myers’ psychology (8th ed) chapter 6 & 7 perception & consciousness (unit 7- only do cards...
TRANSCRIPT
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY
(8th Ed)
Chapter 6 & 7
Perception & Consciousness
(Unit 7- only do cards for chapter 7)
Chapter 6 Must know!
By the end of this chapter be able to address the following:You have been asked to paint a picture that includes buildings, fields, a river, and a mountain. Describe how you would use at least five monocular cues to give your painting a sense of depth.
Perception
Selective Attention focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
Testing Selective Attention
Perceptual Illusions
Perceptual Illusions
Perceptual Illusions
Perceptual Illusions
Perceptual Organization- Gestalt
Visual Capture tendency for vision to dominate
the other sensesGrouping
the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups
Perceptual Organization- Gestalt
Gestalt- an organized whole tendency to integrate pieces of
information into meaningful wholesGrouping Principles
proximity- group nearby figures together
similarity- group figures that are similar continuity- perceive continuous
patterns closure- fill in gaps connectedness- spots, lines and areas
are seen as unit when connected
Perceptual Organization
Figure and Ground organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground)
Perceptual Organization- Grouping Principles
Perceptual Organization- Grouping Principles
Gestalt grouping principles are at work here.
Perceptual Organization- Illusory Contours
Perceptual Organization-Depth PerceptionDepth Perception
ability to see objects in three dimensions
allows us to judge distanceBinocular cues
retinal disparityimages from the two eyes differ closer the object, the larger the disparity
convergenceneuromuscular cuetwo eyes move inward for near objects
Perceptual Organization-Depth Perception
Visual CliffEnd day 1
Perceptual Organization-Depth Perception
Monocular Cues relative size
smaller image is more distant interposition
closer object blocks distant object relative clarity
hazy object seen as more distant texture coarse --> close
fine --> distant
Perceptual Organization-Depth Perception
Relative Size
Perceptual Organization-Depth Perception
Perceptual Organization-Depth Perception
Monocular Cues (cont.) relative height
higher objects seen as more distant relative motion
closer objects seem to move faster linear perspective
parallel lines converge with distance relative brightness
closer objects appear brighter
Perceptual Organization-Depth Perception
Perspective Techniques
Perceptual Constancy
Perceptual Constancy perceiving objects as unchanging
despite changes in retinal imagecolorshape size
Perceptual Organization
Perceptual Organization-Muller-Lyer Illusion
Perceptual Organization- Size-Distance Relationship
Perceptual Organization-Brightness Contrast
Sensory Restriction-Blakemore & Cooper, 1970
Kittens raised without exposure to horizontal lines later had difficulty perceiving horizontal bars.
Perceptual Interpretation
Perceptual Adaptation (vision) ability to adjust to an artificially displaced visual fieldprism glasses
Perceptual Set a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another
Perceptual Set-Schemas
What you see in the center is influenced
byperceptual set
Perceptual Set-Schemas Flying Saucers or Clouds?
End day 2
Perceptual Set- Human Factors
Perceptual Set- Human Factors
Actualdescent
path
Pilot’s perceiveddescent path
Altitude looksthis much higher
20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2Distance from runway (miles)
10
8
6
4
2
0
Altitude(thousands
of feet)
Perception without Sensation? “Paranormal”Extrasensory Perception
controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory inputTelepathy- mind to mindClairvoyance- remote eventsPrecognition- see into future
Parapsychology the study of paranormal phenomena
ESP- perception can occur without the senses
Psychokinesis- mind over matter, bending spoons
Count the F’s
Try this test. Don't cheat. You will only cheat yourself.
It is a quick test. It is a lot of fun. And, I promise, there are no "tricks" to the test. Read this sentence: Finished files are the result of years of scientific studycombined with the experience of years...
Now count the F's in that sentence. Count them only once, only once: do not go back and count them again.
After you are done, scroll down to see the answer.
Answer: There are six F's in the sentence.The "average" person finds three.There is no catch. Many people do not see the Fs in the word "OF". It has been argued that the human brain tends to see them as Vs and not Fs.
If you watch the above images from your seat in front of the computer, Mr.Angry is on the left, and Mrs.Calm is on the right.
Get up from your seat, and move back about eight feet!! They switch places!! I believe this illusion was created by Phillippe G. Schyns and Aude Oliva of the
.
This proves that we may not be seeing what's actually there, all the time!!
I do not know how they generated this fascinating image, and I believe no-one else is able to generate anything similar in Photoshop. I know it has something
to do with "low-pass" and "high-pass" filters, but the details??
Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoetnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be at the rghit pclae. The rset can be a toatl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe.
Or rather...According to a researcher (sic) at Cambridge University, it doesn't matter in what order the letters in a word are, the only important thing is that the first and last letter be at the right place. The rest can be a total mess and you can still read it without problem. This is because the human mind does not read every letter by itself but the word as a whole.
Perceptual Set Problems
327337326244099
MACDONALDMACHENRYMACMAHONMACHINERY
TIME FLIES I CANT THEYRE TOO FAST
Perceptual Set Problems
CHOPHOUSE
SALLY SAYS HER FATHER AND GRANDFATHER ARE BOTH 50 TODAY???
LULB,CALEM,NUKKS,SEUMO,BAZER, EAP. NORC, NOONI,MATOOT, PREPPE, TEBE, EAP.
FOLK, CROAK, SOAK…
Perceptual SET/ ESP
• FLORIST’S SON, CANDY STORE OWNER’S DAUGHTER, LIQUOR STORE OWNER’S SON ALL BRING PRESENTS TO THE KINDERGARTEN TEACHER FOR CHRISTMAS.
• 1-10, MULTIPLY BY 9, ADD TOGETHER, SUBTRACT 5, CORRESPONDING LETTER IN ALPHABET- GREY ELEPHANT FROM DENMARK
Perceptual Set Problems
What number comes next?32… (33)73… (74)373… (374)2624… (2625)4099… (4100) Thank you Mr. H