 27 1 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 42

Mobile Cocoon market van @ Rs 10 lakhs/unit

Erode 1 10 1 10




Sub total 4 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 40

Grand total 68 14 0 0 0 82

Table 3.71 Establishment of Farmer Learning Centre

(₹ in lakhs)


Districts

Year

I II III IV V Total


Farmers Learning Centre @ Rs 25 lakhs/unit

Erode 1 25 1 25



Grand total 3 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 75

217


Table 3.72 Consolidate Budget for Infrastructure Development in Sericulture Sector

(₹ in lakhs)

S.

No. Interventions

Year Total

I II III IV V

1 Strengthening Sericulture

Department

180 120 20 0 0 320

2 Establishment of Silk Rearing

Centres and Reeling Units

800 785 746 732 734 3797

3 Strengthening Marketing Facilities 68 14 0 0 0 82

4 Establishment of Farmer Training

Centre

75 0 0 0 0 75

Grand total 1123 919 766 732 734 4274

The Infrastructure required to development of Sericulture sector is proposed to

Rs. 42.74 crores. The different interventions are presented in the above Table 3.72.

218


3.9 Infrastructure Development for Agroforestry

Forest serves as a home to rich biodiversity. Traditionally forest resources had been

exploited for several products by people. With the exception of Erode district, the scope for

increasing the area under forests is possible in all the other districts by enhancing the tree

cultivation. Hence emphasis has to be given for tree improvement by hybridization program

for Casuarina and Eucalyptus for improved wood properties, exploration of wild fruits and

medicinal plants for domestication. Similarly for tree management, priority should be given

for development of package of practices for selected industrial wood species and integrated

pest and disease management strategies for major plantation trees. As regards agro

forestry, designing and development of tree fodder based silvipasture model for profitable

stall breeding and development of nutritive concentrates from fodder trees are essential.

Further popularizing suitable agro-forestry to suit different agro-climatic zones has to be

made by appropriate field demonstrations.

Crop damage by wild animals in agricultural fields is very severe in village adjoining

forest areas. This is mainly due to straying of wild animals such as elephants and deer from

the forest to crop lands. Consequent to this, conflict between wild animals and farmers in the

border areas of the forests are raising resulting in huge economic loss to the marginal and

small farmers. Awareness about the crop damage compensation in very low and those who

are aware about compensation lose their interest due to the formalities and long process

involved in obtaining payment. Usage of trenches, stone-walls, barbed wire / electric fences

etc., have to be erected besides animal repellents.

Hence energy plantation, infrastructures such as establishment of high tech forest

nursery, solar fencing, barbed wire fencing and electric fencing are suggested. The details

of infrastructures required in different districts with budget (Rs. 35.05 crores) in the

agroforestry sector are furnished in Table 3.73.

219


Table 3.73 Infrastructure Development for Agroforestry

(₹ in lakhs)


Districts

Year

I II III IV V Total


Establishment of High

tech forest nursery @ Rs

25 lakhs/unit

Ariyalur 1 25 1 25 1 25 1 25 2 50 6 150

Establishment of Model

Agro Forestry farms @

Rs 0.5 lakhs/unit

Karur 1 0.5 1 0.5 1 0.5 1 0.5 1 0.5 5 2.5

Construction of Water

Troughs Solar Power @

Rs 12 lakhs/unit

Coimbatore 2 24 2 24 2 24 2 24 2 24 10 120

Solar fencing @ Rs 6000

/meter

Coimbatore 400 24 400 24 400 24 400 24 400 24 2000 120

Solar fencing @ Rs 1

lakh/ha

Erode 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 100 100

Barbed wire fencing @

Rs 2 lakhs/ha

Erode 300 600 300 600 300 600 300 600 300 600 1500 3000

Solar street lights @ Rs

4800/unit

Coimbatore 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 250 10

Grand total 696 696 696 696 721 3505

220


3.10 Public Works Department (WRO/IRRIGATION)

3.10.1 Investment options for irrigation development in Tamil Nadu State

There are around 41127 tanks in Tamil Nadu State alone, with varying sizes and

types. Out of the total of 41127 tanks in the State 81 per cent are with command area less

than 40 ha and 19 per cent have more than 40 ha of command area. The tanks are

classified in to Panchayat Union (PU), and Public Works Department (PWD) based on the

management activity. The PU tanks have a command area less than 40 ha and under the

control of Panchayat Union. Tanks having a command area of more than 40 ha as well as

all the system tanks are maintained by the PWD. Presently, a large number of tanks are

turning out to be defunct due to various maintenance issues.

It is evident that the area under tank irrigation shows a negative growth rate of 1.34

per cent per annum. Consistent efforts have been taken by the State in investment on tank

modernization under different programmes and grants helped little to revive tank irrigation in

the State. The important programmes like EEC, World Bank funded projects and

TNIAMWARM are such important programmes contributed significantly for the

modernization and revival of tank irrigation in the State. It is worth mentioning that most of

these programmes have focused mainly on modernization and rehabilitation of the tanks

maintained by the Water Resources Department (WRD) i.e. tanks with ayacut area of more

than 40 ha. The tanks under the control of Panchayat Unions are the most neglected tanks

which need investment priorities. Considering the vulnerable conditions of these tanks,

enough efforts have been taken to identify the investment options for these tanks.

Besides, the specific interventions to be carried out along with budget requirement to

improve the water storage and management of water are: desilting of water channels,

removal of encroachments, construction of check dams, anaicut, bed dam in Coimbatore,

Erode, Namakkal, Pudukkottai, Salem, Sivagangai, Thanjavur, Thiruvarur, Tiruppur,

Tirunelveli, Trichy, Vellore and Villupuram district at a cost of Rs. 63,644 lakhs, construction

of farm ponds, desilting of lakes and removal of encroachments in Thanjavur District

(Rs.1430 lakhs), modernization and enhancing the existing capacity of tanks by desilting

and creation of Island in Vellore District (Rs. 325 lakhs), construction of regulator across

drain in Thiruvarur District (Rs. 25 lakhs), improvements to supply channel in Salem District

(Rs. 390 lakhs) and rehabilitation of anaicut, tanks, supply channel and its infrastructures in

Villupuram district (Rs. 220 lakhs).

The details of proposed activities in the respective districts and budget outlay are

furnished in Table 3.74.

221


Table: 3.74 Budget outlay for Public Works Department (WRO) (₹ in lakhs)

S. No. Nature of interventions District YEAR

I II III IV V Total

1 Desilting of lakes / Irrigation canals and Strengthening of bunds @ Rs 1 lakh/unit.

Ariyalur 240 240 240 240 240 1200

2 Desilting and repairing of Cole Roon basin, Perumal tank, Vellar river, Gadilam river, Mani Muktar basin.

Cuddalore 12704 895 685 510 250 15044

3 Rehabilitation of canal, tanks, check dams, anaicuts.

Erode 156 100 150 75 56 537

4 Removals of encroachments, desilting of storage tanks, check dams and construction of farm ponds.

Thanjavur 266 266 266 266 266 1330

5 Construction of grade wall across river. Thanjavur 20 20 20 20 20 100

6 Maintenance of canals and establishment of village linking farm roads.


7 Renovation of water bodies and extension of water channels.

Namakkal 300 300 300 300 300 1500

8 Modernization and enhancing the existing capacity of tanks by desilting and creation of Island.

Vellore 135 20 100 14 56 325

9 Improvements to supply channel. Salem 154 30 56 30 120 390

10 Rehabilitation of anaicuts, Tanks, Supply Channel and its infrastructures.

Villupuram 30 25 50 75 40 220

11 Construction of regulator across drain. Thiruvarur 5 5 5 5 5 25

12 Construction of check dams, anaicuts, bed dams. Pudukkottai 30 56 78 10 25 199

Coimbatore 55 100 15 18 56 244

Sivagangai 75 75 45 68 53 316

Tiruppur 32 50 100 124 65 371

Tirunelveli 12 31 16 10 10 79

Trichy 76 90 126 167 115 574

Grand Total 22540 10553 10502 10182 9867 63644

222


3.11 Cooperation and Civil Supplies

Cooperation development extends support for procurement of agricultural produces.

There is a need to strengthening the basic facilities available in the cooperative marketing

societies, establishment of new direct purchase centres in delta regions, winnowing

machines for post harvest management, drying platform for procurement of grains at

optimum moisture content and solar copra driers in cooperative societies are the major

interventions suggested. The specific interventions are

Strengthening of Cooperative Societies

Purchase of Winnowing machines to Direct Purchase Centers in Tamil Nadu

Construction of Direct Purchase Centers in the Delta Districts of Thanjavur,

Thiruvarur and Nagapattinam districts

Construction of Paddy Drying Platform in the Delta Districts of Thanjavur, Thiruvarur

and Nagapattinam in Tamil Nadu

Installation of Solar Copra Drier in Cooperatives

Purchase of small vans for transport of vegetables

Installation of Pulses Processing Units in Cooperative Marketing Societies

The budget requirement for the Cooperation and Civil Supplies sector is detailed in

Table 3.75.

Table 3.75 Budget outlay for Cooperation and Civil Supplies

(₹ in lakhs)

Sl. No Interventions Year

I II III IV V Total

1 Strengthening of cooperative societies 32 32 32 32 102 230

2 Copra drier 10 10 10 10 20 60

3 Processing units 40 40 40 40 40 200

4 Construction of Direct Purchase Centres 200 200 250 200 525 1375

5 Construction of Drying platform 10 10 10 10 30 70

6 Winnowing machines 50 50 50 50 70 270

Total 342 342 392 342 787 2205

Overall Budget for all the sectors

The overall budget requirement for five years is estimated at Rs. 7609.03 crores.

The above planned investment will help to achieve a four per cent growth in agriculture

sector. The shift in the crop and allied sector activities will also ensure the nutritional

securities. The strategies are focusing on solving the major problems faced by the farming

community.

223


Table 3.76 Sector wise funds Requirements for Infrastructure

(₹ in crores)

Sl. No.

Sector I Year II Year III Year IV Year V Year Total

1 Agriculture including Research and Development

194.68 134.83 128.15 123.82 206.50 787.98

2 Horticulture 187.08 146.41 135.91 190.98 223.14 883.52

3 Agricultural Engineering 585.06 547.77 580.76 589.00 623.99 2926.58

4 Agricultural Marketing 196.54 74.11 120.50 457.24 134.46 982.84

5 Seed Certification 7.87 4.14 3.28 3.81 3.07 22.17

6 Animal Husbandry and Dairy Development including Research and Development 277.75 173.79 140.67 128.20 268.99 989.41

7 Fisheries including Research and Development

72.48 63.40 42.35 37.58 64.44 280.25

8 Sericulture 11.23 9.19 7.66 7.32 7.34 42.74

9 Agro Forestry 6.96 6.96 6.96 6.96 7.21 35.05

10 PWD (WRO) 225.40 105.53 105.02 101.82 98.67 636.44

11 Cooperation and Civil Supplies 3.42 3.42 3.92 3.42 7.87 22.05

Grand Total 1768.47 1269.55 1275.18 1650.15 1645.68 7609.03

224


CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

Policies, so far, have been diverted towards irrigated agriculture to increase

agricultural production. Now the concern is that the gains from the green revolution areas

have been plateauing out due to many factors and evidences suggest that the productivity

and returns to investment have substantial trickle down benefits for poor not only in irrigated

areas but also those residing in less favored areas. This calls for setting up policy framework

towards robust supporting infrastructure for planning, production, processing, storage,

distribution, marketing and sales of agricultural produce.

Tamil Nadu as one among the states has also received Central Assistance under

NADP during 11th Plan period and already prepared comprehensive District and State

agriculture plans for 11th Plan. These should be revised and updated appropriately for

implementing RKVY during 12th Plan keeping in view the modification proposed for the plan

period and emerging needs of the State.

Revision and updation of SAPs could be a two-way process. Firstly, State nodal

department (or Agriculture Department) could get DAPs revised in the first instance to ensure

that priorities of the State are properly covered in the district plans. States should, at this

stage of scrutiny, ensure that requirements of districts and priorities of the State are

appropriately captured and aligned in DAPs. Alternately, State Nodal Agency could

communicate to the districts regarding the State‟s priorities that ought to be reflected in the

respective district plans and then the districts might incorporate these in their updated district

plans.

Preparation / revision of the DAPs is an elaborate, exhaustive and iterative process

and care need be taken by the State nodal department and district agriculture department in

ensuring that these plans cover the entire gamut of agriculture and allied sectors.

Each State thereafter has to prepare SAIDP in a similar manner to that of DAPs and

SAPs for identifying shelf of projects for RKVY (Infrastructure and Assets) stream. SAIDP

should ideally be consolidation of requirement of infrastructure identified in DAPs and SAP.

State Planning Department provided revised / updated SAP and SAIDP to Department of

Agriculture (DAC) and Planning Commission as part of State‟s annual State Plan exercise.

225


Farm Mechanization has been an important element of modernization of agriculture.

Productivity of the farm depends considerably on the availability of farm power coupled with

efficient farm implements and their judicious utilization. Agricultural equipment enable

efficient utilization of various inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, plant protection chemicals and

water for irrigation in addition to alleviation of drudgery associated with various farm

operations and making farming an attractive enterprise.

Availability of adequate farm power is very crucial for timely farm operations for

increasing production and productivity. There has been close correlation between farm

power availability and productivity. Productivity of the farm depends considerably on the

availability of farm power coupled with efficient farm implements and their judicious

utilization. The power productivity relationship shows that those States having higher farm

power availability/ha have higher productivity. It is reported that the additional requirement of

food grains in future will be met, to a great extent, where the demand for tractors, power

tillers and other machinery will continue to increase in future also.

To provide a higher share of consumer prices to the farmers there is a need to reduce

the multiple layer of intermediaries by providing alternative marketing channels and creation

of scientific storages nearer to the farms. The major infrastructure constraints faced by most

of the farmers‟ markets include the non-availability of scientific storage facilities, adequate

number of stalls, canteens, rest room facilities and drinking water. Even though waste

disposal is not a problem, the utilization of waste for productive purposes remains elusive in

most of the farmers markets.

Besides, storage godowns in Primary Agricultural Cooperative Societies and in

Cooperative Marketing Societies, additional marketing godown for storing food grains and

pulses, drying yards for use of farmers of food grains and pulses which would prevent loss

resulting from cleaning, grading, longer period of drying on roads, cold storage and market

complex for fruits and flowers, Coconut Market / Processing complex with trader input shops,

drying yard, solar drier, rural godown and value addition incubation centre, common facility

centres for vegetable sorting and packaging and direct sale units, establishment of modern

market complex for flowers, construction of godown, drying yard, warehousing and

transaction shed in Regulated Markets and Agri. Marketing Committees, Installation of silos

for storing grains, Direct purchase centres for procurement of agri. Commodities,

226


establishment of solar coconut drying yards etc., would help in effective post-harvest

management and value addition in agricultural and horticultural crops.

Creation of infrastructure and equipment to the veterinary health centres is necessary

for the timely diagnosis and treatment of animal diseases. Emphasis has to be given to

strengthen mobile veterinary services to ensure better access to farm households. Vaccine

storage facilities in every health care institution would pave way for better animal health

management.

Inland fish catches are conditioned by aberrations of rainfall, less retention of water in

the water bodies, inadequate fish seed and feed and absence of proper marketing. Efforts

need to be directed towards the development of scientific storages and marketing of inland

fisheries. To augment inland fisheries, the shortfall in fish seed and feed has to be overcome.

Inland fishery cooperative societies need to be promoted and strengthened and provided

with necessary infrastructure and financial support to take up culture and capture fisheries

with the active role of fisherwomen. Fresh water fish culture needs to be promoted in

seasonal tanks / ponds owned by Panchayats.

Considering the above challenges, the State Agriculture Infrastructure Development

Program proposed the following interventions.

Agriculture

Production of elite planting materials

Facilities for seed processing

Facilities for seed quality maintenance

Production of organic manure

Establishment of laboratories

Infrastructure for strengthening research capacity

Strengthening of extension activities

Infrastructure for post-harvest management

Propagation of drip / micro irrigation

Distribution of agricultural implements and machinery for farm and post-harvest

operations

227


Horticulture

Production of elite planting materials

Promotion of protection cultivation in horticultural crops

Improvement in post-harvest handling and promotion of storage structures

Strengthening facilities for marketing of horticultural produces


Strengthening extension activities

Infrastructure for horticultural research and development

Propagation of drip / micro Irrigation

Infrastructure for water harvesting and storage

Distribution of agricultural implements and machinery for farm and post-harvest

operations

Infrastructure for post-harvest management

Agricultural Engineering and Mechanization

Procurement and distribution of agricultural machinery and equipment

Establishment of farm machinery banks for custom hiring centre

Establishment of hi-tech, high productive equipment hub for custom hiring

Promotion of farm mechanization in selected villages

Promotion of mechanized farming operations

Tractor hiring scheme

Propagation of drip / minor irrigation

Utilization of solar energy and promotion of solar pumpsets

Water conservation measures

Soil conservation measures

Agricultural Marketing and Agribusiness

Establishment of marketing structures

Establishment of processing units

Establishment / strengthening of marketing institutions

Establishment of farmers learning centre

Provision of market accessories

228


Seed certification and Organic Certification

Establishment of seed processing units and seed testing labs

Strengthening of seed certification institutions

Seed certification accessories

Animal Husbandry and Dairy Development

Establishment of livestock farms and poultry industry

Establishment of cattle feed production units


Propagation of drip / micro irrigation

Strengthening of breeding units

Provision of facilities for improved delivery of veterinary services

Strengthening infrastructure facilities in veterinary health institutions and dairy units

Establishment of new structures for veterinary services

Establishment of disease diagnostic centers

Establishment of mobile veterinary units

Establishment of milk processing units

Strengthening extension facilities

Machineries and implements in animal husbandry

Fisheries

Establishment of fish culture ponds and provision of inputs

Establishment of GIFT farms and provision of inputs

Ornamental fish culture

Marketing of fishes

Strengthening of infrastructure facilities

Infrastructure for fisheries research and development

Strengthening extension facilities

Machineries and implements for fishing

229


Sericulture

Strengthening sericulture department

Establishment of silk rearing centre and reeling units

Strengthening marketing facilities

Establishment of farmer learning centre

Agro Forestry

Infrastructure development for agro forestry

Public Works Department (WRO /IRRIGATION)

Desilting of lakes / Irrigation canals and strengthening of bunds

Removals of encroachments

Construction of check dams, anaicuts, bed dams

Rehabilitation of anaicuts, tanks, supply channel and its infrastructures

Modernization and enhancing the existing capacity of tanks by desilting and creation

of Island

Cooperation and Civil Supplies

Strengthening of cooperative societies

Construction of direct purchase centres

Construction of drying platform

Processing units

Processing machineries and equipments

State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Program

To execute the developmental activities as detailed in the plan, the State Agriculture

Infrastructure Development Program proposed a budget of Rs. 7609.03 crores with sectorial

allocation and it is furnished in the table below. The above planned investment will help to

achieve a four per cent growth in agriculture sector. Thus, about 38.46 per cent of the budget

is allocated to Agricultural Engineering, Agriculture Marketing (12.92 per cent), Animal

Husbandry and Dairy Development (13.01 per cent), Horticulture (11.61 per cent),

Agriculture (10.36 per cent), Public Works Department Irrigation (8.36 per cent), Fisheries

including Research and Development (3.68 per cent) and other sectors contribute

1.61 per cent of budget.

230


Table 3.77 Sector wise funds requirements for infrastructure

(₹ in crores)

Sl.

No. Sector I Year II Year III Year IV Year V Year Total %

1 Agriculture including Research

and Development

194.68 134.83 128.15 123.82 206.50 787.98 10.36

2 Horticulture 187.08 146.41 135.91 190.98 223.14 883.52 11.61

3 Agricultural Engineering 585.06 547.77 580.76 589.00 623.99 2926.58 38.46

4 Agricultural Marketing 196.54 74.11 120.50 457.24 134.46 982.84 12.92

5 Seed Certification 7.87 4.14 3.28 3.81 3.07 22.17 0.29

6 Animal Husbandry and Dairy

Development including


277.75 173.79 140.67 128.20 268.99 989.41 13.01

7 Fisheries including Research

and Development

72.48 63.40 42.35 37.58 64.44 280.25 3.68

8 Sericulture 11.23 9.19 7.66 7.32 7.34 42.74 0.56

9 Agro Forestry 6.96 6.96 6.96 6.96 7.21 35.05 0.46

10 PWD (WRO) 225.40 105.53 105.02 101.82 98.67 636.44 8.36

11 Cooperation and Civil Supplies 3.42 3.42 3.92 3.42 7.87 22.05 0.29

Grand Total 1768.47 1269.55 1275.18 1650.15 1645.68 7609.03 100.00

national agriculture development program (nadp …rkvy.nic.in/static/saidp/tn_saidp.pdfnational...

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