AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT FUND LANGUAGE: ENGLISH ORIGINAL: FRENCH

MULTINATIONAL

PROJECT FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF ENDEMIC RUMINANT LIVESTOCK IN WEST AFRICA

(THE GAMBIA, GUINEA, MALI, SENEGAL)

APPRAISAL REPORT AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OCAR CENTRAL AND WEST REGIONS November 2005

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

Project Information Sheet, List of Tables, List of Annexes, Currency Equivalents, Weights and Measures, List of Abbreviations, Executive Summary, Project Matrix i-xi 1. ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF THE PROJECT......................................................................................................1 2. AGRICULTURAL SECTOR....................................................................................................................................2 2.1 Structure and Performance ......................................................................................................................................2 2.2 Land Development and Decentralization................................................................................................................3 2.3 Poverty Profile .........................................................................................................................................................4 2.4 Gender Issue ............................................................................................................................................................5 2.5 Natural Resource Management ...............................................................................................................................5 2.6 Legislative Framework ............................................................................................................................................6 2.7 Sectoral Policies and Strategies...............................................................................................................................7 2.8 Sector Development Constraints and Opportunities...............................................................................................7 3. SUB-SECTORS CONCERNED ...............................................................................................................................8 3.1 Livestock Sub-sector ...............................................................................................................................................8 3.2 Farming Sub-sector................................................................................................................................................10 3.3 Institutional Framework ........................................................................................................................................11 3.4 Donor Intervention.................................................................................................................................................14 4. THE PROJECT ........................................................................................................................................................16 4.1 Project Design and Rationale ................................................................................................................................16 4.2 Project Area and Beneficiaries ..............................................................................................................................18 4.3 Strategic Context ...................................................................................................................................................20 4.4 Project Objectives..................................................................................................................................................21 4.5 Description of Project Components ......................................................................................................................21 4.6 Production, Markets and Prices.............................................................................................................................25 4.7 Environmental Impact ...........................................................................................................................................26 4.8 Project Costs ..........................................................................................................................................................28 4.9 Sources of Finance and Expenditure Schedule .....................................................................................................29 5. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION..........................................................................................................................31 5.1 Executing Agency..................................................................................................................................................31 5.2 Institutional Arrangements ....................................................................................................................................32 5.3 Implementation and Supervision Schedules .........................................................................................................32 5.4 Procurement Arrangements ...................................................................................................................................33 5.5 Disbursement Arrangements .................................................................................................................................36 5.6 Monitoring and Evaluation....................................................................................................................................36 5.7 Financial Reporting and Auditing .........................................................................................................................38 5.8 Aid Coordination ...................................................................................................................................................38 6. PROJECT SUSTAINABILITY AND RISKS.......................................................................................................38 6.1 Recurrent Costs......................................................................................................................................................38 6.2 Project Sustainability .............................................................................................................................................39 6.3 Critical Risks and Mitigating Measures ................................................................................................................40 7. PROJECT BENFITS ...............................................................................................................................................41 7.1 Financial Analysis .................................................................................................................................................41 7.2 Economic Analysis ................................................................................................................................................41 7.3 Social Impact Analysis ..........................................................................................................................................41 7.4 Sensitivity Analysis ...............................................................................................................................................42 8. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................43 8.1 Conclusions............................................................................................................................................................43 8.2 Recommendations and Loan Conditions ..............................................................................................................43 ANNEXES This report was prepared following a mission to Mali, Guinea, The Gambia and Senegal from 9 to 25 September 2005 by Messrs. M.A. KANE, Agricultural and Forestry Engineer, Head of Mission, M. TRAORE, Environmentalist, OCAR.0, M. A. DIOUM, Agricultural Economist, OCAR.1, and two consultants (environmentalist and veterinarian – zoo-economist). Questions on this document should be referred to the authors or to Mr. G. TIBALDESCHI, Acting Division Manager, OCAR.1, Ext. 2269, or to Mr. C.R. SPENCER, Director, OCAR, (Ext. 2036).

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AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT FUND TEMPORARY RELOCATION AGENCY

P.O. Box 323, 1002 TUNIS - BELVEDERE, TUNISIA Tel. : (+ 216) 71 333 511; Fax : (+ 2I6) 71 332 992

E-mail : afdb@afdb.org

PROJECT INFORMATION SHEET

Date : October 2005 The information given hereunder is intended to provide guidance to prospective suppliers, contractors, consultants and all persons interested in the procurement of goods and services for projects approved by the Board of Directors of the Bank Group. More detailed information can be obtained from the Executing Agency of the Borrower. 1. COUNTRY : The Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Senegal 2. NAME OF PROJECT : Sustainable Management of Endemic

Ruminant Livestock in West Africa 3. PROJECT LOCATION : 20 sites in the four participating

countries, or 5 sites in each country 4. BORROWER : Governments of the concerned countries 5. EXECUTING AGENCY : Regional Coordination Unit (RCU)

located at the ITC PMB 14, Banjul (The Gambia) ;

Tel : + 220-4462928; Fax : +220-4462924. E-mail : itc@itc.gm

6. PROJECT DESCRIPTION : The main components of the project are :

A. Improvement of endemic livestock production systems, B. Conservation of the natural habitat of endemic livestock, and C. Project management

The major outputs of the project are: (1) the genetic characterization of endemic ruminant livestock (Ndama cattle and Djallonke sheep and goats) and their environment ; (ii) rehabilitation and equipment of five zootechnical research stations with a view to relaunching genetic improvement programmes in the participating countries ; (iii) establishment of multiplication systems within 200 village herds in order to ease access by mixed farmers to selected breeding stock ; (iv) training of 15,050 livestock farmers including 8 000 women in different domains (animal feeding, breeding management and improvement of the habitat of small ruminants; (v) development and equipment of 17 slaughter areas, 2 sub-regional livestock markets and 17 local livestock markets ; (iv) construction and equipment of mini-dairies of a capacity of 200 to 600 l/day for women’s associations ; (vii) improvement of 160 km of road to facilitate the marketing of endemic livestock and their products; (viii) preparation and implementation of land use and allocation plans and preparation of pastoral

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development and community forest management plans for the 20 sites chosen; and (vi) implementation of improved farmland management systems in localities in the project intervention area. 7. TOTAL PROJECT COST : UA 28.71 million - Foreign exchange : UA 18.39 million - Local currency : UA 10.32 million 8. BANK GROUP LOAN AND GRANT :

- ADF Loan : UA 9.76 million - ADF Grant : UA 10.24 million 9. OTHER SOURCES OF FINANCE : - GEF : UA 4.98 million - ILRI : UA 0.12 million - ITC : UA 0.22 million - GOVERNMENTS : UA 3.39 million 10. DATE OF APPROVAL : December 2005 11. ESTIMATED DATE OF PROJECT : START-UP AND DURATION : - Start-up : June 2006 - Duration : 6 years 12. PROCUREMENT OF GOODS AND SERVICES : 12.1 Works : the construction of water points (boreholes, water reservoirs and pastoral wells) will be carried out through international competitive bidding (ICB). Infrastructure works concerning the community livestock production and environmental infrastructure, development of slaughter areas and markets, improvement of access roads and building of processing units will be procured through national competitive bidding (NCB) procedure. Zootechnical research centres rehabilitation works will be carried out following the same procedure. 12.2 Goods: procurement of laboratory equipment for zootechnical research centres, deconcentrated veterinary services, ITC and CIRDES will be through international competitive bidding (ICB). Other goods, notably field equipment, data processing and office equipment, furniture, vehicles and motorbikes required for the functioning of the project will be procured through local shopping. 12.3 Consultancy services : short lists will be used for the procurement of services for studies (studies :supervision of works, land use plan, study on marketing constraints and opportunities, formulation of legislation on the management of RGAs, auditing and reviews, etc.) and training of local authorities. The project will prioritize the use of local operators in the execution of contracts. It will also endeavour to encourage the delegation of contracting authority to local NGOs and socio-professional organizations on a contractual and a

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posteriori control basis. The project will use specialized and experienced national and sub-regional bodies to perform research and development tasks within their area of competence. These include (i) ITC (study on the typology and functioning of livestock production systems, study on the competitiveness of endemic livestock: comparative cost/benefit analysis, training of trainers and training of researchers); (ii) ILRI (genetic characterization analysis); and (iii) CIRDES (study of adapted information dissemination systems, cryogenic preservation and training in molecular genetics). These specialized sub-regional bodies will work at country level with the assistance of agronomic research institutes, veterinary research laboratories, institutions or agencies responsible for the management of natural resources, environmental monitoring centres, academic institutions and livestock marketing agencies and associations. 13. CONSULTANCY SERVICES REQUIRED: they concern : (i) recruitment of experts for the Regional Coordination Unit and National Implementation Units ; (ii) infrastructural works studies, supervision and control ; (iii) study and supervision of access roads construction works; (iv) technical assistance missions (monitoring-evaluation, environmental monitoring, etc.); establishment of an accounting and financial system; (iv) preparation of a manual of procedures; (vii) annual auditing of project accounts; (viii) mid-term review; and (ix) post project evaluation. 14. ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORY : the project is classified as environmental category II.

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CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

(September 2005) Currency Unit = Unit of Account

UA 1 = US$ 1.45984 = CFAF 785.036 UA 1 = GMD 41.2637 = GNF 5 532.23

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES Metric System

LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.1 Summary of Estimated Project Cost by Component Table 4.2 Summary of Project Cost by Category of Expenditure Table 4.3 Summary of Project Cost Estimates by Source of Finance Table 4.4 Expenditure Schedule by Component Table 4.5 Expenditure Schedule by Sources of Finance Table 5.1 Implementation Schedule Table 5.2 Procurement Arrangements Table 6.1 Financing of Recurrent Costs by Source of Finance

LIST OF ANNEXES

Annex 1 Map of Countries and Project Sites Annex 2 Organization Chart of the Project Annex 3 Summary of Environmental and Social Management Plan Annex 4 Project Cost by Category of Expenditure and by Source of Finance Annex 5 Provisional List of Goods and Services Annex 6 Operating Accounts of Different Farm Models Annex 7 Calculation of Economic Rate of Return

List of Supplementary Annexes in Volume 2

Annex A Profiles of Key Posts of Project Management Unit and Technical

Assistance Office Annex B Detailed Project Cost Tables Annex C Farm Models and Detailed Economic and Financial Analysis Annex D Operating Account of a Mini-Dairy

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ADB African Development Bank ADF African Development Fund CIRDES International Centre for Research and Development on Livestock in the Sub-

Humid Zones ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States ERR Economic Rate of Return ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GEF Global Environment Facility ICB International Competitive Bidding ILRI International Livestock Research Institute ITC International Trypanotolerance Centre LS Local Shopping LSC Livestock Support Centre NCB National Competitive Bidding NGO Non-Governmental Organization NRM Natural Resource Management PIU National Project Implementation Unit PROCORDEL Joint Livestock Research and Development Programme RCU Regional Project Coordination Unit SL Short List UA ADB Unit of Account UNDP United Nations Development Program UNEP United Nations Environment Programme US$ United States Dollar USAID United States Agency for International Development ZRC Zootechnical Research Centre

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Project Background 1.1 West Africa is home to breeds of ruminants which have adapted to ecological conditions prevailing in the sub-humid zone, because these animals have genes that provide them with resistance to diseases common in this region like trypanosomiasis, endoparasitosis and dermatophiloses. These unique characteristics developed exclusively in West African habitats. In addition, these animals have other very fascinating characteristics that enable them to adapt to ecological conditions prevailing in the sub-humid zone such as high humidity levels and low quality diet. From the Fouta Djallon high plateaus (Guinea) which seem to be the original habitat of the local endemic livestock, the breeding area gradually extended to other countries. In the sub-region comprising Guinea, Senegal, The Gambia and Mali, the largest population of endemic ruminant livestock comprises Ndama cattle and Djallonke sheep and goats. 1.2 Nowadays, many breeds of endemic ruminant livestock are either becoming extinct or their specific genetic characteristics are diluting. Also, their habitats are increasingly being transformed into farmland and deforestation is generalized because of the high demand for fuelwood. Although the Ndama cattle herds are still large, the future may be jeopardized by the destruction of the habitat of these livestock, the high rate of crossbreeding with exotic breeds and poor selection of purebred animals. In the sub-region including Guinea, Senegal, The Gambia and Mali, the largest flocks of endemic ruminant livestock comprise Ndama cattle and the Djallonke breed of sheep and goats. The herds of these breeds dispersed in other countries underwent high levels of genetic erosion as a result of crossbreeding. The remaining herds concentrated in The Gambia, Guinea, Mali and Senegal are the most varied and most viable genetic treasures of these global genetic resources. Considering that Mali, Guinea, Gambia and Senegal harbour most of the endemic livestock and are encountering to differing degrees, the same problems, they have been brought together under a multinational project for the preservation of endemic ruminant livestock. 1.3 The project was prepared by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the Bank, in close consultation with the States concerned and professionals in the sector. This project for the sustainable management of endemic ruminant livestock in West Africa is in line with the guidelines of the poverty reduction strategy papers and livestock development policies of the four countries. It therefore falls within the framework of the Bank’s intervention strategy in the countries which seeks to stop endemic breeds from becoming extinct or being diluted and to contribute to the strengthening of the food security of the countries and improvement of the living conditions of the population. 2. Purpose of the Financing ADF financing comprises an ADF loan and grant. A loan will be granted to Mali and Senegal and a grant will be awarded to the ITC, The Gambia and Guinea. The ADF loan amounting to UA 9.80 million and representing 34.4% of the total project cost exclusive of taxes and customs duty will be used to finance 73.98% of foreign exchange costs and 26.02% of local currency costs. The ADF grant amounting to UA 10.20 million and representing 35.51% of the total project cost exclusive of taxes and customs duty will be used to finance 76.64% of foreign exchange costs and 23.36% of local currency costs. The ADF loan and grant will be used to finance the costs of infrastructure works and equipment, the cost of

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procurement of services, the cost of data-processing equipment and capital goods, and a diminishing share of the project operating costs. They will also cover a part of costs relating to biodiversity conservation. 3. Project Objectives The sector goal of the project is to contribute to poverty reduction and improved food security in West Africa. Its specific objective is to conserve the biodiversity of endemic ruminant livestock and increase their productivity. 4. Project Outputs The major project outputs will be as follows: (i) the genetic characterization of endemic ruminant livestock (Ndama cattle and Djallonke sheep and goats) and their environment; (ii) rehabilitation and equipment of five zootechnical research stations with a view to relaunching genetic improvement programmes in the participating countries; (iii) establishment of livestock production systems within 200 village herds in order to ease access by livestock farmers to selected breeding stock; (iv) training of 15 050 livestock farmers including 8 000 women in different domains (animal feeding, breeding management and improvement of the habitat of small ruminants); (v) development and equipment of 11 mini-dairies of a capacity of 200 to 600l/day, 2 sub-regional livestock markets and 17 local livestock markets; (vi) improvement of a total of 160 km of road in the four countries to facilitate the marketing of endemic livestock and their products; (vii) preparation and implementation of land use and allocation plans, and pastoral development and community forest management plans for the 20 sites chosen; and (viii) implementation of improved farmland management systems in localities in the project intervention area. The project will implement activities in the twenty sites chosen to boost the sustainable development of endemic ruminant livestock breeding while preserving the ecosystems in which the livestock live. 5. Project Cost The total project cost net of taxes and customs duties is estimated at US$ 41.92 million or UA 28.71 million. This cost is broken down into US$ 26.84 million in foreign exchange costs (UA 18.39 million) and US$ 15.08 million in local currency costs (UA 10.32 million). 6. Sources of Finance The project will be financed concurrently by an ADF grant (35.67%), ADF loan (33.98%), the GEF (17.35%), the Governments of the four participating countries (11.81%), the ILRI (0.42%) and the ITC (0.77%). These donors cofinance the same project components but not the same activities. In July 2004, the GEF granted financing of US$ 10.49 million covering a 10-year period. 7. Project Implementation The project which spans five years will be implemented at regional level by the Regional Coordination Unit (RCU) which will be responsible for technical coordination,

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implementation, monitoring, as well as financial and accounting management of the project as concerns both the GEF and the Bank-funded components. The Regional Coordination Unit will be located at the ITC headquarters in Banjul in The Gambia where offices will be provided for the project’s requirements. A National Implementation Unit (NIU) will be established in each country within the ministry in charge of livestock. This unit will be under the supervisory authority of the Directorate of Livestock which will be responsible for facilitating administrative procedures with the various structures involved in the implementation of the project (ministries, technical directorates, research structures, etc). The five sites in each country will be managed by a site head who will be assisted by two government employees. One will be responsible for animal production and the other for national resource and environmental management. 8. Conclusions and Recommendations 8.1 The project will help preserve the biodiversity of endemic ruminant livestock, remove obstacles impeding their sustainable management and develop the huge livestock potential in the sub-humid zone in West Africa. The project will build the capacities of all stakeholders in the sector, notably livestock farmers’, women’s and youth associations, rural communities and government services in charge of research and development. Farmers and breeders will be trained to sustainably manage endemic ruminants and to implement community-based natural resource management initiatives. Sustainable natural resource management methods will be adopted and implemented by the communities. The project will strengthen rural and pastoral infrastructure and improve access to markets. It will generate additional production of 43 400 litres of milk and 17 710 tonnes of meat, increase the incomes of 49 440 holdings and improve the living conditions of the population living in the project sites. 8.2 The project, as designed, is technically feasible, and financially and economically viable. The economic rate of return is 26.7%. Considering the expected outcomes of the project, it is recommended that a loan amounting to UA 5.32 million be granted to the Republic of Mali, and an ADF loan not exceeding UA 4.44 million to the Republic of Senegal and an ADF grant of UA 2.04 to ITC, UA 2.71 million to the Republic of The Gambia and UA 5.49 million to the Republic of Guinea to implement the project as described in the appraisal report, subject to the conditions set out in the loan agreements.

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PROJECT MATRIX MULTINATIONAL : PROJECT FOR THE SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF ENDEMIC RUMINANT LIVESTOCK IN WEST AFRICA

HIERARCHY OF OBJECTIVES (HO) OBJECTIVELY VERIFIABLE INDICATORS (OVI) MEANS OF VERIFICATION (MOV) ASSUMPTIONS AND RISKS

1. Sector goal 1.1 Contribute to the strengthening of food security and

poverty reduction in West Africa

1.1 Meat production in the project sites rises from 46 460 tonnes live

weight in 2006 to 55 340 tonnes in 2009 and to 64 170 tonnes in 2011 ; milk production is up from 93 000 litres in 2006 to 112 500 litres in 2009 and to 136 400 litres in 2011 ;

1.2 Average incomes in the project sites for “cattle + small ruminants” farms increases from CFAF 185 518 in 2006 to CFAF 338 818 in 2009 and CFAF 475 000 in 2011 ; for the small ruminants system average incomes go up from CFAF 50 300 in 2006 to CFAF 81 235 in 2009 and to 97 200 in 2011.

1.1 Statistics of specialized public institutions

such as poverty surveys, completion report and post evaluation reports

2. Project objectives 2.1 Preserve the biodiversity of endemic ruminant

livestock and improve their productivity.

2.1 The per capita annual weighted productivity increases from 20 kg to

28kg among cattle and from 6 kg to 7.5 kg among small ruminants (SR) from 2006 to 2009 ; then to 37 kg among cattle and 9.5kg among SR in 2011. Milk production rises from 1 l/day to 1.2 l/day in 2009 and then to 1.5 l/day in 2011

2.2 Crossbreeding between endemic breeds and exotic breeds dropped by 20% in the project sites in 2010 compared with 2006. Reduction by 20% from 2011 of the number of ha of endemic livestock habitat converted each year into farmland or into scrubland.

2.1 Project status reports, monitoring/evaluation

reports, ADF completion report

- Potential conflicts in the sub-region

could hamper the sustainable management of livestock and lead to increased migration towards vulnerable ecosystems

- Natural phenomena (floods, drought, etc.) could have direct negative impacts on habitats leading to the migration of livestock from dry areas towards wetlands.

3. Project outputs 3.1 Improvement of endemic livestock production

systems Development of endemic livestock production systems 3.1.1 Endemic ruminant livestock and their environment

characterized 3.1.2 Livestock production conditions (health, feeding and

habitat) improved and capacities of stakeholders built 3.1.3 Selection livestock identified 3.1.4 Incentives proposed and implemented 3.1.5 Zootechnical research stations rehabilitated and

equipped

3.1.1 Samples of 20 herds of 50 head each and per species constituted in

2006 in each country : Genetic characteristics of endemic breeds (Ndama cattle and Djallonke sheep and goat) known and typologies of production areas and systems carried out in the chosen sites in 2006. Regional distribution maps of genetically pure and crossed herds drawn in 2007.

3.1.2 30 technicians including 15 women and 70 livestock production assistants including 40 women trained in 2009. 50 technicians including 25 women and 122 assistants including 65 women trained in 2011. A total of 5 000 breeders including 2 500 women trained in the domain of animal feeding in 2009; 9 850 breeders including 5 000 women trained in 2012 – 2000 breeders including 1 500 women trained in the domain of improvement of the habitat of small ruminants in 2009; 5 200 breeders including 3 000 women trained in 2011

3.1.3 50% of animals retained in the selection programmes are tattooed and looped in 2009 and 100% in 2011

3.1.4 A study on the competitiveness of endemic livestock is conducted and validated in 2006 in each country and its recommendations are implemented from 2007

3.1.5 5 Zootechnical research stations rehabilitated and equipped in 2009

3.1.1 Project status reports, technical reports,

monitoring/evaluation reports, project status reports, ADF and GEF supervision and completion reports.

3.1.2 PIU status reports and specific reports on

service providers’ structures. 3.1.3 PIU status reports 3.1.4 Study report and PIU status report 3.1.5 Status reports of PIU and research centres.

- Epizootic disease prevention and control systems are efficient and livestock distribution infrastructure is strengthened.

- Various barriers could hamper exports of endemic ruminant livestock and stockfarming products in the countries and outside the sub-region.

- The viability of endemic ruminant livestock pure breed genetic improvement programme could be compromised by artificial insemination programmes and increase in Sahelian Zebu transhumance flows towards wetlands.

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HIERARCHY OF OBJECTIVES (HO) OBJECTIVELY VERIFIABLE INDICATORS (OVI) MEANS OF VERIFICATION (MOV) ASSUMPTIONS AND RISKS 3.1.6 In situ genetic improvement systems put in place 3.1.7 Outcomes of the genetic improvement programme are

widely disseminated among livestock breeders and government officials

3.1.8 ITC capacities are built Development of endemic livestock 3.1.9 Marketing systems strengthened

3.1.10 Legal, policy and institutional frameworks proposed and implemented to promote endemic livestock

3.2 Conservation of the natural habitat of endemic

livestock 3.2.1. Natural resource management (NRM) and endemic

livestock habitat conservation plans prepared and implemented. Natural resources in the project sites preserved and managed sustainably by rural communities

3.2.2. Formulation and implementation of local regulations 3.2.3 Development of mixed agriculture/livestock systems 3.3 Project management 3.3.1. Regional Coordination Unit (RCU), National

Implementation Units (PIU) and site implementation teams

3.1.6 20 site technicians trained in reproduction management and 4 national experts in genetics in 2009 ; 800 livestock breeders including 400 women trained in reproduction management and animal selection in 2009 ; 1500 including 750 women in 2011 ; 200 village multiplication herds functional in 2011

3.1.7 A study on adapted information dissemination systems is conducted and validated in 2006. A website is created and run by the RCU in 2006. At least one rural radio per country broadcasts quarterly programmes on project activities from 2009.

3.1.8 ITC’s intervention capacities in the area of training are increased by 20% in 2009 and 30% in 2011.

3.1.9 A study on endemic livestock marketing opportunities and constraints

is conducted and validated in 2006. The Sare Toba and Gaoual regional markets are equipped and functional in 2009. 17 slaughter areas and 17 local markets are equipped and 11 mini-dairies are built and equipped in 2009 for women’s associations – 160 km of road are improved in the project sites. An endemic livestock trade fair or competition is organized annually in each country from 2009.

3.1.10 Legislation relating to the management of RGA is formulated and validated in each of the 4 countries in 2008. Transborder transhumance management mechanisms are functional in each of the 4 countries in 2009.

3.2.1 Surveys on local natural resource management practices are carried out

and validated at the level of the sites of each country in 2006. The base situation of environmental impact indicators per site is established in 2006. Land use and allocation plans prepared and validated in the sites in 2006. 1 2.50 km of firebreaks and 775 km of livestock trails opened in 2009; 4 300 km and 2 850 km in 2011. Community forest pastoral management plans prepared and implemented in 2009 at country sites. At least one endemic livestock characteristic habitat area (savannah) is demarcated in 2009 on each site and preserved thanks to sustainable management by the communities 30% of livestock breeders in 2009 and 60% in 2011 participate in sustainable natural resource management programmes on the 20 sites.

3.2.2 A study on the use of pastures and transhumance on sites is conducted and validated in 2006. Three training courses by local institutions in charge of NRM are organized per country in 2009 . Five site employees per country are trained in conflict management and NRM good practices in 2009.

3.2.3 3 200 livestock farmers including 2 600 women are trained in manure preparation techniques and cultivation of fodder crops in 2009 ; 9 850 including 5 000 women in 2011; 120 ha of fodder banks installed in 2006, 180 ha in 2011; 16 water points built in 2009; a total of 24 in 2011.

3.3.1 The RCU, the 4 PIU and 20 sites teams are established in 2004 and are

functional

3.1.6 PIU status reports. Specific reports of service provider structures.

3.1.7 Study report , RCU status report. PIU status

reports. 3.1.8 ITC and RCU status reports 3.1.9 Study report, specific reports and status

reports

3.1.10 Status reports and specific reports. 3.2.1 Survey report and status reports. PIU status reports and specific reports 3.2.2 Status and study reports 3.2.3 Status and study reports and works

completion reports

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HIERARCHY OF OBJECTIVES (HO) OBJECTIVELY VERIFIABLE INDICATORS (OVI) MEANS OF VERIFICATION (MOV) ASSUMPTIONS AND RISKS KEY ACTIVITIES PRODUCTION OF ENDEMIC LIVESTOCK - Studies and surveys and various BD launched - Information and sensitization campaigns conducted - Contracts with ITC Training Centre and other structures in

charge of training and capacity building signed and executed within the time-frame

- Works contracts executed on schedule - Adequate control and supervision of works CONSERVATION OF THE NATURAL HABITAT OF ENDEMIC LIVESTOCK - Studies and surveys and various BD launched - Information and sensitization campaigns conducted - Agreements with service providers signed and

implemented - Training and capacity building activities carried out PROJECT MANAGEMENT - Implementation structures set up on schedule

- Coordinators and experts recruited perform their duties satisfactorily

- Equipment and sundry supplies procured - Monitoring/evaluation and audit reports submitted regularly

DURATION / RESOURCES - Duration of project : 6 years Expenditure categories Amount in UA million Works 6.86 Goods 2.29 Services 11.28 Personnel 2.15 Operating 1.95 Miscellaneous 0.68 Basic cost 25.21 Unallocated 3.50 Total 28.71 - Financial Resources : UA 28.71 million - ADF grant : UA 10.24 million - ADF loan : UA 9.76 million - GEF : UA 4.98 million - ILRI : UA 0.12 million - ITC : UA 0.22 million - Governments : UA 3.39million - Human Resources:

- RCU (4 managerial staff) - PIU (6 managerial staff x 4 countries) - Sites (3 managerial staff x 20 sites) - Populations, associations and Communities - Deconcentrated technical services - Research bodies, NGOs and private enterprises

1. ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF THE PROJECT 1.1 Population growth in the four countries concerned (The Gambia, Guinea, Mali and Senegal) is estimated at 2.4% per annum. In the urban areas, the figure peaks at about 4.4%. Throughout West Africa, livestock production systems are changing drastically due to rapidly increasing demand for animal products which can be explained by a number of factors: high population growth, rising income levels of some segments of the population, rapid urbanization, shift in feeding habits, etc. These four countries are essentially plagued by rural poverty that mostly affects small livestock farmers and especially those breeding endemic livestock in the tsetse fly infested the sub-humid zone. This situation is a milestone in livestock production and prompts policymakers and researchers to further consider possible improvements in the production capacity of local breeds. 1.2 West Africa is home to breeds of ruminants which have adapted to ecological conditions prevailing in the sub-humid zone because these animals have genes that provide them with resistance to diseases common in this region like trypanosomiasis, endoparasitosis and dermatophiloses. These unique genetic characteristics developed exclusively in West African habitats. Moreover, these animals have other very fascinating characteristics that enable them to adapt to ecological conditions prevailing in the sub-humid zone including high humidity levels and a fairly low-quality diet. The genetic diversity of the local livestock is further highlighted by their belonging to several breeds. From Fouta Djallon (Guinea) high plateaus which seem to be the original habitat of the local endemic livestock, the breeding area gradually extended to other countries. In the sub-region comprising Guinea, Senegal, The Gambia, and Mali, the largest population of endemic ruminant livestock include the Ndama cattle, and Djallonke breeds of sheep and goats. The herds of these breeds dispersed in other countries underwent high levels of genetic erosion as a result of crossbreeding. The remaining herds concentrated in The Gambia, Guinea, Mali and Senegal are the most varied and most viable of these global genetic resources. 1.3 Nowadays, many breeds of endemic ruminant livestock are either becoming extinct or their specific genetic characteristics are diluting. According to the FAO, a third of the global genetic resources of livestock, comprising some 3 800 breeds of 40 species are endangered and 60 % of these resources are found in developing countries (in sub-Saharan Africa, 22 breeds of cattle living at the beginning of the 20th century are extinct). For example, the Manjaca breed of Guinea- Bissau is virtually extinct. Other breeds, such as Laguna breed, are endangered owing to their low market value and inappropriate ruminant livestock management systems. Moreover, the habitats of endemic species are increasingly being transformed into farmland and deforestation is generalized owing to the high demand for fuelwood. 1.4 With respect to the Ndama cattle, while there are still a good number of herds, the future may be jeopardized by the destruction of the habitat of these livestock, the high rate of crossbreeding with Sahelian and/or exotic breeds, and poor selection of purebred animals, as shown by statistics from some countries like The Gambia where research by the International Trypanotolerance Centre shows the presence of some zebu genes in 50% of sampled cases. Awareness of these constraints prompted Mali to seek the support of cooperation partners in the development of an endemic livestock conservation project. The destruction of ecosystems in Mali, which is more severe than in the other neighbouring countries, favours the intrusion of Sahelian zebu in the areas that are the habitat of trypanotolerant livestock. Since Mali, The Gambia, Guinea and Senegal hold the majority of endemic livestock and encounter, though to

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varying degrees, similar problems, a multinational project will be launched to address endemic ruminant livestock conservation problems. Moreover, at the regional level, the project is consistent with activities undertaken by several international research institutions and cooperation agencies such as the International Trypanotolerance Centre (ITC), International Centre for Research and Development on Livestock in the Sub-Humid Zone, (CIRDES), International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and FAO. 1.5 The countries concerned submitted funding requests to the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and World Bank. It is within this framework that the Bank attended many preparatory meetings to the project alongside the Regional Coordination UNDP/GEF Biodiversity/Eaux Internationales West/Central Africa. Thereafter, the Bank fielded an identification mission in December 2004 and a preparation mission in February 2005. During the preparation mission, a cross section of identified sites was visited and discussions were held with the mixed farmers. The mission also attended a workshop to draft GEF implementation procedures in Banjul. It was noted that the coverage of the project went beyond in situ conservation of endemic breeds as initially laid down in the GEF project document. Hence, the scope of the project was extended to include sustainable endemic ruminant livestock management in the area under consideration. 1.6 This sustainable endemic ruminant livestock management project in West Africa is consistent with the guidelines contained in the poverty reduction strategy papers and livestock development policies of the four countries. It therefore falls within the framework of the Bank’s operations strategy in these countries to mitigate threats of extinction and dilution of endemic breeds, contribute to enhancing food security of the countries and improve the living conditions of the people. This objective can be achieved through sound transhumance management and preservation of endemic ruminant breeds. The appraisal mission organized a consultation meeting in Dakar bringing together the project’s main partners (UNDP/GEF, ILRI and ITC). This report was prepared on the basis of the project document prepared by GEF, data collected during identification and preparation missions of the Bank, findings of complementary studies conducted in Mali in July 2005 and consultations with major partners of the various countries in the livestock area (European Union, USAID, FAO, French, German and Swiss Cooperation agencies), livestock breeders’ associations and surveys by the appraisal mission (September 2005) of the Bank. 2. AGRICULTURAL SECTOR 2.1 Structure and Performance 2.1.1 In the four project originating countries, agriculture is the backbone of the economy. It has a significant impact on the income of the poor as more than 70% of this population are rural dwellers. These communities are mostly small farmers who thrive on agriculture. In economic terms, agriculture contributes considerably to the total GDP (18% to 45%) of these countries by occupying more than 60% of the work force and is a major foreign exchange earner. It also accounts for the lion’s share of raw materials (above 70%) thereby boosting industrialization, and specifically, in the agro-food sector. Agricultural development is therefore central to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goal that aims at halving poverty by 2015.

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2.1.2 According to recent estimates, the share of agriculture in GDP should increase by at least 2.6% annually commensurate with population growth that stands at 2.4% and thereby achieve food security, poverty reduction and sustainable economic growth. The livestock sub-sector of the participating countries accounts for about 3% to 10 % of GDP and 12% to 34% of GDP in agriculture while its contribution to overall economic growth is expected to grow. With respect to the countries covered by the project, the growth of the livestock sub-sector recorded an uneven trend during the just-ended period, with a downward trend in certain countries. By way of example, in The Gambia, the share of the agricultural sector in GDP globally moved from 40% in 1980 to 20 % in 1998, before a 34% rebound in 2000. As to livestock, its contribution to agricultural GDP is predicted at 24% with an annual growth rate of 3.3%. In Guinea, the share of livestock to national GDP declined from 4 % in the 1980s to some 2% in the 1990s. In Mali, livestock contribution to agricultural GDP amounted to 10% to 12% (9% in 2003). In Senegal, livestock which accounts for close to 35% of agricultural GDP grew by an average of 4.2% between 1995 and 1998. During the same period, the agricultural sub-sector which represents 45% of the primary sector GDP dropped by about 2%. Accordingly, livestock production essentially stabilized the primary GDP. 2.2 Land Development and Decentralization 2.2.1 Land is a core resource in agricultural production. Safe access to land is vital in the promotion of investments in agricultural production. All the four countries concerned operate under customary and modern written law land tenure systems. Customary systems are extremely varied and complex. Most of them do not afford adequate land tenure safety and the requisite flexibility to address socio-economic changes. However, in many areas, these customary systems are affected by population growth, trade and the need for men and women to exercise their basic rights as well as the need to open and ensure the productivity of the land market. 2.2.2 In the four countries, agro-pastoral activities are multi-pronged and varied in an area where livestock breeding is seemingly the natural activity in the prevailing ecosystems. In addition to livestock breeding, other activities are developing in the natural environmental such as farming, hunting, harvesting, logging, mining, etc. Population growth and, in some areas, increased farm land settlement bring forth more needs in newly cleared areas. This effort to develop farmland is favoured by the land tenure systems in force. 2.2.3 In The Gambia, the land tenure system provides for enjoyment of usufruct to the land developer. It prioritizes agricultural activities as land, which is usually used for stockbreeding, may be used as farmland without compensation to livestock breeding.

2.2.4 In Senegal, the advent of land tenure legislation has caused slippages owing to the fact that it does not overtly cover the development of land which is key to land access to the extent that agricultural activities could be decisive to land allotment. To remedy the situation, the enabling legislation governing agropastoral and forest activities (LOASP) adopted in 2004 considers stockbreeding as a type of land development. 2.2.5 Guinea and Mali, contrary to The Gambia and Senegal, have enacted specific pastoral laws. These new laws that seek to protect the land rights of stockbreeders introduced major reforms (reasserting the role of stockbreeding in land development, ensuring pastoral mobility, mainstreaming customary practices in natural resource management, etc.). However, these laws can be refined as enforcement has highlighted inadequacies that may be corrected as field operations roll out.

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2.2.6 The countries concerned by the project have embarked on the implementation of decentralization polices that seek to build an enabling socio-economic and institutional environment to promote rural activities and to further integrate them into economic activities. These polices lay the groundwork for progress owing to the fact that the population can fully participate in the running of local public affairs and are increasingly exercising their citizenship. The decentralization process heralded a new dawn in stockbreeding. However, such developments did not result from meaningful and specific strategies driven by the mobilization of breeders around common priority concerns. This tends to prevent the involvement of the breeder community in the decentralization process with specific regard to the generally inadequate organizational capacities of these stakeholders. 2.3 Poverty Profile 2.3.1 Throughout West Africa, 44% of the population live below the poverty line while impoverishment continues to rise steadily due to the small increase in per capita income (0.9 % on average between 1990 and, 2000). Since 1990, poverty has worsened significantly in the countries involved in the project. The deepening impoverishment can be explained by several factors: (i) weakness of the agricultural sector and, more specifically, food crop sub-sector, (ii) inadequate diversification of productive activities, (iii) problems of employment and difficulty in satisfying basic needs, (iv) fall in income and competitiveness, etc. Food insecurity which is the major consequence of poverty is characterized by the lack of regular access to food supplies to ensure a balanced diet. 2.3.2 In The Gambia, some 91 % of the extremely poor population earn a living from agriculture. Yet, low agricultural productivity and high dependence on subsistence rainfed and groundnut crops are drawbacks to the revitalization of the agricultural sector. Malnutrition is widespread and affects mainly the vulnerable groups (children, women, the elderly and handicapped). In Guinea, the incidence of rural poverty is two times higher than urban poverty (52.5 % against 25 %). Food crop farmers are the most impoverished class (more than 68 % of the poor population). While farmers comprise 61 % of the entire population, they represent more than 80 % of the poor. The poor derive two-thirds of their income from farming and spend 62 % of their earnings on food. 2.3.3 In Mali, among the various forms of poverty, food scarcity and insufficiency are the most daunting challenges facing the Malian people. Poverty affects two out of every three people (63.8%) and 76% of the poor are rural dwellers. Despite the availability of meat, the consumption of meat remains relatively low (7.8 kg/year/person) compared with fish (10.5 kg/year/person). In Senegal, 44% of households are poor with a yearly income below CFAF 600,000. Average per capita food production estimates for the 1990-2000 period barely peaked at 78 % of the 1987 level while meat production dropped significantly (11 kg/year/person in 1997 against 20kg in 1960). The agricultural policy has failed in reducing poverty which is fast gaining ground in the rural areas where 78% of the poor live (the majority of whom are women).

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2.4 Gender Issue 2.4.1 In the four participating countries, rural women living in the project intervention area are greatly involved in family farms to which they belong. While most of the women are stockbreeders, a good number are involved in farming. Hence, they contribute significantly to the household income. It is noteworthy that in West Africa, women are the backbone of rural life, as they cultivate 70% of farms and produce as much as 80% of food products. Moreover, they single-handedly process food products and market 60% to 90% of such products. 2.4.2 Women milk cows, treat and water small ruminants although they do not generally graze the animals. Herding is left to shepherds who are paid by or live at the expense of other household members. In households with a huge cattle stock, women market the surplus milk produced. Proceeds of the sale of milk or animals belonging to women are often used to address household needs such as buying school equipment or dressing for children and buying food in times of food shortage during the year, etc. Rural women aim to diversify their activities and income sources as much as possible. Those living in large settlements strive to make the most of every opportunity to generate income: sale of food products, development of micro-credit schemes, etc. The contribution of these activities to the income of women is variable. Depending on the location and size of the activity, the main sources of income are stockbreeding, farming or petty trade. 2.4.3 Women living within the project intervention sites generally rear small ruminants that are profitable and readily available short- or medium-term investments. These savings are generally the only means of acceding to stockbreeding which is the most flourishing activity. As a general rule, small ruminants are more commonly reared in family farms compared to cattle. Sheep and goats are reared in all categories of holdings including the smallest wherein these animals play a key socio-economic role. Recent drought brought to bare the remarkable resistance of small ruminants, high reproduction rate, their food and economic value and, clearly, as livewire of communities with low food production. 2.5 Natural Resource Management 2.5.1 Natural resources are the lynchpin of many productive activities, including farming, stockbreeding, fishing, forestry, wildlife reserves, tourism, etc. The consequences of repeated droughts and some anthropogenic activities like logging, shifting cultivation, bushfires and mining seriously destroy vegetation. The four countries have adopted decentralization policies by transferring some duties and resources to the local communities. In this respect, local communities are henceforth responsible for the management of natural resources for planning and development purposes. However, funds allocated to local governments are inadequate for the performance of their duties in respect of infrastructure development, regional development, natural resource management, etc. Local authorities are required to play a key role in most decisions pertaining to rural resource allocation. However, they lack skills, expertise, awareness, and thus need capacity development. This project proposes a regional development plan consistent with urban development and natural resource management. 2.5.2 Savannah forests which constitute the habitat of endemic cattle are depleting at an alarming rate from the combined effect of: (i) deforestation to meet farming and fuelwood needs, (ii) bushfires for various reasons (hunting, beekeeping, grass cover regeneration, etc.), and (iii) repeated droughts. In the areas harbouring the Ndama, the deteriorating natural

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habitat caused by anthropogenic and climatic factors favour zebu incursions and crossbreeding which account for the erosion of genetic traits specific to trypanotolerant breeds. 2.6 Legislative Framework 2.6.1 The legislative framework governing the management of animal genetic resources (AGR) and the conservation of the habitat of endemic ruminant livestock on the international level is laid down by a range of legal instruments. The key instruments include: (i) the Global strategy on the management of domestic animal genetic resources that advocates the implementation of genetic animal resource management plans and establishment of partnerships between relevant bodies to promote sustainable management of such resources; (ii) the June 1992 Rio Convention on biological diversity is the core instrument on the conservation, sustainable and equitable management of biodiversity. It has been ratified by all four countries of the project; (iii) the Carthegena Protocol on Biosafety pursuant to the Convention on Biodiversity that provides for the establishment of a legal instrument on biotechnology risks resulting from transborder movement of living modified organisms resulting from modern technology that may have adverse effects on biodiversity conservation and sustainable management; (iv) Within the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Decision to regulate transboundary transhumance between member states adopted in 1998, institutes an international ECOWAS Transhumance Certificate. The certificate seeks to control cattle on departure, protect local herds and notify the people of the cattle destination beforehand. 2.6.2 At national level, policy-makers of the sub-region have recognized the key role of endemic livestock breeds in scaling up production and income and poverty alleviation as well as sustainable natural resource management. However, there are significant legal and regulatory lapses that explain the persistent discrepancy between biodiversity conservation strategies and endemic ruminant management policies. While genetic dilution is considered one of the major threats to endemic ruminants, there is no law or regulation to check crossbreeding between the different livestock breeds. The project will support the countries in the drafting of relevant legislation thereon. With regard to agropastoral activities, the legal framework is radically different from one country to another. 2.6.3 The Gambia adopted a landmark legal document in 1994 entitled the National Environment Management Act. This act is the basic legal instrument governing the management and implementation of environmental protection standards. It establishes the two key institutions for environmental management (the National Environment Management Council and National Environment Agency). The country has also adopted a biodiversity conservation strategy and action plan. 2.6.4 In Guinea, Ordinance No. 045/PRG/87 of 28 May1987 to establish the Environmental Protection and Management Code contains provisions on pastoral resources. It regulates the use of bushfires and wildlife management. Furthermore, it makes provision for impact assessment applicable inter alia to industrial stockbreeding facilities. In the absence of specific legislation, Guinea set up a national genetic improvement committee responsible for designing national breeding policy and strategies. The country has also formulated and implemented a pastoral code.

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2.6.5 In Mali, Law No. 91-047/AN-RM of 23 February 1991 relating to the protection of the environment and living conditions contains some provisions on pastoral resources. Decree No. 99-189 of 5 July 1999 institutes environmental impact assessment. It seeks to prevent the degradation of the environment during the implementation of some projects. The Law on the Pastoral Charter sets out the fundamental principles and general rules governing pastoral activities. The law addresses the following key issues: (i) conditions applicable to animal movement and access to pastoral resources, (ii) conditions of access to farmland, (iii) protection and management of pastoral land, and (iv) pastoral resource management. 2.6.6 In Senegal, Law No.2001-01 of 15 January 2001 on the Environment Code outlines the protection of animal genetic resources. In this regard, it provides that every development project should comply with biodiversity conservation and sustainable management standards. The Code also requires environmental impact assessment for development projects or activities liable to jeopardize the environment including policies, plans and programmes. There is no pastoral code while the forest code contains provisions pertaining to the use of cattle tracks, pollarding, and lopping of trees eaten by cattle in classified forests. Senegal overtly acknowledged the importance of endemic livestock breeds in rural development by enacting Law No. 2002-24 of 9 December 2002 to define conditions for the genetic improvement of domestic animal species. 2.7 Sectoral Policies and Strategies 2.7.1 Poverty reduction strategies and sectoral policies of each of the countries emphasize: (i) improvement in food security by diversifying income sources of rural households to raise their living standards, (ii) increase in the supply of agricultural inputs to local industries, (iii) development of local manufacturing industries to supply rural areas, (iv) diversification of export products to boost export earnings, (v) improvement in natural resource management, and (vi) reduction of the prevalence of rodents and disease. Priority intervention areas include: (i) liberalizing pricing and marketing of produce, inputs and agricultural services, (ii) promoting private sector development, (iii) restoring and maintaining soil fertility, (iv) developing irrigation, and (v) developing agricultural, forestry and fish production as well as improved stockbreeding. The overarching objective of the policies and strategies is poverty reduction and improvement in local standards of living thanks to increased household incomes, food security, gainful employment and sustainable natural resource management, which are economic levers. 2.7.2 In an effort to mainstream environmental issues, stockbreeding policies have laid down guidelines in respect of sustainable natural resource management practices. These guidelines underscore the need to dovetail herds and available natural resources by striving for lesser pressure on animals and enhanced production techniques. The determination of the concerned countries in promoting endemic ruminant livestock breeding indicates the growing awareness of policymakers on the need to tailor intervention strategies to the specific development constraints and needs of this activity in macroeconomic policies. 2.8 Sector Development Constraints and Opportunities 2.8.1 Constraints: rural development in the four countries is constrained by the following key factors: (a) farming is heavily dependent on rainfall and weather conditions, (b) lack of access to appropriate technology, (c) high prevalence of rodents and plant and cattle disease, and (d) inadequate access to primary healthcare in the rural areas which is compounded by

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HIV/AIDS. The countries are currently addressing these challenges with the support of the Bank Group and other funding institutions. These constraints are aggravated by other factors such as: (i) the socio-economic situation of the countries, (ii) poor state of roads and rural infrastructure that impede marketing of produce especially in the rural areas, (iii) unfavourable terms of trade of most agricultural commodities, and (iv) conflicts in some countries of the sub-region. Sector programmes address these factors at the macroeconomic level. 2.8.2 Opportunities: the agricultural sector of the four countries recently, though at various levels, showed signs of increased dynamism, diversification and growth owing to the fact that producers and traders are increasingly reaping the benefits of reforms and improvements ushered in by policy implementation and relative economic stability. The initiative to promote endemic ruminant stockbreeding is most auspicious. In fact, many West African countries have strongly expressed their need for purebred endemic livestock to crossbreed and enhance the resistance of their herd to tropical diseases. This conducive environment offers an excellent opportunity to reap even more benefits in a sector whose performance is known to make a substantial contribution to the national economy in general and, specifically, to poverty reduction and food security. The inception of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) and other regional and sub-regional initiatives have brought forth regional and global agricultural trade opportunities. 3. SUB-SECTORS CONCERNED 3.1 Livestock Sub-sector 3.1.1 The livestock sub-sector, alongside rainfed crops, accounts for the lion's share of primary sector production in the four countries. According to figures for 2000, the total ruminant herd population included 12.6 million cattle, 12.1 million sheep, and 14.5 million goats. Total meat production is estimated at 360,635 tonnes (carcass and offal). Imports are marginal and merely supplement total meat demand notably, chicken and pork. Milk is mainly produced by industrial stockbreeding and totals about 710 million litres. This production does not satisfy demand and some countries like Senegal are bound to import to meet about two-thirds of their milk and dairy needs. 3.1.2 Livestock systems are varied and depend a great deal on the species of the herds. Stockbreeding is characterized by several ways of shepherding stock. In Mali : (i) the nomad pastoral or Sahelo-Sahelian transhumance system in the arid North, is extremely mobile; (ii) transhumance agropastoral systems resulting from flooded areas in the Inner Niger Delta,, marked by coexistence of agriculture and stockbreeding; (iii) mobile or sedentary agropastoral systems found in unwatered land located in the centre-west and south-west, are characterized by simultaneous stockbreeding and rainfed cropping especially food crops during the rainy season; (iv) sedentary agropastoral systems in the cotton producing areas blend livestock production and cash crops (cotton and groundnuts) are the most uncommon systems; and (v) periurban livestock systems are located around major cities (Bamako, Mopti, San, Segou and Sikasso). Trypanotolerant endemic livestock are reared in two of the systems reviewed: these are the agropastoral system wherein rainfed crops are cultivated in South Kayes and the agropastoral system involving cash crop cultivation in the Sikasso region (south Mali) In Guinea, where most of the cattle is dominated by the Ndama breed there are : (i) small family herds with less than 10 cattle; it is sedentary and includes intensive agriculture; (ii) semi pastoral breeding which generally comprises 10 to 30 cattle is sedentary

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but becomes mobile during the dry season; (iii) large scale pastoral breeding with more than 30 head is often associated with small ruminants which is transhumance in nature. The two main small ruminant systems are : (i) rural stockbreeding which is mainly extensive with an average of 10 stray head is the most common system; and (ii) suburban household breeding with at most 5 head which feed from household waste products. 3.1.3 In Senegal, stockbreeding includes: (i) the typical pastoral system which is common in the dry areas of the north with a 400mm rainfall, rears 32% of cattle and 35% of small ruminants and is marked by highly mobile groups of people and their livestock; (ii) the agropastoral system wherein stockbreeding, which is more or less associated with agriculture, is relatively sedentary or mobile and is practiced in the groundnut-rich basin and southern region and rears 67% of cattle, and 62% of small ruminants; and (iii) suburban or urban system which is highly market-oriented, is practiced in the Niayes region, with 1% of cattle and 3% of small ruminants. In The Gambia, livestock systems are similar to Senegalese systems with a high concentration of herds in the east and centre of the country. These systems face constraints that are critical to their medium- and long-term survival. Such constraints include, depleting natural resources, inadequate infrastructure and inadequate organizational capacities of breeders' organizations. Another major constraint relates to the growing importance of the agricultural sector and pressure on land in the sub-humid zone regions of West Africa. 3.1.4 There are two categories of domestic ruminant livestock in the four countries concerned: (i) trypanotolerant breeds like Ndama cattle and Djallonke sheep and goats; and (ii) trypanosensitive breeds including zebu and offspring from crossbreeding with Ndama cattle and sheep and goats of the Sahel. The population of these two livestock categories in the national herd varies from country to country: 95% of Ndama cattle and 99 % of Djallonke small ruminants in predominantly Sudanese countries (The Gambia and Guinea), and 6% of Ndama cattle and 12.5% of Djallonke small ruminants in predominantly Sahelian countries (Mali and Senegal). The endemic ruminant livestock is threatened with extinction or genetic dilution due to the following factors: (i) destruction of their habitat, (ii) crossing with zebu or other exotic breeds, (iii) poor livestock management, and (iv) lack of viable markets. However, within the sub-region, there are no reliable statistics on specific herds or breeding levels. Under such circumstances, the extent of the threat looming on endemic livestock is not really known. 3.1.5 Deliberate crossing with other high-performance breeds such as zebu is preferred for several reasons, namely: (i) the need to satisfy the ever-increasing needs of the population, notably in meat and dairy products, (ii) the need to boost agricultural production, through wide scale animal traction, and (iii) valorisation of large animals in socio-cultural systems. However, rearing such cross-breeds is only feasible in the most conducive environments such as suburban stockbreeding systems. Compared with endemic livestock, hybrids are undoubtedly more demanding in terms of health and feeding. As long as conditions of extensive stockbreeding, which is the most common system, in the area under review do not improve in the near future, extensive stockbreeding systems will prevail. 3.1.6 Field reforms result in fit-to-size and, sometimes, overhauls in livestock production and marketing systems. In all the countries covered by the project, there is an emergence of suburban industrial or semi-industrial production belts specifically short cycle livestock production and dairy production. Hence, gradually increasing its share to overall economic growth in the countries reviewed. Conversely, the development of international trade and

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industrialization of some sectors further marginalize small producers. There is a structural scarcity of West African products on local markets. Accordingly, there is competition from imported products. Such competition influences market prices owing to the fact that countries of the North grant subsidies to their producers while the purchasing power of the population of the sub-region is quite low. Competition also impacts on quality and consumer choices. 3.1.7 Despite the economic importance of endemic stockbreeding and its contribution to the local economy, the development of this activity is impeded by many factors. During the preliminary studies during the preparation of this project, breeders categorized their constraints in the following order of importance: (i) difficulties in grazing animals during the dry season and salting of water points, (ii) inadequate health coverage of livestock resulting in certain persistent endemic and parasitic diseases such as trypanosomiasis, (iii) scarcity and, in some cases, extinction of some plant species eaten by animals and growing number of rural land disputes between farmers and breeders, (iv) increasing insect bites (tsetse fly, horseflies), (v) difficulties in marketing livestock, (vi) low productivity of local endemic breeds, notably milk for genetic and feeding reasons and (vii) weak producer organization in the endemic livestock producing areas. 3.1.8 Stockbreeding is of capital importance in all the four countries. The small farmers who make up the great majority of stockbreeders produce mainly meat, milk, traction force and manure. Investment in stockbreeding not only enables many rural inhabitants to generate income and savings, but also curbs the effects of inflation. Where farmers combine agriculture and stockbreeding, the income level of family holdings increases with the size of the herd. Stockbreeding also has a socio-cultural importance, which is coupled with a significant advantage stemming from raising endemic livestock. This is a more reliable activity than raising exotic species since indigenous breeds require less inputs for feeding and are more resistant to disease and drought. In general, stockbreeding provides several solutions to the problem of poverty reduction: (i) security (a source of foodstuff, short-term savings and preparedness for the future of the family); (ii) capital (management of major and average risks making it possible to avert the poverty spiral); (iii) diversification of activities and income; and (iv) socio-economic integration. 3.2 Farming Sub-sector 3.2.1 Farming in the project participating countries is dominated by rainfed crops and is thus heavily influenced by agro-climatic conditions. The predominant system in the project area is mixed crop farming which combines cereals and edible root crops. The area is characterized by relatively low population density, abundant arable land, low altitudes, high temperatures and the presence of the tsetse fly which limits the size of herds and hinders the use of draught animals in most of the area. Food crop production is dominated by cereals which make up the staple food (millet, sorghum, acha, maize and rice), root crops and tubers (cassava, yams, sweet potatoes). Most cereal production is for domestic consumption. Leguminous food crops (cowpea, groundnuts) as well as fruits and vegetables account for a small share of total production. Cotton is by far the leading cash crop. The farming sub-sector is closely linked to that of stockbreeding and many producers practice mixed farming, combining agriculture with animal breeding. This system substantially enhances food security since it offers a wide variety of products to households.

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3.2.2 Increasing output depends more on surface areas under cultivation than on better yields which are generally low, with less than one tonne per hectare for most cereals. Farmers tend to use large cattle for draught power, but they are prone to trypanosomiasis and this negatively affects farm output. Although drought remains the leading risk factor, the countries covered still have very bright agricultural growth prospects. In fact, with the use of trypanotolerant purebred draught cattle in the agro-pastoral systems prevailing in the area, lands abandoned because of the tsetse fly could be sown with cereals, thus increasing yields and diversifying production. 3.2.3 Major obstacles to the revival of the crop sub-sector include : (i) low and irregular rainfall; (ii) inadequate management of water resources (iii) deterioration of natural resources, (iv) declining soil fertility ; (v) strong demographic pressure on arable land; (vi) difficult access to bank credit; and (vii) marginalization of the vulnerable population segments, especially youth and women with respect to access to land the other factors of production. These constraints notwithstanding, there are potentialities that could constitute a springboard for agricultural revival. The main ones include the existence of surface and ground water for irrigation purposes, and the mobilization of rural communities and their leaders with the backing of development partners. 3.3 Institutional Framework 3.3.1 Several regional and international institutions are involved in the implementation of the project. The Global Environment Facility (GEF) is an independent financial institution that grants credits to developing countries for projects that enhance the global environment as well as the sustainable well-being of local communities. GEF funded projects target six major environmental concerns: (i) biodiversity; (ii) climatic change, (iii) international waters; (iv) soil degradation; (v) the ozone layer; and persistent organic pollutants (POPs). 3.3.2 International Trypanotolerance Centre (ITC): this Bank initiative is an autonomous regional institution for research on agriculture and stockbreeding with headquarters in Banjul (The Gambia). Although the original goal of the Centre was to conduct research on and multiplication of Ndama cattle, its mission has been expanded to enhancing livestock productivity in West Africa through optimum and sustainable use of genetically resistant local cattle breeds to foster the well-being of the population. ITC is seeking to develop genetically improved breeds of Ndama cattle and Djallonke sheep, in partnership with national agricultural research networks. It has considerable experience in the improvement and use of local resources, the introduction of innovations, partnership with national agronomic research bodies and capacity building for all sector stakeholders. The management of the Centre comprises the Directorate General and two departments (Administration and Finance and Coordination of Research/Development Programmes). ITC implements three research programmes, namely the improvement of low input systems, the improvement of commercial systems and the cross-cutting support and liaison programme. Besides its Banjul headquarters, ITC has two stations at Keneba and Bansang, laboratories and stables, herds of 1000 cattle and 700 small ruminants, and adequate facilities for trials (23 ha) and training. The highly skilled personnel includes 27 researchers and technicians out of a total staff strength of 130 workers. Average annual budgets from 2001 to 2004 stood at US$ 1.8 million, derived from the Centre’s self-generated resources, the Gambian Government and funding partners (Belgian and German Cooperation, the European Union, FAO, ADF, etc). The annual estimates for the 2005/2008 period will be raised to US$2.5

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million of which a quarter will come from the Centre’s self-generated resources. ITC shares and harmonizes research/development programmes with ILRI, CIRDES and the Dakar Inter-State School of Science and Veterinary Medicine. It has wide experience in partnering with national and international research networks. In all, ITC’s goal is to focus more on developing stockbreeding for West African producers and consumers, by designing and adopting innovative methods that can foster the well-being of the population while conserving the environment. 3.3.3 International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI): based in Nairobi (Kenya), this institute is part of the Consultative Group on International Agronomic Research (CGIAR) whose work centres on stockbreeding and poverty. Its mission is to boost scientific knowledge and technical abilities in a bid to improve the standard of living of poor stockbreeders. ILRI works in association with other national and international organizations involved in the domains of livestock research, training and information. Its activities cover all developing tropical regions of Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. ILRI research programmes focus mainly on characterizing indigenous breeds, conserving them and improving methods of use of livestock. All these fall within the scope of intervention of the new project. ILRI is funded by government agencies, development banks, private foundations and regional and international organizations. 3.3.4 The “Centre International de Recherche-Developpement sur l’Elevage en zone sub-humide” (International Centre for Livestock Research and Development in the Sub-Humid Zone) (CIRDES), based in Bobo Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) conducts research and development on livestock in the sub-region (Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Niger and Togo). It lays emphasis on applied research, which is indispensable for development, training for its technical and agro-pastoral staff as well as transfer of new technologies in the domain of stockbreeding. It conducts research on parasitic diseases, animal production, stockbreeding systems and their integration into agriculture and on environmental protection. The Centre has three operational research units (biological bases of integrated control, stockbreeding and the environment, and animal production), a training unit and a 20-member research team. 3.3.5 The ministries in charge of agriculture, livestock and the environment in the four countries are responsible for formulating, implementing and evaluating national policies and plans in their respective sectors. These ministries are quite experienced in managing programmes funded by development partners. Following is a brief presentation of the main stakeholders working in the implementation of endemic ruminant livestock management actions in the four countries concerned. In The Gambia, the “Department of Livestock Services” within the Department of State for Agriculture formulates and implements State policy on animal health and production. It has regional and district services, and provides counselling and support to stockbreeders. Biodiversity issues are handled by the Department of Parks and Wildlife which oversees the promotion and sustainable use of biological resources. The Government has developed protected areas, which form 3.5% of the total surface area of the country, to slow down the deterioration of settlements and curb biodiversity losses. The new wildlife policy aims to raise the total protected areas to 5% of national territory. Agronomic research is conducted by the National Agricultural Research Institute which has two experimental sites.

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3.3.6 In Guinea, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Forestry has jurisdiction in the management of endemic livestock. It is particularly responsible for promoting livestock activities, animal production and animal health. There is a regional development and planning bureau with rural development and environment units in each administrative region. Divisional rural development and environment directorates are found in each division (prefecture). The National Directorate of Livestock (DNE) is in charge of promoting stockbreeding in order to meet the demand for animal products. DNE works in close conjunction with the Ministry in charge of the environment, the Agronomic Research Institute of Guinea, the Ministry of Territorial Administration which manages local authorities, the network of private veterinarians and socio-professional bodies. The Agronomic Research Institute of Guinea (IRAG) is a public scientific establishment. Its mandate is to contribute to rural development in Guinea through research on: plant, animal and forestry products and the agro-food processing thereof, the conservation and improvement of natural resources related to these products, agro-exports and their socio-economic environment. Its six research centres cover all the edapho-climatic zones in the country. The National Directorate of Nature Protection is responsible, inter alia, for designing and implementing general measures and programmes on biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of resources in view of implementing biodiversity protection and conservation. The National Centre for Environmental Observation and Monitoring oversees environmental monitoring in Guinea. The mandate of the Centre therefore includes regular monitoring of environmental factors that could impact on human health and the balance of ecosystems. 3.3.7 In Mali, several institutions are involved in the management of animal genetic resources. They include the newly created Ministry of Livestock and Fishery whose main duty is to formulate and implement Government policy in the domain of livestock promotion. At regional and local levels, there are many technical entities which are deconcentrated units of the central services. The technical directorates of some ministries, such as that in charge of regional development, oversee, inter alia, the preparation of regional development plans at local, regional and national levels. The National Directorate of Nature Conservation is mainly responsible for preparing and implementing forestry, parks and reserve development and restoration plans. The Institutional Framework for the Management of Environmental Issues oversees the overall harmonization and supervision of policies and programmes on the management of natural resources and improvement of living conditions. The Institut d’Economie Rurale (Rural Economy Institute) (IER), a public scientific and technological establishment, provides technical expertise through : technical studies in all rural domains, rural counselling through transfer of technology, laboratory analyses, and the use of geographical information systems. The Regional Agronomic Research Centres found in five regions of the country represent the Institute. 3.3.8 In Senegal, the Directorate of Livestock within the Ministry of Livestock recently set up has oversight of public sanitary and health inspection as well as surveillance of commercial transactions. It ensures and coordinates supreme State authority relating mainly to : (i) hygiene and control of foods of animal origin ; (ii) implementation of the decree on animal health control ; (iii) control at the borders ; (iv) control of veterinary products; and (v) international cooperation and zoonoses control. The directorate has regional, divisional and local services. Through its deconcentrated services, the Ministry of the Environment and Nature Protection provides support and counselling to grassroots communities on natural resource management. The Ministry in charge of local authorities coordinates the activities of grassroots entities empowered in various domains. The Senegalese Institute of Agronomic

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Research (ISRA) fosters research activities in view of developing technologies in the domains of plants, animal, forestry and fish production. It is also in charge of selection with respect to seeds and animals. It is well experienced and has conducted several experiments geared towards genetic advancement, animal health and feeding at the Dahra and Kolda Zootechnical research centres and the National Livestock and Zootechnical Research Laboratory. The Ecological Monitoring Centre of Senegal (CSE) has established experience in natural resource management in general and ecological monitoring in particular. Indeed, for over ten years, the CSE has been regularly monitoring the environment in Senegal, particularly plant resources, using low resolution satellite images associated with field data. Monitoring is relevant in plant production, farming seasons and bushfires. 3.4 Donor Intervention 3.4.1 Development partners have been lending support in the management of domestic ruminants with specific genetic traits for more than 20 years. It started with the purchase, multiplication and selection of Ndama purebred cattle; such operations were conducted in isolation in ranches and zootechnical research stations. Under such conditions, there was hardly any impact on stockbreeders. The dissemination of improved breeding stock to village dwellers generally came only at the project completion point and without the support measures through which the genetic advances realised in weighted productivity per head could be maintained and enhanced. 3.4.2 As concerns natural resources, the different countries have implemented natural resource management and ecosystem conservation projects funded by various partners including the ADF, German Cooperation, USAID, the EU and UNDP. The projects are aimed, among others, at the creation of protected areas, conflict management and capacity building for local communities towards sustainable management of natural resources. Actions undertaken have led to the creation of an enabling environment for the building of fruitful partnerships for the current project. 3.4.3 At national level, the countries concerned have initiated several operations directly relating to the project. In The Gambia, the following projects may be cited: “Improving Milk Safety and Farmers Income Using the Village Milk System” which was set up by the Department of Livestock Services and is funded by FAO; the “Rural Finance and Community Initiative Project” (RFCIP), funded by IFAD ; the “Peri Urban Small Holder Improvement Project” (PUSIP) funded by the ADF. The ADF also financed a livestock development study in 2002. 3.4.4 In Guinea, the “Centre d’appui à l’élevage” (CAE) (Livestock Support Centre) of Boke was set in 1981 with FAO and UNDP assistance. The first phase (1981/1987) of its activities saw the creation of an initial herd and the application of a method of selection in station, with milk production as the primary goal. Italian Cooperation stepped in for a while, and then activities were put in abeyance in 1996. As part of its research projects, the Centre developed cooperation with stockbreeders who undertook to apply a selection method with the aim of identifying the most productive dairy cows in their herds. Part of the offspring of these productive dairy cows were bought for re-breeding at the CAE station. Some of the adult sires were handed over to a dozen selected animal farmers. Other livestock development related projects in Guinea include: the Livestock Support Project (PAE) for the middle and forest zones of Guinea (PAE) funded by AFD; the stock breeding and natural resource management component of the EU-funded Dabola-Dinguiraye Programme (PDD);

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the Livestock Sector Support project (PASEL), the Trypanosomiasis Project, and the livestock component of the “Programme Guinée Maritime III”, all three funded by the EU; the livestock component of the World Bank-funded “National Rural Services Project” (PNSR); and the Beyla-Kerouane Integrated Agro-pastoral Development project and studies on the Fouta Djallon North West Area Rural Development Support Project, both funded by ADF. 3.4.5 In Mali, thanks to financial support from the European Development Fund (EDF), the Ndama Yanfolila Operation (ONDY) was launched. Its goal is to safeguard, improve and promote the Ndama breed, based on a method of selection in a controlled environment. A 17000 ha ranch was created to this end. Selected bulls were distributed to villagers starting 1991. This was followed by the structuring of the rural area into pastoral zones, rural water supply schemes and the use of controlled fires. EDF funding ended in 1993, and ECOWAS took over from 1996 to 2001, giving the centre a sub-regional scope. Known as the “Madina Diassa community Centre for the Production of Ndama Breeding Stock”, the ranch extended the range of distribution of improved breeding stock to other villages. Attendant measures were supplemented by a credit component. These initiatives yielded promising results. However, with the end of ECOWAS funding, activities could not continue. Other livestock projects in Mali include: the integrated control of animal trypanosomiasis through the creation of tsetse fly free zones, project funded by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) ; the Mali North-East Phase II project, and the multinational project on the setting up of areas sustainably freed of tsetse fly, both funded by ADF. 3.4.6 In Senegal, the Kolda Zootechnical Research Centre has, since it was set up in 1972, undertaken in station mass selection operations on Ndama cattle and Djallonké sheep. Then it distributed improved breeding stock among village herds. French Cooperation and FAO granted it financial assistance for the regional project known as “Promotion of Trypanotolerant Livestock in West and Central Africa”. With dwindling financing, the selection programme slowed down. But the Centre still has a handful of improved Ndama cattle which could be used for the project. It could thus play a vital role in the management of the genetic improvement programme in Senegal as well as in the training of farmers in breeding techniques. Other similar major projects in Senegal include: (i) the community biodiversity management project (PICBC), funded by UNDP and GEF; (ii) the forestry sector development support programme (PADF), funded by the Dutch Government; (iii) the Anambe bassin agricultural development project, (iv) the small irrigation project, (v) the livestock support project (PAPEL)-Phase II; and (vi) the livestock sector development study, all four funded by the Bank Group. 3.4.7 The Bank Group recently lent support to livestock development measures, particularly tse-tse fly and trypanosomiasis control. The Bank provides financial assistance through a multinational project to create areas sustainably freed of tsetse fly in East and West Africa. The Bank also made a financial grant to the International Trypanotolerance Centre (ITC) in Gambia to support research on the breeding of cattle resistant to the disease. The current project complements these various initiatives. Joint efforts will also be fostered with the Gambia River Basin Development Organization (Senegal, Gambia, Guinea and Guinea-Bissau) regional project operating in certain sites and funded by the ADF and the Islamic Development Bank. The project seeks to develop a participatory approach to land management and to encourage livestock activities hinged on providing water supply facilities, developing animal trails and opening community-managed rural veterinary pharmacies.

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3.4.8 Through the implementation of the Joint Livestock Research and Development Programme (Programme concerté de recherche/dévelopement sur l’élevage) (PROCORDEL), in the four countries concerned, research has been conducted on both low input production systems and market-oriented activities. Funded by the European Union, PROCORDEL is steered by ITC and CIRDES, and has made it possible to consolidate selection programmes in The Gambia and revive the one in Guinea. Similarly, significant progress has been made in spreading genetic advances realized in station to village herds. This is done by administering the improved genetic material obtained from the selected nucleus to multiplication herds. The programme has led to the creation of associations of stockbreeders who own multiplication herds in The Gambia. These associations sell improved cattle and small ruminants to other animal breeders. The European Union is financing the Pan-African epizooty control programme in 32 African countries. The four project target countries are included in this major programme. Senegal is declared free from cattle plague. Guinea and Mali are declared free and The Gambia provisionally free from the disease. 3.4.9 The main lessons learned from previous interventions and taken into consideration in the preparation of this project are as follows : (i) multiplication herds in villages allow for a proper dissemination of genetic advances achieved in research stations ; (ii) the emergence of local organizations enables stockbreeders to take responsibility for the dissemination of improved genetic materials among other breeders; (iii) dissemination among breeders of selected breeds can lead to a sustainable improvement only if management systems are profoundly changed by eliminating straying as a method of management of animals to be selected; (iv) as part of the change of farming system, greater attention must be paid to the pastoral land tenure issue; and (v) the sustainable management of selection programmes calls for financial support over a relatively long period as well as the involvement of stockbreeders in the definition of strategies to be implemented. 4. THE PROJECT 4.1 Project Design and Rationale 4.1.1 Trypanosomiasis is one of the major constraints to livestock development in the sub-humid zone. Production losses in regions affected by the tsetse fly are significant and estimated at US$ 50 billion annually. Control of the tsetse fly which is the vector of this disease was very often the strategy adopted. Such control requires clearing to destroy the reproduction habitat of flies and the use of insecticides to combat the tsetse flies. These solutions have negative impacts on the environment and alone are inadequate for control. The option of using trypanotolerant livestock proposed by the project helps preserve biodiversity and limit the use of chemical products and clearing of savannah woodland hosting endemic livestock. The preservation of endemic ruminant livestock is therefore a major challenge both for Africa and the other parts of the globe as they constitute diversified, quasi-unique genetic wealth. At present, the trypanotolerant breeds in West Africa are confronting different threats related to several factors, notably: (i) destruction of their natural habitat due to demographic pressure and climatic changes; and (ii) abandonment of the breeding of endemic ruminant livestock owing to production and market constraints. In addition, the intrusion of local zebu in the area where endemic livestock live and inappropriate strategies for crossing with other exotic breeds are a serious threat as they encourage the erosion of specific genetic traits which form the basis of the resistance of trypanotolerant breeds to tropical diseases.

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4.1.2 Efforts to be undertaken under the project are envisaged at the sub-regional level. The option to give the project a multinational dimension is based on ecological, socioeconomic, genetic and organizational considerations. The livestock farmers concerned have always adopted transhumance patterns which do not take into account national borders. Additionally, issues relating to the tapping and management of natural resources may have transborder impacts. There are also lively livestock and stockfarming products marketing dynamics within the sub-region and with neighbouring countries, even though such trading is basically informal and is not significantly backed by public authorities. The animal genetic resources targeted by the project are resources shared by the countries concerned. The project intends to strengthen synergy through regional cooperation, pooling of resources and the sharing of results and experiences in genetic improvement and development of animal production systems. 4.1.3 The strategy adopted by the project is based on two main thrusts : (i) develop endemic ruminant livestock production and, concurrently, (ii) promote the sustainable management of natural resources. Thus, the development of endemic ruminant livestock production will be carried out within communities of (‘in situ’) stockbreeders in a way that ensures greater return on this activity while preserving the biodiversity of these animals and the habitats in which they live. To this end, the project will adopt a participatory approach involving village communities in the selected sites so as to sensitize them, develop and test resource management strategies and establish links with the private sector in order to provide appropriate economic incentives for the management of endemic livestock and conservation of their natural habitat. In addition, actions are envisaged to improve conditions for the production and marketing of endemic livestock. Special attention will be paid to the development of small ruminants farming not only because this activity concerns especially the vulnerable population segments including women but also because these species, often abandoned in favour of large ruminants, are more exposed to diseases (high mortality rates due to contagious pustular stomatitis (peste des petits ruminants). 4.1.4 Genetic improvement will be carried out by open nucleus selection. It will be a participatory selection whose objectives are defined in close consultation with stockbreeders. The programmes will be built on the basis of close collaboration between multiplier herds belonging to stockfarmers and selection nuclei conducted in stations where genealogy and performance controls are easier. In addition, operations for detecting exceptional milk producing females will be organized regularly in order to introduce their offsprings into the selection nucleus. For Ndama cattle, the selection objectives set by livestock farmers in the chosen sites following the participatory diagnoses conducted during the project preparation phase are to increase meat and milk productivity without compromising the cattle’s resistance to trypanosomiasis and other adaptability characteristics. The expected weighted productivity (per head and per year) is 37 kg for cattle and 905 kg for small ruminants whose meat producing capacity will be enhanced. Dissemination of genetic advancement will be carried out be secondary breeders who will be encouraged to form an association. At the level of livestock farmers, straying as a method of herd management will be banned in order to avoid ill-timed mating. The collection of data disaggregated by type and the processing thereof are essential stages in the implementation of the genetic improvement programme. I twill be necessary to maintain a database on zootechnical and genetic information as well as environmental, parasitological, entomological and socioeconomic data. The data will be released to livestock farmers as well as to other users, ensuring that the appropriate mediums are chosen for each target. This project differs from previous selection operations that

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considered livestock farmers as mere beneficiaries. These operations being carried out at the level of stations (Operation Ndama Yanfolila in Mali, “CAE de Baké” in Guinea and Kolda Zootechnical Research Centre in Senegal) will serve as a basis for the project’s work. Under this project, some functions of these stations will be upgraded. Furthermore, the constitution of a gene bank will be initiated in zootechnical research institutes. 4.1.5 The project’s strategy is based on the assumption that the loss resulting from the difference between the production of local breeds and that of exotic breeds (in terms of meat, milk, etc.) will be largely offset by the small quantity of inputs required for endemic livestock breeding (healthcare, supply of fodder and water, etc.). The results of research conducted within the framework of the African Trypanotolerance Network have shown that trypanosomiasis resistant cattle are a viable solution to the problem of animal production in the semi-wetland regions of Africa which are affected by trypanosomiasis. The socioeconomic analysis conducted by ITC shows that trypanosomiasis-resistant herds produce the equivalent of US$ 93 per cattle in glossina affected areas compared with US$ 67 per cattle for transhumant herds. However, precise, detailed cost/benefit analyses comparing exotic and endemic livestock breeds in diverse farming conditions have not yet been carried out in the project sites. A study on the monetary value of endemic livestock products will be carried out at project start-up in order to better define these aspects. 4.2 Project Area and Beneficiaries 4.2.1 Project Area : the area targeted by the project covers the east of The Gambia, the south and south-east of Senegal, the west and south of Mali, and the centre and south of Guinea. The location of the countries and project sites is shown in Annex 1. Five priority intervention sites were chosen in each of the four countries concerned during the preparatory studies. The choice of sites was based on a combination of several criteria concerning : (i) the “purety” of the breed ; (ii) the presence of diversified production systems involving all species ; (iii) the status of natural resources and the seriousness of threats to ecosystem ; (iv) the acuteness of the problem posed by the tsetse fly; (v) the seriousness of the threat to endemic breeds; (vi) geographic location (prioritization of transborder sites); (vii) the commitment of local communities to get involved in the implementation of the project; and (viii) the presence of ongoing basic project and/or activities. 4.2.2 Regarding climatic and biophysical conditions, The Gambia has a Sudano-Sahelian-type climate with annual rainfall ranging between 800 in the East and 1 200mm in the West. There are three types of soil in the project sites : (i) the high plateau soils ; (ii) the valley area soils; and (iii) the alluvial plain soils. Guinea’s sites are characterized by the predominance of a tropical Guinean and sub-Sudanese climate. The soils are essentially of hydromorphic plains, low ferralitic dewatered plains and hardpan plateaus. Average annual rainfall ranges from 1 200mm to 3 500mm. Mali’s sites belong to the south Sudanese climatic area. In the main, the soils fall into three major categories: (i) soils at summits unsuitable for agriculture; (ii) soils at intermediate surface areas characterized by hardpan land; and (iii) accumulation area soils. Annual rainfall ranges between 800mm and 1 200mm. In Senegal, the sites are located in areas with a predominant Sudanese or Sudanese-Guinean-type climate, with annual rainfall of between 800mm and 1 300mm. Soils are generally sandy, clayey or lateritic.

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4.2.3 Regarding socio-economic activities in The Gambia, mixed farming systems are predominant in the project area. Livestock breeding is associated with rainfed or irrigated agriculture. The project intervention area in Guinea is characterized by a huge agro-pastoral, forest and mining potential. In Mali, activities in the project sites are mainly agriculture and livestock-driven. The development of cotton cultivation in the southern part of the country has resulted in a significant increase in the animal population, in particular oxen. In Senegal, the project area is characterized by the predominance of extensive agriculture with generally low productivity. In villages, extensive farming is combined with stockbreeding and logging. 4.2.4 N’dama endemic breeds are small animals (250 kg to 300 kg for cattle and 20 kg to 30 kg for small ruminants). In Guinea’s five sites (Boke/Gaoual/Koundara/Telimele, Tougué/Dinguiraye, Siguiri/Mandiana, Beyla/Kerouane and Mamou/Faranah), the herd is estimated at 1 651 600 cattle, 409 000 sheep and 446 800 goats. Mali’s five sites (Madina Diassa, Manankoro, Tousseguela, Nouga-Benkadi and Lobougoula) have a total of 107 000 cattle and 221 400 small ruminants. The herd in the five sites of Senegal (Bandafassy, Medina Yoro Foula, Waasadou, Ndiamacouta and Tenghory) is estimated at 196 100 cattle, 129 400 sheep and 154, 208 goats. Concerning The Gambia, the herd of the five sites (Kombo east, Kiang west, Niamina, Niamina east and Sami) is estimated at 32,800 cattle, 22, 000 sheep and 28, 600 goats. Activities will be concentrated in these priority sites which will serve as a base for a more extensive dissemination of results to other areas. 4.2.5 Available facilities in the entire project intervention area are the same though the level of equipment varies from site to site. Most sites have hydraulic (boreholes, wells) infrastructure and health posts, literacy centres and weekly markets. Water points are inadequate in some sites and access to sites and markets is very difficult. There are difficulties in watering animals in the dry season and of marketing. The major regional livestock markets (Gaoual in Guinea and Sare Yoba in Senegal) are not fenced nor equipped. The local markets and slaughter areas have no facilities. Hygienic conditions around these facilities leave a lot to be desired. Bushfires and land conflicts hamper the smooth management of natural resources. The project area’s rural infrastructure will be improved and strengthened to remedy these inadequacies. Beyond their specific characteristic, the chosen sites in the four countries are confronting common constraints relating to : (i) extension of farmland to the detriment of rangeland and forests; (ii) frequency of bushfires which affect rangeland; and (iii) intensification of the tapping of natural resources which increasingly weakens agro/pastoral systems and degrade ecosystems. 4.2.6 Project Beneficiaries : the prime beneficiaries of the project will be the communities of stockbreeders living in the selected sites whose population, according to estimates made by the countries during the project preparation phase, is 2 314 420. This population is very unevenly distributed between the 240 localities in the four countries concerned because the sites vary in size and population density. The beneficiaries are concentrated mainly in Guinea (1 728 775 inhabitants for an area of 76 450 km²) and to a lesser extent in Mali (152 660 inhabitants for an area of 10 520 km²). The Gambia and Senegal total only 5.5% of the beneficiaries. The majority of the project beneficiaries are small low-income village producers who rather than breaking down their activities choose to view their actions from a broader perspective which takes into account the available assets and constraints faced. Hence, the operating mechanisms of family holdings focus on the combination of various activities that can be developed on the spot (agriculture, livestock breeding, fisheries, handicrafts, etc.) and activities which are carried out outside the holdings (for example, seasonal migrations). The livestock farmers of the chosen sites are relatively poorly

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organized. Women’s groups are organized around market gardening, petty trading, handicrafts, dyeing and stock-fattening. The area’s populations are according increasing importance to the breeding of small ruminants which is likely to be more easily adapted to environmental changes than cattle farming. People practicing transhumance who usually stay every so often in the project intervention sites will be involved in the implementation of local natural resource management agreements. 4.2.7 Mixed farmers in the project intervention area practice production systems characterized by extensive use of rangeland, namely the transhumant agropastoral system (SAPT) where livestock breeding is associated with agriculture dedicated essentially to subsistence food crops (millet, sorghum, maize, cowpea, etc.). This is, on average small scale, transhumance (not more than 100 km). They are two different sub-systems : (a) a mixed sub-system with a herd comprising on average 25 head of cattle, 4 sheep and 6 goats and (b) a small ruminants sub-system involving especially the disadvantaged segments and women with 8 sheep and 12 goats ; (ii) the sedentary agropastoral system (SAPS) in which the main activity is agriculture concerning both food and cash crops such as cotton and groundnuts. The key characteristic of this system is the sedentary nature of the livestock. The animals graze throughout the year near the village and are closely managed. During the dry season, the animals feed especially on harvest by-products. The average population of the mixed sub-system is 20 cattle, 2 sheep and 3 goats while the population of the small ruminants sub-system comprises 6 sheep and 8 goats; (iii) the semi-intensive agropastoral system (SAPSI) where agriculture is the main activity but farmers make relatively substantial investments in livestock production, notably in the area of food supplements for milking cows and oxen. The populations of the mixed sub-system and of small ruminants sub-system are similar to those of the previous system. The total number of the herds concerned is 108 670 broken down as follows : SAPT: 35 760 (Gambia : 580; Guinea : 27 850; Mali : 1 285; Senegal : 6 040); SAPS : 61 630 (Gambia : 1 220; Guinea : 52 400; Mali : 5 000; Senegal : 3 000); and SAPSI : 11 280 (Gambia : 0; Guinea : 11 282; Mali : 0; Senegal : 0).

4.3 Strategic Context 4.3.1 The sector goal in the four countries is to strengthen food security and reduce poverty. As part of the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals, these countries undertake to reduce poverty by 50% by 2015. In the four countries, the strategy advocates the diversification and strengthening of the agricultural economic base for subsistence farmers in rural areas, and the creation of jobs. The project objectives are consistent with the rural development strategic objectives adapted in the four countries concerned and with the Bank’s operations’ strategies in the countries. In fact, the implementation of the project will enable mixed farmers to procure more productive animals, which will lead to an improvement in the rate of coverage of food needs by local production of meat and milk, as well as an increase in monetary income. The project will thus offer rural producers the opportunity to invest in the improvement of their means of production. The project will help break the present low productive/low income spiral of agropastoral systems. 4.3.2 The project will help achieve national objectives, namely improvement of the standard of living of the rural population and reduction of poverty in rural areas, food security, job creation and support to women’s activities. It is therefore in keeping with the poverty reduction strategies of the countries and the priorities of the Bank Group’s strategic plan. The project is a regional initiative in the area of agriculture and rural development and it is consistent with the Bank’s regional integration policy and falls within the framework of NEPAD’s agricultural development and environmental protection programmes.

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4.4 Project Objectives The sector goal is to contribute to the strengthening of food security and poverty reduction in West Africa. The project objective is to preserve the biodiversity of endemic ruminant livestock and improve their productivity. 4.5 Description of Project Components 4.5.1 The major project outputs will be as follows: (i) the genetic characterization of endemic ruminant livestock (Ndama cattle and Djallonke sheep and goats) and their environment; (ii) rehabilitation and equipment of five zootechnical research stations with a view to relaunching genetic improvement programmes in the participating countries; (iii) establishment of livestock production systems within 200 village herds in order to ease access by livestock farmers to selected breeding stock; (iv) training of 15,050 livestock farmers including 8, 000 women in different domains (animal feeding, breeding management and improvement of the habitat of small ruminants); (v) development and equipment of 11 mini-dairies of a capacity of 200 to 600/day, 2 sub-regional livestock markets and 17 local livestock markets; (vi) improvement of a total of 160 km of road in the four countries to facilitate the marketing of endemic livestock and their products; (vii) preparation and implementation of land use and allocation plans, and pastoral development and community forest management plans for the 20 sites chosen; and (viii) implementation of improved farmland management systems in localities in the project intervention area. The project will implement activities in the twenty sites chosen to boost the sustainable development of endemic ruminant livestock breeding while preserving the ecosystems in which the livestock live : A. Improvement of endemic cattle production systems, B. Conservation of the natural habitat of endemic cattle, and C. Project Management COMPONENT A : IMPROVEMENT OF ENDEMIC LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION

SYSTEMS 4.5.2 The development of endemic ruminant livestock breeding will be carried out mainly through the improvement of their productivity and marketing conditions in order to increase the income of producers and further stimulate the “in situ” conservation of this herd. Sub-Component A1 : Development of Endemic Livestock Production Systems 4.5.3 To increase the productivity of endemic livestock, actions will be undertaken in the area of genetic improvement, animal health, feeding and habitat. 4.5.4 Genetic improvement will be carried out through a programme based on the principle of open nucleus selection involving village herds. The selection base will comprise village herds which will provide research stations with exceptional cows selected taking into account performance and fertility criteria. Plans have been made to carry out, in a targeted manner, the rehabilitation of equipment of zootechnical research stations (Keneba Station in Gambia, Boke and Famoila Livestock Production Support Centre (CAE) in Guinea, Madina Diassa ranch in Mali and Kolda Zootechnical Research Centre (CRZ) in Senegal) where the testing of products derived from exceptional cows will be carried out. Dissemination

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advances in genetics will be through multiplier breeding flocks in villages. About 200 flocks distributed among the 20 project sites, whose managers will receive appropriate training and supervision, will be given improved genetic material from the selection nuclei. After the open-nucleus selection, dispersed selection nuclei will be set up to reduce the risks of loss of achievements while fostering the strong involvement of agro-livestock farmers in the management of the selection programme. The project will support the emergence and/or strengthening of local organizations specialized in the development of endemic livestock like those already existing in Gambia and Mali in order to bolster the community and participatory management of selection programmes. 4.5.5 Implementation of the genetic improvement programme will be based on endemic ruminant livestock characterization studies and on the analysis of production systems (typology and functioning of livestock breeding systems, and livestock management practices at the level of sites). On the basis of an agreement which will be signed with the Regional Coordination Unit, these studies will be carried out by ILRI in collaboration with national research institutions (ITC in The Gambia, IRAG in Guinea, IER in Mali and ISRA in Senegal) which will collect from livestock farmers and analyse data on genotypes and lineages of endemic breeds and their current levels of productivity. These institutions will be responsible for preparing, from 20 village flocks per species, samples representative of different breeds for the taking of blood samples to be analysed in the laboratory. The results of the analyses will be used for identification, classification and inventory of the genetic structure of each breed: evaluation of the population numbers, analysis of the molecular genetic structure and drawing of regional distribution maps. These activities will concern the Ndama cattle as well as the Djallonke small ruminants (sheep and goats). 4.5.6 Implementation of the genetic improvement programme will be backed by an intensive training of technicians and agro-livestock farmers. In this regard, the project will support the building of ITC’s intervention capacities in the area of training. ITC will ensure the coordination of training programmes envisaged under the project. It will identify needs and prepare training plans in collaboration with national project implementation units. It will ensure : (i) the training of managerial staff and researchers of the sub-region in animal breeding; (ii) training of trainers in animal feeding, reproduction management, etc.; (iii) preparation of terms of reference for courses which will be entrusted to service providers; and (iv) evaluation of training provided in the countries. The project envisages the training in gender issues of cadres at regional and national levels. 4.5.7 The project will establish a mechanism for the regular monitoring and control of the performance of herds to be improved genetically. Data so collected will help establish a pedigree system for selected Ndama cattle and Djallonke small ruminants. An animal branding system will also be put in place, by drawing on the Guinean model in this area. After obtaining the first results from the selection, the “ex situ” conservation will then be carried out. The best stocks (elites) at regional level will be identified and the embryos produced will be preserved using the cryogenic method at the International Centre for Research and Development in The Sub-Humid Zone (CIRDES). 4.5.8 Improvement of livestock management conditions (animal health, nutrition and habitat) is one of the guarantees of success of genetic improvement programmes. To this end, the project will assist private veterinarians in the preparation of documents to facilitate their access to lines of credit provided under other projects operating in the intervention area. These private veterinarians will provide community-based services and set up medicine

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depots as needed. Other planned actions concern : (i) training of livestock assistants (70) who will be resource persons of private veterinarians as well as the training of livestock farmers (15 050 including 8 000 women) in various technical areas (food supplementation, improvement of the habitat of small ruminants, reproduction management, management of selected animals, etc.) and building of the diagnostic capacities of deconcentrated veterinary services by installing laboratory equipment. Training activities will be entrusted to service providers (NGOs, consulting firms, specialized institutions, etc.). 4.5.9 Information relating to outcomes and lessons learned from the experience of genetic improvement and improvement of production systems will be widely disseminated among mixed farmers through the organization of workshops as well as various other mediums and channels (folders, audio and video cassettes, radio broadcasts, etc.). This information and sensitization exercise will be entrusted to specialized structures (NGOs, socio-professional organizations, private consulting firms, etc.). 4.5.10 The project plans to conduct a detailed study on the economic viability and competitiveness of endemic livestock breeds. The cost-benefits analyses comparing the breeding of endemic livestock and that of Sahelian and/or exotic livestock under various socio-economic (disaggregated by gender) and ecological conditions prevailing in the project area will be carried out with the participation of the beneficiary livestock farmers. The findings of this study will help to propose incentives for the development of endemic livestock. Sub-Component A2 : Endemic Livestock Development 4.5.11 At the beginning of the project, a detailed study will be conducted to : (i) better define market constraints and opportunities for endemic livestock and livestock products at national, regional and global levels; and (ii) analyze market structures and channels at different levels. This study will propose measures for improving systems for marketing endemic ruminant livestock and livestock products, as well as a trade information flow system. 4.5.12 The project intends to equip two sub-regional livestock markets (Gaoual in Guinea and Sare Yaba in Senegal) by building a fence, constructing a loading and unloading platform, a user shed and sanitation facilities. In each of the countries, the project plans to develop 17 slaughter areas and equip 17 local livestock markets (3 to 6 depending on the country) in councils or subdivisions of the intervention area. The infrastructure will be managed by professional organizations of the livestock and meat sector and the councils. There are also plans to improve strategic road sections (160 km in total for the four countries) in order to increase access to livestock products production and processing/marketing centres. 4.5.13 The project will support the building of the capacities (organization and training) of professional organizations in the endemic livestock marketing subsector to enable them to carry out market analyses and share relevant information. Trade fairs and competition for the best animal specimens will be organized at both local and national levels to ensure the development of endemic livestock. To enable women to develop income-generating activities related to endemic livestock, the project has provided for the construction and equipment for the best organized women’s associations 11 mini-dairies (2 in the Gambia and 3 in each of the other countries) which will process milk into curdled milk, yoghurt, butter oil, etc.

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4.5.14 To supplement the development activities, measures will be taken to put in place a policy, legal and institutional environment conducive to the development of endemic livestock breeding. The project will thus endeavour to: (i) foster the participatory review of texts and preparation and/or strengthen of legislation on the management of animal genetic resources at national and sub-regional levels; (ii) back efforts to harmonize national policies on the development of endemic livestock breeding; and (iii) establish mechanisms for the management of cross-border transhumance in endemic ruminant livestock breeding areas. In this connection, the project will deploy considerable advocacy efforts with policy-makers (technical ministries, National Assembly, local representatives and operators). COMPONENT B :CONSERVATION OF THE NATURAL HABITAT OF ENDEMIC

LIVESTOCK 4.5.15 The most serious threat identified in the sites selected is the direct destruction of the forest habitats of endemic livestock due to : (i) the extension of farmland ; (ii) increasing demand for fuelwood ; and (iii) increasingly frequent uncontrolled bushfires. The project intends to encourage the development of production systems combining the breeding of endemic ruminant livestock with the sustainable tapping of natural resources. To this end, the project will in the first place carry out an evaluation of the exploitation of natural resources in the sites. These surveys on practices adopted by the population in the exploitation of natural resources will be carried out by a specialized structure under the supervision of the team responsible for coordinating the project at national level. 4.5.16 To back up the land development process in the selected sites, the project provides for the preparation of land use and allocation plans by specialized structures with the participation of the local population (including women). These plans will enable the beneficiary population to carry out, with the support of community workers, the development and management of community forests through: (i) the improvement of rangeland; (ii) the opening and marking of livestock trails (2 850 km) and (iii) opening of firebreaks (4 300 km). The project will also encourage local initiatives to control bushfires which affect large areas of forest each year and destroy pastureland. In this connection, it will develop actions aimed at organizing, sensitizing and providing expendable equipment to village committees for the control of bushfires, through local authorities, NGOs and the deconcentrated services in charge of forestry. 4.5.17 The project will also implement activities aimed at ensuring endemic livestock breeding and sustainable use of natural resources. To this end, it will support: (i) the training of agro-livestock farmers (9 850 including 5 000 women) in manure production techniques and fodder growing as well as animal draught cultivation. The project will also support the establishment of 180 ha of forage banks (30 to 60 ha depending on the country) managed by livestock farmers’ groups and intended to produce seeds for fodder growing. Plans have been made to construct and rehabilitate 24 water points (water reservoirs or boreholes depending on the areas). 4.5.18 The project will call on the deconcentrated technical services in charge of livestock and of agriculture to provide assistance to the populations in the implementation of activities related to the improvement of fodder and agricultural resources. In this connection, two intervention areas will be prioritized : (i) improvement of the management of farmland (preservation of surface water, soil protection and restoration, use of manure, development of

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animal draught cultivation, etc.; and (ii) formalization of range pasture and penning agreements, on harvest blocks, which enables livestock farmers to use crop residue as a trade-off for the penning of animals on the harvest blocks. Producers’ organizations will be responsible for these activities, together with deconcentrated technical services in charge of agriculture and livestock. 4.5.19 To take advantage of the new opportunities offered by decentralization (participatory and equitable management of natural resources), the project will encourage the preparation and implementation of local regulations on the management of natural resources. In this regard, it will place emphasis on : (i) mastery by grass-roots communities of laws relating to the use of pastureland and transhumance in the areas where endemic livestock have their habitats; (ii) building the capacities of institutions responsible for natural resource management at the level of the site; and (iii) adoption and implementation of local NRM conventions. To successfully carry out these activities, the project will mobilize national research institutions, the local communities concerned and NGOs specialized in the area of pastoralism and land management. 4.5.20 An analysis of the population’s needs in terms of capacity building in natural resource management (NRM) will make for the design of well-targeted intervention strategies. The capacity building process will draw on practical experiences in the development of the following decentralized natural resource management tools : land use and allocation plans, community forests management plans and local natural resources management (NRM) conventions which will allow for a better management of the stay of transhumant livestock in the sub-humid zone where endemic livestock reside. To enable grass-roots communities to acquire such tools, the service of structures specialized in the areas of forest inventory and village plot establishment (demarcation of land use capacity and land use types) will be enlisted. COMPONENT C : PROJECT MANAGEMENT 4.5.21 At regional level, a Coordination Unit will be set up. It will be located at ITC (Banjul) and comprise a regional coordinator, an assistant coordinator, an administrative and financial assistant, an accountant, a translator, two information and communication and monitoring/evaluation experts, as well as support staff. National Implementation Units (NIU) will be set up in the countries. Each unit will comprise a National Coordinator, four animal production, information and marketing, environmental and monitoring/evaluation experts, an administrative and financial assistant, a secretary, two drivers and two watchmen. At each of the chosen sites, the team will be composed of a Site Manager, two technicians (animal production and natural resource management) and three extension workers. The coordinators and experts will be recruited through a call for bidders on the basis of a short list. The project will procure vehicles, data processing equipment, and office furniture and equipment needed for each structure. The project will be responsible for the recruitment of consulting firms for the annual auditing of project accounts, establishment of a monitoring and evaluation system, mid-term review and post evaluation of the project. 4.6 Production, Markets and Prices 4.6.1 Production : total meat production by endemic livestock in all sites of the four countries is currently estimated at 46 460 live tonnes including 38 550 tonnes for cattle and 7 910 tonnes for small ruminants, that is 83% and 17% of total production, respectively. Total production at the end of the project (6th year) is estimated at 64 170 tonnes. Additional production of the project is evaluated at 17 710 live tonnes. The additional production

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represents an increase of 38%. Considering the poor milk production aptitude of small ruminants of the Djallonke breed, the milk production of endemic livestock is exclusively by cattle. This production which is currently estimated at 93 000 litres will stand at 136 400 litres in 2011, representing an increase of 43.400 litres (47 %). 4.6.2 Markets : none of the countries concerned completely covers its needs in animal protein by national production. The gap is generally filled by imports of poultry and pork products. The situation is even more striking as regards milk. For example, Senegal imports each year huge quantities of milk to satisfy two-thirds of its needs, which represents an expenditure of about CFAF 35 billion. The additional production of the project will therefore be absorbed very easily by the markets of the respective countries. Moreover, at the level of the sub-region, there is an increasing demand for Ndama selected genitors to improve livestock productivity. A part of the project’s production could thus be marketed in other African countries. Actions planned under the project, particularly those aimed at the development of endemic livestock and trade information flow will help remove the current bottlenecks to marketing. Project interventions will concern both collection and regrouping markets located in each of the countries, as well as sub-regional markets (Gaoual in Guinea and Saré Yoba in Senegal), which will allow for the revitalization of internal and cross-border endemic livestock trade flows. 4.6.3 Prices: current market prices are, on average, CFAF 500 per live kg of beef, CFAF 700 per live kg of mutton and CFAF 500 per live kg of goat meat. The price of milk varies widely depending on the season : CFAF 150 per litre in the rainy season and CFAF 250 in the dry season, on average. The marketing problems encountered in the rainy season because of the high level of supply will be increasingly remedied with the establishment of mini-dairies. This will help guarantee profitable prices to producers. Moreover, livestock farmers are complaining about the fact that the price of Ndama beef is much lower than the price of zebu and grade livestock on the livestock markets. Such information must be relativized by comparing the price of the animal with its live weight. The major obstacle lies in the low level of information on supply and demand at both the national and regional levels. The project will help remove this obstacle.

4.7 Environmental Impact 4.7.1 Positive Impacts: the project is classified in environmental category II. Its potential impacts on the natural environment will be mitigated and/or optimized within the framework of implementation of the environmental and social management plan (ESMP) summarized in Annex 3 of this report. Natural resource development and management activities will help restore degraded ecosystems and thus conserve the habitat of endemic ruminant livestock. The co-management of classified forests and preparation of land use and allocation plans, village forests management plans and local NRM conventions will enable rural communities of the project area to actually take responsibility for the management of their natural resources. On the socioeconomic front, improvement of the productivity of farming systems, the diversification of crops and the development of endemic-livestock breeding through the construction or development of slaughter areas, mini-dairies and sub-regional and local livestock markets, will contribute to reducing nutritional deficit and increasing the income of mixed farmers. The development of the breeding of small ruminants and construction of mini-dairies will have a positive impact on the living conditions of women. Lastly, better knowledge of the genetic characteristics of endemic livestock together with adequate zoosanitary monitoring for their continued improvement will help increase their performance and sustain and consolidate their trypanotolerance.

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4.7.2 Potential Negative Impacts: the favourable conditions which will be created by the project in the intervention area could attract other farmers in search of fertile land. The arrival of such migrants could result in increased pressure on land and extensive clearing for agricultural purposes. There could also be a massive influx of transhumant flocks attracted by the availability of water resources, effective protection of pastureland against bushfires in the dry season as well as the possibilities of appreciation in the commercial value of livestock and livestock products that will result from the project. Such transhumant influx could lead to overexploitation of tree fodder as well as a multiplication of conflicts between local mixed farmers and transhumant pastoralists. Apart from competition for access to strategic natural resources such as marshy grazing lands and water points, the presence of transhumants may result in undesirable multiplication of crossbreeding between endemic livestock and foreign animals and the introduction of other diseases as transhumant animals are not necessarily provided with medical care. This could ruin the genetic improvement efforts undertaken in the rural areas. The concentration of animals in the project area could have a destructive effect on vegetation around water points and migration areas, worsening of the phenomena of soil erosion because of clearing and excessive treading. Furthermore, implementation of local NRM conventions, by changing the usual conditions of land and water use, could cause social conflicts as a result of rivalry between users and owners of land and water and some local communities may view that as another constraint on access to natural resources such as fuelwood and game. The construction or rehabilitation of sub-regional and local markets, which will create conditions for contact between many livestock farmers, will increase the risks of transmission of sexually transmitted infections, and the development and spread of zoonoses. Lastly, there may be risks of failure related to the poor conduct of genetic improvement operations and open nucleus dissemination operations if there were no rigour in the selection. 4.7.3 Mitigating Measures. Measures recommended to check the process of annexation of space by agriculture place emphasis on two complementary approaches, namely the zoning of space by local land management structures and the local implementation of regulations intended to conserve reserved lands. The promotion of mixed farming systems will be based on: (i) improvement of pastoral resources (prohibition of grazing and improvement of rangeland through oversowing and utilization of controlled fires); (ii) better management of farmland (water and soil conservation; and intensification of farming); and (iii) closer integration of agriculture and livestock breeding to ensure the recycling of nutrients for the restoration soil fertility with animal organic waste. Planning and adoption of rangeland management strategies by the choice of plant species, number of animals and grazing areas will minimize negative impacts on wildlife. This will apply to the establishment of nature reserves which will compensate for areas used and will preserve migration corridors for animals, the adoption of appropriate agroforestry techniques for maintaining anti-erosive strips of vegetation by using nitrogen-fixing and fodder-producing plant species. 4.7.4 With a view to ensuring a better control of transhumance flows, there are plans to establish a mechanism for integrating transhumants into the areas that receive them. In this respect, the dates of arrival and departure of transhumants, the itinerary to be followed, the places of settlement, requirements in terms of the supervision of herds etc. will be determined each year through a negotiating process. In fact, the aim is to define the conditions of stay in endemic livestock areas. To remedy all risks of overexploitation of natural resources, village communities will be responsible for the implementation of community forests management plans by integrating them into a more comprehensive village land management process.

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They will use, among other things, seasonal grazing techniques and/or techniques based on space-time rotation. Such initiatives will contribute to the strengthening of the zoning system which is intended to foster increased integration of productive activities into the area and reduce potential conflicts between transhumants and the indigenous people. The project will ensure that certain specific groups, in particular women, will not be excluded from decision-making processes relating to the distribution of income to men and women on the basis of their respective level of involvement in the development of the livestock sector. As the risk of transmission of diseases between animals and between animals and humans (zoonoses) is a reality, the project will strengthen actions to ensure appropriate care for sick animals and the organization of vaccination campaigns for the prevention of recurrent diseases. The project will call on AIDS-control programmes to try to curb the risks of the disease around markets and worksites. To ensure the success of the Ndama breed improvement activities, agreements will be concluded between stakeholders during the conduct of selection, multiplication and dissemination operations of pure breeds of endemic livestock. 4.7.5 Environmental Monitoring: the Regional Coordination Unit (RCU) will establish, in consultation with National Implementation Units (NIU), an environmental monitoring system to oversee the implementation of measures to mitigate the negative impacts and to assess the effectiveness of the said measures. The results of such monitoring will help, if need be, to rectify cases of inadequacies noted during the implementation of activities using appropriate preventive, corrective or compensatory measures. At project start-up, a study will be carried out on the 20 sites (5 per country) to precisely define specific indicators to be taken into account in the ESMP in order to assess the impact of mitigating measures. 4.7.6 From the internal standpoint, environmental and social monitoring will be an integral part of evaluation activities and reports thereon will be regularly transmitted to the national structures in charge of environmental monitoring, which will ensure the external monitoring of the project. They are the Ecological Monitoring Centre (CSE) of Senegal, the National Environmental Monitoring and Observation Centre (CNOSE) of Guinea, the STP/CIGQE of Mali and the Gambia National Environment Agency (NEA). A budgetary allocation of US$ 510,000 is earmarked for the implementation of environmental monitoring activities. 4.8 Project Costs The total project cost, net of taxes and customs duties, has been estimated at US$ 41.92 million, or UA 28.71 million. This cost is broken down into US$ 26.85 million in foreign exchange (UA 18.29 million) and US$ 15.07 million in local currency (UA 10.32 million). Costs have been estimated on the basis of unit costs of similar works carried out in the countries concerned. An average 7% physical contingency cost has been applied to all basic costs, with the exception of personnel costs. An estimated 3% price contingency for the duration of the project has been applied to all components for local and international price escalation. Tables 4.1 and 4.2 below give a summary of estimated project costs by component and by category. Detailed project costs are provided in Annex 4.

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Table 4.1: Summary of Estimated Project Cost by Component

US$ thousand UA thousand COMPONENT L.C F.E Total L.C F.E Total

% FE

Improvement of production systems 7 931.30 13 302.39 21 233.69 5 433.00 9 112.22 14 545.22 63Conservation of natural habitat 2 711.60 5 726.90 8 438.50 1 857.46 3 922.97 5 780.43 68Project management 2 494.90 4 643.90 7 138.80 1 709.02 3 181.10 4 890.12 65TOTAL BASE COSTS 13 137.80 23 673.19 36 810.99 8 999.48 16 216.29 25 215.77 64Physical contingencies (7%) 571.63 1 165.51 1 737.14 391.57 798.38 1 189.95 67Price contingency (3% ) 1 365.98 2 006.40 3 372.38 935.71 1 374.40 2 310.11 59TOTAL 15 075.41 26 845.10 41 920.51 10 326.76 18 389.07 28 715.83 64

Table 4.2: Summary of Project Cost by Category of Expenditure US$ thousand UA thousand

CATEGORY OF EXPENDITURE L.C F.E Total L.C F.E Total % F.C

Works 3 058.00 6 957.00 10 015.00 2 094.75 4 765.58 6 860.33 69 Goods 132.00 3 207.85 3 339.85 90.42 2 197.40 2 287.82 96 Services 4 124.25 12 339.96 16 464.21 2 825.14 8 452.96 11 278.10 75 Staff costs 2 877.30 265 3 142.30 1 970.97 181.53 2 152.50 8 Operating cost 1 946.25 903.38 2 849.63 1 333.19 618.82 1 952.01 32 Miscellaneous 1 000.00 0 1 000.00 685.01 0 685.01 0 Total BASE COSTS 13 137.80 23 673.19 36 810.99 8 999.48 16 216.29 25 215.77 64 Physical contingencies (7%) 571.63 1 165.51 1 737.14 391.57 798.38 1 189.95 67 Price contingency (3% ) 1 365.98 2 006.40 3 372.38 935.71 1 374.40 2 310.11 59

Total 15 075.41 26 845.10 41 920.51 10 326.76 18 389.07 28 71.83 64

4.9 Sources of Finance and Expenditure Schedule 4.9.1 The project will be financed by the ADF (grant and loan), the GEF, the Governments of the participating countries, the ILRI and the ITC as shown in Table 4.3 below:

Table 4.3: Summary of Project Cost Estimates by Source of Finance

US$ thousand UA thousand SOURCE L.C F.E Total L.C. F.E Total % F.E. % Total

GEF 3 131.69 4 140.63 7 272.32 2 14.23 2 836.36 4 981.59 56.94% 17.35%ADB Grant 3 483.47 11 468.89 14 952.36 2 386.20 7 856.26 10 242.46 76.70% 35.67%ADF Loan 3 717.31 10 527.29 14 244.60 2 546.38 7 211.26 9 757.64 73.90% 33.98%GVT The Gambia 987.24 36.28 1 023.52 676.26 24.85 701.11 3.54% 2.44%GVT Guinea 1 259.64 145.46 1 405.10 862.86 99.64 962.50 10.35% 3.35%GVT Mali 1 283.53 90.87 1 374.40 87923 62.25 941.48 6.61% 3.28%GVT Senegal 1 057.49 90.87 1 148.36 724.39 62.25 786.64 7.91% 2.74%ITC 137.41 186.11 323.52 94.13 127.49 221.62 57.53% 0.77%IILRI 17.63 158.70 176.33 12.08 108.71 120.79 90.00% 0.42%

TOTAL 15 075.41 26 845.10 41 920.51 10 326.76 18 389.07 28 715.83 64.04% 100.00%

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4.9.2 The ADF loan amounts to UA 9.76 million or about 33.98% of total project cost net of taxes and duties. The ADF loan contribution represents 73.90% of the foreign exchange costs and 26.10% of local currency costs. The ADF’s contribution in local currency represents 8.86% of total project cost. The ADF grant amounts to UA10.24 million or 35.67% of the project cost. This contribution represents 76.70% of the foreign exchange costs and 23.3% of local currency costs. The ADF grant’s contribution to local currency costs represents 8.30% of total project cost. The GEF’s contribution stands at UA 4.98 million or 17.35% of the total project cost or US$ 7.27 million. In July 2004, the GEF granted financing of US$ 10.49 million covering a period of 10 years. The Government’s contribution, net of taxes, amounts to US$ 4.95 million (UA 3.39 million). This contribution of the countries represents 11.81% of the project cost. It comprises national staff salaries, provision of infrastructure (office, zootechnical research centre), the operation of zootechnical research centres, organization of trade fairs and competitions as well as a part of the operating costs of the project implementation bodies. 4.9.3 The expenditure schedule by component is shown in Table 4.5 below:

Table 4.4: Expenditure Schedule by Component (UA thousand)

COMPONENT 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total L.C F.E Improvement of production systems 3 758.50 5 313.91 3 461.47 2 043.10 1 057.77 958.23 16 592.98 6 244.19 10 348.79Conservation of natural habitat 832.98 1 822.46 1 767.41 1 691.74 297.16 306.07 6 717.82 2 185.48 4 532.34Project management 1 063.84 888.20 802.57 872.90 851.45 926.07 5 405.03 1 897.09 3 507.94

TOTAL COST 5 655.32 8 024.57 6 031.45 4 607.74 2 206.38 2 190.37 28 715.83 10 326.76 18 389.07 4.9.4 The expenditure schedule by source of finance is shown in Table 4.6 below:

Table 4.5 : Expenditure Schedule by Source of Finance (UA thousand)

SOURCE 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total %

GEF 1 184.76 1 046.69 921.76 619.44 595.54 613.40 4 981.59 17.3ADF Grant 2 540.33 2 725.57 2 315.87 1 538.15 561.46 561.09 10 242.47 35.7ADF Loan 1 528.91 3 472.40 2 176.81 1 832.22 403.38 343.94 9 757.66 34.0GVT Gambia 40.89 102.65 153.26 128.72 134.96 140.64 701.12 2.4GVT Guinea 41.95 189.28 170.40 179.37 187.13 194.38 962.51 3.4GVT Mali 63.54 285.38 137.24 145.21 151.95 158.15 941.47 3.3GVT Senegal 40.89 153.19 137.24 145.21 151.95 158.15 786.63 2.7ILRI 120.79 - - - - - 120.79 0.4ITC 93.26 49.42 18.87 19.42 20.01 20.61 221.59 0.8

Total 5 655.32 8 024.58 6 031.45 4 607.74 2 206.38 2 190.36 28 715.83 100 4.9.5 The breakdown of expenditure by category and by source of finance is shown in Annex 4.

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5. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION 5.1 Executing Agency 5.1.1 At regional level, a Regional Coordination Unit (RCU) will be responsible for technical coordination, monitoring of the implementation as well as the financial and accounting management of the project regarding both the GEF component and the Bank-funded component. The Regional Coordination Unit will be based at the ITC headquarters in Banjul where it will be provided with offices for the needs of the project. The RCU will comprise, on a full-time basis, the following: (i) a regional coordinator in charge of the overall supervision of the project; (ii) an assistant regional coordinator; and (iii) an administrative and financial assistant. This team will be completed by a monitoring and evaluation expert. The regional coordinator will report on his/her activities to the ITC General Manager. The coordinator and his/her assistant must be perfectly bilingual. The coordinators and experts will be recruited following an invitation of candidatures the terms of reference of which shall be approved by the Bank and GEF. The profiles of the coordinators and experts are presented in Annex A of volume 2. 5.1.2 At national level, a National Implementation Unit (NIU) will be set up in each country. It will be located within the ministry in charge of livestock. This unit will be placed under the supervisory authority of the Directorate of Livestock which will be responsible for the facilitation of administrative procedures with the different structures involved in the implementation of the Project (ministries, technical directorates, research structures, etc.). The unit will be managed by a national coordinator responsible for the implementation of all planned activities at national level and will comprise in addition: (i) an animal production expert; (ii) a livestock information and marketing expert; (iii) a natural resource management (NRM) expert; (iv) a monitoring and evaluation expert; (v) an administrative and financial assistant; (vi) a secretary; and (vii) two drivers. 5.1.3 The 5 country sites will comprise a site manager who will be assisted by two government officials, one in charge of animal production and the other responsible for the management of natural resources. The animal production expert will be responsible for gender issues. The team of three extension workers will include a woman. These workers will be chosen preferably from among staff already serving in the project area. The mechanism put in place at the level of each site will be completed by a team of three community workers one of whom will be specifically in charge of the supervision of women and vulnerable groups. 5.1.4 The regional coordinator and national coordinators will sign respectively with the ITC and the respective supervisory ministries a performance contract the terms of which shall be approved beforehand by the ADF. A number of key indicators will be included in this contract, notably: respect of the annual schedule; the quality and compliance of procurement and disbursement documents; the physical implementation rate; the disbursement rate; submission within the time limit of progress and audit reports; implementation of the recommendations of supervision missions and auditors; quality of financial management; and diligent implementation of the participatory approach, etc.

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5.2 Institutional Arrangements 5.2.1 Considering the regional dimension of the project, supervision and coordination will be carried out at several levels. The organization chart for implementation comprises (i) a regional steering committee, and (ii) a national steering committee. The organization chart of the project is shown in Annex 2. 5.2.2 The Regional Steering Committee (RSC) will be entrusted with policy and decision making powers. It will supervise the implementation of the different components of the project and propose, if need be, a readjustment of activities. It will meet once a year and will be responsible for the coordination of administrative, financial, operational and monitoring issues as well as the smooth implementation of the project and assessment of its impact in relation to the set objectives. It will examine the consolidated programmes and budgets of the project and ensure their coherence. The RSC will comprise a Representative of each of the States, the RCU and NIUs and a number of partner institutions (UNDP country offices, ITC, ILRI, CIRDES, FAO etc.). The National Steering Committee (NSC) will bring together representatives of the different ministries and national bodies involved in the project, namely the country representation of UNDP, NIU, ministries in charge of finance, livestock and the environment, research centres, the country coordination office of FAO for animal genetic resources, representatives of pilot sites, associations of livestock breeders and traders, women’s associations and NGOs intervening in nature conservation. The National Steering Committee will meet once a year and will be responsible for monitoring implementation of the project as well as for considering and approving the work programme and annual budget. It will, where necessary, propose corrective measures for the implementation of the project. The NSC will also be responsible for: (i) prioritizing project activities; (ii) encouraging synergy with grass-roots activities at the level of the sites; (iii) stimulating community participation in project activities; and (iv) ensuring the participatory evaluation of project activities. The project will work in partnership and synergy with government services of the countries, national research systems, international research centres (ILRI and CIRDES), agro-livestock breeder associations and NGOs. The Governments of the countries will earmark sufficient resources for the smooth functioning of the project’s genetic improvement centres. 5.3 Implementation and Supervision Schedules

5.3.1 The Bank will regularly supervise the project on the ground. It will also ensure continued documentary supervision and consider documents on request for proposals, bidding documents, reports and requests for disbursement. The RCU and NIU will ensure, each in its own sphere, the supervision of all project activities, including those which will be implemented by consultants and partner institutions. During project supervision, some key indicators will be monitored including: (i) percentage of the reduction in crossbreeding between endemic ruminant livestock breeds and exotic breeds; (ii) percentage of the reduction in endemic ruminant livestock habitat surface areas converted into farmland and/or degraded (iii) the percentage of community genetic improvement programmes put in place per species; and (iv) the percentage of agro-livestock breeders participating in community resource management programmes. 5.3.2 Project activities will be implemented over a period of 6 years as concerns the Bank and 10 years in the case of GEF which plans to start operational activities in the countries at the beginning of the first half of 2006 and to set up the various project units in collaboration with the Bank. The RCU and NIUs shall prepare the programme of work and budget of the first year as well as draft bidding documents for the procurement of goods and services necessary for project start-up.

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Table 5.1: Implementation Schedule

Chapter Activity Responsibility Deadline Duration

A Administration A.1 Approval by the ADF Board of Directors ADF Dec. 2005 A.2 Signature of ADF loan agreement/grant ADF March 2006

A.3 Effectiveness of loan/grant ADF /Countries/ITC June 2006

A.4 Publication of general procurement notice RCU/Countries June 2006 A.5 Project implementation ADF/ITC/RCU July 2006 6 years A.6 Mid-term review ADF/ITC/Countries Sept. 2009 2 months A.7 Post-implementation review ADF/ITC/Countries Sept. 2012 2 months A.8 Project completion report ADF/ITC/Countries Dec.2012 3 months

B Project Coordination and Management B.1 Launching mission ADF/ITC/UNDP July 2006 7 days

B.2 Establishment of Regional Coordination Unit and National Implementation Units

ITC/ Countries/GEF Feb. 2006 3 months

C Equipment and Materials C.1 Submission of first draft of bidding documents (BDs) RCU/NIU August 2006 C.2 Approval of draft BDs ADF August 2006 C.3 Approval of contracts and supply of equipment ADF Jan. 2007 3 months

D Works D.1 Submission of first draft BDs RCU/NIU Sept 2006 D.2 Approval of draft BDs ADF Sept 2006 D.3 Approval of contracts and execution of works ITC/RCU/NIU Jan. 2007 4 years

E Consultancy Services E.1 Submission of TOR of studies and draft agreements RCU/NIU August 2006 E.2 Submission of TOR/draft agreements with partner structures ITC/Countries August 2006 E.3 Approval of TOR ADF August 2006 E.4 Award and execution of contracts ITC/Countries/RCU Jan. 2007 3 years

F Project Audit F.1 Submission BDs and short list of audit firms RCU Sept 2006 F.2 Approval of BDs and short list ADF Jan. 2007 F.3 Approval of bid examination report ADF May 2007

F.4 Award of contracts and implementation of audit missions RCU June. 2007 2 months/years

5.4 Procurement Arrangements 5.4.1 All procurements of goods, works and services financed by the Bank will be in accordance with the Bank’s Rules of Procedure for the Procurement of Goods and Works or, as appropriate, the Rules of Procedure for the Use of Consultants, using the appropriate Bank standard bidding documents. Procurement arrangements are summarized in Table 5.2 below.

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Table 5.2: Procurement Arrangements (UA thousand)

UA Thousand

ADF FINANCING

EXPENDITURE CATEGORIES

ICB NCB OTHERS SL

GEF GVTS ITC CIRDES TOTAL

CIVIL WORKS 1 922.77 4 937,76 - - - 1 080.25 - - 7 940.78

Community livestock farming infrastructure 432,62 432.62

Selection Centres’ infrastructure 622,83 622.83

Community RM infrastructure 429,52 830.48 1 260.00

Construction of water points and roads 1 922.77 1 922.77

Marketing and processing infrastructure 3 452,79 249.77 3 702.56

GOODS 61.46 - 1 631.24 - 155.22 92.67 - - 2 498.59

Laboratory equipment 309.93 309.93

Equipment of community land 526.47 92.67 619.14

Office equipment 67.03 84.67 151.70

Equipment of selection centres 309.53 309.53

Vehicles and tractors 393.35 393.35

Motorbikes 326.82 326.82

Technician’s field equipment 60.40 60.40

Data processing equipment 101.95 56.44 158.39

Communication equipment 155.22 14.11 169.33

SERVICES - - 1 776.83 7 633,51 3 170.30 - 120.79 155.42 12 856.85

Various studies and surveys 1 736,78 895.37 120.79 31.10 2 784.04

Laboratory studies 746.71 746.71

Consultancy services 1 938,05 808.52 2 746.57

Research & Development 634.83 634.83

Communication/information activities 330.27 265.49 48.83 644.59

Training of communities 239.72 3 902,65 4 142.37

Training of technicians 572.01 56,03 454.21 75.49 1 157.74

STAFF SALARIES - - 316.28 - 1 382.22 700.57 - - 2 399.07

Regional staff 25.27 37.90 63.17

National staff 151.60 121.25 272.85

Local staff 7.06 950.01 161.72 1 118.79

Regional meetings 132.35 132.35

National meetings 166.12 321.76 487.88

Local meetings 228.19 95.84 324.03

OPERATING COSTS - - 1 162.25 - 273.83 692.60 - 66.18 2 194.86

Office supplies 208.37 91.28 299.65

Maintenance of vehicles and equipment 677.44 198.80 876.24

Maintenance of data processing equipment and communication costs

100.40 73.02 34.23 207.65

Hiring of office and water/electricity costs 109.53 493.80 31.95 635.28

Workshops 176.04 176.04

MISCELLANEOUS - - - - - 825.68 - - 825.68

Miscellaneous (trade fairs, markets) 825.68 825.68

TOTAL BASE COSTS 2 542.23 (2 542.23)

4 937.76 (4 937.76)

4 886.60 (4 886.60)

7 633.51 (7 633.51)

4 981.57 -

3 391.77 -

120.79 -

221.60 -

28 715.83 (20 000)

N.B.: OTHERS = Negotiated contracts, local shopping (LS) and limited international bidding (limited IB) SL = Short list

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5.4.2. The national laws and regulations governing procurement in the beneficiary countries were examined and considered acceptable. The Regional Coordination Unit (RCU) of the project will be responsible for approval of works, goods and services contracts. The resources, capacity, expertise and experience of the Services Centre of UNDP-Mali will be used to assist the project in certain procurements. The procurement of works, goods and services will be carried out as follows: (i) Works: international competitive bidding for the construction of water points (boreholes, water reservoirs and pastoral wells) for a total amount of about UA 1.92 million. National competitive bidding for community livestock farming infrastructure works (UA 0.43 million), rehabilitation of infrastructure of selection centres (UA 0.62 million), community NRM infrastructure (UA 0.43 million) and community market access and processing infrastructure for a total amount of UA 3.45 million broken down into several contracts of a maximum amount of UA 0.86 million relating to the improvement of access roads, development of slaughter areas, construction and equipment of milk processing units and livestock markets and shares in each of the countries and per site. (ii) Goods: international competitive bidding for procurement of laboratory equipment (UA 0.31 million) and selection centres for an amount not exceeding UA 0.31 million. Others: local shopping for procurement of equipment for identification of endemic livestock, processing for a total amount of UA 0.53 million broken down into several contracts and into four lots in the countries, vehicles and tractors (UA 0.39 million) in five contracts, motorbikes (UA 0.32 million) in four contracts, expenditure laboratory equipment and field equipment (UA 0.06 million), data processing equipment (UA 10.10 million), sundry office furniture and equipment, expendable bushfire control equipment and communication equipment (UA 0.15 million). These procurement methods have been chosen because competition can be ensured thanks to a sufficient number of qualified local suppliers and representatives of foreign suppliers in order to guarantee competitive prices. (iii) Services : shopping on the basis of a short list (a) for consultancy services, recruitment of experts, a part of community training activities, conduct of some studies and surveys, establishment of the accounting system and auditing services of project accounts, study on the preparation and establishment of a monitoring/evaluation system, and project outputs evaluation studies; for these procurements, the bid evaluation method is based on the comparability of technical bids with price considerations. Supplies and services on a small scale (less than UA 350 000) could be procured on the basis of short lists of NGOs and consulting firms following a specific notice at national and regional levels. These include the recruitment of consulting firms for studies and control of works relating to the construction of infrastructure, mid-term and post project evaluation studies, conduct of research/development activities and a part of training activities. Others: the project will interest specialized and experienced national and sub-regional bodies for tasks within their jurisdiction. These are: (i) the ITC (study on the typology and functioning of livestock farming systems, study on the competitiveness of endemic livestock : comparative cost/benefit analysis, training of trainers and training of researchers for a maximum amount of UA 0.34 million); (ii) ILRI (genetic characterization analysis for a maximum amount of UA 0.59 million with GEF financing); and (iii) CIRDES (study on adapted information dissemination systems, cryogenic conservation and training in molecular genetics for a maximum amount of UA 0.29 million. These specialized sub-regional bodies will work at the level of the countries with the assistance of agronomic research institutes, veterinary

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research laboratories, institutions or agencies in charge of natural resource management, environmental monitoring centres, academic institutions, and agencies and associations responsible for the marketing of livestock. (iv) Operating goods: Others: LS for procurement of office supplies and consumables in several contracts of an amount less than UA 20 000. This procurement method is chosen because competition could be ensured thanks to a sufficient number of local suppliers. Procedures acceptable to the Bank will be used to procure operating and maintenance services, including expenses relating to rental and management of project offices, operating and maintenance of means of transport, materials and equipment, participation at meetings and workshops, travelling expenses of staff responsible for project monitoring, as well as travelling expenses of mixed farmers visiting project sites. 5.4.3 The text of a General Procurement Notice will be agreed with the beneficiary countries during loan agreement negotiations and will be issued for publication in Development Business upon approval by the Board of Directors of the Bank of the loans and grants proposal. The following documents will be submitted for review and approval by the Bank before publication: (i) specific procurement notice; (ii) bidding documents; (iii) bid evaluation reports and reports on evaluation of consultants’ proposals, including recommendations for contract award; and (iv) draft contracts, where these have been amended from the drafts included in the bidding documents. 5.4.4 Executing Agency: the ITC and respective ministries in each participating country have experience in the implementation of projects financed by the ADF. Consequently, each of them has staff with adequate experience in the preparation and processing of procurement documents, as well as in the management of procurement–related issues. They are also conversant with ADF Rules of Procedure for Procurement of Goods, Works and Services. NIUs in each country will be in charge of managing the project. They will have the requisite experience in the management of financial issues involving the ADF, including issues relating to the procurement of goods, service, and works and to disbursement. Such experience will be strengthened during project implementation by periodic training provided by the Bank at national and regional levels. 5.5 Disbursement Arrangements Settlement of expenses relating to services provided by consultants, enterprises and suppliers will be by direct payment in accordance with relevant Bank rules. Concerning Bank financing granted to the project, operating costs and all expenses below UA 20 000 will be disbursed by the ADF into a revolving account. Each of the four countries will open a special account into which ADF funds will be deposited. At regional level, the RCU will also open a special account in a bank considered acceptable to the ADF. The ADF will replenish the special account upon presentation by the RCU of expenditure supporting documents of at least 50% of the previous transfer. Submission of evidence of opening of the various accounts will be a condition precedent to the first loan/grant disbursement. 5.6 Monitoring and Evaluation 5.6.1 Internal monitoring and evaluation of project activities, and indicators defined at the level of the project logical framework matrix, will be carried out by the RCU and NIUs which will recruit monitoring/evaluation experts who will also be responsible for the

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coordination of environmental monitoring. At operation level, the aim of internal monitoring and evaluation of project activities will be to ensure a perfect mastery of parameters relating to the recruitment of operators, establishment of partnerships and provision of services in a bid to adhere to the provisional schedule as closely as possible. The system will help identify, plan and monitor regularly all unit tasks necessary for the implementation of each activity. Monitoring will also help ensure the optimal utilization of the project’s financial, material and human resources. A quarterly evaluation of project performance will be carried out and transmitted to the Bank together with the status report. 5.6.2 The project will enlist the services of a consulting firm to design and computerize an information and management system. The system should comprise all relevant information disaggregated into type for monitoring project implementation and tracking the key performance indicators. The consulting firm will train experts to enable them to master the proposed system and to provide support in the form of periodic short-term missions. Internal monitoring and evaluation to be carried out will be in two forms: (i) a physical and financial monitoring of project activities and (ii) an assessment of the impacts of the project on beneficiaries and the environment. Physical and financial monitoring will be conducted by component and by category of project expenditure, as well as by source of finance. The assessment of project impacts on beneficiaries will be carried out on the basis of a scale of relevant and accepted indicators. At project start-up, a study to establish the baseline case and define project impact monitoring indicators is expected to be carried out. 5.6.3 External monitoring and evaluation will be ensured by the ministries in charge of livestock and environment in each country at the rate of two missions per year. After each mission, a report will be prepared and forwarded to the Bank and to the Regional Steering Committee. The project will also be supervised by the Bank (at least 1.5 missions annually). A joint Bank/GEF supervision mission will be organized each year. This monitoring system will be complemented by the support of the Bank’s regional and national representations or offices. 5.6.4 The mid-term review, which will take into consideration environmental and social monitoring, will be conducted at the end of the third year of implementation of the project by a consulting firm. The review will outline, with respect to the objectives set, the outcomes and impacts of the project and the necessary adjustments. The conclusions and recommendations of this evaluation will be validated by national workshops and by a sub-regional workshop. 5.6.5 The RCU and NIUs will present quarterly and annual reports on the status of implementation of the project, in accordance with the Bank format. These reports will outline the physical progress made, as well as procurements and the level of expenditure execution. The various partners intervening as technical operators in the implementation of components of the project will submit periodic reports to the implementation units. At the end of the project, the Governments of the four countries and the RCU will prepare completion reports according to the prescribed format and submit them to the Bank. The Bank will organize its own completion mission to evaluate the outputs of the project and draw lessons for the future.

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5.7 Financial Reporting and Auditing The project accounts will be kept by the administrative and financial assistants of the RCU and NIUs using internationally accepted accounting standards. They will keep separate accounting records clearly showing all operations financed by the ADF and the other donors. At project start-up, a consulting firm will be recruited to: (i) prepare a manual of administrative, accounting and financial procedures, and (ii) put in place a computerized financial management system for monitoring and controlling expenditure. In addition, an international auditing firm will be recruited to audit, in accordance with international auditing standards, the accounts of the project and correspondent banks once every year. The audit reports will be submitted to the Governments and the ADF within six months following the end of the fiscal year concerned, failing which disbursements will be suspended. 5.8 Aid Coordination During project identification, preparation and appraisal, meetings were held with donor bodies concerned with the issue of sustainable management of endemic ruminant livestock in semi-humid areas in West Africa, namely the GEF, ITC, ILRI and CIRDES. These meetings were aimed at ascertaining the complementarity and synergy to be developed with institutions so as to avoid overlapping between the proposed activities and those of other projects underway or envisaged in each of the countries concerned. The project is complementary and takes account of activities envisaged by ongoing projects such as the creation of sustainably Tsetse-Fly-Freed Areas in East and West Africa, the OMVG Natural Resource Development and Management Project, the Joint Livestock Research and Development Project (PROCORDEL) and other national projects. Working sessions were organized with the lead partners of the countries (EU, USAID, FAO, French, German and Swiss Cooperation, etc.) in the livestock area. The ITC which will host the Regional Coordination Unit is a good platform for coordination of the various partners considering: (i) its geographical position in relation to the project intervention area; (ii) its experience in the implementation of research activities related to the management of endemic ruminant livestock; and (iii) its tradition of cooperation with Governments and national and sub-regional research institutions. There are donor coordination and intervention mechanisms in each of the four countries, which will facilitate articulation between the project activities and those of other projects. The Bank’s regional representation in Dakar and national representation in Bamako will participate in such coordination. At the international level, ILRI is preparing, with GEF-UNEP financing, a similar multinational indigenous-livestock genetic-diversity-management project in Asia (Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Vietnam). Considering the complementarity of the approach with that of the West African project, mechanisms for exchanges between this project and that of West Africa have been envisaged. At the level of the sub-region, a comprehensive pastoral programme funded by UNDP/GEF is also being prepared for the sustainable management of arid lands thanks to pastoral mobility. 6. PROJECT SUSTAINABILITY AND RISKS 6.1 Recurrent Costs Total recurrent costs are estimated at UA 5.31 million, including UA 1.22 million financed by the ADF and UA 4.09 million by the other donors. The Governments will finance part of the recurrent costs comprising maintenance of equipment and infrastructure,

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operation of zootechnical research centres and payment of the salaries of staff of the project National Implementation Unit. The staff members concerned are civil servants and hence their salaries will not generate additional costs for the Governments. The recurrent cost trends during the project implementation period are shown in Table 6.1 below:

Table 6.1 : Financing of Recurrent Costs by Source of Finance (UA thousand)

SOURCE 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total GEF 232 780.00 324 635.40 290 665.38 258 867.03 266 633.04 274 632.03 1 648 212.87ADF Grant 117 420.00 162 317.70 145 332.69 138 437.58 135 635.07 134 927.91 834 070.95ADF Loan 82 400.00 84 872.00 65 563.62 56 275.44 51 008.06 47 762.09 387 881.21GVT The

Gambia 36 874.00 58 986.04 66 219.26 73 833.38 79 526.20 84 300.09 399 738.97GVT Guinea 36 874.00 58 986.04 66 219.26 73 833.38 79 526.20 84 300.09 399 738.97GVT Mali 36 874.00 58 986.04 66 219.26 73 833.38 79 526.20 84 300.09 399 738.97GVT Senegal 36 874.00 58 986.04 66 219.26 73 833.38 79 526.20 84 300.09 399 738.97ITC 73 130.00 145 343.30 149 703.60 154 194.71 158 820.55 163 585.16 844 777.32

Total 653 226,00 953 112.56 916 142.32 903 108.27 930 201.52 958 107.56 5 313 898.23 6.2 Project Sustainability 6.2.1. The objective of the project is the sustainable use of endemic livestock with improved performance and the preservation of woody savannah areas where the livestock live. Institutionally, the ongoing decentralization process and transfer of powers to local authorities and communities in the four countries targeted provide a conducive environment for rural communities to take responsibility for their own development through the joint management of their natural resources. Well organized and well trained local communities will fully assume their responsibilities during project implementation. The project will build institutional analysis capacities to enable existing council and traditional authorities, local communities, associations of endemic livestock producers and sellers/buyers and other stakeholders to define freely and democratically the types of support necessary for building their intervention capacities and establishing partnership mechanisms. The building of the capacities of national research and natural resource management bodies and agro-livestock breeders, in particular women and youth, will contribute to the sustainability of project outcomes. 6.2.2 In addition to contributing directly to capacity building, the project will ensure integrated institutional sustainability by guaranteeing the establishment of the country’s national components of the project within the ministries in charge of livestock and by setting up a sub-regional network for the exchange and coordination of information on the conservation and management of endemic livestock. Such network will enable project partners to exchange information and their points of view, plan and coordinate activities and integrate the conservation of endemic ruminant livestock into national policies and programmes. It will also help generalize and disseminate lessons learned among the institutional stakeholders of the entire region who are capable of replicating them in the future. Rural infrastructure (roads, water points, etc.) envisaged under the project will be built and maintained using the same mechanisms for management of national rural infrastructure programmes being implemented in the countries.

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6.2.3. Financially, the project design takes into consideration concerns for sustainability which are of crucial importance in the present context. The performance of the endemic livestock marketing sub-sector is currently weak because of constraints inherent in the sub-sector itself and competition from big animals which are given more socio-cultural value. The project will therefore seek to develop long-term financing mechanisms comprising notably strategies for eliminating constraints and to establish effective systems of incentives in the area of endemic ruminant livestock breeding, including improved production and marketing strategies. 6.2.4 By substantially reducing the present costs of endemic ruminant livestock breeding, by increasing their productivity, by improving the distribution channels, by generating value-added products and by improving access to new or expanding markets, the project will create sustainable sources of income for livestock breeders, buyers and traders as well as for other stakeholders in the sector. This will motivate them to preserve breeds of the Ndama and Djallonke cattle in the entire sub-region. All these innovations should result in the conquering of new market shares at national level with regard to milk products as well as an increase in the export of livestock-on-the-hoof to other African countries where there is a high demand for endemic livestock. 6.3 Critical Risks and Mitigating Measures 6.3.1 The project is based on the assumption that conflicts in countries of the sub-region do not prevent the sustainable management of livestock and do not lead to massive migration towards vulnerable ecosystems. Additionally, natural phenomena (floods, drought, etc.) could cause massive movements of livestock from dry areas to humid areas and hence have negative impacts on habitats and the herd. 6.3.2 Systems for the prevention and control of epizooties should remain effective, while livestock distribution infrastructure are strengthened. Similarly, exports of endemic ruminant livestock and livestock products to countries outside the sub-region are not hampered by barriers of various sorts. 6.3.3 The generalization of artificial insemination programmes and growth of transhumance flows of Sahelian Zebu to semi-humid areas can compromise the viability of genetic improvement programmes of pure breeds of endemic ruminant livestock. In the face of relatively long periods for achieving project outcomes in the area of genetic improvement of breeds of endemic ruminants, mixed farmers with substantial resources could be tempted to turn to crossbreeding in order to increase the productivity of their herd so as to satisfy the increasing demand for meat and milk. 6.3.4 The conflict prevention and resolution mechanism put in place within the framework of ECOWAS and the NEPAD Peer Review Mechanism will allow for the strengthening of peace in West Africa. The mechanisms chosen to better organize transhumance and the natural resource management models adopted and implemented by communities around the project sites will help check the influx of livestock and regulate transhumance flows towards the project area. The prevention and control of epizooties will continue to be carried out by the veterinary services of the countries with support from partners and programmes like PACE. Efforts to advocate and promote endemic breeds proposed by the project will strengthen the awareness of the authorities and livestock farmers and lead to better decision-making regarding crossbreeding and artificial insemination.

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7. PROJECT BENFITS 7.1 Financial Analysis According to the different models specified in the sites, the project will help generate additional income for mixed farmers. In the transhumant agropastoral system (SAPT), such additional incomes are CFAF 207,780 for the cattle and small ruminants farm model and CFAF 29,910 for the small ruminants farm model for women, representing increases of 112% and 59.5%, respectively compared to the non-project situation which is CFAF 185,518 and CFA 50,300. Additional incomes for the sedentary agropastoral system (SAPS) are estimated at CFA 129 275 for the cattle and small ruminants model (+184%) and CFAF 75,340 for the small ruminants model (+178%). The cattle and small ruminants model of the semi-intensive agropastoral system (SAPSI) generates additional incomes of CFAF 111,810 (+167) while the small ruminants model generates CFAF 76,835 (+195%). It is envisaged that project activities will benefit about 30% of farms in the SAPT or 10,730 farms, 50% in the SAPS or 30,810 farms and 70% in the SAPSI, that is, 7,900 farms. These figures are shown in Annex 6. 7.2 Economic Analysis 7.2.1 The economic analysis was carried out using the benchmark price method. It is based on comparison between “non- project” situation and “project” situation. All project costs, as well as the operating costs of producers were taken into account. They are estimated on the basis of economic prices. Customs duties were not included. Concerning project benefits, account was taken of cattle milk, beef, mutton and goat meat. Market prices were considered as economic prices (CFAF 200 per litre of cow milk, CFAF 400 per live kg of beef and CFAF 700 per kg of mutton and CFAF 500 per kg of goat meat). 7.2.2 On the basis of these assumptions, the economic rate of return (ERR) of the project is estimated at 26.7%, which is higher than the capital opportunity cost estimated at 12%. On this basis, the project’s overall rate of return is therefore considered satisfactory. It is the outcome of realistic assumptions and the estimation of project benefits was carried out using a conservative approach. 7.2.3 Production envisaged under the project will reduce the importation of livestock products (meat and milk). Additional meat production at the end of the project is estimated at 17,710 live tonnes including 14,700 tonnes from cattle for values of about CFAF 5,880 million and CFAF 1,806 million, respectively. 7.3 Social Impact Analysis 7.3.1 The breeds of endemic livestock targeted by the project play a key role in the economy of disadvantaged family farms. These animals develop resistance to some parasitic diseases and are capable of surviving in difficult environments where they can enhance low-quality-food diets. Genetic improvement programmes will enable producers (49,440 farms) to derive greater benefit from this livestock population and increase their incomes (additional incomes of CFA F 207,780 for mixed cattle and small ruminant farms). The sustainable management of endemic livestock breeds will facilitate the improvement in animal productivity and, consequently, an increase in the income of rural producers. The

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development of the breeding of small ruminants will have a significantly positive impact on the living conditions of women (additional incomes of CFA F 29,910 per farm) and disadvantaged social groups without cattle. 7.3.2 At project start-up, indicators will be defined and monitored to measure changes and differentiate them by gender. Social issues, including the gender dimension, will be addressed through a series of activities in all project components. Gender considerations will be taken into account within the Regional Coordination Unit and NIUs at country level. The project will ensure that the poor and other vulnerable groups benefit, as matter of priority, from project activities (dissemination of the results of genetic improvement programmes, effective participation in training sessions etc.) and that they continue to have access near their homes to productive land for subsistence agriculture and/or rangeland. A framework will be put in place to offer men and women employment opportunities associated with the project, encourage women to apply for positions and select candidates on the basis of their skills. The project will establish a decision-making process which ensures the distribution of incomes to men and women based on their respective levels of involvement, ensuring that women are remunerated for the work done, in particular if they do not share in the incomes. In addition, the employment of local products (food, basic equipment) will be prioritized as much as possible. The concerted natural resource management mechanism will help provide access to productive land or alternative income-generating opportunities for men and women who lose their means of production (land owners or users). 7.3.3 The project will build the capacities of the sector’s stakeholders, mixed farmers’ associations, women’s associations and local communities. The training of 15,050 livestock breeders, including 8,000 women, in the improvement of livestock breeding practices and concerted natural resource management will have a positive impact on the development of the project area. Livestock breeders’ associations will ensure the management of pastoral infrastructure. Well trained women’s associations will manage the mini-dairies which are flexible and technically simple units. Rural villages will ensure the implementation of land use and allocation plans as well as local conventions for an equitable management of natural resources. Frameworks for consultation and dialogue, involving transhumants, will help prevent, reduce and settle conflicts relating to the use of natural resources. Rural village councils will exercise ownership of roads and slaughter areas. The same mechanisms for maintenance of rural infrastructure retained within the framework of national rural infrastructure programmes in the countries will be implemented. The income generated, training and the strengthening and improvement of rural and pastoral infrastructure will directly or indirectly benefit the entire population (2,300,000 inhabitants) residing in the project areas. 7.4 Sensitivity Analysis 7.4.1 The sensitivity analysis was based on a number of assumptions: (i) increase in project cost due to an increase in the cost of infrastructure, equipment and project activities; (ii) reduction in project additional benefits because of the fall in incomes or the prices of products; (iii) the two assumptions mentioned above occur, namely reduction in benefits and increase in costs; and (iv) a two year slippage on start-up coupled with falling incomes. The outcomes of the sensitivity analysis are as follows:

43

- 10% increase in expenditure, ERR = 24.8 %; - 10% fall in income, ERR = 23.9%; - 10% increase in expenditure and 10% fall in income, ERR =22.6 %; and - Slippage on start-up (2 years) and 10% fall in income, ERR = 17.8 %.

7.4.2 The sensitivity tests lead to the conclusion that the project is viable despite the increase in expenditure. The sensitivity of the ERR will be reduced by constant monitoring of implementation of project activities in order to maintain their envisaged maximum production level. The detailed calculations are summarized in Annex 7. 8. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 8.1 Conclusions The project will help preserve the biodiversity of endemic ruminant livestock, remove obstacles impeding their sustainable management and develop the huge potential in the area of livestock breeding in semi-humid areas in West Africa. It will build the capacities of all stakeholders of the sector, notably mixed farmers, women’s and youth associations, rural communities and government services responsible for research and development. It will allow for the training of 15,050 mixed farmers, including 8,000 women, in animal feeding, reproduction and management as well as the improvement of natural resource management methods. Farmers and stockbreeders will be prepared to sustainably manage endemic ruminants and implement community-based natural-resource-management initiatives. Sustainable natural resource management methods will be adopted and implemented by the communities. The project will strengthen rural and pastoral infrastructure (160 km of roads improved, 24 water points built, etc.) to provide better access to services and markets. It will generate additional production of 43,400 litres of milk and 17,710 tonnes of meat, increase the incomes of 49,440 farmers and improve the living conditions of the populations residing in the project areas. The project is considered technically feasible and economically, financially and environmentally viable. It generates a satisfactory rate of return of 26.7%. 8.2 Recommendations and Loan Conditions 8.2.1 In view of the foregoing, it is recommended that ADF loans not exceeding UA 5.32 million be granted to the Republic of Mali, UA 4.44 million to the Republic of Senegal, and ADF grants of UA 2.71 million to the Republic of The Gambia, UA 5.49 million to the Republic of Guinea and UA 2.04 million to ITC, subject to the following special conditions:

A. Conditions Precedent to Loan Effectiveness

8.2.2 The entry into force of the loan agreement shall be subject to fulfilment by the borrowers of the provisions of section 5.01 of the General Conditions applicable to loan and guarantee agreements of the Bank.

B. Conditions Precedent to the First Disbursement 8.2.3 The first disbursement of project funds shall be cintingent upon fulfilment by the borrowers and donees, to the satisfaction of the Fund, of the following conditions:

44

Each borrower or donee shall in its own sphere:

i. Undertake to ensure the functioning of the zootechnical research stations by allocating sufficient resources to them (cf. § 4.5.4 and 5.2.2) ;

ii. Provide to the ADF evidence of the establishment of the project Steering

Committee composed of a Representative of each of the States, RCU and NIUs and a member of partner institutions (UNDP, ITC, ILRI, CIRDES, FAO, etc. country offices) (cf. § 5.2.2) ;

iii. provide to the ADF evidence of the setting up of the Regional Coordination

Unit and National Implementation Units (cf. § 5.1.1) ; iv. provide to the ADF evidence of the recruitment of the Regional Coordinator

and members of the project team (administrative and financial assistant, monitoring-evaluation expert) whose qualifications and experience shall have been considered beforehand satisfactory by the Fund (cf. § 5.1.1);

v. provide to the ADF evidence of the recruitment of the National Coordinator

of the project and member of the project team (animal production, information and marketing, natural resource management, and monitoring-evaluation experts) whose qualifications and experience shall have been considered beforehand satisfactory by the Fund (cf. § 5.1.1); and

vi. provide to the ADF evidence of assignment of a functional office for the

Regional Coordination Unit (cf. § 5.5). C. Other conditions 8.2.4 Each borrower shall, in addition, assign annual budgetary allocations to the research stations before 31 March each year during and after the project (cf. § 5.2.2);

Annex 1 Map 1 of 1

MULTINATIONAL PROJECT SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF ENDEMIC RUMINANT

Map of Countries and Project Sites

This map has been provided by the staff of the African Development Bank exclusively for the use of the readers of the report to which it is attached. The names used and the borders shown do not imply on the part of the Bank Group and its members any judgment concerning the legal status of the territory nor any approval or acceptance of these borders.

Annex 2 Page 1 of 1

MULTINATIONAL PROJECT SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF ENDEMIC RUMINANT

ORGANIZATION CHART OF THE PROJECT

National Implementation

Unit Guinea

Regional Coordination Unit

National Implementation

Unit Mali

National Implementation

Unit Senegal

STEERING COMMITTEE

National Implementation Unit

The Gambia

Sites

Sites

Sites

Sites

Annex 3

Page 1 of 4 MULTINATIONAL PROJECT

SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF ENDEMIC RUMINANTS IN WEST AFRICA

Summary of the Environmental and Social Management Plan 1. Brief Project Description The project aims at developing endemic ruminant livestock farming in semi-wetlands of four countries of West Africa (Gambia, Guinea, Mali and Senegal). Its major outputs are the following : (i) the genetic characterization of endemic ruminant livestock (Ndama cattle and Djallonke sheep and goats) and their environment ; (ii) rehabilitation and equipment of five zootechnical research stations with a view to relaunching genetic improvement programmes in the participating countries ; (iii) establishment of multiplication systems within 200 village herds in order to ease access by livestock farmers to selected breeding stock ; (iv) training of 15 050 livestock farmers including 8 000 women in different domains (animal feeding, breeding management and improvement of the habitat of small ruminants ; (v) development and equipment of 17 slaughter areas, 2 sub-regional cattle markets and 17 local cattle markets ; (iv) construction and equipment of mini-dairies of a capacity of 200 to 600 l/day for women’s associations ; (vii) improvement of 160 km of road to facilitate the marketing of endemic livestock and their products; (viii preparation and implementation of land use and allocation plans and preparation of pastoral development and community forest management plans for the 20 sites chosen; and (vi) implementation of improved farmland management systems in localities in the project intervention area. 2. Major Environmental and Social Impacts In addition to producing pure breed high-performance animals, the project will contribute to increasing incomes of agro-livestock farmers through the marketing in rural markets of livestock and livestock products in order to generate substantial incomes to combat poverty. In fact, this activity is much less unpredictable than the raising of exotic breeds as the indigenous herd require less inputs for their feeding and develop more resistance to diseases and drought. The development of endemic ruminant livestock farming will help provide plough cows and acquire farm equipment, which will translate into the extension of the size of plots under cultivation with a view to increasing production and farm incomes. The development of a functional ecological monitoring system in the project intervention sites will guarantee the monitoring of the evolution of ecosystems thus ensuring the prevention and protection of natural resources. The creation of favourable conditions in the project intervention area by improving the management of agricultural, water and forage resources could stimulate an influx of non-native farmers in search of fertile land but also transhumant livestock farmers attracted by the availability of rangeland, water resources and health facilities. Such influx of agricultural migrants and foreign transhumants will lead to increased pressure on natural resources (farmland, woody pastures, woody forage, water points, etc.). Furthermore, the presence of livestock of exotic breeds could encourage unwanted crossbreeding between these animals and the indigenous herd, which could undermine the viability of pure breed genetic improvement programmes. One of the disadvantages of the intensification tool which is animal draught cultivation lies in the fact that it requires the removal of tree stumps from plots, which results in the disappearance of trees which play a key role in pharmacopoeia, soil fertilization, reduction of the impact of the phenomena of erosion, etc.

Annex 3

Page 2 of 4 The setting up of local committees for transhumance and conflict management which are consultation and dialogue frameworks will help ensure social peace and tranquility within communities through conflict prevention and resolution. Similarly, the establishment and implementation of improved farmland management systems in the different localities will allow for better resource management by combining practices such as the use of manure as fertilizer and agricultural residues as forage. Furthermore, better knowledge of the genetic characteristics of endemic livestock in addition to the provision of zoo-sanitary care for their continued improvement will help increase their performance and maintain and consolidate their trypanotolerance. The proposed infrastructure and equipment, notably water reservoirs, boreholes, slaughter areas and mini-dairies, if poorly managed, can create unhealthy conditions conducive to the development of vectors of water-borne diseases, zoonoses, etc. Rural markets, by creating conditions for trading and contact among the population, will facilitate the spread of sexually transmitted infections of which women will be the first victims. 3. Impact Optimization and Mitigation Programme The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) component intended to limit the risks of increased pressure on land and extension of clearing for farming focuses on the adoption of strategies for land zoning by local land management structures. Such a system of sharing space between agriculture and livestock farming already exists in some localities in the project area where fields are brought together each year in a single area, which offers animals the possibility of grazing in the entire area not covered by crops. The ESMP will support the process of preparation and implementation of local regulations on the preservation of land reserves and collectively used land, in particular uncleared land, rangeland which also serves as harvesting and deadwood picking areas, as well as areas reserved for wildlife development. To eliminate threats to forest resources with the risks of conversion of forests into farmland, the co-management of classified forests will be instituted. This policy option which allows for the implementation of a more decentralized and better grass-roots integrated forest management approach, will guarantee a genuine empowerment of local populations for resource sustainability. It is in the same spirit that steps will be taken to encourage the implementation of community forests development and pastoral management plans, by integrating them into a comprehensive land management approach. In the two scenarios mentioned (classified forests co-management plans and community forests pastoral management plans), the project will endeavour to guarantee a real ownership of the development and sustainable management approach by the stakeholders concerned who must decide on the management plans as well as the rules of the game to be respected by all stakeholders for natural resource management. In order to limit the negative impacts of the massive influx of transhumants, it is necessary to take into consideration this concern in local regulations on the sustainable management of natural resources which will be implemented. These regulations must indicate the obligations of all agro-livestock farmers in herding to limit dispersal, respect of rules governing the use of rangeland in forests, etc. To better contain transhumance flows, it will be necessary to establish a system of integration of transhumants in the reception areas. Such system will oblige livestock farmers who want to migrate to enter into negotiations beforehand with the local communities receiving them on the transhumance schedule, the animal numbers concerned, the places of establishment of the flocks, etc. To avoid conflicts between farmers and stockbreeders and to respect land use plans, beacons will be put in place to delimit grazing areas and transhumance corridors.

Annex 3

Page 3 of 4 As the risk of transmission of diseases between animals and between animals and humans (zoonoses) is real, the project will strengthen appropriate care of sick animals and the organization of vaccination campaigns for the prevention of recurrent diseases. To ensure the success of Ndama breed improvement activities, conventions will be concluded between stakeholders during the conduct of selection, multiplication and dissemination operations of pure-breeds of endemic livestock. In addition, the project will ascertain that some specific groups, in particular women, are not left out of the decision-making processes relating to the sharing of income between men and women on the basis of their respective level of involvement in the development of the livestock sector. 4. Environmental Monitoring and Control Programme The adoption of the environmental monitoring and control programme addresses three essential concerns : (i) evaluate the relevance of activities carried out by the project and assess their impacts on the living conditions of the beneficiaries and on the natural environment ; (ii) monitor the implementation of optimization and mitigation measures ; and (iii) ensure the efficacy of optimization and mitigation measures and draw useful lessons for orientating the further implementation of the project. The environmental monitoring programme will be based on existing databases; which will provide benchmarks for measuring future trends. Implementation of the environmental monitoring programme will be backed by a study to define a system of specific indicators of sustainability of natural resource exploitation (land, water, vegetation, etc.), development of endemic livestock farming activities (productivity parameters, animal population, marketing sub-sector, etc). The data collection system and the grid of indicators will be defined in consultation with government institutions and research bodies, involving in this exercise local communities and existing livestock farmers’ organizations. The planned study should help rationalize environmental monitoring by taking into account the different levels of intervention (local, national and sub-regional) in order to assess the impacts of project activities at these levels. 5. Capacity Building and Institution Support Implementation of the ESMP will take into consideration institutional and organizational aspects of environmental monitoring. In this connection, the recommended orientations will place emphasis on : (i) the coordination and harmonization of environmental monitoring approaches adopted by the project and its different partners (other projects and programmes intervening in the same area); (ii) organization of consultations to share tasks between the structures involved in monitoring (research bodies, technical services, NGOs, local communities, socio-professional organizations, etc.). To enable these institutions to effectively take part in the implementation of the project and in monitoring activities, plans have been made to build their capacities. Hence, the project will offer experts of these structures the opportunity to sharpen their skills and improve their mastery of livestock development and environmental management issues related to the implementation of the project.

Annex 3

Page 4 of 4 6. Consultation of the Community and Reporting The project was designed and will be implemented through a participatory process involving all social stakeholders concerned (agrolivestock farmers resident in the sites, transhumant stockbreeders, local communities, NGOs, technical services, research institutions, etc.) . The participation of all these players is solicited for several reasons: it helps enhance local skills, guarantee the effective consideration of the concerns of the populations in the design of activities to be carried out and carry out a concerted definition of roles and responsibilities of each category of players in the implementation of the project. Implementation of project activities must be based on sensitization and communication targeting principally the grass-roots communities. The project beneficiaries, in particular agro-livestock farmers established in the sites should be closely involved in environmental monitoring. It is necessary for data which will be derived from such monitoring to be used by these populations to discuss with the project steering team the impacts of activities and possible readjustments to be carried out. An information, sensitization and training drive targeting all players concerned (indigenous agro-livestock farmers, foreign transhumants, local representatives, etc.) will be carried out to consolidate the support of the populations for optimization and mitigation measures recommended under the ESMP. Livestock farmers’ organizations, women’s groups and youth associations will be called open to pursue and intensify the communication and sensitization drive. Communities will be enlisted in the implementation of land use and allocation plans as well as the different NRM conventions. 7. Cost Estimates The main activities to be taken into consideration under the ESMP will be those which have not been included in the budgets of other project components, notably component B. They are activities concerning the assessment of the environmental reference situation at the sites of implementation of activities for the determination of specific impact indicators; providers; quarterly environmental control and monitoring missions conducted by government directorates responsible for the environment in collaboration with the national coordination team.

Table 1: Estimated Cost of Activities to be Carried out under the ESMP (in US$) Quantity Amount

Description

Unit price

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

USD

Reference situation of environmental impact indicators by site

12 500

20

250 000

Environmental control mission 4000

4 4 4 4 4 80 000

Environmental monitoring mission 9000 4 4 4 4 4 180 000

Total 510 000

Annex 4 Page 1 of 1

MULTINATIONAL PROJECT SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF ENDEMIC RUMINANT

IN WEST AFRICA PROJECT COST BY CATEGORY OF EXPENDITURE AND BY SOURCE OF FINANCE (UA THOUSAND)

EXPENDITURE CATEGORY ADF

GRANT ADF

LOAN FEM GVT_

Ga GVT_

Gu GVT_

Ma GVT_

Se ILRI ITC TOTAL %

Total

Civil works 2 455.75 3 500.38 - 123.30 335.65 250.03 195.23 - - 6 860,34 23.90%

Community livestock infrastructure 184.95 184.95 - - - - - - - 369.90 1.30%

Selection centres infrastructure 345.93 219.20 - - - - - - - 565.13 2.00%

Community and RM infrastructure 143.85 219.20 - 95.90 280.85 154.13 154.13 - - 1 048.06 3.60%

Com. Infrast. Water 616.51 1 027.51 - - - - - - - 1 644.02 5.70%

Com. Infrastr. Markets 1 164.51 1 849.52 - 27.40 54.80 95.90 41.10 - - 3 233.23 11.30%

GOODS 1 262.81 792.10 150.70 - - 82.20 - - - 2 287.81 8.00%

Laboratory equipment 245.92 26.95 - - - - - - - 272.87 1.00%

Comm. field equip. 230.85 227.42 - - - 82.20 - - - 540.47 1.90%

Office equipment 47.95 17.13 82.20 - - - - - - 147.28 0.50%

Selection centre equipment 171.25 109.60 - - - - - - - 280.85 1.00%

Vehicles and tractors 232.90 137.00 - - - - - - - 369.90 1.30%

Motorbikes 193.86 109.60 - - - - - - - 303.46 1.10%

Field equip. -Technician 27.40 27.40 - - - - - - - 54.80 0.20%

Data processing equipment 57.88 41.10 54.80 - - - - - - 153.78 0.50%

Communication equip. & mat. 54.80 95.90 13.70 - - - - - - 164.40 0.60%

SERVICES 4 430.89 3 773.59 2 827.02 - - - - 109.60 137.00 11 278.10 39.30%

Studies and surveys 969.17 576.32 803.51 - - - - 109.60 27.40 2 486.00 8.70%

Laboratory study - - 657.61 - - - - - - 657.61 2.30%

Consultancy services 1 103.55 641.17 723.37 - - - - - - 2 468.09 8.60%

Research & Development 287.70 246.60 - - - - - - - 534.30 1.90%

Communication/Information act. 137.00 137.00 227.42 - - - - - 41.10 542.52 1.90%

Training of communities 1 534.28 2 012.21 - - - - - - - 3 546.49 12.40%

Training of technicians 399.19 160.29 415.11 - - - - - 68.50 1 043.09 3.60%

STAFF COSTS 209.62 74.67 1 238.98 155.78 161.94 155.78 155.78 - - 2 152.55 7.50%

Regional staff 22.61 - 33.91 - - - - - - 56.52 0.20%

National staff 67.82 67.82 - 27.13 27.13 27.13 27.13 - - 244.16 0.90%

Local staff - 6.85 849.96 36.17 36.17 36.17 36.17 - - 1 001.49 3.50%

Regional meetings 119.19 - - - - - - - - 119.19 0.40%

National meetings - - 149.61 71.93 73.98 71.93 71.93 - - 439.38 1.50%

Local meetings - - 205.50 20.55 24.66 20.55 20.55 - - 291.81 1.00%

OPERATING COSTS 626.52 419.22 246.60 150.02 150.02 150.02 150.02 - 59.60 1 952.02 6.80%

Office supplies 124.41 61.65 82.20 - - - - - - 268.26 0.90%

Maintenance of vehicles 324.69 291.81 - 4316 43.16 43.16 43.16 - - 789.14 2.70%

Maintenance data equip; comm costs. 49.32 41.10 65.76 - - - - - 30.83 187.01 0.70%

Rental of office, water/elect. - - 98.64 106.86 106.86 106.86 106.86 - 28.77 554.85 1.90%

Workshops 128.10 24.66 - - - - - - - 152.76 0.50%

MISCELLANEOUS COSTS - - - 171.25 171.25 171.25 171.25 - - 685.00 2.40%

Sundry (trade fairs, markets) - - - 171.25 171.25 171.25 171.25 - - 685.00 2.40%

TOTAL BASE COSTS 8 985.59 8 559.96 4 463.30 600.35 818.86 809.28 672.28 109,60 196.60 25 215.82 87.80%

Physical contingencies (7%) 446.08 497.45 94.89 24.93 39.80 39.56 29.97 7,67 9.56 1 189.91 4.10%

Price contingency (3% ) 765.50 745.53 423.39 75.84 103.85 92.65 84.40 3,52 15.42 2 310.10 8.00%

TOTAL COST 10 197.17 9 802.94 4 981.58 701.12 962.51 941.49 786.65 120.79 221.58 28 715.83 100.00%

Annex 5

Page 1 of 1 MULTINATIONAL PROJECT

SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF ENDEMIC RUMINANT IN WEST AFRICA

PROVISIONAL LIST OF GOODS AND SERVICES (UA MILLION)

ADF OTHER FINANCING EXPENDITURE CATEGORY L.C. F.E. Total Loan Grant GEF GVTS ITC/ILRI

Civil works 2.09 4.77 6.86 3.50 2.46 0.90 -

Community livestock infrastructure 0.07 0.30 0.37 0.18 0.18 - -

Selection centres infrastructure 0.11 0.45 0.57 0.22 0.35 - -

Community and RM infrastructure 0.74 0.30 1.05 0.22 0.14 0.69 -

Com. Infrast. Water 0.33 1.32 1.64 1.03 0.62 - -

Com. Infrastr. Markets 0.84 2.40 3.23 1.85 1.16 0.22 -

GOODS 0.09 2.20 2.29 0.79 1.26 0.15 0.08 -

Laboratory equipment - 0.27 0.27 0.03 0.25 - -

Comm. field equip. 0.08 0.46 0.54 0.23 0.23 0.08 -

Office equipment - 0.15 0.15 0.02 0.05 0.08 - -

Selection centre equipment 0.01 0.27 0.28 0.11 0.17 - -

Vehicles and tractors - 0.37 0.37 0.14 0.23 - -

Motorbikes - 0.30 0.30 0.11 0.19 - - -

Field equip. -Technician - 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03 - - -

Data processing equipment - 0.15 0.15 0.04 0.06 0.05 - -

Communication equip. & mat. - 0.16 0.16 0.10 0.05 0.01 - -

SERVICES 2.83 8.45 11.28 3.77 4.43 2.83 - 0.25

Studies and surveys 0.69 1.80 2.49 0.54 1.01 0.80 - 0.14

Laboratory study 0.07 0.59 0.66 - - 0.66 - -

Consultancy services - 2.47 2.47 0.64 1.10 0.72 - -

Research & Development 0.11 0.43 0.53 0.25 0.29 - - -

Communication/Information act. 0.23 0.31 0.54 0.14 0.14 0.23 - 0.04

Training of communities 1.42 2.13 3.55 2.01 1.53 - - -

Training of technicians 0.31 0.73 1.04 0.16 0.40 0.42 - 0.07

STAFF COSTS 1.97 0.18 2.15 0.07 0.21 1.24 0.63 -

Regional staff 0.06 - 0.06 - 0.02 0.03 - -

National staff 0.24 - 0.24 0.07 0.07 - 0.11 -

Local staff 0.99 0.01 1.00 0.01 - 0.85 0.14 -

Regional meetings 0.08 0.04 0.12 - 0.12 - - -

National meetings 0.41 0.03 0.44 - - 0.15 0.29 -

Local meetings 0.19 0.10 0.29 - - 0.21 0.09 -

OPERATING COSTS 1.33 0.62 1.95 0.42 0.63 0.25 0.60 0.06

Office supplies 0.15 0.12 0.27 0.06 0.12 0.08 - -

Maintenance of vehicles 0.52 0.27 0.79 0.29 0.32 - 0.17 -

Maintenance data equip; comm costs. 0.07 0.12 0.19 0.04 0.05 0.07 - 0.03

Rental of office, water/elect. 0.55 - 0.55 - - 0.10 0.43 0.03

Workshops 0.05 0.11 0.15 0.02 0.13 - - -

MISCELLANEOUS COSTS 0.68 - 0.68 - - - 0.69 -

Sundry (trade fairs, markets) 0.68 - 0.68 - - - 0.69 -

TOTAL BASIC COSTS 9.00 16.22 25.21 8.56 8.99 4.46 2.90 0.31

Physical contingencies (7%) 0.39 0.80 1.19 0. 49 0.45 0.09 0.13 0.02

Price contingency (3% ) 0.94 1.37 2.31 0.74 0.77 0.42 0.36 0.02

TOTAL COST 10.33 18.39 28.71 9.76 10.24 4.98 3.39 0.34

Annex 6

Page 1 of 1 MULTINATIONAL PROJECT

SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF ENDEMIC RUMINANT IN WEST AFRICA

OPERATING ACCOUNTS OF DIFFERENT FARM MODELS

YEARS Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6

ITEM TRANSHUMANT AGROPASTORAL SYSTEM Cattle + small ruminants sub-model Without project income per farm 185 518 200 641 216 400 232 822 249 559 267 766With project income per farm 185 518 223 626 278 966 338 818 412 639 475 043Additional income per farm 0 22 985 62 566 105 996 163 081 207 277Number of farms 3 576 5 364 7 152 8 940 10 728 10 728Total additional income 0 123 289 806 447 470 957 947 607 807 1 749 527 737 2 223 664 612Small ruminants sub-model (women) Without project income per farm 50 303 53 322 56 521 59 912 62 757 67 317With project income per farm 58 405 65 806 72 402 81 235 90 054 97 227Additional income per farm 8 102 12 484 15 882 21 323 27 297 29 909Number of farms 1 401 2 102 2 803 3 503 4 204 4 204Total additional income 11 350 678 26 242 332 44 516 244 74 693 093 114 756 590 125 739 016SEDENTARY AGROPASTORAL SYSTEM Cattle + small ruminants sub-model Without project income per farm 70 133 80 436 91 168 102 350 113 811 126 134With project income per farm 70 133 85 215 118 780 173 854 218 320 255 409Additional income per farm 0 4 779 27 611 71 504 104 509 129 275Number of farms 6 163 12 325 18 488 24 651 30 814 30 814Total additional income 0 58 904 334 510 476 045 1 762 656 439 3 220 336 352 3 983 478 410Small ruminants sub-model (women) Without project income per farm 42 237 44 771 47 457 50 305 52 823 56 522With project income per farm 42 237 48 205 55 787 64 207 71 037 75 339Additional income per farm 0 3 434 8 330 13 902 18 213 18 817Number of farms 1 717 3 435 5 152 6 869 8 587 8 587Total additional income 0 11 794 560 42 915 556 95 493 042 156 396 949 161 577 494SEMI-INTENSIVE AGROCPASTORAL SYSTEM Cattle + small ruminants sub-model Without project income per farm 66 599 76 757 87 340 98 364 109 848 121 814With project income per farm 66 599 73 799 110 837 144 133 193 573 233 622Additional income per farm 0 -2 959 23 497 45 769 83 725 111 808Number of farms 2 256 3 949 5 641 6 769 7 897 7 897Total additional income 0 -11 684 026 132 547 221 309 810 573 661 174 119 882 949 334Small ruminants sub-model (women) Without project income per farm 39 227 41 581 44 076 46 720 48 924 52 495With project income per farm 40 203 46 959 54 479 63 624 73 168 76 836Additional income per farm 976 5 378 10 403 16 904 24 244 24 341Number of farms 50 88 126 151 176 176Total additional income 48 802 473 239 1 310 786 2 552 500 4 266 901 4 284 061

OVERALL ADDITIONAL INCOME (IN CFA F) 11 399 479 209 020 244 1 179 236 809 3 192 813 453 5 906 458 647 7 381 692 928

Annex 7

Page 1 of 1 MULTINATIONAL PROJECT

SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF ENDEMIC RUMINANT IN WEST AFRICA

CALCULATION OF ECONOMIC RATE OF RETURN

YEAR

Total additional gross profit margin US$

thousand Total cost

US$ Thousand Basic cash flow US$ thousand)

Cash-flow with + 10% of cost of investments (1)

Cash-flow with - 10% of production (2)

Cash-flow with

(1) + (2)

1 -

139.69 8 255.86 - 8 535.24 - 9 360.83 - 8 507.30 - 9 332.89 2 209.02 11 714.60 - 11 296.56 -12 468.02 - 11 338.36 - 12 509.82 3 1 179.24 8 804.95 - 6 446.47 - 7 326.97 - 6 682.32 -7 562.81 4 3 192.81 6 726.57 - 340.94 - 1 013.60 - 979.50 -1 652.16 5 5 906.46 3 220.96 8 591.96 8 269.87 7 410.67 7 088.57 6 7 381.69 3 197.58 11 565.80 11 246.05 10 089.46 9 769.71 7 9 114.23 328.32 17 900.14 18 228.46 16 405.61 16 405.61 8 10 875.84 606.07 21 145.60 21 751.67 19 576.50 19 576.50 9 12 739.91 325.51 25 154.31 25 479.82 22 931.84 22 931.84

10 13 650.11 189.56 27 110.66 27 300.22 24 570.19 24 570.19 11 14 046.34 37.71 28 054.96 28 092.67 25 283.40 25 283.40 12 14 484.19 36.80 28 931.57 28 968.38 26 071.54 26 071.54 13 14 712.05 36.80 29 387.29 29 424.09 26 481.68 26 481.68 14 14 937.56 36.80 29 838.31 29 875.11 26 887.60 26 887.60 15 15 092.79 36.80 30 148.78 30 185.58 27 167.02 27 167.02 16 15 379.49 36.80 30 722.18 30 758.98 27 683.08 27 683.08 17 15 594.80 36.80 31 152.80 31 189.60 28 070.64 28 070.64 18 15 805.54 36.80 31 574.27 31 611.07 28 449.97 28 449.97 19 16 011.04 36.80 31 985.28 32 022.08 28 819.87 28 819.87 20 16 210.60 36.80 32 384.40 32 421.20 29 179.08 29 179.08

26.7% 24.8% 23.9% 22.6%

Annex

MULTINATIONAL

PROJECT FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF ENDEMIC RUMINANT LIVESTOCK IN WEST AFRICA (THE GAMBIA, GUINEA, MALI, SENEGAL)

CORRIGENDUM

Executive Summary Point 2. Purpose of the Financing: - Read: “The ADF loan amounts to UA 9.76 million, or about 33.98% of the total project

cost net of taxes and duties. The ADF loan contribution represents 73.90% of the foreign exchange costs and 26.10 % of local currency costs. The ADF contribution in local currency represents 8.86% of total project cost. The ADF grant amounts to UA 10.24 million or 35.67% of the project cost.”

- instead of: “The ADF loan amounting to UA 9.80 million and representing 34.14% of the total

cost net of taxes and duties will be used to finance 73.98% of foreign exchange costs and 26.02% of local currency costs. The ADF grant, amounting to UA 10.20 million, represents 35.51% of the total cost net of taxes and duties, and will be used to finance 76.64% of foreign exchange costs and 23.36% of local currency costs.”

Sources of Finance 4.9: Table 4.4 relating to the project cost by expenditure category and source of finance is presented in Annex 4 of the report. Table 5.2: Procurement Arrangements: On the eighth column, replace ITC with ILRI and on the ninth column, replace CIRDES with ITC. Procurement Arrangements Point 5.4 (iii) Services: All the research and development services will be entrusted to ILRI, ITC and CIRDES, which will work in partnership with targeted national research stations. The study on adapted information dissemination systems, cryogenic conservation and training in molecular genetics will be entrusted to ILRI and CIRDES.