nanofuture 101

Future of Health Technology Institute

Common Sense in Health ndash Save Lives Reduce Suffering

Future of Health Technology Institute wwwfhtiorg copy 2008 FHTI

Nanofuture 101 Chromallocytes

and Diamond Mechanosynthesis April 2 2008 Magog Canada

1st Unither Nanomedical amp Telemedical Technology Conference

Renata G Bushko Bushkofhtiorg

Renata G Bushko MS

Director


Future of Health Technology Institute Hopkinton MAUSA wwwfhtiorg


Renata Bushko Future of Health Technology Institute (FHTI) copy 1996-20078 FHTI All Rights Reserved

Nanofuture 101 Chromallocyte and DMS

IIntroduction

FHTIrsquos Mission

Historic Event

AAct I

Chromallocyte

Concept

Design

Selected Components

Liver Therapy In vivo

AAct II

Diamond Mechanosynthesis

GGrand Finale

Significance

References to learn morehellip

From Edwards FHT2005




Future of Health Technology Institute since 1996

Brings Together Creative Minds for Annual

Future of Health Technology Summittrade to

Stop disease before it even begins

Stop suffering before tears occur

Stop symptoms before they hurt

Stop medical errors and aging before they kill

Stop Cyborgs beforehellipthey control ushellip

Future of Health Technology Institute tries to achieve this by

Beginning to address health crisis as a national and international emergency

Beginning to think about long-term global future on an on-going bases

Beginning to manage randomness in technology creation amp adoption process

Beginning to design Intelligent and Extelligent Health Environment with Caring Machines




Future of Health Technology Award

Reduce suffering save lives extend human potential with technology

copy Apollo Diamond Inc

Third nanotech-made diamond eye by Apollo Diamond Inc to see the future wings to be

inspiredhellip




End of Aging amp New Life Form

Mechanical Engineering

Electrical Engineering

Computer Science

Molecular Biology

Chemistry

Genetic Engineering

Nanotechnology

(Chromallocytes)

Mathematics

Biology

Future = Life Science + Computer Science

Architecture Physics

Material Science




How can we invest a couple of Billions to save hundreds of Billions

and helliphumanity

How to give ideas with biggest impact a chance




Chromallocyte ndash Historic Event

Robert Freitasrsquo paper from June 2007 ldquoThe Ideal Gene Delivery Vector Chromallocytes Cell Repair Nanorobots for Chromosome Replacement Therapyrdquo in Journal of Evolution amp Technology

The first theoretical scaling analysis and design for a cell repair nanorobot

Robert A Freitas Jr Ralph C Merklersquos paper to be published in May 2008 ldquoA Minimal Toolset for Positional Diamond Mechanosynthesisrdquo in J Comput Theor Nanoscience

ldquoWhat is Liferdquo Schrodinger - 1944 Prediction of aperiodic crystals of DNA 9 years later Watson and Crick discovered aperiodic solid of DNA

Dr Freitas is Senior

Research Fellow at the

Institute for Molecular

Manufacturing (IMM) in

Palo Alto California





The most essential part of living cell ndash the chromosome fibre ndash may suitably be called aperiodic crystal In physics we have dealt only with periodic crystals [hellip] Compared with aperiodic crystal they are plain and dull [hellip] Aperiodic crystal in my opinion is the MATERIAL CARRIER OF LIFErdquo

ldquoHow can the events in space and time which take place within spacial boundary of living organism be accounted for by physics and chemistryrdquo

ldquoThe obvious inability of present-day physics and chemistry to account for such events is no reason at all for doubting that they can be accounted for by these sciencesrdquo ldquoWhat is Liferdquo Schrodinger p 4-5




ACT I Chromallocyte ndash Basic Concept

Nanorobot capable of cellular chromosome replacement

It replaces entire chromatin content of nucleus of a living cell with prefabricated defect-free chromosomes

It can travel in vascular surface into the capillary bed of the targeted organ and leaves human body after completed mission

httpenwikipediaorgwikiImageChromos

ome_11svg

Made by Mysid based on

httpghrnlmnihgovchromosome=11

(National Library of Medicine)

httpwwwbiosciugaedualmanacbio_103notesmay_15html




The following 14 genes from chromosome 11

ACAT1 acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 1

(acetoacetyl Coenzyme A thiolase)

ATM ataxia telangiectasia mutated (includes

complementation groups A C and D)

CPT1A carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (liver)

DHCR7 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase

HBB hemoglobin beta

HMBS hydroxymethylbilane VIIA

PAX6

PTS 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase

SAA1 serum amyloid A1

SBF2 SET binding factor 2

SMPD1 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1

acid lysosomal (acid sphingomyelinase)

TECTA tectorin alpha (nonsyndromic deafness)

TH tyrosine hydroxylase

USH1C Usher syndrome 1C (autosomal

recessive severe)

The following 32 diseases related to genes on chromosome 11

autism (neurexin 1) [1]

aniridia

acute intermittent porphyria

ataxia-telangiectasia

beta-ketothiolase deficiency

beta thalassemia

bladder cancer

breast cancer

carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4

Denys-Drash syndrome

familial Mediterranean fever

Hereditary angioedema [[2]]

Jacobsen syndrome

Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome

Meckel syndrome

methemoglobinemia beta-globin type

multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1

Hereditary Multiple Exostoses

Niemann-Pick disease

nonsyndromic deafness

nonsyndromic deafness autosomal dominant

nonsyndromic deafness autosomal recessive

porphyria

Romano-Ward syndrome

sickle cell anemia

Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome

tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency

Usher syndrome

Usher syndrome type I

WAGR syndrome




Chromallocytes are not able to free float in the bloodstream so their diameter can be bigger than 4 microns (size limit for free floating robots) buthellip Robert A Freitas Jr Journal of Evolution and Technology - Vol 16 Issue 1 June 2007 p12

They are restricted to vascular surfaces so they are smaller in volume than erythrocytes (95 microns3 red cells) or granulocytes (1000 microns3 white cells)

They are less than 1 of typical tissue cell volume and up to 25 of nucleus volume to be able to penetrate cells

ACT I Chromallocyte ndash Design

Goal Minimize Volume




Chromallocyte ndash Dimensions

418 microns x 328 microns x 505 microns in length

Robert A Freitas Jr Journal of Evolution and Technology - Vol 16 Issue 1 June 2007 - pgs 12





Displacement volume (mostly diamondoid) = 69250 micron3

Dry Mass = 80 pg Mass with wet cargo = 103 pg

Robert A Freitas Jr Journal of Evolution and Technology - Vol 16 Issue 1 June 2007 ndash pg 16




General Structure of the Chromallocyte

1 Proboscis Manipulator

2 Mobility System

3 Funnel Assembly

4 Chromatin Storage

5 Power Supply

6 NavigationCommunication

7 Computers

8 Sensors

9 Consumables

10 Structural Support

Bottom view

Robert A Freitas Jr Journal of Evolution and

Technology - Vol 16 Issue 1 June 2007 p12




Chromallocyte ndash Terrain Characteristics

Goal Walking on Vascular and Cell Surfaces

Their cell plasma membranes are covered with a

fuzzy coat of glycoprotein strands (glycocalyx)

bull 10-100 nm thick in human cells

6-10 nm for red cells

30-60 nm for bladder cells

40-70 nm for lymphocytes

90 nm for cochlear hair cells

150 nm for intestinal cells

bullA glycocalyx otherwise known as the sweet husk of the cell is a network of

polysaccharides that project from cellular surfaces

Top view of grapple with

iris cover mechanism

retracted

Grapple footpad covered by

protective cowling Images

copy 2001 Forrest Bishop used

with permission




Chromallocyte ndash How does it get places

Solution 1027 Telescopic Grapple Manipulators

Fully extended grapple - 250 nm Grapple work envelope

bull Manipulators may be shortened or lengthened during each stroke

bull Variable-area end-effectors may be used to enhance the propulsive effect

copy Robert A Freitas Jr Journal of Evolution and

Technology - Vol 16 Issue 1 June 2007 copy Robert A Freitas Jr Journal of Evolution

and Technology - Vol 16 Issue 1 June 2007




Chromallocyte ndash Getting Places

Goal Cell and Vascular Penetration

The grapples are adequate for

bull vascular wall penetration

bull penetration of cell membrane

bull penetration of nuclear membrane

from LIFE SCIENCE LIBRARY - THE CELL - 1964





In the case of histonatation (ldquotissue

swimmingrdquo) and brachiation through

acellular tissue spaces

ldquoA brachiating nanorobot can pull

itself along individual fibrils

changing direction at fibril junctions

indirectly working its way toward its

cellular target crudely analogous to

the path of a sailboat tacking into the

windrdquo

Fibrous components are typically

spaced up to 10-100 microns apart


Accelular tissue spaces




Chromallocyte ndash Getting Lost

What if it gets lost

1 Proboscis can be deployed to search

for new handholds (eg fibrils) within

a ~4 micron hemispherical work

envelope

2 The grapples may be operated as

cilia producing slow swimming

motility in the fluid

3 Grapples can be extended or

retracted in 025 millisec easily

allowing execution of a 2 KHz beating

motion similar to that of natural cilia

Robert A Freitas Jr Journal of Evolution and Technology

- Vol 16 Issue 1 June 2007 p12




Chromallocytersquos Working Unit - Proboscis



Proboscis (4 microns)

Collects old chromatin from the nucleus

Has chromosome binding part

Transfers new chromatin to the cellrsquos nucleus

Needs 950 pW energy

Side view




Chromallocytes Onboard Computers

Chromallocytes operate semi-

autonomously during most of the

mission but can receive various

parameters from the physician via

acoustic signaling

10 acoustic message receivers

10 CPU and memory units 50 megabits - memory

001 micron3 - total computer volume

Front view

Robert A Freitas Jr Journal of Evolution

and Technology - Vol 16 Issue 1 June

2007 p12




Power Supply of the Chromallocyte

Non-chemical power

10 acoustic power receivers

Each power receiver has a piston

throw and can receive 200 pW

Patient is well-coupled to a medically-

safe 1000 Wm2 05 MHz ultrasound

transverse-plane-wave transmitter

throughout the procedure

Higher power levels may be needed in

bone bowel and lungs to overcome

shadowing effects

Buffered power supply 10 diamondoid

flywheels that can store 5 sec of maximum

normal power draw of 200 pW

Front view






Chromallocyte ndash Liver Therapy Stages

7 hour liver in vivo chromosome replacement therapy (CRT)

1 Organ Survey

2 Chromallocyte Preparation

3 Patient Preparation

4 Chromosome Replacement

5 Patient Post-operative Process





Chromallocyte ndash Liver Therapy Description


1 CRT of all 250 billion hepatic tissue

cells

2 It might require the infusion of 1 terabot (trillion device) chromallocyte dose

3 It is 63 cm3 Chromallocytes in 1-liter 7 saline suspension

4 Liver cells often have multiple nuclei (typically 1-3) so probably multiple visits to many cells would be needed




Chromallocyte ndash Liver Therapy Description Patient Preparation ndash 30 min

1 Patient is placed on the ultrasonic vibrating table with comfortable encapsulated gel interface Goal maximize acoustic power transmission into the body ndash energy for in vivo Chromallocyte activities

2 Then patient is sedated and respirocytes injection follows Goal Reduce pulse rate and slow blood velocity

3 Self-guiding flexible nanocannula is installed directly into blood vessel nearest to the liver Goal Robots inserted into body and extra fluid extracted





H Abst Tool

ACT II Positional Diamond Mechanosynthesis

A Minimal 9-Tooltip Toolset for PDM by R Freitas and R Merkle

H Don Tool H Trans Tool

Dimer Tool Ge Rad Tool Adam Rad Handle

Robert A Freitas Jr Ralph C Merkle ldquoA Minimal Toolset for Positional Diamond Mechanosynthesisrdquo J Comput

Theor Nanosci 5(May 2008) In press




ldquoI dont think were all that close to the operational chromallocyte

no - but we should be able to create such things eventually and

they will certainly give us radically new alternative approaches to

combating aging and other medical problems and the chances are

high that some of those alternatives will outperform the more

traditional onesrdquo

Aubrey de Grey 32008

ACT III Significance of Chromallocytes and DMS




Robert A Freitas Jr The Ideal Gene Delivery Vector

Chromallocytes Cell Repair Nanorobots for Chromosome

Replacement Therapy J Evol Technol 16(June 2007)1-97

httpjetpressorgv16freitaspdf

httpwwwrfreitascom

and httpwwwnanomedicinecom (where the books are)

The Nanofactory Collaboration website which explains how

nanorobots might be built

httpwwwMolecularAssemblercomNanofactory

ACT III Chromallocytes and DMS Resources ndash

Learn More




13th

Annual Future of Health

Technology Summittrade

United States amp European

Community Future of Health

Technology Strategy will be

discussed

September 22-23 2008

MIT Faculty Club

Cambridge US

Bushkofhtiorg

Register at

wwwfhtiorg or call 508-497-2577

Renata G Bushko MS

Director






IIntroduction

FHTIrsquos Mission

Historic Event

AAct I

Chromallocyte

Concept

Design

Selected Components


AAct II


GGrand Finale

Significance


























inspiredhellip







Computer Science

Molecular Biology

Chemistry

Genetic Engineering

Nanotechnology

(Chromallocytes)

Mathematics

Biology



Material Science





and helliphumanity






























ome_11svg















HBB hemoglobin beta


PAX6









recessive severe)



aniridia




beta thalassemia

bladder cancer

breast cancer







Jacobsen syndrome


Meckel syndrome








porphyria


sickle cell anemia



Usher syndrome


WAGR syndrome



























2 Mobility System

3 Funnel Assembly

4 Chromatin Storage

5 Power Supply


7 Computers

8 Sensors

9 Consumables


Bottom view




















retracted




with permission



































windrdquo













envelope




















Needs 950 pW energy

Side view









acoustic signaling




Front view



2007 p12





Non-chemical power










shadowing effects




Front view








1 Organ Survey












cells















H Abst Tool

























httpwwwrfreitascom






Learn More




13th






discussed


MIT Faculty Club

Cambridge US

Bushkofhtiorg

Register at






IIntroduction

FHTIrsquos Mission

Historic Event

AAct I

Chromallocyte

Concept

Design

Selected Components


AAct II


GGrand Finale

Significance


























inspiredhellip







Computer Science

Molecular Biology

Chemistry

Genetic Engineering

Nanotechnology

(Chromallocytes)

Mathematics

Biology



Material Science





and helliphumanity






























ome_11svg















HBB hemoglobin beta


PAX6









recessive severe)



aniridia




beta thalassemia

bladder cancer

breast cancer







Jacobsen syndrome


Meckel syndrome








porphyria


sickle cell anemia



Usher syndrome


WAGR syndrome



























2 Mobility System

3 Funnel Assembly

4 Chromatin Storage

5 Power Supply


7 Computers

8 Sensors

9 Consumables


Bottom view




















retracted




with permission



































windrdquo













envelope




















Needs 950 pW energy

Side view









acoustic signaling




Front view



2007 p12





Non-chemical power










shadowing effects




Front view








1 Organ Survey












cells















H Abst Tool

























httpwwwrfreitascom






Learn More




13th






discussed


MIT Faculty Club

Cambridge US

Bushkofhtiorg

Register at

























inspiredhellip







Computer Science

Molecular Biology

Chemistry

Genetic Engineering

Nanotechnology

(Chromallocytes)

Mathematics

Biology



Material Science





and helliphumanity






























ome_11svg















HBB hemoglobin beta


PAX6









recessive severe)



aniridia




beta thalassemia

bladder cancer

breast cancer







Jacobsen syndrome


Meckel syndrome








porphyria


sickle cell anemia



Usher syndrome


WAGR syndrome



























2 Mobility System

3 Funnel Assembly

4 Chromatin Storage

5 Power Supply


7 Computers

8 Sensors

9 Consumables


Bottom view




















retracted




with permission



































windrdquo













envelope




















Needs 950 pW energy

Side view









acoustic signaling




Front view



2007 p12





Non-chemical power










shadowing effects




Front view








1 Organ Survey












cells















H Abst Tool

























httpwwwrfreitascom






Learn More




13th






discussed


MIT Faculty Club

Cambridge US

Bushkofhtiorg

Register at








Computer Science

Molecular Biology

Chemistry

Genetic Engineering

Nanotechnology

(Chromallocytes)

Mathematics

Biology



Material Science





and helliphumanity






























ome_11svg















HBB hemoglobin beta


PAX6









recessive severe)



aniridia




beta thalassemia

bladder cancer

breast cancer







Jacobsen syndrome


Meckel syndrome








porphyria


sickle cell anemia



Usher syndrome


WAGR syndrome



























2 Mobility System

3 Funnel Assembly

4 Chromatin Storage

5 Power Supply


7 Computers

8 Sensors

9 Consumables


Bottom view




















retracted




with permission



































windrdquo













envelope




















Needs 950 pW energy

Side view









acoustic signaling




Front view



2007 p12





Non-chemical power










shadowing effects




Front view








1 Organ Survey












cells















H Abst Tool

























httpwwwrfreitascom






Learn More




13th






discussed


MIT Faculty Club

Cambridge US

Bushkofhtiorg

Register at






and helliphumanity






























ome_11svg















HBB hemoglobin beta


PAX6









recessive severe)



aniridia




beta thalassemia

bladder cancer

breast cancer







Jacobsen syndrome


Meckel syndrome








porphyria


sickle cell anemia



Usher syndrome


WAGR syndrome



























2 Mobility System

3 Funnel Assembly

4 Chromatin Storage

5 Power Supply


7 Computers

8 Sensors

9 Consumables


Bottom view




















retracted




with permission



































windrdquo













envelope




















Needs 950 pW energy

Side view









acoustic signaling




Front view



2007 p12





Non-chemical power










shadowing effects




Front view








1 Organ Survey












cells















H Abst Tool

























httpwwwrfreitascom






Learn More




13th






discussed


MIT Faculty Club

Cambridge US

Bushkofhtiorg

Register at






























ome_11svg















HBB hemoglobin beta


PAX6









recessive severe)



aniridia




beta thalassemia

bladder cancer

breast cancer







Jacobsen syndrome


Meckel syndrome








porphyria


sickle cell anemia



Usher syndrome


WAGR syndrome



























2 Mobility System

3 Funnel Assembly

4 Chromatin Storage

5 Power Supply


7 Computers

8 Sensors

9 Consumables


Bottom view




















retracted




with permission



































windrdquo













envelope




















Needs 950 pW energy

Side view









acoustic signaling




Front view



2007 p12





Non-chemical power










shadowing effects




Front view








1 Organ Survey












cells















H Abst Tool

























httpwwwrfreitascom






Learn More




13th






discussed


MIT Faculty Club

Cambridge US

Bushkofhtiorg

Register at












HBB hemoglobin beta


PAX6









recessive severe)



aniridia




beta thalassemia

bladder cancer

breast cancer







Jacobsen syndrome


Meckel syndrome








porphyria


sickle cell anemia



Usher syndrome


WAGR syndrome



























2 Mobility System

3 Funnel Assembly

4 Chromatin Storage

5 Power Supply


7 Computers

8 Sensors

9 Consumables


Bottom view




















retracted




with permission



































windrdquo













envelope




















Needs 950 pW energy

Side view









acoustic signaling




Front view



2007 p12





Non-chemical power










shadowing effects




Front view








1 Organ Survey












cells















H Abst Tool

























httpwwwrfreitascom






Learn More




13th






discussed


MIT Faculty Club

Cambridge US

Bushkofhtiorg

Register at




























2 Mobility System

3 Funnel Assembly

4 Chromatin Storage

5 Power Supply


7 Computers

8 Sensors

9 Consumables


Bottom view




















retracted




with permission



































windrdquo













envelope




















Needs 950 pW energy

Side view









acoustic signaling




Front view



2007 p12





Non-chemical power










shadowing effects




Front view








1 Organ Survey












cells















H Abst Tool

























httpwwwrfreitascom






Learn More




13th






discussed


MIT Faculty Club

Cambridge US

Bushkofhtiorg

Register at



















retracted




with permission



































windrdquo













envelope




















Needs 950 pW energy

Side view









acoustic signaling




Front view



2007 p12





Non-chemical power










shadowing effects




Front view








1 Organ Survey












cells















H Abst Tool

























httpwwwrfreitascom






Learn More




13th






discussed


MIT Faculty Club

Cambridge US

Bushkofhtiorg

Register at




































windrdquo













envelope




















Needs 950 pW energy

Side view









acoustic signaling




Front view



2007 p12





Non-chemical power










shadowing effects




Front view








1 Organ Survey












cells















H Abst Tool

























httpwwwrfreitascom






Learn More




13th






discussed


MIT Faculty Club

Cambridge US

Bushkofhtiorg

Register at










envelope




















Needs 950 pW energy

Side view









acoustic signaling




Front view



2007 p12





Non-chemical power










shadowing effects




Front view








1 Organ Survey












cells















H Abst Tool

























httpwwwrfreitascom






Learn More




13th






discussed


MIT Faculty Club

Cambridge US

Bushkofhtiorg

Register at












Needs 950 pW energy

Side view









acoustic signaling




Front view



2007 p12





Non-chemical power










shadowing effects




Front view








1 Organ Survey












cells















H Abst Tool

























httpwwwrfreitascom






Learn More




13th






discussed


MIT Faculty Club

Cambridge US

Bushkofhtiorg

Register at










acoustic signaling




Front view



2007 p12





Non-chemical power










shadowing effects




Front view








1 Organ Survey












cells















H Abst Tool

























httpwwwrfreitascom






Learn More




13th






discussed


MIT Faculty Club

Cambridge US

Bushkofhtiorg

Register at






Non-chemical power










shadowing effects




Front view








1 Organ Survey












cells















H Abst Tool

























httpwwwrfreitascom






Learn More




13th






discussed


MIT Faculty Club

Cambridge US

Bushkofhtiorg

Register at







1 Organ Survey












cells















H Abst Tool

























httpwwwrfreitascom






Learn More




13th






discussed


MIT Faculty Club

Cambridge US

Bushkofhtiorg

Register at








cells















H Abst Tool

























httpwwwrfreitascom






Learn More




13th






discussed


MIT Faculty Club

Cambridge US

Bushkofhtiorg

Register at













H Abst Tool

























httpwwwrfreitascom






Learn More




13th






discussed


MIT Faculty Club

Cambridge US

Bushkofhtiorg

Register at




















httpwwwrfreitascom






Learn More




13th






discussed


MIT Faculty Club

Cambridge US

Bushkofhtiorg

Register at





13th






discussed


MIT Faculty Club

Cambridge US

Bushkofhtiorg

Register at


nanofuture 101

Health & Medicine