Energy Consumption Benchmarking of a Swarm Intelligence

Inspired MANET Protocol

Project Team:Shashant KumarVibhooti GuptaMohit Bansal

Eeshan Srivastava

Under the guidance of:Mr. Keshav Singh

Conceptual OverviewInherent Energy consumption

problem of MANETs in practical applicationsSwarm Intelligence provides a solution: ACO (Ant Colony Optimization)Small ant packets collect network state by StigmergyPheromone tables are built using this information

Continued…We follow a global optimization approachGoal is to find paths that cost least energy in the long runCompare performance of this protocol with existing Ad-Hoc routing protocols:

AODVDSDVDSR

Previous Semester Work

Researched various MANET protocolsDesigned an implementable version of the ant-based protocolLearned NS-2 simulation environment for wired and wireless topologiesSimulated the following on NS-2:

Distance Vector RoutingQueuingAODV (small scale)

Packet classes and structures Data packets: represent the

information that end users exchange with each other. Forward and Backward ants: are control packets used to update the routing tables and distribute information about traffic load in the network. Broadcast Ants: every node broadcasts remaining energy level using this packet.

packet.ccClass basic_ant defines the structure for an ant packet:

-> source_add (nsaddr_t)-> dest_add (nsaddr_t)-> packet length (int)-> packet seq_number (int)-> packet start_time (double)

Classes for F-ants and B-ants derived from the class basic_antMethods for adding new nodes and keeping track of visited nodes

Project Development Files

router.ccIts main class is derived from class

‘Agent’which is the base class for all

routing agents inns2.It contains: reinforcement factor timer for generation of F-ants methods

generate F-ants and B-antssend F-ant to next hop as

determined byalgorithm

Continued…

pheromone.cc class for storing pheromone values

ph value (double) next node address (nsaddr_t)

methods to add and remove entrymethod to return pheromone value

routingtable.cc method to increment and evaporate pheromone values methods to add and delete pheromone tables.

Continued…

Simulation EnvironmentIntegration of protocol into NS-2

by adding definitions in NS-2 environment files such as packet.cc, cmu-trace.cc, ns-lib.tcl etc. Traffic Model Generation:

50 nodes with CBR sources (UDP)Max 10 connections at 8kbps

Mobility Model Generation50 nodes, pause-time 0 secMax speed 20m/s500x500 topologySimulation Time: 100 seconds

ScreenshotsAnt Protocol

AODV

DSR

DSDV

Trace File AnalysisAwk filters for extracting energy &

timing valuesGnuplot for plotting graph4 data sets were used:

AODV energy valuesDSDV energy valuesDSR energy valuesAnt Protocol Energy values

Snippet of Ant Protocol trace file:

GraphsFull Resolution (Approx 14000 sampling positions

Graphs

En

er

gy

Simulation Time ----->

Magnified to 2 sec interval

Results: BenchmarkR/S efficiency:

1.DSR with 99.82% (1123/1125)2.AODV with 98.74% (1099/1113)3. Ant Protocol with 88.43% (1001/1132)4.DSDV with 75.78% (851/1123)

Energy Efficiency:1.DSDV2.Ant Protocol3.AODV4.DSR

Research Paper and References C. Srisathapornphat and C.-C.

Shen. Swarm Intelligence-Inspired Energy Conservation Scheme in Ad Hoc Networks. The 3rd Conference on Mobile Technology, Applications and Systems — Mobility 2006, Pg 1-7 E. Bonabeau, M. Dorigo, and G. Theraulaz. Swarm Intelligence: From Natural to Artificial Systems. Oxford University Press, New York, 1999. www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/