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Name:________________________________________ Class: APBIO / Rozema 3rd Hour

Unit 2: Ecology Review

Multiple Choice

1. The high level of pesticides in birds of prey is an example of:

a. The principle of exclusion

b. Cycling of nutrients by decomposers

c. Exponential Growth

d. Biological Magnification

2. Which of the following best explains why they are usually no more than five trophic levels in a food chain?

a. There are not enough organisms to fill more than five levels.

b. There is too much competition among the organisms at the lower levels to support more animals at

higher levels.

c. The statement is not true; There can be unlimited trophic levels.

d. Energy is lost at each trophic level.

3. Which of the following is not an abiotic factor?

a. Air

b. Water

c. Decomposers

d. Temperature

4. Which of the following encompasses all the others?

a. Ecosystem

b. Community

c. Population

d. Individual

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5. Which portion of the diagram best describes K-Strategists?

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. None of the above

6. Which portion of the diagram best describes Starfish, who fertilize externally and do not parent the offspring?

a. A

b. B

c. C d. None of the above

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7. Which portion of the diagram best describes an organism that fertilizes externally?

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. None of the above

8. Which portion of the diagram best describes an organism that invests a lot of energy in parenting?

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. None of the above

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9. A species described as R-Strategist would definitely NOT have which of the following characteristics?

a. Clumped population pattern

b. Much parenting

c. Many offspring

d. Random population pattern

10. Which of the following is a density independent factor limiting human population growth?

a. Famine

b. Disease

c. Competition for food

d. Naturally occurring fires

11. What would most likely be the cause of bushes of one species growing in one area in a uniform spacing

pattern?

a. Random distribution of seeds

b. Interactions among individuals in the population

c. Chance

d. The varied nutrient supplies in that area

12. Animals from 2 different species utilize the same source of nutrition in one area. It is most accurate to say

that the animals…

a. Will learn to get along

b. Will compete for food

c. Will die because there will not be enough food for both of them

d. Will learn to eat different foods

13. Two animals live together in close association. One benefits, while the other is unaware of the first animal.

The relationship is best described as…

a. Parasitism

b. Mutualism

c. Commensalism d. Predation

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14. Which species is the producer?

a. A

b. B

c. C d. D

15. A toxic pollutant would be found in highest concentrations in which species?

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. D

16. Which would have the greatest biomass?

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. D

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17. Which would have the smallest biomass?

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. D

18. Which letter in the diagram below, shows a mature, well-established population in favorable conditions?

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. D

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19. Which letter in the diagram below, shows the carrying capacity of the environment?

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. D

20. Which of the following about population growth would be most likely over the next 20years, using the diagram below?

a. The population will decrease slowly.

b. The population will decrease rapidly.

c. The population will increase slowly.

d. The population will increase rapidly.

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21. Which of the following situations about the country, would be most likely to occur in the near future, according to the diagram below?

a. With increased numbers of people entering higher education, advances in technology will supply better

health care.

b. With an increase in the number of employed, the overall wealth of the country will increase.

c. There will be an increase in the number of frail and elderly people.

d. There will be a decline in the number of frail and elderly people.

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22.

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Eurasian watermilfoil was accidentally introduced into North America from Europe. It spread westward into inland lakes

primarily by boats and water birds. It reached Midwestern states between the 1950s and 1980s. In nutrient-rich lakes,

it can form thick, underwater stands of tangled stems and vast mats of vegetation at the water ’s surface. In shallow

areas, the plant can interfere with water recreation such as boating, fishing, and swimming. The plant ’s floating canopy

can also crowd out important native water plants. A key factor in the plant’s success is its ability to reproduce through

stem fragmentation and runners. A single segment of stem and leaves can take root and form a new colony. Fragments

clinging to boats and trailers can spread the plant from lake to lake. The mechanical clearing of aquatic plants for beaches, docks, and landings creates thousands of new stem fragments and new plants.

23. Which of the following graphs would most accurately show what will happen to the number of different

native species in the affected lakes in the next 5 years if the milfoil remains?

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24. A Midwest town decided to treat their milfoil infested shallow lake with a chemical that would target milfoil and

leave any native plants unaffected. The treatment was carried out late in the growing season when people

could no longer swim or boat in the lake because the milfoil had grown so dense. The treatment worked well.

Within one week, all the milfoil had turned brown and died, and had fallen to the bottom of the lake. Which of

the following would be the most likely immediate consequence of the lake treatment?

a. Oxygen levels would decrease because of increased bacterial decomposition causing fish to die.

b. Native species would also die because of residual toxins in the lake.

c. Oxygen levels would increase because with the milfoil gone, photosynthesis would increase.

d. Carbon dioxide levels would decrease because of increased photosynthesis carried out by a sudden

increase in the native plant population.

25. Water climate diagrams summarize the climate for a region. Average temperature i s shown on the left axis,

precipitation on the right axis, and months of the year on the x-axis. Assuming that a major limiting factor for

plant growth is availability of water, choose the graph below that depicts the region with the best conditions

for plant growth.

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26. Mosquitoes resistant to the pesticide DDT first appeared in India in 1959 within 15 years of widespread

spraying of the insecticide. Which of the following statements best explains how the resistant mosquitoes

arose?

a. Some mosquitoes experienced a mutation after being exposed to DDT that made them resistant to the

insecticide. Then their population expanded because these mosquitoes had no competition.

b. Some mosquitoes were already resistant to DDT when DDT was first sprayed. Then the ir population

expanded because all the susceptible mosquitoes had been exterminated.

c. DDT is generally a very effective insecticide. One can only conclude that it was manufactured

improperly.

d. Although DDT is effective against a wide range of insects, it is not effective against mosquitoes.

27. You carry out an experiment to study transpiration in plants, using a two week old bean plant. You set up a

photometer by cutting the stem of a plant and securing it into clear flexible tubing that has been tightly

connected to a calibrated pipette. Water fills the photometer from the plant stem to the tip of the pipette.

You measure water loss from your photometer at 10 minute intervals and plot your data on the graph as Line

B.

You then explore what happens if you expose the plant to different conditions. Which of the following

statements is correct based on proposed changes to the photometer?

a. Increasing the green wavelengths of light will increase the rate of transpiration and account for Line A

on the graph.

b. Placing a plastic bag over the plant will increase the rate of transpiration and account for Line A.

c. Placing a fan near the plant will decrease the rate of transpiration and account for Line C.

d. Painting the upper leaf surface of most of the leaves with clear nail polish will decrease the rate of transpiration and account for Line C.

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28. Referring back to #27; Which of the following is NOT correct about transpiration in plants?

a. Water moves upwards from the roots to the shoots in the xylem by active transport from an area of high

osmotic potential to an area of low osmotic potential.

b. Plants lose water through stomates in their leaves.

c. The movement of water through a plant is facilitated by the physical and chemical properties of the

water itself.

d. Placing a container of water between the light source and the plant is necessary to prevent the introduction of heat as a second variable in the experiment.

29. Which of the following statements is supported by the information presented in the graph, which shows a

comparison of two regions in Oregon, one deforested and the other undisturbed?

a. Roots of plants are efficient at absorbing nitrates from the soil.

b. Variation in the amount of nitrate in stream water is due to periods of intense rain.

c. Replanting trees after an area has been clear cut can prevent nitrate runoff into rivers. d. The presence of trees in an area causes an increase of nitrates in the soil.

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30. Here is a food web for a habitat that is threatened by developers who will remove three fourths of the grass

in the area on which the mice and rabbits feed.

Which of the following statements describes what will most likely happen to the wildlife in the area?

a. The hawk will begin to eat frogs instead of snakes and mice.

b. Since three trophic levels are shown in the food web, 75% of the organisms in this food web will di e.

c. Based on the number of trophic levels, about 25% of the mice and rabbits will die.

d. The hawk population will decrease.

31. The pH of two lakes is measured. Lake A has a pH of 8.0; Lake B has a pH of 6.0. Which of the following

statements is correct about these lakes?

a. Lake B is alkaline.

b. Lake B is 100 times more alkaline than Lake A.

c. The hydrogen ion concentration of Lake B is 104 M.

d. The pH of both lakes will decrease in response to acid rain.

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32.

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33. Assume that the producer level in this food pyramid contains 100,000 J of energy. Which of the following statements correctly describes the flow of energy in this system?

a. Trophic Level II contains 100,000 J of energy.

b. Trophic Level II contains 1,000 J of energy.

c. Trophic Level III contains 1,000 J of energy. d. No energy remains for Trophic Level IV.

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34.

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Credit Citation: Questions sampled from Barron’s AP Biology 6th Edition (by Deborah T. Goldberg), Pearson Education Test Prep Series for AP Biology (by F.Holtzclaw and T.Holtzclaw), and The Princeton Review 550 AP Biology Practice Questions (by the Staff of the Princeton Review).