name period or # evolution unit instructions€¦ · 4-1 what is evolution? lesson review write...
TRANSCRIPT
Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________
1
Evolution Unit Instructions A message to students and parents:
Students are not required to believe the theory of evolution. However, students must understand the
process of and describe the evidence supporting evolution, as it is a current scientific theory
describing changes in the Earth’s history.
Life Science Textbook: Chapter 4, and parts of Chapter 12
o Topic: Evolution
o Directions: See website HW calendars DAILY. You will use the textbook on most days.
On others you will be given a different assignment or task. CHECK website!
o Do only the assigned task listed on HW calendar. Do not go ahead. CHECK website!
o Skip and mark questions that you don’t understand so you can ask during Zoom or
through email.
o The answer key is provided at the end of the packet. Only use the answer key after
reading the lesson and completing the packet page.
BrainPop Video Resources-
There are 10 required BrainPop videos included in assignment chart below.
o Watch the videos and take the quizzes.
o Record your answers on the provided sheet.
o Correct your quiz when done.
o ONLY Email BrainPop quizzes when stated on HW calendar. CHECK website!
o USE the “Email Results” feature on BrainPop.
o Click on “Email Results” after the last question on the quiz.
Stated Clearly Video Resources- https://www.statedclearly.com/
o There are 4 REQUIRED Stated Clearly Videos (These are included on the attached assignment chart). *What is evolution?
*What is natural selection?
*What is a fossil?
*What is evidence for evolution?
o These OPTIONAL videos will enhance your understanding. (These are NOT listed on HW Calendar).
*How does cooperation evolve?
*Can science explain the theory of life?
*Does the theory of evolution really matter?
*Did dinosaurs live alongside humans?
*Soft tissue found inside dinosaur bones
Questions?
Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________
2
How to complete this packet.
Three options to complete this work. 1- Directly on printed page.
With parent permission, print out this entire packet. (packet is 21 pages)
Then write your answers directly on the sheets.
2- Directly on computer
Don’t use PDF, use the word document and work directly on computer.
Be careful as you add answers. The page will change as you do this.
3- On paper
Write answer in a notebook as shown below.
If you are unable to print, just write your answers in a notebook or on paper.
Be sure to have a detailed heading for every page section.
See ANSWERS ON PAPER EXAMPLE BELOW
ANSWERS ON PAPER EXAMPLE
4-1 page 8 section 1
1) Dog
2) Cat
4-1 page 8 section 2
1) A
2) B
4-1 page 8 skills
I like dogs better than cats because… bla bla bla …………………………………………………………………
Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________
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BrainPop Assignment
You are to watch 10 BrainPop videos.
After each video is completed, take the quiz that follows. Record your answers on the next page.
Mark any incorrect answers in a different color. Mark your quiz score at the bottom of the page.
There are quizzes that we are asking for emailed results.
Each video is just a few minutes long. Watch to LEARN not to just get it done.
User Name = barkermiddle Password = PMS
LEARNING is key. Pause the video. Rewind the video. Watch video twice before taking quiz.
Do what you must to learn and understand the information.
Please view these videos ONLY on the assigned day as stated on HW calendar.
The required videos are: 1. Camouflage
2. Genetic Mutations
3. Fossils
4. Extinction
5. Carbon Dating
6. Charles Darwin
7. Natural Selection
8. Human Evolution
9. Scopes Monkey Trial
10. Geologic Time
Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________
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Brain Pop Quiz Answer Sheet
Genetic
Mutations
Camouflage Extinction Fossils Carbon
Dating
1. 1. For this
video, don’t
record your
answers here.
Instead, email
the results to
me upon quiz
completion.
***After quiz is complete, select “EMAIL RESULTS” to send via email.
1. 1.
2. 2. 2. 2.
3. 3. 3. 3.
4. 4. 4. 4.
5. 5. 5. 5.
6. 6. 6. 6.
7. 7. 7. 7.
8. 8. 8. 8.
9. 9. 9. 9.
10. 10. 10. 10. Score = /10 Score= /10 Score= /10 Score= /10 Score= /10
Natural
Selection
Charles
Darwin
Human
Evolution
Scopes Monkey Trial
Geological
Time
For this
video, don’t
record your
answers here.
Instead, email
the results to
me upon quiz
completion.
***After quiz is complete, select “EMAIL RESULTS” to send via email.
1. 1. 1. For this
video, don’t
record your
answers here.
Instead, email
the results to
me upon quiz
completion.
***After quiz is complete, select “EMAIL RESULTS” to send via email.
2. 2. 2.
3. 3. 3.
4. 4. 4.
5. 5. 5.
6. 6. 6.
7. 7. 7.
8. 8. 8.
9. 9. 9.
10. 10. 10. Score = /10 Score= /10 Score= /10 Score= /10 Score= /10
Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________
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12-4 How do living things interact? Lesson Review
Skills: researching, using resources
Circle the term that best completes each statement.
1. Resources in an ecosystem are (abundant / limited).
2. (Predation / Competition) is the struggle among organisms for resources in an ecosystem.
3. In competition, animals that are better adapted to conditions in the habitat are (more / less) likely to
survive and reproduce.
4. Competition among plants is (less / more) active than competition among animals.
5. A relationship in which an organism kills and eats another organism is called
(competition / predation).
6. An organism that kills and eats another organism is called (a predator / prey).
7. (Symbiosis / Competition) is a close relationship between two organisms from different species that
may help or harm one of the organisms.
8. Prey species (can / cannot) benefit from predation.
9. Predators are (less / more) likely to catch, kill, and eat weak or unhealthy animals than strong, healthy
ones.
10. An organism that is killed and eaten by another organism is called (a predator / prey).
Skill Challenge
Skills: applying concepts, inferring
Explain how each of the following interactions can help a species to maintain a
strong, healthy population. You may use reference materials if necessary.
Interaction How the Interaction Helps Species
Competition
Predation
Symbiosis
Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________
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12-6 What are adaptations? Lesson Review
Complete the following.
1. What is an adaptation? ___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why is your thumb considered an adaptation? ______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3. How is blubber an adaptation of a whale? __________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4. How are thick, leathery stems and spines adaptations of a cactus? _____________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5. What is camouflage? _____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
6. What is protective covering? ______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7. What is warning coloration? ______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
8. What is mimicry? _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Skill Challenge
Skills: applying definitions, classifying
Complete the table below by finding three examples of each kind of adaptation. You
may use reference materials if necessary.
EXAMPLES OF ADAPTATIONS
Adaptation Examples
1. Camouflage
2. Protective covering
3. Warning coloration
4. Mimicry
Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________
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4-1 What is evolution? Lesson Review
Write true if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the underlined
term to make the statement true.
___________________ 1. Many scientists believe that new species develop from older species as a result of adaptation.
___________________ 2. A change in a gene is called a mutation.
___________________ 3. A trait of an organism that helps it survive in its environment is called an evolution.
___________________ 4. The process by which organisms change throughout time is called evolution.
___________________ 5. A group of organisms that look alike and can reproduce among themselves are a species.
___________________ 6. If a mutation is helpful to an organism, it may die out before passing the trait on.
Skill Challenge
Skills: analyzing, relating concepts
Study the diagrams shown below. On the lines provided, explain what features the
cactus and the hawk have that allow it to survive in its environment.
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Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________
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4-2 What are fossils? Lesson Review
Write the term that best completes each sentence in the space provided.
1. Species of organisms that are no longer found living are _____________________________________ .
2. The remains or traces of once-living organisms are _________________________________________ .
3. Most fossils are found in layers of ____________________________________________________ rock.
4. An elephant-like animal called a ________________________________ has been found frozen in ice.
5. Insects are often preserved in hardened tree sap called ______________________________________ .
6. When an organism is buried in rock, it decays and leaves a cavity called a _____________________ .
7. When a mold fills with sand or mud and then hardens, a ___________________________ is formed.
8. Sediments are slowly changed to rock as ________________________ forces the sediments together.
Skill Challenge
Skills: identifying, relating concepts
Answer the questions about the drawings shown.
Figure 1
Figure 2
1. What organism is shown in Figure 1? ______________________________________________________
2. In what way is the organism in Figure 1 most likely to be preserved? ___________________________
3. Is the organism in Figure 1 an example of a living or an extinct species? ________________________
4. What organism is shown in Figure 2? ______________________________________________________
5. How is the organism in Figure 2 most likely to be preserved? _________________________________
6. Is the organism in Figure 2 an example of a living species or an extinct species? __________________
Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________
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Kinds of Fossils Enrichment Activity for Lesson 4-2
Skills: comparing, relating
PART A Read the passage. Then, answer the questions that follow.
Molds and Casts Fossils often form when silt or mud covers an organism or part of an organism.
The silt or mud hardens before the organism decays. As the organism decays, a fossil remains. A fossil mold is formed if a cavity is left in rock that has the shape of the organism. A fossil cast forms if sediment fills the mold and then hardens.
1. What is a fossil mold? ____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. What is a fossil cast? _____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3. Is it possible for a fossil cast to form without a fossil mold? Why or why not? ___________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
PART B Identify the fossils below as either a fossil mold or a fossil cast.
1. _____________________________________
2. _____________________________________
Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________
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4-3 What evidence supports evolution? Lesson Review
Complete the following.
1. What does fossil evidence show about Earth’s climate? _______________________________________
2. For what animal is the most complete fossil record available? _________________________________
3. Describe how the horse has evolved. _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4. What are homologous structures? _________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5. Name three homologous structures. _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
6. What are vestigial structures? _____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7. How do scientists know that dogs and bears are closely related? _______________________________
Skill Challenge
Skills: sequencing, generalizing
Place the diagrams of horse evolution below in the correct order by writing the letter A
(earliest horse) through D (most recent horse) in the spaces provided. Then, answer
the question.
______ 1. ______ 2. ______ 3. ______ 4.
5. What generalization can you make about how horses have changed through time? ______________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________
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Radioactive Dating Enrichment Activity for Lesson 4-3
Skills: relating, calculating
PART A Read the passage. Then, answer the questions that follow.
Radioactive Dating
In the 1940s, scientists discovered that radioactive elements can be used to find out how
long ago a fossil organism lived. This method is called radioactive dating. The actual age of a fossil can be identified using it. Radioactive elements give off particles and energy as they
decay. They decay at a fixed rate that can be measured. Scientists measure the rate of
radioactive decay in a unit called a half-life. A half-life is the amount of time needed for one-half of the radioactive element to decay. By measuring the amount of a particular radioactive
element in a fossil, the number of half-lives of the element is found. This is used to calculate the actual age of the fossil.
1. What is radioactive dating? _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. What is a half-life? ______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
OPTIONAL OPTIONAL OPTIONAL OPTIONAL OPTIONAL OPTIONAL
PART B The table below lists the half-lives of certain radioactive elements. Use the
table to answer the questions that follow.
HALF-LIVES
Radioactive Element Half-life
Rubidium–87 50 billion years
Uranium–238 4.5 billion years
Potassium–40 1.3 billion years
Carbon–14 5,770 years
1. What is the half-life of uranium–238? ______________________________________________________
2. Suppose a fossil contained one-half as much carbon–14 as when the organism first formed.
How old is the fossil? ____________________________________________________________________
3. Suppose a rock contained one-fourth as much potassium–40 as when it first formed. How old
is the rock? _____________________________________________________________________________
4. If 10 g of uranium–238 are present now, how much will be left in 4.5 billion years? How much
in 9 billion years? _______________________________________________________________________
5. If 40 g of rubidium–87 are present now, how much will be left in 100 billion years? ______________
Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________
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4-4 What is natural selection?
Lesson Review
PART A Answer the following questions.
1. Who was Jean Baptiste de Lamark? ________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. What was Jean Baptiste de Lamark’s theory about evolution? __________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
PART B The main ideas of Darwin’s theory of natural selection are listed below.
Explain what is meant by each of these ideas.
1. Overproduction: ________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Struggle for Existence: ___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3. Variation: ______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4. Survival of the Fittest: ___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5. Evolution of New Species: _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________
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Skill Challenge Skills: applying concepts, analyzing
Study the diagrams below. Identify how the diagrams relate to Darwin’s ideas about
natural selection.
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___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________
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4-5 How does the environment affect natural selection? Lesson Review. Write true if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the underlined term to make the statement true.
___________________ 1. All organisms must have a living space that provides food, water, and shelter.
___________________ 2. Tigers that are slower and weaker are more likely to catch deer and survive.
___________________ 3. Human activities cannot produce great changes in the living spaces of other organisms.
___________________ 4. Extinction is an example of how harmful materials from factories and cars pollute the air, water, and land.
___________________ 5. After laws were passed in England to reduce air pollution, the number of gray peppered moths rose.
___________________ 6. Extinction is the disappearance of all members of a species.
___________________ 7. The giant panda and the grizzly bear are both examples of extinct species.
Skill Challenge
Skills: identifying, relating concepts
Answer the questions about the drawings shown below.
Gray moth Black moth
1. Which of these moths would be more likely to survive before the Industrial Revolution? __________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which of these moths would be more likely to survive during the Industrial Revolution? _________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3. Which of these moths would be more likely to survive after the 1970s? _________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________
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4-6 How have humans changed over time? Lesson Review. Answer the following.
1. What does Homo sapien mean? ____________________________________________________________
2. What is anthropology? ___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3. About how old is the humanlike skeleton that Donald Johanson found and named Lucy?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4. About how tall was Lucy? ________________________________________________________________
5. List two ways that humans have changed through time. ______________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
6. Name two types of early humans. _________________________________________________________
7. In what ways were Cro-Magnons more like homo sapiens than the Neanderthals? _________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
8. What kind of fossil evidence lead scientists to say that later humanlike species lived
in caves, used fire, and made tools? ________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Skill Challenge. Skills: analyzing, applying concepts, sequencing
Study the human skulls shown below. Then, use what you learned about how
humans have changed through time to place the skulls in order from earliest (A) to
most recent (C). Write the correct letter in the space provided.
_____ 1.
_____ 2.
_____ 3.
4. Explain why you placed the skulls in the sequence you did. ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________
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THE Big IDEA Integrating Earth Science
Chapter 4 What is geologic time?
Lesson Review
Match each term in Column B with its description in Column A. Write the correct
letter in the space provided.
Column A
_________ 1. record of Earth’s history based upon the types of organisms that lived at different times
_________ 2. large division of geologic time
_________ 3. age of something compared to the age of something else
_________ 4. periods are divided into
_________ 5. kind of rock in which fossils form
_________ 6. eras are divided into these
Column B
a. era
b. relative age
c. epoch
d. period
e. sedimentary
f. geologic time scale
Skill Challenge
Skills: analyzing, inferring, synthesizing
Complete the following.
1. What does the clock on page 113 of your text tell you about geologic time? ______________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why do you think coal is called a fossil fuel? ________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3. If you were a geologist far in the future, what ancient artifacts might you find from our time period?
What might these objects tell you about life today? __________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________
17
Chapter 4 Key Term Review Use the clues to complete the crossword puzzle.
Clues
Across
2. science that deals with the study of human
beings
3. hardened tree sap
4. differences in traits among individuals of a
species
7. body structure that seems to have no function
8. remain or trace of a once-living organism
. process by which organisms change over time
Down
1. body parts that have the same basic structure
2. trait that helps an organism survive in its
environment
5. survival of offspring that have favorable traits
(two words)
6. a sudden change in a gene
Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________
18
Study. The chapter test is next. See HW Calendar for test date. The test is also attached on HW Calendar. Don’t use notes or answer key while taking the test. Take the test as you would if in school.
The Unit Test will be attached to HW Calendar Take the test in one sitting on assigned day. The test is your science for the day. Correcting Use a different color to correct your test using the key that will be attached to the HW Calendar.
OR A better option Correcting If possible, have someone else correct your test. They should ONLY mark in color those answers that are incorrect. Then use your notes and textbook to correct any answer you missed.
Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________
19
PACKET ANSWER KEY 12-4 How do living things interact? Lesson Review
1. limited 2. Competition 3. more 4. less 5. predation 6. a predator 7. Symbiosis 8. can 9. more 10. prey
Skill Challenge
Competition: Animals that are better adapted to conditions in the habitat are more likely to survive and reproduce.
Predation: Predators are more likely to catch, kill, and eat weak or unhealthy animals, leaving the strongest members
of the prey population to reproduce and pass on their traits to their offspring. Symbiosis: Possible answer:
Organisms may help each other remain strong.
12-6 What are adaptations? Lesson Review
1. trait of a living thing that helps it survive in its environment 2. It allows us to do many things that help us to
survive in our environment. 3. Blubber allows whales to live in very cold environments. 4. The stem stores water,
and the spines keep the cactus from losing too much water. 5. an adaptation that makes an organism look like its
environment so that predators or prey cannot see it 6. an adaptation that guards organisms against predators 7. an
adaptation that animals use to warn other animals not to eat them using color. 8. an adaptation that makes an animal
look like another more dangerous animal.
Skill Challenge
Possible answers: 1. coloration of cheetah, stripes on zebra, katydid changes 2. cactus needles, porcupine quills, whale
blubber 3. bright colors on some wasps, frogs, and butterflies 4. pattern on viceroy butterfly, moth resembling a
wasp, fly resembling a bee
CHAPTER 4: LIFE CHANGES OVER TIME 4-1 What is evolution? Lesson Review
1. evolution 2. true 3. an adaptation 4. true 5. true 6. harmful
Skill Challenge
The spines help the cactus retain water by fending off animals that would eat the plant for its water. The ridges help
the cactus retain water by creating shade from the sun on much of the cactus’s surface. The hawk was a hooked beak
and sharp claws for catching and killing prey and sharp eyesight to see prey while flying high above.
4-2 What are fossils? Lesson Review
1. extinct 2. fossils 3. sedimentary 4. mammoth 5. amber 6. mold 7. cast 8. great pressure
Skill Challenge
1. mammoth 2. in ice 3. an extinct species 4. Possible answers: insect or fly 5. in amber 6. a living species
4-2 What are fossils? Enrichment Activity: Kinds of Fossils PART A
1. cavity in a rock that has the shape of a buried organism 2. copy of a fossil made from sediment that hardened
inside a fossil mold 3. no, because the sediments that harden into a cast must be shaped by a mold
PART B
1. fossil cast 2. fossil mold
Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________
20
4-3 What evidence supports evolution? Lesson Review
1. Earth’s climate has changed many times throughout Earth’s history. 2. the horse 3. The horse evolved from a
species called Eohippus, which had toed feet, to Mesohippus, which was larger, to Merychippus, which was larger still
with split hooves, to Equus, the modern horse. The horse’s tooth and skull size have increased over time as well.
4. body parts that have a similar structure 5. lion’s foreleg, bat’s wing, and dolphin’s flipper 6. body structures that
seem to have no function 7. They have very similar DNA.
4-3 What evidence supports evolution? (continued)
Skill Challenge
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. Each species has grown larger.
4-3 What evidence supports evolution? Enrichment Activity: Radioactive Dating PART A
1. determining the actual age of a fossil by measuring the amount of a radioactive element remaining in the fossil
2. amount of time needed for one-half of a radioactive element to break down
PART B
1. 4.5 billion years 2. 5,770 years 3. 2.6 billion years 4. 5 g; 2.5 g 5. 10 g
4-4 What is natural selection? Lesson Review PART A
1. Jean Baptise de Lamark was one of the first scientists to develop a theory of evolution. 2. Lamark hypothesized that
all organisms developed new characteristics to help them adapt to their surroundings. Then, they passed on those
adapted traits to their offspring.
PART B
1. Each species produces more offspring than can survive. Not all can survive because there is not enough food or
living space for all. 2. The offspring of each generation compete for things that they need to survive. Only a few will
live long enough to reproduce. The others will die. 3. The offspring of each generation are not exactly alike. For
example, some organisms are faster or stronger than others. 4. Some variations make organisms better suited for
survival in their environments. These organisms are more likely to survive and reproduce than are others.
5. Individuals with favorable variations survive and reproduce. They pass their favorable traits to their offspring.
Therefore, their offspring are more likely to survive and reproduce in the next generation.
Skill Challenge
The pictures show an overproduction of mice, which causes a struggle for existence. A variation occurs, making some
mice larger than others. These mice win battles for food, causing the smaller mice to die out. The new larger mice
make a new species.
4-5 How does the environment affect natural selection? Lesson Review
1. true 2. stronger and faster 3. can 4. Pollution 5. true 6. true 7. endangered
Skill Challenge
1. gray moth 2. black moth 3. gray moth
4-6 How have humans changed over time?
Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________
21
Lesson Review
1. wise human 2. science that deals with the study of humans 3. about 3.5 million years 4. about 1 meter 5. They
have gotten larger; the size of their skulls has increased. 6. Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons 7. Unlike Neanderthals,
Cro-Magnons lived together in large groups and were skilled hunters and toolmakers. Cro-Magnons had a more
highly developed society in which people had more specialized jobs, such as hunters and toolmakers. 8. Scientists
found drawings on the wall of caves and fossils of simple tools and burnt wood.
Skill Challenge
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. Possible answer: Skull A is the smallest of the three, indicating that it is the oldest. Skull B is larger
than A and has a larger brain case. Skull C is the largest of the three, indicating that it is the most recent.
The Big Idea Lesson Review 1. f 2. a 3. b 4. c 5. e 6. d
Skill Challenge
1. The Precambrian Era has been the longest era so far. The current era, the Cenozoic Era, has not lasted very
long in comparison. 2. Coal is made from the fossilized remains of ancient plants. 3. Possible answers:
Artifacts may include remains of cell phones, eye glasses, snowboards, roller blades, and computers. These
objects would indicate that humans were able to make many complex products themselves.
CHAPTER 4: LIFE CHANGES OVER TIME Key Term Review Across
2. anthropology 3. amber 4. variation 7. vestigal 8. fossil 9. evolution
Down
1. homologous 2. adaptation 5. natural selection 6. mutation
Unit Test Key will be attached to the HW Calendar.