music and media martin scherzinger [email protected]

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MUSIC AND MEDIA Martin Scherzinger [email protected] “Sound design everywhere!” proclaims Steve Wurtzler in a recent commentary on the ubiquity of music in today’s world. Course Description This course investigates the mediation of music and musiclike sounds in both private and public life. Commercial venues, from restaurants to rest rooms, pipe Muzak into its spaces; radios broadcast more music than any other content today; soundtracks imprint the texture of signifying associations for television shows and films; we carry personal playlists on mobile music players; and musical media and technologies for making music are more readily available to us on our home computers than ever before. We examine music and media from a variety of perspectives, including its cultural, sensory, technological, ideological and metaphysical dimensions; as well as the relation of music to mass media (radio, television, the internet) and the film and music industries. Learning Objectives By the end of the course, students should be able to: Describe and analyze technologies of musical production and reproduction over the last hundred years. Compare the various media that have shaped how music is produced, distributed, and circulated. Analyze how media has been a key form through which music is monetized and consumed. Deploy a set of critical tools to assess music’s mediation in its (1) cultural, (2) sensory, (3) technological, (4) metaphysical, (5) ideological, and (6) industrial contexts. Critique discourses of mediation and music, SAMPLE SYLLABUS

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Page 1: MUSIC AND MEDIA Martin Scherzinger [email protected]

MUSIC  AND  MEDIA  Martin  Scherzinger  [email protected]    

   “Sound  design  everywhere!”  proclaims  Steve  Wurtzler  in  a  recent  commentary  on  the  ubiquity  of  music  in  today’s  world.    Course  Description  This  course  investigates  the  mediation  of  music  and  music-­‐like  sounds  in  both  private  and  public  life.  Commercial  venues,  from  restaurants  to  rest  rooms,  pipe  Muzak  into  its  spaces;  radios  broadcast  more  music  than  any  other  content  today;  soundtracks  imprint  the  texture  of  signifying  associations  for  television  shows  and  films;  we  carry  personal  playlists  on  mobile  music  players;  and  musical  media  and  technologies  for  making  music  are  more  readily  available  to  us  on  our  home  computers  than  ever  before.  We  examine  music  and  media  from  a  variety  of  perspectives,  including  its  cultural,  sensory,  technological,  ideological  and  metaphysical  dimensions;  as  well  as  the  relation  of  music  to  mass  media  (radio,  television,  the  internet)  and  the  film  and  music  industries.      Learning  Objectives  By  the  end  of  the  course,  students  should  be  able  to:  -­‐Describe  and  analyze  technologies  of  musical  production  and  reproduction  over  the  last  hundred  years.    -­‐Compare  the  various  media  that  have  shaped  how  music  is  produced,  distributed,  and  circulated.    -­‐Analyze  how  media  has  been  a  key  form  through  which  music  is  monetized  and  consumed.  -­‐Deploy  a  set  of  critical  tools  to  assess  music’s  mediation  in  its  (1)  cultural,  (2)  sensory,  (3)  technological,  (4)  metaphysical,  (5)  ideological,  and  (6)  industrial  contexts.  -­‐Critique  discourses  of  mediation  and  music,            

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Readings    All  the  assigned  book  excerpts  and  articles  listed  on  the  course  schedule  will  be  made  available  through  the  New  York  University  Blackboard  system.          I  will  upload  as  many  audio  examples  as  possible.  These  will  also  be  found  on  the  Blackboard  site  under  “Course  Documents”  (in  the  folder  named  “Audio  Examples”).    Any  CDs  or  videos  that  are  placed  on  reserve  will  be  in  the  Avery  Fisher  Center  for  Music  and  Media  (on  the  second  floor  of  the  Bobst  Library).          Assignments    Weekly  Assignments  For  most  weeks  you  will  be  asked  to  post  a  short  response  paper  or  a  fragment  of  your  research  to  the  Blackboard  “Discussion  Board.”  Your  submission  will  be  due  by  6.00  p.m.  Sunday  evening  before  our  next  class  meeting.  This  deadline  is  not  negotiable.  Remember,  this  seminar  is  being  conceived  of  as  a  collaborative  endeavor—your  participation,  contributions,  and  insights  are  essential.  Your  five  best  submissions  will  constitute  50%  of  your  grade.  Please  respect  the  other  members  of  this  seminar  by  posting  your  work  by  the  Sunday  evening  deadline.    To  post  to  the  Discussion  Board:  Click  on  the  button  labeled  “Communication”  on  the  left-­‐hand  side  of  the  Blackboard  homepage  for  this  course.    Click  on  “Discussion  Board.”    Click  on  the  appropriate  topic.    Click  on  “Add  New  Thread”  button  at  the  top  left  of  the  page.      Attach  your  response  to  the  message  (there  is  not  enough  space  in  the  box  for  detailed  responses  or  large  files.  Note:  I  believe  that  you  do  need  to  add  a  subject  and  at  least  a  character  in  the  box  labeled  “Message”  in  order  for  your  thread  to  be  uploaded).  Further  information  on  the  weekly  assignments  will  be  given  in  class.    Sound/Video/Web  Examples  You  might  be  expected  to  upload  a  sound,  video  or  web  example  that  illustrates  some  of  the  major  themes  covered  in  the  reading  for  that  particular  week.    There  will  be  folders  for  this  purpose  on  the  Discussion  Board.    Also,  insofar  as  it's  possible,  you  should  bring  these  examples  with  you  to  class.        

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Research  Paper  In  addition  to  the  in-­‐class  assignments,  a  final  research  paper  on  an  original  topic  that  highlights  aspects  of  modern  aural  culture  is  required  for  this  course.    We  will  discuss  options  for  this  paper  throughout  the  semester  (e.g.,  an  analysis  of  the  advertising  campaign  for  Apple’s  iPod,  an  ethnography  of  the  sonic  environment  of  New  York’s  public  spaces,  a  concert  report  on  a  musical  event  or  concert,  an  account  of  the  aesthetics  of  sound  for  the  2011  election  campaigns,  a  diagnosis  of  recent  music/sound/recording  software  and  its  cultural  impact,  a  history  of  a  musical  genre,  etc.)  This  paper  should  be  in  the  range  of  five  to  ten  pages.  Further  information  on  this  assignment  will  be  given  in  class.  The  paper  will  be  due  by  the  last  day  of  class.        Evaluation  Standards  and  Policies    A=Excellent.  Outstanding  work  in  all  respects.  Demonstrates  comprehensive  and  solid  understanding  of  course  material,  and  presents  thoughtful  interpretations,  well  focused  and  original  insights,  and  well  reasoned  commentary  and  analysis.  Includes  skilful  use  of  source  materials,  illuminating  examples  and  illustrations,  fluent  expression,  and  contains  no  grammatical  or  typographical    errors.    B=Good.  This  work  demonstrates  a  complete  and  accurate  understanding  of  course  material,  presents  a  reasonable  degree  of  insight  and  broad  levels  of  analysis.  Work  reflects  competence,  but  stays  at  a  general  or  predictable  level  of  understanding.  Source  materials  and  examples  are  used  appropriately  and  articulation/writing  is  clear.  Paper  has  been  carefully  proofread.    C=Adequate/fair.  This  work  demonstrates  understanding  that  hits  in  the  ballpark  but  which  remains  superficial,  incomplete,  or  expresses  some  significant  errors  or  weaknesses.  Source  materials  may  be  used  inadequately  or  inappropriately,  and  arguments  lack  concrete,  specific  examples  and  illustrations.    Writing  or  articulation  may  appear  vague,  hard  to  follow,  or  loaded  with  typos  and  other  technical  errors.    D=Unsatisfactory.  This  work  demonstrates  a  serious  lack  or  error  in  understanding,  and  fails  to  express  the  most  rudimentary  aspects  of  the  course.  Sources  may  be  used  entirely  inappropriately  or  not  at  all,  and  writing  is  deficient.    F=Failed.  Work  not  submitted  or  attempted.        

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Grading  Rubric    five  online  assignments  (10  %  each)  one  oral  presentation  (10  %)  final  research  paper  (20%)  class  participation  (20%)      COURSE  POLICIES  Absences  and  Lateness  More  than  two  unexcused  absences  will  automatically  result  in  a  lower  grade.  Chronic  lateness  will  also  be  reflected  in  your  evaluation  of  participation.  Regardless  of  the  reason  for  your  absence  you  will  be  responsible  for  any  missed  work.  Travel  arrangements  do  not  constitute  a  valid  excuse  for  rescheduling  exams.  There  are  no  extra  credit  assignments  for  this  class.      Format    Please  type  and  double-­‐space  your  written  work.    Typing  improves  the  clarity  and  readability  of  your  work  and  double-­‐spacing  allows  room  for  me  to  comment.    Please  also  number  and  staple  multiple  pages.  You  are  free  to  use  your  preferred  citation  style.  Please  use  it  consistently  throughout  your  writing.  If  sending  a  document  electronically,  please  name  the  file  in  the  following  format  Yourlastname  Coursenumber  Assignment1.doc    Grade  Appeals  Please  allow  two  days  to  pass  before  you  submit  a  grade  appeal.    This  gives  you  time  to  reflect  on  my  assessment.    If  you  still  want  to  appeal  your  grade,  please  submit  a  short  but  considered  paragraph  detailing  your  concerns.    Based  on  this  paragraph  I  will  review  the  question  and  either  augment  your  grade  or  refine  my  explanation  for  the  lost  points.      General  Decorum    Slipping  in  late  or  leaving  early,  sleeping,  text  messaging,  surfing  the  Internet,  doing  homework  in  class,  eating,  etc.  are  distracting  and  disrespectful  to  all  participants  in  the  course.        Academic  Dishonesty  and  Plagiarism  http://steinhardt.nyu.edu/policies/academic_integrity    The  relationship  between  students  and  faculty  is  the  keystone  of  the  educational  experience  at  New  York  University  in  the  Steinhardt  School  of  Culture,  Education,  and  Human  Development.  This  relationship  takes  an  honor  code  for  granted  and  mutual  trust,  respect,  and  responsibility  as  foundational  requirements.  Thus,  how  you  learn  is  as  important  as  what  you  learn.  A  university  education  aims  not  only  to  produce  high-­‐quality  scholars,  but  to  also  cultivate  honorable  citizens.    

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Academic  integrity  is  the  guiding  principle  for  all  that  you  do,  from  taking  exams  to  making  oral  presentations  to  writing  term  papers.  It  requires  that  you  recognize  and  acknowledge  information  derived  from  others  and  take  credit  only  for  ideas  and  work  that  are  yours.    You  violate  the  principle  of  academic  integrity  when  you  •  cheat  on  an  exam,  •  submit  the  same  work  for  two  different  courses  without  prior  permission  from  your  professors,  •  receive  help  on  a  take  home  examination  that  calls  for  independent  work,  or  •  plagiarize.    Plagiarism,  one  of  the  gravest  forms  of  academic  dishonesty  in  university  life,  whether  intended  or  not,  is  academic  fraud.  In  a  community  of  scholars,  whose  members  are  teaching,  learning,  and  discovering  knowledge,  plagiarism  cannot  be  tolerated.    Plagiarism  is  failure  to  properly  assign  authorship  to  a  paper,  a  document,  an  oral  presentation,  a  musical  score,  and/or  other  materials  that  are  not  your  original  work.  You  plagiarize  when,  without  proper  attribution,  you  do  any  of  the  following:  •  copy  verbatim  from  a  book,  an  article,  or  other  media;  •  download  documents  from  the  Internet;  •  purchase  documents;  •  report  from  other’s  oral  work;  •  paraphrase  or  restate  someone  else’s  facts,  analysis,  and/or  conclusions;  or  •  copy  directly  from  a  classmate  or  allow  a  classmate  to  copy  from  you.    

Your  professors  are  responsible  for  helping  you  to  understand  other  people's  ideas,  to  use  resources  and  conscientiously  acknowledge  them,  and  to  develop  and  clarify  your  own  thinking.  You  should  know  what  constitutes  good  and  honest  scholarship,  style  guide  preferences,  and  formats  for  assignments  for  each  of  your  courses.  Consult  your  professors  for  help  with  problems  related  to  fulfilling  course  assignments,  including  questions  related  to  attribution  of  sources.  

Through  reading,  writing,  and  discussion,  you  will  undoubtedly  acquire  ideas  from  others,  and  exchange  ideas  and  opinions  with  others,  including  your  classmates  and  professors.  You  will  be  expected,  and  often  required,  to  build  your  own  work  on  that  of  other  people.  In  so  doing,  you  are  expected  to  credit  those  sources  that  have  contributed  to  the  development  of  your  ideas.  

   

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Avoiding  Academic  Dishonesty  

• Organize  your  time  appropriately  to  avoid  undue  pressure,  and  acquire  good  study  habits,  including  note  taking.  

• Learn  proper  forms  of  citation.  Always  check  with  your  professors  of  record  for  their  preferred  style  guides.  Directly  copied  material  must  always  be  in  quotes;  paraphrased  material  must  be  acknowledged;  even  ideas  and  organization  derived  from  your  own  previous  work  or  another's  work  need  to  be  acknowledged.  

• Always  proofread  your  finished  work  to  be  sure  that  quotation  marks,  footnotes  and  other  references  were  not  inadvertently  omitted.  Know  the  source  of  each  citation.  

• Do  not  submit  the  same  work  for  more  than  one  class  without  first  obtaining  the  permission  of  both  professors  even  if  you  believe  that  work  you  have  already  completed  satisfies  the  requirements  of  another  assignment.  

• Save  your  notes  and  drafts  of  your  papers  as  evidence  of  your  original  work.  

Disciplinary  Sanctions  When  a  professor  suspects  cheating,  plagiarism,  and/or  other  forms  of  academic  dishonesty,  appropriate  disciplinary  action  may  be  taken  following  the  department  procedure  or  through  referral  to  the  Committee  on  Student  Discipline.  

Departmental  Procedure  

• The  Professor  will  meet  with  the  student  to  discuss,  and  present  evidence  for  the  particular  violation,  giving  the  student  opportunity  to  refute  or  deny  the  charge(s).  

• If  the  Professor  confirms  the  violation(s),  he/she,  in  consultation  with  the  Program  Director  and  Department  Chair  may  take  any  of  the  following  actions:    

o Allow  the  student  to  redo  the  assignment  o Lower  the  grade  for  the  work  in  question  o Assign  a  grade  of  F  for  the  work  in  question  o Assign  a  grade  of  F  for  the  course  o Recommend  dismissal  

Once  an  action(s)  is  taken,  the  Professor  will  inform  the  Program  Director  and  Department  Chair,  and  inform  the  student  in  writing,  instructing  the  student  to  schedule  an  appointment  with  the  Associate  Dean  for  Student  Affairs,  as  a  final  step.  Copies  of  the  letter  will  be  sent  to  the  Department  Chair  for  his/her  confidential  student  file  and  the  Associate  Dean  for  Student  Affairs.  The  student  has  the  right  to  appeal  the  action  taken  in  accordance  with  the  School's  Student  Complaint  Procedure  as  outlined  in  The  Steinhardt  School  of  Culture,  Education,  and  Human  Development  Student's  Guide.  

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Referral  to  the  Steinhardt  Committee  on  Student  Discipline  In  cases  when  dismissal  is  recommended,  and  in  cases  of  repeated  violations  and/or  unusual  circumstances,  faculty  may  choose  to  refer  the  issue  to  the  Committee  on  Student  Discipline  for  resolution,  which  they  may  do  through  the  Office  of  the  Associate  Dean  for  Student  Affairs.  

The  Steinhardt  School  Statement  on  Academic  Integrity  is  consistent  with  the  New  York  University  Policy  on  Student  Conduct,  published  in  the  NYU  Student  Guide.  

 STUDENT  RESOURCES  

• Students  with  physical  or  learning  disabilities  are  required  to  register  with  the  Moses  Center  for  Students  with  Disabilities,  719  Broadway,  2nd  Floor,  (212-­‐998-­‐4980)  and  are  required  to  present  a  letter  from  the  Center  to  the  instructor  at  the  start  of  the  semester  in  order  to  be  considered  for  appropriate  accommodation.  

 • Writing  Center:  269  Mercer  Street,  Room  233.  Schedule  an  appointment  online  

at  www.rich15.com/nyu/  or  just  walk-­‐in.        

SCHEDULE  OF  CLASSES    

NOTE:    A  selection  of  readings  will  be  chosen  each  week  from  the  list  of  readings  listed,  the  rest  will  be  recommended  and  resources.        MUSIC,  MEDIATION,  COMMUNICATION    Week  1:  Music  as  Cultural  Text    Small.  Christopher.  1998.  “Prelude:  Music  and  Musicking.”  Musicking:  The  Meanings  of  Performing  and  Listening.  Hanover:  Wesleyan  University  Press,  pp.  1-­‐18    Denora,  Tia.  2000.  “Music  as  a  Device  of  Social  Ordering.”  Music  and  Everyday  Life.  New  York:  Cambridge  University  Press,  pp.  109-­‐150.    Blacking.  John.  1974.  How  Musical  Is  Man?  University  of  Washington  Press.  pp.  3-­‐31          

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Week  2:  The  Sensory  Turn:  Immediation  of  Music    Monson,  Ingrid.  2011.  “On  the  Sensory  Turn  in  Music  Scholarship,”  Sensory  ecology    Abbate,  Carolyn.  2004.  "Music  –  Drastic  or  Gnostic?"  Critical  Inquiry  30,  no.  3:  505-­‐536      Auslander,  Philip.  1999.  “Tryin’  to  Make  it  Real,”  Liveness:  Performance  in  a  Mediatized  Culture.  London;  New  York:  Routledge.    Gumbrecht,  Hans  Ulrich.  2004.  “Epiphany,  Presentification,  Deixis,”  Production  of  Presence:  What  Meaning  Cannot  Convey.  Stanford,  Calif.:  Stanford  University  Press.    Massumi,  Brian.  “The  Autonomy  of  Affect,”  Parables  of  the  Virtual:  Movement,  Affect,  Sensation.  Durham:  Duke  UP,  2002  (optional)    Dean,  Jodi.  “Affective  Networks,”  MediaTropes  eJournal  Vol  II,  No  2,  2010,  19-­‐44  (optional)      MUSIC  AND  MASS  MEDIA    Week  3:  Radio  and  Television    Adorno,  Theodor.  2002.  “On  Popular  Music”.  Essays  on  Music  (transl.  Susan  H.  Gillespie)  Berkeley,  Los  Angeles,  London:  California  University  Press,  437-­‐468    Douglas,  Susan.  2004.  “Introduction”.  Listening  In:  Radio  and  the  American  Imagination.  Minneapolis  and  London:  University  of  Minnesota  Press,  3-­‐21    Foege,  Eric.  2008.  “The  Backlash”.  Right  of  the  Dial:  The  Rise  of  Clear  Channel  and  the  Fall  of  Commercial  Radio.  New  York:  Faber  and  Faber,  187-­‐205    Goodwin,  Andrew.  1992.  Dancing  in  the  Distraction  Factory:  Music  Television  and  Popular  Culture.  Minneapolis,  MN:  University  of  Minnesota  Press.  Chapter  6,  pp.  131-­‐155.      Klein,  Naomi.  “The  Brand  Expands,”  No  Logo,  27-­‐61      Klein,  Bethany.  As  Heard  on  TV:  Popular  Music  in  Advertising.  Ashgate  (selections)          

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Remarks  made  at  the  Forum  on  Media  Ownership  Rules  held  at  Columbia  University  on  January  16,  2003,  Webcast  of  proceedings  available  at    HYPERLINK    http://www.law.columbia.edu/media_inquiries/news_events/2003/January_2003/media_owner      Week  4:  Cybersound,  Mobile  Sound    Sterne,  Jonathan.  “Is  Music  a  Thing?”  Forthcoming  in  MP3:  The  Meaning  of  a  Format.  Durham:  Duke  University  Press,  2012    Bull,  Michael.  “Bergson’s  iPod?  The  Cognitive  Management  of  Everyday  Life,”  Sound  Moves:  iPod  Culture  and  Urban  Experience,  New  York:  Routledge,  2008    Ling,  Rich,  and  Donner,  Jonathan.  “Introduction,”  Mobile  Communication.  Malden:  Polity,  2010,  1-­‐29    Handbook  of  Mobile  Communication  (ed.  James  E.  Katz).  Ch.  10,  Sherry  Turkle,  “Always-­‐On/Always-­‐on-­‐You:  The  Tethered  Self”;  Ch.  14,  Naomi  Baron,  “Adjusting  the  Volume:  Technology  and  Multitasking  in  Discourse  Control”;  and  Katz,  James  et  al.  “Mobile  Music  as  Environmental  Control  and  Prosocial  Entertainment,”  Cambridge:  MIT    Beer,  David.  2007.  “Tune  out:  Music,  Soundscapes  and  the  Urban  Mise-­‐en-­‐Scene,”  Information,  Communication  &  Society  10:  6,  846-­‐866    Gopinath,  Sumanth.  “Ringtones,  or  the  Auditory  Logic  of  Globalization”.  First  Monday.    HYPERLINK  http://www.firstmonday.org/Issues/issue10_12/gopinath/index.html    Sterne,  Jonathan,  et  al.  “The  Politics  of  Podcasting”.  Fiberculture:  the  journal.  HYPERLINK  http://journal.fibreculture.org/issue13/issue13_sterne.html      Bull,  Michael.  2006.  “Soundscapes  of  the  Car:  A  Critical  Study  of  Automobile  Habituation”.  The  Auditory  Culture  Reader  (eds.  Michael  Bull  and  Les  Black).  Oxford  and  New  York:  Berg,  357-­‐374  (optional)    Wurtzler,  Steve.  2009.  “Sound  Design:  Everywhere!”  (unpublished)          

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MUSIC  INDUSTRIES    Week  5:  Industrial  Music  and  Dissemination    Negus,  Keith.  1999.  Musical  Genres  and  Corporate  Cultures.  New  York  and  London:  Routledge    Suisman,  David.  2009.  “When  Songs  Became  a  Business,”  Selling  Sounds:  The  Commercial  Revolution  in  American  Music.  Harvard  University  Press.    Dannen,  F.  1990.  Hit  men:  power  brokers  and  fast  money  inside  the  music  business.  New  York:  Times  Books.  Chapter  1,  pp.  3-­‐17.    Caves,  R.  E.  2002.  Creative  Industries.  Cambridge:  Harvard  University  Press.  Chapters  3  &  9  &18  (music  sections  thereof),  pp.  61-­‐67,  146-­‐160,  286-­‐296    Williams,  Raymond.  2003.  Television,  Technology  and  Cultural  Form.  New  York  and  London:  Routledge      Week  6:  Digital  Music  and  Networks    Wikstrom,  Patrik.  2009.  “Introduction  –  Music  in  the  Cloud”  and  “Music  and  the  Media,”  in  The  Music  Industry:  Music  in  the  Cloud.  Malden,  MA:  Polity,  1-­‐11,  85-­‐117    Kernfeld,  Barry,  2011.  “Song  Sharing,”  in  Pop  Song  Piracy:  Disobedient  Music  Distribution  Since  1929.  Chicago.    Benkler,  Yochai.  2007.  “Peer  Production  and  Sharing,”  The  Wealth  of  Networks:  How  Social  Production  Transforms  Markets  and  Freedom,  59-­‐90.      Frere-­‐Jones,  Sasha.  2010.  “You,  the  DJ:  Online  Music  Moves  to  the  Cloud,”  The  New  Yorker,  June  14  &  21,  2010,  1389-­‐139    Lessig,  Lawrence.  2008.  Remix:  Marking  Art  and  Commerce  Thrive  in  the  Hybrid  Economy.  Penguin:  New  York  (Preface  and  Introduction)    Burkart,  Patrick.  2010.  Music  and  Cyberliberties.  Wesleyan  (excerpt)    Saxon,  Elijah,  “The  Price  of  Free,”  Social  Text,  November  2009        Viewing  

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RIP!  A  Remix  Manifesto  (dir.  Brett  Gaylor)  Good  Copy,  Bad  Copy  (dir.  Andreas  Johnsen,  et  al)      MUSIC  TECHNOLOGIES    Week  7:  Standardization  and  Reproducibility    Sousa,  John  Philip.  1906.  “The  Menace  of  Mechanical  Music”  HYPERLINK  http://www.phonozoic.net/n0155.htm    Edison,  Thomas.  1878.  “The  Phonograph  and  its  Future”  HYPERLINK  http://www.phonozoic.net/n0020.htm    Benjamin,  Walter.  1969.  “The  Work  of  Art  in  the  Age  of  Mechanical  Reproduction”.  Illuminations  (ed.  Hannah  Arendt,  transl.  Harry  Zorn).  New  York:  Schocken,  217-­‐251      Katz,  Mark.  2004.  Capturing  Sound:  How  Technology  Has  Changed  Music.  Berkeley,  Los  Angeles  and  London:  University  of  California  Press,  1-­‐47    Mowitt,  John.  “The  Sound  of  Music  in  the  Era  of  Its  Electronic  Reproducibility,”  in  Music  and  Society:  The  Politics  of  Composition,  Performance  and  Reception,  edited  by  Richard  Leppert  and  Susan  McClary,  173-­‐197.  New  York:  Cambridge  University  Press,  1987    Gitelman,  Lisa.  2006.  “New  Media  Publics.”  Always  Already  New:  Media,History  and  the  Data  of  Culture,  Cambridge:  MIT  Press,  25-­‐58.      Suisman,  David.  2009.  “Music  Without  Musicians.”  Selling  Sounds:  The  Commercial    Revolution  in  American  Music.  Cambridge:  Harvard  University  Press.  90-­‐124.      Stanyek,  Jason,  and  Benjamin  Piekut.  2010.  “Deadness:  Technologies  of  the  Intermundane.”  The  Drama  Review  54,  no.  1:  14-­‐38.    Jackson,  Myles.  2006.  “The  Fetish  of  Precision  II:  Standardizing  Music.”  Harmonious  Triads:  Physicists,  Musicians,  and  Instrument  Makers  in  Nineteenth-­‐Century  Germany.  Cambridge:  MIT  Press,  183-­‐220.      Week  8:  High  Fidelity  and  Hyperfidelity    Baudrillard,  Jean.  1994.  “The  Precession  of  Simulacra”.  Simulacra  and  Simulation  (Transl.  Sheila  Faria  Glaser).  Michigan,  1-­‐42    

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Katz,  Mark.  2004.  Capturing  Sound:  How  Technology  Has  Changed  Music.  Berkeley,  Los  Angeles  and  London:  University  of  California  Press,  48-­‐71    Kittler,  Friedrich.  1999.  “Introduction”.  Gramaphone,  Film,  Typewriter  (Trans.  Geoffrey  Winthrop-­‐Young  and  Michael  Wutz).  Stanford,  Calif.:  Stanford  University  Press,  1-­‐19      Sterne,  Jonathan.  2003.  “The  Social  Genesis  of  Sound  Fidelity”.  The  Audible  Past:  Cultural  Origins  of  Sound  Reproduction.  Durham  and  London:  Duke  University  Press,  215-­‐286    Thompson,  Emily.  2004.  The  Soundscape  of  Modernity:  Architectural  Acoustics  and  the  Culture  of  Listening  in  America,  1900-­‐1933.  Cambridge  MA,  London:  MIT,  1-­‐12  and  115-­‐168    DeNora,  Tia  and  A.  Bergh.  “From  wind-­‐up  to  iPod:  techno-­‐cultures  of  listening.”  In  The  Cambridge  Companion  to  Recorded  Music,  eds.  Eric  Clarke,  Nicholas  Cook,  Daniel  Leech-­‐Wilkinson  and  John  Rink.  Cambridge:  Cambridge  University  Press,  forthcoming      Théberge,  Paul.  “The  New  ‘Sound’  of  Music:  Technology  and  Changing  Concepts  of  Music,”  Any  Sound  You  Can  Imagine:  Making  Music/Consuming  Technology,  186-­‐213.  Hanover:  Wesleyan  University  Press,  1997      Week  9:  Ideologies  of  Sonic  Emplacement    Meintjes,  Louise.  2003.  “The  Recording  Studio  as  Fetish,”  Sounds  of  Africa!  Making  Music  Zulu  in  a  South  African  Studio.  Durham  and  London:  Duke  University  Press,  71-­‐108    Rodgers,  Tara.  2010.  “Introduction.”  Pink  Noises:  Women  on  Electronic  Music  and  Sound.  Durham:  Duke  University  Press,  1-­‐24      Doyle,  Peter.  2005.  “Harnessing  the  Echo.”  Echo  and  Reverb:  Fabricating  Space  in  Popular  Music  Recording,  Hanover:  Wesleyan  University  Press.  

Veal,  Michael.  2007.  “Starship  Africa:  The  Acoustics  of  Diaspora  and  the  Postcolony.”  Dub:  Soundscapes,  and  Shattered  Songs  in  Jamaican  Reggae.  196-­‐219.  Hanover:  Wesleyan  University  Press  

Fales,  Cornelia.  2005.  “Short  Circuiting  Perceptual  Systems:  Timbre  in  Ambient  and  Techno  Music,”  Wired  for  Sound:  Engineering  and  Technologies  in  Sonic  Cultures,  edited  by  Paul  D.  Greene  and  Thomas  Porcello,  156-­‐180.    Middletown:  Wesleyan  University  Press.    

 

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MUSIC  PHILOSOPHIES    Week  10:  Metaphysics  and  Listening    Sorgner,  Stefan  Lorenz  et  al.  2010.  “Kant,”  “Schopenhauer,”  “Nietzsche”  in  Music  in  German  Philosophy.  Chicago.    McLuhan,  Marshall,  “Visual  and  Acoustic  Space,”  Audioculture:  Readings  in  Modern  Music.  New  York:  Continuum,  67-­‐72    Schaefer,  Pierre.  “Acousmatics,”  Audioculture:  Readings  in  Modern  Music.  New  York:  Continuum,  76-­‐81      Barthes,  Roland.  “Listening”  Responsibility  of  Forms    Chion,  Michel,  “The  Three  Listening  Modes,”  Audiovision:  Sound  on  Screen.  New  York:  Columbia  UP,  1994,  25-­‐34    Derrida,  Jacques.  “Differance,”  Margins  of  Philosophy    Crawford,  Kate.  2009.  “Following  You:  Disciplines  of  Listening  in  Social  Media.”  Continuum:  Journal  of  Media  and  Cultural  Studies,  23,  no.4,  525-­‐535.      Week  11:  Voice  and  Interiority    Roland  Barthes,  “The  Grain  of  the  Voice,”  in  The  Responsibility  of  Forms.  Berkeley:  University  of  California  Press,  1995,  267-­‐77.    Dolar,  Mladen.  “Metaphysics  of  Voice,”  A  Voice  and  Nothing  More      Neumark,  Norie,  et  al.  2010.  Voice:  Vocal  Aesthetics  in  Digital  Arts  and  Media.  Boston:  MIT  Press  (Essays  by  Leeuwen,  Taussig,  and  Brophy)    Chion,  Michel.  “The  Acousmêtre,”  The  Voice  of  Cinema    Wolfe,  Charles.  “Historicizing  the  ‘Voice  of  God:’  The  Place  of  Voice-­‐Over  in  Classical  Documentary”    Cavarero,  Adriana.  For  More  Than  One  Voice:  Toward  a  Philosophy  of  Vocal  Expression    Eidsheim,  Nina.  “Voice  as  a  Technology  of  Selfhood:  Towards  an  Analysis  of  Racialized  Timbre  and  Vocal  Performance,”  PhD  dissertation,  UCSD,  2008  (excerpt)    

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Olwage,  Grant.  “The  Class  and  Colour  of  Tone:  An  Essay  on  the  Social  History  of  Vocal  Timbre,”  Ethnomusicology  Forum,  13/2,  2004,  203-­‐26.      Week  12:  MUSIC  AND  AUDIOVISUAL  MEDIA    Belazs,  Bela.  1985.  “Theory  of  the  Film:  Sound,”  Film  Sound:  Theory  and  Practice  (eds.  Elizabeth  Weis  and  John  Belton.  New  York:  Columbia  UP,  116-­‐125.      Miller,  Kiri.  2009.  “Schizophonic  Performance:  Guitar  Hero,  Rock  Band,  and  Virtual  Virtuosity,”  Journal  of  the  Society  for  American  Music.  Vol.  3  No.  4,  395-­‐429    Chion,  Michel.  Audio-­‐Vision:  Sound  on  Screen  (selections)    Lastra,  James.  Sound  Technology  and  the  American  Cinema  (selections)    Altman,  Rick  (ed.).  Sound  Theory  Sound  Practice  (selections)    Smith,  Jeff.  The  Sounds  of  Commerce:  Marketing  Popular  Film  Music  (selections)      Week  13:  LOOP,  SAMPLE,  DUB,  REMIX,  MASHUP:  MUSIC  GENRES  TODAY  

Chang,  Jeff.  “Loop  1”,  Can’t  Stop,  Won’t  Stop.  

Katz,  Mark.  “The  Breaks  and  the  Bronx,”  unpublished  paper,  forthcoming  in  2012  

Rose,  Tricia.  “Soul  Sonic  Forces:  Technology,  Orality,  and  Black  Cultural  Practice  in  Rap  Music,”  Black  Noise:  Rap  Music  and  Black  Culture  in  Contemporary  America.  Hanover  and  London:  Wesleyan  University  Press,  1994,  62-­‐98  

Hebdige,  Dick.  “Rap  and  Hip  Hop:  the  New  York  Connection,”  Cut  ‘n’  Mix:  Culture,  Identity  and  Caribbean  Music.  London  and  New  York:  Routledge,  2000  (1987),  136-­‐148  

Schumacher,  T.G.  “‘This  is  a  sampling  sport:’  Digital  Sampling,  Rap  Music  and  the  Law  in  Cultural  Production”.  Media,  Culture  and  Society  17,  1995,  253-­‐273  

Lipsitz,  George.  Diasporic  NoiseL  History,  Hip  Hop,  and  the  Post-­‐colonial  Politics  of  Sound,”  Dangerous  Crossroads:  Popular  Music,  Postmodernism  and  the  Poetics  of  Place.  London  and  New  York:  Verso,  1997,  23-­‐4  

Sylvan,  Robin.  Trance  Formation:  The  Spiritual  and  Religious  Dimensions  of  Global  Rave  Culture.  New  York  and  London:  Routledge,  2005,  17-­‐33  and  63-­‐96      

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Hallowell,  Sean.  “Adorno  and  Mashup”  (forthcoming)    Sinnreich,  Aram.  “Mash  it  Up!”  unpublished  article  (summary  of  Mashed  Up!,  2010)    

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