national aeronautics and space administration introduction to lunar excavator senior design project...
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Introduction to Lunar Excavator Senior Design Project
• Mission Objective: Design a excavator to dig lunar dirt at rate, power consumption, mass specified by NASA
• Follow a “Systems Engineering” Approach• No hints from your instructor – you will need to design
your own system• But you will have resources to prepare you for lunar
machinery design
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Resources
• Handbook and Webpage containing Chapters on
Chapter 1: Introduction – what been happening, what’s going to happen moon missions
Chapters 2-4: Systems Engineering “How to”
Chapter 5: Lunar environment
Chapter 6: Component design and selection
Chapter 7: Thermal control
Chapter 8: CAE tools
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Moon vs. Earth
Heiken, Vaniman, & French (1991)
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Past Lunar Missions - http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions
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Past Landing Spots
Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV or “Moon Buggy”)
• The LRV has “legacy” (proven to be reliable in operation). When making one-of-a-kind systems for use in a space, legacy can have strongly influence new designs
Earth Construction Machinery
• Lunar Base Applications for Construction Machinery similar to Needs on Earth
Construction, excavation, unloading/loading, transporting loads, site preparation, roads, berms, trenches, digging and drilling
Will lunar equipment look like this????
Backhoe loader
Excavator for Earth
Earth Excavators and Lunar Excavators are not the Same
Earth Excavator Lunar
Excavator
Power Source Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
??? (and not an ICE)
Actuators Hydraulic Cylinders ??? (and not hydraulic)
Propulsion Tracked or wheeled Tracked, wheeled or something else?
Sensing Human Operator Sensors – many options
Controller Human Operator Autonomous vs. teleoperated
• “Trade Studies” are a powerful tool to compare and rank choices
• And don’t think it has to look like an earth excavator!
Recent and Future Mission
Mission Year Summary
Lunar Prospector/ Clemintine
1994, 1998
Small spacecraft orbiters that sensed significant amount of Hydrogen in dark polar craters
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)
2008 Orbiter to map and characterize future landing sites for In-situ resource utilization (ISRU)
Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS)
2008 Launched with LRO to search for water-ice in dark polar craters, later deploying a spacecraft to impact a dark crater with second following and sensing impact cloud for water-ice
Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV)
2020 Man returns to the moon on the CEV and lunar lander
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Lunar Base Architectures
Regolith Excavation Area
Oxygen Plant Habitat and airlocks
Solar Arrays
Radio Antenna
Radiators
Fuel cells
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Dark Craters and Mountains of Perpetual Light at the Poles
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Polar Base Architecture
Technology Readiness Level
Low-TRL Technologies For the FutureLow-TRL Technologies For the Future
System Test, Launch & Operations
System/Subsystem Development
Technology Demonstration
Technology Development
Research to Prove Feasibility
Basic Technology Research
TRL 9TRL 9
TRL 8TRL 8
TRL 7TRL 7
TRL 6TRL 6
TRL 5TRL 5
TRL 4TRL 4
TRL 3TRL 3
TRL 2TRL 2
TRL 1TRL 1
In-Space Propulsion TechnologiesIn-Space Propulsion Technologies
NASA Implementation: (Deep Space One Ion Engine Example)NASA Implementation: (Deep Space One Ion Engine Example)
Beamed EnergyBeamed EnergyFusion & AntimatterFusion & AntimatterExternal Pulsed PlasmaExternal Pulsed Plasma
Solar Electric PropulsionSolar Electric PropulsionSolar SailsSolar Sails
TethersTethersAdv. ChemicalAdv. Chemical
AerocaptureAerocapture
In-Space Propulsion Technology Program Will Develop New Propulsion Systems for Robotic Exploration of the Solar System
• NASA measures the maturity of a technology on a scale from 1 to 10.
• TRL 1 level projects are considered basic research (most student excavator projects will start here and stay low TRL level).
• TRL 9 means the technology is mission ready (for an excavator, that implies it is ready to send to the moon).
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ITAR
• ITAR is the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR). It is a law and punishable with fines and imprisonment if violated. It purpose is to control the export and import of defense-related articles and services, which often includes work on NASA projects. Designs, test data, software codes, etc. should not be shared with non-US citizens. Or, if you have access to such data you are not allowed to share it with non-US citizens.