muscadine pruning

8/19/2019 Muscadine Pruning

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Vertical Single Wire

Slide 1


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Two-wire “vertical” trellis with 4

arms/vine

Slide 2


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Removing the lower two arms

at dormant pruning

Photo compliments of

B. Faulkner, Wayne Co. CES Slide 3


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Two wire (horizontal) training system

Slide 4


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Overhead arbors

Slide 5


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North Carolina System

Slide 6


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Muscadines – were allowed to growwild until early 1900’s

Trellising not introduced until 1907

Vitis rotundifolia

Slide 7


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Single trunk vines: cordon

support systems

Vertical wire

trellises

(# 1, #2)

1. Single wire (5 ft) 2. Double wire (2 ½, 5 ft)

3. Geneva Double Curtain (GDC)

Horizontal – double wire trellis

(#3)

Photo of GDC

# 2 is not recommeded

in Muscadines

Slide 8


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Initial Training Goals

Year 1 – rooting, trunk establishment Year 2 – straight trunk, strong arms

Year 3 – complete the training

Slide 8a


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AG-94

Training in First Year

Slide 9


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Second Year

1. Single Trunk 2. Permanent arm (cordon)

3. Harvest light crop

1

2

3

4 Bearer

Slide 10


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1

2

3

Slide 11


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Fruiting Habit of Muscadines

Source of fruiting wood? Bud location

Selecting quality wood

Slide 11a


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Fruiting Habit & Pruning

Slide 11 b


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New shoot (early May)

Count bud on spur (1 yr wood)Slide 12


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Late September – before harvest

in piedmont, NC

The shoots inthis canopy were

summer pruned (shortened);

otherwise the shoots would

reach the ground.

Slide 13


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Bud forms in leaf axil

axil

Growing season Dormant seasonSlide 14


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Close-up 1 year wood (cane)

Definition Cane – growth of thecurrent season or shoots

that have become woodySlide 15


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Close-up: Single bud on 1 yr.

wood & new shoot

Single bud (winter) Shoot from single bud (next growing season)

Flower

cluster

Slide 16


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1 year wood and buds

bud

bud

Slide 17


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Weak (top) vs. healthy

(bottom) 1 year wood

Slide 18


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NO Pruning

Slide 19


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Using hedgers to pruning away unwanted 1 yearwood, and to “shape the vine” so that the zone of

fruitful 1 year wood is inside the imaginary circles

on each arm

permanent arms

Pruning away excess 1 year wood Slide 20


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Before and After

Slide 21


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Best time to prune?

You will not see“bleeding” from

pruning cuts in

Dec-Jan-early Feb

Slide 22


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Slide 23


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Pruning cut-off date?

Bleeding from pruning cuts will

not harm the vine

Slide 24


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Basic Tools Needed

Loppers

Hand Pruners

Gloves

Slide 25


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1 year wood

Slide 26


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1st winter – prune back to just

1 bud

cordon

Slide 27


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4-inch spur (2-3 buds)

Count bud number 1

Count bud number 2

Count bud number 3

Cordon

Second Winter Dormant Pruning Slide 28


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Close-up of fruit spur

Slide 29Third Winter Pruning


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1

2

3

Slide 30


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Mature healthy vine

1 year

wood

Cordon of a healthy

5 year old vine – each year the 1 year

‘fruiting spurs’ move

further from the cordon

2 year 3 year

Bearer

Slide 31


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Older vine with less fruitful

“bearers”

Slide 32


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Problems – older vines

2 ft – no

fruit spurs

Barren section of

cordon – must leave

more spurs in other areas to compensate

Slide 33


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Prune to a

1 bud renewalspur

Leaving 1 base bud

Slide 34


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Candidate for cordon renewal

in another year?

Slide 35


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Putting it all together!

Slide 36


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Vertical Single Wire – Research Questions

Slide 37

100 buds/arm?

20 spurs/arm x 5 buds


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Slide 38

Severe pruning200 buds/vine

100 buds/arm

20 spurs/arm

5 buds/spur


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Slide 38 a


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Hedged Only (600 bud/arm)

Slide 38b


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(4-6 shoots are recommended per ft vienyard row in bunch grapes)z

40.0033.3326.6720.0040400800

25.0020.8316.6712.5025250500

22.5018.7515.0011.2522.5225450

20.0016.6713.3310.0020200Mech_400

17.5014.5811.678.7517.5175350

15.0012.5010.007.5015150Proc_300

12.5010.428.336.2512.5125250

10.008.336.675.0010100Fresh200

7.506.255.003.757.575150

BEARERS/10 ft10121520Buds/ft zBuds/10ftBuds

12 inch10 inch8 inch6 inchSpacingSpur Retained

Slide 39

E t i P i


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Extension Pruning

Demonstrations

Slide 40

muscadine pruning

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