multimedia part edited

8/2/2019 Multimedia Part Edited

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5.0 FUNDAMENTAL OF MULTIMEDIA


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Define multimedia

Describe the elements of multimedia



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Multimedia is any combination of text,

graphic, animation, sound, and videodelivered to you by computer or other

electronic or digitally manipulated means.



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Text

Graphic

Animation

Audio

Video


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TextMost basic elements of multimedia. Text can contribute

to the presentations overall look and feel.

Texts in the form of words, sentences and paragraphs isused to communicate thoughts, ideas and facts in nearlyevery aspect of our lives.


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Text

Text elements can be categories into:Alphabet characters : A Z

Numbers : 0 9

Special characters : Punctuation[. , ; ] , Sign or

Symbols [* & ^ % $ ! /\~ # @ .] also known asCharacter Sets

May also include special icon or drawing symbols,

mathematical symbols, Greek Letter etc. [ ]


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Text

The text elements used in multimedia are:

Menus for navigation

Interactive buttons

Fields for reading

HTML documents Symbols and icons


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Text


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Text

Typeface Font

A family of graphiccharacters thatincludes different

sizes and styles.Eg: Arial, Times

New Roman

A set of characters ofa single size andstyle belonging to a

particular typefacefamily.Eg:

Arial 18-point italic


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Text

The study of fonts and typefaces includes the following:

Font styles

Cases

Serif & Sans serif

Font sizes


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Font styles


Text

Font styles include:

Boldface ( Multimedia )

Italic ( Multimedia )

Underlining ( Multimedia ) Outlining ( )


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Font sizes


Text

Font size is measured in points.Kerning is the spacing between characterpairs (letter spacing)

Leading is the space between lines (linespacing)

Reading Line 1

Reading Line 2Line spacing: 0.5


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Cases


Text

A capitalized letter is referred to as UPPERCASE, while a

small letter is referred to as lowercase.

Studies have shown that words and sentences with mixed

upper and lowercase letters are easier to read than words

or sentences in all caps(uppercase).


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Serif & Sans serif


Text

Different typefaces can convey widely different feelings

and impressions

SERIF TYPEFACES SANS SERIF TYPEFACES

Aserifis the littledecoration at the end of a

letter stroke.

More readable, used forlarge bodies of text

Eg: Century Schoolbook

Sans seriffonts do not havea serif at the end of a letter

stroke.

Used for titles, headings,Web page banners

Eg: Arial


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Graphic

Digital representations of photographs, drawings,

charts, and other visual images.

Used to present information

more attractively and

effectively


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Graphic

Graphics are used in multimedia applications as:

Complementary element

- used as background and

texture

Main focus

- Logos, images, paintings,

figures and photographs

Object


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Graphic

Bitmap graphic vector-drawn graphic

Images that are made upof set of bits or pixels.

Can include images thatcome from a scanner,photograph or imagesfrom camera.

Consists of line drawing.

Can include lines, shapessuch as rectangles, elipses,arcs and typeset text.


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Graphic

Bitmap graphics

Bitmaps are an image formatsuited for creation of:

Photo-realistic images

Complex drawings Images that require fine

detail


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Graphic

vector-drawn graphics

Vector-drawn images are usedin the following areas:

Computer-aided design (CAD)programs

Graphic artists designing for theprint media

3-D animation programs Applications requiring drawing of

graphic shapes


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Graphic

vector-drawn graphic Bitmap graphics

VS Vector images use less

memory space andhave a smaller file size

For the Web, pages that

use vector graphicsin plug-ins downloadfaster.

Bitmap images requiremore memory spaceand have a bigger filesize

Bitmap images file sizeis bigger and slower todownload through webpages.


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Graphic

Use Format Extension

Graphical elements such as buttons BMP .bmp

High-resolution scanned imagesand digital photos

TIFF .tiff

Photographic or scanned images JPEG .jpeg, .jpg

Popular for Web graphics GIF .gif

Alternative to GIF PNG .png


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Animation

The act of making something alive.

Animation is a sequence of still graphics that are setin motion

A series of images are rapidly changed to create anillusion of movement.


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Animation

Animations create visually powerful effects on thescreen.

Animations are effective in the communicationprocess to enhance the emotional impact of themessage and break up the intensity of too much

textual information.


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Animation

Usage of animation in multimedia presentation:Artistic purposes

Storytelling

Displaying data (scientific visualization)

Instructional purposes


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Animation

Animation can be rendered in:

2-D space - 2-D animations are very simple andstatic.

2-1/2D space - An illusion of depth is createdthrough shadowing, highlighting, and forced

perspective, though in reality the image rests in twodimensions.

3-D space - Complicated and realistic animations aredone in 3-D space.


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Animation

2-D animation 2 -1/2 -D animation 3-D animation


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Animation

Animation type Format Extension

Animated gif (GraphicInterchange Format)

GIF .gif

Flash & Shockwaveanimation

SWF .swf

2-D and 3-D animation MOV or AVI .mov or .avi


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Audio

All types of sound including music,spoken voice, sound effects.

Audio adds an exciting dimension to a presentation.

Audio can capture attention and complements the

graphics on the screen.

Audio can increase the associations the end-user makeswith the information in their minds thus increasing theirretention rate.


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AudioThere are several ways to add audio to the presentation:

Background Music Sound Effect Narration

Will set the mood of

ambience for the

presentation.

Can create anenvironment of

excitement and

anticipation.

Serve to punctuate

an event so that

audience is alerted to

the action. Eg:

clicking a button Sound effect for the

transition to

accentuate the

changing of the

screen

Built-in narration can

eliminates the need

to have speaker

standing at the fronttalking for the

presentation

It is recommended

that narrations be

kept at minimum


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Audio

Sound that you hear everyday

It takes the form of signals

that travel in continouswaves.

Eg: music from the radio

The actual representation ofsound, stored in the form ofsamples (digitized sound)

Digital audio is created whenthe characteristics of a

sound wave is representingin binary format (1,0) foruse in digital devices.

Eg: music clips playing in acomputer

Analogue audio Digital audio


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Audio

Audio Format Extension

AAC (Advance Audio Coding) .aac, .m4p, .mp4

AIFF (Audi Interchang File Format) .aif

MP3 (MPEG-1 Layer 3) .mp3

RealAudio .ra, .ram

Wave .wav

WMA (Windows Media Audio) .wma


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Video

Video is a series of frames containing pictures and

sound played back at a fast rate.


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Video

A single frame is a picture with a specific action. When

several frames of the same picture but with slightvariation in the action, are grouped together and playedback within a specific time, the picture will give animpression of movement.

Video can captivate our attention and helps us retain

more information in our memory than with just textand graphics.


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Video

Video is recorded ontomagnetic tapes.

Video frames are interlaced.

Eg: movies on VCRs andlaser disc

The output is digitized by thecamera into a sequence ofsingle frames.

The video and audio data are

compressed before beingwritten to a tape or digitallystored.

Eg: video clips playing in acomputer

Analogue video Digital video


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Video

Analogue video must be converted into digital formatbefore it can be added to the multimediapresentation.

The process ofconvertingthe video signal to digital

information is calleddigitising video.


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Video

Video files are huge because they contain bothaudio and video data. To control the size of videofor the presentation, video compression is a must.

Video compression allows digital video to beplayed in a computer. Codec

(compressor/decompressor) is used to compressand decompress video data.


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Video

Video Format Extension

AVI(Audio Video Interleave) .avi

Quick Time Movie .mov

MPEG(Moving Picture Expert Group) .mpg or .mpeg

Flash Video .flv

ASF(Advance System Format) .asf or .wmv

RealMedia .rm


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