MULTIMEDIA AND CONTIGUITY PRINCIPLE IN E-LEARNINGCarole Seror

OBJECTIVE

After viewing this presentation, the learner will be able to identify effective Multimedia that integrate image and text in a contiguous manner

MULTIMEDIA PRINCIPLE

“A picture is worth a thousand words”... But a picture with words makes learning

effective!The formula for Success!

ANY GRAPHICS WILL DO?

Any graphics won’t do!Won’t do:Decorative Graphics Will do: Representational Organizational Relational Transformational Interpretive

let’s see some examples:

DECORATIVE GRAPHIC:A PICTURE USED AS A DECORATIVE ELEMENT BUT THAT DOES NOT HELP YOU UNDERSTAND THE TEXT WHICH OF THESE 2 PICTURES A OR B IS A DECORATIVE GRAPHIC?

Camera parts A Camera parts B

YOUR ANSWER PLEASE!

If you picked A, good for you! Picture A does not give any instructional information about the camera parts.

Picture B does give instructional information .

REPRESENTATIONAL GRAPHIC: JUST A PICTURE AND A TITLE.EX: THIS IS A PIPE

ORGANIZATIONAL GRAPHIC: A VISUAL THAT SHOWS THE RELATION BETWEEN ELEMENTS.EX: A TREE DIAGRAM OF DOGS

A tre

e

RELATIONAL GRAPHIC: A VISUAL THAT SHOW A QUANTITATIVE

RELATION BETWEEN ELEMENTS

TRANSFORMATIONAL GRAPHIC: VISUALS THAT SHOW A TRANSFORMATION.

EX: FROM A SQUARE PIECE OF PAPER TO A PAPER CRANE

INTERPRETIVE GRAPHIC: IMAGES THAT HELPS THE LEANER

VISUALIZE THE INVISIBLE

NOW YOU HAVE AN IDEA OF WHAT GRAPHICS CAN DO TO SUPPORT LEARNING.BUT THAT’S NOT ALL.TO MAKE LEARNING EFFECTIVE GRAPHICS AND WORDS NEED TO BE CLOSE TO EACH OTHER ...

THE CONTIGUITY PRINCIPLE

THE CONTIGUITY PRINCIPLE

“Out of sight out of ...... Understanding”... To be effective, graphics and printed words

need to be placed near each other and not separated in space.The formula for

Success!

GOOD USE OF SPACE OR HOW TO AVOID SEPARATION

Text and graphics have to be on the same page

Graphic at the top, and text at the bottom of the page is not a good idea

Feedback has to be seen along wit the questions

Directions for activities must be next to each other

Let’s see some examples!

HERE ARE 2 VISUALS DEPICTING CAMERA PARTS.

WHICH ONE, A OR B IS MORE EFFECTIVE?

Visual A Visual B

YOU SELECTED B AND YOU ARE RIGHT: THE TEXT IS RIGHT BY THE PICTURE AND THE LEARNER KEEPS HIS/HER ATTENTION ON THE LESSON

Visual B

HERE THE LEARNER HAS TO LOOK FOR THE CORRESPONDING TEXT SOME WHERE ELSE AND LOOSES FOCUS

Visual A

Where is the text?

ANATOMY OF A TOBACCO PIPE. EXAMPLE 1

1. BOWL - THIS IS WHERE THE TOBACCO IS BURNED2. SHANK - GENERALLY PART OF THE BOWL IS USED TO NECK THE PIPE DOWN.3. STEM - STEM FITS TIGHTLY INTO THE SHANK VIA A MORTISE AND TENON JOINT4. LIP - RAISE RING AROUND THE STEM5. FILTER - GENERALLY A METAL PIECE ATTACHED TO THE STEM

ANATOMY OF A TOBACCO PIPE. EXAMPLE 2BELOW YOU WILL FIND A DIAGRAM OF A PIPE AND THE 5 DIFFERENT PARTS THAT MAKE UP A PIPE. BOWL - THIS IS WHERE THE TOBACCO IS BURNED. SHANK - GENERALLY PART OF THE BOWL IS USED TO NECK THE PIPE DOWN. STEM - STEM FITS TIGHTLY INTO THE SHANK VIA A MORTISE AND TENON JOINT LIP RAISE RING AROUND THE STEM.FILTER GENERALLY A METAL PIECE ATTACHED TO THE STEM

WHICH OF THE 2 EXAMPLES WAS THE MOST EFFECTIVE?

Anatomy of a Tobacco Pipe. Example 11. Bowl - This is where the tobacco is burned2. Shank - Generally part of the bowl is used to neck the pipe down.3. Stem - Stem fits tightly into the shank via a mortise and tenon joint4. Lip - Raise ring around the Stem5. Filter - Generally a metal piece attached to the Stem 

Anatomy of a Tobacco Pipe. Example 2Below you will find a diagram of a pipe and the 5 different parts that make up a pipe.

Bowl - This is where the tobacco is burned

. Shank - Generally part of the bowl is used to neck the pipe down.

Stem - Stem fits tightly into the shank via a mortise and tenon joint

Lip - Raise ring around the Stem

. Filter - Generally a metal piece attached to the Stem

EXAMPLE 1 HAS A PRETTY PICTURE, BUT WHICH PARTS ARE WHICH?

Anatomy of a Tobacco Pipe. Example 11. Bowl - This is where the tobacco is burned2. Shank - Generally part of the bowl is used to neck the pipe down.3. Stem - Stem fits tightly into the shank via a mortise and tenon joint4. Lip - Raise ring around the Stem5. Filter - Generally a metal piece attached to the Stem 

EXAMPLE 2 IS MORE EFFECTIVE: THE LEARNER IS NOT CONFUSED TRYING TO FIGURE OUT WHICH PARTS ARE

WHICH.

Anatomy of a Tobacco Pipe. Example 2Below you will find a diagram of a pipe and the 5 different parts that make up a pipe.

Bowl - This is where the tobacco is burned

.Shank - Generally part of the bowl is used to neck the pipe down.

Stem - Stem fits tightly into the shank via a mortise and tenon joint

Lip - Raise ring around the Stem

. Filter - Generally a metal piece attached to the Stem

GIVING FEEDBACK: IN THE PREVIOUS EXAMPLES, WHICH DO YOU FIND MORE EFFECTIVE AS FEEDBACK?A OR B

AWhich of the 2 examples

was the most effective?A. Example 1B. Example 2

Or ....

BWHICH OF THE 2 EXAMPLES WAS THE MOST EFFECTIVE?

Anatomy of a Tobacco Pipe. Example 11. Bowl - This is where the tobacco is burned2. Shank - Generally part of the bowl is used to neck the pipe down.3. Stem - Stem fits tightly into the shank via a mortise and tenon joint4. Lip - Raise ring around the Stem5. Filter - Generally a metal piece attached to the Stem 

Anatomy of a Tobacco Pipe. Example 2Below you will find a diagram of a pipe and the 5 different parts that make up a pipe.

Bowl - This is where the tobacco is burned

. Shank - Generally part of the bowl is used to neck the pipe down.

Stem - Stem fits tightly into the shank via a mortise and tenon joint

Lip - Raise ring around the Stem. Filter - Generally a metal piece

attached to the Stem

YOU SELECTED

BBravo!

In answer B, the learner does not have to refer to another space to

view the answers. There is no

separation

IN CONCLUSION

What makes a learning using multimedia effective?

A. PicturesB. Verbal representationsC. Text and picturesD.Text and relevant pictures E. Text and relevant pictures in proximityF. None of the above

E!! YOU ROCK!

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