Roleofnanotechnologyindevelopinghightechfromlabtoconsumer

Munir H. Nayfeh Professor. Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.President,NanoSiAdvancedTechnologies, Inc.,ResearchPark,Champaign, IL,USA.Nanotechnology holdsmassive potential to transformmany sectors including healthcare,energy,electronics,andeducationandtraining. Inhealthcare,nanotechnologymaycreatenewways andhigh-techdevices for earlydetectionanddiagnosisof disease, andpreciseandtargetedon-demanddrugdelivery.Inenergyandlighting,nanotechnologymayenablenovel procedures and devices for harvesting and storing renewable photovoltaic solarenergy. Realizing this future requires the collaborative efforts of all stakeholders toovercomethechallengesofdrivingthetechnologythroughoutthedevelopmentcycle,fromlab to consumer. In this talk, we present the basics of nanotechnology and thecharacteristics of silicon nanotechnology, as well as explore the challenges inherent incommercializingradicalnanotechnologyinnovationsandmakingtheirbenefitsavailabletothe public. Challenges of cost, mass production and safety are particularly relevant toapplications in the healthcare andmedical fields.We will also provide insights into howcollaborationcanhelpaddressthesechallengesandacceleratethepaceofnanotechnologycommercialization.Agricultural andBiomedicalApplicationsofBionanotechnology to TackleGrand SocietalChallengesIrfan S. Ahmad. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, College of Engineering and CarleIllinoisCollegeofMedicine,UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign According to UN estimates 60% more food will be required by 2050 to feed 9 billioninhabitants of this planet, with many of the ingredients for the world’s diet makingtransnational border crossings. Currently, the agricultural sector is confronting variousglobal challenges suchas: climate change,urbanization, sustainableuseof resources, andenvironmental issues like run-off and accumulation of pesticides and fertilizers.Bionanotechnologyoffersnovelmethodologiesandsolutionstoawiderangeofoverarchingchallenges facing agriculture, food, and biomedical systems. This involves seeding ofinnovative ideas and conducting fundamental and application-oriented research anddevelopment,foragricultureandfoodsecuritythroughimprovedproductivity,quality,andbiodiversity;improvednutritionalvalueoffeedsandeffectivebiomedicaltheranostics.Thedirection includes understanding the mechanisms of host-parasite interactions at themolecular level, development of new-generation of pesticides and their carriers,preservation and packaging of food and food additives. The talk will specifically discussrecent researchefforts towardenvironment-friendlyagriculture through thedevelopmentof liposomes as a novel carrier for designing slow release formulations of commercially

availablenematicides,sensingofnitratesinthesoil,andtheuseofplantextractsforcancernanomedicinetappingbiophotoniccrystalsensorsandlab-on-a-chiptechnologies.Keywords: Cellular biology, Drug Discovery,Medicinal Plants,Micro and Nanotechnology,PesticidesNanotheranosticsforpersonalizedcancercare

BulentAydogan,UniversityofChicago

Nanotechnology heralds an exciting new era of research andmedical applicationswherescience fiction may become a reality. In the true spirit of interdisciplinary quest anddevelopmentofscientificknowledge,thefieldsofphysicalsciencesandchemistryhavenowadvancednanotechnologytoextendsolutionsandapplicationinbiologyandmedicine.Theadvances in nanotechnology thus far resulted in novel opportunities for discovery ofclinically relevant markers, molecular disease imaging and tools for therapeuticintervention,whichhaveapotentialtotransformthefieldofmedicine.Studiesaremainlyfocused in individualized treatments to garner greater benefit while avoiding treatmentinduced side effect. Nanotechnology offers a great opportunity in precession medicinewherebycancercouldbediagnosedandtreatedsimultaneouslybyasingleagent,whileitsresponsetotreatmentmonitoredforaccurateprognosis.Althoughnanotechnologyisstillintheresearchstage,severalapplicationsarematuringfortranslationfromthebenchtothebedside. In this session, after briefly describing currently available components in currentnano-toolbox, that are expected to be incorporated in clinical practice in the conceivablefuture, we will review applications in cancer diagnosis and treatments ranging immune-modulationuptocancertherapeutics.

CNFM:National FrenchNetwork inMicro andNanotechnologyProspect of CooperationwithPalestinianAcademicInstitutes

AhmadBsiesy,DirectorofCIMENanotech,UniversityGrenobleAlpes,Grenoble,FranceMicro and nano Technology high education in France is organized through a networkcomposedoftwelvecenters,sixofthemhavingcleanroomfacilities.Duringthelastdecade,therehasbeenastrongevolutionfrommicroelectronicstonanotechnologyinordertocopewiththeincreasingdemandofqualifiedhumanresourcesinthenanotechnologyarea.This long experience in the field in nanotechnologymay be useful for emerging countrieswillingtodevelopeducationandresearchinthisfieldthroughaconnectiontothisnetworkwherebycollaborationandknow-howtransfercanbeimplemented.Keywords: high education and scientific research, national education network,nantechnology

Monitoring the effects of phase transitions on the structural and opticalpropertiesofSe/Ag/Senanostructures

A. F. Qasrawi1, *, Hadil D. Aloushi 1. 1Department of Physics, Arab-AmericanUniversity,Jenin,Palestine

Inthiswork,twoseleniumlayersofthicknessesof500nmwhicharenanosandwichedwithAgnanosheetsofthicknessesof100nm(Se/Ag/Se)aresubjectedtoaninsitumonitoringofthestructuralandoptical transitionsduring theheatingprocess in the temperaturerange303-473 K by the X-ray diffraction and ultraviolet-visible light spectrophotometrytechniques, respectively. The Se/Ag/Se thin films are observed to exhibit phasetransformationfromamorphoustopolycrystallinephasesat343K.Raisingthetemperatureabove363K,enhancedthecrystallinityofthehexagonalphase,decreasedthemicrostrain,increased the crystallite size and reduced the defects density. Consistently, the opticalabsorptionspectraredshiftuponheating.Theredshiftisaccompaniedwithtransitioninthevalue of the energy band gap from 2.03 eV to 1.85 eV as thematerial change structuralphase from amorphous to polycrystalline. Increasing the temperature shrunk the energybandsgap.Anotherpermanentphasetransformationfromhexagonalto orthorhombic isdetectedwhen theSe/Ag/Sesystem isallowed tocool.ThescanningelectronmicroscopyimageshasshownthatthephasetransformationconvertsthegrainsofSe/Ag/Sefilmsfromwire shaped to nano-tubes. The second phase transformation blue shifts the absorptioncoefficientspectraandincreasedtheenergybandgap.TheenhancementsinthestructuralandopticalparametersthatareachievedviaheatingprocessmaketheSethinfilmsmoreappropriateforoptoelectronicapplications.

Keywords:Selenium;thermalassistedcrystallization;hexagonal;opticalproperties

NanotechnologyinMicrobiology

AbdelraoufA.Elmanama.IslamicUniversityofGaza,PalestineEveryaspectof life is touchedorcouldbetouchedbynanotechnology. Microbiology isagrowingandexpanding fieldof knowledgeandapplications. It greatlybenefited from theadvancementofnanoscience.Treatinginfectiousdiseaseswithnano-metaloxidesaloneorin combination with antibiotics is increasingly becoming a reality. Drug delivery systemsdependent on nanomaterials in medicine is thought to enhance the effectiveness oftreatment and reduce side effects. antimicrobial surfaces in hospitals, in food productionfacilities,swimmingpools,farms,offices,andevenmobilephones.Thehardtopreventandtoremovemicrobialbiofilmsarealsotreatedwithnano-materialswithgreatsuccess.Thiswould revolutionize medical views on infectious diseases, industrial as well asenvironmental systems. Due to unique electrical, magnetic, luminescent, and catalyticpropertiesofnanomaterials,faster,sensitiveandmoreeconomicaldiagnosticassayscanbe

developed.Immuno-modulatoryeffectscanalsobeobtained(e.g.,Goldnanoparticlesusedas antigen carriers were shown to stimulate the phagocytic activity ofmacrophages andaffect the functioning of lymphocytes). Nano fibers is also of great value in advancingmicrobiology.Wounddressingmaterialsmadefromnano-fibersbypreventingscaringandsheddingofbacterialpathogenstotheenvironment.Inadditionnano-fabricsarenowusedinmakinggownsandcoatstoavoidchemicalandbiologicalcontaminationofstaff,patientsas well as hospital visitors. In Gaza, this field needs support on the educational level(curricula development), research level (infrastructures and equipment) as well aspromotingandencouragingstudentsandacademicianstospecialize inthevariousfieldofnanosciences.

Photo-degradation of water-organic contaminants and bacteria with safe sensitizedTiO2andZnOnanoparticles:agreensustainablemethodforwaterpurificationAhed Zyoud1, Hikmat Hilal1, Muath Helal2, Majdi Dwikat1, Samar Al-Shakhshir1, SamerZyoud3, Amani Zu'bi1, Raed Alkowni4. 1SSERL, Department of Chemistry, An-Najah N.University, Palestine, 2College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan,Canada, 3Department of Mathematics and Science, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE,4DepartmentofBiologyandBiotechnology,An-NajahN.University,PalestineWidely spreadof chemically industryproducingmany typesofenvironmentallypollutants(e.g dyes, herbicides, pesticides, insecticides, drugs, bacteria and others), most of thesepollutants reach our drinkingwater resources, different strategies have been followed topurify contaminated water, one of the low-cost technology is using semiconductors ascatalystforphotodegradationofwater-organiccontaminants.TiO2nano-andmicroparticleshavebeenusedforphoto-degradationofwidelyspreadwaterorganiccontaminants.Duetoitswidebandgap (~3.2eV) TiO2photo-catalytic activity is limited to shorterwavelengthsonly(UVregion).Asonly~4%ofthesolarspectrumfallsintheUVregion,smallerbandgapsemiconductors (e.g. CdS, with 2.3 eV) are used to sensitize TiO2 particles. The TiO2/CdSsystemhasbeenused as a catalyst inwaterpurificationbyphoto-degradationof organiccontaminants such as methyl orange and Phenazopyridine (Medically active compound).However, the TiO2/CdS system is unstable under photodegradation conditions yieldinghazardous Cd2+ ions. Alternative ZnO nanoparticles naked and substrate to differentmaterials like (clay, sand, and activated carbon)were used in photodegradation process;also natural dyes (anthocyanin & Curcumin) were used as a sensitizer for the TiO2nanoparticles. The different prepared nano-catalyst systemswere used to photo-degradevarious contaminants of water and soil, such as methyl orange, phenazopyridine,paracetamol, phenols, and halo-phenols, with solar radiation. Furthermore, the ZnOnanoparticles were used in water purification and disinfection (from bacteria that causewater contamination) by complete mineralization under solar light. Different reactionparameters(suchascatalyticefficiency,effectsofcatalystconcentration,catalystrecovery,

contaminantconcentration,temperature,pHandcompletemineralization)willbediscussedtogether.Keywords:Photodegradation,Nanoparticles,TiO2,ZnO,Sensitization,waterpurification.NanotechnologyinGaza:RealityandProspectiveA.Alkahlout.AlAzharUniversity,Gaza,PalestineThe manipulation of matter at the atomic and molecular scale to create materials withremarkably varied and new properties is a rapidly expanding area of researchwith hugepotentialapplicationsinmanysectors.Gaza-Palestinelivesdifficultconditionswhichmakethepossibilitiesoftheresearchquiterestricted.Ateamofdistinguishedresearcherswhocomefromdifferentfieldsandbackgrounds(physics,chemistry,biologyandengineering)atthe Palestinian universities in Gaza has established a Materials Science & EngineeringResearchGroup (MERSG). MSERG is leading thebest studentsof theundergraduateandgraduatelevelstolunchhightechnologicalprojectsinmaterialssciencesservingtheneedsofthecommunityandthePalestinianmarket.Researchinterestsfocusonsynthesisofnovelfunctionalmaterialsandcoatingstoconductinnovative pre-competition research in the field renewable energy and environmentalapplications. Special emphasis is on dye sensitized solar cells, Perovskite solar cells,supercapacitors for energy storage antimicrobial coatings, photo catalyst for watertreatmentandrecyclingbatteries.Keywords:Nanotechnology,Gaza,researchGroupPalestinian scientists and nanotechnology: Towards building sustainable economy inPalestine

Hikmat S. Hilal and Ahed Zyoud.Department of Chemistry, An-NajahNational University,Nablus,Palestine

Palestine,yettogainindependence,facesmanyfuturechallenges,mostcrucialisbuildingasustainableeconomy.Deprivedfrom itsnatural resources,with its landbeingconfiscated,Palestine can achieve goals only through establishing knowledge based economy, whereknow-howisthecornerstone.Advancedmaterials(includingnanotechnology)arepossiblebasic foundations for future Palestine industrial revolution. The proposed approach toachievethis is to involvescientists fromdifferentdomains inadvancedmaterials researchtargeting areas of high priority (energy, environment, water, health, agriculture and

education). The next stagewill be targeting other areas that sustain advanced industries(such as solid ionic conductors, solar energy materials, advanced batteries &superconductors, smart materials, high-tech, carbon nano-tubes, and other devices). Tovisualize feasibility of this strategy, we present here latest breakthroughs. This is toexemplifywhatPalestinianstudentscanachieveinsolarenergyusingnano-filmelectrodesof semiconductor materials. Comparison with other state-of-the-art studies in otherprestigious laboratories is highlighted. Other examples of advancedmaterial applications(advanced batteries, electrochromics, carbon nano-tubes and conjugated polymers) willthenbeproposed for researchers to target. Possible impactofPalestinian researchers inthese areas, at global level, will then be critically discussed, with reference to areas ofstrengthandlimitations.

ChargeCarrier-PlasmonInteractionsatthe(In,Pb,La)/Cu2SeInterfaces

Arwa N. Abu Ghannam, A. F.Qasrawi. Department of Physics. Arab American University,Jenin,PalestineIn thiswork,we have studied the structural and optical performances of CuSe thin filmswhicharegrownontothintransparentIndium,LanthanumandLeadmetalsubstrates.Themetal/CuSe films which are prepared by thermal evaporation technique under vacuumpressure of 10-5 mbar displayed different characteristics based on the metal type.Particularly,while the In, Pb/CuSedisplayed the samevalueof cubic lattice constant, theLa/CuSeexhibitedshorterlatticeconstants.Thestructuralparameters,accordinglyarealsoinfluenced by the substrate type. Namely, the grain size, the defect density, the stakingfaultsandthestressexhibithighervaluesthanthoseofIn,Pb/CuSeinterfaces.Ontheotherhand,theopticalspectroscopystudieswhicharecarriedoutintheincidentlightwavelengthrangeof300-1100nmrevealedalesseffectofthemetalsonthevalueoftheenergybandgapandremarkableeffectonthehighfrequencydielectricconstant.Inaddition,theDrude-Lorantzanalysisandmodelingontheimaginarypartofthedielectricconstanthaveshownthat the scattering time at femtosecond level is increased in the presence of metalsubstrates. Suchbehavior indicatesthattheelectronicfriction inCuSehasdecreasedandtheelectronictransportbecomemoreeffective.Consistently,thedriftmobilityisincreasedin the presence of metals. With the value of plasmon frequency being in the gigahertzrange. The In, La, Pb/CuSe canbeacceptedaspromising interfaces foruseasplasmonicdeviceandasmicrowavefilters.

Keywords:Cu2Se,Plasmon,thinfilm

FormationandCharacterizationof(MoO3/ZnS,InSe)Heterojunctions

Nancy.M.yasin, A. F.Qasrawi. 1Department of Physics, Arab American University, Jenin,Palestine

Inthisthesiswehaveexploredthestructural,optical,dielectricandelectricalpropertiesoftheMoO3/(ZnS,InSe)interfacesbymeansofX-raydiffraction,UVvisiblelightspectroscopyand current-voltage characteristics techniques. TheMoO3/(ZnS,InSe) interfaceswhich arepreparedby the thermalevaporation techniqueunder vaccumpressureof10-5mbarareobserved to exhibit amorphous nature of growth. Optically, while theMoO3/ZnS exhibitconduction and valance band offsets of 2.8 and 2.65 eV, respectively, the MoO3/InSerevealedenergybandoffsetsof2.15,1.1eV,respectively.TheobtainedΔEcandΔEvvaluesnominate the interfaces for optoelectronic applications including thin film transistortechnology. To verify the applicability of these systems in optoelectronic technology, thedielectric dispersion spectrum for the MoO3/ZnS are studied and modeled in Drude-Lorentz approach for optical conduction. The study indicate that the formation of thisheterojunctionsenhancesthedriftmobilityofthechargecarriersto13.1cm2/V.sandmakethePlasmonfrequencyrangenarrower.Ontheotherhand,theDrude-LorentzmodelingforMoO3/InSe interfaces have shown that the drift mobilities for this interface could beimprovedmoreandavalueof48.7 cm2/V.s isobtained.As indicated from theelectricalmeasurments,theMoO3/ZnSsystemelectricallyfailstobehaveasthinfilmtransistors.Ontheotherhand,TheMoO3/InSeheterojunctionwhichwaselectricallyinvestigatedrevealedcharacteristics of back to back schottky devices. The analysis of the current-voltagecharacteristicsofthisdevicehasshownthatthecurrentisdominatedbythemalexcitationsaccompaniedwithchargeparticle tunnelingthroughbarrierheightof~0.7 𝑒𝑉.Thedevicealso displayed resonant tunneling diode characteristics during reverse biasing conditions.TheMoO3/InSedeviceappeartobepromisingforoptoelectronicapplications.

Design and Optical Characterization of Indium Sandwiched Molybdenum Trioxide ThinFilms

Haifaa' Kmail 1,M.AbuSaa1,HazemK.Khanfar2,A. F.Qasrawi1. 1DepartmentofPhysics,ArabAmericanUniversity,Palestine;2DepartmentofTelecommunicationEngineering,ArabAmericanUniversity,Palestine

Inthecurrentstudy,thestructural,opticalanddielectricpropertiesoftheMoO3/In/MoO3nanosandwiched structuresare investigatedbymeansofX-raydiffractionandultraviolet-visiblelightspectrophotometrytechniques.WhilethethicknessofMoO3iskeptat500nm,thethicknessoftheIndiumslabisselectedintherangeof25-200nm.Theinsertionof200nmindiumlayerasananosandwichhasinducedthecrystallizationintheamorphousMoO3films.Uponannealing,thosesandwichedwith200nmindiumslab,displayedwellcrystallinephaseoforthorhombica-MoO3atannealing temperatureof250oC.Optically, remarkable

enhancementintheabsorptioncoefficientassociatedwithredshiftintheenergybandgapis observed. In addition, the dielectric spectral studies are found to exhibit a significantincreaseinthedielectricconstantvaluewithincreasingindiumslabthickness.TheDrude–Lorentzmodelingoftheimaginarypartofthedielectricspectrahasshownthattheinsertionof thin layer of indium could increase the number of free carriers available foroptoelectronicconduction. Itrevealsawidevariety intheplasmonresonantfrequencyonthesurfaceoftheMoO3/In/MoO3filmsassociatedwiththescatteringtimeofelectronsatgigahertz frequencies. However, it is observed that the 200 nm Indium sandwiched filmshaveverydistinctopticalanddielecticpropertiesdifferentfromotherfilms.Thesevariousproperties are promising for using theMoO3 in different applications and it indicate theapplicabilityofthesesandwichedinoptoelectronicsdevices.

Keywords:MoO3;dielectric;opticalproperties;orthorhombic;Plasmon.

PerovskiteMaterialsandSpiro-MeOTADinPerovskiteSolarCellsZaferHawash,1,2LuisKOno,1SoniaRRaga,1,3MichaelVLee,1,4Dae-YongSon,1,5Nam-Gyu Park,5,* Yabing Qi,1,*. 1 OIST Graduate University, Okinawa, 9040497, Japan. 2KarlstadUniversity,Karlstad,Sweden,65188,Sweden.3MonashUniversity,Victoria,3800,Australia.4NorthernArizonaUniversity,Flagstaff,86001,USA.5SungkyunkwanUniversity,Suwon,440746,Korea.Thin filmperovskitematerialshavedemonstratedexceptionalpotential foroptoelectronicdevices and are currently under intensive research efforts. Using photoemissionspectroscopy (PES) and mercury drop electrode I-V measurement under controlledenvironmental conditions we unraveled the combined effects of different elements inambient air that affect the performance of LiTFSI-doped spiro-MeOTAD hole transportmaterial(HTM)[1-3].Wefoundthateachofhumidity,oxygen,andambientairhasdifferenteffectson theperformanceof theHTM.Theobservedeffectsaredirectlycorrelatedwithcontrollable morphological features that were discovered using atomic force microscopyandscanningelectronmicroscopy.Furthermore,weengineeredtheinterfacebetweentheHTMand themethylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite using ultrathin layers ofdissociated methylammonium [4]. The perovskite surface modification resulted in anefficientinterfacialenergyleveltuning,enhancedsolarcelldeviceperformanceandbetterreproducibility.

MagneticandthermalpropertiesofasemiconductorquantumdotwithRashbaspin–orbitparameterandappliedexternalfields.

Amal Aldarawsheh, Mohammad Elsaid*, Ayham Shaer .Physics Department, Faculty ofScience,An-NajahNationalUniversity,Nablus,WestBank,Palestine

In this paperwe investigate the effects of external tilted electric field,magnetic field, andRashba spin – orbit coupling on the magnetic and thermal properties of donor impurityconfined in parabolic gallium arsenide (GaAs) quantum dot (QD). Exact diagonalizationmethodisusedtosolvetheQDHamiltonianandobtaintheeigen-energiesandthebindingenergyofthedonorimpurityasafunctionofvariousQDphysicalparameters:magneticandelectric fields, confining frequency, tilt angle, temperature and the Rashba interactionparameterwhichisakeyparameterintheupgrowingfieldofspintronics.Wehavestudiedthe variation of the average statistical energy of the QD by changing the electric field,magnetic field, and the RSO coupling parameter, hence their effect on themagnetization,magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity. Our results show that the aforementionedparameterscantunethemagneticpropertiesof theGaAsquantumdotandflip thesignofmagneticsusceptibilityfromnegative(diamagnetic)topositive(paramagnetic)typematerial.Moreover,thoseparametershavesignificanteffectontheheatcapacityoftheQD.

Heat assisted structural evolutions and related optical transitionsinYbnanosandwichedCuSefilmsOlfatA.Omareya,A. F.Qasrawi. 1DepartmentofPhysics,ArabAmericanUniversity, Jenin,PalestineInthiswork,wehaveexploredthetemperaturedependentstructuralandopticalpropertiesof Cu2Se thin films that arenanosandwichedwith50nm thick ytterbiumnanolayer (CYC)whicharethermallyevaporated invacuummedial.TheX-raydiffractionmonitoringofthefilmsduringtheheatingprocessinthetemperaturerangeof293-473KhasshownthattheCYCfilmswhichcontainbothofthecubicandorthorhombicphasesinitsstructureexhibitslattice expansion that increases the grain size and decreases the defect density, stackingfaultsandmicrostrainby12.5%andby28.9%,12.8%and11.3%,respectively.TheCYCfilmsshow enhanced permanent crystallinity presented by high degree of orientation withreductionoftheweightoftheorthorhombicphaseaftercooling.Ontheotherhand,aredshift in theenergybandgapvalue isobservedduringtheheatingprocess.Theanalysisofthetemperaturedependentopticalpropertieshasshownagoodcorrelationbetweenthelatticeexpansionandenergybandgapnarrowing.TheenhancedcrystallinityofCu2Sefilmsby the heating process make them more suitable for thermoelectric and optoelectronicapplications.Keyword:Cu2Se;phasetransformation;orthorhombic;thermalexpansion;optical.

Nanoparticlesandtheirapplicationsinhealthandmodernmedicine(Nanomedicine)

Mohammad M. Abu-Samreh. Faculty of Sciences, Physics Department, Arab AmericanUniversity,Jenin,WestBank

Nanoparticles arematerialswithoverall dimensions in thenanoscale, i.e., under 100nm.Nanoparticleshavemademajor contributions to clinicalmedicine in the areasofmedicalimaging and drug/gene delivery. Indeed, there are some instances where nanoparticlesenable analyses and therapies that simply cannot be performed otherwise. However,nanoparticles also bring with them unique environmental and societal challenges,particularly in regard to toxicity. While several innovations such as iron oxide contrastagents andmany drug delivery systems are by nowwell-established, newer technologiescontinue to emerge following the same basic concepts of design. As these innovationsadvance to clinical application, attention must be paid to environmental and societalimplications, particularly in areas such asquantumdots. This article aims tohighlight themajor contributions of nanoparticles tomodernmedicine especiallymedical imaging andalsodiscussenvironmentalandsocietalaspectsoftheiruse.

Keywords:nanoparticles,contrastagents,drugdelivery,tumors,quantumdots,toxicity

Silvernanoparticles:controlledsynthesisandapplication

JamilK.Salem.DepartmentofChemistry,Al-AzharUniversity,Gaza,Palestine

Inthisresearch,wepresentcontrolledsyntheticmethodtosynthesissilvernanostructureshavingdifferentshapessuchasspherical,prismandhexagonal.Themethodisbasedonthereduction of silver ions by sodium borohydride and ascorbic acid using tween-20 andtrisodium citrate as stabilizers. Ag-MgO nanostructure has been synthesized and itsantibacterialactivityhasbeen investigated. Silvernanoparticleshasbeenusedassensingprobe for determination of critical micelle concentrations of anionic surfactants. Someanalytshasbeendetectedanddeterminedbysilvernanoparticles.

EnhancementofReactiveRed198dyephotocatalyticdegradationusingphysicalmixturesofZnO-graphenenanocompositeandTiO2nanoparticles:anoptimizedstudybyresponsesurfacemethodologySamerAbuzerr1,2,MaherDarwish2,AliMohammadi2,SaraSadatHosseini2,AmirHosseinMahvi2.1PalestinianMinistryofHealth,UnitofQualityImprovementandInfectionControl,Gaza Strip; 2Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health,InternationalCampus,TehranUniversityofMedicalSciences.

The photo catalytic activity of ZnO-graphene (ZnO-G) nanocomposite and TiO2nanoparticles physical mixtures for the enhanced degradation of reactive red dye 198(RR198)underUVClightwasevaluatedandestablished.Thephotocatalyticresultsrevealedthat the RR198 was degraded at around 34.4% and 37.7% after 180 min of irradiation,respectively, in the presence of ZnO-G nanocomposite and TiO2 nanoparticles, solely.Interestingly, physical mixtures of both catalysts induced an enhanced catalytic activitycomparingtothebareones.Theidealmixingratiowasfoundtobe66:34wt%(ZnO-G:TiO2)with71.8%degradationperformanceafter180minofirradiation.Moreover,theresponsesurfacemethodologyusingthebestmixturewasemployedtooptimizeanddeterminetheinteraction effects between three independent operational parameters which are photocatalyst dosage (0.4 – 0.025mg), initial pH (3–11), and initial dye concentration (5 – 15mg/L).Basedontheresultsobtained,itwasfoundthatamaximumpredicteddegradationefficiencyofRR198reached99%wasinagreementwiththeaverageofthreeexperimentalvalues (96%)under the followingoptimalconditions:0.4gmixturedose, initialpHof3.8,and 5 mg/L initial dye concentration. This convergence between the predicted andexperimental results indicates the validity of the model for predicting the maximumpercentage degradation of RR198 under the above-mentioned optimum conditions. TheANOVAresultindicatedthatthemodelissignificantwiththePvalueof8.683×10–10islessthan0.0001,whichimpliesthatthemodeltermsarehighlysignificant.Regressionanalysiswith an R2 value of 0.986 indicated a satisfactory correlation between the experimentaldata and predicted values. Additionally, non-toxic metabolites with respect to DaphniaMagnaandhightotalorganiccarbonreductionaftertreatmentwiththemixtureevidencedthat this process can significantly decrease toxicity and mineralize the dye. Finally, theuniversal degradation ability of the photo catalysts mixture was evaluated and proventowardsmanymodelsubstrates.Keywords: ZnO-graphene; TiO2 ; Physicalmixture; Photo catalytic degradation; Responsesurfacemethodology;Reactivered198PerovskitesolarcellsfreeofholetransportlayerJ.Asad,S.K.K.Shaat,H.Musleh,N.Shurrab,A.Issa,AbelilahLahmar,A.AlKahlout,N.AlDahoudiThis work covers the fundamental science, synthesis, characterization, properties andapplicationsofTiO2Nps.Herein,easyandsimplestructuredperovskitesolarcells(PSCs)aredesignedandcharacterized.OureffortwastoreducethecostofthefabricationofsuchPSCdevices,firstbyusinganinexpensivestartingprecursor(aqueousmethylaminesolution)fortheperovskitematerialsandsecondbydesigninaPSCstructurefreeoftheexpensiveholetransportlayer(HTL).TheCH3NH3PbI3perovskitesolsweredepositedontoaconductiveFTOglass using the spin coating technique followed by heating at 100 °C for 10 min. Thestructure of the films was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and their optical

propertiesbyUV–VISspectrophotometryandphotoluminescence(PL).Theobtainedphaseconfirmedthe formationofa tetragonalperovskitestructure.Twodifferentsolventshavebeen used, dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The effect of thetypeandtheconcentrationoftheusedsolventDMFandDMSOontheperformanceofthesolarcellshavebeeninvestigated.Itwasfoundthata40%concentrationoftheperovskitematerial resulted in the optimum film thickness that gives the best photoelectricperformance.TheDMF-basedPSCassembledsolarcellexhibitedthebestperformancewithanopencircuitvoltageof750mV,aphotocurrentdensityof12.5mA/cm2,andanoverallphotontoelectricconversionefficiencyof5.7%;all theseresultsarehigher thanthoseofcellsmadewithDMSO.

ManganeseOxidesThinFilmsforSupercapacitorsApplications

J.Asad,W.Rajab,S..Shaat,N.Dahoudi,A.Kahlout

Mn3O4Sol-gelelectrodeshavebeenmadeusing1.0Mmethanolicsolutionofmanganeseacetate dihydrate (Mn(CH3COO)2 via spin coating technique on FTO followed by heattreatment atdifferent temperatures:200,250and300oC.The thermalpropertiesof thexerogelwerestudiedusingthermogravityanalysis(TGA)techniquewhichrevealedthatnochangesareexpectedattemperatureshigherthan300oC.Thestructuralandmorphologicalproperties have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infraredspectrum (FTIR) Scanning electron Microscope (SEM) and High resolution transmissionelectron microscope (HRTEM), which revealed that films have a Mn3O4 tetragonalHausmannite structure with particle size ranges from 35-65nm.The obtained FTIR resultsconfirmed the existence of the same phase coincided with the XRD results The opticalpropertieshavebeenstudiedusingUV-VISandPhoto-luminescence(PL)spectroscopy.Theobtained PL emission illustrated two broad bands.. The electrochemical performance ofMn3O4electrodesannealedatdifferenttemperatureswereexaminedbycyclicvoltammetry(CV)inthreeelectrodecelland1MNa2SO4electrolytesolutionatascanrateof100mV/s.The electrochemical properties are found to be influenced by the electrode annealingtemperature. A decrease in specific capacitance was found for electrode heated attemperaturegreaterthan250°C.Thehighestobtainedvalueofspecificcapacitances283Fg-1), which is achieved by heating the electrode at temperature of 250 oC. Higher specificcapacitancevalueswereobtainedbydecreasingscanratetoreachthehighestvalueof230Fg-1atscanrateof10mV/s.Sol-gelMn3O4filmareapromisingcandidatetobeusedasanelectrodematerialforsupercapacitors.

Keywords:Supercapacitors,Mn3O4,Sol-gel,Heatingtemperature,Electrochemicalperformance,Cyclicvoltammetry,Specificcapacitance.

SimulationofsolarcellstructuremodelsbasedonNanoparticlesKhouludKh.Abushaar,MohammedM.Shabat,andSalahA.Nassar.DepartmentofPhysics,IslamicUniversityofGaza,P.O.Box108,GazaStrip,PalestineSolar energy is considered rapidly to be through solar cells or photovoltaic energyconversion is themostalternative candidate for sustainableenergyproductionmeets thedemand need of theworld. Solar cells give the promise for a cost-effective, green, safe,renewable and cleanenergy converting the sunlight directly into electrical power.Metalsnanoparticles (NPs) such as silver (Ag), gold (Au), aluminum (AL) are promising materialcandidates with useful interesting properties as localized surface Plasmons which aregeneratedthroughtheinteractionoflightwiththesenanoparticles.Nanoparticles(NPs)caneasilyincreasethepathlengthoflightandthenincreasingtheefficiencyofthesolarcells.Inthiswork,variousmultilayerswaveguidestructurecontainingNanoparticlesareproposedtoenhancetheabsorptionofsolarlight.Theproposedwaveguidestructuresareexaminedin terms of absorption and transmission of light for various physical properties of thestructures. High efficiency has been achieved by optimizing the Nanoparticles layer bytuningthefractionofNanoparticlesonthehostlayer.The proposed waveguide structures could be very excellent candidates for future solarenergytechnology.Keywords:Thin-filmsolarcell,metalnanoparticles,FDTD,absorption,Reflection.

Antimicrobial & Anticancer Activities of synthesized Green Metal Nanoparticles UsingMineralswasteRecyclingBygreenmethod’s

Salah ElSadi1,Mahmoud ElHindi2, Reem Jaber2. 1Water& Environment Studies, Al AzharUniversity,Palestine,2Biotechnology,IslamicUniversityofGaza,PalestineIn thispaper,anextensivestudywasconductedontherecyclingofmineralwasteand itstransformationintonanoparticlessuchasgold,silver,ironandleadwithouttheuseofanychemicaladditives.Theeffectofthesenanoparticlesonanumberofdifficultmicrobesthatare resistant to antibiotics and The results were distinctive by demonstrating the strongeffectofGreennanoparticlesinkillingthesemicrobeswiththeleastconcentrationsandasquickly as possible. The second part of the study was tested directly on the samples ofnanoparticlesonbreastcancercellsandachieveddistinctiveresultsinreducingtheimpactofcancercellsby70percent.

ContinuousflowphotodegradationofoliveZebarcontaminantswithsimulatedsolarlightusingsupportedZnOnanoparticlesIbrahim Nassar1, Hikmat S. Hilal1, Ahed H. Zyoud1. 1SSERL, Department of Chemistry, An-NajahN.University,Palestine

Photocatalysis and adsorption are of the modern methods for water purification frombiological and chemical pollutants. Photocatalysis is based on the presence of a catalyst(Zinc oxide) that absorbs ultraviolet radiation to destroy the contaminant substances(phenolic compounds). The continuous flow system is designed to allow Zebar water(contaminatedwithphenols)toruncontinuouslyoverthecatalyticsurfacewhileexposedtosimulatedsolar light.There isanentranceconnectedtotheglasscontainer,onwhichthecatalyst is installed. On the other hand, there is an outlet for the treated water to becollected inanother container for thenecessary tests. Zincoxide, supportedontonaturalclayparticles,wasalsoinstalledontheglass.Zebarwaterwaspassedoverthecatalystfilmundersimulatedsolarlightforphotodegradationpurposes.Effectsofdifferentparametersonphotocatalyticprocesswerestudied includingZebardilution, timeduration,andpH. InthecaseofZnO/glasscatalyst,40.8%oforganiccontaminantsdisappearedin30h,whileinthe case of ZnO/clay/glass 42.5% of organic contaminants disappeared. The supportedcatalyst was reused for several times. It showed no significant efficiency lowering aftermultipleuses.Keywords:Photodegradation;Zebar;Watertreatment,Olivewaste

Construction and physical properties of engineered connective tissue Enriched withmodifiedcarbonnanotubes

Naim Kittanaa, Mohyeddin Assalib, Susanne Lutzc,d. aDepartment of Biomedical Sciences,Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.bDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah NationalUniversity,Nablus,Palestine.CInstituteofPharmacologyandToxicology,UniversityMedicalCenterGöttingen,Germany.DDZHK,partnersiteGöttingen,Germany.

Chronic wounds and extensive burns aremajor health problems worldwide. The currentpharmacological and surgical treatmentoptionshavemany limitations, andnormally takeseveralweeksormonthstoachievewoundclosure.Theaimoftheprojectwastogenerateengineeredconnectivetissuethatcouldfunctionasadermaltissuesubstitute.Engineeredconnectivetissues(ECT)intheformofringsweregeneratedcomposedofcollagen,humanforeskin fibroblasts (HFF) and different ratios of multiwall carbon nanotubes conjugatedwith either chitosan (C-MWCNT) or tetraethylyene glycol (T-MWCNT). The rings weresubjected to rheological andmicroscopical investigations. The ECT formed successfully inthepresenceofthemodifiedMWCNT.Attheconcentrations0.025and0.05%ofT-MWCNTtherewasanincreaseinthestiffnessoftheECTasshownbytheYoung'smoduledata.Thiswas associated with an increase in the formation of stress fiber as shown by the

fluorescenceimaging. Inaddition,therewasareductioninthebreakingstress,yieldpointstress and yield point strain. On the other hand with 0.1% T-MWCNT the ECTs becamestifferasdemonstratedbyhigherYoung'smodule.Moreover,the0.1%T-MWCNTincreasedthetensilestrengthandtheductilityoftheECTasdemonstratedbythehighermagnitudeofthemaximumstressandbreakingstrain respectively.Similar resultswereobserved forC-MWCNT,withtheexceptionthatcouldincreasethebreakingstress.Inconclusion,MWCNTcanimprovethephysicalpropertiesoftheECT.

ApplicationofNanotechnologyinCancertherapy:AResearchCaseinPalestineMohyeddinAssali.DepartmentofPharmacy,AnNajahNationalUniversity-Nablus–Palestine.Cancerhasincreasedinthelastyears,andisbecomingamajorpublichealthprobleminPalestineandmanyotherpartsintheworld.Accordingtothehealthannualreport2013ofthePalestinianMinistryofHealth(MOH),cancerisconsideredthethirdleadingcauseofdeathinthePalestiniansocietyaftercardiovascularandcerebrovasculardiseases(representing11%oftotaldeaths).Itisimportanttonotethattensofmilliondollarsisspentannuallyonthetreatmentofcancercaseslocallyandabroad.However,theexistinganticancerdrugshavemanywithdrawssuchastheserioussideeffectsandtheraisedresistanceofthetraditionalchemotherapy.Therefore,thereisahugedemandtodevelopanewstrategytofightthislethaldisease.Oneofthepromisingapproachesisthetargetednano-medicinetofightcancer.Nanomedicinehasshownobviousbenefitsincomparisontothetraditionalchemotherapysuchasincreasethetargetingefficacy,enhancedpermeabilityandretention,improvedthehalflivesandconsequentlydecreasesthesideeffects.

Controlling the Motion and Stopping of Ferrofluid Droplets Using Surface TensionGradientsandUniformMagneticFieldsKhalidF.Eid1,2,MohanPanth2,TylerOdy2,MojtabaEdalatpour2,3,AndrewSommers31DepartmentofPhysics,BirzeitUniversity,Birzeit,Palestine2DepartmentofPhysics,MiamiUniversity,Oxford,Ohio45056,USA3MechanicalandManufacturingEngineering,MiamiUniversity,Oxford,Ohio45056,USAWewillpresentourworkoncontrollingthemotionandstoppingofindividualwater-basedferrofluiddropletsduetoawedge-shapedsurfacetensiongradientandauniformmagneticfield.iUniformDCmagneticfieldsappliedparalleltothesurfacetensiongradientdirectionallowthedropletstospreadfreelyinthedirectionofthegradientregardlessofthestrengthof the field. However, weaker uniform magnetic fields are enough to pin a droplet andprevent it fromspreadingdownthesurfacetensiongradientdirectionwhenthemagneticfield isappliedperpendiculartothegradient.Thiscombinedeffectcanbethoughtofasa

‘valve’thatcanbeusedtocontroltheflowandstoppingofindividualferrofluiddropletsonhorizontalsurfaces…

Synthesis, characterization and optical properties of ZnO nanostructures: fromnanoparticlestonanorods

IshaqMusa.DepartmentofPhysics,PalestineTechnicalUniversity-Kadoorie,Tulkarm,P.O.Box7,Palestine.

ZnO nanorods of controlled lengthswere synthesized by chemical routemethodwithoutsurfacemodification.Themorphologyandstructureofthenanorodswerecharacterizedbytransmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. It wasobservedthattheZnOnanorodsarehexagonal-shapedwithdiametersintherangeof16-20nmand lengthupto150nmbasedongrowthtimereaction.Photoluminescence(PL)andUV–visible absorptionmeasurements havebeenperformed at room temperature. The PLspectrum showed that the relative intensity of ultraviolet (UV) and (defects) green banddependonthelengthofZnOnanorods.ThepeakofphotoluminescenceofUVbandaround395nm is stronglyenhancedwhen the lengthof ZnOnanorods is reducedand thegreenemissiondecreases.

Keywords: ZnO nanoparticles, ZnO nanorods, Raman spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy,Photoluminescencespectroscopy

Theoretical and experimental analysis of energy in charging a capacitor by step-wisepotential

SamiM. AL-Jaber and IyadSaaddin. Department of Physics, An-Najah National University,Nablus,Palestine.

Inthispaper,chargingcapacitorinRCcircuit,toafinalvoltage,𝑉!viaNsteps,isinvestigatedand analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. The obtained results show that theenergystoredinthecapacitoraconstantindependentofN,butthedissipatedenergyintheresistor and the consumed energy by the power supply decreases as number of stepsNincreases. The limit 𝑁 → ∞is examined and our result shows that the dissipated energyvanishestheoretically.Thislimitiscarriedoutexperimentallybyusingaramppotential.

Electrodeposited NiO Electrochromic Thin Films Prepared Using Low Depositionparameters

IyadSaadeddin*,MohammedSuleiman,HaneenSalman,andAlineRougier

In this work, Electrochromic and structural properties of NiO thin film prepared usingoptimized electrodeposition parameters were studied. The parameters optimized weredeposition current density, molar concentration of nickel nitrate solution, and depositedchargedensity.Thebestelectrochromicparameterswasobservedforfilmdepositedusingdepositionparametersof-0.05mA/cm2depositioncurrentdensity,0.02MofNi(NO3)2.6H2Osolution, and charge density of 80 mC/cm2. For this optimized film, the transmittancemodulationΔTwas76%,theefficiencyηwas19cm2/C,andchargereversibilityQc/Qawas98%.XRDdiagramfortheoptimizedNiOthinfilmrevealsthefilm'samorphousnature. Inaddition, SEM image confirmed the film amorphous structure in addition to it's highporosity.

Posters

EnhancementofElectricalPerformanceofMoO3FilmsviaIndiumNanoSandwiching

MasaJamalDaraghmeh,Dr.MuayadAbuSaa,Dr.HazemKhanfar.1DepartmentofPhysics,ArabAmericanUniversity,Jenin,Palestine

InthisthesistheimpactoftheIndiumnanolayersonthecharacteristicsofMoO3thinfilmsare explored. Indiummetallic nano- layers of thicknesses of 50, 75, 100 and 200 nm aresandwiched between two 500 nm thickMoO3 thin films.The X-ray diffraction techniqueisused to find out the structural properties of the MoO3 and MoO3/In/MoO3 layers. Inaccordancewith this technique, MoO3exhibit crystalline form called orthorhombicstructureα-MoO3 phase. The indium induced formation of crystalline phase when itsthickness exceeds 50 nm.In addition, the impact of the indium thickness on theelectricalperformance of the films was searched in a wide range of temperature.It wasobserved that the dielectrical conductivity is highly sensitive to temperature and indiumthickness.Electricallyalmostnodifferencewasobservedbetweenthehallbarandvanderpauw type samples. Both conduct by thermionic emission revealing an activation energythatbecomedeeperwithincreasedindiumthickness.Furthermore,theroomtemperaturefrequency dependentimpedance, conductance and capacitanceweremeasured in thefrequency range of 10-1800 MHz. Remarkable shift in the frequency value of maximumconductancewas observedupon indium layer enhancement. The theoretical analysis andcomputersimulationsthattargetedtheexplorationofthephysicsofresonancephenomenawhich is accompanied with by negative capacitance phenomena have shown that, theAu/MoO3/Cdevice isoftunnelingdiodetype inwhichthecurrentconductioncovertfromtunnelingtocorrelatedbarrierhopingat300MHz.This typeofstudy isexpectedtoopenthe doors for efficiently utilize the MoO3 films in optoelectronic technology with lessresistanceandbestoptoelectronicachievement.

The Electronic Structure and Heat Capacity of the Donor Impurity Confined in a GaAsParabolicQuantumDot

Asmaa YASEEN, Mohammad K. ELSAID*, Musa ELHASAN. Physics Department, Faculty ofScience,An-NajahNationalUniversity,Nablus,WestBank,Palestine

TheeffectsofmagneticandelectricfieldsonthedonorimpuritystatesconfinedinaGaAstwodimensional (2D)parabolicquantumdothavebeenstudied.The impurityenergyandbindingenergyofthegroundstateandsomelow-lyingexcitedstateswerecalculated.TheHamiltonian was solved using shifted 1/N expansion method within the effective massapproximation. The results had been displayed as a function of physical parameters:confinement strength 𝜔! , magnetic field strength 𝜔! , and electric field strength 𝐹 .Moreover, thedependenceoftheheatcapacity𝐶!ofthedonor impurityontemperature𝑇,confinementstrength𝜔!,magneticfieldstrength𝜔!,andelectricfieldstrength𝐹wereinvestigated.

RecyclingCdSe-BasedThinFilmSolarCells

SohaibAbuAlrob,HikmatHilal,AhedZyoud

Solarcellsconsideredasanimportantsourceforrenewableenergy,thinfilmSemiconductorelectrodesarebeingassessedasalternativetoconventionalmonocrystallinesemiconductorelectrodes. Due to many reasons, thin films demand less starting materials, lowerprocessingcostandlesspollutioncomparedtomonocrystallinesemiconductorelectrodes.Although,cadmiumandseleniumcausemanyharmfuleffects,suchmaterialsarestillwidelystudied in solar cells andother applications. In thiswork, CdSe thin filmbased solar cellsrecycled into preparation new solar cells. The recyciled CdSe was prepared byelectrochemicaldeposition (ED) technique, thechemicalbathdeposition technique (CBD),and combination of electrochemical deposition followed by chemical bath deposition(EC/CBD). The newly recycled CdSe solar cells have comparable efficiencies like freshlyprepared ones. The recycling processwill have environmental and economic value in thefuture by preventing contamination of the environmentwith these hazardous pollutants.Theeffectofannealingtemperatureandcoolingratewasstudied;the150oCwasthebestannealingtemperature.

Combined effects of Rashba term and topological defect on thermal and magneticpropertiesofGaAsQuantumdot

Nouf Ibrahim1 , Muayad Abu Saa1, Mohammad Elsaid2,*, Ayham Shaer2. 1) PhysicsDepartment, Faculty of Science, Arab American University - Jenin (AAUJ). West Bank,Palestine.2)PhysicsDepartment,FacultyofScience,An-NajahNationalUniversity,Nablus,WestBank,Palestine.

In this work, we study the dependence of the energy level spectra of a single electronquantumdotonthestrengthofthemagneticfieldandRashbaspinorbitinteractionterminaddition to the topological defect. Furthermore, the average statistical energy of thequantumdotsystemiscalculated,asessentialstep,toinvestigatetheeffectofRashbaandtopologicalparametersonthemagneticandthermalpropertiesofthequantumdotsystem.

Optimisation Of Refractive Index Of Selenium By Fresnel's Equations And SwanepoelTechnique

Sarah H Najar, Anan Hussein, A.F,Qasrawi. Department of physics, Arab-AmericanUniversity,Jenin,Palestine.

Selenium film was deposited on a transparent glass substrate using physical vapourdeposition(PVD)technique.TheopticalcharacterizationofthinSefilmwasstudiedbytwotechniques,oneofthem,theanalysisoftransmissionspectrameasuredatnormalincidencein the spectral range (190-1100) nm. The envelope method, proposed by swanepoel iscommonly used method for studying optical properties of films with uniform and non-uniformthickness.(therefractiveindexn,thedielectricconstantɛs,thethickness(d)arecalculatedandfoundtobe2.525,6.375and1.214µmrespectively.theothertechniqueisused is Fresnel’s equations the refractive index n and the dielectric constant ɛs , arecalculatedandfoundtobe2.384,6.406respectively

Keywords: film,optical transmittance,dielectric constant, Swanepoel’smethod, refractiveindex,thickness.

OpticalandTemperaturedependencecharacteristicoftheIn-MgstackedfilmsShathaN.AbuAlrub,A.F.Qasrawi.DepartmentofPhysics,ArabAmericanUniversity,Jenin,PalestineIn the current work, an indium and magnesium thin films of thickness of 100 nm wasdepositedontoglasssubstratesandcharacterizedbymeansofX-raydiffractionand UV-visiblelightspectrophotometry.Theindiumfilmsareobservedtobehighlytransitivewithtetragonal type of structure. The temperature dependent X-ray diffraction analysiswhichwerecarriedout inthetemperaturerangeof303-403K,hasshownastabilizedgrainsizeandstrains for temperaturesgreater than360K. Ontheotherhand, theMg filmsareofamorphous nature and highly reflective compared to those of indium. The temperatureshow no effect on the crystalline nature of Mg. When the Mg coated In films were re-characterized.Aninverseprocessofgraingrowwasobserved.Thesevariationswhichwereassociated with high reflectively were assigned to the recrystallization and recoveryprocessesinthefilm.

Keywords:Indium;Magnesium;alloy;X-ray;stackingfaults;grainsize

EffectofAu/GesubstrateonthestructuralandelectricalpropertiesofGaSefilm

MaisamM.A. Abdullah, A. F.Qasrawi. Department of Physics, ArabAmericanUniversity,Jenin,Palestine

In this work, the effect of glass/Ge and Au/Ge substrate on the structural and electricalproperties of the GaSe thin films is investigated by means of X-ray diffraction andimpedance spectroscopy techniques, respectively. While the glass/Ge, glass/GaSe andglass/Ge/GaSe are observed to exhibit amorphous nature of structure, the Au/Ge, andAu/Ge/GaSe are of polycrystalline nature. In addition, the impedance spectroscopymeasurements have shown that with the increasing frequency, the Au/Ge/GaSe/Ybinterface exhibit increasing trend of variation in the resistance causing high impedancemode associated with negative capacitance values below 1300 MHz. The effect iscompletely reversed in the higher range of frequency. These features of the Ge/GaSeinterface nominate it as microwave cavities and as voltage amplifiers in low powernanoscaledevices.

Keywords:Au/Gesubstrate,Ge/GaSeinterface,structuralproperties,voltageamplifier.

IdentificationofthestructuralphasesinTlInS2dopedwithSeleniumAreenHamarsheh,A.F.Qasrawi.Dep.ofphysics,ArabAmericanUniversity,PalestineRecently,TlInS2crystalsareobservedtoexhibitFaradayEffectinwhichaninteractionbetweenlightandmagneticfieldtakeplaceat633nm.Asitpresentsanefficientmagnetoopticmaterial,wehereinthiswork,reporttheX-rayanalysisoftheTlInS2crystalsdopedwithselenium.Itisobservedthatthecrystalstructureofthismaterialcomprisestwostructuralphasesnamedmonoclinicandtetragonal.Thelatticeparameters,microstrain,dislocationdensity,stackingfaultsandcrystallitesizesaredeterminedbymeansofmodifiedScherrerequationsandwiththehelpof“TREOR92”softwarepackage.Itisobservedthat,thecrystallitesbuiltformtetragonalcellsarelargerinsizethanthosebuiltfrommonoclinic.Inaddition,allthemechanicalparametersareaccordinglyattenuatedinaccordancewiththecelltype.TheworkispromisingasitopenthedoorsforusingtheTlInS3crystalsinapplicationswherehighlystrainedstructuresarerequired.

EmploymentofWKBapproximationforinvestigationoftheeffectsslowlyvaryingenergybarriersonthetunnelingcurrentofnanostructureddevices

AlaaAbuAlrub1,A.Ziqan1,H.Khanfar2,A.F.Qasrawi3. 1DepartmentofMathematics,ArabAmerican University, Jenin, Palestine, 2Department of Physics,Arab American University,Jenin,Palestine,3DepartmentofTelecommunicationEngineering,ArabAmericanUniversity,Jenin,Palestine

In this study,wehaveemployed theWentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB)approximation forexploring the effect of slowly varying energy barriers (𝜑)which usually exists in thin filmdevices at the nano level. Current conduction mechanism which is dominated by thequantum mechanical tunneling of charge carriers through irregularly shaped potentialbarriers are simulated assuming variousmathematical potentials. These potentials whichare experimentally observed to exist between grains at the grain boundaries of thin filmdevices exhibit deferent characteristics that depends on the barrier width (𝑥), effectivemass,barrierheightandappliedpotential.Itisobservedthatforpotentialbarrierswhichare partially linear and mostly nonlinearly narrowing (𝜑 ∝ (𝐴𝑥 − 𝐵𝑥!!)), the lower theappliedelectricfieldthemoredominantthetunnelingcurrent .Thisproperty indicatethepossibly of using such nanostructured devices for establishing negative capacitance andnegativeresistanceeffectwhicharenecessaryforCMOSlikedevices.

Keywords:SlowlyVaryingFunction,computersimulation,Tunnelingdevice.

ZnSe/MoO3heterojunctionandtheircharacterization

Hadeel.M.Zyoud, A.F.Qasrawi. Department of physics, Arab American University, jenin,Palestine

InthisworkthestructuralandopticalpropertiesofZnSe/MoO3thinfilmareinvestigatedbymeansofX-raydiffractionandUVspectrophotometerintheincidentWavelengthrangeof300-1100nm.WhiletheZnSesubstrateisobservedtoexhibitpolycrystallinenatureandtheMoO3exhibitamorphousnature,thedoublejunctiondoesn’talterthestructuralproperties.Ontheotherhandtheanalysisoftheopticaltransmissionandrefleclectanespectraalloweddeterminingtheenergybandgapsaswellastheenergybandoffsets.Whiletheconductionbandexhibitedanoffsetvalueof0.1eV,thevalencebandexhibitedavalueof0.8eV.Inthelight of these parameters, the energy band diagram designed and presented. The banddiagramdisplayedfeaturesthatallowthequantumconfinementwhichissetasareasonfortheobservedenhancementinabsorptionratio.

Keywords:Quantumconfinement,x-ray,MoO3.

InvestigationoftheelectricalpropertiesofIndiumSulfideWala Sameer Ghannam, A. F. Qasrawi. Department of Physics, Arab AmericanUniversity,Jenin,Palestine

Inthiswork,theelectricalproperties,ofIndiumSulfideareinvestigated.Thecrystalsaresubjectedtoimpedancespectroscopyanalysisinthefrequencydomainof10–1800MHz.TheCapacitancevoltage–characteristicsarealsostudied inthe lowfrequencydomaintoconstructtheAg/InS/Agschottkydeviceproperties.Inthelightofthesemeasurementitispossibletonominatethecrystalsasoptoelectronicdevices.

Temperature-DependentCrystallizationofCuSeNanosandwichedwithAuLara Samen, A. F. Qasrawi. Department of Physics, Arab American University, Jenin,Palestine

Inthisthesis,wehavediscussedthetemperatureassistedcrystallizationprocessincopperselenide thin films that are nanosandwichedwith 25 nm thick Au layers. The CuSe filmswhicharepreparedbythethermalevaporationtechniqueundervacuumpressureof10⁻⁵mbar are subjected to heating process while X-ray is monitoring the structure. It wasobservedthatheatingthesamplesabove383kcausesimprovedpermanentcrystallizationof thehexagonal structureof the films.Thepermanentcrystallization ispresentedby thegrowthofthegrains,thereductionofmicrostrain,thedecreaseinthestackingfaultsanddecrease in defect density. Testing the sample after cooling confirmed the permanentcrystallizationprocess.

TheFabricationofMg2PbAlloy

Mayamen Abu-Alyayeb, A. F. Qasrawi. Department of Physics, Arab American University,Jenin,Palestine Inthisshorttermwork,wehaveconsideredthepossibilityoffabricatingMg2PballoysfromtheMgmetalsandPbnanopowder.TheMg2Pballoywhichwaspreparedthroughmeltingtherowmaterialsinavacuumchamberundervacuumpressureof10-5mbarwasinitiallymixed inamatter formore than twohours. The temperatureof themeltwaskeptnear600ºC for few minutes. The x-ray diffraction on the resulting alloy have shown theformationofcubicphaseofMg2Pbbeingbestoriented in the (111)direction.The latticeconstantfortheconstructedalloywas6.0Ǻ.Theworkalsoincludedthepowerdiffractiondata for the designed material with the most intensive reflection. In addition , themechanicalpropertiesofthealloyarealsocalculatedandreportedZincoxidemicro-wiresforopticalandchemicalsensing

KhattabAbuRub,KhalidF.Eid,DepartmentofPhysics,BirzeitUniversity,Birzeit,PalestineAntimony-doped ZnO (ZnO:Sb) micro-wires demonstrate a rich behavior and offer thepotential for device applications. These micro-wires are affected by: changes intemperature, light, and the gas environment around thewire. For example, exposing thewires to light causes the resistance to drop significantly. The resistance then rises slowlywhen the light is turnedoff, so this effect is called ‘persistentphoto-conductance’.WhileZnOisawidebandgapsemiconductor,thephoto-conductanceinthesewiresismainlyduetotheoxygenadsorptionanddesorptionfromthesurfaceofthemicro-wires.So,changingthe micro-wire environment –through providing either a reducing or oxidizing gas- canaffectthedensityofadsorbedoxygenatomsonthewiresurface.Oxygenvacanciesaren-typedonorsintheseZnO:Sbwiresthatcausetheconductancetoriseatthesurfaceofthewire. This surface-sensitive conductivity can be the basis for an array of gas, light ortemperature sensors. We will present our studies on the growth and the electricconductanceofZnO:Sbmicrowires.In situ monitoring of the permanent crystallization, phase transformations and theassociatedopticalandelectricalenhancementsuponheatingofSethinfilmsHadeelD.Aloushi,A.F.Qasrawi.1DepartmentofPhysics,ArabAmericanUniversity, Jenin,PalestineInthiswork,theinsitustructuraltransformationsfromamorphoustopolycrystallineuponheating and the associated enhancements in the structural parameters of selenium thinfilmsarestudiedbymeansofX-raydiffractiontechnique.TheSethinfilmswhicharegrownonto ultrasonically cleaned glass substrate by the thermal evaporation technique undervacuum pressure of 10−5mbar exhibits structural transformation from amorphous topolycrystalline near 353K. The films completed the formation of the structure whichincludes both of the hexagonal and monoclinic phases at 363K. It is observed that thehexagonalphasedominatesoverthemonoclinicastemperatureisraised.Consistently,thethermallyassistedcrystallizationprocessisaccompaniedwithincreaseinthecrystallitesize,decrease in themicrostrain,decrease indefectdensityanddecrease in thepercentageofstacking faults. The scanning electron microscopy measurements also confirmed thecrystallinityofseleniumafterheating.Thetimedependentreputationsofthecrystallizationtest has shown that the achieved phase transitions and enhancements in structuralparametersarepermanentinselenium.Optically,thecrystallizationprocessisobservedtobeassociatedwith redshift in theabsorptionspectraand in thevalueof theenergybandgap.Electrically,theinsitumonitoringoftheelectricalconductivityduringtheheatingcyclehasshownthattheelectricalconductivitystabilizesandexhibitadecreaseintheacceptorlevelsfrom566to321meVafterthecrystallizationwasachieved.

Keyword: Selenium, Thermal assisted crystallization, Hexagonal, Conductivity, OpticalpropertiesSynthesis of Biocompatible Gold nanoparticles using cinnamon phytochemical as anti-cancertherapy:Experimentalstudy.

Al-Agha Hala, Radwan Samaher, Abed Mahmoud, Dr.Attalla Akram, Dr.Al-Shanti Amjad,Mrs.Al-tawilSanaa.UniversityOfPalestine

Canceristhesecondleadingcauseofdeathgloballyandwasestimatedtoaccountfor9.6milliondeathin2018(AccordingtoWHO).Toreducethesignificantdisability,sufferinganddeaths causedby cancerworldwide, effectiveandaffordableprograms inearlydiagnosis,screening, treatment, and palliative care are needed. Treatment options may includesurgery,medicinesand/orradiotherapy.Inourresearch,wetrytofindanewwaytotreatcancernaturally.Toxicchemicalsareutilized in severalof theprocesses forproductionofnanoparticles,either in the formof reducingagents to reducevariousmetal salts to theircorresponding nanoparticles, or as stabilizing agents to prevent agglomeration ofnanoparticles.Thesetoxicchemicalsarepowerfulreducingagentsthatarecurrentlyusedtoproduce gold and othermetallic nanoparticles. These reducing agents are highly toxic tolivingorganismsandtotheenvironment.ThepurposeofthestudywastostudytheeffectofCinnamon-Goldnanoparticlesoncancercells.

Graphene Oxide (GO) Sheets as Nano-carriers for Doxorubicin Encapsulated Nano-LiposomesenhancesthetherapeuticefficiencyoftheDrugDeliverySystemsAreej Idrees, Sawsan Abusharkh. Biophysics Research Laboratory, College of Science &Technology,Al-QudsUniversity,PalestineCancerisalife-threateningdiseasecontributingto~3.4milliondeathsworldwide.Therearevariouscausesofcancer,suchassmoking,radiation,familyhistory,environmentalfactors,andchance.InChemotherapy,Thesystemicadministrationofthefreedrugisconsideredtobe the main clinical failure in cancer treatment due to the limited drug concentrationreaches the tumor site. Most of the active pharmaceutical ingredients used inchemotherapy are highly cytotoxic to both cancer and normal cells. Accordingly,encapsulationofanti-cancerdrugswithintheliposomalsystemofferssecureplatformsforthetargeteddeliveryofanti-cancerdrugsforthetreatmentofcancer.This,inturn,canbehelpfulforreducingthecytotoxicsideeffectsofanti-cancerdrugsonnormalcells.This study aims mainly to demonstrate the great potential of graphene oxide (GO) andmembrane liposomes as nano-carriers in increasing the drug concentration in the tumorsitesandreducingthecytotoxicityofthedrugonnormalcells.Graphene-Oxide(GO)layers(200nmx200nm)havebeenusedasaplatformcarrierforourestablisheddrugdeliverysystems.Thisisdonethroughdesigningandpreparinganewdeliverysystemthatemploys

Doxorubicin Encapsulated Nano-Liposomes as drug carriers and graphene oxide (GO) asplatform carriers. These formulations are new approaches that improve the therapeuticefficacy in cancer treatment due to their high capacity of drug loading. Furthermore, thetwoestablisheddeliverysystemsenhancedlocatingseveralliposomesonthesurfaceoftheGOnano-sheets leading to a higher Concentration of the loaded anti-cancer drugs in thetumor sites. The following spectroscopic techniques have been employed: FTIRSpectroscopy, UV-Visible spectroscopy and Fluorescence spectroscopy to confirm thesuccessofsystemformulation,drugloading,bindingcapacityandanti-cancerdrugrelease.Keywords:Liposomes,Anti-cancerDrug,DrugDelivery,GrapheneOxide(GO),Doxorubicin.Doxorubicin Targeted Nano Liposomes as New Drug Delivery System for CancerTreatment:SpectroscopicStudyCindey Galindo, Sawsan Abusharkh. Biophysics Research Laboratory, College of Science &Technology,Al-QudsUniversityDoxorubicinisawidelyusedanticanceragent;itisemployedinthetreatmentofleukemia's,bladder,breast, stomach, lung,ovarianandthyroidcancer.Besidethedesirableeffects intreatment of hematological and solid tumors, its toxicity limits the use in therapy. UsingLiposomestoencapsulatedrugsavoidstheirdistributionthroughhealthytissuesandleadstothereleaseofthemedicationexactlyintheareaofthetumor,reducingconsiderablythetoxic effects. In this study, two Nano-liposomal Formulations have been established,followedbyencapsulationwiththeanti-cancerdrugDoxorubicin.Both,establisheddeliverysystems(DoxorubicinTargetedLiposomes)havebeencharacterizedusingFourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy(FTIR)toachieveadeepunderstandingofthemolecularmechanismof the interaction between the Nano liposomes from cell membranes and the deliveredDoxorubicin.Inaddition,UV-VisibleSpectroscopyhasbeenusedtocalculateencapsulationefficiencies of the doxorubicin inside both established nano vehicles. FluorescenceSpectroscopyallows the calculationof twobinding constants (KsvandKq),whichhave theabilitytodeterminebindingcapacityandthereleaseratesoftheanti-cancerdrug.DynamicsLight Scattering (DLS) has been employed to determine the size of our established nano-carriers, which are found about 100 nm in the presence of Doxorubicin. The two Nano-liposomalFormulationsdifferintheirlevelofsaturation;thisdifferenceinstructureleadstothefactthatthereleaseoftheDoxorubicindrugfrombothestablishednano-carriersshowsdifferent releasing rates.Hencewe could contributewith two stable formulations for thecancertreatmentbasedonthespeedofreleasing.Keywords:Nano-Carriers,Liposomes,Anti-cancerDrugs,Doxorubicin,DrugDelivery