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NASHIK CITY; AN OVERVIEW

CHAPTER 4

NASHIK CITY, AN OVERVIEW

4.0.0.0 Introduction

Nashik, a city located in Northwest of Maharashtra State in India, is 180 km away

from Mumbai, and 200 Km from Pune. Nashik city is administrative HQ of Nashik

District and Nashik Division. It is located in Western ghats on Western edge of

Deccan Peninsula on banks of River Godavari. According to Census of India,2001

Nashik had a population of 1,076,967 and in 2011 it is 16 lacs .It has an area of 259 sq

km.It is fourth largest urban area in Maharashtra in terms of population. It is third

most industrialised city in Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune. It has also been on

tourist map of India because mythologically it is related to Ramayan and Mahabharat

both.

Nashik is one of the fastest developing city, not only in Maharashtra but ranks 16th

fastest growing city in Asia. It forms important vertex of ‘Golden Triangle’ of

Mumbai-Nashik-Pune being equidistant sides of isosceles triangle of development. In

nationwide survey conducted by ABP News in April 2013, Nasik was declared as

second best city in India.

4.1.0.0. Status of Hospital Waste Management in Nasik Region

It is important to understand that Nasik Region is quite wide and has 4 sectors/sub

regions. These 4 sectors cover 5 districts of Nasik, Jalgaon, Ahmednagar, Dhule and

Nandurbar. Regional office of MPCB is located at Udyog Bhavan, Trambak Road

Nasik. The same complex also houses sub regional office Nasik. Therefore, it is

advantageous for Nasik to avail laboratory and all other facilities in MPCB building.

It is worth to understand wider picture at regional level before coming on to research

area of Nasik city in particular.

Map 4.1; Map of Maharashtra Showing 5 Districts of Nasik Region under MPCB

There are Number of Health Care Establishments(HCEs)in Nashik Region. As per

recorded documents with MPCB, Indian Medical Association(IMA) of Nashik, Health

Officer Nashik Municipal Corporation(NMC),and Chief Medical Officer Nashik there

are 1344 private and government hospitals/leprosy units/labs etc(upto2009) in Nasik

region. Recently this figure has gone up to 1423.In Nasik region statistics as per

MPCB annual report 2005 are given below;

(a) Total HCEs = 1344

(b) Total HCEs applied for = 1225

(c) Total authorisations granted = 1223

(d) Total HCEs for CTBMW = 912

(e) Authorisation, but not joining = 89

(f) Applications after show cause = 62

(g) Total HCEs prosecuted = Nil

All above HCEs are generating 4500kg/day of waste (2005 data- MPCB Report, Para

26).No data after this date is available.

Bio medical waste is generated by hospitals,labs,clinics etc. Details of these in Nasik

region is given below;

Description Numbers

Total Number of beds available 6100

Private Nursing Homes and Dispensaries 732

Municipal Hospital 05

Municipal Nursing Homes 11

Municipal Dispensaries 10

Leprosy Unit 01

Leprosy Centre 11

City PHC 10

Mobile Dispensaries 07

Sonography centres 02(govt);140 (private)

Govt Hospitals 03

ESIC Hospitals 01

Govt Dispensaries 12

ISP Hospitals 02

Immunisation centres/AIDS Centre 182/ 01

As per 2010 Report of MPCB breakdown of these details is given below;

Serial Bedded HCE No of Beds BMW TreatedKg/Day Non Authorisation

1 More than

500 beds

2248 237 26%

2 200-499 2876 400 10%

3 50-199 2409 686 7.14%

4 Less than 50 12817 1759 4.83%

20350 3082

If we assume that BMW generation is directly proportional to number of beds then

NMC management should focus on Health Care Establishments (HCEs) with less than

50 beds.

Serial Non bedded HCE No of HCEs BMW Treated /Kg/Day

1 More than 1000 patients/month 28 48

2 Less than 1000 patients /month 1634 278

3 Others/institutes etc 357 32

2019 358

Details of bedded HCEs utilising Common facilities or not is given below;-

* Total HCEs = 2569(554 violated, action initiated against all

Defaulters)

* Members of common facility = 2265

* Members having own facility = 238

* Members neither having own facility, nor members = 66

Details of non bedded HCEs utilising Common facilities or not is given below;-

* Total non bedded HCEs = 2019

* Members of common facility = 1581

* Members having own facility = NIL

* Members neither having own facility, nor members = 438

Serial Type Number Availing facility Authorisation

1 ≥ 1000 patients/month

28 21 21

2 ≤ 1000 patients/month

1634 653 653

3 Others/institutes 357 345 30

Bio medical waste generated by bedded HCEs= 3198Kg/day

Biomedical waste generated by non-bedded HCEs= 410Kg/Day

As per June 2011 annual Report of MPCB, 126 of bedded HCEs and 528 of non

bedded HCEs have not been granted/applied for authorisation. Till 2010 following 4

agencies spread across Nasik were involved with BMW whose details are given

below;-

Table 4.1; Details of CBMWTF Facilities in Nasik Region

Ser

Operator HCEs Beds BMW/Day

IncineratorCap.Kg/Hr

AvgRuntime

Totalwaste

BMW/Bed

1 MessersWatergrace PvtLtd,Nasik

1400 7679 1900 300 5.5 hrs 86.84 0.25

2 Messers BiocleanSystems PvtLtd,Ahmednagar

924 6149 550 100 5.0hrs 90.9 0.09

3 Messers MansiBiomedical WasteEnterprises,Jalgaon

698 2817 398.3 70 4.71hrs 82.85 0.14

4 Messers ShriSwami Samarth

285 1135 300 100 1.6hrs 53.3 0.26

Ent PvtLtd.Dhule/Nandurbar

Table 4.2; Summary Table of KPIs for CBMWTDF Transporters in Nasik

Region

Ser Operator HCEs BMW/Day

BMWTransported.Kg/Day

1 Messers Watergrace Pvt Ltd 1400 1900 1.97

2 Messers Bioclean Systems Pvt Ltd 924 550 0.42

3 Messers Mansi Biomedical WasteEnterprises

698 550 1.53

4 Messers Shri Swami Samarth Ent Pvt

Ltd

430 300 0.55

4.2.0.0; Current Status of Solid Waste Management (SWM) in Nashik

Nashik Municipal Corporation (NMC) the governing administrative body of town was

established in 1864. It boasts of being a leading municipal corporation in India, as far

as disposal of waste and its management are concerned. Its Ghantagari project

became world famous. Many Municipal Corporations from all over the country and

even few Asian countries representatives came to study and co-opt ghantagari.

(Photo-4.1; Ghantagadi, a Modified Vehicle For Garbage Collection In Nashik)

(source; Actual photo)

This world class concept of Ghantagari is being continuously refined in Nashik.

Proper place for waste disposal is not only earmarked; but also, a processing plant has

been installed at khat prakalp in 2000(upgraded to 600 TPD now) to recycle and

process bio-degradation of dry and wet waste separately.

Legal Background. In 2000 Ministry of Environment and Forests, GoI (MoEF)

notified the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) rules 1998.The rules

contained directives for all Urban Local Bodies (ULB) to establish a proper system of

waste management. Following seven directives were given;-

(a) Prohibit littering on streets by ensuring storage of waste at source in two bins,

one for bio degradable waste and another for recyclable material.

(b) Primary collection of segregated biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste

from the doorstep at pre-informed timings on day today basis using containerised tri

cycle/hand carts/pick up vans.

(c) Street sweeping covering all the residential and commercial areas on all days

including holidays.

(d) Abolition of open waste storage depot,s and provision of covered containers or

closed body waste storage depots.

(e) Transportation of Waste in covered vehicles on day today basis.

(f) Treatment of biodegradable waste using composting or waste to energy

technologies meeting laid down standards.

(g) Minimise the waste going to scientifically engineered landfills(SLFs) and dispose

off only rejects from treatment plants and inert material at the landfills as per

standards laid down in the rules.

Under The Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporations Act 1949, Commissioner

Nashik has given powers to Divisional Sanitary Inspectors and Sanitary Inspectors to

charge fines and to take action against citizens who are not following SWM Rules.

Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission(JNNURM). City

Development Plan(CDP)(3rd revision) submitted in 2012 by the Nasik city

government to JNNURM(Ministry of Urban Development) is comprehensive and

incorporates the requirements specified under JNNURM tool kit adequately. A

systematic presentation of the existing situation, identification of problems based on

the data analysis and felt needs of the stake-holders, and linked investment plans has

been made.

The Vision: Based on the discussions with various stakeholders public representatives

and officers city vision for development is envisaged as follows:

- Nashik should develop as international religious tourism center.

- Nashik City to develop as a high potential AUTOHUB.

- Nashik City will transform into a major export center for Agrobased food products,

grapes, onion, wine, tomato, strawberry and flowers.

- Nashik with its all-modern infrastructure will turn into enriched Information

Technology/Bio-Technology hub.

- Nashik will flourish as the third angle of the GOLDEN TRIANGLE, along with

Mumbai & Pune which are already developed.

- Open University, Health University, Medical and Engineering colleges, higher

education in other faculties, high potential of graduated young talent will be available

every year and multi dimensional development of the city will utilise this available

talent.

- CDO, MERI, NRTC, Indian Railway institute for Electrical Engineers, Artillery

training institute and others in Public sector and other such institutes in private sector

will have further impact Nationwide. Nashik will develop as National training Center

for various subjects. A separate Institute for training Municipal Administrative staff

may be developed at Nashik.

- Nashik will remain as peaceful, clean, green and artistic cultural center apart from

the busy industrial and tourism activity.

Solid waste Management: The city has a functioning door-to-door solid-waste

collection system and a compost plant. Both the collection and transport is outsourced

on contract basis (Rs.700/mt). About 200 MT is collected every day expending about

Rs. 7 Crores per year and recovers about Rs. 1.75 Crores per annum. The city also has

a biomedical waste management plant operated by the municipal corporation. Sanitary

landfill has been built and is functional. Financial projections of Rs 52.3 crores are as

per details given below;-

o Improved collection and transportation system (Vehicles) – Rs.12.5 Crores

o Processing Site Improvements – Rs. 2.7 Crores

o Compost Site and Sheds – Rs. 2.34 Crores

o Sanitary Landfill Sites – Rs. 4.00 Crores

o Plant and Machinery – Rs. 3.06 Crores

o Other Infrastructure – Rs. 27.7

Serial EstablishmentTypes

1 Households

2 Hotels and

Restaurants

3 Commercial

Establishments

It is important to note that the city proposes to revert back to the system of service

delivery (Collection and transport) from PPP to service through ULB model 3.

The NMC is collecting 300-350 tons of MSW per day. According to DPR for SWM

2007 the average waste generation is only 218 gm/capita/day. This situation is either

due to collection inefficiencies or due to high proportion of agriculture/horticulture

farming which helps in utilisation of green waste for in situ composting. With better

collection and transportation measures the collection efficiency should increase.

Nasik is the only city in Maharashtra which has taken lead towards scientific

management of MSW in accordance with MSW rules 2000.With upgradaion of entire

SWM system, this facility could act as lime light training and development centre for

state of Maharashtra.

NMC has given contract of collection and transportation of solid waste of six

divisions of city to two contractors. Contract of collection and transportation includes

door to door collection of solid waste through Ghantagadi and transportation to

Municipal Solid Waste Treatment Facility, solid waste is collected from 2.9 lac

households of 108 wards of city through 124 ghantagadis and ownership of

Ghantagadis is with NMC.

Table 4.3; No of Establishments covered for SWM by door to door service

Total

2,97,890

1806

300

Serial Types Of Vehicles Total Capacity(T)

1 Lorries 4 3

2 Mini Lorries/Trucks 3 1

3 Tracer Trailers

4 Tipper Trucks(ghantagadi)

18

124

3

3

Total

Table 4.4; Details of Solid Waste Transportation Vehicles

Tons/Month

360

90

1620

10890

12960

Sanitary Landfills;

The solid waste is not suitable for any processing and is transported to sanitary

landfill. For this purpose, a sanitary landfill at Lasalgaon in 2 hectares has been

developed.This place is 54 km from Tapovan/Nasik. Proper arrangement for leachate

is also provided and this is connected to the leachate treatment plant for further

processing.

Photo 4.2; MSW Treatment Plant and Sanitary Landfill Site at Khat Prakalp

Nasik.

(source; nashikcorporation.gov.in)


1 Lorries 4 3


3 Tracer Trailers


18

124

3

3

Total


Tons/Month

360

90

1620

10890

12960

Sanitary Landfills;





processing.


Nasik.



1 Lorries 4 3


3 Tracer Trailers


18

124

3

3

Total


Tons/Month

360

90

1620

10890

12960

Sanitary Landfills;





processing.


Nasik.


Table 4.5; Details of Actual/official Year Wise Waste Collection and Processing

At Khat Prakalp, Nasik

Year CollectedWaste(MT)

CompostProduction(MT)

CompostSale(MT)

Revenue fromSale(Rs,Lac)

2001-2002 46629 1446 160 --

2002-2002 74435 2239 2018 6.77

2003-2002 79096 2121 2904 38.81

2004-2002 75008 3752 2790 67.72

2005-2002 76517 2608 3548 59.73

2006-2002 88120 3363 3106 53.26

2007-2002 95362 1403 1764 30

2008-2002 98106.29 1255.2 1738.65 33.14

2009-2002 103654.47 1508.5 1261.74 24.67

2010-2002 116755 945 685.55 14.74

2011-2002 121256.94 1144.2 618.21 15.43

2012-

Feb2013

114521.23 1031.84 56.32 22.18

Rates of Sale of Compost as on 31 March 2013; Rs 2800/- per MT (50 Kg bag)

Rs 2300/- per MT (loose bag)

This waste is being collected in 130 vehicles each having 2 labour, and one driver.(as

on 30 June 2013)

Responsibility of Managing Waste

Overall responsibility of managing waste in Nasik is as under;-

1. Overall (Collection, segregation and transportation of MSW,and hospital waste,

both).In conjunction with MPCB Sub-Regional office, Nasik ; Health Officer NMC,

Rajiv Gandhi Bhavan, Nasik- Dr S Y Hirey (9423179170).

2. For Processing and Landfill.Officer incharge; Mr RK Pawar, Supdt Engr, Water

Supply, NMC, Rajiv Gandhi Bhavan, Nasik.

Management and Complaint Redressal System. Nasik has been devided in 6

divisions for managing both types of wastes. NMC has appointed six Divisional

Sanitary Inspectors(DSI) and below them are Sanitary Inspectors. They ensure smooth

functioning and complaint redressal. Toll free number 145is operational for lodging

complaints. All complaints are addressed within 72 hours24. In addition citizens can

file their complaints in writing either to NMC Headquarters or Divisional Office.

Mobile numbers of six SIs are given below;-

Satpur- 9423179171

Nasik East- 9423179172

Nasik Road- 9423179173

Nasik West- 9423179174

CIDCO- 9423179175

Panchvati- 9423179176

Map 4.2; Map showing six divisions in Nasik City; As per Sub Regional MPCB

Office

Nasik city is registering almost 20% extra growth rate compared to similar other cities

in India. This is leading to rapid development of real estate, housing complexs,

shopping malls etc. Consequently, per capita MSW quantity has been estimated to

reach 1161gm/day by 2026.The population growth rate has been 63.98% in last

decade. Keeping these trends in mind the forecasted MSW generation will be 750

TPD by 2015, and 1628 TPD by 2031.

Graph 4.1 Estimated Future MSW Generation in Nasik

Table 4.6; Generation of Municipal Solid Waste (projections)

Serial Year MSW MT/Day Quantity MT/day Remnants @15%

MT for SLF

1 2006 300 109500 16425

2 2011 421 153665 23050

3 2021 827 301855 45278

4 2031 1628 594220 89133

Total 7520095 1128015

(Volume in SLF at compaction density 0.8=1410018M3.

Analysis of city waste carried out recently reveals 37.8% easily compostable (short

term bio degradable) materials,19.5% hard lignites and long term bio-degradables and

16.2% textiles, plastic, rubber etc. These last two components having 35.7% content

in MSW have become a major cause of concern. These materials are negative

contributors to processing plant efficiency and rapidly exhaust available land for land

fill.

Problems Faced and Proposals in Working at Khat Prakalp; NMC has officially

published an information booklet on functioning of Municipal Waste Management. In

Marathi its nomenclature is “Khatprakalp ghankachra vyavasthapan”. This documentis updated and in possession of this researcher. The problems mentioned in this

brochure are given below;-

(a) Alternate arrangements for machines need to be made. In case one machine

goes off road, operations come to stand by.

(b) Similarly, vehicles also break down. In July 2013 RTO Nashik declared that

17 waste collection vehicles were not in mechanically fit condition.(TOI,

Nasik Edition, 04 July 2013).There is requirement of additional modified

Vehicles.

(c) No generator for alternate arrangements in case electricity shut down.

(d) All facilities be inter connected with rain passage. During rainy season,

working conditions worsen.

(e) Increase the number of workers. Rag pickers must be regularised with better

conditions of work.8 hour shift means man power at 2.5 watch system.

(f) Continuous technology review and upgradation.

(g) The staff at Khat prakalp proposes to increase awareness levels and

segregate at source so that their work becomes easier.

(h) For last 4 years standstill type windrow composting is in vogue in place of

Accelerated Aerobic Shifting Type Windrow Composting. This is to

increase recovery.

(i) Invessel Composting at number of places in the city is recommended. In

this case composting done in smaller enclosed boxes. The dangerous

emissions are reduced.

(j) It is recommended to sell expertise of operating khat prakalp at many other

places in Maharashtra and India. The staff here is trained here for last 4

years.

Financial Proposals by Staff Working at Khat Prakalp, Nasik; It is proposed to

spend Rs 60crores under JNNURM scheme. Suggested details are given below;-

(a) Rs 6.5 crores for processing 2.5 ton municipal waste.

(b) Rs 14.21 crores for modified vehicles of NMC instead hiring from

contractors.

(c) Rs 2.7 crores for their maintainance.

(d) Rs 8.1 crores for machines and technology to cater for composting till 2031.

(e) Rs 10 crores for segregation.

(f) Rs 11 crores- Specialised bricks. Additional 2.1 crores for sand,pebbles

construction material.

(g) Rs 4 crores for organising waste.

(h) 1.2 crores for animals.

(i) Rs 1 crores for workers welfare, residences, medical aid, training etc.

(j) Rs 3.18 for misc works like lecheate treatment, tree plantation, water

harvesting etc.

4.3.0.0 Current Status of Hospital Waste Management (HWM) in Nashik

Linked with 12 yearly Kumbh mela, Nasik city has emerged as leading medical

tourism spot along side religious spirit. Number of HCEs is not only increasing as the

next Kumbh mela approaches in 2014, but existing ones are being upgraded, specially

government hospitals. Therefore, the number is dynamic. List with IMA Nasik

chapter, NMC, CBMWTF are all varying. The researcher chose to collect authentic,

updates list from NMC by means of RTI query. This list is given in ORIGINAL at

Appendix C (as on 25 June 2013). Those registered for contract with CBMWTF

contractor are being researched upon.

As given in earlier chapter methodology of research has been to visit maximum

hospitals of all types in Nasik. A questionnaire was prepared for administrator,

doctors/nurses/ward boys, ayahs etc. This was major part of field work. The

researcher will be frank in accepting that most hospitals, specially private, were not

forth coming in sharing details asked for in the questionnaire. So part questionnaire

were completed by few staff at few HCEs. Messers SMS Water Grace BWW Pvt Ltd,

have been appointed contractors to treat hospital waste centrally. Their facility is

existing at Tapovan (opposite Mayur Tractors on Mumbai-Dhulia highway;

Kammanwar bridge, Nasik. Details of their working are elaborated in questionnaire

attached at Appendix G, and not being repeated here.

Indian Medical Association (IMA) and Nasik Municipal Corporation (NMC) held

mutual conference in January 2004. Following rates for charging from HCEs were

agreed;

(a) Charges by Messers Watergrace Pvt Ltd;

(i) Rs 2.50 per day per cot for 100 beds. Rs 2.00/- for hospitals

with more than 100 beds

(ii) Dispensary Rs 175/- per month

(iii) Dental clinic Rs 250/-

(iv) Pathological labs, blood banks, eye camps; Rs 500/- per month

(b) Rate revision for bio medical waste services will be done every two years

(c) Penalty for not paying fees in due time.

(d) No mixing will be permitted for municipal waste and bio medical waste.

(e) All doctors/HCEs will compulsorily be members.

4.3.1.0; Some observations of Field Work in HCEs in Nasik

The field work in Nasik was really a great education for this Researcher. Many

observations were made these are given at relevant places. In subsequent paras some

are given as they merit more attention.

Table 4.7 Lifting of Bio Medical Waste by CBMWTF (Responses given by the

Administrators)

GovernmentHospitals

PrivateHospitals

BothHospitals

f % f % f %Lifting of MedicalWaste by PrivateContractors

13 100 11 84.6 24 92.3

Type of Waste lifted bycontractorsa) Non – infectious 13 100 11 84.6 24 92.3

b) Infectious 12 92.3 12 92.3 24 92.3

c) Disinfected 10 76.5 5 38.5 15 57.7

d) Anatomical waste 3 23.1 4 30.8 7 26.9

Table 4.7 shows that biomedical waste is lifted from all the Govt. hospitals but in spite

of payment made by the private hospitals, NMC lifts biomedical waste from only

84.6% of such hospitals. It was also observed that during the study that BMC does not

lift biomedical waste at all from the private nursing homes, so they have to depend on

local sweepers who dump the infectious waste into municipal bins.

It is also observed from the above data, that infectious and non-infectious waste is

collected from most of the govt. hospitals and the Private hospitals. A wide difference

was noticed in generation of disinfected medical waste. It was seen that 76.5% of the

govt. hospitals and 38.5% of the private hospitals disinfected their biomedical waste.

The medical waste disinfected is only infected sharp waste.

Animal anatomical waste such as organs, body parts, tissues and placenta are lifted

from 23.1% of the govt. hospitals while only 30.8% private hospitals generated this

type of waste.

Table 4.8 Frequency of Lifting waste by contractor from the Hospitals

(Responses given by the Administrators, Nurses and Sweepers)

GovernmentHospitals

PrivateHospitals

BothHospitals

f % f % f %

Once a day

Administrators 7 53..8 4 30.8 11 42.3

Nurses 27 57.4 17 50 44 54.3

Sweepers 30 73.2 16 61.5 46 68.7

Twice a week

Administrators 4 30.8 2 15.4 6 23.1

Nurses 1 2.1 3 8.8 4 4.9

Sweepers 2 4.9 3 11.5 5 7.5

Thrice a week

Administrators 0 0 2 15.4 2 7.7

Nurses 3 6.4 2 5.9 5 6.2

Sweepers 3 7.3 5 19.2 8 11.9

More than Three times

Administrators 1 7.7 5 38.5 6 23.1

Nurses 3 6.4 0 0 3 3.7

Sweepers 1 2.4 0 0 1 1.5

Municipal bins

Administrators 0 0 0 0 0 0

Nurses 0 0 1 2.9 1 1.2

Sweepers 0 0 1 3.8 1 1.5

Table 4.8 shows that NMC lifts biomedical waste from 53.8% of Govt. and 30.8%

private hospitals at least once a day as responses given by the administrators but

according to the nurses and sweepers biomedical waste is lifted daily from 57.4% and

73.2% govt. hospitals respectively. As responses given by the nurses and sweepers,

50% and 61.5% of private hospitals send their biomedical waste for treatment and

disposal once a day. 30.8% administrators, 2.1% nurses and 4.9% sweepers from govt.

hospitals said that municipality and 15.4% lift the biomedical waste twice a week

from their hospitals.

Table 4.9 Follow Up and Charges taken by Contractor for Lifting Waste

(Responses given by the Administrators, Nurses and Sweepers)

GovernmentHospitals

PrivateHospitals

BothHospitals

f % f % f %Follow up ofcontractor’s disposalwork

13 23.1 5 38.6 8 30.8

Charges taken

a) Less than 15 0 0 0 0 0 0

b) More than 15 9 69.2 6 46.2 15 57.7

c) Yearly 2 15.4 2 15.4 4 15.4

d) No charge 1 7.7 4 30.8 5 19.2

e) Not aware 1 7.7 1 7.7 2 17.7

The researcher found by asking probing questions that once the contractor takes away

the medical waste no hospital tries to follow up the contractors disposal work though

table 4.9 shows that 23.1% of the govt. hospitals and 38.6% Pvt. hospitals follow up

contractor’s disposal work.

The table also shows that no uniform method of charging fees for lifting the medical

waste is adopted . 69.2% of the Govt. Hospitals and 46.2% Pvt. Hospitals pay more

than Rs 15/- for the hospitals pay lump sum amount for 3 years while 7.7% of the

Govt. hospitals and 30.8% Pvt. Hospitals do not pay any fees for lifting their bio-

medical waste to NMC. 7.7% of the hospitals are not even aware of this facility

provided by NMC.

Table 4.10 Transportation of BMW from Hospitals to CWTF

(Responses given by the Sweepers)

GovernmentHospitals

PrivateHospitals

BothHospitals

f % f % f %Separate vehicles forinfectious and non-infectious waste

35 85.4 24 96.2 60 89.6

Hazardous signs on thevehicles

5 12.2 7 26.9 12 17.9

Table 4.10 shows that separate vehicles collect infectious and non-infectious medical

waste in both the govt. and private hospitals but it is disheartening to note that 12.2%

of the govt. hospital sweepers and 26.9% of the private hospitals sweepers said that

vehicles are marked with hazardous signs.

4.3.2.0 Central Tratment Facility for Hospital Waste Management at Nasik.

Messers Watergrace Products Pvt Ltd are the contractors to operate the Central

Treatment Facility at Nasik. Indian Medical Association Nasik Chapter (IMAN),

MPCB Regional and sub –regional offices in Nasik, Nasik Municipal

Corporation(NMC) all ensure that health care establishments either use own installed

facility or take membership of Messers Watergrace to treat hospital waste.

From 2001 Messers Watergrace Pvt Ltd have been offered a facility to operate

equipment for central treatment. In 2001 that area was not so much inhabited as

today. But with advent of time lot of population has come up in and around the

CBMWTF at Tapovan. In 2007 there were wide spread strikes asking facility to be

shifted else where suggestively co-locate with Khat prakalp. However the facility

continues to operate from erstwhile location. Accordingly, by vintage the facility

needs technological up gradation along with shifting.

The present facility has vehicle arrival areas, indenting section, unloading areas,

sifting areas, shredder, incinerator, autoclaving and effluent escape areas. There is no

area for washing vehicles and containers, and nearby Godavari ghats are being used

for this purpose. This is awesome. Elucidated in subsequent paras are technical details

of equipment available at CBMWTF.

Services Offered By Messers Watergrace Pvt Ltd:

1. Collection, and transportation of BMW in biodegradable bags.

Segregation before transportation, transportation, and treatment are part of

annual contract of Watergrace with the Health Care Establishments(HCEs).

2. Transportation with the help of specially designed vehicles as per the rules

of CPCG & MPCB . Messers Watergrace have employed 12 specialist

vehicles for this purpose along with drivers, labour for segregation, and

cartage. These vehicles do 2 to 3 trips per day (except Sundays) to cover all

HCEs.

3. Treatment of BMW by incineration, autoclaving, & shredding within one

campus. For this 6 technicians have been employed by Watergrace.

4. Store and transport ash at the Lasalgaon land fill site 54 km away from

treatment site.

Treatment System; The system consists of: 1. Incineration 2. Autoclaving

3. Shredding 4. ETP

4.3.2.1 Incineration; The incineration system is double chambered incineration with

receiving chamber cyclone separator, water sprinklers ID fan & the chimney of 30

mtr. height. The water 1,2,3 &6 go directly into the incineration system. Incineration

consist of two chamber combustion chamber PCC & secondary combustion chamber

SCC. PCC is operated at 850º C + 50ºC with negative pressure of -5 mm of WC

(water column). In this material burns into ash. The flue gasses & SPM produced in

this chamber will go to the chamber combustion, which is operated at the temperature

of 1050ºC + 50ºC with negative pressure WC (water column), where flue gases are

reburned completely. Then the flue gasses scrubbers & cyclone separators for proper

treatment, before exhausting with the help of ID fans or through chimney. The

capacity of incineration unit is 300 Kg/hr. & height of the slack (Chamber) through

chimney.

Distinct Advantages of the system are:

a. Combustion efficiency of the system is 99.9% for burning of highly

infectious BMW.

b. Complete sterilization of the waste from categories no. 3, 5, & 7.

c. Heat generated from the system can be utilised to produce a steam for

autoclaving .

d. Ash can be land filled safely.

Photo 4.3; Actual Incinerator Installed at CBMWTF, Tapovan, Nasik

4.3.2.2; Flue Gas Treatment:

Venturi scrubbers & cyclone separators are used for flue gas treatment, where water is

used as a scrubbing medium. Whatever waste water comes out is recycled and after

scrubbing it will be treated and used for gardening. As the combustion efficiency of

system is 99.9% and bio degradable, incinerable bags are used flue gasses let out from

chimney does rensure much pollutant. Regular stack monitoring is conducted with the

help of stack monitoring kit & ambient sampling is conducted with the help of high

volume air sampler device system ensure compliance of the CPCB & MPCB rules

given below.

As per the CPCB & MPCB rules, the flue gas exhausted has to meet the following

parameters.

1. SPM Below 100 g/Nm3

2. NOX Below 450 g/ Nm3

3. HCL Below 50 g/ Nm3

Volatile organic compound in ash should not exceed than 0.01% Ash

generated is about 5% of the total BMW incinerated.

4.3.2.3; Autoclave System:

Autoclave is provided for the sterilization of the waste mentioned in categories 4, 5 &

7. In this process, waste is heated with the dry saturated steam at specified

temperature of 121ºC & 15 psi. The steam penetrates into the material & makes it

pathogens free. The sterilized waste is then shredded to small pieces either for

recycling or land filing. The proper guidelines have been issued to the hospitals,

dispensaries and concerned individuals for segregation, handling & packing of BMW

as per CPCB rules. The autoclave chamber constructed of heavy duty stainless steel

316 to withstand pressure of 1.2kg/cm3 to 2.2 kg/ cm3 corresponding to the

temperature of 121ºC - 134ºC. The capacity of chamber is 200 kg/hr. Two rails are

provided in the chamber bottom for easy loading and unloading of the material on

the carriage. It has double door system which is operated manually or using the

sliding type arrangement. Vacuum breaker valves are provided for heavy duty and

safety precautions. Plug screen in the chamber are provided to prevent chocking of

discharge line with solids. It is easily removable for cleaning. A thermostatic steam

vent is fitted in chamber to discharge line for automatic removal of air and chamber

condensate immediately. SS baffle plate fitted in chamber in front of the steam inlet

for proper distribution of steam in the chamber. The sterlizer is operable by steam

supplied by in built electric steam generator operable on electric coil. It has safety

features such as low water cut off, pressure control etc

Photo 4.4; Actual Autoclave Installed at CBMWTF, Tapovan, Nasik

4.3.2.4 Shredder Machine; After the waste is disinfected, materials like plastic,

saline bottles, syringes etc are made into small pieces by using machine so that none

of this waste is reused. The shredder is constructed and designed for minimum

maintenance and has capacity of 100 kg/hr. The shaft is made of high steel alloys

fitted with cutters having angular washer made of HSS which is heat treated to avoid

damage due to sharp shred waste, syringes, scalpel, glass, rubber gloves, plastic

material etc. Special hopes designed for shredder with RAM assistance to push the

mater in chamber Trolley is provided for handling shredded material. External

panelling covers are fitted for operators safety. Control unit has automatic reversing

action. This action protects shredder from accident. It also has auto shut down in case

the door of collection box or hopper lid is opened.

Photo 4.5; Actual Shredder Installed at CBMWTF, Tapovan, Nasik

4.3.2.5 Waste Water Treatment Plant/ ETP. It is planned to install an effluent

treatment plant so that liquid generated after treatment is disposed off. In Nasik water

is a a great problem unlike many other cities. After washing vehicles, the water can be

treated and used for gardening. In Nasik the contractor is presently washing all 12

vehicles in adjacent Godavari river. This pollutes water of holy river as down stream it

is used for holy bathing. On this issue thee have been much hulla bulu in the past. The

public made many ‘hartals’ to shift the CTBMW Facility from Tapovan to KhatPrakalp Area. How ever the operations continue from erstwhile site.

Photo 4.6; Actual ETP Planned to be Installed at CBMWTF, Tapovan, Nasik

4.3.3.0; Analysis of Work load At CBMWTF at Nasik

Actual and officially authenticated hospital waste collection by Messrs Watergrace

Pvt Ltd from 01 April 2012 to 31 March 2013 is given at Appendix- I. The following

can be deduced from this;-

Serial Quarter ofcollection

IncinerableWaste(kg)

NonIncinerableWaste(kg)

Total (kg)

A First 81861 16441 98302

B Second 88318 17014 105332

C Third 90154 18015 108106

D Fourth 110807 12720 123527

E Total 371140 64190 438267

(a) That the collection is independent of season/weather. Collection is gradually

increasing every quarter. From this, it can be deduced that more awareness is

spreading by the day, and more clients are attracted towards Messers

Watergrace Ltd to take their services.

(b) That average collection is 120.8 kgs per day, not taking into account

Sundays/holidays/closed days/hartals etc.

(c) Therefore 12 vehicles employed by contractor are sufficient to lift waste on

alternate days from 45 HCEs.

(d) There are 45 HCEs and 2643 beds as per authenticated records of contractor

as on 07 July 2013. Therefore approx 10000kg /HCE/yr is hospital waste

generated in Nasik.

(e) Approx 167 kg/bed/year hospital waste is generated as there are 2643 beds on

record with contractors.

In the annual survey carried out by Secretary MPCB in March 2013, and report of

June 2013, Mr Mittal (09769446924) has given FAIR rating to CBMWTF at Nasik.

Out of 12 facilities installed in last 10 years only six are functioning satisfactorily

(TOI, Nasik Edition, June 23, 2013)

4.4.0.0; Awareness and Training Levels

It has been realised during the survey that awareness levels of all stake holders in

Nasik was dismally poor. There is definitely a need to take steps to raise awareness

levels. CPCB conducted one training capsule via Regional office Nasik in May 2009. An

expenditure of Rs 33 lacs is understood to have been done. 87 participants are said to have

attended this training capsule.

The research scholar has suggested integrated training. Details are given in Article

separately available with researcher.

nashik city; an overview - shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43012/13/13_chapter...

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