Insects And Different Bird Pests

Muhammad Kamran Sial

Department Of Entomology University Of Sargodha Pakistan

Common weaver bird(Baya Weaver)

T.N: Ploceus philippinusFamily: PloceidaeOrder: PasseriformesClass: AvesPhylum: Chordata

Distribution

 Indian Subcontinent Southeast Asia.

 

Identification

Sparrow-sized (15 cm) Plumage: In non-breeding plumage both males and females resemble female house sparrowsMating calls: continuous chit-chit-… ending in a wheezy cheee-eee-ee….. Hanging retort shaped nests woven from leaves on the eastern side of the tree to shelter from the Southwest Monsoon

 

Nest

s

Male Female

Breeding(During monsoon)

The males are polygynous, mating with 2 to 3 females one after anotherThe female lays about 2 to 4 white eggs The females are responsible for incubating and bringing up the broodThey nest in colonies typically of up to 20-30 close to the source of food

Damage

 Social and gregarious birdsThey forage in flocks for seedsBoth on the plants and on the groundKnown to glean paddy and other grain in harvested fieldsoccasionally damage ripening crops wild grasses Feeding on seedlings in the germination stage as well as on early stages of grainGrain loss can be of 1 kg rice per bird

 

Control

 Traditional bird scaring methodsUse of model or actual dead birds

Chemical Control

Method of partially treating paddy fieldAfter flowering stage By attracting birds by artificial roostingTo the treated area(with carbofuran)1-10 % of total cultivated areaThe pesticide must be very toxic and bird repellent

Till Hawk Moth

Agrius convolvuliSphingidaeLepidoptera

Identification

Life Cycle

MultivoltineEggs :seed-like shiny laid singlyIncubation : 5-10 dayslarva : 14-21 daysPupal : 7-11 days A complete life cycle occupies 4 to 5 weeksPupation occurs in earthern cells several centimetres below the soil surface

A

C

B

D

E

DamageHosts:

Sweet potato Other ConvolvulaceaeSeveral important legumes

Damage

The larva is a large voracious caterpillar Extremely sluggishCapable of defoliating the plant. Feeds on the leaf blade causing large irregular holes Eventually  eats the entire leaf blade leaving only the petiole.  Preferring young leaves, but will eat all leaves if population is high Frass can be found near the infested

plant part

ControlIchneumonidae

Trichogrammatidae

Entomophthora sp

Grylli type Fungus

Control

Pesticide use is not recommended as it disrupts the action of the egg and larval parasites

Army worm

T. N : Mythimna separata

Family : NoctuidaeOrder : Lepidoptera

Identification

Adult : pale brownLarvae : Freshly emerged larvae very active dull white and later turn green

Larvae

Damage

In the early stages they feed on tender leaves in the central whorl of plant.

As they grow they feed on older leaves and skeltonize totally.

In case of severe attack whole leaves including mid rib are consumed.

Damage

Field looks as grazed by cattle.

Pest may also eat away ears, awns , and the immature grain.

The yield losses up to 42% have been reported.

Control

Pest can be suppressed by collecting and destroying the Catterpillar.Chemical control :Spray 500ml of Dichlorvos 85 SL3 kg of Carbonyl 50 WP1 L of quinalphosIn 250 L of water per ha.

House Crow

Kingdom : AnimaliaPhylum : Chordata Class : Aves Order : Passeriformes Family : CorvidaeGenus : CorvusSpecies: Splendens

Identification

The forehead throat and upper breast are a richly glossed black, whilst the neck and breast are a lighter grey-brown in colour. The wings, tail and legs are also black.

Damage

Crow is a primary consumer and omnivorous in nature.It may feed on dead rats ,carrion ,kitchen scraps, locusts ,termites , the eggs of other birds and the ripening grain of Maize and Fruits. Cause more damage in the seedling stage than the mature. predator of small animals, including amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

Control

Biological parasite : Eudynamys scolopaceaA dead crow hanging on the top of pole in the field can be effectively used.Destroy egg and nest during June-August.The Maize cobs on the plant can be protected by wrapping one.A large wire gauze having on one side a converging entrance.

Chemical control :

A piece of chapatti dipped in 0.3 % Methyl Parathion or in 2 % Fenthion placed on the

top of roof is a good bait.

Cabbage semi looper

T. N : Thysanoplusia orichalcea Family : Noctuidae Order : Lepidoptera

Identification

Adult Larvae

Adult : color light palish brown Large golden patch on eachforewingLarvae : Plump and palish green

Damage

pollyphagous Cause damage by bitting round holes into

cabbage leaves. Bitting holes varry according to their stage

of development Loss of qulity nd quantity Very difficult to identify on walking look like semi loops and cabbage catter plillar

control

Hand picking Mechanical destruction Spray 1 L of malathion50EC 925 ML of Endusulfan In 250L of water per ha

T.N: Passer domesticus

Family: PasseridaeOrder: PasseriformesClass: Aves

Identification

 It has a typical length of 16 cm  Females and young birds are

coloured pale brown and grey Males have brighter black, white,

and brown markings

Breeding

The House Sparrow is monogamous Two to six eggs are white spotted

with grayish spotsIncubation period 11–14 daysThey have a long breeding season

July to April, with peak breeding between September and February.

Two or three broods are commonly raised during this season

Damage

 Vegetables and cereals Most abundant in oats and wheat-

growing areas Feeds on the seeds

of grains and weeds and eats whatever foods are available

The proportion of seeds as diet = 90% Buds, berries, and fruits such as

grapes and cherries

Damage

Young House Sparrows are fed mostly on insects until about fifteen days after hatching

Can act as a vector of diseases

Control

Destruction of roosting and nesting sitesEncourage the catsClose all openings over 2 cmPoultry houses and feedersshould be screenedRemoval of hedgerows adjacent to cropFields Alternate the use of several audio and

visual frightening devicesFenthion by using Rid-A-Bird® perches.

Wheat Aphid

Taxonomy:Order: HemipteraFamily: AphididaeT.N: Macrosiphum Miscanthi

Wheat Aphid

Identification: The insects are green louse like. The nymphs and the females look alike.It breeds at a fast rate during cold weatherincreased population in February-March The females give birth to young ones Parthenogenetically. In October-November, the aphids again appear on wheat.

Wheat Aphid

Adult and Nymph

Wheat Aphid

Damage: The nymphs and adults suck the sap particularly from their ears. The damage is particularly severe in years of cold and cloudy weather. A heavily manured, well-irrigated and succulent crop will harbour the pest for a longer period and suffer greater damage.

Wheat Aphid

Control: Spray 375 ml of dimethoate 30 EC or oxydemeton methyl 25 EC or monocrotophos 36SL in 500 L of water per ha. Since the aphids appear first on the borders of the crop, spray only the infected strip to check further spread.Coccinella spp is used to control aphid.

Mustard Saw Fly

T.N: Athalia Lugens Family: TenthredinidaeOrder: Hymenoptera

Mustard Saw FlyIdentification:

Adult: Head and thorax is black in colour. Abdomen is orange colour. Wings are translucent, smoky with black veins.

Mustard Saw Fly

Identification:Larvae: -

Greenish black with wrinkled body and has eight pairs of pro-legs. On touch the larva falls to ground and feigns death.

Mustard Saw Fly

Damage: Cole crops (mustard, cabbage, cauliflower, radish, etc.) Other host plants in family Brassicaceae.Leaves defoliated from the margins and presence of dark brown or black caterpillars with black head, swollen thorax, yellow spotted body and more than seven pairs of legs aggregating on the cut edges of leaves.

Mustard Saw Fly

Control:Summer ploughing to destroy the pupa.Early sowing should be done.Maintain clean cultivation.Apply irrigation in seedling stage is very crucial for sawfly management because most of the larvae die due to drowning effect. Severe cold reduces pest load.Collection and destruction of grubs of saw fly in morning and evening

Mustard Saw Fly

Control:Conserve Perilissus cingulator (parasitoids of the grubs), and the bacterium Serratia marcescens which infect the larvae of sawfly.Use of bitter gourd seed oil emulsion as on anti- feedant.Spray the crop with malathion 50 EC @ 1000 ml/ha quinolphos 25 EC @ 625ml/ha. All this should be applied in about 600 to 700 litres of water per ha.

MUSTARD APHID

Taxonomy

Scientific name:  Lipaphis erysimi

Family: Aphididae

Order: Homoptera

IDENTIFICATION

Soft bodied ,small sized

Female aphids yellowish green or olive green

A pair of cornicles on fifth abdominal segment

Male aphids are dusky green to olive in colour

Life cycle

Eggs lay along the veins of leave

Four nymphal instar are present

Nymphal stage consist 9-8 days

After the last molt ,pass 2-3 days start

producing youngones

Adult stage duration is 26-30days

50-100 young produce each female in his life.

Adult of mustard and Nymphs

DAMAGE

Both stage cause damage

Suk the cell sap

Advanced stage plant may be die or wither

Honey dew secrete which promote sooty mold

Vector of many diseases

Damage symptoms

Control

Use resistance verities

Crop sown before 20th October

Avoid excess use of fertilizer

Destroyed effected parts of plants

Use imidachloprid 250gm/acre

PAINTED BUG

TAXONOIMY

Scientific name

Bagrada hilaris

Family

pentatomidae

Order

Hemiptera

IDENTIFICATION

Adult is 5-7mm long

Black shield shaped body with white

and orange marking

Female are larger than male

Female lay egg beneath host plant

Five nymphal instar

Female is larger than male

Life cycle

Number of generation depend upon climatic conditionMultivoltineEggs hatch in four daysEggs are barrel shaped and white in colorLater on change into orange colorPrefer cold temperatureAll stages present on plant partsNymphal stage remain 2 to 3weeksFive nymphal instarit also attack on weed like lambs quarters

Eggs Nymphs

Different Stages

ADULT

Lambs quarters (weed)

DAMAGE

Both adult and nymph feed on leaves, stem and

seed

Feed on plant juices

Seedlings are more effected by them

Plant become wither and ultimate die

Control

Carefully monitor the plant damage

Remove weed present near the pod