name & poster id designation abstract title...
TRANSCRIPT
Poster ID Name &
Department Designation Abstract Title Authors
MBBS-1 Himani Vyas,
Deptt. of CCM MBBS Student
Validation of point of care hemoglobin estimation among pregnant women using digital
hemoglobinometers (HemoCue 301 and HemoCue 201+) as compared with auto-
analyzer
Vyas Himani, Yadav Kapil, Kant Shashi,
Ramaswamy Gomathi, Ahamed Farhad Jacob Olivia
Maire, Kaur Ravneet, Malhotra
Sumit, Haldar Partha
MBBS-2 Madhav Mohata
MBBS Student MBBS Student
High surface expression of
complement regulatory
protein CD59 on lymphocytes
and granulocytes positively
correlates with disease
severity in individuals suffering
from coronary artery disease
Mohata Madhav*,
Mishra Nitesh*,
Narang Rajeev,
Lakshmy R, Pandey
RM, Das Nibhriti,
Luthra Kalpana#
MBBS-3 Mudit Agarwal,
Dept. of Pediatric Neurology
MBBS Student
Clinico-radiological profile and outcome predictors of
pediatric neurotuberculosis: a retrospective cohort study
Agarwal, Mudit; Chakrabarty,
Biswaroop; Sirolia, Vivek; Jauhari,
Prashant; Kumar, Atin; Gulati, Sheffali
MBBS-4
Varad
Puntambekar
MBBS Student
MBBS Student
Abstract 1: Effect of Furin
Inhibitor on FAT1 processing
and function in Glioma Cells.
Abstract 2 :Anthropogenic
Ultrasound Compatible Heart
Model with a Congenital Heart
Defect
Puntambekar,
Varad ; Chosdol,
Kunzang,
Puntambekar,
Varad ; China,
Debarghya ; Sheet,
Debdoot
MBBS-5 Lajjaben Patel
Jayeshkumar MBBS Student
Analysis of Mass
Spectrometry Data to
Understand The Role of
GPRC5C Orphan Receptor
Patel Lajjaben,
Aggarwal Aditya,
Donowitz Mark
MBBS-6
Mehul Gupta Deptt. Of Surgical
Disciplines
MBBS Student
Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in morbidly obese patients- Long Term Results from a
Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in India
Mehul Gupta Dr. Sandeep
Aggarwal Dr. Amit Bhambri Dr. Vitish Singla
Rachna Choudhary
MBBS-7
Ghosh
Tamoghna
Biophysics
MBBS Student
Structural analysis of P4
nuclease of Leishmania
infantum for identifying
linear and conformational
epitope for vaccine
development
Ghosh Tamoghna,
Pranjal Kabra,
Hariprasad
Gururao
MBBS-8 Pranjal Kabra, MBBS Student
MBBS Student
Structural analysis of P4 nuclease of Leishmania
infantum, a potential drug target in leishmaniasis
Kabra Pranjal, Ghosh Tamoghna,
Hariprasad Gururao
MBBS-9
Kushum Acharya
RPC MBBS Student
Measurement of corneal
thickness at 6mm of corneal
diameter in different
quadrant ( Temporal,
Inferior, Nasal and superior)
by using Pentacam
scheimpflug imaging and 9
point ultrasound
pachymetry in North Indian
population.
Kushum Acharya,
Sudershan
Khokar
MBBS-10
Vidushi
Varshney
Physiology
MBBS Student
To investigate if there is a
significant drop in HRV with
increasing severity of
Postural Hypotension
Vidushi Varshney,
Kavita Yadav, K K
Deepak
MBBS-11
Vaidehi Rakholia
Samprati
Agrawal
MBBS Student Description of a nucleus in
human midbrain
Agrawal
Samprati1,
Rakholia
Devendra
Vaidehi1, Singh
Indrapal, George
Jacob Tony2.
MBBS-12 Swati Sonal,
MBBS Student MBBS Student
Impact of IL-9 on T cells and macrophage
function:Relevance in Tuberculosis
Sonal Swati, Mitra Kumar Dipendra, ThakralDeepshi,
Kamboj Divya
MBBS-13 Prakash Gupta MBBS Student Prevalence of hypertension
and risk factors among young Indians
Kartik Gupta, Prakash Gupta, M
Kalaivani, S Ramakrishnan
MBBS-14
Tamoghna
Ghosh
Physiology
MBBS Student
Visual Tracking as a Tool to
assess benefits of Yoga in
obesity
Ghosh Tamoghna,
Kochhar KP
MBBS-15 Satwik Pasani MBBS Student
MBBS Student
To characterise the pattern of change in various
anthropometric parameters in children undergoing anti
tubercular therapy
Satwik Pasani, Jain Agam, Mukherjee
Aparna, Kabra SK, Lodha S
MBBS-1
Title: Validation of point of care hemoglobin estimation among pregnant women using digital hemoglobinometers (HemoCue 301 and HemoCue 201+) as compared with auto-analyzer Authors: Vyas Himani, Yadav Kapil, Kant Shashi, Ramaswamy Gomathi, Ahamed Farhad Jacob Olivia Maire, Kaur Ravneet, Malhotra Sumit, Haldar Partha Affiliations: Presenting Author: Name: Himani Vyas Email id: [email protected] Corresponding Author: Name: Dr. Kapil Yadav Email id: [email protected] Abstract Body: Introduction: Anemia, a severe public health problem in India, accounting for 1.1 % GDP loss and is the leading cause of years lived with disability among both the genders in the country. National Family Health Survey reports that half of pregnant women are anemic in India and around 1% of them are severely anemic. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of anemia is crucial for appropriate management of anemia. In resource limited settings (Low and Middle Income Countries) the laboratory options for full blood count to diagnose anemia is limited especially in peripheral health institutions. Hence point of care testing (POCT) needs to be employed in these settings for diagnosis and management of anemia. The commonly available POCT methods for detection of anemia are Indirect cyanmethaemoglobin method, Copper sulphate specific gravity method, Sahli’s method, WHO’s Hemoglobin Color Scale, digital hemoglobinometers. Cyanmethemoglobin method still remains the gold standard for estimation of hemoglobin. However, the operational factors such as time requirement, operator dependent procedure and use of toxic reagents limits the usage of Cyanmethemoglobin method as POCT. Hence, accurate, operator friendly POCT equipment which provide results in short time interval is the need of the hour in India. In regards to this, digital hemoglobinometer has been recently incorporated in the EDL List. Aims and Objectives: To assess the reliability and validity of two versions of digital hemoglobinometer (HemoCue 201+ and HemoCue 301) compared to the gold standard Sysmex autoanalyzer for hemoglobin estimation. Materials and Methods: Pregnant women attending antenatal clinics of Primary Health Centre and a Sub Divisional Hospital in Haryana, India, were recruited. After obtaining consent, capillary blood samples were collected and tested for hemoglobin levels with digital hemoglobinometers (HemoCue 201+ and HemoCue 301). Among same pregnant women venous blood was collected and
hemoglobin levels were estimated using autoanalyzer. Validity and reliability of POCTs compared to Sysmex autoanalyzer were reported. Results: Of the 102 pregnant women included in the study, 44 (43%) were primigravida, with mean (SD) age of 23.3 (3.4) years. The mean (SD) of difference in hemoglobin levels using HemoCue 201+ was -0.53 (1.01) and using Hemocue 301 was -0.25 (0.85) g/dL as compared to auto-analyzer. Lin’s concordance coefficient was 0.80 for HemoCue 201+ and 0.85 for HemoCue 301. Weighted Cohen’s Kappa indicated moderate degree of agreement with the gold standard. Sensitivity (HemoCue 201+: 93%; HemoCue 301: 90%) and specificity (HemoCue 201: 76% HemoCue 301: 80%) for detecting anemia was similar for both the POCT devices. Conclusion: The digital hemoglobinometers used in the study had moderate degree of agreement and concordance with the autoanalyzer for hemoglobin estimation. HemoCue 301 had higher validity as compared to HemoCue 201+.
MBBS-2
High surface expression of complement regulatory protein CD59 on lymphocytes
and granulocytes positively correlates with disease severity in individuals
suffering from coronary artery disease
Mohata Madhav*, Mishra Nitesh*, Narang Rajeev, Lakshmy R, Pandey RM, Das Nibhriti, Luthra
Kalpana#
*equal contribution
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Presenting Author: Madhav Mohata, Intern, MBBS (3018/2014), AIIMS, New Delhi
Corresponding Author: Dr Kalpana Luthra, Professor, Dept. Of Biochemistry, AIIMS, New Delhi
Introduction: The complement cascade plays an important role in coronary artery disease (CAD) by
promoting inflammation and by interacting with blood coagulation. The balance between activation
and inhibition of complement system is critical in controlling the level of inflammation generated,
thus keeping potential self-harming inflammation under control. Recent studies conducted in animal
models have shown an important role of membrane complement regulatory proteins in the
pathophysiology of CAD and in control of inflammation. This forms the basis of speculating that
these proteins may serve as potential therapeutic targets.
Aims & Objectives and Materials & Methods: In this study, a total of 100 individuals with stable
CAD and 100 healthy controls were recruited. Using flow cytometry and quantitative PCR we studied
the surface expression of complement regulatory proteins (Cregs) CD35, CD46, CD55 & CD59 on
granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes and their mRNA expression in leukocytes. The soluble
forms of Cregs, C3c, PAF-AH and inflammatory cytokines were quantitated by ELISA.
Results: In CAD patients than controls, we observed a significant high expression of CD35 on
granulocytes and that of CD59 on lymphocytes and granulocytes. The expression of CD46 and CD55
was low on all leukocyte subsets. Further, the extent of complement activation and inflammation
was high, in addition to significantly low plasma levels of Cregs in CAD patients. The high expression
of CD59 on granulocytes positively correlated with severity of disease.
Conclusions: These findings, together with higher levels of IL-6 and C3c, a complement activation
marker suggest that in chronic stages of disease, continuous complement activation with decreased
expression of regulatory proteins can be one of the mechanisms via which complement system acts
as pro-atherogenic rather than anti-atherogenic with granulocytes probably playing a major role.
Significant alterations in expression of complement proteins was observed by us in CAD patients as
compared to the healthy individuals in this study. Within the atherosclerotic plaque, the
complement cascade can be activated by all three pathways and for decades it has been known that
use of complement inhibitors in cholestrified rabbits and mice reduces atherosclerotic lesions.
Delineating the precise role of modulation in the expression of complement regulatory proteins on
the immune cells in CAD patients will provide information towards development of future
interventional strategies.
MBBS-3
TITLE: Clinico-radiological profile and outcome predictors of pediatric neurotuberculosis:
a retrospective cohort study
Name of authors: Agarwal, Mudit; Chakrabarty, Biswaroop; Sirolia, Vivek; Jauhari, Prashant;
Kumar, Atin; Gulati, Sheffali
Affiliation: Presenting author: Name- Mudit Agarwal
Email- [email protected]
Corresponding author: Name- Mudit Agarwal
Email- [email protected]
Abstract body:
Introduction: Neurotuberculosis constitutes a significant health care burden in developing
countries, and has a diverse clinical presentation and course. Many factors predict its outcome,
and there is currently no consensus on optimal treatment regimen for neurotuberculosis.
Aims and objectives: 1. Evaluation of the clinical, diagnostic and radiological profile of pediatric patients diagnosed
with neurotuberculosis and to study their treatment course.
2. Evaluation of final outcome of patients and identification of outcome predictors.
Design/Methods: Case records of children (n=89) diagnosed with neurotuberculosis between
January 2012 and October 2017 in a tertiary care teaching centre in North India were
retrospectively reviewed and analysed for demographic details, clinical presentation, radiological
and laboratory parameters, management and outcome (using Pediatric Cerebral Performance
Category Scale-PCPCS). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25.
Results: In the 89 cases (7.56+/-4.27 years; 45 boys), predominant symptoms were: seizures
(70.8%), fever (67.4%), vomiting (59.6%), altered sensorium (56.2%) and headache (55.1%) and
signs were: focal deficits (57.3%; cranial nerve palsy 38.2%, motor deficit 42.7%, spasticity
30.3% and cerebellar signs 2.2%), meningism (18%) and papilledema (11.7%). Analysis of CSF
showed: median 80 cells/mm3 (IQR-10-230 cells/mm3-predominantly lymphocytic), CSF
hypoglycorrhachia (40.41 +/- 18.359 mg/dl) and protein of 166.783+/-147.53 mg/dl. Newer
diagnostic techniques like CSF TB PCR were not found to be useful for diagnosis. Radiologically
commonest was Tubercular Meningitis (73%; 24.7% isolated, 44.9% with tuberculoma, 38.4%
with vasculitis, 12.6% with optochiasmatic arachnoiditis and 3.4% with spinal arachnoiditis).
Isolated tuberculoma and spinal TB were found in 21.3% and 5.6% respectively. Median duration
of ATT was 15 months (IQR: 12-24 months) with an intensive phase of 2 months (IQR- 2-4
months). MDR TB was found in 3.3% and category 2 ATT was required in 12.3%. The common
adverse effects of ATT were ATT-induced hepatitis (19.1%) and secondary optic atrophy
(10.1%). Overall 54.5% had hydrocephalus of which 31.5% required a CSF diversion procedure.
At treatment completion, 68.5% children had good final outcome (PCPS 1-2) with mortality of
5.6%. Younger age, focal deficits, stage 3 disease, meningeal enhancement on radiograph and
requirement of a modified ATT regimen were predictors of poor final outcome (PCPS 3-6 or
mortality).
Conclusion: Clinical suspicion with suggestive radiological findings is the mainstay for
establishing diagnosis of neurotuberculosis. Early diagnosis and treatment with optimal,
individualized therapeutic regimes may reduce morbidity and mortality.
MBBS-4
Title : Effect of Furin Inhibitor on FAT1 processing and function in Glioma Cells Authors : Puntambekar, Varad ; Chosdol, Kunzang
Presenting Author :
Name : Varad Puntambekar
Email : [email protected]
Corresponding Author
Name : Prof. Kunzang Chosdol
Email : [email protected] Introduction : Glioblastoma is a lethal and commonest CNS cancer of glial cells origin. The mean survival rate of patients diagnosed with Glioblastoma is 15 months after diagnosis. Our laboratory has previously reported FAT1 to have an oncogenic effect in glioma. FAT1 is a huge transmembrane atypical cadherin protein of 508kDa. FAT1 is cleaved and its cytoplasmic domain is found in the nucleus. Furin is a proprotein convertase known to process FAT1 protein. Here, we have used a small chemical inhibitor of furin [N2-(1-oxodecyl)-L-arginyl-L-valyl-N-(1S)-4-(aminoiminomethyl)amino-1-(2-chloroacetyl)butyl-L-lysinamide] in GBM cells and checked the FAT1 cleaved fragments, expression of p53 (known targets of FAT1) and its effect on cell migration. Methods : GBM cell line U87MG cultured under standard culture condition and treated with different concentration of furin followed by MTT assay for selection of optimum nontoxic dose (20 µM) of furin. The expression of p53 by q-PCR, Western Blot analysis of FAT1, Immunocytochemistry (for the subcellular localization of FAT1) and cell migration assay after Furin inhibitor treatment in glioma cells. Results: On furin inhibitor treatment for 48hrs in glioma cells we observe decreased FAT1 cleaved products, decreased p53(40%) expression and increased (1.24 fold) cellular migration when compared with DMSO control. By Immunocytochemistry, there was no significant difference in the cell membrane and cytoplasmic FAT1 protein after furin inhibitor treatment. Discussion: The presence of furin inhibitor decreased the level ofcleaved FAT1 protein, downregulated the expression of p53 and promoted cell migration. Thus, confirming the oncogenic role of FAT1 in glioma cells.
MBBS-5
Title: ANALYSIS OF MASS SPECTROMETRY DATA TO UNDERSTAND THE ROLE OF GPRC5C ORPHAN
RECEPTOR
Name of the authors: Patel Lajjaben, Aggarwal Aditya, Donowitz Mark
Affiliation:
Presenting author: Patel Lajjaben Jayeshkumar
Corresponding author: Patel Lajjaben Jayeshkumar
Abstract
Introduction
Gprc5c is known to be a part of type 3 GPCR subfamily. It was first identified using homology
searching of public databases, 2 novel protein sequences named RAIG-2 (HGMW-approved symbol
GPRC5B) and RAIG-3 (HGMW-approved symbol GPRC5C) were identified. On further investigation
this receptor was found to be localized to the apical membrane of renal proximal tubules of mice,
rats and humans. It was also found out that in Gprc5c KO mice, there was altered acid base
homeostasis. Further analysis using BCECF assay indicated that Gprc5c increased NHE3 activity at
alkaline pH and that NHE3 activity was reduced in Gprc5c KO mice. We were interested in
elucidating the role of Gprc5c in cellular function, focusing especially on the pathways that could
possibly explain the link between Gprc5c and NHE3 using analysis of mass spectrometry data.
Materials and Methods
4684 proteins from kidney cortex cells of WT and Gprc5c KO mice were analyzed using Tandem mass
tag mass spectrometry. The data was further analyzed using Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis (IPA®)
which provided information regarding whether a protein was up or down regulated and how many
Standard deviations away the protein levels were. Those proteins which were more than 2 SD away
were further analyzed against the available database of proteins in the software and relevant
Canonical Pathways, Functions and Upstream regulators were found out. For each Canonical
Pathway, Function and Upstream regulator, relevant proteins were listed. Wherever possible, it was
predicted by the software whether a Canonical Pathway, Function or Upstream regulator was
upregulated or downregulated.
For each of the pathways, we marked, using MS EXCEL, which proteins were involved. Using the
proteins which were common in different pathways, we were able to form clusters of similar
pathways and analyse them using their functions and regulators.
Results
The results obtained for 3 important pathway clusters are presented in the following table.
Conclusion
It has earlier been suggested that Gprc5c belongs to a novel family of Retinoic acid inducible
receptors. Since our analysis finds LXR/RXR and FXR/RXR signalling pathway proteins to be
significantly altered in response to Gprc5c KO, we believe that proteins involved in these Retinoic
acid mediated pathways may be important in Gprc5c mediated pathways.
CLUS
-TER
1
CLUS-
TER
2
CLUS-
TER
3
CLUS
-TER
4
CLUS
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5
CLUS
-TER
6
NON-
CLUSTERED
Fig 1
We analyzed the proteins and pathways that we thought might elucidate the link between Gprc5c
and NHE3 demonstrated earlier. CHP, which is known to be an essential co-factor in NHE3 function,
was upregulated in the KO which is inconsistent with the decrease in function of NHE3.
Protein kinase A pathway, which is inhibitory for NHE3 was upregulated in the KO which is consistent
with the decrease in function of NHE3.
The level of activation of clathrin mediated endocytosis pathway, which promotes internalization of
NHE3, is not conclusive. The amount of NHE3 was also not shown to be decreased in the Gprc5c KO.
The major drawback of doing analysis using the levels of the proteins affected is that we are unable
to detect those proteins whose functions are altered by activation or inactivation. Using more
powerful tools of analysis, the data can more deeply be analyzed. More wet lab experiments are
necessary to establish the function of Gprc5c more firmly.
MBBS-6
Title: Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in morbidly obese
patients- Long Term Results from a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in India
Authors
Mehul Gupta
Dr. Sandeep Aggarwal
Dr. Amit Bhambri
Dr. Vitish Singla
Rachna Choudhary
Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS),
New Delhi
Correspondence To:
Prof Sandeep Aggarwal
Room#5034, Department of Surgical Disciplines,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS),
New Delhi
Email: [email protected]
Cell: 9810235580
Type of Presentation: Oral
Presenter: Mehul Gupta ([email protected])
Word Count 307
Introduction
Bariatric surgery, besides causing significant weight reduction, leads to improvement in
numerous obesity related co-morbidities especially Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).
However, there is a scarcity of data on this aspect from Indian population.
Materials and Methods:
We used a retrospective cohort, comprising of all diabetic patients who underwent bariatric
surgery at AIIMS, New Delhi in the past 10 years. A questionnaire comprising of relevant
questions and investigations was designed. The cohort was followed up for resolution of
T2DM and the relevance of various pre-operative prediction scores was analysed against the
actual percentage of diabetic remission.
Results:
244 (31.73%) patients suffered from T2DM. Starting from April 2018, we were able to
contact 156 patients. The median period of follow-up was 38 months. The mean BMI of the
study group decreased from 45.4 kg/m2 to 33.46 kg/m2. The number of patients dependent
on oral anti-diabetic pharmacotherapy decreased from 133 patients (85.8%) to 40 patients
(25.8%). The number of patients dependent on insulin also decreased from 30 (19.35%) to 7
(4.51%). Diabetic remission could be analysed for 68 patients, who submitted complete
biochemical investigations and had a follow-up period of at least 12 months. The median
follow-up period for this sub-cohort was 43.5 months. Out of those 68 patients; 24 patients
(35.29%) are in complete remission, 12 patients (17.65%) are in partial remission, and 37
patients (39.71%) have shown an improved glycemic control. All patients were scored
according to ABCD, DIAREM and Ad-DIAREM pre-operative scores. Using remission
score cut-offs (<10 for Ad-DIAREM, <7 for DIAREM, and > 6 for ABCD), Ad-DIAREM
score has shown highest predictive accuracy of 79.03%.
Conclusions:
Besides showing a decrease in the excess BMI by 62.05%, surgical intervention also led to
remission of T2DM in 52.9% of the patients. On comparing the results of various pre-
operative scores, Advanced DIAREM showed the highest predictive accuracy.
MBBS-7
Title: Structural analysis of P4 nuclease of Leishmania infantum for identifying linear and conformational epitope for vaccine development
Ghosh Tamoghna1 Pranjal Kabra1, Hariprasad Gururao2
1MBBS, All India Institute of Medical Sciences 2Departments of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
Presenting Author: Ghosh Tamoghna, MBBS, 4th Semester; Email Id: [email protected]
Corresponding Author: Dr. Hariprasad Gururao, Department of Biophysics; Email Id: [email protected]
Introduction: Leishmaniasis is a vector borne infection affecting people in the large
parts of tropical counties and is caused by the obligate intracellular protozoa. The
emergence of the disease as an opportunistic pathogen has heightened further the
public health significance of leishmaniasis and the need for improvement in
prevention of this disease. There are different metabolic cycles that are triggered in
the pathogen for survival in the host. One such is the ‘purine salvage pathway’, in
which nucleotides are synthesized from intermediates in the degradative pathway of
the human host for its own survival, growth and multiplication. P4 nuclease is one of
the crucial enzymes of this pathway in the amasitigote form, and it therefore qualifies
as a potential vaccine target. Detailed structural analysis of this enzyme is essential
to know the potential epitopes on it for vaccine development.
Objectives: To carry out detailed amino acid sequence analysis and, to build the
three dimensional model of P4 nuclease enzyme ofLeishmania donovani (Ld), and
carry out a detailed structural analysis for conformational epitope identification.
Materials and Methods: Homology modeling of the Ld P4 nuclease was done
based on templates chosen using online softwares. The coordinates obtained was
visualized using the program PyMOL. The analysis of the conformational correctness
and reliability was carried out using PROCHECK. Zinc atom coordinates were fitted
into the best validated model. Hydrogen atoms were added and the model was
minimized in the presence of zinc keeping the backbone of the model fixed using
CHARMm (version c32b1) forcefield in Discovery Studio (DS) 1.7 (Accelrys Software
Inc., San Diego). Amino acid sequence and structure model was submitted to
various online servers for linear and conformational epitope prediction, respectively.
Based on parameters such as hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, secondary structure,
antigenicity and amphipathicity, T-cell and B-cell epitopes were mapped.
Results: (1) The sequence motif from 209-217 comprising of residues Tyr-Thr-Asp-
Leu-Phe-Ala-Leu-Ala-Ala was one of the consistent T-cell linear epitopes that
featured in most of the results from different servers. Interestingly, this peptide
sequence also had a high score for Transporter of Antigenic Peptides that reflects
the ability of the peptide to associate with class-1 MHC molecule and transported to
cell membrane for presentation to T-helper cells; (2) The part of the solvent exposed
‘loop structure’ on the periphery from 103-109 with residues Asn-Pro-Glu-Asn-Iso-
Asn-Iso that connects one of the long helices with the short helix was the best
conformational B-cell epitope.
Conclusion: Ld P4 nuclease has a compact globular structure comprising of
catalytic domain and zinc atoms as a cofactor. The predicted epitopes adheres and
fulfils all the physio-chemical requisites for an epitope. This study will pave the way
for vaccine development that will assist in disease prevention.
MBBS-8
Title: Structural analysis of P4 nuclease of Leishmania infantum, a potential drug target in leishmaniasis
Kabra Pranjal 1, Ghosh Tamoghna, Hariprasad Gururao2
1MBBS, Fourth Semester, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 2Departments of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Presenting Author: Kabra Pranjal, MBBS/4th Semester; Email
Corresponding Author: Dr. Hariprasad Gururao, Department of Biophysics; Email Id: [email protected]
Introduction: Leishmaniasis is a vector borne infection affecting people in the large
parts of tropical counties and is caused by the obligate intracellular protozoa
leishmania. The emergence as an opportunistic pathogen has heightened further the
public health significance of leishmaniasis and the need for improvement in
therapeutics. Unfortunately, treatment regimens currently available involve non-
selective drugs with significant toxicity and limited efficacy. There are different
metabolic cycles that are triggered in the pathogen for survival in the host. One such
is the ‘purine salvage pathway’, in which nucleotides are synthesized from
intermediates in the degradative pathway of the human host for its own survival,
growth and multiplication. P4 nuclease is one of the crucial enzymes of this pathway
in the amasitigote form, and it therefore qualifies as a potential drug target.
Understanding the three dimensional structure is important for the design of potent
drug molecules against this pathogen.
Objectives: To build the three dimensional model of P4 nuclease enzyme of Leishmania donovani (Ld) and carry out a detailed structural analysis.
Materials and Methods: Homology modeling of the Ld P4 nuclease was done
based on templates chosen using Geno 3D, SWISS-MODEL, Jigsaw3D, ESyPred3D, and PHYRE softwares. The coordinates obtained was visualized using the program PyMOL. The analysis of the conformational correctness and reliability was carried out using PROCHECK. Zinc atom coordinates were fitted into the best validated model. Hydrogen atoms were added and the model was minimized in the presence of zinc keeping the backbone of the model fixed using CHARMm (version c32b1) forcefield in Discovery Studio (DS) 1.7 (Accelrys Software Inc., San Diego). This model was taken for structural analysis.
Results: Three dimensional conformation of Ld P4 nuclease comprises of a globular structure that is made of nine α-helices, two short α-helices, one pair of anti-parallel β-sheets, and loops that connect these secondary structural elements. Substrate binding channel comprises of the catalytic network of four histidine residues and two aspartate residues, along with three zinc atoms as co-factors. The side chains of residues in this channel present a good blend of hydrophobic, acidic and basic moieties. This bio-physical property can be harnessed to design potential drug molecules that can make an array of hydrophobic, hydrogen bonded and salt-bridge interactions for better potency.
Conclusion: Ld P4 nuclease has a compact globular structure comprising of
catalytic domain and zinc atoms as a co-factor. The detailed structural analysis of this enzyme paves the way for possible design of potent drug molecules against this drug target from Leishmania.
MBBS-9
APPLICANT NAME: Kushum Acharya, COURSE: Bachelor of Optometry Institute: Dr. R.P. Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS), New Delhi-110029 Contact Number:9717840626 E-mail address: [email protected] Complete mailing address: Hostel number 10, Common Room 3, AIIMS Ladies Hostel, AIIMS, New Delhi-110029
SUPERVISOR NAME: Dr. Sudershan Khokar Designation: Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology Institute: Dr. R.P. Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS),Ophthalmic Sciences ,New Delhi-110029 Name: Anita (consultant optometrist) Sandeep (scientist ) DR RP .Centre AIIMS DELHI
PROJECT Title Measurement of corneal thickness at 6mm of corneal diameter in different quadrant ( Temporal, Inferior, Nasal and superior) by using Pentacam scheimpflug imaging and 9 point ultrasound pachymetry in North Indian population. HYPOTHESIS: Comparative study of pachymetry (S,N I,T ) can be done in male n female ,low medium high refractive error ,OD and OS ,in different age group . PURPOSE/SCOPE: Difference in the pachymetry can guide us in further advancement of refractive surgery TIMEFRAME: 6 months METHODOLOGY: 50 ( 100 eyes) cases were taken as case control =25male (50 eyes ) and 25
female (50 eyes) having central corneal thickness between 500- 550micron .
50 (100 eyes ) cases having refractive error and age group between 20-30 was taken Proper evaluation of anterior and posterior segment was done using torch light, slit lamp and direct ophthalmoscope . Every case underwent cycloplegic refraction , uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity
was noted by using ETDRS log MAR chart. Central corneal thickness was noted by using Pentacam and ultrasonic pachymetry
The data is then cleaned, entered and studied through appropriate software. INCLUSION CRITERIA For case control cases having no refractive error Central corneal thickness between 475-600
Astigmatism less than 1D
EXCLUSION CRITERIA All cases of degeneration and dystrophies Keratoconus All ectatic conditions Cases having Corneal thickness less than 500 and more than 550 were excluded. Astigmatism more than 1D was excluded.
OUTCOME / RESULT
At 6mm of diameter from corneal centre , Corneal thickness increases from temporal quadrant to inferior ,inferior to nasal and from
nasal to superior and decreases from superior to temporal quadrant Highest thickness found in superior quadrant and lowest in infero- temporal quadrant . And the pattern followed by cornea is independent of gender OD eye tends to follow the pattern more ( 80 %)than OS (60%) In low refractive error pattern is followed but as the refractive error increases it tends to
lose the pattern.
PROJECT Title Evaluation of difference in pachymetry in different quadrant ( superior ,Nasal > inferior, temporal ) at 6mm of corneal diameter HYPOTHESIS: Comparative study of pachymetry (S,N >I,T ) can be done in male n female ,low medium high refractive error ,OD and OS ,in different age group . PURPOSE/SCOPE: Difference in the pachymetry can guide us in further advancement of refractive surgery TIMEFRAME: 2 months METHODOLOGY: 1oo cases will be taken 50 cases will be taken as case control without having refractive error and central pachymetry between 500-550mm 50 cases with refractive error and age group between 20-30 and central corneal thickness between 525 to 550. Each case will undergo cycloplegic refraction .Uncorrected visual acuity and best corrected visual acuity will be noted by using ETDRS log mar chart. Pentacam will be used to measure pachymetry in different quadrant. The data will be then cleaned, entered and studied through appropriate software. EXPECTED OUTCOME There will be difference in corneal thickness in different quadrant at 6mm from centre of cornea .Super ,nasal will be greater than inferior ,temporal (S,N> I,T ) and thickness will progressively increase from superior to nasal quadrant INCLUSION CRITERIA For case control cases having no refractive error Central corneal thickness between 525-550. Astigmatism less than 1D
EXCLUSION CRITERIA All cases of degeneration and dystrophies Keratoconus All ectatic conditions Corneal thickness less than 500 and more than 550 will be excluded Astigmatism more than 1D will be excluded
MBBS-10 TITLE: To investigate if there is a significant drop in HRV with increasing severity of Postural
Hypotension
Name of the authors: Vidushi Varshney, Kavita Yadav, K K Deepak
Affiliation:
Presenting Author:
Name: Vidushi Varshney
E-mail: [email protected]
Corresponding Author:
Name: Dr K K Deepak
E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract body
Introduction:Orthostatic hypotension (also called postural hypotension) is defined as a
decrease in systolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg within three minutes during tilt table/lying
to standing test. During lying to standing, blood pools down in the lower limbs due to gravity.
The resultant decreased venous return stimulates the baroreflex arc which will tries to
maintain the blood pressure by increasing heart rate. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a
mathematical analysis of beat to beat variation in heart rate. Thus we hypothesised that
whether we can predict the severity and the progression of the disease by analysing HRV; as
to perform this test we require only lead II ECG data and hence can be done in a remote
setting also.
Aims &Objective: To investigate if there are changes in HRV with increasing severity of
Postural Hypotension in context of HRV parameters pNN50, LF, HF, LF/HF, SD1, SD2,
SD1/SD2.
Material and Methods: The study was performed usinghistorical data (age =16-85 years)
collected from AFT lab, Department of Physiology, AIIMS. The patient’s data was divided
into two groups: patients having systolic blood pressure drop between 10- and 20-mm Hg
(n=16 for pNN50, n=13 for LF, and n=14 for HF, LF/HF, SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2) on tilt table
test were chosen as mild postural hypotension subjectsand those having more than 20 mm Hg
drop in diastolic blood pressure (n=9 for SD1, SD2 and n=10 for pNN50, LF, HF, LF/HF,
SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2) were categorised in severe postural hypotensive group. The data was
analysed using MS Excel. For statistical analysis Unpaired t test was applied to compare the
average values of the above-mentioned parameters. The sensitivity was taken to be p-
value<0.05.
Results: There was a significant drop (t-score =2.50678, critical value for sensitivity {p-
value<0.05} =1.833113) in the pNN50 value of severe hypotensive patients (0.27617 ±
0.73797) as compared to mild hypotensive patients (6.745056 ±10.28).However, in case of
HF values the drop in HRV in severe hypotensive subjects (36.77 ± 19.82) as compared to
mild hypotensive subjects (33.51 ± 13.82) was not significant. Similarly, the drop-in rest of
the HRV parameters studied (LF, LF/HF, SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2) was not significant.
Conclusion:With increase inseverity of postural hypotension, there was a significant drop in
pNN50 which represents parasympathetic component of heart rate variability. However, the
study has some limitations as there was a small sample size and the age group of the study
was very diverse, so there might be variation due to other factors.
MBBS-11 Title: Description of a nucleus in human midbrain Authors: Agrawal Samprati1, Rakholia Devendra Vaidehi1, Singh Indrapal, George Jacob Tony2. Affiliation: 1- MBBS Undergraduate, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. 2- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Presenting authors: • • Samprati Agrawal - [email protected]
• • Vaidehi Rakholia – [email protected] Corresponding author: • • Dr Tony Jacob George – [email protected]
Abstract Body Introduction: While examining serial cresyl violet-stained cryosections of the human mid-brain, we identified a discrete group of cells, in the tectum at the level of superior colliculus between the fibers of the posterior commissure. Since, this group of cells has not been described before, we set out to characterize it. Aims and objective: Characterization of the group of cells in the tectum, between the fibers of the posterior commissure, at the level of the superior colliculus. Materials and Methods: We used cresyl violet stained serial cryosections, of six human midbrain, along with immunohistochemistry to study this group of cells. The markers used were NeuN, calbindin, calreticulin, parvalbumin, GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein), galactoceribrosidase, IBA-1, nicotinic receptor of acetylcholine, ChAT (Choline Acetyl Transferase) and TH (tyrosine Hydroxylase). Results: This group of cells had some express neuronal markers, like NeuN and calbindin and other expressed glial markers like GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein- for astrocytes), galactoceribrosidase (for oligodendroglia) and IBA-1(Ionised calcium Binding Adaptor molecule-1- for microglia). These cells also stained positively for Nicotinic receptor of acetycholine and ChAT (Choline Acetyl Transferase) suggesting that this group of cells received cholinergic innervation have cholinergic efferents too. A few cells also expressed TH (Tyrosine Hydoxylase). Conclusion: We believe that we have described a distinct cholinergic nucleus of the
midbrain with all necessary components- neurons and all three types of glial cells. Being a
group of cholinergic and dopaminergic neurons this may be a displaced nucleus of the
medial group of nuclei in the reticular formation.
MBBS-12
Impact of IL-9 on T cells and macrophage function:Relevance in Tuberculosis
Sonal Swati, Mitra Kumar Dipendra, ThakralDeepshi, Kamboj Divya
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Presenting author:Swati Sonal, [email protected]
Corresponding author: Prof. Dipendra Kumar Mitra,HOD, Department of Transplant
Immunology and Immunogenetics, AIIMS , New Delhi, [email protected]
INTRODUCTION:
Tuberculosis remains an important global public health concern, associated with high
morbidity and mortality and rising trend of drug resistance. There is a dire need of
understanding pathogenesis and immune correlates of TB that might provide cues for
finding alternative mechanisms to control it.
IL-9 is a poorly studied pleiotropic cytokine produced by distinct T-cell subsets (Th2, Th9,
Th17, Treg), most frequently associated with allergic inflammation and immunity to
extracellular parasites; including promoting Th2 responses in Leishmania
infection.Current research has demonstrated a role for IL-9 or IL-9 responsive cells in
Th1/Th17-mediated inflammation and in Tregresponses, but their role in the pathogenesis
of TB remains to be elucidated.It has beenassociated with an impaired Th1 immune
response in a few patients with TB, and shown to inhibit oxidative burst and downregulate
production of TNF-α and IL-10 inLPS stimulated human monocytes. However,there is
hardly any evidence suggesting role of IL-9 on macrophages specific to TB.Therefore, a
definitive role of IL-9 in influencing both effector T cells and macrophage function in TB
is yet to be determined; in the hope of developing potential vaccine candidates against TB
in future.
OBJECTIVES:
1. To investigate the effect of IL-9 onM.tb.antigen specific TH1/ TH2 responses (IFN-
γ,TNF-α vs IL-4)
2. To determine the effect of IL-9 on macrophage function with M.tb. antigen stimulation
(IL10 vs IL12)
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Peripheral venous blood sample was taken from TB patients and controls. PBMCs were
isolated, stimulated with Mtb antigen and IL9, and then cultured for 48 hours. These
cultured cells were stained for cell surface markers such as CD4 (Th cells) and CD14
(monocytes); and intracellular markers for cytokines being studied. These cells were later
acquired and analysed using flowcytometry.
Statistical analysis was done using Student’s t-test.
RESULTS:
Objective 1: IL9 was shown to promote IFN-γ, TNF-α as well as IL-4 production in
vitro in TB patients. However, change was notably found to be more significant in IL-4
production. This suggested that IL9 promotes the Th2 response mainly, with little effect
on Th1 response.
Objective 2: IL9 was found to have marked inhibitory effect on production of IL10 by
monocyte derived macrophages. However, there was hardly any effect of IL9 on IL12
production.
CONCLUSION:
IL9 was shown to promote Th2 response, suggesting that IL9 may be a susceptibility
factor for development of TB infection. Therefore, IL9 neutralising agents may be
considered for candidates for vaccine against TB.However, it also had an inhibitory
effect on IL10 production by monocytes, suggesting complex effects of IL9 on both T
lymphocytes and monocytes. Hence, further investigations in this field with larger
sample sizes are needed to gain insight into fine interplay between immune cells that are
critical in the containment of TB infection and to obtain conclusive data.
MBBS-13
Prevalence of hypertension and risk factors among young Indians Kartik Gupta1, Prakash Gupta1, M Kalaivani2, S Ramakrishnan3
1Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi; 2Department of
Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi; 3Department of Cardiology, All
India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Background: Observational studies suggest that mean age of experiencing a major adverse
cardiovascular event (MACE) is lower among south Asians. We aim to study the epidemiology of
risk factors in young participants in tier 1 and 2 cities of India using data from Cardiac Prevent-
2015 survey.
Methods: Tier 1 and 2 cities were defined according to the census 2011 data of India. Data from
participants aged 18-39 years was analyzed with JNC7 definition of hypertension. We recorded
self-reported history of hypertension, intake of anti-hypertensive medications, diabetes mellitus,
dyslipidemia, current or past smoking, tobacco consumption, history of previous myocardial
infarction, and stroke. Chi-square test was used to find a difference in the prevalence in the two
tiers. A p value of <0.01 was considered significant.
Results: Out of 71871 participants studied, 19700 were in tier 1 and 52171 were in tier 2 cities
(Table 1). Mean age was comparable in the two groups (Table 1). Almost one in four males
(23%) and one in ten females (10.8%) were hypertensive. There were significantly more males
with hypertension in tier 1 as compared to tier 2. Among the participants, 7.5% (9.9% in tier 1
and 6.5% in tier 2) were smokers; 5.8% (8.2% in tier 1 and 4.9% in tier 2) consumed any form of
tobacco; 2.3% (2% in tier 1 and 2.4% in tier 2) had self-reported diabetes mellitus and 2.6%
(1.6% in tier 1 and 1.9% in tier 2) had self-reported dyslipidemia. There were significantly more
smokers and tobacco consumers in tier 1 cities but there were more patients with diabetes
mellitus and dyslipidemia in tier 2 cities. Self-reported adverse cardiovascular events were more
in participants living in tier 1 cities. One in ten participants in tier 1 cities had a self-reported
history of myocardial infarction.
Among the risk factors asked, diabetes mellitus had the strongest association with hypertension.
After adjusting for other risk factors, patients with diabetes mellitus had almost double the risk
for hypertension (Table 2). Tobacco consumption was not related to hypertension.
Conclusion: Though the prevalence of risk factors like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and
dyslipidemia is more in tier 2 cities, major adverse cardiovascular events are more common in
tier 1. Additional risk factors like tobacco chewing and smoking may be contributing to this
higher prevalence in tier 1 cities. Dedicated studies are needed to understand this multifactorial
causation.
Table 1: Prevalence of hypertension
among young males and females in
tier 1 and 2 cities Tier 1 cities (n=19700)
Tier 2 cities (n=52171)
Mean age (years)* 28.9±5.8 27.8±6.5 Overall prevalence of hypertension
3573 (18.1) 10,169(19.5)
3085 (20.7) 8014 (24.6)
• • Males with hypertension*
• • Females with hypertension
488 (10.1) 2155 (11)
Risk factors Total smokers (% with htn)*
1949 (25.6) 3409 (32.2)
Total consumers of tobacco (% with htn)*
1605 (25.6) 2552 (27.1)
Diabetes mellitus (% with htn)*
392 (31.4) 1250 (38.9)
Dyslipidemia (% with htn)*
311 (31.8) 1527 (36.1)
Adverse cardiovascular events Myocardial infarction* 2271 (11.5) 2813 (5.4) Stroke* 68 (0.4) 93 (0.2)
MBBS-14
Title:Visual Tracking as a Tool to assess benefits of Yoga in obesity Name of the authors: Ghosh Tamoghna1, Kochhar KP2
Affiliation:1) MBBS, 4th semester, AIIMS 2) Professor,Department of Physiology,AIIMS Presenting Author: Ghosh Tamoghna Name: Tamoghna Ghosh Email: [email protected] Corresponding Author: Kochhar KP Name: Kanwal Preet Kochhar Email: [email protected] Abstract Body Introduction : One of the greatest factors contributing to prevalence of obesity is the choice of diet and fat consumption. Obese are more attention biased towards high-calorie food.The ability of the visual food cues to interact with the brain’s reward system and trigger motivated behavior may play a significant role in excessive food intake and resultant obesity. Food reward processes underlie the motivation to seek out and consume certain foods.Some foods are good to eat, in that they evoke a pleasurable hedonic response.Cues associated with foods(e.g. the sight and smell of the food) acquire the ability to attract our attention and the foods become sought after.The mesocorticolimbic dopamine system- most notably the Ventral tegmental area, ventral striatum and nucleus accmbens mediates the processing of reward and pleasure.Food becomes increasingly sensitized due to the dopaminergic response to foods that results from repeated over-eating.People who are obese respond more strongly to food cues than do lean people when satiated.Consuming diets high in saturated fat and sugars impairs hippocampal-dependent learning and memory processes.Obese individuals are biased towards attending to food over non-food information,this bias may contribute to the development and maintenance of obesity.They have difficulty in disengaging attention from food compared with non-food images.High-calorie food activate the brain’s reward system and is problematic due to greater“attention-grabbing”property.This leads to reduction in cognitive ability of an individual to attend to other, more adaptive stimuli.The incentive sensitization model of obesity suggests that modification of the dopaminergic associated reward systems in the brain may result in increased awareness of food-related visual-cues present in the current food environment. Aims & Objective:To use visual tracking as a tool to evidence the effect of yoga based lifestyle intervention on selective attention to foods images especially high caloric food images Materials & Methods:Interventional study conducted at Integral Health Clinic,Department of Physiology,AIIMS-Delhi.A total of 25 overweight/obese subjects, age : 18-50 years,
BMI≥23 and <35 kg/m2, and gender both male and female, were included in the study. Cognition was assessed using an eye-tracking paradigm with a visual probe task. Eye movements were recorded in fasting conditions pre and post yoga intervention. Results:There was a significant reduction in duration and direction bias to food images especially to high caloric food, post yoga interventions. Conclusion:The present observations from our study indicated that direction and duration bias to food images might be positively modified following a short term yoga-based lifestyleintervention in overweight/obese subjects leading to developing yoga therapy for managing cardiovascular health and primary and secondary prevention of CHD.A similar study may be done in future: 1. Larger sample size 2. A validation of images questionnaire could be made 3. OLAF images could be used
MBBS-15
Authors: Satwik Pasani, Jain Agam, Mukherjee Aparna, Kabra S K, Lodha Rakesh Affiliation: All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi Presenting Author: Name : Pasani Satwik, Undergraduate (Intern) Email: [email protected] Corresponding Author: Name : Lodha Rakesh Email: [email protected] Abstract Body Introduction: Significant changes in the anthropometric parameters occurs on initiation of anti-tubercular therapy. It has been proposed that change pattern may be an early indicator of outcome, however index data in Indian children is missing. Here we present the data on changes in anthropometric parameters in a cohort of 403 children taking anti- tubercular therapy Aims & Objective: To characterise the pattern of change in various anthropometric parameters in children undergoing anti tubercular therapy Materials And Method: Secondary analysis of a multicentric RCT (trial no. NCT00801606 ) carried out from Jan 2008 to June 2012 to assess the effect of micronutrient supplementation on treatment outcomes in children with intrathoracic tuberculosis, was done to explore the pattern of anthropometric catchup during treatment. Under the trial, Children with newly diagnosed intrathoracic tuberculosis were enrolled, and they received ATT according to the RNTCP guidelines and their anthropometric parameters were recorded at baseline, D15, D30, D45, D60, D90, D120, D150, D180. Analysis was done using Python (v3.5) and LibreOffice Calc (v6.0.7.3). RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 403 children with intrathoracic tuberculosis (microbiologically confirmed in 179 (44.4%)) with roughly equal age distribution (<5y – 84, 5 to 10y – 152, >10y – 167) and a female:male ratio of 1.30. Baseline Z scores were mostly below the median (mean(sd) baseline weightfor- age = -2.25(1.25), height-for-age = -1.63(1.4), BMI-for-age = -2.07(1.24)). Overall anthropometric
change at 6 months was positive in all parametrers; mean(sd) changes in weight = 3.35kg(2.35), height = 3.0cm(1.8), BMI-for-age Z scores = 0.99(0.9). Maximum growth velocities were attained for all parameters in the first 15 days (first followup) which monotonically decreased over subsequent followups (mean velocity for first 15 days of BMI-for-age= 0.02/day, weight = 0.04kg/day, height = 0.012cm/day). Final Z-scores at 6 months were significantly improved but still remained below the median for the majority (mean(sd) 6-month weight-for-age = -1.16(1.22), height-for-age = -0.99(1.43), BMI-for-age = -1.05(1.08)). No significant distinct patterns of catchup were found on KMeans clustering and Principal Component Analysis. CONCLUSIONS: All the anthropometric parameters show maximum change in the first 15 days, which decreases over time. Further studies can explore the difference in maximum growth velocity and this may serve as an early indicator of treatment response.