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  • N TI16 NORTIIYItY FKI)YTIt 89--TKF:ATNF:NT OF NATUIlAId · 2007. 8. 7. · r. i ciiap'1'e11 xv : . tiif7 wait iiy 1..\n1) --batti i:h on ti16 nortiiyity fki)ytit ~:r -- dl\90n -•
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r . i CIIAP'1'E11 XV : . .~ ~ TIIF7 WAIt IIY 1 . .\N1) -- BATTI I:H O N TI16 NORTIIYItY FKI)YTIt :R -- DL\90N -• O'NFAI .K - . LANUIN(I 0F ( IF :NEKAL It )89--TKF :ATNF :NT OF NATUIlAId 7 F:i) .1PC/ .t: N y'rAKF : s I V Aü M 8 -- 8UCCI :H8E:1 uP ., KOYS -- ANURFIW JACKrSON ON TIIFI ?11891tis1P1'I - 111y UA- ~ HF :K[t ANI) CIIAaQ(7TF :a - I{A1TLF : OF NF :yV l)RLKANy-- l't :AI;F: . 'l'In : catnp ;tigns of 1812 and 1813 w~erc chit~flÿ fi,tlriht on the " Cau,ttlian fi•ontier . 1lruollg the lllilitia whiclt ap .pea,retl on the 11tueriean bortler, Instny sous of Irel,ltlll f ;aine(l tli5tinction . 'l'llc `n,lnlès of Brady, Mull,u ► y McÎ{eon, ' Croghau, r .Ll ► k after thosu of Scott, Brown, aa,ntl Waol, fur services perfi ► rlnetl un that tllesttr« of war, where, howver, the l ;rcatest achievcnlent effectéd was the successfu)~' tlefènce of Arnerican territory fi'onl inva- sion . The defeat of -IYull, .Lntl surrenller of llotroit , ere more thz~n cotnl~~ensatetl by the urilli~~nt viciories of ' ,w Chippew~t, I3ridt ;e~cLter, zttitl l'lattsburg ; antl the work of st ;curity was uompletetl" "hy tht ; uttcr tlefOatof Tecum- sèh and his Ang1'o-Lndiarr~?forces, at the bu,ttle of the ► 1'h .tirnes, in the territory of Michigan . w . 'l'hisntLction, foul ;ht in October, 11313 ; w .ig the 1<xst n,ntl Yrtost curnplete tiefeat of the savages of the, north-western lukes : 'l'ecutnseh .wit .~ ;su~pôsetl to, havo fltllen by the 'hanils of Colonel JuhnSttn q .f Kentucky ;" but~ that vet- cr ;Llt soltlier h .tns 'hiu ► self saitl, that .tll he could say wsl,s, when attswketl by the ch'tri',ho fire+l, and' when the slnoko ~ cleat•etl away, the Intlian lay tlead befûre hiin . 'l'lie pop- ular ~yccotult attributcs the tlcatlly tii ► n alui wound to one M,lsl)n, 36 lliltlve of the cUullty of Wexfi,rd, Irel :intl, who, thliugh a gr,ul4f ;ttht .T, stgeti four-score, volûntcerell his scrviccS in th ;Lt expctlitiun . lte hatl been ah olt l ~ revulutiut p ury s ollli e r, itntl foul ;ht in the ralks with his ., owtl suus, th e mselv eE3 IIICII o f iuitltllo a g e . * • Iii a cotcrn{x ► rancouA vicw of tho battlo, 11c ie rc~rresentcd'as fir i rlq at • Tecun ► sell, uver l ;ulonct Juhnsuu's dlwtlldur , witl► a rltlc, wl ► ilo Johnson 1a b . diechar,ing u uisto1 . .. . . -

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    i

    CIIAP'1'E11 XV : .

    .~ ~TIIF7 WAIt IIY 1. .\N1) -- BATTI I:H O N TI16 NORTIIYItY FKI)YTIt

    :R -- DL\90N -• O'NFAI.K - .

    LANUIN(I 0F ( IF:NEKAL It )89--TKF:ATNF:NT OF NATUIlAId 7 F:i) .1PC/.t: N y'rAKF :s I V

    Aü M 8 -- 8UCCI:H8E:1 uP .,KOYS --ANURFIW JACKrSON ON TIIFI ?11891tis1P1'I - 111y UA- ~

    HF:K[t ANI) CIIAaQ(7TF:a - I{A1TLF: OF NF:yV l)RLKANy-- l't:AI;F: .

    'l'In: catnp;tigns of 1812 and 1813 w~erc chit~flÿ fi,tlriht

    on the " Cau,ttlian fi•ontier . 1lruollg the lllilitia whiclt

    ap.pea,retl on the 11tueriean bortler, Instny sous of Irel,ltlll

    f;aine(l tli5tinction . 'l'llc `n,lnlès of Brady, Mull,u►y

    McÎ{eon, ' Croghau, r .Ll ►k after thosu of Scott, Brown,aa,ntl Waol, fur services perfi ►rlnetl un that tllesttr« of war,where, howver, the l;rcatest achievcnlent effectéd was

    the successfu)~' tlefènce of Arnerican territory fi'onl inva-

    sion . The defeat of -IYull, .Lntl surrenller of llotroit,

    ere more thz~n cotnl~~ensatetl by the urilli~~nt viciories of ',wChippew~t, I3ridt;e~cLter, zttitl l'lattsburg ; antl the work

    of st;curity was uompletetl" "hy tht ; uttcr tlefOatof Tecum-sèh and his Ang1'o-Lndiarr~?forces, at the bu,ttle of the►1'h .tirnes, in the territory of Michigan .w. 'l'hisntLction, foul;ht in October, 11313; w.ig the 1

  • - A HISTORY OF' TIM

    Tho 13oti,,lr "nav,rl c ► I ► er, ► tic►►►a," on t .l ► e n ►►rlher ►r co,tst,hsi~ itin si~-u;tl•l~y firile' ► l, su ► uc''uf Lite iuvsi ► lin.; , force- were. -,.clirc~,tvs1 tus ►tte ►►► l,t Lite :chur,ûf -the (:l ► vs ; ► 1 ► i~ :ikv, and tole ►►et,rite to Washington . . In May, '1813, finir hunlrelrï ► c1t ► wc~e clrsl ► ,itcl ►e ► 1 fi•ùt ►r W, ► rren's flvet to burn the •tu%6r'c ► f ' I Isivre cle -{ .irsicc, 11i, ► rylaucl . ''l'I ► c fiew ►nilit.i a i nthe place sil ► ; ►►►► l ►►necl it ; 1 ► ut J ul ► i ► U'Nestle and two c ► tl ►er.4w ►►rkc+cl it tiu ►,ill l ► ,ittery Nvitl ► cles ►clly clliect, . The cuw ► i ►y1 ►s~viu~; c~ili~cte ►1 it ls ► nclir ► ,;, these 1 ►un ► 1 ►1c (lurs ► tii retrrs ►tedto Lite uail fi10,ury, str ► cl co ►►tinuc ► 1 it destructive ►►► asketry

    Aire on tl ► r ► ,iv who s ► 1 ► l ► rcurchecl . ' .11 l's ► rty of marines finallyc s ► 1 ► [I.ire ► l O'Nealr, who was cTsrrriecl prisoner c ►►► 1 ► us ►`rcl time11l .ridstc ►► Lc► 11•i, ;; ► to: . I le,wu ► tl ►l t ► s ► ve..llcrn instantly exe-cuto ► l luit for the vin ►►r ► n ►5 i ►► t V rfieke ncO of* Cieucrs ►1 AIi,(le r ; Nvl ►►► ,thres(tc ►►r ► I to exc,c ►► te t.wù British 1 ► risc ►uci•s" inn.ts ► Iis ► t .iuu, if' his lit'v were t ;ikrn .

    .Uuri ►►~ this war :sirk-11 t] ► rvs ► ts ulunc cuulcl have 5trvec1the r ► at ► irs)Iy .ecl cit ►1ei ► .14, fi ►ri ►► erly • British "' ► ll Jc:cts, wl ►e ►► y

    British lsrw, -~uch of' that description of' ~ rtizens its rull

    Aa812,kc~ ►► in s ► riu~. 1i 1 ► ~ ►►e lsui ► :itiuu, ► isrtc±cl Uc~lul ► ,r ~(► tl ► ,

    s ►►►► 1 s i~;necl ' by t,l ► c~ Prince 13c~t;c~ ►► t ; ((-1ec ► r~;; IV. ,cli,tiu ►~tly s ► nuu ► u ► c~c~ ►1 tl ► srt all tiucit 1 ►ri s uilt~•s wc;l ►1 1 ► o'trc,itc~cl as 11 rc~I ► ~ls" ' i ►► sirii ► i s ► ~:~i ►► ~t their s c ►vc~rei~;i . 1 ►► •l ►'cl ►ri ►siry, 1813, ll ► c usiturs ►liic ► 1 citizer ►y of' l'1 ► il :i ► c~ll ► l ► ist,tl ► rc ►ut;l ► 111 ► 1 er ► us ► n ,1 ulit ► 13i ►► uy, ch s ► ir ► u a ►► of th vir 1rce ti ►► r;, ~ciro w the s ►

    lt,% utii ►u c ► ' l'rc~i~l~ , ut % l ;r~li,uir to tl ► i . clc ( , l, ► ru- ~

    tiu ► r . '111i .8 r ►► ~~ ► tiuri,~l was u l ►swcrcci by the l'r 8, iclcr ► t,, itsfi►lluws : -- .`ŸAfi11TNQTOV, 1►'eb. 1813 .

    C ► •a-rt .h.a ► ex, ---I have re c',CrvGtI your COrr ► 1 uni c s ► tiu ►r i nbcl ►srlf' uf' tl ► u u, ► tur; ►lize ►l citize. u .,; in and I ► ,str I}1 ► iluclc I-1 ► 1 ►in, wl ► c ► were 4urii witl ► in the lirit,i :~h clur ► ►►► iun~ ; c~uc ►i-Kiuucci by the 1 ►rucls ►►► uitiun Of the l'rince lt ~c~ ►`►t of r ~u t13ri (ari~r, clsrtecl the 26th of October ls~tit~it'~

    ~;►cl by -~t rer '

    i ►►clicsrt .iu ►►s uf rti 1 ►url ►use~ of sul ►juutinb tu ,the 1 ►c ►u ► lt,'!u of '

    have been ts ► kçl ► in trr ►rrs srgsEiriSt Great l,3 ►'itx.in ." A'3 fit(! British I ;ims and 1 ►rsi C ticc ccirfe r ~► Il tl,rj rt;hts

    and in ►►► r ►► uitius of' r ►ut ►► rs ► l-l►ur ► r s ►► 1 ►ject un ulicus ~c~yAr►t;©vl;Il a short period - on board 13ritis4 vesscls,' it 11jrblrt

    . , .

  • IRISE! SE'I'TI,ESS IN' NORTII AUI:RICA. ~1OJ

    h)t1'C 1)t'Cil C o llcln ► lc ►1 th ;tt 7111 11)tCilt,ll)1) 11'l ► Il1d llitl'(? 1 ►4`l,'ll• neither firt•iiiC ►1 n ►►r I ►r ►► t :l ;titu t~► i, b ÿ tl ►c hç t ► 1 ►►f' th;tt, n ;ttiun ,

    w] ► ich is zt5 ineu ►►~istent with iGs 011'u cs ;twl ► Ie us . it ist•t1)nnn;u)t to reu5o n nuiti htt~►► ;ti ► ity. x:

    '' 'l'hc tigltts of i ►►tturuliic ► 1 riti•r.et ► s 1 ►eii ►g tt»der ther,ttnc gn;üntuty of' tl ►c u,ttional fi itu 'au ►► 1 huu ►►r w ith thei•ights of t ►tl ► er c iti•r.rn s , tl ►► : fi ►riu ► 'r itiay hc ► t~,nrei 1 tl ► ; ► tit is the tleterntitrttiun ; as it 11•ill hc tl ► c iluly, ►► f' the

    wl ► ;tt~il~i r,ltt>tl ► ituiuin~tiu ;tt ► ,t ► ~t cu~► ul ► lti r .Y b e witl ► i u t 1 C 5 (:utu I ) ► S ,citfi ► r►:ing tl ►c r►:,I ► t :t :t 1vl ► ich iy t lne fi•►► tu tue ettctity t ► , th erig1 ► t4 ► tn ►1 1 ► t'i•,unS ►► l' tl ►u,c w1 ►►) cotuh;tt uwlcr the 1 ► ;ut-`) 1crs , itu ► l i ►► dcfcttce i L i ►► i iu;tintei ► iti ►cc ►► f' the rit ;l ► t5 ,u ►► 1s3ufet,y, of' tl~eir lt ► lulitc ► l cuut ► t .ry .

    .̀` 11 ► ' 1• ► :1 ► t ,uy ft'it:iully rcsl ► rcts.

    ~ ' Tu ,l On ;v l~ir Ns •\\ i .a,t,~ SM tt .i;>;J~ uN \V . 'I ii()aieSuN, ~

    I;5 ► l' IS , ►,

    .l~ L.~ t l ~~ 1ht ~ . , . ~t,ll I , l , tJ ► itw i11 :1rrrA NI ► ,(ih? l ► It1ih 1 ► ,i111:1t ,

    'l'1 ► ~ ' ► 1 ► :t•i i 1 ► ' ► 1 fouie ►► f' .\1r. al,t ► l N ►►u'S 1 e tf ► 'r trti~l Pll, in ► ig reut u ►► '~ttiiti'r, t ) ° S ;t1 c (lit' li1 e , of uu ► ;tt ►y Irish -I ► orn ►►Ili-c• ('1: 4 ► trt ► 1 nt o'n, t,lt ;i ► itt tl ►~~ ÎlritiS l ► 1 ) l'i, ►► i ► 5 ott, (Zucl ► cc itn ► 1ttlif~t x .

    ~~ ,

    / 'l'in' u ►►►stjr,ti 1 ►1ii

  • 106 A 11ISTOIiY OF TIIE

    liant reputation . Born _ tn the Wilxllilw settlement, or'11 i~h'It ;u l'llt~, at thit•tceil he li ;ltl tinlgllt 11 114 1 l ►ct'u w l ►uîltli~llirl fit(! R6•ulutil ► nilty çl ► uti'>t. His nl ►► tlll•r, an hxtt ;turtli-

    111 :1rW ~~ ►► lu ;lll, { 'lad llil' ► l, a v i~•tilu to her cluu•ity, in ;lttl'ntl-i11gQ11 . I ► ri• ► ~nl't•> Of «• ;I1•, iit the 1 ►1•i,l ► u-sllil ► at 1 ;11;trll,4ui1 ;his f ;lthl't• llit•ll .when he Was st cIliltl, •ztn ► 1 1 ► t ► th his i ►rt ►tl ► l'r .'s

    : li ;itl titlll'tl 1 ► rtçvl'ly in battle . At. tll ;lit's age llr i rl'ult ►vc tito 'l'l'nllpacl', ,«•illl Judge McCay, and I1,111 filll' ►,l sttccl's-sivl'ly file offices of rrln•l•sl'nt ;ttivr, S l'n;tt ►►r, jt ► Inh of' t{te-5nl ► rl'lue Court, and major g l'u v l•;tl of uliliti ;l .

    Ili, ntilil ;lry rl'I ► tlt ;lliIII was F tttn ► 1l' ► l un 1t s II l•l•l'"s ic ► nOf' titl'rit01•it ► lt .'; tll'ti ►► uS, llel~li,lll sItl ►tluecl the (;rï,l'knation, ('ll ;lst'tl tlll'it• British itntl, til ►;utis{r f ► Ilil's intoMut•i ► I ;1, i' ;tl ► lttt•l'tl 1'l'1 ► .,4 ;Il'ul ;t, and ' t;•i y l'n his t'ilrilrs airti ►►nl the- tt ► wel:s of Saint, Augustine tllltl Saint, INizu•k .With jl' ;11 ►► usy IItW;tsllillgtutl, and l' ve n ut, houle, , ~t ► utR l• ulu llliA, ;lt•i ;tt, or trl'ustlrr, he had i- ;1ï t•irtl \ hi,', ► t tvttwl'stl'rl ►s tllrutlglt 5 Nuntlt" , %V il ► 1l'rlll's,VS , t1u ► 1 I ►rllit•ii~~, Il ;lt lIlt'01 ► i1'tl llll'lIJ itl 'Its ti ;tttltil ► gg • the :+ ;t v Olgc ~~7lttil ► t•' :3 7t1111 ► t - 1111111 tlll' l'11'1117,1'11 Rt ►11111'1•'h9 l't11111 ► 11- g- 11 ;11•11t'11 t( ► 1•tl•C .Ilitlli.'rt ►► , gdul•y had I ► l~l'tl IliS s ll ; ► tll ► w , as (I ;lllg-l't' ll ;tll bel 'Ilk ;Ittt• ;Irti ►►n, tliltl 1 ► ;rtt•it ► ti,lll Illtut ►st, llk sole rr;l ►url'e .

    Ill lli, I1`li :lll w ;11 s ► çI)ull tltl~l ► llti

    I ►r't„11) („lr~~ ► l~, l,utli~r ,llir;r;ill~, ; rllltittt ► 11~", 1 l !In I lllt t l ► flli .l t-, Su1nQ

    ~ ► t ~~•Ilulll ~~•l~t ' l't ► illll~c tl'll 1~•ith 11iI1 ► 1 ►y tillllily `~;i~lnll ailf1 N • r ► fli•l'.tiull .*~ Tilt' 91•l' ;1 el, part, of' these bravé ulttn,~~cruw i t I I I I i tu a f, New l 1 rl l' ;I 1~:• , r kz;^~

    H e lr 1i ►tiiltl tll;lt . inll ►ut•,Illt city ttlutt ► ,t, ntlkl~tl of' lll'fi~ncl~~L~The St ;ltc tuiliti,l, tll rl'g ttl ;trs witl ► lir► twn ti•uu1• Flt ► ritlu,'rIll e N- ulllntrl't•s ft•t ►nt 7'vnnesa'e, Ali„issil ► I ► i, 1111t1 hett Jtnl'I:y, g;Irl,~ Ilitii the v( ► nuu ►trtll of' sutuc ( ;,(II)l) .1 tie n, wllilu '1';tckl'nll ;lIn (lulN•illg l'tli'ct(ltl It lttnlliug utt the ?` ntl o

    f l)ro,rtnhwr) had h;tltl' ►1 wilhin serl'n tuiles of the it.y, ut;lit(, Ile ►Ill r ► f' 1 4 ,U(I 0 , file tll ►w e r of file oui l'l'uirl . nlt .Itrtl ►y .'l'Ile t g ► Ilu % ~•iu~ ; i~i ~1. .11~~~c~i1 ► tit ► n of' the baffle uf' ~ ►e 2 3rt1I

    • It, hiNClc4p,itc•t ► to 11ajim (,e ► ièr► I l'inrknol•, ru ► it ;► ining tlle n c•uunt of tI ► nl' ►

    tl'hc cl

    ► nilit'iac tk~'c ►hr cc~ic•r .Ihl, Match, , INtr

    : ► I ~I►)c lu,r~~► er ►chriuiulc•, ► t (~ tc~l~p ü~ cthu~,t~harue, %% ith u~ ► ~ ;u•u~• and lirt ► ulvKe w•I ► irlt wuuld ha~t~ doue 1 mur tu rÇgu•,---- ~~ ~

    .• . , . . .• . , . ._ .

  • ~ IRIS!! SETPLERS IN NORTII AIIERICA. 107

    ner,ember, as cietnilecl to Pre9itlelit Monroe 1 ►y Ce>>erztlJackson himself. .

    ''. ;,I'he l ►►ss of our gun-bo;ttg nellr the h,lss ni tlle I(i gol ctshav ing t;iven th e eneniy coiltm ;uttl of Lake Borgne, hewas c~t ►~l ► 1 c ►1 to choose llis point of ► itt,uck .' lt. 1 ►e caul e ,

    'therc ti ►re, flui ol ► j ► 'Li; ►►f illll ► ort :lttce to 0 I, 51 ruc t, tlle mi nier-Omis bayous lutd c,ln,ll5 lc,t ► lillg frout l,llstt lake to the ~

    t)nliu;l W l of' M ,tjîn:.,l'l ;utche , two Jhutt ► lrc ► 1 lltcti of colt ►r,\\ cllietly li ►► lu St, . l)oliiTqg ►► , r,ti sr ►1 1 ►ÿ C ►;loilel Sa s•ury, zut ►i "

    highl7lllt'1S on the Mississippi . This imimportant service vascotnmitted , in the ft ► ,t in>t,lner, to a dt't, u' litl ►rut of tlloAeventlt re ) ;iluct ► t, ; ►► i'ter\\• .u• ►ls t o Coi . 1)e I, ;Ir►►u ► le , of' theLouisiulist tnilitia, stfi ►l, lastly, to tustke tlll . sure to MajorCiencrul \rillt're , cotllti ►► tn ► liu); llle ► listrict het,\\'ecu the riverand the lake,, atl ► l wh ►► , 1 ► eing ;t native ►►1' tho country, w,lg1 ► rcslttur~l to 1 ►e best ac ► Ilt ;lil ► te ► 1 \\•itl ► itll tllo,e 1 ► ; ► sy ► ?y .Unii ►rtltn,ttely, llo\\•e\•er, tt 1 ► icyuet . \\•lliell the gener,ll 11 ;1 ► 1

    ' est;tl ►lisl ►n ► 1 Ilt, thr tnoutlt of the li,ty ►►It 1(ict ►\ eltue, ttu ► 1which, ltot\vil,ll s tiin ► lillt; lliy o ► • ► l e l.s , h;t ►1 1 ► t 'e n k Ct itltob-Ktrticte ►1, \vas conll ►lott'ly surl ► ri,e ► l, i ►n ►l llte cu ► 't ► ly 1 ► trile-trute ►1 througlt it canal 1eauling to ►t tiu•ul, n1 ►►► ut t\\•oleahit es 1 ►c1 ►►\v the city, itll ► 1 suucee ►lrd in eu ttiu); n IF t>,Con ► I ►;Iny of' luililia stitti ►► nc ►l tllere . 'l'lli5 iilt ► 'llig ► 'uce \\•a.scotltllluIlir,lted to n ►o Itl ►ontt l .wel\•e o'clock of the t\\•enty-thir ► 1 . My fi ►rcr, Itt tJtiy tillte , (Q11515tt'(l of' parts of' these\•.et ► tlt Iln ► l fi ►►•ty-fintrlll~'rvgitlwtlts, n ►► t exree ►ling sixhutt ► lt•c ► 1 tog ► 'th ► 'r, tllo city tuiliti :i, IL 1 ► ,I 1't of Clt'nrr,il Co1=1ce's 1 ► ri);a ► Ie of' nlouttte ► i t;llltu rtl, ► illti t he ►lrt ►u'hr ► 1lllllttlit fi'oltl tltl' \Vl`5 ti!l'It 111\'t thOi 1 ► f T l'illtl`stit`l'7 U11111'r t,ll ocotutu,ltl ► 1 o f,11,Ijor (J ('lierai Cfl .< ► 11 . 'l'II ► 'su t\vu l ;tst Cot•l ►swere ntuti ►►n e ► 1 fi ►Itr mi les it1~ ► r. tlit, rity. ltij ► I ► re llrtt ► lil

    ,,, n double a tt,lt;k hy tlle,w;iy o1' Clt'c[= M ► ' ► tt~~~ u' , 1 left (le u,, .rul C;trroll's f ►rct ► ,irtd the iuiliti t of ;the . city 1 ►ost e ► i on

    tfte, (irntilly Lou ► 1 ;'ttn ►1 itt fis o o', lot 1'/A1 ., In,uclie ►l to' utc e the e n enly, w li otn I w,ls rc5ol\•c(1/ tu ~it tack in hi s

    fir,t 1) ►i~i.t i I m; \\'ilh M ,l,j ►►r Ilirl ► Is' ► lt,It;ool ► s ; (i e n er ► Il Cof-~ fi'u' ;t L►rig ,iik,, 1 ► ;u ty of , the ses' eItt.l ► itutl li,r (,ÿ-ti ►urtlt reg i-

    W-~r monts, titi~ uiti f ► rtnc ► 1 cotllluttties of Iuilitia, un ►ler tho

    the uuuunitltd of Ma_jor 1)ubw~tl, riata iti tletachwent

    :

  • 108 A. iTISTORY OF TH E

    ► f' ;u•till erÿ, ul ld l'1• flic (lir('cti f ► I l of C o lu 11 ('1 .11 T ll(`a, w ithtwo s ix-l )( ► 1111 ► 1t' r 'i, Ilu(lt'r the cm Illullilll uf l .iJ'ut('ll a Tlttil ► ( ►tt, ; 1144 (` xc ce (lillh, irl ;lll, .tiftc('u 11u11(lr('(l . I ul•1•k l'(1Ill`a l' Ille ('ll('llly's ( `,11('itllll)Iltl'llt . about ti(!v('ll, iUl(1 11111111'lll- .tltl'ly lu,l(1l~ luy dispositions ti ► I• the lltta( Ic . pIli s fi ► l'('(',,111u ) ) ►IlUtillg at ~tll ;lt, time t ►n land t( ► ',(I1( ► Ilt ti ► l'(`c t 1 l( ► 11 "111,1,('Xt(`II~Iril Ilillt' a mile ull tll~ll, river, and ill the I'('~ ► 1• Ilt'~11'lytu Ille' w4w ► 1 . (Il'llt'r,ll Culli'c iv ;1s ( ►I'(I('rc(1 to tlu•n tllt`irrigllt, wIlile witll'tlw resi ► Ilie ut' the ti ► r('e I,ttt;l('kc,l hi-it;t1'0I1-Ir(',t . I ►u,itiuu ( ► 11 the l('ft, Ill'a 1' the river. CûlllnlO(lul oP,Itt(`l',Mn, Il,lvill"; (lrul ► l ► t'(1 tlown the river in the sc11i ► unl' rC7lrlill(`, was (liI'(' c tr(i , to 01) t 4 1 It (il•C lII ►M I tllt'ir ('111111 ) ,Wlli c ll II o e X(' c Ilt(' i l :tt 111)( ► ut I1 , 11 1 ' I ► il,t ,( ; v ('11: --'l'll k I ► l'ill .,R si- I m l id' tlt h l'IC, ( i(`Ilt'l'a l (;utll'('' ;i 1111'n, 11'Itll tllt'll' 11-s lltllinll ► (`t1w;ity, 1'11-4I1('(l ( ►n the Î'LIvlilv'`i I•ir;I ► t, 7111)1 ('lltt+rt`(ltll(`II' 1'tlllll ► , 11'llllt! 1 ► Ill' l'Ig IIt, 7l(11't111C1` d \1'Itll l'1111711 ~11'llOl' .'l'llt`re r;lll be but, lift le tl( ) 111 ►t lll .tt Nve s Ilulll(I ll avv tiuu-('l'ed r(1 ( ► 1 ► tll;lt ( ► c c 71 s iUll, With ( ►Ill' illfi'l'i( ► t• t , ► IY'(', ill (l e -RlI'u)' ill (' u1' C 711 ► tlll•ill,; tl1 0 rll(`luy, 1171(1 llut It tlli('Ic li ► , ,which ;u'u .;l` ;ll,uut cigllt ( ► '('luclc, rcl',I,iunj`(1 Some ('( ►ufil,iul l711111)lln the 111111'l'l'llt ('Ol'l ► .`i . Fl'ill'lllg, tllt`, ('Olltil'(lllt'll('l' ,I 1111 l(`r 1168 ('irT Illll,t -1 l 11C r, t ► l' flic fili'tll/'r 1 ► rn ;l'('.Iltiuu ut' ; tIli-Ill, ;Itttll'I:, with tcl ► ~ ► 1 ► i tll('ll SI('till f, tu ,gr l'lllc`t•+ fi ► I• tl1 41lil .~t tiul(`, 1 r ►►11t,+111(~,1 Illy st~lt' ~~illl lyin~ ul ► tl ► ( ; field 11171tIli -r l ► t, ; 7111 4 1 at . 1 i0111• ill tl W 11101 -11111(r 71>-V Il1C4 1 It -A lr0 U 11' (`1•1 ►uS iti( ► 11, ;11 ►►► Ilt, two nlilt's il(`llrl'I• i,ll e rity . A t, this I ► ( ►.i-ti( ► I1 I rC'InUillt'(1 t'llv tlllll ►(`(l, wtlitill ". t - IIU llrri v;il uf'. Olt)K i'lltll('k 1' Illllllltt 1111(1 1 ► tlll'l' l'('lllfl ► !'Ct`Illl'IIIV, 'A ,i tlll !

    s:Ili'ty ( ► t' the /'itv w ill llt'l ► rll(iun the fittc of' lll k ill'nly, it11111s t I1 ,1 t he il ► t' alllli( ►Il,ly (` .l ► ( ► ,l)(1 .

    " In this 711itlil' (l111 Nvllulc ('( ►1I ►S nl~llc'1• 111.y C( ► 111111 .1I1(1(l(`ti('l' v tt tl w " l•(`tlt( -,t cre (lit : 'l'll( ! h('tit, c l ► llll ► lilll('ilt I l'tll ►I),-1y to G ('ll('I;II (;) ► Ili'(", and 11i .'i brigade, i5 t( ► say, tll('y

    .Il ;t V ( t I ► ('Il ;l v t'(I 1t3 they have Il lw ;lys (h,11e w llilh url(1l'l' ulycu1111u ;1u ► l . The sevl`Iltll, lull by Major Pierre, and fi ►rty-1i ► urlll, ('( ►n1nr1n(l('(1 by (;l ► lunel ltusi, (iistin";liisl ► e(I tllt'ul-hV l, , V S . 'l'l W I, ;0 t :llil ►I1 l►f City Illi llitiil, C( ► II1111 ;1n111`(1 1 ►yA171j( ►I• l'I a 11('ll(!, 1,41 ;1liY,e(l Illy llJlticil ► ;Ili( ►11,, 7111(l. behavedl iil0 v CtC raU3 . ~, 8ttv tt1•y'S YUIUIItI'l;t's III .UIifQStCII b t•tltit •

    It

  • IRISiI BETTI .FRB IN NORTEI A M ERICA. 109

    brrnvery ; aRrl the cumlriny of city rifle ►ue ►r, havinn1 ►enetruterl intu the nri ► l,t of the rnen ►y's c;rinl ► , weresulTUl1R(led ; ► t ► trl fuught thieil• w ;iy out with the t;re;rte,theruisitl, ltritlt;ing witlt thnrtt si nittrrl ►er ut' 1 ►ris ►► ne N. The

    , ,, , , „twu .ficl ► 1-} ► i~.,cca w~,ru wcll a~,r~•c.ri I ►y the olli~-c.ls culrl-llltln(ll ► lg tliClll .

    "A11 ❑ ly uIl ►cer3 in the line rlid theit• rluty, and I ha voevery t•e,ts ►► n tu he s►rti,fie ► 1 with the wh, ►Ie ►► f rrry lieI~l►urd sta tl: C ►► luriol5 I(utler 1111 ► 1 l'I ;ttt, rtn ►1 ~I ; ► ji ► r Lhut .rr► I,by their iutrclai(lity, sut•e ►1 the artilk~ry. Colonel Il,tyrre~w;t. everywhere t,h ;tt rlrlt,y or rl ;tr ►ger ; ► 11e ► 1 .' ' I was de-1►riVe ►i of the services of urre of uty nids, Ca l ►tuirr liutlr'r,whuul I was ►► t ► ligeti t ( i' station, to his t;r ► ' ►it, regret, intowrt . CiLl ►tniu Reid, llty ►► t,hi~t• ►► i ► i, ► tir ► i Messrs. I,ivi ►► gs-to ►l, I)ul ► lis,is, ► r ► r ► 1 I) ►tvezac, whu ha ► 1 vohurterrc ►1 their .services, t ;icr! ► t ► luugol• wherever it was t ►► he ► ue t, tutdcru•rie ► 1 liry or ►1er;s with the t ► tru ►► tit, 1 ►rurul ► tit ► l ► lr~ .

    "We ruUtl le 4)110 lut ►jur, t,w ► sul ► ,tlt('rnS, ,ur ► I Sixty-threepriva tes, I ► ri, ►► rrer•s ; .iin ►l the euen ►y',r lu, ., in kille ► 1 ;tn1l«•unulleil, uru,t; have I)r'ert ►►t lea,t My ►► wn 1 ►►ss Ihave rr ►►t ►tS yet I ► e ► r 111 ►10 tu ati~~ert,riil with rxact ►►eys, 1 ►nt511 1)1)0)50 it ttu uiuurlnt tA ► 011e hrtrrdred in killed, wuu ►oled,~rn ► l nris,ir ►g . A nrung tlre'ti ► rtu('r, I have tu la meut theIosy of Colonel I .ai ► iler ► l~rlr, of lklrer ► il Colli't~'s I►rig : ►(lr,wh ►► ti~ll while l ► r~vrly tighti ►rg . Culs. I)yer ► rn 1 l l~il ► y~~ ►r,of the 5111110 c ►►rl ► S, wOrc w ►>un► le ►i, ►ul ► i ;1l,rjulr 1`iuvcn,iu ;;ht:rkel ► I ► risurrer . ,

    'Cul . 1)e I .;rr~inl lc, Major Villen~, of the I,urtisj,tnatnilitia, üi ;i,jc ► t• I .,ituur of E ►► l;i ►toels, h ► tVing rru co ► rrut,tul l,Vulrlnteero ► i t,heir services, us di ► 1 I) rs: Kerr ► tlr ► 1 11u ►►►1,un ►1 re ut' gre ►tt ussi5t,tncc tu lue . "

    On the 28th I)r+ceurher, n ► r ► 1 1st of Jirrltt,rry, the e ► reiny .r ► b,tin yturnte ► l hia cottu ► t I► reust-wurky, ► tn ► 1 were ag;ii ► 1rel ►rrlye ► 1 . Orl the 8tli the lueluor ►thle lt a t,t .l e was ti ►ut;ht~which estatl ►lishe ► i tt tiecurui t.ilny~, A ►nericu ►t Inriel ►e ►► dence .

    "On the sevellth, a herteritl Iltuvelllcllt and bustle in t .lluBritish czurll ► in ►lic ►tte ► 1 th,tt the, culrtelttE ► luteri uttitck witsalauut tu be lllatrlv . I;verythinl; in t.he tlrnerican encrilnp-iuellt wtts reuriy fùr action, ~vlten, itt tlay-break, on tlto

    lU ,~

  • IRISII t3I:TTLERB IN NORTH AMERICA . 111

    from the tlluntierq of the 1\m e ric,tll h ,ttt eri c s . A thirdIlll ;t~•,tilint; attc'lul ► t was I1 1 le to rally tllc~ir tr~ ► ~ ► 1 ► 31 ►y tl ► ~~ irc ► flic~ v t:;, l ►Itt lh e saille rl.c',trttc'ti ►►n 1 rt, tllc'lu . Thel ' ultry ►► t' Ille British c►11ü'.1 ►►n tl ► i~ ► ',1 ► c,r;tte ► l ;l y , wa sIlt`sc'I'\•I11 - (& ;t w l ► l'lllil'l' Cill1 -K l', and hot 11~1' Catl' . ( i'llel'7ll(ii b l ►, fll ul ►►rt,tlly, ► 1n ► l (-i ► 'il ► 'r►tl clc',1 ► t'r,tt ► 'ly%V c ►un ► l ►► l, and were l ► c ►rne 1► c ► ui lllc~ fic'1 ► 1 ~ t'';tctiult . 'l'iletcli,cuutfiture c ►t' the eueilly was ~- _ tl ►lw ruil lllc'te ; ►t tèwonly of' the 1 ► l ;ltuuns reache ►1 thc~ . clitc ll, ,Ilc'I•e to r►► eetm ore certain dea tll . The t•e ut a iu ► lc' r flc~ci lrull ► the fieldw ith the g rc' a t est, 1 ►recil ► it ;.tn ► +y, ►tnci- .Ilu titrtller 0 1 0rt.'iw l'l'e I117111(` to l'illly tlll'lll . The Itlll'l'\'c'lllll Ir 1 ► 1i1111 1 ► (`t . w (!('l lthe 111u e ric'sln : 111d British c'.ove re l l withthe ► le ► t ► 1 ; t ;lkin~; intu v iew the Ic'n g;tlt ►► t' time and theIlllnlhc'r j c ll~;~l ? ;c' ► l, the ►1111i,t1~ uf' I ► luuil~~ strifi ., it, is I ►► ,-lievv cl, fitrllitill nu parallel tu .tll e ► Irc',1 ► iCitl carnage ►► t' thisbattle . Two tllm l,,lu d , III, the I ow vs( c' s tinla tf'll, 1 ►c-S i ► lt's a rul ►,i ► lc'r► tl ► le 1 ► i11u1 ►► 'r' 1v ►► 111 ►► i ► ' ► 'l'It e 1 ►► ,,y ►►f' tlluj\tu ► 'ric'a 11 i ► li ► I nut ► ' xc ► ' ► ' ► 1 s ► ' v c'11 kill ► 'il an ► 1 -s- ix %v ►► ttll ► l ed .lic'llc'r►11 I .,II111 ►► 'rt w ,tA the only s l11 ► c'riur ►► flivc'r l ► 'Ct ►►11'tllclfield ; 1 ►c'ill~; uu ;ll ► I ► ~ to c'll ► 'c'1 : the fli~;Eit of' tlle' Britishcc► llltllrl 8 , Ilc' r ► 'h• ► ' ► tl ► ' ► I to his c'il ► ' ;ill l l ► lu ► 'lik '

  • 112 IEIISTORY OF TIIE IRISII BF:ITI4ER;1, ' ETC .

    cltlish e tl itg position, w hilc tl ►e l e ft, «•itll tl ► l' I ►;lttl•riry ofl:uluttll)Ilure l'uttl~l :s ►► t ► ; lu;tillt,linl'tl tlle ir gn nln I l f~ ►1• , I tnlct.inlc with ulul•h g;llla utry tilttl sl ► irit, till ► lt Il'liglll, lill f linrit iii' lusl'l v es ( ll',e rt etl 1 ►y tïlll~ir fiie rl(lti r ►n Ill e ri~ltt, :il ► tlg reutly l)lltrlllltll)l'l~cll Ily the cill,itly, tlll'y wêr e ci)luj le llclitu sl ►ike their g tu ►s ttnti retreut ." This lutfitrlllntlte result tot ally ch ;llt);l' ► 1 th e ► 1 s 1 ► hr t, ofatfliti N . 'I'hc cnrnty were flow in occtllrlti~ ► n of-;t t ►t„iti ►► tlfi ►►Itl whi eh thr.y Itli);llt•u fl lloy the Alut'rir ;tns w itll ] ittl eh,ti ►lrli tu tlll'lu,l~l V l's, tlnll hÿ rtl e ltlis of' w llil•II t h l'y iii ight11, ► v c I ►eclt cll ;ll ► Ih ► 1 tl ► llrti ? ut, in a Ve r un,i ► l ► ~r;lt ► Ic ;Il~~;r ( 'l',thl3 l ' ili~l~ts of' the stll~l~ess of aur anus ~on t he of lier su hi of'tllc ri Ver, It, thcrefi ►t•c I)ecilttte un l ► bjectt ~ ►f the ,fit :a el ► ll-t'iClllll`1 wè witlt (il'nl'r ;ll J,tckstm, t~► lli,lutigc iii Iii u '; S t ► t ►nttS possible . Flrt• tllis l ► l ► jl~cf ., ►tll flll+ ulr ;tlls ill lli, power,w hiclt I ► h c l ►ultl llsc witlt`a l ►y sltfi ' ty, w l'rc I ►tlt, intl ► iuuue -lliatc rc ' tfui $ iti ►► It . "

    B llty lilllll'1• l•(11'('1• of' tlll' Ill~,l l~r f, the e n e I11 v ,, t ~ ► t ;tlly d is-hl'a rll' iIl'tl, rl'tt•e tlt e ► 1 sile utly tt ► lli, " sIlil ►'; , ;tll ► 1 ,,till'tlKurruwfillly fi•oul the 1 ► I au•e t ► t' Ili ., 1 ► lltli,llutl'llt, the ll ► Il c ll-Cu V l'tcr,i 11i';si„i 11 l 1 i . 'l'lll' British lu:s , in o IYie l ' l:, a llll n ► l'1 ► ,W ils t 11 ► 1 ►Ilt t, ooo , itll'llllllllg tlll'Ir g l'lll'l' ;ll-I11-1'l ► It' f' j t11Uit 1Ut'l'll'7111 lUss lt!ss tll ;lll .30o ,

    lue c x ult, c ► ver t,llu 1 ►yl ► is l ► ulellt, w ll jeu t - Il ;t ► 1 f ;tlll'n ul ► 1 ► 11\ W hil e ut New O rlcitns , Jttcksi ►n rl+re i ve ll n e wy of' therat ifkn •t ►Il of' tJlc '1're>tty of' (I lient, a tt d l,llc ilcw-ul,tllu

    • ,Wl'll ttlig llt 1Villi ;tln Oul ► I ►e t,f, rl',l► 1 ;t Il~ .,ul ► fu't .l ► e Ilrifi s lll ►lih;lrc hy fi•l ►nt tlm bat t le of' Ne w Orll' ;Ius ! \V il Illil;llttl ► l' m , fi'c► u ► tllis

  • /

    '

    CIIAP'l'E,II, XVI .A ACK 40 N, PRF :viplNT-liN1TCl) BTATkB HANK-"T11P. 1 11 1PII \'111T." -F.IIWARD

    KAYANAIIII, MIKINTY.R TO l'uRTUOAL-pkNAT11R PORTER -J.U'Kb(1N '8 PARTIAI.-~ lTY TO 1R1 8 11 Kl1l(IRANT.!- 1 ll4 INPLUkJbB ON 1118 l'ARTY - 1119 C11AKAlT4 .R,-

    ]lv the victory of New Orleans, Jackson had saved tl ►ovulley of the Mississippi ; by the-'Serrtint. ► le war of' 1817and 1818, he ► trille ►i the Fluri ► l ►rs tu ,l the ttrca ol' liberty ."His native ytate, as ► t 1 ► t•ouf' of' is ct ► ufillertce., sent, hitrr tothe 8etr .tte, and, in 1 8 ;~1, ►t t;re,tt portion of the I)l'rli~ ►oratic 1 ►rrrty voted fi►t• hinr ► ts l'r~~ ;~illr ► rt. Two lrtrnllr~'ll .and ~;c,•l't~ty-l ►►te eleet,r ►r»,l votes were llivillell 1 ► etwl'enfi ► ut• c ► uiilillAv .,;, tirtas : - J ►tckyurt had uiiret.y-rrine ; JointQItitrcy. A11;t1us 6nl1ty4out• ; W . 11 . Cr►twti ► t• ►1 ti ►rty-utre,and Henry Clay tl ►irty-sevcn . The Ilec.isil ►rt, tlrerefi ►re,wetrt to the II ►► nse of' Rel ► rt~ .4etrtatives, whl.► , tl ► rrnrr;hr ►tue rtrl ►tive, 1 ►,1>,ell over the pol ►ul :u• candidate, ail-ilclel~tell Mr. Ali, ► nt, l're ;irieut .

    III I S2 .5, the Le~;isl ► ttttt•e of 'l'errnl~5see, un motion orMr. Kvtrtrelly,' rr ►►urinutetl J,tcks ►►rt nt;;tiir 1i ►r the, 1 ► t•esi-cieucy, ►tntl, in 1828, lre was chosen by it large nrirjt ► rity .

    With the eight yeitrs' iultuinistratir ►n of' this ertrirret ►tPresident, we have in this work little to do . The gre,ttaction Of- his civil life was the abolition of' the UnitedStates lüu ► k, - iln institution which tlrrèirteu ► 'rl to lre-c.uule Co uut• geverrrtnent tha i»tperium in imperio, wlrielithe Bank of' l ;ut;litrui iVin the government of' l ;rrl;luntl .--111l men, at this day, scertt to bear testimony to the wi*it ► t>>of' Jackson, in that perilous encuunter with the incùrl ► u-raterl eul,it441 of the Union,-an cr ►coutïtor in which he wasa,ss;tileci with detùmutian, treachery, fitction, and even bythe ► tssas,iti's hunli . But Providence lrreserveti hiuithrough all ; and those who h :ttecl hiw unsparingly in

    1tl*

    .

    ,

  • life, have, of late, 1)een ofl'erillt; rel ► tbntitnt Ilr,lyerg uponlhla grave. ' .

    In both l ► resitlent,iul (~tmtcs t;t, the ge llrral wag enthtl-8 ttl:3tlca lly aust,titletl Ily " the Irish vt►te.'' Al ► ;u•t fi•t ► tu .'lliy kintlretl urigill, hiy ulilit .iry ch;tr,tcterist ics ►tntl thur.( ► llg ll lletlll)cracy 5ecureti their sufli•,lnes. Ilis survivinr

    ' friclltis t ►ftrtl rel ►t!,tt t.ll ;tt he ci)1 ►sitlercd tll,tt Vote nies5ential elculetlt of' Atllcrican tl ► 'ulucracy .

    Of the various nlett, of Irish t ►rit;iii, wllo fi ►ultti impur-tant cull ►Itiytuents ttlltlcr Jackson 's utltuiuistt•ati ►►tl, Etl-wurtl Kitv ►utagll, of ,1lai mie, w ;ts the tut ►,t nt ►tc ► l . lie was

    , of' tllat l.eitl,ter llt ►utie ~vhicll ll ;ty given 5t ► ►► tt ►lly tiistitl-t;uisltetl public uletl tt ► cent incllt,tl Europe . * I le hatl ucclla atate sen ► ttor ►tlltl net mg govcrtlor of' i1lai lie . A luUn Of,strollg Irish sttttl l_',ltllulic terttlent!ics, 1t11(1, ► tt . the satuiit .itur., ►tn flrtlt~nt J ;teksi ► ltiittl . lliut, tile l'resitlent sentlnitlistr'r to l'urtttg;tl, where he t;► tve tluhrt ► ketl satislitct .iui l~t4 ► 1>+5 Owtl ►u ►tl the ►t,ttive t;t ►vertlt ►letlt . lle WuS fi l,t,ttto1' rctiueti tattites, zitlti, utl lli> rehlril fi•unl I,i511t ► n, I)rout;htover ftu exct•ll('tlt collection ►►f til ►utlisll auttl I'urtttritlcselit,cr►lttlre, Witlt ~vhich ilt' ellriullrtl v ► triutls institutionsitnti lil ►rnrieti .t 11e tlir.tl tlt llis retiitirllce . ut 1)uwitris=cuttat, in 1 8 ~l 2 , ► tt a n mn v ► tnt!etl ►lge . i

    • .1)ut•il ►g the t;rea ter I ►a t~ t ► f J, ► t ;ksotl' l ► rt'sitivricy, Mr .Clay rvsts the leader of' the Whig ~ ► 1 ► I ► t ►si 't ► 11 . The ttnri-vztlletl l ►;u•lialnrntury l ►o~vcrl of tltat, tiullou, 1e ;~der won hihave shttketl a ltltost luly other nlall ; but J ;tcksotl wttsinct ►rl ► t►r ►tteti iutu the ..very I)eilln of' the A mn encan I ►et ► l ► le,►tntl t!utllti uot he ticl ►► trtttetl fi•olu tllen~ . Slill, a ntlute r-etts stntl fi► rutitlal ►le 1 ►►u•ty oI►eyctl the lrttlrlcr of ('I ► ty,

    - illld 11111011g tlleae, Sl'lttttor Port en, of' 14011 lst2tttil, Wa9 on eof tlle ltwat devutetl antl mt►5t ulllc, tlurint; Jacksoll' s

    ,\tbin a century it could canut, in Europe, an Aul'ic Councill ►►r, a( .ov.ernor of' Prague, und a Field Aturnha) Kavan, ► gh, at 1'i ► •nnu ; a l'icid Mar-

    in l'ola ► d ; a ( ~rand ( 'ht► n ► b erl . iit ► in tiaxony ; a('uunt of tho llolyI{unra n Eml ►ir t~ ; a l'rench ('unvrntiuniet of 17l13, C: ► Klrtrv ► i Cava ignac,('u- ► • ► litur witl ► Arnu ►nd Carrel I, and l:ugunp ( ;a v n!guac, rwmu time 1)ictatur,in France .

    t A liî)rtion of hid collection curichna the librarÿ of the Jesuit Cullrga, ai~Yorcuetur, ili ;us.y. • • I

  • IRISIi SI:1"PLF~RS IN NORTII ADIE[:ICA. 115

    second presidency. This gi~ntl v ln;u l was the son of theIiev . Win. Porter, lutstur of' Grey 11i ►hey, Nctvtl ► wn,lrils ,Cl ►llllty llûwn, w110 Wil .`3 C?C('.Clitl.`Il lit the llu ►►r of his i ►w uchurch, fio r trc wiun, in 17 98 . His t ►rl ►hilil son came withan unclc to the United States ; but we sliüll l et th e t ricutlswho nil ►►trl ►ctl his llcuth, record his lifè .

    On t,hc second _ c ► f' February, 18, , I], his tl e iltll was -.ul-nolinccti, by Messrs. Barrow mnll Bcutuil, in the UnitedStates Senate . 'l'I ►cy filrnis lleti this aoiz► ul ►t of his usc-fill and interesting c~irc er.

    Mr. liclitl,u, of' 11Îissuuri, s ,.titl :---11 I iun the oldest 1►c1.s/nul fi'icnli wllun ► the illustriull .y

    tluccitse ll Call have ul ► u11 this f lut ► r, and iuuuu~ ;St the oit lestwhoul lie can have in the Ultitc!l kt,titc :► . It is rit ►w, s;ir,more th,tn the period of' ,t hcncrütiull, -- more tll,ill thethird of n celit,ilry, - silice the tJie n vutigr;tlit Irish boy,Alexander Porter, itl ►ll 1 ►lyse lf met, oui the I ►a lllcs uf' theCuuibe rlmntl River, at Nashville, in the s latte t ► t' 'l'cllll es-se e, when rl ► llintcnccll it fi•i e nt6sliil ► wllich lleütl ► only llil-sc►lvc/l on his ) ►;trt . We I ► t~lt ► i ► ~;htl to it t~irl~lh ut' y1 ► t 111~;lawyers and ` st ► 1111'uty at law, who had tliu wl ► rltl 1 ►cfi ►r()thcn ► , itlttl nutllilit; - 1 ►ilt, thrir e x l'rtiuu 'i to lll'I ► l'n ( l 1 t 1)0 1 1 .F irst it clerk in his llile le ' ;t store, tlie ll it 4tlltll'llt, it, law,and always it lover of' books, tlil ',' yl ► liii g, l'urtl'r was t ► ilc ►of, that c;ircl e, and it was the e ► l,,t0 1 11 l ► f' all Chat 1 ►rlt ► ngcllto it to sl ►enti their Ici s llce hours in the lll'lit;lltiill uvc l il ►;t-tiuli of' reitd il ► t;. lli st,ury, I ► uctry, cluc ► itit ► il, 1 ► it ►g ritl ► Ily,the ennuUlin~; Speeches of' the living and the dead, we ro aour social recrv ittiun ; and the youngest ule niheruf ourcircle was one of' our fitvurito reiulcl:y . 11h, read well,

    ' l ►ecituro lt (' cl ►nil ►rchenllcli clearly, f elt strongly, remarkedbeitutifiilly ithc ► strilcinb I ►usSi ► t;l~s, itntl gave it newillitrluto th e whole with his rich, nl e llifluuus Irish itc-evnt . Itwas then that I b ec)tnie acquainted with Ireland i ► t1 , herchildren, read the ample story of her wrung.9 , learnt thelong lis t Of' her milrt,yr e li 1► ittri0 ty' ruuues, yytill,,ltllllCll 111their fat(', illlll inil ► ibeti the , f`ecling,s for it noble andopprcssetl people-, which the extinction of' My own lifucan uluu© extinbuisll. '

  • 11 Time and even ts dispersed that circle : The yolingPorter, his law license signed, went to the Lower ?11iss is-silipi ;I to the Upper. - Aücl, ye,lr4 afterwards, we met

    Louis lillla, which wm not even it part of' the 1lmericiln ,Union at the time that he and I were 1 ►orll . We mèt

    on this flo ►ir, seniitors from clitliereüt parts of that vics t

    herc; in the session of 1833, pürty tilues,ililct on Opposite si ► ies of the great p,n t,y line ; but wemet as we had parted yea r :; l ► eti ► re . We muet as fri en ► 1s ,i4u ►i th ►► lln;h ofte ll our part, to reply to each otl ►cr ill thoardent, ciebilte, yet neve r did we, ( lu it witli Otll er feelingsthan those with whic .h we were w ont t ►► cli,cu5s our 5u bj ec ts of' recreation on hie h,ulks ù f' the C ► lnll ►erli4ncl .

    11 Alexander I'orter, - it lad of' tender age, .111 1orl ► 11s111, with ü wi d ►►we ► 1 ulotlie r a ll ► 1 y ►► Iillt; children, -t,lie filtlie r ► 1 ►ilrtyred in tll v' i, ;t llse or fceedo i ►► , - an exile1 ►e f1 ► rl .'. he ,vt13 -tv ii yva l :~ 1 ► lll, - all c ► Cv illl to be Crl ►ssetj ' ,and it stra ►► ge land tu - .1 ►o tiev l ► , and it wil ► lernes:c of itt,hous,iaicl miles to be pe net.r,it e ► 1, 1 ►cfi ► rc, he c ► ll ► 1 ( in ► 1 itres f,illt;- place ti ►r th.e tic ►lv or ll k ti ►ot . Ulm, e ► IEl v utio ►ito be itcquirecl, support, to he eilrn ed , i1 ► 1 ► 1 eveu citiietl-Ab il ► W he t ;üiiiv ►1, 1 ►v ti we-lie c c ► ill ► I make his own talentsava iliil ► l ►► Co his support : c ►►nywrillg all these cliflic ► liti v9.by his ow i l , c, xe rf ions , and the fil ►► (' all ütli !cti.►►n,ite llllc l e ,A lr . Alexander l'orte r, sen ., lu ercllslllt or Nash ville, hoSooii itttaliu ► + ► 1 every e;irtllly ol,jeM , v it,he r 1 ► rilliitnt; or , ub-st autiul, fi ►r wllich we liv e 11114 1 strut;t;le iu t .hi .s lifi% Iloil-

    fi ► rtlute., fi•ien ► ls ; the highc?tit proties5iolhtl and lr ►► lit- '

    conclusion to it beginning so hu ► 111 ►le, iillcl ho üpl ► ; ►rccitly

    iAM distinction ; , long i t suprelue ju ► It;e iil - hi s ,l ►lopte ► 1st,lt,e ; twtce it seua tor in th e Goi ►grem o f' the 1111ite. ► 1kslatu4 ; . wearing all his holiors ti•esll and t ;rowil ► g"; to 1 ,11 0last lu ►► tll ent of' his lite, -- 1111 ► 1 the illlill ► Il1iCl'lueilt or hiscl e;ltll fi ► 1l ►►wec1 by tue il ► ljourllln e nt of' the twc ► Ilonses of'the .1vir,rli~ün Cont;resi ! What it noble and c , rc ► wllil ► t ;

    hopeless ! •" Our cl(`c (' ;lsc~ d brother was not an Ami`ric iln• t~itizl'i l

    by the accident of birtll ; lic became -so by the choice of'his own will and by tliy , operation of our laws . Tho

    ,

  • IAISIi SETTI.ERS IN NORTII AMi':RIOA. 1]7

    eventfg o • llis llfe~ and the business of th d:ly, show thi9title to ct zc hih to be as vllllll lll oul• 111neric a ;tis it w ► 1sin the t;re

  • IRIBII SETTLE

    IN NORTII A\IERICA . 11 9

    rea .gonin~, and a conl • ehensi~'eiless :1111j ;tccuricy~ of jutln-nient, whicll ~ jttstly~ i.t•le him to a niclih~., ill the temple ofFauue , in j xtal ►usitiun wt 4-tv.C111 the "' rtt, the _~>ure, theiliînlurta l . Ltrsllall ." ,

    - 'l'his is t le l,tttgtl,tge of enl ogyi, but it colil ► tin5 the ev i=

    L

    I

    clenr,o uf tJackso n

    his race. of Ire l ;tii +

    antl exht ► tinstance,related t

    v inn fi ►un ► l o ~tl ;il truth.

    of his -s5, in this rt-Murtl, ihuve ucen

    Il,ttl ;t n;ttttr;tl, Î► ttt not a blir►tl, li ;;trti, ► lity forI lis l ► elst ► it,tl attendants were nectt•ljR all n,tti~ e3.tntl he Wunltl ct ►ttde,eend to reasi;► n, atl v i,e ,

    t, tltetn, -as if tht-y Nvet•c his ► ~ %Vn f;tntity . M ,tny

    us, by li v itt "; w itnes,es of the lit e t.s . 4IIn 18`,ti, Attcirew Jacksun retired to his 1 + lljrntit,tne,"

    where p ne ye; s of' pettc~efitl repose, broken ~ ►{nl y by thepains 'ttritltnt to ttne, were I;r,ultétl ilill ► . . l W had he-7ucat etl his party itlfluence to, Van I3ure1l ; ;iü ►1 thonu;hti ►t• it time the l)Ou ►tier,ttit ; sueces,i ► nt was tli~-turhetl, hcs,tw it resti ► red l,vfore his death, in tlte elev ;i,fit ►n of Mr.Pol tu .the presidency in' 1844 . He had tt4e t;ralitica-ti~ 1 to see tl vt)to of Ct ►n~;re55, censuring bis- utilit ;tryC n ► luct in l~I luritla, and the fille it ►Il ► t ►st~tl iu 'i~~~• ( ► rlca ns,

    t ► r tlecl ► tt•ing martial law in 1 8 1 5 , rescinilt (I an ► l retitntl-eti . His 1 ►ritlcil ► les ► u %tl 1 ► i ► licy. were e vt'r NN- hel•e sl ►rea ti,an ► 1 sueces,litl ; and it, IN•t ►ul ► l )lave 1 ►i,iVf no illusion ofself-love for him to believe tltat', nexi tt~ 'l'll ►► ttut-5 Jefler-sun, lte had tiuut\tuost to fi►t•ul a n,ttiu t .tl l ►ulity' fi ►t• theUnion, acceptable ; it1 the luaiti, tu e vvS•y ant e rl c an . _

    16-

    0 We have poru4c+l a most kind and charnctcti~tic lotir front tltct ( - cnerzlto M r . \tahrr, the I m hlic Kar+leu e r at c+n the dcuh uf ( lik c•hil-dr en. It is cunct.- ived it ► the,, uwet t'raturnal and hi+rdi al spi rit o t ' sy t n p

    .uhy.

    Jackson e+u:~n t~ r~,+nt, ~e ilmy O'Neil, tl ;+ ! nn more, was once 'mccs in thocirclr of our :+r~lu ;untai+tx . Ncli+re the days +~l,'athr.r \I ;+thr w , pour Jctninywas ),•i v en to sacrifice toi ► freely to liacchua,~nd on th o w. ucca :+i onw asyumrdrather a truuhlrx++mé cuntrul over all v istt+rra and +IH•rllers in the 11 White1[ut kKC .•' Alt+ - rinany cutt ► plainta, Jacksot) decided to distnisy hini, and "nitfi,r him acc++rtlin g ly . I

    Jnc~k .wn . ,Jrin+ny, yo~i and I ntust pa rt .J+•nur+y! W hy so, Ucncral !Jackson . E-ver mie coml w laina'uf }'ot I IJ01 ,+,ny . And It► you believc tltein, (cneral !Jo+Asun . lll' c4unx~, -- what every ?ne eays must be true .

    --`Jty►uny . Wcll' now , (~cucral, I'~~~ heard twice xa much said agaitut youand t ne~~er wou~d t►elievu a word o it !(Esit J"on.)

  • ~ N CIIAPTI;R, XVII .

    r3~,►

    K ~ atl (lit i~ ► t>jtl chtu•che3 w ere beg tin. I ' rc ►ltt the y e a r 1790' on w ,trlls , the clti ef .s ul ► l ►ly of the Auterira lt ttti:,iun \va,

    g rrg ,t 'c ►tt itt llustl ► tt ltttcl" lieeit cc ►llrrteti l ►)r the Abbe l< <

    ' ltu 1 ►'* urc~tl tt t Pnt 91 ►rary c httrc l ► in 5chuc ►l street . 1) r .

    Eu tg l ;tu(1 fi•c ►tu t he Ilc ► ttti ;ttc ►itic tu tlty l' e Itul ► seo t . Ilu

    \. 1 ► Iague i st~lf saw ltiut lru•ntlesy frc ►m it, ~v t ► t :,t, l m ,tuttt s . ll u

    BPàRAP OP (A MrC1~N-f1RAA\I7..\TI11V INT(1 nrr)► 'F:~F'9={t'I ;ATI'rrY IiU10\~-- .80UTIIr:ItV DIIP .'IU\.11 - 111~IIUP F:V(iL\NI) -- Ull .\RI , I:~1Y111'\ CUV\'M:VC \.jiUN\F.11rA . U. I834 -T tlIt1:AT l'O\TR111't:R9Y .

    TtrH: Illlitetl'St,tteg coi ►stitut ioti 1 ► ;tcl5wel ►t away stlrt ;clis - nhilities un Cuu'cicttcr, fln(l, thuttglt 1► rc'Jullice ï•em,tineci ,

    ol ►rn pVr,ec~utiutt was seP11 itt the lautcl ttu more . 'Ne wtlli5,it ► ltis were fi ►rutecl, seutiu ;tritr~s werc c ► p ene ll, :uttl'iustn)C

    - I%u I('r,trncè ,tnli It•el,tutl . In 17 9G, Cathl ► lie i;ut in theea, g,tiuetl ,t tl'e,t5ttre, in tlte; l ►er,oit of iIr . Clleveïîts ;stfter y;tr(1> C ;trllitl,tl in l'rinre. 'l'hc~ fit:st . Cntltulic cult-

    ~ i ► itre ,\a l'reltc;lt ttl ► l ;liti, tluriun the reV( ►Itttll ► llilry W;tr ,

    - Chrveru , ttt ►t c c ► t ► linittg hiiu,elt' tu the 1'it', trstVrt•,ccl New

    l e;trite tl ~atglish, ;lllll C\'eit the Iucli ; ► tt tlialcct~, tô ltl ;tkelti> mn i5 . . ult untlcl~•tuutl . Ile tra vrlletl f'rl ►ttt lil ► use tuhl ► usr, il li( ► .tl ►n, 1 ► t't.,utt;tllÿ' visiling lliti fluck . I'rrjtt-tlice h,tt ttu ti ►rtre,s ,tg,titlst hint, l ;tt ►ur 1 ► u terr ►► 1:s ; the

    ` t~ ju,tlÿ~ rc~~•eretl as utte of the fitthel :s ut' tltc~ ~1lueri~~ituCl~ur~~lt :f ; iutcl, trttly, thu,e wltu kttew ltilu, - evelt . thusèclrif, th ltis tc ►iC trinc'> ,~ ,-- utlutit~th;tt ho► le d tlt > ~ 1i1~ of auu1 ► 1 ► ,tlc► , wurtlty of' the Cross .

    In~i\j ►ril, 1808, l'uhu •l'ius VII . issuetl lli, Ilull erect-ing li;tltititure, intu un Archbi5hc ► l ►rie,* ,tttcl fixing four

    ttt li,u•cistûw•1t, I'hilucill ►hi;t, New York, tncl Ilustuu ,On tl►o 31at of May, I 82 1, the Catluedral of Baltimore, the building of

    y' 1 ► il•h had I ►cen l e}lun in 1 800 , su s pended durin g the H'ur, and re-com-►5 ► eure(1 in I 8 17, waa+ eonsPerati'd . 'l'Ile fi ►rnr is that ot' n cross ; its lenl;th,IIiG li+et ; hreadth, 77 li ► 't ; and trrn ► s ;► thh transrlit, 115 G'l't . It yrt \vanty

    ' - 11

  • .

    1 21 A HISTORY OF THE

    the field of Catholic missions, and still further strèngth-

    The Re v . '~Mess l -s , I~ l ;l~et, Ccmc ;lnen, 1:~;;tn, and Che~~errl9,cl)ll4l`cl~lt('ll t0 the se~•t.'I•ül 5eC'S . 1 ' 1111 ti, of, the 01•1g-

    in ;tl fic,~e N%. llo made the IIirr,trchy of' the Union, Francecutttril ►tlte,tl two and Irel;uttl three .

    About the year 1800 , the C;tthulic mi ,s,iuns llc -;ul tobe fi ►rlnetl beyond the Ohio, ► tnti in a 1èw yt 41 r8 hec - ;lulebut}l tlunre rous and important . The accession ofLou- tu tue Union, it, .Icflèl:sun's 1 ► rc s itlen cy, extende d

    V nrtl the chui'cll in the st ►nth-«•est. . The tiiuce5e of11 rk ;trts;ts, and ;u•~ll-tl ► ocesu of S t . Luiiis, are, • recentcrestt iuns .

    In 1791, the luissit ►it of Charleston was tù~lntletl . ~~ L~that year, a nillltl ►e r of intii V itiu ;tls of tll ;tt e 1 ► 111111t11110r1,chiefly u;lti ves of' Irel;uitl, ;15>uci ;lt~~tl to(;cth r fi ►r public~~ ursllil~, cllu>e ;t ~~~stly,

    and, 1)Ilt t}1('llls-ehunder thu41 ;lt•e of lli,llt ► p Carroll, of Baltimore . 'l'I~e II~~~• . Dr.I~e;tti ll~ uflit~i ;ltt~tl as their luini>tel'. I'lll trutil,le :; il lFrance and the WeA liitli es suun 1 ►rull 'ht l~~ l ;trt;e iiuc es-,i ►► rl to thV ir nnntl ► e r. Unti er the ►tu,l ► i ce .'s t!f the lc;trnetl;ulii clutfu erlt 1)r. (i ;tll ;t~ht~r, they Il ;t l- e litlilt, url;unizetl,and ul~t;tiut~tl_ in~t ►rlwr;itiult ti►r it respectable chtu•cll inChtirleaon .''

    *

    To the t;t ► v ernnl e nt of 'that suutllern mission wasc ► rtl ;tin eti, in (lie year 1820, the most I ►u w erfitl inte ll ec tw llich had y et u ► illi s t v retl at the ;tlt ;tr in 11ulericu . 'I'huge n e r;ttiun of ;tl ► t ► ,tl es lia il 1 ► us,e tl, -- the eunf'e„t ►1s had nowrwue ;and 1)r . l;ng l,tlui stands, llntitle,tiun ;tl ► ly, thefi ► rvnlt ► 'A,ut' Ylïv h ;tntl, w Ile tll er w e look for n;ttur;tl parts,

    '.ulit) lear•Ililtg , ri;;itl sv ll=tl ►nni ;tl, or tinlnitig;ltrtl labor .Iü,liul ► 'John Enf;l ;tnt .l was 1 ►urn in Cork city , on tho23 tl of' S i~l ► tvnll ► er, - 1786 . E ltlc ;tte tl r ► t l tl urtl ;tinetl ► lt ~Qnt•lmv ~ Colle v, lie rettlrn e tl to his native city in I 808 . J

    For twelve yeula lie labored there without t;estsinbr. Ilo :the portici on the western frnnt' ; but through the e xertiunr+ of an aa.w ►cin-ti o n li~rm~~d li~r thc 1 iurl~uar, it has Well attrruundcd by a h ;tnda~itne ir on rail- 'ittu, and a tw , xt~m'y I~~d }{e has been enT tcd . i

    . • Hamaay's South Cari d ina, vol . ii ., p. 37 . This paxsaRo was probablywritten about the y ear 17 NO or 7, and consequently shows that Ur.1:a11uQhe ► r.', .''wns the precureur of Dr . England .

  • IRI31I SETTLEft9 TV NORTEi' A\iEitIGA ~, • 1.,3

    origin,ite(1 0, circ ►il,iting lihr;irv, yt,irte d an d e ►iited the" Religious, Rel ►osit ►►ry," ~i iu ►►► i tl i lv i fl , ►g ,irine, c ►intrib-tite ► 1 tu the ' ' C ► ~rk Chr►► i ► ide," tl ►e lrit ►•i~ ►tic. org,in,lectured three or fuür tiiu es ,l ~vet~k at the C,itl ► iilrai, : ► i ► i I'et sitten i l ed to , ► ll the da ily person . ► 1 dutie, of the inis :ion .

    One nee`I nl ► t 1Vo1111er if, ;ifter hweIve ye ;u•.3 of , ► tch l ;iiri ►i,,his depsirturc fi•om Cork W. ►s 1 ; ►n ► ente ► 1, by ,ill ► len ►► I i ► ii Ia-tions, as a n c. ► l ;uuity to the cit.y. On the l,i`t day ►►f1 $ 20, hc 'airriveci nt Ch ;irléyton, h :ivinn heen i:on>eçratednt Cork tti thè 1 ►rc~~iony Sel ► temher, 1 ►y thr Itt . liv. I)r.1liurl ►hy,. a,sistcd by the lfishol ►, of (),:ury and Ricli-ttton ► i .

    The statcs of North and South Cari lii ► ,t ►►nil Ge ►►rgi;i,as Sub,eqiteiitlv the Vic, ► riutc of Il;ivti, were 1 ►l,cedun ►ier his el ► iscujr,il ,luri3ili ► :t ii ► ii . S iirvev~iiig tl ►e ground hew ►4s to govt~ru , th e ii ►dui>>its ► I ► I ► : S I ► irit ►►f' tl ►e gre, ►t I ► ish ►►hfi ► un ► 1 ► lifli iiilti ► 's ► 'n ►►► inh f~ ►r the u ► o.t, 1 ►eroic t ►► fi ►ce . 'l'1 ►cvarie~ty al ►~I exteut, ~ ►t' hi, fir;t, lai,ors are i i ► 1 I icated ►►y ,lcongenial 1 ► i+►gr, ► 1 ► I ►er in the f~ ► Iluw ing I ► ,issc ►ges :- -

    " But the herald of the ('ru•5 h,id 1 ►een ' an o int~~d ' tothe huly iui„ioi~ ''witli the uil of gl,i ► lnes, alu ► ve luis fe l-1 ►►w3 ! ' 'l'he ci ► lil;htene ► 1 ,in i i ,iccoinl ► lisl ►► 'i 1 ri ti zens ►► t'the south 'verç se e n cr ►► w ►ling , ► ruuu ► 1 l i is 1 ►u11 ►it, ► lelig l ► t e ► 1by his el ►► i Iuence ; ;ilrishe ►1 by his lea rniug, asti nu i,l uci l byhis lugic, - rea ► ly tu excl, ►im with I ► iiu ►►f ►► l ► l, ' .\lu ►o,tthuu per,wolest !' Cl ►nrches, t e nil ►on•ary irn m ;iteri~ ► l,sln ► 1 s! ►gltt 'iu striictnre , it is tr ► ie, 1 ►u t, snital ►le fi ►r .théexigency, r►► ,c :u• ►►und hini like exhalati ►► n, . A ► v ►iitititn-tiuit ~V .L s f ► riue ► l, a i n 1 tl ►c ►liuce,e iucorl ► irai e ► I by 1egulcharter, whi ►:h, while it reserve ► 1 tu tl ►► : Iii'lmul ► ;tll 1 ►uwetse„enti,il t►► ►liscil ►line, and rel ►res,ive tu schisiu, t;ii,ir,ui-t('ell el'l'.1l'slilltlc 1 ►rl ►Ill'ty t( ► lt1 legltiln a te u.j l'stlllatlUll ,rugainst the 1 ►us.tiil ►lc l,il ►se of hin ►,eIf ►► r hi, succe,sui :s ;am l, by intro ► Incing the 1 ► rincil ► Ic ►►f 1 ► iil ►lic z ► n ►1 strictitccunntal ►ility iiitu the i»ananenieiit of' ecclesi ;i,tical rev-enues, ay,iirc ► 1 t ►► hiiu the confidence of' a 1 ► i : ►► 1 ► Ie 1 ►r►► V( i'-1 ► iully jealuu3 uü ;ill sul ►,jéct5 coiunrctc ►] witl ► the 1 ►► ii:,e . '

    lli3 fii st .ui ► 1 brea tcst wunt was that of' u l ) uhulurclergy, llis d iocese, liku niost j) oor and tliiiily-peopl©d

    ~

  • A IIISTORY OF THE

    iulitell i his owtl l)erson the sehot►lnlaster :111(11 doctor of '

    ing , and hul ►it,-funüli~itizell, by long éx ( ►cricncc, w ithall the practical working:i:of . our itoliti ( •,ll system .

    With these ~iews he founded i0,ciuin;try . But how,111 the destitution of l ►ecutli,u•y me;ln~, n•,s it tiS he stil)- i1)ortell 'r A is j~tl)i ► l observation llet e cti ttlle l,lllguishin~;state of rt llilnellt;try elluc~ltion : Ile ln c l ►r )or;ttcll it cl,i5- .sicd and •ci entific ut'ull e uly With his . lliu~î~~;~n sV nlil ► :u•y ,

    Men of talent anlllnhrit were of ewt;er re ►lue5t,«•herenot only t;re,tter teml)ural a(ivantat;ms, but ampler ohhor-ttulities to l o good, in~•ite ► l,4 tlletn . His stul e x l)erience,too, NrAth snle valuahle ., co itborel s , whom ze ,ll of uutr-

    l)n , tlttr~tctell to thattyrllom, or âttacliulent to'`t i : per ..~ ~tinsidious clllllilte, coliv illcei r{ - lli`tn of the necessity of e flu-cating a native clergy, or ~itstr one conlj)sell of snch aslong and early acclimation init;ht sehln to etl s-tire a~,tinstbein; cut off in the niiclst of tllelr nsefillnes4 . ' I le attuchh~i, •also, the utnlost im porta nce to what ulit;llt be callell the~ .natura liz,ttion' of Çatholicity . . lle lll• sireli that it shouldno0 lon~;er be regarded ns Ftllç r~lit;iotl of the str,lnt;er ; butthat its I111111Ste1 :3 should be Atueric,tn, in principle, fèel-

    nnes, had been a city of refuge to outca .5ts from otllers

    . llivinityand his entl)ryo theologi .-tn3 were subsisted bythe ve r mitans that cl)llsignell his f ;ither' to it j,-

  • . ~ _

    IRISII SETTLERS IN NORTII A :1fERICA. 26 ,

    a pplying his unri v,llle(1 tcl instl•Ilct an(l ple;lse, as

    the wunders of ll,it(II'(; or the heautifull cre;ltiuns ( ►f tuin(l,

    ages ( ► f tll;lt, Illl~ll,lllll',l spll'lC Uf lUlilOl' tll .lt SU ( ►ft('li l'til'l'l('S

    III tue 1 ► 1 ( ► uH l ~ ►f it, V jet i ni the llupes ( ► f' ;111 ad mi ring cu(u1-

    able li ves luust pr( ►h,il )ly pre,er v e(l . I Ili( ve li s te llc(1 t(lhi ni, 718 W i~ll lu e rl'y tl'illlupll, illl(l lllls l ►a ri 11g l ►Ut I ► lay1111

    g i v illg 0ffi91c0 , ~ 'hile prulllult ;;lting the lllu,t injllri(nls

    ter, Iwt ulWuys, l)erliu[ ►s; pcrf:ect ill iitccury llulisll ;

    I;nt thé hisho p's comprehens i v e fi ►rcc,lst wa .linlite(1 to pr(~ject3 cennecte(l erclnsively with his 0W 1imule(liate ( ► 1 ► jcctg. lIe ilifilse(1 new life , l ►y his energy,illtu the Philus(iphical ,tn(1 l.iter,lry Association, ( ► f whichhe cOntitllle(l till (len th ai . hunore(1 and usefill Illenlber ;

    h,l)pily tu the suhject3,of scicntific ( ►r critic,ll cunteInpla-tiull, as t(1 the more zlccllst( ► lued t( ► pics c ►f' lli5 sacre(1 c ;lll-ing ; but, ever ainling t► i halluw his inte llectna l ( ► tlering,zul(1 (lirect the iltteiltiull ( ►f his (lelinhte(1 ;lnditury, fr( ► ni

    to the ' .1 ut h( ► r ( ►f erery guud and pi~rfi.+( .t gift . '~.~ II e witllessr(i witll gri e f' ».n ► 1 hurr( ►r t,llc M( ► 1( ►cll rav-

    (lcs( ► l,ltioIl tn t he 1 ► ( ►,onl ( ►t' sullthrrll s ►uciety ;(lnenclliïr;

    tl' )' ( ►►' of (1~ ► 11 ►e,f i(; ;Illecti(nl . 1[e r;lllir l l ;ll ► ~ ►Ilt Ililll tliCclliv;Ilrv ( ►t' (,' ;Ir ►►lill,l, in ,(Il 11nti-I ) uc llillt; Society, of«'hi c li (I encrai 'fhuuuls ~'illc~~cn(~y, of' re~•ul(lti( ►nary fume,~~• .Is the ~~(~n(~r~lt(~(1 lrre,i( ent ; ;In(l, tllr( ►ng ll hi>. ( ► ~~'n prrs( ►Ilul a cti v itv, lra(•ke ► 1 lly t,lle lu( ►r;il influence ►►f' tl ► .It assu-ci7lt loti, .,I11 aTly 11 (1 ,tilr In('etinn s W('re I ► r(`~: t'ntl`(1, illlll valu-

    ri(liclllc, he has talk e(1 u \: rl', w ith ►► t;,lll ;uit. ufli('er, th e ir('( ► llilt('l' 111 : I 1 lUl'I1 V l'l`S, 0I1 Ulle IllO st tut crest 111g Occasion ,iul(l r('J( ►ice(1 uver his oppellent,'s lr, ► flle(1 love ((f' mitischiief

    t[0 tinlnll the C,(thulic 1 ►(ldy i ►1 Alncric1 ► (1efi'11cWlcss .'l'lle secul ;lr prss «• ►ts iti the halls ( ►f' peh( ►ns s( ► utterly

    Il s l ;l ve ► 1 lly tllç (lclusiuli of' t.h,lt t;re at c ( ► Il,l ►iracy ;ll ;a intit,,trutll, tue histul•y :I11(1 literuturè ( ►f E ngl,lil(1 firc the lust

    ` t.llr('(` l?e11tUric`3, tha t writel`3 ~VCre uftl`Il unC(1nSciyils ( ►f

    lui>,tatrnleIlts ( ► r sc1scles5 : ► 1 ►>ur(iities . . Of' the juurntllspr(lfcstie(1[y relif;iuuy it is urlnecess;u'y tu sl)emtk . 11eest ► it ► lislle(1 the " United States Crttllulic Miscellltny," iln(I .'ti ►nu(1 tune, ►lllli(lst lus immense itn(1 vtlriulls occupations,tu yupl ►ly its co1(Ilulls with uv ►istt ,Ilnuutilt of original nat-

    11 *

    t

  • I Aoid6 A üISTORY OF THE

    if lie h,l ► 1 re,ul o ver th e blotted nlanliscrilit before it w ,,Lq• llllrrie d to the printer ; btlt,ll w ,lys resistless in reasoning,

    charming by it> fie rv i d clutluence, tlverwhclulint; with itsaccnuiul;ltetl crud itit ►n . M uny of thusç essays, which theimportance of the slll ►ject, discussed in duc ed hiill t oe xtcn ► 1 thrull -h a 5 v rie5 of nunll ►crA , have l ►ccn ct ► llectt• ( lin such guise as poverty coull ►clletl the ln to Nt•eau', - likethe heru of the l) ►ly s'5ey in r;lns at I the palace -~,Itr, --bnt a w i ►ler c ïl'cul,ltiun- Avill yet be given them, and tilturet;e ile r;ltit ►113 look w ith gratitude and tl e lig°llt on the fillfil-tuellt of the 111 t ►► lc5t p lctlt;e that aluloullce ► 1 theul to the«'t ► rl~l :" --

    'l'he ATscdlcz,ly was ,innrnlncctl t o ctmt ;lin -" `'l'he simple explanation and temperate maintenance

    of the ► lut'trine of time Roman Catho lic Chllrt . h ;` in ex hiU-itill~ which, its c~ ►n~lucttl'► i are led to hope tll~lt manysell,il ► le I ► er>un, w ill , be astonished at, fin d ing they haveitlll ► Iltc t l to Cutll ►► lic S , iit ►ctl'incs which the Uutllulic. (;hurcl ►has ti ►rlually t'ull ►lenlne ► I, and imag inillt; they were cun-

    For two and t wenty years, I)r . I:nhl,ln d was spared to~

    of sl ;l ve ry, un Ilisturi c;ll cliltl 1 ► l ► ilu'ul ► llit' t11 sul ►j ec ts , fil l

    tra ► liutiu~; C;lthulics, when they heltl l ', ;ttht ► lic doctrinethcnl,e l ve,.' " * . '

    the church in the sont h . In ,Ill tllc~c he was th eI ► rinw 14-~;ia ;lt ►►r Id ' hi s t .►rtler . , ,` He w :~., "()Iv alutll or of thel'n ► v iut'i . ► I l' 11 I111 ► •il ';," W hicll ,I~tit~ull ► li, ;Illlin,llly at ltulti-nlt ► rt~ .t ll e wa ., . a lul ►►,t the first, to give to ( .,utllulicity itlitt+ratllre and a .0u 111 ti in dis Uuit~tl titutl~s . llis ~•;u•iuus~~•ritiu~;s on fit(. tl~ ►t'h~iuts of tlle ch lrTh, un the instit ution

    fÎ1'C 1 .11-c volumes , which lllll 'it c %' ( ' l't`1117t111 tllllt)Ilb themost 1 ► rec iutl, l vm;,lci es of' the Anle l'it-ui Church .

    OI1 d iv . 1 1 th of' A I ► ril, 1 84 0 , the ) 1► i,11 ( ► 1 ► rxl ►irrtl, atl:h,ll'l e>tuu : The chief journals u~itl ,i t;ttcrlucn of' the5t ► litll l't'llilt'l'l'd s l ►Ulltailt'Ulls llt ► 11161~;e I t t ► llll Ilil'llll ► l'y . Allu ► Illlitt e ti t11 ; ► t

  • , ,° IRISIi SETTLERS IN NORTII AMERICA . \ 1 27

    ti

    and the earth sh oulcl therefi ►re be clùtthly c.~ ;lretill of thel iwhile she has them .

    ariseli his equal. "Sucil men arè not ofteil givell to en It ,

    of its prelates at the tinlé we write, - there has ot

    1)llrillg the life-time of Ili-;hop I;nnl;tn~l, the mostpainful circnulstallve c .► c.curr ►~cl, of the 1 ►urnin;~ ►► f the ( ' ►►11-vent, fuun(ied i111S?tl, by Bishop I+'vmvick„ .It ( ;h;lrle,tuwtl)Mass. ., New England, an lllllzullgelllal ;1 aU111 f( ► l' -C1)111't'llts, .had been shocked by the, fi ► un(lin~; ► 4' a huuse of Ursu-lines in the ne .lr neighborhood of 111,111ker's Hill ., 011Slln ►1,1y, Allnn,t lOth, 15 :;4, ll.ev. 1)r,i11ev ►•llvr ► lelivere ► 1three., l ►hilil ► l ► ics, in three ► lifl~ r ►~nt church~ ., against theinstitution, - ;1. course in Nvhich he hail nlall~~ iulitatul•' .ltumo1:s were also ,Irttillly ciréul,ited of a yc ► lln~; ladybein0; illuilurvd in a ► lutl~;eull of the Convent . - O11 \1 ►►11-clay, iii-lit, A11~;ust 1 Ah, tar h,lrrvls were li-htr ►1 near thehou-se, ►►y ,1 l;ru111 ► of illcrll ► li,tric~s, „•hc- ► ,rere s ►►►► 11 j~ ► ille ► 1by it tlllllllltllc ►I1s c•ruwcl fruut . Ch,lrlestc ►mu and ]iostull .The cletail, of this 1 ► llr~l :iry and s:lcril ►~ne are. set Forthuy it sul ►-cc ►u ► lllittee. 'clt' citizelli of ,13ostcm, ( %V h o gave

    thc retl~~at ut lier little -11uck and te~rifiecl sisters into th éand lit thls tlltc~r~~ul (lie governess wù~ cli,lhlecl to secur@

    cl~~ ► 1. ~ After the fir~t uttatck, the - ~c.~s ;til .~i ► ts pttusecl,il« hilc ; front the ti~;lr tint soute secret fùre:u «•,4s cull-ce, ► leci ~tiil the cun~•ellt, or iii ~Ilul ►usll tu surprise theui ;

    thcul,~ co«itr~lice 1 ► rolullte~i what lnercy and nuulhood

    se~~er;cl weel:s, to the im•esti g ~ ltll)11,) in the • fullu~~•ill~;report :

    "~~t, the tille of titis ,Ittack 111 ► ~ ► i1 the i'unV cllt, therewere ~~~ithiil its, ~~~~lll~ .1 hullt sixty tiul ;llc~ c~llil ► lrel ► , and tell1 1 ► lulta, c ► llc~ of % ~•hunl Ar~l.~ in the l_Is t s t ;lnc~s of' pulmonary;ulisulul ►tic~11, ~llluthc~r 5ufli`rin~ un ► lc~r convulsion fihs , andtlle u1lh ;tlll ►y fieu ► ,ile ~~•hu had been the inlnle~li ;itc~ c~lusoof the ex~~it ► ~uicllt ~t•,1 s ," uy the agitation of the Illallt, ~i.l i

    ,~~No ~~~,u•llin 0; A~•~ls gi~•int; of tl~e , illtenclecl assault, norCoull~ the miscreants by whom it ~\•il`3 nltlilÇ hil~'e _ 1{Ilo~SIlwhetli~ir their ulis3jl~;s. miht not kill ur woillici the hell ) -li~xs ulul,ltes of this, ► le~•uteci cl %~•ellinl;. 1~'urtunately fùr

    :,-

    ~, •

  • 128 A IIISTORY OF THE

    garden : Ililt l ►IThre tllis vV;1S fillly eiThctei1,tlle rioters,findi ►l~ they h:ul n ►►thin; 1 ► nt w ►►ulen ,llld cllildrell tf ► c ►►11- .tell(l ,lnain,t, reg ;iine ►1 tlleir cOur,lg ► ', ,ul ►l, erc/ull theilun,ites c ►tnl~l escape, elltered the hilil~lil>, .

    " It ;lpl ►ear3 t,l i ;it, cluring thc',e 1 ► 1'uce e ► lings, the mag-istrate al ►o\'e refi;rrecl to, \vitl i ,lll otller Of' tllc~ sclectlileil,117111 ill'l'l\'CII, il 114 1 Cllt(`r('il tue C(111\'('llt \1'ltll the l'111te1'3,foi' the lllirl ► u>e, alS t,iiey st . ► t e, of' as•i,tillg it .5 illnlaltes .'I'lle 11 1 0 1 ► lia( l 110 \\• full llu s,e;,iun I I f' tl W l n )ll,r, ;lu~l 1011(1crie5\vrre he,i n l fi )r torches ►n• li ;llt,. One of t he lilag-ish•site5 inlilesti ► 111 . u\ ' ;lil~l hill ►se lf ►► f' tlli>_ cry tu ► leterthe rio te 1 :s fi'►lill firinthe 1 ► nilIlilln ; 1 ►y st ;it.illn tll ;it ifli g llt s \vote 1 ►r ► lll ght tlley nlinllt 1 ►► ' ►letcc tel I .

    "'l'hree 01• finir #o rclle> ; \\•llicll \ve re , o r llreci,elyre5e ►nhled, e ►l,,iile torc lws , were t.llen ln'om;;llt llll f i'onlthe l'l ► IUl ; tlllll llllllll'(llatt'ly lll ► l ► Il tlll'll' tll'l'i\'ill, the 1'll ► tl,'I:sllrucee ►letl i ► ltu ► '\'Cry ruuill in tlle l Uuililillg , rifling e\'ery►Ira\vo r, ► lesk, a ► l ► I trnllk, \vllic•h tll ey fini uni, a ►ul 1 ►re a kiliglil ► f1141 ►le,tru y iilg ;ill the filrllitlire, ,in i l c ,lstillg ulli ch ►► f'it 'frulll` t he \vin ► 1 ►►ws ; s,icrifiri ►ig ; ' in tlle ir I ► rilt ;il filry,co`tly 1 ► i,1 ► 1 ►►-ti ► rtes , ;in ►1 ll;irl ►s , ;ln ► 1 ►►tller \',lln ;il ► le illstl'n-lurill•, the lit tle fre ;lslli'e~ 4 ►1' the clliIll r Cil, ,lh,ul ► 1 ►► 1 ►e ►1 intheir 11 : ►sty (ligl ►t, all ► 1 'cve ►i the ves,els aul ►1 syInhuls ofChl'i .ti,lil wul's ili1 ► . -

    subseclueiltly, thru\vil the veStlllellt :3 11SC11 Ill l'elig~c ►us ser-vice, .in ► 1 the ornanlellts of' the zilhir, these tihuut3 allcl

    was \vrenche ►i fr►llu its 1 ► l aco ,inci c ►1st illtu the fluwes ; ils

    :\ l't O r li ;l v illg fhiis ralls,icke ►1 e\'e.ry ruuul in the 1 ► uil ►i-in~, tln' y 1 ►t'ueoo~led,' vvith f;re,it ► ielil ► ei'atiI ►n, ,il ►uut cille'0'clc ►uk, tu ► u;lkO 1)r► ' I ►ar,iti ►► lis fi ►r s(~ttillg fire to it. 1 ►' ►irt.llis llurllose, l ►roke ►1 tilrnitturc, l ►cu ►lc,, clil'tai ►ls, and utherC(llil}llltitll ► le 11171t1`l'I a l s , \1'l'l'l ; t)l;llll'll 1 ► 1 tlll' l'(` ► ltl'l' 1)f 5l'\'-el'ill of' tllt', l'i1l)111s ; ;lil d , as ► f Ill Illl ►Ckl'l'y of (i~ nI i4`i \vl'llas of' nl ;ln, the Bible \vas cast., \\'itll shutts of' exultation,ullc ►il the pile fil s t ki ► ldlecl ; and as ullc►n tlli5 \veru

    ye ll5 \vere relleate ►l . Nur'cli ►1 thi~y ce ; lSl) until the cross

    • the final t.riliml ►11 ut' this fienlllike elltèrprise .".1Sut the \vurk ►►f ► i estruut ►un c 11 ►1 ilc ►t 'e 11 ►t here . Suon

    after tLe, convent w ► 1s in tl .~lues, the riuters pusseci on to

  • IRISII SETTLERS IN NORTII ADIERICA. 129

    the liur:lry, -or hi i, linp's lodge, whicll stoo (l liear, ;cli ll, :lfterthrowiil". the 1 ►0ul:, and 1 ►ic•tnres •fr01n the Nviudow,, al ► rey to tllu,c N~ itlu. ►tlt ; fircd• til ;tt, :tlso .

    Some time :lftcrwanl,, they hroceCdC(Ufo the f;trnl-housc, tilrluerly uccnl ► ie ( i as the c ►► Il vcnt, and fil:,t makinga similar :lss:lult Nvitll stones and ultll m 111 ►►► I1 the iJool :s(III(] win ►low,, ill ol•► lcr to, ascertain whethor they lld• :lily-tllill~; to fio ; ► r fi•onl 1 ► rt:> ►► Il,3 withill, the torche, cvrrc drlil ►-eratcly :11 ► 1 ► 1ivd to that btlil. lillg ; :lli ( l, nllcvilling to haveeue • ( ► I ► j e ► ,t collnrct(A Nvitlt the etit :tl ► lisluuent to escapetllçir t'►Iry, :lltllun};ll the ► lay 11 :1 ►1 l ► r )ke 11, 11111 tlu•e e h ► lil l l-ln 0;, tlleu in fl,lult•") ►n• rc ►lucc ► 1 t ►► ' :l,llc .,;, the cxt.cn-Sl1•l` bal-11, 11'ltll it Culltt`llts, \\' :15 in like I11 . 11111('l' Il('\•i1t v I1to ► 1estril c lim l . And, not, culltent with :tll tlli~, they llt l r;topen The t o ,lull () f' the es t :ll ► li sh lu e nt, rilled it ( ► f' the •a~lr~ldvc»vl, there di~pc ►>itcti, wre,t,ed the plates 11 • mu1 the c ( ► f=fiu ,;*, and vxl ►u,o~ ► 1 to vivw the liluul ► lc•riu ( ; i•rultills „f theirtenants . "

    '.l'hk roIlort, is ,igilc,il by Ch :11•l0 .8 G . L ►► riil g- , c ll ;lirill:lll,and by it~ .muinjittrc of tllirty-sevrll 1 ► er,ul ► ,, i m

    .lu ► liup; sc N •-

    cral vluillvnt, 1e";;11 and political cll :tr:lctrr.S .But it w:t, not : ► l ►►Ilc wit.ll the t ►► rcll and the til o t

    th;lt I3i,11 ►► 1 ► l;nt;l:ln ►l'y cant,e lul ►ur,tri c 5 w ► •l'v assailed.The;, the , . . , , ~ •• , ~, 1► 1111 ►it :Ill ►1 the prc 5~, tin• sc,v ► r;ll .~tt ► , ► ~ ► ~~i~~c, y„c. :u•s,

    N 1~vru chiefly -uccI11 ► ie ► l Nvith wll:tt, For 1 ►rrvity, Nve mayc;ill the grr : ► t Catholic Lolltrovcl :sy. I)1:, . U' FIullrrt .Yand llr. vc ll ► •1•, :tt . Boston ; llr3 . Lcvili> and l'►►wt•rs :I~;.lillstI11 ►;»I:A . llruwlrlc ► cv ull ►l otllcrst, at New York Messrs .1111 g lle, :tu ( l lici• c,k ► •lli•i ► I~;ç, in l'llilu ► l ► •Illlliu ; :11 vtisr;. l'llr-ce l ,tll ► l C;;liul ► l ►► • j I, i`l-C'iu c inurlt,i, dcl ►;Itr ► l V1•ry fillly ll>_ut ;rva(t, 1 ) ► kint, in ► li~4l ► lltv het,cveen tllc Cllllrch and I'r ►► tr.st-iulti~lll . Jlu ► .Il tll~~ul ►►~ic :ll° .In ► i llistol•ic:Il Ictarllin, wasIu ;lllitiestc ►1 ~ c :ul 1 S i de , but the ► l e tien ► I ers ►► f' C:Itllulicitycoutil :tfr ► r ► l to 1 ►tllrli .,; ll the :u•g ulut•nk ►► f' _ tlleir o l/li ►► llclltsand tltcir owll, - ,t'dec.l .u•atiol>, of' confidence iii tllrir ownstlouc,s~;, which was not assumed on the other side.

    tn• Phil :l ► Iclflhi,ti tho cout ►•o*rrsy was lxerlle tu:tte ► 1 lont;-o st, :11 ►4l with le,lst result of t ;ootl . Sunlc; nlill ► .► t• cuutro-vcrti5w, Illlllil g lll ir ill sarCttsul and Cillllllllly VIl the ono•~ ~~ . • .

  • 1 30 • iIIBToRY OF TIIE IRIS!! SETTLERS, , ETC.r'sidé, culle(l down retorts and philippics on the other .The imprudence, also, of certain natilralizecl citizens,and , the l,rollell(',ss to f,lction in great cities, produced the,sczln~l,ilous riots of -_tihe ycar 1844, in that city, - usubject which requirés a separate ch,lptcr.*

  • .

    CIIAPTE-R XVIII .

    AMERICAN eYMPATRY FOR IRELAND-UNITED• IRIe11Mt :Y-TIIE CATiIOLIO EMANOI

    PATION MOVEMENT-IRI9II JOURNAL9-AOITATION FOR " A REPEAL OF TIIBUNION" WITII ENOLAND- INFLUENCE OF MR. O'CONNELL- THE ATTEMPTIiDREVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT OF 1$4$-dYMI'ATIIY WITII ITS PRINCIPLEB .

    A, NATURAL consequence of the large emigration fromIrelanci to America was, that a deep interest cojltinuellto be felt in Irish aiT'ilirs by the emigrants • themselves,and all whom they could influencé in this .Republic .' ' Wehave seen -Benj llinln Franklin, the Father 'of AmericanI)il)lomacÿ , sililctlonlllb ~; 11C11 an llltlillllcy so' early its1771, Inilintllllllnb, evÇll then, that Alnericil and Irelandhad a common illterest in resisting the centralization ofsuch vast political power in Loilclon .

    "'l'lle United Irishuiçn" wëre the first organizedAI11er1Can syllll)ilthl7,CI's in Irish political movements .They were stroll r ellollbll - to excite the attention of thethen British lllllllster , Sir Robert Î,iston, and their systentWas pleallell its !L justi(ication (slfter , the fiwt) for theemac finent of the Alien Law . No doubt , the discourtesyshuwil by Iiufils King to the imprisoned United Irishluenin EIlghlnll and Scotl illlll , wlttin they applied for pii~s-1)ort3, wits inspired, in the first place, by the recollectionthat their American colleagues had been rather trouble-sonle to the A (lalus,ziliulillistriltioll.

    When the Ca tllolio enlunci piltion movement began toassume national proportions,-. betwecn the years 1820and 1830, --- vilrious sooieties ~vro formed in our largocities, luuler the title of « Friends of Ireland ." In NowYork, Emmet, A1cNevin, Sampson, and the 0'Connors,lent great importance to slll ;h an organization ; 111 Phllil-llelphi,I, the 13inns anll others ; in Boston, John W .James ; in' Charleston, - I3ishop I:liglald ; in Savannahand. Mobile it had active proniotcrs ; in Now Orloalls, St.

  • 1 3 2 A .IIISTORY OF TII E; .

    . .. , . _ .

    Louis, Cincinnati, :in ►1 Detroit, .assoeiutions existe ►1 aux-ili,iry to the 1)ul ►liii ;Ieiatiom.

    'I'Ilis ::ylulr. ► tlie tic liioveui c nt, ; ►s w ell ais the l ► er u lia rtvan k of' `li iticre , ►,ii ► I;• c l ass, 1 ►ronlght :i mllilher ut' Iri sh-

    in thç Saine year, 1 1 r. I) e linl,lll i>s ►ied his " T1•► itli 'l'el-J er ' ilt N e\V VUrk ; SOU11 ilft(!r, (.ic'I ► l'gÇ P l'1 ► 1)('r, a nativeof A r ►Iee, Co unty L ►utii, st ;u•te d lii5 " Iri~h 5ili e l ► i ' .It

    eniig r;ult, . c ► nlntrynle ii . I1is ' ' I[i,tc ► i:y of Ire lan d ," th ►►ilrh

    worn~ill~v ,lys :s t~ire ► 1 w itll anecdote t► n ►i l,i ►►gril ► l ►y : liew.Is often sclircilU US ;ui ► 1 sc ► inetilnès ful>uule , hlit it w ;~sthe tiule of' the ton ► ,lll ;l w k, in lit d rtence . In 1 8 '? 2 , Dr. l:nn-l ;u n l i ssued his `' Catholic i\Iiscullany "at CI1 . ► rle>ton ; . .

    .I'liil,«lcll ►hi,l, wItii'cll gave l)laee t ►► lli> ' ' Liter,u•y ;in ► lL,It,llulic Sentine1~" p ► ib li,he ► 1 at Boston S

    I11 1i04tonl, l~[r.l'0 pl ) er d ied .Ilas the fil:st, I 1)0-lie ve , tE ► ;Itte ul p t .Iny liter. ry pn•oj ect exc l ►tsi vely fin• his

    il I ►Ullr ( ► erti ► l'IUm IIi 'e , \v ;l s nsC'fill ln It-s tl ;ly ; IIIS h ;ll ►e I• s1

    cl ►1 liùur, and slee ~h in the si ►le of 1(unker's Iiill . ~'l'l l e. gratitude of ►in ,ifter tinté 1►l,ice ►1 ,l sLlb nb ► ~ ve liis a`lic~s,

    un ►1 the otlly sh. ►nir► ft4( in t~ie c:hureliyar ►l, sonie ye,ir:si1o11, «'a n fUllllll grl► w in g 1 ► 11 I11>3 grave .

    In 1$28z l 829 , and I 83 11, when tlie Catholic spiri

    t evelywhere ruse with the ti ► lil ►gs of O'Ccmnell's vict ►► ry, 'the." Catholic '1'ele sil ► li, ' in Cincinnati, the " Catholic "1)lry," lil iN t~\V h c►rk , and" the "Jl'sRlt," ln Boston ,

    icu . 'l'lie '' .I esnit'' Uec llnl ( the '' I'j lot," an d the '' I)i-. au•y," the ' ' Fre c in,il>`'s J ►►tirn,il," nn ►ler otlier I ► r O hri et►►rs .

    'l'he chief ~v ritcl:s fur this c l .is~ of newslril ►e l.s, 1 ►es i ► 1 esoccasiunal I ► ic ecs by ttie clergy, wçre, in New York,I'atrick Saisfiel ►1 C;isserley, Ilev . 1)r. Leavins, and John

    ~ .11ul;ustils Slle,i ; in Boston, Rev. Dr. ()'Flaherty, Wulte rJ ;unes Walsh, aul ► 1 ut,hers. In the uther ci ties the jour-

    and hoÉw3 of Irelan ►l, it «•as iti consecjuçnce that ;inyelll'l'l'lllg• Organi'Liltlllll ln IPelAn11 sli .[lltl . l il'11/1UCe il COrrl`-spund ing une llere . 'l'lnis, in 1834, unci still iiiore in 1840 ,

    , . A

  • °t . IRISH SETTLERS IN NORTIi AMERICA~ 133 .

    when Mr . . O'Connell attemhtc ►l*the repeal of the l ►,gisl,r ,ove. union with England, auxiliary societies sprun"; nh iti►

    3t, ►teg. In 1542,every con>i ►ler,ihle city of the Untte("Mr. Robert Tyler, on of thepresi ►lent, J(tine ► 1 the muVe

    - ment in Phil.ulell ►hia, and in Sflitc.iuber, ] 543, lie 1 ► re-si ►led- over a Ili~pe,il Convention , iq New -York . I)ele-gtt~s, from thirteen states and ohe territory sat, in thatconvention, which ►Icliherated fi ►i• tl ► rçe ilays on its oNvnrelations to the cause of Irish lihérty. If ~ ►~Ij~~urne~l, re-,,solvin; to,or~;~uilize each state of the union, and intert(lingto come to~;etlirr adain, whenever the éxio-çticies of tl~e,cause re ►luire ► t it

    . Large contributions of nloncy were in this and the si t

    the fi ►► i>hing. I ►► 1 8- 1 8 , the French and l ; ►rr ►► lw,l ► i rcv-

    éessi ve ye ars fûr«•ardcd to Ireland . I3u,ton_,ilone, in thfir5t six months of _1844, remitted ~~+I 0 ,000 to the fundsof the Irish society . Undi6ded confidence i ►► ~the wis-dom and power of Mr. O'Connell _ p-trywhere existed,and ►► ll the emigr ; ►nt chil ►lrvn of Irel, ►►►ci fi ► n ► lly belieN•ç ► i.they tvere,soon to see tl ► eii• native islan ►l lw»usse(l of asenate, flag, and ►niliti.r of her own . The total ►1i5 : ► 1►-pointtucnt of their hopes, in this instance, wo ►► l ►i haveciriveii any otl ►er' I ►col ►le, for ►L -gencrutlllll at least, into

    Xacsl )uir. In 18 4 7, they cc. ►se ►1 tl ►eir,con rih ►► tions to thè , Repeal

    niot-en ►ei► t, 1 ►► tt (riFve rnost (renerou-,ly to the support o f

    ,,,oltions see ►iç ►1 to otler it prospect of a speedy cure forIrel~u ►d's wor,. lTl ) to this tin ►e, 11the Yo ► rn"; Irelandh,trty" (so r,tll ed ) 1 1 , 14 1 not, , ► ttructe(l :1 ► uericun syn ► 1 ► ; ►thy,but no sooner di(l they u ►m-e . Nvitli the . reN-olution,u'ytùotnei,ztuni, than they fùtu ►~l new and powerful fi~icn(ls innn ► ~~.r ► c . ► .

    This they had themselves expected . In the spring ofthat year they~ had arranged to send Thomas Francis:11e, ► l;hcr as their ; ► gent ;to .Arnerica, but his 1 ►renr ► itrn•earrest unfi►rtunutely ►lefe ►ite ►1 that purpose . Mr. Wil-liam Alitchell was n ►1 ►le their .-11bearcr Of desl ►,ltches,"and another gentlew;in, as it substitute - for Mr . Meagher,was soou after sent over .. .

    A

    ..

  • The interest in* America was intensely excited . Skilful officers and engineers volunteered their services ; thFrich and the poor, the gtr,inger and the Celt, all contrib-uto d. Thousands of dollars were placobd in• the hands ofthe several local ". I)irectories," and , in Itilany cases, th(-donû~s dia not wait to have their names recorded. EveryEuropean m

    'ait was watched for with intense anxiety, and

    the very streets were too s inall to contain the crowds thatflocked from all quarters in cluest of news G•• • l 'taries in church and state

    vwere infecte~l with theprle ~

    in~ enthuSi•si ilb n, anc contr~butc~l frccly to the patrioticproject. The New York Directory receivecl • in , â le w

    and American go1 4 1 would not . e wuaitin{r /

    weeks, bver $ 40,000 in cash, and tlle other'states andcities 'of the Union would no doubt have done equallywell . I • I

    It was evi ►lent enou~h, if Irel,~n ►1 had taken and kept~• revoliition,u•y ~ri ►un ►i for three months, American officers

    Tt encle ►1 otherwi5c ;,ind (}e -clouls of despair'3e snowcovered all the hori ;ou or the Irish in America

  • 4

    • CIIAPTTIt XIX .

    YHR 1R1911 PAa1INE94 l I$46-7 AVD 1$4$-AMERICAV 8l' PATl1Y-MF:F.TIN O 9 111FIIILAUBLPIIIA, BOSTON ANU N EW l'ORK - NATIONAL DI ET1tiO IN wAy111NOTO--TIiB 1LACEllONIAN ANI> JA M ESTOWN-RF:FLF.L,"rI QN3, Ç

    Til E uiost a ffecting event," in'the connçxion of Irel,indwith A meric ►t, is the conduct of thè~l ►itter tow,trlls - tilevictilna of the Irish fûlnine, w hich begun in the «inter of1 84 6 and 1 84 7, ,ui d en ► lur(d , in its wo15t forn s, tlll the

    union, in lbt)l), (le 1 ►ri vé ►1 Ire l a n ►1 of' a n ; d i ve leg islature .lier ► iristocr,tcy eniit;ra tcd to London . - lier taritl exl ► iretl

    whcat,, an i l Aluerican hro v i5ii ► lts of eve rÿ kinll, to com l ►et,ewIth llllll Unllel,sell th e Iri~h r,ick-ren te (l t;truiet:s .

    c1Ose of 1848 .'.i'he famine is to be thns ;iccounte ►1 for ;/ The a'ct of

    in 1826, ;»> ►l, of course, w,ts not i•enewe ► 1 . Iler luerchantsan(l Hi :tnuf ►cttu•el :s withtirev their capital frotn traie ►in ► 1investe ► 1 it in l .uul . * The land !' the land !was theobject,of unitersal, illin ►it,thlé conipet.itiolIn the firsttwelity ye,irs of the century, the fitt•lnera, if rack-rei ► tetl ; .hu1 still the w;tit• 1 ►rices . At'te~r the p(',tce, `they ha ►1 themonopoly of' the Ei ►glish provision 1111 ►1 pro ►luce nl,trket.~ .atnt in 1846, Sir Robert Peel snccessfillly stt•uck ►tt the ohil;iws, ilnposing duties on foreign corn, , ►nli let in ll,tlti c

    I Iigh rents h ;ni 1 ►roduce ►1 h; ► r ►ine,s of heart in ''the -n ► i ► llilem;in,'extravagance , in t.he land-owner, antl ex-freine poverty iii tue peas ;tl ►t. ~'I'lïe 1 ►001' 1,«v colnlni5sionof' It+3'J reporte ►1 that 2,3.00,00O of the s ►griculturall,thorels of Irel ►ind were '' paupers ;" that tho,e in ►inedi-iltely above the lowest riink were,'' the Wol~t cl,ui, wolstte(l, and wolat lo ►lge ►1" peusuntry in Europe . ~'l'rue ,

    ' Between 1 82O and lA3O, two thirds of all tire mânulàcturiea ili Irelandwere cloaed, and abanduned, ae ruiuuus iuvicenpènte . .

    ,y

  • 136 e HIâTORY OF TIIB

    in ►lcc ►1 ! They were 1 ►►► 1 ge ►1 itt s trr~, cl►►thccl in r a .,.utd fed I ► n the 1 ► i ► ureS t ( lu ;tlity ~ ►f i ►u t a t u .

    Partial f;tilttres of tlti ., c r ►► I ► bai l, t : ►k e tt 1 ► 1 ;t ► • e f ►r a s ic-ce, .' i ►► rt ►►f tsuns . Su reg txl,u•l y ► li i l th ► ;sc f;tilttres i ►c ► tir,th;ttt \Villi,itn ( ,'uhhrtt, 1110 1 of lier sl:iltitl a,t•it ultnr,tli ' t3

    h ,t ►l fi ► re tul ►1 their fi'ttstl tiestrtlt•ti ►►n, yr: ► rs t ►► •fi ► re . ~ tillthe crul ►5 ►►t' the snttune r ►► f 1 54U lut ►ke ► l fait' ;tn ►1 s ► i tri ► 1t o the ey r . 'I'1tc ► l ;u•k grrt n t•ri s l ►y 1e ; ► v r> ttu ► 1 yd1 ►► \vand l ►url ► le blu»utus of the put ;ttu 1ilds were altctti•titlf'at ►trc in rvery l ;tttd,c ;tl ► e . Iiy ,l ► tly , lt uwe r e t•, tlicte rri ) ► lc f,tct h~ 'ca ttt e but tuo certain. 1 ' t• o i~ ► t ~~ v r ► • y to vit-land w itltin the four sctts titlings c t ► n"ie t,o tltt ' ~ r ;tl it ;tlthat the 1 ►cu p lc's fi ►od w ,t5 hl a;tcd - utt c rl~, 1 ►u 1 ►e 1 e • 4yb l ;ttit e ► I . I'ncrctlttlity gave w;ty t ►► l ► ;ttti ►~, P' nie t ►► ► lt~=tn 11ut ► l5 ►►n tht~ 11 ► 1 ►eri ;tl g ►►vernntc ttt tu st ►► 1 ► tlt ► ' e X H ► t•tof' grain, t ►► t,s t ;i1► li~lt 1 ► ul ►lic t;r;ttt ;tri ► 's , ,tu ► 1 tu g i ve the1 ►tu 1 t 1 y s uclt re l ► r ►►tluctivc e tttl ► l ►►y tut•ltt ; tS W ►►► tl ► l c tt ihlct}trnt. tu 1 ► tttt lt ;t ' c fi ►►►►1 t ' rt ►► tlglt tu k ee l .► suttl ; itt ► I 1 ►►►i1j tu-getlte t . liy ;t re l ►►►t•t ut' the o i ►in;int~c c ; ► I ► t ; ► ilt, I .; ► r ► ►► t ► ,it ,tl ► j►c rt~ ► 1 tht~rc •t~rr grain crul ►, ut ►►rt ' tlt ; ► tt stttli ►~~ e titt ) sul ► l ►►►rt . tht~ ~v 1 ►►► It ' ' 1 ►►► 1 ► ul ;tti ►►n- u t• ► •re ;tl It,tl• ve,t , 's ti-iuutc ► l at fi ► tlr htt n ► lre ► 1 millions of tl ►►ll,tr, as 1 ► t~i~ ~~~

    +wcre. llut, t. ►► ;tll t•e ltt ►►►N t rances, 1 ► e titic,i ►•, ,tn ► 1 l i r ►► 1 ► t ► . ;ithe itttl ► o' ri ;tl ~ 'c ~ ► tto l n is t s h ;t i l 1 ► ttt onr ;u ► swe r, " tltey e ► ttlilt ► ut int e rli•i•e w itlt tin' ►► r ► litt;try rurrt ' ttt> uf tr ; ►► lr ." O'Ç ► ,t~-itrll's 1 ► rul ►u~il, l,ur► 1 lic ►►rge lie ntinck' s , ()'lirie n' s ,I t he

    ports, w lti k tlte cltau•iti es uf' the worl d were c un ► i ► tg n .lit A ugu,t lttttlt enti c cases of tlc tttl► by fiiu ►iitr, ~ itl the

    verdict ' ' s t ;trv;tti on," were rrl ►ort ed. 'l'I~c fir,t tut t e n-

    1>r►► 1 ►►► ;ul~ uf' Ki ► c' su ► it'ty t•tllletl :' ' 'l'Itti lt•islt Cutlttcil, ' ttllrc ce ivet i th e tut c at ► :; W•o' r. Furtttu~~~ ~ V rrc tn;l de a u ► 11i ►,t in g;tlul ► lit ► g ►► ve l• tl ►►> >tt ► lticii tr ;t ► le ltl lttt111711t sttl :i;t /et ►ce , ati ► I sItil ►> l ;t ► ltvi tu tltc g tuUw ;tles s;tilc d out t ►1' t•i>lt

    tic c ase tlu•illerl the country, like tut ill- w ind 1 ruui

    twu3 tin ►1 tht•cés they rose ; Eo te ► rs , ;intl in Se ►teti b v r,t;ucli in ► jurs ts were helti, - uti ► 1 the ti ;tttte sa1l~ti t• ► l~ et re -pc,ttc ►l twe ttty ti(tt es in the. tl ;ty: 'l'h en Irc)ltntl thepituble untun; the nations, 9111tttCn ~v itli fiuuitt , tleseite t iby hem' impcrittl musters, li fte tl up hcr voicc, ti tcl uttc~c d~ . ~

    ~

  • IRISIi SETTLERS IN NORTII ANIE~ICA.

    that cry of awful ;lnguish, which shook the ends of theearth .

    The Czar, the Sultan, myl the Pope, sent their rou-bles and tlicir Pauls . * The Pasha of F, rypt,, the Shah

    of Persia, the I:lllperor of China, the I :tjalls of Indi"t,conspired to do for Ireland, what her o-stylcll rlllcr3refuscll to do, - to -keep her youn ; and 1ll people li~--

    ing in the land . . ~, America did more in thts work of inercy than, ;lll therest of the world . On the 9t11 of No'venlber, 184G, antuher, of gentlemen n`senlblell at the Globe llotel,South Sitith street, Philadelphia, conven VlI by the 'o1

    =l.owitl; cirçular, issued by the venerable Alilernt,tn Blt ►nsI I Ilr Irelanll, the men, wonlen ►Lnll cllilllren at this tinlo

    are, eveiy%yherc, from the north to the soolth, and frou

    thg east to the «est, fallin; victims to hltnnJr and the

    diseases con5ell~ent upon hunger . The hec)rt sil~~.kens in

    the knotivlelit;e that thousands of people, amont; the most

    hospit~lble on the earth, are peri,hin~ i►•onl famille 1. «'oare in a .l ;uid abounliillr; with fi►o ► 1 of all sorts,, good andwholesome, for man and every creaturcth ;tt ljves . .

    It is thout;ht W bt) the (lut.y" of this cit )a, whieh ll,,tyso often bl,sen among the foretnost in Wllrl:s~L► f luercy and.

    , charity, to liosotnethitlg For the fiuui511ittgpeople of' Irc-'l .Ln ► l. What that slnethint; shall be, we llo not llll der-take to sAy. 'l'o'consiller what is best to be (]one, and thebest way of doing it, it meeting will be helll in South,Sixth street, between Cllestnut and Walnut streets, atthe Globe Ilotel, on Thursday eveniu►;, at seven o'clockat that -time and place, you are recluestelt to attend . As .

    this meeting is Intellllell to he SClet ;t, and that business

    shall be entered ulion at the hour proposed, you arorequested to be punctual in your ilttenllance .' '

    This is believed to have been the first meeting of :Lpublic charactd, held in America, on the subject of Irishrelief:" * An important public meeting followed, whichwas alillre~sed by the most, distinguished citiizens inclull-

    • Heport of the Gen . Ex . Cowwittee of Philadelphia, p . 5 .

    12~

  • L, 1 88 A IIISTORY OF T1TE

    genersil contrihlition thrl)nghout Peiul,ylv:u ► ia .Alderman B inns cl ►nc;lndell a fi'w ;Ippo>ite renl;lrkq

    with the folll~~vir1t; preaillble ►uld resl ► lutiotl, wllieh wer,eacioptell un;ulinlr ►u>ly : =-

    In 1775, befi ► re the5e United States hall existence, -before lier st.11:3 h ;lll lightcll her toglory, or her striheshall beett felt by her f►►es, - hefi ►re the vl ► ice of inulepeil-lic91cc hiul heen he .u•ll on her ml ► unt, ►ins, or tllç shl ► nts ofvictory hall echoed tllroligh her valleys, --lier . st,ltesiuenanll patriots assl~rllhled at tl)eir seat of g l ► ve rilnl ent, in theirfuture ] bill of Inll epe nll e nc e , and , 1► y : 1 public .Illllress,malle kno«•n to the worlll her t;r,ltcfiil ,Inil ;Itli~l•til)nate çym-pathyanll respect for the l'arli ;linent and pl~l ►t~~l ~ ~ of Irel,inhl,kinllly inviting her people tl) cl ► iue ;Inll inh ; ?hit ' the fi~r-

    ing IMayor Sccift and lion . Horace 13innev, in fuvor of a

    - tile reg i linv ita t. io isweat

  • IRISH `SETTLERS IN N~RTIIJ AAIERICA.

    y ~ u

    low and humble and of the high and Iiiinhty' sttite~ ofAmerica have, in the~* conduct state~l,f;i~~en illust iuusexamples to thosé'of allnatiolis of the e;trth ; tlesérve(lthe thanks of the People whuni they have fitithfully~ rel ► -resente(i',, tutti reïnsured to them ant~ to their conntrythe he;trt-warm gratitude and renewed attucllment of' thepeople of Ireland . "

    An influential citY committee was orr,nanizeil) l~. .I

    , Y~I~ty, 1847, they h~ul received above .-$48,000 itt , ca> h ,and !$20,000 in articles sititetl for shi p l ► itq. They oadedthree barks and four'"' brig;s, for various Iri sh 1,o •t,,,, , allwhich safely arrive d . Munster and Connaught r ceive ( l,the gre;~ter part . In their closin-, report, at the nd of1 b47,, the committee, vnon, other resolutions, ~paaseathe fitll~~wing

    While we gratefully acknowledge the servic s cor-di.ally rendered to tlg and to the cause of lhuluat it.y, byind iv itlu als in v,u•ious parts of' .l'enusylvania and )hio inh;trticular, we fiel ourselves called upon in an speci,tlmanner to ni,tke known our high sense of the-ver impor-t;it assistance given to us by our estet~i~ietl fri n d andfellow-citizen, Allen Cuthbert. N(U only have we hadthe free use of his w,ltehousea for the tiel ►o-sit o breal-stufl -' , but tue henefit of his constant and a11Ylous scrv icesand experience in receiving theni front every Iuarter,and in shipping therlt to Irel .tnti . Conduct suci as this'confers honor not only on ltiutself,' but on the col ltuwtityof which he is a worthy riieli ►ber . "

    New York and Boston w ere not behind Philadelphia,no,rthe- Gt•iluiells, 'L,twrençes, and h,veretts, behinti the

    . Cüthberts ~intl 13ilweys .* In the sprin-,of' 1847, it national

    :• In his address on the subject, in Boston, !11r . I;vcrett recallcd a reminia-cence of Colonial times, w hich must ha v e told powerfully on his audience .

    In the prosecution of the \'arragansct war, With King Philip, the Capetowns, in whii•h were already some Irish f;► milies, contracted a hcavy debt .The city of Dublin, being ; made . aware of the coiulition of the eettlers,rçmittetd X124 lOs . ;' for the relief of such as were impo verished, die-treseed, and in necessity, fn m the H•ar."- Pralt's Hist . of t:aslham, Itiéb-fJeet, and Urlear~s : Yprnwrith, 1811 .

    Another writer add~ :"'l'he donation front Ireland, is a gratifyingproofof the generous influenée of Christian sympathies, and ia auplwaed to hav e

    ~ ~~

  • 14Ù A IIISTOSY OF TII E

    meeting wns helc] at Whington,_ nt which DTr . Dallas,Vice-Presitleiit of the United States? took the chair .Mr. \Vebster, AIr. Cass, and other eniinent senators,shoke . The governnient placc►d t« ove$sels of w,tr ,

    The Miceclonian " and " The Jamestown," at the dis-posai of the conimittee sitting in Boston and New York.

    as the Catholic pulhit resowi(led with ahpeals for '' stitl

    Watr, 1atJen with life and mannetl' by meercy, entering the

    imagine that, atl►untlant as w:is 1lmerict>.'s t;ift, it ~vits not

    'at that day, in Irelitntl . 'l'hé . Central Relief Committees

    Lime a winirter of the congregatiüual denowioàtioi~ in llublin."-~Ibid.

    Boston and New Englhnti, it is calculatcd, contribtitedne;trly a quarter of ii million of dollars, and New Yorkcity and state an equal ,inwunt. The Protest~tnt as w~ell

    to Irel;inti." Sèct ,intl psirty were forgotten, and nllentbracing Ch,tt•ity ruled the New \Vorltl, unopposeci1lmerica tv;is even niore blessetl in the giving, th,in Irel~iutl n1as in receiving, siich assistance.r It was the nohlest sight of the century, those shihs of

    Irish waters. Engl;tntl's flal; droope(l above the spoilshe 'as stealing ,twajf f rom the fllnllshlng, as the Anter-ic,in frigates l)asse(l hers, 'iitward bouncl, deep with char-itable freights. llerc were the shipsof a tatc butse~•enty ye~trs olti, - n, st~ite ~~•itht>ut a cor~olitlatedtreasury, -a st

  • IRISH SETTLERS IN NORTII AMERICA . t!' 141

    edgment of Ireland's indebtetlness to Mr . Dallas, and toCap tain Ftirbes of I I The Jumestown:" * Arany an Irishsoldier, on the battle-fields of Mexico, did the 1ike; ineu s2 instead of words. - ~

    - ~•• 1t is a source of sincere satisf ction to the present writer, that bot haddresses were prepared by him, and opted bykacommittee, of which I)udy .O'Brien, Meagher, and Mu.chel, were `meiubers .

    !

  • CIIAPTLR XX .

    NATIVE A M F'RICAN " MOVEMENT OP 1844 -THB PIIILADELPIIiA R1OT8-TFIEIRPROBABLE OR101V-CONllUCT OF TIIE MILITARY AND MAGI9TRATFI9-BIMILARMO1'F:MFVTS IN NEW YORK , BOSTON, AND OTHER TOWN9 - RF:-ACTION i RFi-PLF;CTII)\9 ON TIIB PRINCIPLES INVOLVED IN THIS CONTROVERSY.

    called T& Sun became the daily organ of disturbance,and 11 an"'~!;nglisli Jew," named Leviiis; aull others; the

    riots of 1,634 , the NeW YA it school cliiestion," (as towhether the' l'rotestat~,lt Scriptures should be uSe(i as itpublie school-book,) tl e inci•e,lse of einig r,ltion, had allbeen artfully seizell ul~~n by the loca l 'speculators in èx-cite ulent, who hopell to fish up civic'honors front thetroubled waters of lliscorli. During the first three monthsof ' the year the most inflamm,ltory appeals were made tothe passions of the Protestants of Philallelphi ;i. A pape r

    / I'llil,ulelphi ;l city i~nd its . Liberties hall long been the,,,/home of ►L theological contro~~ersy, which re

  • IRIS!! SETTLERS IN NORTII A M ERICA. 143

    heads of the ne w association . The firemen, ~j111 m:lny of~the nlilitary, were


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