namas and agriculture
DESCRIPTION
Authors: Heather Jacobs, Francesco Tubiello, Rocío Cóndor FAO -- Climate, Energy and Tenure Division Asia Pacific Regional Workshop on NAMAs Vientiane, Laos 22-25 April, 2014 1. Agriculture is an important socio-economic sector 2. Agriculture is an important GHG emitter 3. Synergies between Mitigation, Adaptation and Food Security: An opportunity for agriculture NAMAsTRANSCRIPT
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NAMAs and Agriculture
Heather Jacobs Francesco Tubiello Rocío Cóndor FAO -- Climate, Energy and Tenure Division
Asia Pacific Regional Workshop on NAMAs Vientiane, Laos 22-25 April, 2014
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1. Agriculture is an important socio-economic sector
• GDP: The agricultural sector constitutes a substantial portion of GDP in many developing countries, contributing significantly to export earnings and employment
• Average percent share of agriculture in GDP (World Bank, 2013):
– Africa 23% – Asia 22% – Latin America 10% – High-income developed countries 3-4%
• Agriculture provides jobs for about two-thirds of these populations -- economic health is linked to the prosperity of farming communities
• NAMAs can assist countries in maintaining and enhancing agricultural productivity.
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Agriculture GDP share, Asia-Pacific
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
Source: World Bank, 2010
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2. Agriculture is an important GHG emitter
Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use Emissions by Sources and Removals by Sinks, 1990 – 2011 Analysis, FAO http://www.fao.org/docrep/019/i3671e/i3671e.pdf
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Why is AFOLU important for NAMAs?
• The share of agriculture emissions to total AFOLU net emissions remained constant over 1990-2010 -- 62%
• By contrast, the share of agriculture to AFOLU emissions by sources (excluding FOLU sinks) increased, from 44% in the 1990s to 50% in the 2000s
-3,000
-2,000
-1,000
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
Agriculture Net Forest Conversion
Cultivation of Organic Soils and Peat Fires
Biomass Fires Forest
MtC
O2e
q
AFOLU Sources and Sinks, 2001-2010, by sub-sector
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3. Synergies between Mitigation, Adaptation and Food Security: An opportunity for agriculture NAMAs
q Integration of mitigation, adaptation and resilience, including food security goals, could help further leverage funding, as the agriculture sector presents a potential opportunity to integrate NAMAs/NAPs • Joint adaptation and mitigation options include:
» Measures that reduce soil degradation » Measures that reduce leaching of N and phosphorus » Increased diversity of crop rotations » Agroforestry practice
q Agriculture offers significant opportunity to link adaptation, resilience, mitigation and food security goals into one coherent package
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Current Status of agriculture NAMAs: Still some way to go
6
46
11
41
103
124
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
UNFCCC NAMA Registry UNEP Risoe NAMA Pipeline (Submissions of Intent to
UNFCCC)
ECOFYS NAMA Database
Agriculture/Forestry NAMAs All NAMAs
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FAO Findings: Barriers to Agriculture NAMAs
• Most barriers are not specific to GHG mitigation -- they also hinder other agricultural development objectives
• Agriculture has received a small proportion of climate financing • Data:
Ø Availability is lacking Ø Uncertainty is high Ø Public official data not sufficient Ø Data discrepancies between agencies/ministries and reports Ø Gaps in disaggregated data
• Obstacles in domestic policies • Inter-institutional coordination is weak • Lack of readiness in agricultural sector – and the need to address
farmers’ concerns and equity considerations
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National GHG Inventories, Baselines, and MRV
• Improved data collection and sound GHG emission inventories within robust National data systems enable development of baselines and MRV of NAMAs
• To identify emissions hotspots and develop GHG
baselines, adequate data are necessary; Non-Annex 1 countries may have large gaps
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Some FAO contributions § Preliminary NAMA Analysis § NAMA Guidelines for Agriculture
Ø National integrated mitigation planning in agriculture: A review paper http://www.fao.org/docrep/017/i3237e/i3237e.pdf
Ø National planning for GHG mitigation in agriculture:
A guidance document http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3324e/i3324e.pdf
§ GHG Data and analysis tools linked to National GHG
Inventory Processes, including BURs and baseline projections
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Addressing Data and Ins3tu3onal Gaps FAOSTAT Emissions database for AFOLU Released on Apr 14th 2014, contributes to IPCC AR5 WGIII • Platform containing domains for AFOLU GHG emissions at global,
regional, and national level (identification of hotspots, baselines, projections)
• Four dimensions of applicability: 1) Global and regional assessments 2) Filling data gaps and building capacity 3) QA/QC of national data 4) Development of indicators
Regional Workshops on Statistics for GHG emissions • Assist Member countries with agricultural data collection in order to
prepare BURs and NAMAs; provides exchange of experiences between countries
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Asia: Enteric Fermentation by Animal Type Average 2000-2010
Source: FAOSTAT, 2013
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
MtC
O2e
q
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Asia – Enteric Fermentation by Animal Type Average 2000-2010
42% Dairy Ca<le
35% Non-‐Dairy Ca<le
16% Sheep
16% Buffaloes
10% Dairy Ca<le
10% Goats
51% Non-‐Dairy Ca<le
9% Sheep
Central Asia
Eastern Asia
39% Buffaloes
18% Dairy Ca<le
7% Goats
31% Non-‐Dairy Ca<le
4% Sheep
South Asia
27% Buffaloes
6%
Dairy Ca<le 4%
Goats
61% Non-‐Dairy Ca<le
Southeast Asia
3% Camels
37% Dairy Ca<le
7% Goats
29% Non-‐Dairy Ca<le
21% Sheep
Western Asia
Source: FAOSTAT, 2013
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Trends and BASELINE Projections
62% Enteric Fermentation
24%
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2030 2050
MtCO2eq
Asia: Agriculture by Category, 2000-2050
Burning - crop residues Burning - Savanna Crop Residues
Enteric Fermentation Manure applied to Soils Manure left on Pasture
Manure Management Rice Cultivation Synthetic Fertilizers
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Capacity Development Activities • Technical Capacities
- Assess and report GHG emissions from AFOLU activities (Biennial Update Reports)
- Identify mitigation options, including Nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs)
• Functional Capacities - Access, generate, manage and exchange information and
knowledge towards robust GHG inventory, BURs, NAMA, and national data systems
- Collaborate with relevant national and international agencies and institutions for efficient support to countries
• Three levels: Regional (workshops); Sub-regional (Mesoamerica) National (Ecuador, Colombia, Indonesia, and 27 countries using FAOSTAT)
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Conclusions • Agriculture is a key sector in developing countries: large share of
agricultural GDP; large employer; engine of rural development • Agriculture (and Forestry and other land uses) is a key emission
sector globally and especially in developing countries • NAMAs should capitalize on opportunities to achieve national
mitigation planning alongside rural development and food security goals, exploring linked financial opportunities
• National GHG inventories based on robust data are necessary for the development of baselines and the identification of emissions hotspots and mitigation targets, hence for NAMA MRVs
• FAO supports member countries with a range of products, including guidelines and GHG data products such as the FAOSTAT Emissions database
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For more informa3on
Financed by:
FAO -Monitoring and Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mitigation Potential in Agriculture (MAGHG): [email protected] FAO/MAGHG web site: http://www.fao.org/climatechange/micca/ghg/en/ http://www.fao.org/climatechange/micca/ghg/fr/ http://www.fao.org/climatechange/micca/ghg/es/ FAOSTAT web site: http://faostat.fao.org FAOSTAT emission database (English, French and Spanish): Emissions – Agriculture http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/download/G1/*/E Emissions – Land Use http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/download/G2/*/E Report of the Second FAO Workshop on Statistics for Greenhouse Gas Emissions 03 - 04 June 2013, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3397e/i3397e.pdf Report of the Third FAO Regional Workshop on Statistics for Greenhouse Gas Emissions 02 - 03 December 2013, Casablanca, Morocco http://www.fao.org/docrep/019/i3624e/i3624e.pdf
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Thank you!
Contact: [email protected] MAGHG: www.fao.org/climatechange/micca/ghg FAOSTAT: http://faostat.fao.org
Financed by: