mun world india agreement with trainers.docx

8/14/2019 MUN WORLD INDIA Agreement With Trainers.docx

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THAKUR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

MODEL UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE 2013

CONFERENCE HANDBOOK

1 Thakur College of Engineering & Technology


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CONFERENCE SCHEDULE

13th September, 2013 (Friday) DAY 1

Morning

8:30 am 9:30 am Venue Registrations Open and Lobbying Session

9:30 am 11:00 am Opening Ceremony

11:00 am 11:30 am Breakfast

11:30 am 1:00 pm Session 1

Afternoon

1:00 pm 2:00 pm Lunch

2:00 pm 4:30 pm Session 2

4:30 pm 4:45 pm Hi-Tea

Evening


14th September, 2013 (Saturday) DAY 2

Morning


9:00 am 12:00 noon Session 4

Afternoon

12:00 noon 1:00 pm Lunch


4:00 pm 4:15 pm Hi-Tea

Evening




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15th September, 2013 (Sunday) DAY 3

Morning


9:00 am 12:00 noon Session 7

Afternoon

12:00 noon 1:00 pm Lunch


Evening

4:00 pm 6:00 pm Closing Ceremony



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The United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, when the UN

Charter had been ratified by a majority of the original

51 Member States. The day is now celebrated each

year around the world as United Nations Day.

The purpose of the United Nations is to bring all

nations of the world together to work for peace and

development, based on the principles of justice,

human dignity and the well-being of all people. It

affords the opportunity for countries to balance global

interdependence and national interests when

addressing international problems.

There are currently 192 Members of the United Nations. They meet in the General

Assembly, which is the closest thing to a world parliament. The UN is central to global

efforts to solve problems that challenge humanity. Cooperating in this effort are more

than 30 affiliated organizations, known together as the UN system. Day in and day out,the UN and its family of organizations work to promote respect for human rights, while

also promoting gender equality and the advancement of women, protecting the

environment, fighting disease and reducing poverty. UN agencies define the standards

for safe and efficient air travel and help improve telecommunications and enhance

consumer protection. The United Nations leads the international campaigns against

drug trafficking and terrorism. Throughout the world, the UN and its agencies assist

refugees, set up programmes to clear landmines, help expand food production and lead

the fight against AIDS. In September 2000, Member States, represented at the highest

level including 147 Heads of State and Government expressed their collective

vision in the Millennium Declaration.

Introduction to United Nations

The UN emblem shows the world heldin the olive br nches of pe ce



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To facilitate the understanding of the functioning of the United Nations, Model United

Nations Conferences were introduced dating back to 1920s where students in the

United States of America were participating in collegiate simulations of the League of

Nations, the predecessor to the United Nations. However, the oldest continuous Model

United Nations Conference is said to be dated back in 1955 is the Harvard Model United

Nations Conference. Therefore, the practice of Model United Nations is now a very

effective technique to involve the students and the youth to amplify their knowledge

about various worldwide topics affecting the human race.

Model United Nations is an academic simulation of the of the United Nations that aimsto educate participants about current events, topics in international relations,

diplomacy and the United Nations agenda. Wherein, the participants role-play as

diplomats representing a nation or NGO in a simulated session of an organ (committee)

of the United Nations, such as the Security Council or the General Assembly. Participants

research a country, take on roles as diplomats, investigate international issues, debate,

deliberate, consult, and then develop solutions to world problems. During a conference,

participants must provide work for a variety of communication and critical thinkingskills in order to represent the policies of their country. These skills include public

speaking, group communication, research, policy analysis, active listening, negotiating,

conflict resolution, note taking, and technical writing.

Introduction to Model United Nations



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o Does your country belong to any intergovernmental organizationsoutside the UN system such as the North Atlantic Treaty

Organization (NATO) or the Organization of the Petroleum

Exporting Countries (OPEC)?

o Does your country belong to any regional organizations such as theEuropean Union (EU), the African Union (AU) or the Organization

of American States (OAS)?

o Does your country belong to any trade organizations oragreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement

(NAFTA) or the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and

Development (OECD)?

2. THE ISSUES TO BE DEBATED AT THE CONFERENCE;Next, you should develop an understanding of the issues that will be

debated at your Model UN conference. Many conferences send out

background materials or issue briefs, which can help jump start your

research. You may want to look at the sources cited in these materials

for more in-depth information. If the conference background materials

pose questions, you should answer them with your country information

in mind. Here are some additional questions to help guide your

research:

o What is the problem? How does it affect your country?o What has your country done to combat the problem?o What are the various sides in the debate?o Which aspects of the issue are most important to your country?o If your country is not involved with the issue, how can it become

involved?

o How will your country shape the debate at the conference?o What arguments will other countries make?o How do the positions of other countries affect your countrys

position?

o Is there evidence or statistics that might help to back up yourcountrys position?



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3. THE UNSYSTEM:Understanding the UN system will help you play your role realistically

at a Model UN conference. It is important to understand which bodies

and actors make up the UN system, what the UN can and cannot do, and

how international issues are addressed by the UN. Here are some

questions that will help get you started:

o What are the important elements of the UN Charter?o What are the main bodies of the UN?o How are the UNs bodies and agencies organized?o Which countries serve on the body or agency you are simulating?o How does the body or agency you are simulating operate?o What are the most recent UN actions on your issue?o Why did past UN actions succeed or fail?o What conferences and meetings have been held with regard to

your issue?

o What have UN officials said about your issue?II. POSITION PAPERS:

Writing a position paper might appear to be a daunting task, especially for new

delegates. But with enough research, you will find that writing a position paper

will be easy and useful.

Position papers are usually one to one-and-a-half pages in length. Your position

paper should include a brief introduction followed by a comprehensive

breakdown of your country's position on the topics that are being discussed by

the committee. A good position paper will not only provide facts but also make

proposals for resolutions.

Many conferences will ask for specific details in a position paper, so be sure to

include all the required information. Most conferences will provide delegates a

background guide to the issue. Usually, the background guide will contain

questions to consider. Make sure that your position paper answers these

questions.



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A good position paper will include:

o A brief introduction to your country and its history concerning the topicand committee;

o How the issue affects your country;o Your countrys policies with respect to the issue and your countrys

justification for these policies;

o Quotes from your countrys leaders about the issue;o Statistics to back up your countrys position on the issue;o Actions taken by your government with regard to the issue;o Conventions and resolutions that your country has signed or ratified;o UN actions that your country supported or opposed;o What your country believes should be done to address the issue;o What your country would like to accomplish in the committees

resolution; and

o How the positions of other countries affect your countrys position.III. PUBLIC SPEAKING:

Public speaking is one of the most important skills you will use as a Model UNdelegate. You will need to convey your member states positions, help build

consensus and formulate resolutions. Usually, the length of time a delegate is

allowed to speak is set by the conference organizers. Delegates can make amotion to increase or decrease the time allotted to each speaker. If another

delegate seconds the motion, then the committee will vote on changing thespeakers time.

You will have numerous opportunities to speak in your committee during aModel UN simulation. The Chair will maintain a speakers list of delegates who

would like to make formal speeches. During caucusing you will have an

opportunity to speak informally to delegates in your committee, but it is stillimportant to keep the principles of effective public speaking in mind.

Although speaking is an important part of any Model UN simulation, manydelegates fear speaking in front of a large group. The best way to cope with these

fears is to be well-prepared. You should research as much as possible about your

country and the issue the committee will be debating. You should be comfortableexplaining your country's position and have ideas on what you would like to

include in the committees resolution. If you come to the conference prepared,you will be eager to speak in committee and project confidence.



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IV. RULES OF PROCEDURE:Like real UN bodies, Model UN committees have lengthy agendas and many

delegates who want to convey their countrys positions. To help maintain order,

Model UN conferences adopt rules of procedure to establish when a delegatemay speak and what he or she may address. A few conferences adapt their rules

of procedure directly from the United Nations rules while most use variations of

the Roberts Rules of Order. At a Model UN conference, there is formal debate aswell as informal debate, called caucusing.

o FORMAL DEBATE:During formal debate, the staffs maintain a speakers list and delegatesspeak in the order they are listed. At this time, delegates have anopportunity to share their views with the entire committee. Delegates

make speeches, answer questions, and introduce and debate resolutionsand amendments. Formal debate is important to the committees work.By not knowing the rules of procedure, delegates slow down the debate

and hold back their committees progress.

o CAUCUSING/INFORMAL DEBATE:Caucusing, or informal debate, is an important part of the Model UNsimulation because it provides an opportunity for delegates to

collaborate, negotiate and formulate draft resolutions. During a Model UNconference, caucuses can be either moderated or unmoderated.

When a committee holds a moderated caucus, the Chair calls on

delegates one at a time and each speaker briefly addresses the committee.During an unmoderated caucus, the committee breaks for a temporaryrecess from formal proceedings so that delegates can work together in

small groups. To hold a caucus, a delegate must make a motion and thecommittee must pass the motion.

MODERATED CAUCUS:The purpose of a moderated caucus is to facilitate

substantive debate at critical junctures in the discussion. In a moderatedcaucus, the Director will temporarily depart from the Speakers' List and

call on delegates to speak at his/her discretion. A motion for a moderated

caucus is in order at any time when the floor is open, prior to closure ofdebate.

The delegate making the motion must briefly explain its purpose and

specify a time limit for the caucus, not to exceed twenty-five minutes, anda time limit for the individual speeches. Once raised, the motion will be

voted on immediately, with a simple majority of members required for

passage. In the case of multiple moderated caucuses, the Director will

rank the motions in descending order of length and the Committeemembers will vote accordingly.



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The Director may rule such a motion out of order and his/her decision is

not subject to appeal. No motions are in order between speeches during amoderated caucus. A delegate can and will be ruled out of order if thedelegate's speech does not address the topic of the moderated caucus. If

no delegate wishes to speak during a moderated caucus, the caucus shallimmediately end. A moderated caucus may be extended only twice butonly after the caucus has ended. A single moderated caucus may neverlast longer than fifty minutes.

UNMODERATED CAUCUS: A motion for an un-moderated caucus is inorder at any time when the floor is open, prior to closure of debate. The

delegate making the motion must briefly explain its purpose and specify atime limit for the caucus, not to exceed twenty minutes. The motion will

immediately be put to a vote. A majority of members present is required for

passage. A motion for extension of the un-moderated caucus, submitted in

writing and signed by a simple majority of members present, is in orderbefore the time has elapsed. An un-moderated caucus on the same purpose

shall not exceed thirty minutes. The Director may rule the motion or the

extension out of order, not subject to appeal.

Many delegates prefer to speak during a moderated caucus rather than

being placed on the speakers list. In a moderated caucus, speakers are

usually able to convey one or two key points to the entire committee orshare new ideas that have developed through the course of debate. A

delegate sometimes chooses to make a motion for a moderated caucus ifhis or her name is close to the end of the speakers list. By speaking in a

moderated caucus, delegates are able to address the committee muchearlier.

In most cases, more than half of committee time is used for unmoderated

caucusing. Many delegates feel this is the easiest way for them tocollaborate and start to formulate draft resolutions.

V. RULES REGARDING SPEECHES:

Speakers List:

The Committee will have an open Speakers List for the Topic Area being

discussed. The Director will either set a speaker's time or entertain motions to

set a speaking time. Separate Speakers Lists will be established as needed for

procedural motions and debate on amendments. A country may add its name to

the Speakers List by submitting a request in writing to the Director, provided

that country is not already on the Speakers List, and may remove its name from

the Speakers List by submitting a request in writing to the Director. At any time

the Director may call for members that wish to be added to the Speakers List.



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The names of the next several countries to speak may be posted for the

convenience of the Committee. The new Speakers List for the second topic area

will not be open until the Committee has proceeded to that topic. A motion to

close any Speakers List is never in order.

Time-Limit on Speeches:

The time allotted to each speaker during formal debate is limited. The minimum

time-limit will be fifteen seconds. At the beginning of a session, the time limit will

be set to ninety seconds. When a delegate exceeds his/her allotted time, the

Director may call the speaker to order without delay. The Director shall indicate

that the time is about to elapse, so the delegate can conclude his/her speech.

Yielding:

A delegate granted the right to speak on a substantive issue, may yield in one of

the following three ways at the conclusion of his/her speech: to another

delegate, or to questions.

YIELD TO ANOTHER DELEGATE:His/her remaining time will be offered to that

delegate. If the delegate accepts the yield, the Director shall recognize the

delegate for the remaining time, and he/she may not yield again in any form.

YIELD TO QUESTIONS:Questioners will be selected by the Director and limited

to one question each. Follow-up questions will be allowed only at the discretion

of the Director. The Director will have the right to call to order any delegate

whose question is, in the opinion of the Director, not designed to elicit

information. Only the speaker's answers to questions will be deducted from the

speaker's remaining time.

YIELD TO CHAIR:Delegate may yield his/her time to the Chair who will then

proceed to recognize the other Delegate on the Speakers List.

Only one yield is allowed per speech (i.e. no yields on yielded time). There are no

yields allowed if the delegate is speaking on a procedural matter or his/her time

has expired. A Delegate must declare any yield by the conclusion of his/her

speech.



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Right to Reply:

A delegate whose personal or national integrity has been impugned by another

delegate may submit a Right of Reply only in writing to the Committee staff. The

Director will grant the Right of Reply at his/her discretion; this decision is not

appealable. A delegate granted a Right of Reply will not address the Committee

except at the request of the Director. A Right of Reply to a Right of Reply is out of

order.

VI. BASICS RULES OF PROCEDURE:

Before proceeding to the basics Model UN rules of procedure a delegate must

effectively understand the Flow of Debate:

It is sometimes helpful to think of a Model UN conference as if it were a play in

which delegates are the actors and Secretariat members are the directors. The

storyline of a stage show is similar to what Model UNers call the flow of debate the order in which events proceed during a Model UN conference. The chartbelow shows the various stages of debate that take place during a Model UN

simulation. Being familiar with how the action will proceed, from the first sceneto the last, is an important way to prepare yourself for a Model UN conference.

Roll Call

The Chairperson will announce each countrys name. After delegates hear theircountry, they should answer "present."

Setting the Agenda

When Model UN committees have more than one topic available, the body must

set the agenda to begin working on one of these issues. At this time a delegate

typically makes a motion, stating "The country of [name] moves to place [topic A]first on the agenda, followed by [topic B] and then [topic C]." Once the motion has

been made, three delegations must speak in favor of the motion, and three otherdelegations will speak against it. These speeches should alternate between thosein favor and those opposed. Once these six speeches have been given, a vote istaken. Setting the agenda requires a simple majority vote.

Debate

Formal Debate:Formal debate revolves

around a speakers list. The Chair begins by

asking all delegates interested in addressing

Informal Debate:Informal debate

involves discussion outside of the

speakers list. During moderated



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the other members to raise their placards.

The Chair then chooses delegates to be

placed on the speakers list. A country may

only be on the speakers list once, but

delegates may add their country to the end

of the list after their speech.

caucuses, the Chair calls on delegates

one-by-one so that each can address the

committee in short speeches. During

unmoderated caucuses, the committee

breaks for a temporary recess so that

delegates may meet with each other and

discuss ideas.

When the session begins, speeches focus on

stating country positions and offering

recommendations for action.

After several countries state their

positions, the committee breaks for

caucuses (often in blocs) to develop

regional positions.

After blocs have met, speeches focus on

describing bloc positions to the entire body.

Writing begins as countries work

together to compose draft resolutions.

Delegates now make statements describingtheir draft resolutions to the committee.

Countries and groups meet to gathersupport for specific draft resolutions.

Delegates try to garner more support

through formal speeches and invite others to

offer their ideas.

Delegates finalize draft resolutions.

Delegates make statements supporting or

disagreeing with specific draft resolutions.

Draft-resolution sponsors build greater

support for their resolution and look to

incorporate others ideas through

friendly amendments.

Delegates present any amendments theyhave created.

Close of Debate

Once the speakers list is exhausted, the committee automatically moves to

voting. Also, once a delegate feels that his or her countrys position is clear to

others and that there are enough draft resolutions on the floor, he or she maymake a motion to proceed into voting procedure by moving for the closure ofdebate.

Voting Procedures

Once a motion to close debate has been approved, the committee moves into

voting procedure. Amendments are voted on first, then resolutions. Once all ofthe resolutions are voted on, the committee moves to the next topic on theagenda.



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Basic Model UN Rules of Procedure Required to Pass

A motion to set the speakers time sets or changes the amount

of time each delegate has to speak.Simple majority vote

A motion to open either a general or special speakers listallows delegates to sign up to speak.

Simple majority vote

Delegates propose a motion to go into moderated or

unmoderated caucus.Simple majority vote

A motion to adjourn debate ends the committee session until

the next session,which might be the next years conference,

or after lunch or dinner.

Simple majority vote

A delegate makes a motion to close debate and go into role

call voting, usuallywhen the delegate has made his or her

country's position clear and there are enough draft

resolutions on the floor.

Two-thirds majority vote

A point of order is used when a delegate believes the chair

has made an error in the running of the committee. The

Delegate should only specify the errors they believe were

made in the formal committee procedure, and may not

address the topic being discussed.

Decision

A point of inquiry (also known as a point of parliamentary

procedure) can be made when the floor is open (i.e. when no

other delegate is speaking) in order to ask the chairperson a

question regarding the rules of procedure.

No vote

A delegate may raise a point of personal privilege in order toinform the chairperson of a physical discomfort he or she is

experiencing, such as not being able to hear another

delegates speech.

No vote

A delegate makes an appeal to the chairs decision when he or

she feels the chairperson has incorrectly decided a point or

motion. At some conferences, this formal challenge must be

made in writing. The appealing delegate speaks and the

chairperson defends himself or herself before the vote.

Two-thirds majority

VII. WORKING PAPER:

Delegates may propose working papers for committee consideration. Working

papers are intended to aid the Committee in its discussion and formulation of draft

resolutions and need not be written in resolution format or cover all the points of

the discussion. Working papers are not official documents, but do require the

signature of the Director to be copied and distributed. Once distributed, delegates



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may begin to refer to that working paper by its designated number. Otherwise

debate on the topic carries on normally.

VIII. RESOLUTION:The final results of discussion, writing and negotiation are resolutionswritten

suggestions for addressing a specific problem or issue. Resolutions, which are

drafted by delegates and voted on by the committee, normally require a simple

majority to pass (except in the Security Council). Only Security Council

resolutions can compel nations to take action. All other UN bodies use

resolutions to make recommendations or suggestions for future action.

Draft Resolutions

Draft resolutions are all resolutions that have not yet been voted on. Delegates

write draft resolutions alone or with other countries. There are three main parts

to a draft resolution: the heading, the preamble and the operative section. The

heading shows the committee and topic along with the resolution number. It also

lists the draft resolutions sponsors and signatories (see below). Each draft

resolution is one long sentence with sections separated by commas and

semicolons. The subject of the sentence is the body making the statement (e.g.,

the General Assembly, Economic and Social Council, or Security Council). The

preamble and operative sections then describe the current situation and actions

that the committee will take.

Bringing a Resolution to the Floor for Debate

A draft resolution must always gain the support of a certain number of member

states in the committee before the sponsors (the delegates who created theresolution) may submit it to the committee staff. Many conferences require

signatures from 20 percent of the countries present in order to submit a draft

resolution. A staff member will read the draft resolution to ensure that it is

relevant and in proper format. Only when a staff member formally accepts the

document and assigns it a number can it be referred to in formal debate.



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Tips for Resolution Writing

o Be sure to follow the format for resolutions provided by the conferenceorganizers. Each conference may have a slightly different format.

o Create a detailed resolution. For example, if your resolution calls for a newprogram, think about how it will be funded and what body will manage it.

o Try to cite facts whenever possible.o Be realistic. Do not create objectives for your resolution that cannot be met.

Make sure your body can take the action suggested. For example, the General

Assembly cant sanction another country only the Security Council can do so.

o Try to find multiple sponsors. Your committee will be more likely to approve theresolutions if many delegates contribute ideas.

o Preambulatory clauses are historic justifications for action. Use them to cite pastresolutions, precedents and statements about the purpose of action.

o Operative clauses are policies that the resolution is designed to create. Use themto explain what the committee will do to address the issue.

Preambulatory Clauses

The preamble of a draft resolution states the reasons for which the committee is

addressing the topic and highlights past international action on the issue. Each

clause begins with a present participle (called a Preambulatory phrase) and ends

with a comma. Preambulatory clauses can include:

References to the UN Charter; Citations of past UN resolutions or treaties on the topic under discussion; Mentions of statements made by the Secretary-General or a relevant UN body or

agency;

Recognition of the efforts of regional or nongovernmental organizations indealing with the issue; and

General statements on the topic, its significance and its impact.



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Sample Preambulatory Phrases

Affirming

Alarmed byApproving

Aware of

Bearing in mind

Believing

Confident

Contemplating

ConvincedDeclaring

Deeply concerned

Deeply conscious

Deeply convinced

Deeply disturbed

Deeply regretting

DesiringEmphasizing

Expecting

Expressing its appreciationExpressing its satisfaction

Fulfilling

Fully alarmed

Fully aware

Fully believing

Further deploring

Further recallingGuided by

Having adopted

Having considered

Having considered further

Having devoted attention

Having examined

Having heardHaving received

Having studied

Keeping in mindNoting with regret

Noting with deep concern

Noting with satisfaction

Noting further

Noting with approval

Observing

ReaffirmingRealizing

Recalling

Recognizing

Referring

Seeking

Taking into account

Taking into considerationTaking note

Viewing with appreciation

Welcoming

Operative Clauses

Operative clauses identify the actions or recommendations made in a resolution.

Each operative clause begins with a verb (called an operative phrase) and ends witha semicolon. Operative clauses should be organized in a logical progression, with

each containing a single idea or proposal, and are always numbered. If a clause

requires further explanation, bulleted lists set off by letters or roman numerals can

also be used. After the last operative clause, the resolution ends in a period.



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Sample Operative Phrases

Accepts

AffirmsApproves

Authorizes

Calls

Calls upon

Condemns

Confirms

CongratulatesConsiders

Declares accordingly

Deplores

Designates

Draws the attention

Emphasizes

Encourages

EndorsesExpresses its appreciation

Expresses its hope

Further invites

Deplores

Designates

Draws the attention

EmphasizesEncourages

Endorses

Expresses its appreciation

Expresses its hope

Further invites

Further proclaims

Further reminds

Further recommends

Further requestsFurther resolves

Has resolved

Notes

Proclaims

Reaffirms

Recommends

RegretsReminds

Requests

Solemnly affirms

Strongly condemns

Supports

Takes note of

TransmitsTrusts

Sponsorsof a draft resolution are the principal authors of the document and agree

with its substance. Although it is possible to have only one sponsor, this rarely

occurs at the UN, since countries must work together to create widely agreeable

language in order for the draft resolution to pass. Sponsors control a draft resolution

and only the sponsors can approve immediate changes.

Signatoriesare countries that may or may not agree with the substance of the draft

resolution but still wish to see it debated so that they can propose amendments.

Amendments:

Delegates may amend any draft resolution which has been introduced. Only one

amendment may be introduced at any given time. An amendment must have the

approval of the Director and the signatures of one fifth of the number of delegationspresent at the beginning of the committee session in order to be introduced.



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Amendments to amendments are out of order; however, an amended part of a draft

resolution may be further amended. There are no official sponsors of amendments

or friendly amendments. Perambulatory phrases may not be amended. The final

vote on the amendment is procedural.

A motion to introduce an approved amendment is in order when the floor is open

and after it has been approved by the Director, copied and distributed. The Director,

time permitting, shall read the amendment. A procedural vote is then taken to

determine whether the amendment shall be introduced. If the motion receives the

simple majority required to pass, general debate will be suspended and a speakers

list 'for' and 'against' the amendment will be established.

A motion to close debate will be in order after the Committee has heard two

speakers for the amendment and two against or all the speakers on one side and at

least two on the other side. Following the normal procedure, the Director will

recognize two speakers against the motion to close debate, and a vote of two-thirds

is required for closure.

When debate is closed on the amendment, the Committee will move to an immediate

vote. Amendments need a simple majority to pass. If the amendment passes, it is

then part of the draft resolution.

After the vote, debate will resume according to the general Speakers List. There are

two types of amendments:

A friendly amendment is a change to the draft resolution that all sponsors agree

with. After the amendment is signed by all of the draft resolutions sponsors and

approved by the committee director or president, it will be automatically

incorporated into the resolution.

An unfriendly amendment is a change that some or all of the draft resolutions

sponsors do not support and must be voted upon by the committee. The author(s) of

the amendment will need to obtain a required number of signatories in order to

introduce it (usually 20 percent of the committee). Prior to voting on the draft

resolution, the committee votes on all unfriendly amendments.



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Ultimately, resolutions passed by a committee represent a great deal of debate and

compromise. They are the tangible results of hours if not days of Model UN debate.

As a result, it is important to become familiar with the resolution process and

practice drafting resolutions using the proper structure and wording.

Voting Procedure:

Votes will be taken in committee in two manners: -

Open Vote/Procedural Voting: All voting is considered procedural with the

exception of voting on draft resolutions. Delegates must vote on all procedural

motions and no abstentions are allowed for procedural voting. A motion that

requires a simple majority to pass needs more than half of the committee members

to vote affirmatively.

Roll Call Vote/Substantive Voting:

The only substantive voting will be voting on draft resolutions. After debate has

been closed on the general topic area, the committee will move into substantive

voting procedures and the chambers are then sealed. After debate is closed on the

topic, and before voting procedure begins a specific draft resolution any delegate

may request a roll call vote on the draft resolution. Such a motion may be made from

the floor. A motion for a roll call vote is in order only for substantive motions.

o In a roll call vote, the Director will call countries in alphabetical order startingwith a randomly selected member.

o In the first sequence, delegates may vote "Yes," "No," "Abstain," or "Pass." Adelegate may request the right to explain his/her vote only when the delegateis voting against the policy of his/her country; such a vote is termed "with

rights", in which case the delegate shall say: 'Yes with rights' or 'No with

rights'. The delegate may only explain an affirmative or negative vote, not an

abstention from voting.

o All delegates who had requested the right of explanation will be granted timeto explain their votes. The speaking time will be set at the discretion of the

Director, not to exceed forty-five seconds.



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o The countries which passed in the first round will then be asked to state theirvote in the second round they may not pass again, or request rights at this

point.

o In the final round, countries will be asked if they wish to reconsider theirvotes. After this, the votes will be tallied, and the draft resolution or

amendment will be declared to have passed, failed or been tabled.



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Sample Working Paper

Committee: Asian & Pacific Council

Topic: Rehabilitation after the Financial Crisis, 1997

Indonesia, Malaysia, Burma and other republics of South East Asia feel the need to set

up a separate monetary fund for the pan-Asian region. The reasons for this are as

follows:

1) Currently, the five largest donors to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) are the

United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and France, and Japan, in that order, while

the five largest recipients of loans from the IMF are Indonesia, China, Somalia, Malaysia

and The Gambia. (These statistics are made up - this is a SAMPLE working paper) The

countries which donate the most have the least association with those that need aid the

most, and to rectify this discrepancy to a certain extent Indonesia, Malaysia and Burma

recommend that a separate Asian Monetary Fund (AMF) be set up.

2) Asian nations often find themselves at philosophical odds with the pro-capitalist IMF

and often have to capitulate on their own views and policies in order to obtain IMF

loans. It would be, in our opinion, much better to borrow money from those

sympathetic to our ideas.

3) In Asia, wealth tends to be distributed among individuals more than the state - which

is often bankrupt. The IMF system for private donation is outmoded and underfunded.

The AMF would definitely call for Asian entrepreneurs from all over the world to

contribute to help out their home governments.

4) Asian Nations often find themselves with IMF loans that are nonmonetary in nature

and so effectively useless. However, due to the donor-receipient divide, a lot are held

back from complaining because they think it would only seem ungrateful and deny them

future loans. They would not face this problem if donors were fellow Asian nations.

5) Islamic states often prohibit the collection of interest, and since all IMF loans are

interest based, these nations often have to capitulate on their religious law to borrow

money. In our opinion, membership to the AMF could be as follows:



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# Only those countries willing, at some point, to contribute to the AMF may join. This

involves bearing an even share in losses if loans are irretrievable.

# Only those nations interested in giving and receiving almost interest free loans need

apply.

# Only those nations with internationally convertible currencies should be permitted to

join, the AMF is completely against capital controls.

# It is preferred that AMF members are not IMF members. While this may seem divisive

and unnecessary, it is a key step in freeing Asia from Western Dominance.



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Sample Resolution

General Assembly Third Committee

Resolution GA/3/1.1

Sponsors: United States, Austria and Italy Signatories: Greece, Tajikistan, Japan, Canada,

Mali, the

Netherlands and Gabon

Topic: Strengthening UN coordination of humanitarian assistance in complex

emergencies

Reminding all nations of the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Universal

Declaration of Human Rights, which recognizes the inherent dignity, equality and

inalienable rights of all global citizens, [use commas to separate perambulatory

clauses?]

Reaffirming its Resolution 33/1996 of 25 July 1996, which encourages Governments to

work with UN bodies aimed at improving the coordination and effectiveness of

humanitarian assistance, noting with satisfaction the past efforts of various relevant UN

bodies and nongovernmental organizations,

Stressing the fact that the United Nations faces significant financial obstacles and is in

need of reform, particularly in the humanitarian realm,

The General Assembly,

1. ENCOURAGES all relevant agencies of the United Nations to collaborate more closely

with countries at the grassroots level to enhance the carrying out of relief efforts; [use

semicolons to separate operative clauses]

2. URGES member states to comply with the goals of the UN Department of

Humanitarian Affairs to streamline efforts of humanitarian aid;

3. REQUESTS that all nations develop rapid deployment forces to better enhance the

coordination of relief efforts of humanitarian assistance in complex emergencies;



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4. CALLS for the development of a United Nations Trust Fund that encourages voluntary

donations from the private transnational sector to aid in funding the implementation of

rapid deployment forces;

5. STRESSES the continuing need for impartial and objective information on the

political, economic and social situations and events of all countries;

6. CALLS UPON states to respond quickly and generously to consolidated appeals for

humanitarian assistance; and

7. REQUESTS the expansion of preventive actions and assurance of post-conflict

assistance through reconstruction and development. [end resolutions with a period]

mun world india agreement with trainers.docx

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