nadi 1
TRANSCRIPT
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NADI PAREEKSHA
(PULSE DIAGNOSIS )
IN AYURVEDA – GREAT TOOL FOR PHYSICIANS
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INTRODUCTION
No physical sign - more basic or important than the arterial pulse .
The most fundamental sign of life .
Even today under emergency clinical conditions the modern physician frequently records the pulse .
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NEED OF PULSE EXAMINATION
Is the examination of pulse any significance ?
Will the pulse examination become an outdated procedure of only historical importance ?
यथा वीणागता तन्त्री सवाान ्रागान ्प्रभाषते । तथा हस्तगता नाडी सवाान ्रोगान ्प्रकाशते ॥ (योगरत्नाकर)
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WHAT IS PULSE READING ?
दशानस्पशानप्रश्नै: परीक्षते च रोगगणम ्। (अ.ह्र.स.ू१)
Sucessful pulse reading involves touching, feeling, observing and experiencing the rate, rhythm, and volume of the pulse.
Also its movement, amplitude, temperature, force, and consistency in the body.
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ASHTASTHANA PAREEKSHA
रोगाक्रान्त्तशरीरस्य स्थानान्त्यष्टौ ननरीक्षयेत ्। नाडी मूर ंमलं जिहवां शब्दं स्पश ंदगॄाकॄनत: ||
• Nadi (pulse)
• Mutra(urine)
• Mala(stools)
• Jihwa(tongue)
• Sabda(voice)
• Sparsa (touch)
• Drik(sight)
• Akriti(facial expression)
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WHY ?
It is sign of life
Illustrates all types of disease progression .
Helps to detect -Ongoing physiological changes
Imbalances in human body , Inhance digestion ,
Verify levels of Aama in pulse ,Imbalance in Agni.
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LITERATURE REVIEW IN AYURVEDA
Atharavaveda contains description of Nadi’s
Upanishada – in which Prashnaupanishada mentioned Seventy two crore Nadi’s
Similarly in Kathoupnishada that from heart hundred Nadi’s are originated.
Charaka in the Indryiasthana - cessation of pulsation of ever pulsating Manya (carotid artery) ,is the indicative of death.
In Sushrut Samhita Sharirsthana Nadi’s are called as Sarvadoshavaha .
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Harit-samhita , 4th chapter of second section describes normal pulse rate of the body which is Trishadvaram (thirty).
But the first time it was Sharangadhara who introduced the Nadi Pareeksha as a another branch in Ayurveda.
Acharyas Bhavaprakasha(15th century AD.)
Yogaratnakara (16th century AD.)
Vasavarajeeyam (17th century AD.)
Kanada and Ravana.
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
knowledge of the pulse is limited only to know the condition of heart,
but there is no information available about procedure of pulse examination
signs of pulse with reference to diagnosis and prognosis.
pulse according to their length , breadth, depth .
Pulse has been described only in qualitative form
there is no where reference to its counting.
Egyptian pulse lore Greek pulse lore
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Their entire superstructure of practice is built upon the theory of pulse.
Pulse is based on Yang –Yin and Superficial –Deep principle.
They also observed pulse variations under the influence of seasons, age, sex of the patient
based on principles of Greek medicine
Chinese pulse lore Arabic pulse lore
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TANTRIK PULSE LORE
Siddha’s belonging to the school of Shaiva –Agama Tantrism developed medicine including pulse lore
From review of Tantrik literature - some are of opinion of theoretical knowledge of Indian pulse lore has been derived from pre-existing pulse lore of Tantrik literature of India
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SYNONYMS FOR NADI
Nadi , snayu , hansi , hinsra ,
Dhamani , dharani , dhara,
Tantuki , jivitajnya , jivanajnyana,
Vasa , sira
Nadipariksha Kala
first three hours of morning
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PULSE EXAMINATION - METHOD
Physician should be in state of mental stability and peace of soul and mind.
Should examine by his right hand the pulse lying one finger in breadth below from the root of the thumb.
The elbow(Kurpar) of the patient should be slightly flexed to the left
The wrist slightly bent to the left with the fingers distended and dispersed.
In female pulse of left hand and left leg
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In male pulse of right hand and right leg should be examined.
The physician should press the artery lightly with his three fingers for three times by giving and releasing the pressure alternately over it
Finger Tarjani
(index
finger)
Madhya
ma(midd
le finger)
Aanamik
a(ring
finger)
Dosa Vata Pitta Kapha
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ANIMAL MOVEMENTS CORRELATION
Vatika Pulse
• Snake movement
• Rate of the pulse should be fast
Leech movement
• Volume - Smallest
• Character - Curvillinear
Paittika Pulse
• Character – bounding in nature
• Rate – relatively slower than Vatika
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Kaphaja Pulse
• Amplitude – intermediate between Vatika &
• Paittika pulse
Kaphaja Pulse
• Rate – would be slowest.
Sannipattika Pulse
• Rate – would be rapid.
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Vatika Jaloka-Sarpa gati (snake-leech like movement)
Paittika Kulinga-Kaka-Manduka (sparow-crow-frog like movement)
Kaphaja Hansa –Paravat gati (swan-pigeon like movement)
When any two Doshas are in combination
Kadachitmandagamana –
kadachitvegavahini
(alternately slow and fast)
When all three Doshas are involved Lava –Titir-Varti(lark-quail-patridge like movement)
Death Slips from its normal postion
Aatikshina (slow) & sheeta(cold)
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DVIDOSHAJA PRAKOPA
Dosa prakopa Fingers
Vata-pitta prakopa Below index and middle finger
Vata-kapha prakopa Below index and ring finger
Pitta- kapha prakopa Middle and ring finger
When all three Dosa involved Pulse is felt under all three fingers
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NADIPAREEKSHA NISHEDHAKALA (CONTRAINDICATION)
just after bath,
in hungry or thirsty states,
just from the sun ,
tired due to exercise ,
during sleep & just after awakening,
patient has anointed with oil,
when patient has taken his meals,
after intercourse
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8 NADI’S FOR EXAMINATION
Karangaushtamula nadi - indigestion, Aamdosha and vitiated Vata,Pitta , Kapha
Padagulpha nadi
Kathanadi- Aagantuka jwara, Bhaya, shoka , krodha
Nasamulagata nadi- indicate life, death, eye disorders, headache, ear disorders thorat
Akshinadi
Karnamula nadi
Jihvanadi
Medhranadi
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SHARANGADHARA SAMHITA
the first authoritative physician
implanted knowledge of pulse examination in third chapter
a)physiological
b) mental
c)pathological , states of the body
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Types of pulse in different
condition
Characterstic of pulse
Healthy
pulse(Swasthawastha)
Sthira (steady) and Balawati
(strong)
Good hunger and
appetite(Deeptagni)
Laghwi (light to touch)
Chapal & Vegawati
(tremulous & fast)
Lust(Kama) &
anger(Krodha)
Vegavaha(rapid)
Anxiety(Chinta) &
fear(Bhaya)
Kshina (feeble)
Poor apetite(Mandagni) &
cachexia(Kshina dhatu)
Mandatara (slow)
Intoxification (amadosha) Gurvi (heavy)
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BHAVAPRAKASHA SAMHITA
6th subdivision of the first part.
According to Jolly this samhita flourished in 16th century A.D.
specification of sides for pulse examination
indication of three fingers
unfavourable conditions when it
is not examined ,
relation between the fingers and Doshas
pulse in- physiological , mental , pathologiacal states
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YOGARATNAKARA According to P.K. Gode its period lies between
1650 A. D. & 1725 A. D.
According to Jolly, not later than 1746.
In the opinion of Singh its period is 1676.
First chapter of the book describes pulse examination
addition of pulse indicating bad prognosis,
quantitative form of the pulse
instruction to physician to wash his hand after examining patient
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NADIVIJANANA BY KANAD
(a) general consideration of origin of Nadi and its examination
(b)pulse characteristics after different foodstuffs
Different foods Pulse characterstic
Mansa (meat) Lagudakriti (like rod steady)
Banana , molasses cake prepared
from pulses etc .dry foods & meat
Nishakram vatapittatirupen
(resembles pulse of Vata Pitta but
maintain no order)
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Parched grain , flattened rice Sthira & Mandatatra (steady
&slow)
Kushmanda (gourd) Mulak
(radish)
Manda (slow)
Shaka- Kanda (green leaves &
stem roots
Resembles the movement pulse
filled with blood
Molasses , cakes , milk Sthira & Manda(steady &
slow)
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DIFFERENT RASA & EFFECT ON PULSE
Sweet taste Resembles the movement of
peacock
Bitter taste Moves like earthworm
Acid taste Slightly hot & jumping
Pungent Like movement of sparrow
Astringent Kathina & Mlana (hard)
Salt Sarala & Druta (straight &
rapid)
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PULSE IN PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE
Types of pulse Pulse characteristics
Healthy pulse Sthira(steady)
Good hunger Laghvi –Vegawati (light &
fast)
Appetite Chapala (tremulous)
After sexual enjoyment Hot like flame
Morning Snigdha (smooth)
Afternoon Hot
Evening Fast
Night Less prominent than day
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PULSE IN MENTAL STATE
Types of pulse Pulse characteristics
Kama- Krodha (lust &
anger)
Vegawati (fast)
Chinta – Bhaya
(anxiety & fear)
Kshina (feeble)
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PULSE AS A PRODROMAL SYMPTOMS
Types of pulse Pulse characteristics
Anga-graha (slight pain
in the body when fever
is to occur )
Manthara & Plava
(slow & jumping)
If fever is about to
increase
Jumping forcibly
Sannipata jwara Miscellaneous
movement
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PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS Types of pulse Pulse characterstics
Fever Very hot and fast
Indigestion (aajirna) Kathina & Jada (heavy &
tight)
Toxication (aamadosha ) Heavy
Grahani (malabsorption) In leg moves like
Hansa(swan) but in hand like
Manduka(frog)
Prameha (diabetic condition) Granthirupa (beaded)
Bhagandara (fistula in ano) Hot & curvilinear
Pulse in poison Jumping
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f)pulse of bad prognosis – -
at the time of death,
death in one day upto death within one month
(g)good prognostic pulse
( h)characterstic of pulse appearing apparntly of bad prognosis but really not so.
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RAVANKRUTA NADIPARIKSHA
The whole work is attributed to pulse
written in the same form as the work of Kanada with some additional work like
Pulse in pregnancy Gurvi –Vatavaha(heavy
& Vatika pulse
Puise in infants Paitikka in nature
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(Arsha)Piles Manda –kvacidavakra-
kvachidaruju(slow sometimes
curvilinear and straight
Grahani Mrutasarpopama (like dead
snake)
Swasa (asthma) Tivragati (fast)
Shleshma Kasa Sthira – Manda (steady &
slow)
Rajyakshama (tuberculosis) Naga gati (slow)
Pandu (anaemia) Fast sometimes visible
sometimes not
Kushta (leprosy) Kathina & sthira (hard &
steady)
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EXPLANATION OF MODERN TERMS
Rate –
for tachycardia – Druta, Twarita, Tivra, Shighra, Vaykul, Vikala .
Similarly for bradycardia – Manda , Manthara
Rhythm -
to explain regular rhythm - Sarala (not crooked) Samya (regular)
for irregular pulse Trutita, Vakra, Kautilya
Volume –
for high volume Atyuchchaka
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Sukshma (fine, thin), Atisukshma(very thin), Shithil (weak feeble) signify that pulse is of low tension and low volume.
Pushtihina can be coined as a single word for low tension
Force – Vegavati, Vegadhara, Balwati, Prabal, Uttanabhedin these words also tell about high tension of the pulse
Condition of arterial wall – Karkasha , Kahara , Kathina for hardening of wall
Temperature of skin over pulse – Koshna , Soshma and Shita
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RESEARCH SCOPE
In recent times researchers worked on Ayurvedic Nadi through modern parameters like Sphygmography , Pulse meter etc.
A beginning has been made by researchers like Dr. Sarva Deva Upadhyaya & Dr.Eknath Ghosh who published series of articles in Journal of Ayurveda of Calcutta
it is necessary to plan and conduct research on Nadi pariksha so that an acceptable model may be constructed for universal application.
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CONCLUSION
The art and science of examination of pulse was well developed in ancient India.
Fortunately some of the ancient Ayurvedic literature is still available to us .
A humble attempt is made here to present most of the literature in systemic manner
An attempt has been made to corelate terminology of pulse examination in Ayurveda with modern science
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Systematic and comprehensive training of Nadi pariksha in Ayurveda colleges can be ray of hope.
Finally, Experience alone can make one perfect.
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THANK YOU
रुग्णस्य मगु्धस्य ववमोहहतस्य दीप: पदाथााननव िीवनाडी । प्रदशायेद्दोषिननस्वरुप ंव्यस्तं समस्तं यगुलीकॄतं च ॥
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THANK YOU
“Pulse , like a lamp , throws light on all the physiological and pathological states encountered in man.”