Iraq and PersiaIraq and Persiaفارس و العراق فارس فتوح و العراق فتوح

Nahawand (Nehavend)Nahawand (Nehavend)

• Omar ordered Muslims to stop at Zagarus Mountains

• Yazdajred gathers his forces in the mountainous city of Nahawand. 150,000 fighters led by Fairuzan.

• Omar decides to fight a decisive battle.

Nahawand (Nehavend)Nahawand (Nehavend)• Omar ordered Muslims to gather and march to

Nahawand:

– Al-Numan bin Mukren: General Commander

– Huzayfa bin Al-Yaman: Commander of Kufa soldiers

– Abu-Musa Al-Ash’ari: Commander of Basra soldiers

– Abdullah bin Omar: Commander of Al-Muhajirin and Ansar

• 30,000 fighters.

20th Hijra642 AD CE

20th Hijra642 AD CE

Al-Numaan bin Mukren

Abu Musa Al-Ash’ari

Huzayfa bin Al-Yaman

Abdullah bin Omar

20th Hijra642 AD CE

Al-Numaan bin Mukren

Abu Musa Al-Ash’ari

Huzayfa bin Al-Yaman

Abdullah bin Omar

20th Hijra642 AD CE

Hurmuzan fortified Nahawand well

Hurmuzan fortified Nahawand well

Attempts to break in are futile

Attempts to break in are futile

Tulayha comes up with a plan

Al-Qua’qua’

Al-Numan

Al-Qua’qua’

Al-Numan

Al-Qua’qua’

Al-Numan

Al-Qua’qua’

Al-Numan

Al-Qua’qua’

Al-Numan

Al-Qua’qua’

Al-Numan

Al-Numan

Al-Numan

Al-Numan

Al-Numan

Al-Numan

Al-Numan

Al-Numan

Al-Numan

Al-Numan

Al-Numan

Al-Numan is martyred

Al-Numan is martyred

Rest of Persia

• Al-Ahnaf convinses Omar to continue the advance until Yazdajred is defeated and the Persian Empire is finished.

• Nahawand was a key victory.

Hamadan22 H

Rayy22 H

Azerbaijan22 H

QuizvinAl-Bab22 H

Khurasan22 H

Omar’s Conquests

Effect of Islam on ConquestsEffect of Islam on Conquests

• The values and meanings of Al-Jihad

• The influence of Quran on the Muslim soldier

Jihad is rewarded by Allah SWT• because nothing could they suffer

or do, but was reckoned to their credit as a deed of righteousness, - whether they suffered thirst, or fatigue, or hunger, in the Cause of Allah, or trod paths to raise the ire of the Unbelievers, or received any injury whatever from an enemy - for Allah suffereth not the reward to be lost of those who do good.

• Nor could they spend anything (for the Cause) - small or great - nor cut across a valley, but the deed is inscribed to their credit; that Allah may requite their deed with the best (possible reward).

• Al-Tawba 9:120-121

Jihad is the Profitable Trade• [10] O ye who believe! Shall I

lead you to a bargain that will save you from a grievous Penalty?

• [11] That ye believe in Allah and His Messenger, and that ye strive (your utmost) in the Cause of Allah, with your property and your persons: that will be best for you, if ye but knew!

• [12] He will forgive you your sins, and admit you to Gardens beneath which rivers flow, and to beautiful mansions in Gardens of Eternity: that is indeed the supreme Achievement.

• Al-Saf 61:10-12

Jihad is Certain VictoryJihad is Certain Victory

• Say: "Can you expect for us (any fate) other than one of two glorious things (martyrdom or victorymartyrdom or victory)? But we can expect for you either that Allah will send His punishment from Himself, or by our hands. So wait (expectant); we too will wait with you.“

• Al-Tawba 9:52

Martyrdom is Eternal LifeMartyrdom is Eternal Life• [169] Think not of those who

are slain in Allah's Way as dead. Nay, they live, finding their sustenance in the Presence of their Lord;

• [170] They rejoice in the Bounty provided by Allah: and with regard to those left behind, who have not yet joined them (in their bliss), the (Martyrs) glory in the fact that on them is no fear, nor have they (cause to) grieve.

• [171] They glory in the Grace and the Bounty from Allah, and in the fact that Allah suffers not the reward of the Faithful to be lost (in the least).

• Al-Umran 3:169-171

The High Goal of JihadThe High Goal of Jihad

• 74] Let those fight in the cause of Allah who sell the life of this world for the Hereafter, To him who fights in the cause of Allah - whether he is slain or gets victory - soon shall We give him a reward of great (value).

• [75] And why should you not fight in the cause of Allah and of those who, being weak, are ill-treated (and oppressed)? Men, women, and children, whose cry is: "Our Lord! rescue us from this town, whose people are oppressors; and raise for us from thee one who will protect; and raise for us from thee one who will help!

• [76] Those who believe fight in the cause of Allah, and those who reject Faith fight in the cause of Evil: so fight ye against the friends of Satan: feeble indeed is the cunning of Satan. An-Nisa 4:74-76

The Way of Allah in ConquestsThe Way of Allah in Conquests

• 1- Preparedness:• [60] Against them make ready

your strength to the utmost of your power, including steeds of war, to strike fear into (the hearts of) the enemies of Allah and your enemies, and others besides, whom you may not know, but whom Allah does know. Whatever you shall spend in the Cause of Allah, shall be repaid unto you, and you shall not be treated unjustly.

• Al-Anfal 8:60

The Way of Allah in ConquestsThe Way of Allah in Conquests

• 2- Tests and Trials:• 214] Or do ye think that ye

shall enter the Garden (of Bliss) without such (trials) as came to those who passed away before you? They encountered suffering and adversity, and were so shaken in spirit that even the Messenger and those of faith who were with him cried: "When (will come) the help of Allah" ah! verily, the help of Allah is (always) near!

• Al-Baqara 2:214• (Battle of Al-Jisr, like Uhud

before)

The Way of Allah in ConquestsThe Way of Allah in Conquests

• 3- Tyrants and Transgressors’ end:

• [100] These are some of the stories of communities, which We relate unto you: of them some are still standing, and some have been mown down (by the sickle of time).

• [101] It was not that We wronged them: they wronged their own souls: the deities, other than Allah, whom they invoked, profited them no whit when there issued the decree of your Lord: nor did they add aught (to their lot) but perdition!

• [102] Such is the chastisement of your Lord when He chastises communities in the midst of their wrong: grievous, indeed, and severe is His chastisement !

• Hud 11:100-102

The Way of Allah in ConquestsThe Way of Allah in Conquests

• 4- Sinners’ end:

• 6] See they not how many of those before them We did destroy? - Generations We had established on the earth, in strength such as We have not given to you - for whom we poured out rain from the skies in abundance, and gave (fertile) streams flowing beneath their (feet): Yet for their sins We destroyed them, and raised in their wake fresh generations (to succeed them).

• Al-An’am 6:6

The Way of Allah in ConquestsThe Way of Allah in Conquests

• 4- Sinners’ end:

• 6] See they not how many of those before them We did destroy? - Generations We had established on the earth, in strength such as We have not given to you - for whom we poured out rain from the skies in abundance, and gave (fertile) streams flowing beneath their (feet): Yet for their sins We destroyed them, and raised in their wake fresh generations (to succeed them).

• Al-An’am 6:6

The Way of Allah in ConquestsThe Way of Allah in Conquests• 5- Change starts in

the Hearts of believers:

• 11] For each (such person) there are (angels) in succession. Before and behind him: they guard him by command of Allah. Verily Verily never will Allah change the never will Allah change the condition of a people until condition of a people until they change it themselves they change it themselves (with their own souls).(with their own souls). But when (once) Allah wills a people's punishment, there can be no turning it back, nor will they find, besides Him, any to protect.

• Al-Ra’d 13:11

Did Islam spread by the Sword?Did Islam spread by the Sword?

• Islamic FactsIslamic Facts: No compulsion in : No compulsion in Religion (2:256)Religion (2:256)

• Historical FactsHistorical Facts: Protection of other : Protection of other religions under Islamic rule. Large religions under Islamic rule. Large Christian and Jewish communities Christian and Jewish communities flourished under Islamic rule. flourished under Islamic rule. Historical documents and treaties. Historical documents and treaties.

• Common Sense FactsCommon Sense Facts: Largest : Largest Muslim population in countries not Muslim population in countries not conquered militarily. conquered militarily.

Fact remains that people were attracted to Islam because of the Fact remains that people were attracted to Islam because of the message of fairness and mercy, contrasted with the tyranny of message of fairness and mercy, contrasted with the tyranny of their rulestheir rules.

Omar’s Genius in LeadershipOmar’s Genius in Leadership• Choosing Leaders and Commanders.

• Sticking to the way of Allah.

• Preserving the rights of commanders.

• Preserving the rights of soldiers

• Protecting the borders: Posts الثغور

• Establishing Islamic Da’wa: Masajid

Results of Omar’s Conquest Policy

• Eliminating Sasanian Persian Empire and its danger, and containing the Byzantine Empire

• Establishing the Muslim Umma and a new world power and a force to be reckoned with.

• Establishing a new kind of leadership, the world did not know before:– JUSTICE – EQUALITY– RULING ACCORDING TO THE LAW OF ALLAH