nanotechnology in the european union part i ineke malsch, malsch technovaluation eulaks summerschool...
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Nanotechnology in the European
Union
Part IIneke Malsch, Malsch TechnoValuation
EULAKS Summerschool
Mexico City 25 August 2009
Table of contents:
• Introduction
• Indicator-based comparison of nanoactivities in European countries
• Conclusion
Introduction – Who am I?
Ineke Malsch, director of Malsch TechnoValuation: Consultant on Technology and Society:
• EU projects incl. ObservatoryNano and ICPCNanoNet. • Technology Assessment of nanotechnology.• Publications on nano-, bio-, microsystems technology, etc. • Located in Utrecht, since 1999. www.malsch.demon.nl C.V: • Graduated in Physics, University of Utrecht, 1991• Postgrad education in Environmental Impact Assessment and Social Studies of
Science and Technology• Scholarship STOA, European Parliament, Luxemburg, 1995-1996 (incl. nano)• Fellowship nanotechnology IPTS, JRC, EC, Sevilla, 1996-1998• Part time study Theology, KTU, Utrecht, 2004-2005• Part-time PhD project Centrum voor Ethiek, RU Nijmegen, since 2005 (professor
J-P Wils)
IntroductionEuropean Union
(EU27) Associated States to FP7 incl.
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Israel
Norway
Switzerland
Turkey
© European Commission http://ec.europa.eu/avservices/home/index_en.cfm
Introduction:• Science, Technology and Innovation policy in the European
Union is shared between the European Union and the Member States;
• The policy is coordinated in the framework of the Lisbon Strategy for Growth and Jobs (2000, updated in 2005);
• Part of the national budgets for RTD is handed over to the European Commission and distributed via the Framework Programmes for RTD (currently FP7);
• Several non-EU member states are associated to the Framework programme;
• The EU funding is mainly focused on more applied research (e.g. Nanotechnology);
• National governments are responsible for basic science.
Introduction – what is nanotechnology?
2. What is nanotechnology today?
In the beginning, all definitions of nanotechnology have been vague,
• to stimulate interdisciplinary research collaborations
• hoping for breakthroughs on the borderlines between physics, chemistry, biology, materials science.
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Instruments for working on atomic scale
Tabletop Atomic Force Microscope © Nanotruck, www.nanotruck.de
Researcher working in IMEC’s Nanoelectronics Lab, © IMEC, http://www.imec.be/wwwinter/mediacenter/IMECgallery/cat0p1.shtml
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An Mre11-proteincomplex bound to a piece of DNA, with its arms stretched parallel to each other. The complex consists of a body and two arms. The arms are continuously moving, grabbing each others ends and releasing again. When the complex binds to a piece of DNA the arms stretch parallel. If they touch another complex in the same position, the ends of the arms attach to each other. This way, two pieces of DNA are being connected. Photo: Kavli Institute of Nanoscience/Erasmus MC, 2005 www.fom.nl
Scientific Research with atomic force microscopes
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New materials with new properties
Carbon nanotubes over Platinum Electrodes, © Molecular Biophysics Group, TU Delft, http://www.mb.tn.tudelft.nl/
Atomic structure of kinked nanotube
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New materials with new properties
Quantum dot composites: Particles of inorganic semiconducting material with nanometer scale dimensions exhibit size-dependent electronic and optical properties which are different from those of bulk solids. Philips is investigating quantum dots in composites with polymers to combine the favourable properties of inorganic materials with those of polymers. These materials could be used as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of which the colour is determined by the size of the quantum dots. Photo Philips http://www.research.philips.com/newscenter/pictures/ldm-nanotech.html
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New materials with new properties
Polymer matrix nanocomposite material filled with nanoclays. ©TNO, Netherlandshttp://www.tno.nl/industrie_en_techniek/productieoptimalisatie_in/innovatieve_materialen/planomersnanocomposites/
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Examples of applications: (Nanotruck, www.nanotruck.de)
Dirt repellent textile
Biological dye for preventing document forgery
Solar panels
• Nano-electronics,• Micro and
nanosystems technology,
• miniaturization,• RFID tags, smart
dust,• ambient
intelligence
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Researchers show miniature variable Fluid Focus lens and the camera that contains the lens.Photo: Philips
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Data Storage:
The Millipede concept: for operation of the device, the storage medium - a thin film of organic material (yellow) deposited on a silicon "table" - is brought into contact with the array of silicon tips (green) and moved in x- and y-direction for reading and writing. Multiplex drivers (red) allow addressing of each tip individually.
© IBM Research, http://domino.research.ibm.com/comm/pr.nsf/pages/rscd.millipede-picb.html
Medicine:- Drug delivery:
- Cancer: Chemotherapy; Thermo therapy
- Blood-brain barrier- Gene therapie- Oral in stead of
injected drugs
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Medical Buckyballs. Computer model of a molecule made by LUNA Innovations of Blacksburg, Va. The company plans to produce novel "buckyball" materials for medical diagnostics and other military and commercial applications. NIST, USA http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/05nano_image_gallery.htm
Pharmacy:
New drug development, genomics, proteomics:
- DNA-chips, etc.
Medical Devices:- Diagnostics
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Biochip ©Nanotruck www.nanotruck.de
Biosensor, Photo Philips
Medical Devices• Molecular imaging:
• Researcher inspects pharmacokinetic map of lung cancer patient with novel molecular imaging.
• Photo: Philips
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Medical Devices• Passive implants:
– Artificial hips, knees, teeth
• Active implants:– Eyes, ears,
pacemakers, neural implants, subdermal drug delivery (diabetes)
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An intraocular retinal prosthesis will use an external system to capture and process image data and transmit the information to an implanted unit. The implanted unit would decode the data and stimulate the retina with a pattern of electrical impulses to produce a perception. ©USC BMES, http://bmes-erc.usc.edu/research_programs_retinal.htm
Agrofood and environmental applications:• Agriculture/ environment: (Nanoforum, 2006,
ObservatoryNano, 2009)– Pest and pollution control with sensors;– Energy producing/saving greenhouses and buildings;– Soil remediation, erosion protection.
• Food, nutrition (Nanoforum, 2006, MinacNed, 2006, ObservatoryNano, 2009):
– Food and drink packaging,– Low fat tasty foods,– Nutraceuticals and diet foods,– Food processing (sensors, membranes, catalysts)
• Water purification and desalination (ObservatoryNano, in preparation):
– ultra, nano and quantum membranes (Gayle Pergamit, Covalent, 2006);
– Catalysts, e.g. Iron oxide nanoparticles for arsenic removal (Vicky Colvin, 2006).
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Clean water. Photo Philips
Indicator-based comparison of European countries (and global leaders):
• Input of public funding in 2004 (Hullmann, 2006)
• Output of publications 1998-2007 (MERIT, ObservatoryNano, 2009)
• Patent statistics 1972-2008 (MERIT, ObservatoryNano, 2009) and OECD 2003-2005.
Public funding for nanotechnology in 2004 (* in 2003)
Source: Hullmann, 2006, cordis.europa.eu/nanotechnology
USA (Federal) 910,000
Australia 62,000 Finland 14,500 India 3,800
Japan 750,000 Belgium* 60,000 Austria 13,100 Malaysia 3,800
Eur. Commission 370,000
Italy* 60,000 Spain 12,500 Romania 3,100
USA (States) 333,300
Israel 46,000 Mexico 10,000 S. Africa 1,900
Germany 293,100 Netherlands 42,300
New Zealand 9,200 Greece* 1,200
France 223,900 Canada 37,900 Denmark 8,600 Poland* 1,000
South Korea 173,300
Ireland 33,000 Singapore 8,400 Lithuania 1,000
United Kingdom 133,000
Switzerland 18,500
Norway 7,000
China 83,300 Indonesia 16,700 Brazil 5,800 others 2,800
Taiwan 75,900 Sweden 15,000 Thailand 4,200 total 3,850,000
MS; 1075; 65%
EC; 575; 35%
EU public funding in EU public funding in nanotechnology in 2007nanotechnology in 2007
(Member States + EC-FP7)(Member States + EC-FP7)
FP7 theme /SP M€ %
NMP 282.0 49.0
ICT incl. FET 147.5 25.6
Ideas (ERC) 18.0 3.1
People 74.0 12.9
Energy 17.0 3.0
Health 23.5 4.1
Infrastructures 1.5 0.3
SME 12.0 2.1
575 100
Courtesy of European Commission DG RTD, 2009
Nanopublications 1998-2007 Main European compared to 3 global leading countries
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
USA Peoples RChina
Japan Germany France UK Italy Spain
country
nu
mb
er
of
pu
bli
ca
tio
ns
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Source: Merit, ObservatoryNano www.observatorynano.eu, ICPC NanoNet www.icpc-nanonet.org
Nanopublications Europe-2, 1998-2007
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Switzer
land
Poland
Nethe
rland
s
Sweden
Belgium
Austri
a
Denmar
k
Finlan
d
Czech
Rep
ublic
Greec
e
Portu
gal
Hunga
ry
Roman
ia
Irelan
d
Norway
Slovak
ia
Bulgar
ia
Sloven
ia
Country
Nu
mb
er
of
pu
bli
ca
tio
ns
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Source: Merit, ObservatoryNano www.observatorynano.eu, ICPC NanoNet www.icpc-nanonet.org
Source: Merit, ObservatoryNano www.observatorynano.eu, ICPC NanoNet www.icpc-nanonet.org
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
Brazil
Mex
ico
Argen
tina
Chile
Venez
uela
Colom
bia
Urugu
ayPer
u
Costa
Rica
Ecuad
or
Panam
a
Bolivi
a
Guate
mala
Hondu
ras
Parag
uay
Nicara
gua
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Nanotechnology patenting by region 2003-5 (Global top-20, OECD patent database January 2008, Palmberg et al 2009):
• Mainly dominated by US (10 regions, 25.1%) and Japan (4 regions, 10.9%)
• Top European regions:– Noord Brabant (Netherlands): 8th, 1.7%– Rhone-Alpes (France): 11th, 1.5%– Ile de France (France): 12th, 1.4%– South East England (UK): 20th, 1.0%
Conclusions:Which trends are visible in the indicators:- The European Union is leading European public investment in
nanotechnology;- European countries vary considerably in their funding and output
in publications and patents in nanotechnology;- European leaders in nanotechnology are Germany, France and
the UK, but also smaller countries including Switzerland and The Netherlands are strong players;
- Worldwide, Europe has the biggest share in nanopatents in the construction (42%) and aerospace, automotive and transport (36%) sectors;
- Europe has more than their average (20%) share of nanopatents in Health, Nanomedicine and Nanobio (29%), security (26%), environment (25%) and agrifood (24%) sectors;
- And less than their average share in Chemistry & Materials, Energy (both 19%), Textiles (17%) and ICT (10%).
References and further reading:- ObservatoryNano reports on Technical and Economic Trends,
Ethical and Social, EHS, Legal aspects and Communication, 2009: www.observatorynano.eu
- ICPC NanoNet annual reports on Nanotechnology in Latin America and other ICPC countries, 2009 www.icpc-nanonet.org
- Palmberg et al, “Nanotechnology: an overview based on indicators and statistics,”OECD, Paris, 2009, http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/59/9/43179651.pdf
- European Commission nanotechnology pages: http://cordis.europa.eu/nanotechnology/ and http://ec.europa.eu/nanotechnology/index_en.html
Acknowledgement:The work presented here has benefited from support by the European
Union in several projects including ICPC NanoNet and ObservatoryNano. Slides on the EU policy on nanotechnology and on open calls for nano-proposals have been made available by EC project officer Jyrki Suominen. Any opinions given are solely my own responsibility and can not in any way be attributed to any European institution.