1PSD11

Takaki HatsuiData Acquisition Team

RIKEN

On behalf of MPCCD collaboration

Sep. 7, 2017

Multi-port CCD detector family at SACLA: six-year operation

status and future outlook

T. Hatsui, RIKEN

Collaborators

PSD11 2

RIKEN, JASRIAll members of SACLA members, especially, K. Ozaki, O. Sugata, Y. Matsuda, Y. Inagaki, T. Tosue, K. Kobayashi, S.

Ono, T. Kameshima Univ. of Hyogo

Takeo Watanabe, Hiroo Kinoshita

Teledyne e2V James Endicott, Ray Bell, P. Jerram et.al.,

Academia Sinica (Taiwan) Chih-Hsun Lin, Ming-lee Chu

A-R-Tec D. Kosaka, T. Imamura, A. Iwata

Meisei Electric N. Tanaka, K. Kubo, H. Murao

SACLA Detector Advisory Committee Peter Denes (chair, LBNL), Andrew Holland (The Open Univ.),

Grzegorz Deputch (Fermilab), Yasuo Arai (KEK), Bernd Schmitt (PSI)

Sep. 7, 2017

Outline

PSD11 3

SACLA

MPCCD at the experiment

MPCCD detector family

Sensor variants

Camera System

First Generation Camera system

Compact Camera System

Development model: Mechanical development

Summary

Sep. 7, 2017

T. Hatsui, RIKEN

Multi-Port CCD Phase I: Performance

PSD11 4Sep. 7, 2017

Specifications

Pixel Size: 50 µm

Pixel Number: 512 x 1024 (0.5 M)

Bit Depth:effective 19 bits

Dead Area: Top 300 µm, Sides 150 µm

Pixels with high X-ray Radiation hardness

3.2 × 1014 photons/mm2@12 keV

～1 Mgy

Frame rate: 60 frame/s

Performance at 30 frame/s

Peak Signal: 4-5 Me-

Noise: < 300 e-rms

Kameshima et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 033110 (2014)

8 Readout ports

Deployment

>75 % of proposals at SACLA

T. Hatsui, RIKEN

List of Works with MPCCD as primary data acquisition apparatus

5Sep. 7, 2017

1. Saturable absorption of intense hard X-rays in iron, Nature Communications, Yoneda, Hitoki et al., Nature Communications 5, p5080:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6080

2. Macromolecular structures probed by combining single-shot free-electron laser diffraction with synchrotron coherent X-ray imaging,Nature Communications, Gallagher-Jones, Marcus et al., Nature

Communications 5: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4798

3. Single-shot three-dimensional structure determination of nanocrystals with femtosecond X-ray free-electron laser pulses, Nature Communications, Xu, Rui et al., Nature Communications 5: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5061

4. Dark-field phase retrieval under the constraint of the Friedel symmetry in coherent X-ray diffraction imaging, Optics Express,Kobayashi, Amane et al., Optics Express 22, 23, p27892: http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.22.027892

5. Grease matrix as a versatile carrier of proteins for serial crystallography, Nature Methods, Sugahara, Michihiro et al., Nature Methods12, 1, p61: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.3172

6. Single Shot Coherence Properties of the Free-Electron Laser SACLA in the Hard X-ray Regime, Scientific Reports, Lehmkühler, Felixet al., Scientific Reports 4: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep05234

7. Signal enhancement and Patterson-search phasing for high-spatial-resolution coherent X-ray diffraction imaging of biological objects,Scientific Reports, Takayama, Yuki et al., Scientific Reports 5, p8074: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep08074

8. Synthesis of Janus-Like Gold Nanoparticles with Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Faces by Surface Ligand Exchange and Their Self-Assemblies in Water, Langmuir, Iida, Ryo et al., Langmuir 31, 14, p4054: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la504647z

9. Coherent X-Ray Diffraction Imaging of Chloroplasts from Cyanidioschyzon merolae by Using X-Ray Free Electron Laser, Plant and Cell Physiology, Takayama, Y. et al., Plant and Cell Physiology http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcv032

10. Ultraviolet photochemical reaction of [Fe(III)(C2O4)3]3− in aqueous solutions studied by femtosecond time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy using an X-ray free electron laser, Structural Dynamics, Ogi, Y. et al., Structural

Dynamics 2, 3, p034901:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4918803

11. Possibilities for serial femtosecond crystallography sample delivery at future light sourcesa), Structural Dynamics, Chavas, L. M. G. et al., Structural Dynamics 2, 4, p041709: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4921220

12. Cryogenic coherent x-ray diffraction imaging for biological non-crystalline particles using the KOTOBUKI-1 diffraction apparatus at SACLA, Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Oroguchi, Tomotaka et al., Journal of Physics B: Atomic,

Molecular and Optical Physics 48, 18, p184003: http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/48/18/184003

13. Atomic inner-shell laser at 1.5-ångström wavelength pumped by an X-ray free-electron laser, Nature, Yoneda, Hitoki et al., Nature 524,7566, p446: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature14894

14. Characterizing transverse coherence of an ultra-intense focused X-ray free-electron laser by an extended Young's experiment, IUCrJ,Inoue, Ichiro et al., IUCrJ 2, 6, p620: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S2052252515015523

15. Towards single particle imaging of human chromosomes at SACLA, Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics,Robinson, Ian et al., Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical

Physics 48, 24, p244007: http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/48/24/244007

16. Extending the potential of x-ray free-electron lasers to industrial applications—an initiatory attempt at coherent diffractive imaging on car-related nanomaterials, Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Yoshida, Rikiya et al., Journal of

Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 48, 24, p244008: http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/48/24/244008

17. Sequential Single Shot X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy at the SACLA Free Electron Laser, Scientific Reports, Lehmkühler, Felix et al., Scientific Reports 5, p17193: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep17193

18. Concentric-flow electrokinetic injector enables serial crystallography of ribosome and photosystem II, Nature Methods, Sierra, Raymond G et al., Nature Methods http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.3667

19. Native sulfur/chlorine SAD phasing for serial femtosecond crystallography, Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography, Nakane, Takanori et al., Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological

Crystallography 71, 12, p2519:http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S139900471501857X

20. Inline spectrometer for shot-by-shot determination of pulse energies of a two-color X-ray free-electron laser, Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, Tamasaku, Kenji et al., Journal of Synchrotron

Radiation 23, 1, p331: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S1600577515020196

21. Classification and assessment of retrieved electron density maps in coherent X-ray diffraction imaging using multivariate analysis,Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, Sekiguchi, Yuki et al., Journal of Synchrotron

Radiation 23, 1, p312:http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S1600577515018202

22. Fixed target single-shot imaging of nanostructures using thin solid membranes at SACLA, Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Nam, Daewoong et al., Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical

Physics 49, 3, p034008:http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/49/3/034008

23. A beam branching method for timing and spectral characterization of hard X-ray free-electron lasers, Structural Dynamics, Katayama, Tetsuo et al., Structural Dynamics 3, 3, p034301: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4939655

24. Observation of femtosecond X-ray interactions with matter using an X-ray–X-ray pump–probe scheme, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Inoue, Ichiro et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of

Sciences 113, 6, p1492:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516426113

25. Cryogenic coherent X-ray diffraction imaging of biological samples at SACLA: a correlative approach with cryo-electron and light microscopy, Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances, Takayama, Yuki et al., Acta Crystallographica Section

A Foundations and Advances 72, 2, p179: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S2053273315023980

26. Microcrystal delivery by pulsed liquid droplet for serial femtosecond crystallography, Acta Crystallographica Section D Structural Biology, Mafuné, Fumitaka et al., Acta Crystallographica Section D Structural

Biology 72, 4, p520:http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S2059798316001480

27. Oil-free hyaluronic acid matrix for serial femtosecond crystallography, Scientific Reports, Sugahara, Michihiro et al., Scientific Reports6, p24484: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep24484

28. Multiple defocused coherent diffraction imaging: method for simultaneously reconstructing objects and probe using X-ray free-electron lasers, Optics Express, Hirose, Makoto et al., Optics Express 24, 11, p11917: http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.24.011917

29. Specimen preparation for cryogenic coherent X-ray diffraction imaging of biological cells and cellular organelles by using the X-ray free-electron laser at SACLA, Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, Kobayashi, Amane et al., Journal of Synchrotron

Radiation 23, 4,p975: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S1600577516007736

30. K. Tamasaku et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 111(4), 043001 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.043001

31. Y. Takahashi et al., Nano Lett. 13(12), 6028 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl403247x

32. T. Kimura et al., Nat. Commun. 5, 3052 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4052

33. K. Tamasaku et al., “X-ray two-photon absorption competing against single and sequential multiphoton processes,” Nat. Photonics (published online). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2014.10

34. Y. Inubushi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109(14), 144801 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.144801

35. T. Katayama et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(13), 131105 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4821108

36. Y. Obara et al., Opt. Express 22(1), 1105–1113 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.22.001105

http://xfel.riken.jp/research/indexnn.html

PSD11

T. Hatsui, RIKEN

Coherent Diffraction Imaging

PSD11 6Sep. 7, 2017

Octal-Sensor Detector

4 Mpixels

Stepped Tiling

dead width 300/150 µm

Adjustable Central Hole

A backside port for

down stream detector

Rui Xu et.al., Nat. Com.,

5, 4061 (2014)

live cell in micro-

liquid enclosure Y. Takahashi et.al.,

Nano Lett., 13, 6028 (2013).T. Kimura et.al., Nat.

Com. 5, Art. Num. 3052

Au/Ag Nanobox

M. C. Newton, et.al.,

Nano Lett. 5, 2413-2418 (2014).

3D Imaging Time-Resolved Imaging

Kameshima et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 033110 (2014)

Pump Laser

XFEL

crystals

Diverse application platform for hard X-ray diffraction in SACLA (DAPHNIS)

• He atmosphere• Various types of injectors• Easy-going Customization

A platform for various applicatoins

Powder diffractionSolution scattering

Tono et al., J. Synchrotron Rad. (2015)

MPCCD detector

Sample injector

XFEL

Sample

Chamber

P&P SFX

7PSD11Sep. 7, 2017

Detector for DAPHNIS

PSD11 8Sep. 7, 2017

All heat dissipation parts are included in this water cooled rack to minimize the optical instability.

Isolated from Sample injection region.

T. Hatsui, RIKEN

MPCCD for

Serial Femtosecond X-ray Crystallography (SFX)

PSD11 9Sep. 7, 2017

Short-Working Distance Camera since March 2013.

4 Mpixels

Flat Imaging Surface

Fixed Central Hole (3 x 3 mm2)

Short-working distance

A backside port for down stream detector

T. Hatsui, RIKEN

Serial Femtosecond X-ray Crystallography (SFX)

PSD11 10Sep. 7, 2017

C. Song, et.al., J. Appl. Cryst. (2014). 47, 188–197.

lysozyme crystal

First LightEriko Nango et al. Science 2016;354:1552-1557

bacteriorhodopsin (bR).

Photosystem II

M. Suga et al. Nature (2017) doi:10.1038/nature21400

S3 state

X-ray Quantum Optics

Tamasaku et al,Nature Photon 8 313 (2014)

Yoneda et al., Nature Com 5 5080 (2014)

Two photon absorption

Asai-sensei (U Tokyo)

Photon-photon scattering

Shwartz et al., PRL 112 163901 (2014)

Second harmonic generation

Inada et al., Phys Lett B 732, 356-359 (2014)

Saturable absorptionIntense pump x-rays strip K-shell electrons and K-edge disappeared

Sep. 7, 2017 PSD11 11

T. Hatsui, RIKEN

MPCCD Detector family

12PSD11Sep. 7, 2017

Sensor Variants

PSD11 13Sep. 7, 2017

*operated with Compact Camera System at 60 fps.**operated with First Gen. Camera at 30 fps.

Phase III-L**: Back IlluminatedSensitive volume thickness: 300 µmENC: 32-47 e-rms (avg. 39 e-rms)

Phase Ib*: Front IlluminatedSensitive volume thickness: 50 µmENC: 110-180 e-rms (avg. 130 e-rms)

Phase I workhorse at SACLAfor most of the experiments

Phase III-L• Rare Event Detection• Compromise on PSF• Applications: XQO, XAFS, etc.

Sensor

Supportingchip

Phase IIIb*: Back IlluminatedSensitive volume thickness: 300 µmENC: 130-230 e-rms (avg. 160 e-rms)

Phase III• Compromise on PSF• Applications: SFX

T. Hatsui, RIKEN

Single-Photon Detection

PSD11 14Sep. 7, 2017

Phase III&III-L

Phase I

Intensity [DN]

1

102

104

106Fre

qu

en

cy

0 50 100 150-50

5.9 keV

Fe55

5.9 keV

Intensity(DN)0 100

100

105

Fre

qu

en

cy

1

102

104

106

Intensity [DN]0 200 400

6.49 keV5.9 keV

Fe55

Phase I

Phase III Phase III-L

Original

Reconstructed

S. Ono, K. Ozaki et.al.,

PSF

9-10 µm rms

@12 keV

PSF

3-4 µm rms

@12 keV

(*)

First Generation Detector System

MPCCD Detector Variants

PSD11 15Sep. 7, 2017

Phase I Phase II

•Indirect Detector

Phase III Phase III-L Phase IV

•Soft X-ray

2011- 2012- 2014- 2014- Waiting decision

Sensor

Detector System

Compact Camera System

June. 2016-

2011-

Under Deployment

First Gen. Camera System

PSD11

16

Issues in the Accuracy

Cross-talk, Undershoot

(serial)

Undershoot (parallel)

60 fps operation

Significant accuracy

degradation

New needs

In-vacuum operation

> 4 Mpixel detector with

4-side butted sensor array

Sep. 7, 2017

X260×Y250×Z51 [mm]

X217×Y50×Z15 [mm]

X

Y

Z

Compact Camera System

Compact Camera System: Proximity Board

PSD11 17Sep. 7, 2017

X320×Y47×Z18 [mm]

+

Driver Board (DB)

Proximity ReadoutBoard (PRB)

Video Chain Board (VCB)

X

Z

Y

Compact Camera System: Example

PSD11 18Sep. 7, 2017

8 Sensor Array

Weight & Footprint reduced significantly.

Compact Camera System: Cross-talk

PSD11 19Sep. 7, 2017

He-Ne Laser IlluminationCCD sensor output Line profile

[e-]

Cross Talk ～1300 ppm

After linear calibration < 50 ppm (undetectable within a frame)

PCB Components & Layout OptimizationCamera Input Cap.

30 → 14 pF

Reduction of Cross-talk (A)

A) Capacitive coupling in the FPCWeak temp. dependency

B) Capacitive coupling at the floating diffusion node in CCDs

“Serial Undershoot”

PSD11 20Sep. 7, 2017

Charge Injection Image(4 Me-)

Line ProfileAverage of row 528~544

Undershoot0.08 % off the injected charge

“Parallel Undershoot”

PSD11 21

Uniform Illumination by Optical Light

Sep. 7, 2017

[e-][e-]

First Gen. Camera System Compact Camera System

Overscanregion

Overscanregion

Line Profile

Readout Scheme

PSD11 22Sep. 7, 2017

CCDAC coupling (level shift)

Preamplifier CCD AC coupling (level shift)

Preamplifier

First Gen. Camera System Compact Camera System

Calibration

PSD11 23

Lab. X-ray Calibration

System gain, flat field

Rel. gain among readout ports.

Optical calibration

Cross talk

Full well

Relative gain among readout ports

Pixel Position

Sep. 7, 2017

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 81 - 1300 27 -39 -49 61 -32 372 1411 - 9 -45 -53 112 -1 583 49 -202 - 1353 -179 145 -45 794 144 -91 1363 - -55 126 -22 785 104 -52 153 -97 - 1520 -9 1266 74 -28 149 -186 1379 - -191 837 67 -19 122 -80 41 -13 - 14618 41 -4 91 -74 -6 10 1306 -

Victim Port

AggressorPort

Cross talk Linearity Verification

Cross talk Calibration Table

Detector performance for phase I sensor

PSD11 24Sep. 7, 2017

While increasing the readout rate (30 → 60 fps), all the performance metrics were improved.

Comparison with the other CCD camera system

PSD11 25Sep. 7, 2017

MPCCD Compact Camera System is one of the state-of-art CCD camera.

Items

MPCCDCompactCameraSystem

LSST* Unit comments

number of CCDs 1 3 N/APixel Processing time 0.18 1.84 usOutput amplifier sensitivity 0.5 11 μ V/e-

140 9 e-rms70 96 μ Vrms

Full Signal Swing 4,700 175 ke-Dynamic Range 90.52 86 dB MPCCD for 4.7 Me-/140 e-rms

1300 adjacent port200 non-adjacent port

Conversion Rate 1.1 0.5 GbpsDigital Output bandwidth 0.5 0.5 GbpsPower Dissipation 29 17 WPower Dissipation/1 conv. 26.9 34 nW/conv.*) retrieved from presentation of P. O’Connor (BNL) in TWEPP 2014

200

Read Noise Spec.

Electronic Cross Talk ppm

Deployment

PSD11 26

~~~Image Judgment~~~ ---spike noise check--- spike noise judgment range: > +-6*sigma [DN] spike noise judgment threshold pixel number: < 10 [pixel] bad port mark '***'

Current spike occurrence.... Port1: 0 [pixel] /PASS Port2: 0 [pixel] /PASS Port3: 1 [pixel] /PASS Port4: 1 [pixel] /PASS Port5: 2 [pixel] /PASS Port6: 0 [pixel] /PASS Port7: 0 [pixel] /PASS Port8: 1 [pixel] /PASS

---Noise performance check--- Conversion factor: 4.28932 [e-/DN] good/bad judgment threshold: < 350 [e- r.m.s.] bad port mark '***'

Current noise performance... Port1: 37.717 [e- r.m.s.] /PASS Port2: 30.8969 [e- r.m.s.] /PASS Port3: 38.6561 [e- r.m.s.] /PASS Port4: 42.5996 [e- r.m.s.] /PASS Port5: 33.6574 [e- r.m.s.] /PASS Port6: 40.2559 [e- r.m.s.] /PASS Port7: 31.932 [e- r.m.s.] /PASS Port8: 36.3601 [e- r.m.s.] /PASS

---Background fluctuation check--- fluctuation judgment range: frame average +-3.5 [DN] bad port mark '***'

Current fluctuation... Port1: frame average -1.62486e-17 [DN], min -1.38596 [DN], max 1.20378 [DN], max-min 2.58974 [DN] /PASS Port2: frame average 1.51499e-17 [DN], min -1.3035 [DN], max 1.43043 [DN], max-min 2.73393 [DN] /PASS Port3: frame average -1.74051e-17 [DN], min -1.78958 [DN], max 1.77194 [DN], max-min 3.56152 [DN] /PASS Port4: frame average -1.80411e-17 [DN], min -1.94292 [DN], max 1.97923 [DN], max-min 3.92214 [DN] /PASS Port5: frame average -2.77556e-17 [DN], min -1.89774 [DN], max 1.77233 [DN], max-min 3.67007 [DN] /PASS Port6: frame average -1.33682e-17 [DN], min -1.40771 [DN], max 1.47006 [DN], max-min 2.87777 [DN] /PASS Port7: frame average -2.81893e-19 [DN], min -1.39481 [DN], max 1.35106 [DN], max-min 2.74588 [DN] /PASS Port8: frame average 7.66892e-18 [DN], min -1.33219 [DN], max 1.0876 [DN], max-min 2.4198 [DN] /PASS

---Check result--- No problem

Sep. 7, 2017

Automated Self Diagnostic Software is installed.Noise, noise distribution, background drift..

Noise distributionBackground drift

T. Hatsui, RIKEN

Camera Head Variants

27PSD11Sep. 7, 2017

Example: MPCCD Single-Sensor Detector

PSD11 28

Specifications One sensor (0.5 Mpixels) in

a Camera head Be window. UHV compatible CF flange with round shape

Large & Heavy Applications X-ray Laser commissioning X-ray Wavelength Monitors First Experiments

Sep. 7, 2017

Deployment: 2011-0.5 Mpixel

Smaller Footprint

PSD11 29Sep. 7, 2017

Deployment: 2013-

Specifications

One sensor (0.5 Mpixels) in a

Camera head

Be window.

UHV compatible

CF flange with round shape

O-ring shield

→ Rectangular Camera head

Applications

Various user experiments

Wavelength Monitor

PSD11 30Sep. 7, 2017

Relative Photon Energy [eV]

Yuichi Inubushi, et.al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 144801

K. Tamasaku et.al., J. Synchrotron Rad. (2016). 23, 331–333.

Online: Non-destructive (deployment 2011-)

Destructive

Dedicated camera for Single shot spectrometer

PSD11 31Sep. 7, 2017

Research: demonstration at single photon energyDeployment: need to support wide photon energy range→ Detector Rotation. Mechanics was optimized in order

to maximize the energy range

Katayama-san (SACLA)

Smaller Footprint with Compact Camera System

PSD11 32Sep. 7, 2017

Sep. 7, 2017 PSD11 33

MPCCD Variants and Its integration0.5 Mpixel Detector (17 systems in operation)

1 Mpixel Detector (7 systems in operation)

4 Mpixel Detector (7 systems in operation)

Total 28 systems with 43.5 Mpixels.

Number is still increasing.

EMP resistant Camera is not shown

as of Aug. 2017

MPCCD detector: Development model

PSD11 34Sep. 7, 2017

Waterfall

Agile

Spiral

Analysis Planning Development Evaluation

Analysis

Planning

Development

Evaluatio

nAnalysis

Planning

Development

Evaluatio

n

Analysis

Planning

Development

Evaluatio

n

AnalysisPlanning

Development Evaluation

• Details of the Specifications changes upon science developments

• Photon Science characteristics?

Sensor & Readout Electronics

Mechanics & Software

Developments at RIKEN SPring-8 Center

PSD11 35Sep. 7, 2017

DetectorsPixel Size

SaturationFrameRate

Saturation Count Rate

Max. Pixel

Number

Raw Data Rate

Status

Unit µm phs.@12 keV

frames/s

Mphs.@12 keV

Pixel/system

Gbps/system

N/A

MPCCDPhase I

50 1,400 60 0.04* 5 ～10 Deployment

SOPHIAS 30 5,700 60 0.17* 3.8 ～6Production/Deployment

SPring-8-II 70 1,800 17,000 30(600)

21.2 10,000 Development (FY2013-2020)

*) at 30 fps

DLSRs

Future Synchrotron Radiation Sources (SPring-8-II)

XFELs DLSRs

Summary

PSD11 36

MPCCD detector family has contributed scientific

outcome at SACLA.

Detector variants

Sensor

Phase I, III, III-L are under deployment

Camera System

Development of Compact Camera System was

completed, and now under deployment.

Accuracy was improved.

Mechanics and Software have been developed within a

spiral model

This was enabled by a modular system design.

Sep. 7, 2017