mtnnmntymrnu woman as an inventor. england indicted....
TRANSCRIPT
4 HELENA. WEEKLY HERALD
m tnnm ntym rnUFISK BROS., - - Publishers.R . B . F I S K , . - E d ito r .
T H U R S D A Y . M A Y 3 . 1 8 8 3 .
Cotton-seed oil is the best material known for making glycerine. One gallon of crude oil returns three and one-half pounds of glycerine.
H eavy stone walls are the thing for this country. They are warm in winter, cool in summer, fires cannot burn them, winds cannot blow them down.
The Dismal Swamp is fast losing its character. Its morasses are being converted into fertile fields, while canals and railroads penetrate it in every direction. __________________
The United States Supreme Court has decided that claims of the United States against an insolvent National bank are entitled to priority payment out of its assets.
W O M A N A S A N I N V E N T O R .
Rear Admiral Baldwin, in command of the United States squadron in European waters, has been designated as the victim to attend the coronation of the Czar as his country’s representative.
J udge David Davis proposes to turn Dudley Hall,^the principal house of amusement at Bloomington, 111., into a business place, and to build in the same town a theatre that shall surpass anything of the kind in Illinois.
Miss Belle Cushman Eaton, a grandniece of the famous Charlotte Cushman, is said to be preparing to go upon the stage. ishe is 17 years old, lives in Boston, and appeared as a public reader for the first time a few evenings ago.
The French Academy has just rewarded one-third of the Jouy prize of fifteen hundred francs to Jeanne Mairret for her novel “Marca.” Jeanne Mairret is Mme. Charles Bigot, daughter of Mr. Healey, the well-known American artist in Paris.
The cyclone that wiped out the towns of Wesson and Beauregard in Mississippi with such fatal effects, did not end its career or ravages with that work of destruction, but news is still coming in of other points visited in its eastern course with various forms of its destructive energy. There is something dreadful about these wind storms. Their area of destruction seems every year increasing, and their harvests of death and desolation are rapidly assuming larger proportions. They begin earlier at the South, but their matured energies are liable to be displayed in the prairie regions of Kansas, Iowa, and Illinois.
The gale at Franklin, Idaho, about 3 o’clock last Tuesday morning, must have been severe for that part of the country to have overturned a moving train. The Pullman and passenger coaches went over on their side. The depot and telegraph poles kept the rest of the train from going clear over. It speaks well for the strength of the telegraph poles. South of Cache valley the wind played smash with a freight train. We have flattered ourselves that hurricanes did not breed out so close to the main range, but our faith is getting shaken. It is best to “look a little out” wherever one may be.
There are symptoms of an interporciue war between Germany and the United States. There is a general chorus of assaults upon Minister Sargent, charging him with the serious dereliction of urging the United States to retaliate. Well, even if this were true, which Sargent denies, it would be no more than the facts would justify. The German press and the government have insulted, not only the entire people of the United States, but the intelligence of all nations, that, besides our on people, are large consumers of our pork. The same pork that Germany pretends to reject on “economic sanitary” grounds is consumed daily by millions in America aqd Europe, and by them pronounced the best produced in the world. Shall we alloiv such a foul slander against one of our chief articles of production and export to pass uncontradicted and unresented ? Though it is something beyond the reach of the administration, and perhaps beyond effectual redress by Congress, we w’ish there could be found some way to retaliate in full measure. There are millions of Germans in America who are living witnesses to the falsity of the slanders against our pork. The allusion to the English forcing of opium on the unwilling Chinese is not fortunate or pertinent. To compare our pork 1o opium is an additional outrage.
In the May number of the North American Review is an article with the above heading by Matilda Joslyn Gage, vindicating her sex from the false charge of having no inventive faculty. Much of the article is devoted to some very shadowy claims of very ancient date, too remote for investigation, and sustained only by frail tradition. It is not only possible, but probable, that the textile quality of silk and cotton may have been discovered by women. But we do not remember before to have seen the claim urged that the real inventor of the cotton- gin was a woman. Here it is made distinctly and with such minuteness of detail as to inspire confidence. The widow of General Green is the accredited discoverer. After the Revolution General Green settled in Georgia, where he soon after died. His widow w’as left with a cotton plantation. The difficulty of separating the seed from the cotton was the principal matter of concern and conversation. It w’as a day’s wrork for a negro to separate a pound of black seed from the lint. Planters’ families engaged in this long, slow work as a regular evening’s employment. While thus often employed Mrs. Green is said to have conceived the idea of the cotton-gin, and entrusted its execution to Eli Whitney, who wras then boarding writh her. The first attempt w’ith wooden teeth failing, Whitney W'as ready to abandon the enterprise, but Mrs. Green’s faith grew stronger and more fertile, suggesting the substitution of wrire, and w’ithin ten days from the first conception of the idea the completed model, in working order, substantially as it nowT exists, was finished. No single invention has proved of greater value. Instead of one pound, 300 could be cleaned with the same amount of labor. The patent w’as taken out in Whitney’s name to save the lady from ridicule and loss of social position.
Among other notable inventions made by w’omen, mention is made of the mower and reaper by Mrs. Manning, who first suggested the combination of teeth and cutters, which was patented in her husband’s name in 1818. Other improvements on the mower and reaper are the invention of wromen. The simple, but invaluable, idea of the gimlet screw was the suggestion of a little girl.
Mrs. Mary E. Walton is the inventor of the most successful contrivance for deadening sound of elevated railroads, a subject on which Edison worked for a long time. The same lady has taken out a patent for a smoke burner, said by British officials to be the greatest invention of the age.
The deep-sea telescope, so useful on many accounts, is the invention of Mrs. Mather, and was improved by her daughter. Miss Maggie Knight invented the machine for the manufacture of satchel- bottom paper bags, and refused $50,000 for he invention soon after taking out her patent.
The proposition seems pretty well made out that there is no ground for the assertion that woman is deficient in inventive faculty, but in proportion to her opportunity and effort she has shown herself the peer of man. And further, that her inventions have been of practical value to mankind as much as those of men. The growth of invention is indicated by the fact stated that in the reign of George III. the annual average of patents was only fourteen. Now they average 5,000 per annum in Great Baitain, and 18,000 in the United States.
E N G L A N D I N D I C T E D .
The National
CLOSING THE GAP.
REDUCING THE COUNTY BURDEN.
The coming week, after May 1st, will witness the extinction of the ten per cent, indebtedness of Lewis and Clarke county. The ten per cent, bonds will be exchanged for six per cents., and the ten per cent, outstanding warrants will be called in and paid off with the avails of the six per cent, bonds. Where we are now paying $9,000 per annum interest, we shall hereafter pay only $5,400. This will soon bring even our seven per cent, warrants up to par and prove a great saving in the aggregate yearly to our people who render services for the county and take warrants for pay.
No subject is of more vital interest to the people of Montana than the completion of the Northern Pacific railroad. For many long months our Helena merchants have been compelled to cross the main range of the Rocky Mountains for all their freight. They have been thus at a disadvantage of those doing business either east or west, and everything to consumers in Helena has been proportionally higher. This state of affairs is fast disappearing. By to-night the end of the truck to the east of us is about sixty miles distant, and by the 15th proximo it is promised to be at Townsend, forty miles away. Without unexpected delays and an unusually early and considerable rise of the Missouri river, the bridge will be completed and the cars pass over the river before the June rise, and the track laying across the interval will be easy and rapid work.
At the latest advices the western end of the track was 57 milës west of Missoula. That makes the entire interval between the ends of the track at the present time 240 miles. The probability is that it wfill be a close scratch whether Missoula or Helena wfill see the locomotive first. That event will transpire about June 1st, perhaps a little later. The distance between Helena and Missoula is 124 miles by the route of the road, and with the road-bed complete and track-layers working from both ways, the end of July ought to see the work completed and through trains from Chicago and Portland passing and repassing in our sight. Few' of us, even the most enthusiastic, realize the effects of this railroad completion—our eternal union w’ith the great, busy, bustling world of throbbing life. We shall be as near New York City, the great commercial center of the continent, as those who lived in Buffalo a half century ago. There will be a readjustment of all the conditions of life, such as we can hardly realize as yet. _______________
Without the least thinking about their names, Miss Rich and Mr. Poore and Mr. Night and Miss Day sat down to tea together at a house in Maryland.
Irish-American Land League convention has adopted resolutions, which appear in the dispatches today. Perhaps it would be better to await the full text before passing judgment upon the facts, spirit and purpose of the resolutions, but we propose only to express first impressions of a genera) nature. So far as the declaration of the purpose of government extends, it is the expression of opinions universally held on this side of the water, but unfortunately as universally denied in all past history and in most of the w’orld to-day. We fancy, if the Irish who have found a home in the United States had gone to any other country in the w’orld to learn their principles of government and make their observations on the conduct of the British gov ernment, such a declaration of principles would never have been put forth. Yet we are bound to say that we believe the principles sound and wise. It is the duty of government to preserve the lives, defend the liberties and protect the property of the governed. We presume Englishmen will say that is just what their government has been trying to do, and also to maintain law’, order and peace, so far as that was possible in Ireland. The doctrine of allowing each portion of the people an equitable and efficient voice in the legislature is far from being the accepted doctrine in America even, and nowhere else in the world. The female half of our people have no equitable and, efficient voice in the legislature, nor do the males under twenty-one years of age, and many smaller sections above that age are also disfranchised.
So it appears that this ’declaration of principles is rather advanced in this country, and is addressed to no constituency elsewhere in the w’orld at present. It may meet the approval of future generations, but in this day and generation it will fall on a deaf ear.
The arraignment of England to answer the sins and severities of several centuries contains very much truth, or half-truths at least. English historians have a companion picture of Irish barbarities to offset every one charged against their own rulers and conquerors. It is all bad enough and true enough. It is neither better nor worse than the history and experience of other nations and countries in ages past. France treated the Hguenots w’ith even greater cruelty, and so did Austria and tSpain treat the Netherlander with equal cruelty, and Russia within the past few months has exhibited the same barbarous treatment of the Jews, w’hose only crime was their thrift and prosperity. What we mean to say is that the present age and generation should not charge the barbarities of past centuries upon the present rulers.
It cannot be said to-day that the English government exists in Ireland only to destroy life ; that the blazing torch is allowed to be applied to asylums of terrified women, or that the deadly bomb is allowed to be discharged into helpless towns in time of peace. The people of Alexandria might with greater justice arraign Eng land for recent cruelties. The ravages of famine have been fearful in Ireland, but so have they been in North Africa, all over Asia, and in some parts of Europe It is not right or true to say that England has purposely employed famine to exterminate the Irish people. We cannot really see that England has treated a considerable portion of her own people w’ith any more consideration than her Irish subjects. The United States has been peopled and wTas founded by those fleeing from English oppression and injustice. Our declaration of independence was meant just as much for the benefit of Irishmen as for Englishmen, Scotchmen, and Welchmen.
Why shouldn’t the Irish who have come to America and declared their intention to become citizens of the United States, settle down cantentedly with their lot, like those from Scotland and other parts of Great Britain ?
Except as a preliminary to a declaration of wTar, of what use or significance is this rehearsal of cruelties by past generation, of English conquerors and tyrants ? An Indian writer of to-day might arraign the United States truthfully for a series of aggressions continuous to the present time, before wrhich the wrongs and woes of Ireland have been light.
“Let the dead past bury its dead.” We believe it better in every way for both people that this race prejudice between the Irish and English should be buried and forgotten. It stands in the way of any practicable arrangement. England can be brought to treat the Irish as justly as any portion of her own subjects, but we do not believe that England would ever consent to Irish independence, and all effort to that end we believe is effort utterly and worse than wasted.
THE IRISH-AMERICANS.
Proceedings o f the National Land League Convention-Long Dis
patch from Parnell-—Permanent Organization.
Bitter Arraignment of English History and Administration.
The Irish National Convention.
Postmaster General Gresham has directed that in making postoffice appointments in Mississippi the recommendations of Congressman Chalmers be given no greater weight than may properly be attached to them as the recommendations of a private citizen.— Washington Special.
What will the Democratic postmasters now’ holding office in many parts of Montana do when Delegate Maginnis’ recommendations are considered by this standard ?
T he business in dressed meat has grown to enormous proportions in Chicago. More than 70,000,000 hogs and 2,000,000 head of beef cattle have been slaughtered there in a year. These are conveyed to the stock yards by eighteen different railroads.
Philadelyhia, April 25.—At noon the Irish convention was called to order by Alex. Sullivan, of Chicago, in an appropriate speech, and a temporary organization was effected by the appointment of Rev. Maurice J. Dorney, temporary president, and the usual committees were appointed. Mrs. Delia Parnell soon entered escorted by Alexander Sullivan who introduced her, amid tremendous applause, as a greater than the mother of the Gracci.
Philadelphia, April 25.—During recess Mrs. Parnell entered the hall and was escorted to the stage by Mooney and Egan and was introduced to the delegates as the mother of the great Irish leader.
A dispatch purporting to be from the Pope caused amusement. I t threatened to excommunicate any Irish Catholic attacking England during this convention, on the ground of England’s liberality to all nations.
At 3:15 the convention resumed business. The names of to-day’s delegates as announced by the committee on credentials were loudly cheered, as also the names of John Devoy and Eedpath.
Secretary Hynes read his general statement of what the League had accomplished during the year, which was received with applause. In explanation to the question, why the lecture expenses of Davitt, Redman and Parnell were paid hy the League, it was stated by the secretary that those gentlemen had given all the receipts of their lectures to the League, and the Central Committee thought it only proper that their expenses should be paid. The report of the secretary shows that during the year eighty-three new branches w ere reported to the central office. There are now on the national roll 550 branches of whose existence the central office has official knowledge, and 289 not known officially. Of the 550 branches, New York has 138; Massachusetts, 140; Connecticut, 49 ; Pennsylvania, 44 ; Iowa, 23 ; New Jersey, 19; Ohio, 14; Missouri, Michigan and Rhode Island, 13 each ; Illinois 11, and New Hampshire 10. The total amount of money received hy the society from April 12, 1882, to April 25th, 1883, was $79,033; expenses for the year, $7,466, and the a: lount remitted to Ireland, $66,657 ; balance on hand, $4,915.| * 4 |
Father Walsh, general treasurer of the League, also explained w’hy the lecture expenses of Parnell, Davitt and Redman were paid. He did not care to answer questions from alleged Irishmen, who demanded how he dared to pay the funeral expenses of one w’ho should he dear to every Irishman.
Meany, of New York, demanded the name of “the Irsh scoundrel.” [Cries of “Boycott him,” and “No! no!” arose.]
Father Walsh then read his report. He also made a statement in regard to certain moneys sent to liuu for the widow Walsh, the Irish mother, one of whose sons has been hanged, and others sentenced to penal servitude for life. He said that every Irishman believed this hoy to be guiltless. What is more, while this noble mother knew' them to he innocent, even knew the guilty parties she was too patriotic to turn informer, as some ignoble villains were doing. He took counsel from Parnell about the mother and remitted for her benefit $376. Having read as a part of his report a rather sensational letter from the Irish Bishop Duggan of Clon- fort, who denounced England’s policy of turning arable Irish land into pasture land as “pagan” and “demented,” Father Walsh closed his report, whieh was referred to the Auditing Committee. The report shows balance on hand January 9th, 1883, of $12,- 714; received from branches from January 9th to April 9th, $864 ; balance on hand April 8th, $8,693; remitted to Ireland for Land League purposes to date, $39,101 ; for Irish relief fund, $23,652 ; balance on hand, $4,915.
Burie, of Ohio, moved that one delegate from each State constitute a committee to prepare a plan for merging with the National League the Irish League to meet in convention.
O’Brien, of New York, eloquently seconded the motion, hut declaring that the time has come to adopt the Dublin national platform.
Scully, of New York, made an earnest protest against disbanding the Land League.
Dr. O’Reilly, of St. Louis, offered a substi tute, that the chair appoint a committee to consider the most feasible method of merging the Land League.
Father Connolly, of Massachusetts, favored a committee of one from each State and Territory.
O’Reilly’s substitute was lost, and the motion that each State and Territory send committee men, was carried. A recess was then taken for that purpose, and after again convening the committee was announced as follows:
Arizona, James Redpath; Connecticut, Jas. Reynolds; Georgia, Col. J. F. Armstrong; Illinois, Rev. Morris Dorney ; Indiana, John S. Allen ; Iowa, M. V. Gannan ; Kentucky, Matthew O’Donoherty ; Louisiana, T Marony ; Maryland, Col. E. T. Joyce ; Michigan, Rev. Dr. Charles O’Reilly; Minnesota, C. McArthur; Missouri, Dr. Thomas O’Reilly; Massachusetts, Rev. Father Connelly ; Maine, John A. Gallagher; New Hempshire, Wm. H. Gorman ; New Jersey, John D. Sanderson; New York, D. C. Feely ; Nebraska, John Fitzgerald ; Ohio, Major John Byrne ; Pennsylvania, Rev. Thomas Barry ; Vermont Wm. M. Allan ; Rhode Island, Col. F. L. O’Reilly ; South Carolina, M. M. Kennedy ; Virginia, Patrick McGovern ; Wisconsin, Jas. B. Donnelly ; District of Columbia, Arthur Rooney. All matters concerning the reorganization of the League and all resolutions were ordered to be referred to this committee. Recess until 9 o’clock.
Upon reassembling, President Mooney stated that the business must be Closed this evening.
Upon motion of Father McKenna (Mass.) the report of Col. Collins (Mass.) of the committee appointed to wait on President Arthur at the last convention to inquire into the conduct of Minister Lowell was accepted. Col. Collins said : Pending diplomatic negotiations, Arthur said he could not give any answer, hut when the time came for action the President would be found on the right side. Father McKenna moved that President Arthur be censured for lack of good faith and dishonest conduct. He thought that if President Arthur ever came up for réélection he should not have the vote of Irish-Americans, and this should be the sense of this convention. Rnled out of order.
Pending the report of the Conference Committee, Thomas Brennan, Secretary of the Irish National League, addressed the convention. He said it was four years since the meeting was held in an Irish town andjin- augurated the land war in Ireland. He compared Ireland’s present independent spirit
with its then servitude and sycophancy, and these four 'years had certainly not been in vain. They had been protected against a repetition of those scenes of 1867 which disgraced Ireland and appalled humanity. The creed of manhood had taken the place of the litany of the slaves of Ireland. The Land League of the United States had effected this change. The time had come when the begging boy should cease to be passed aronnd; when the Irishmen continued to give up to the idle, useless and indolent class the fruits of their toil which they should keep for themselves. Let them bear the fruits of their own folly and crime. The power of the landlords over the minds of the people is now completely broken. The Land League lias saved $20,000,000 to the producers of I reland. I t had wrung astounding concessions from the English Parliament, and had created a spirit which laughed at dungeons and does not fear the gallows. Previous to the Land League movements it was hard to stir the farmers of Ireland. There is now no need of discussion in Ireland—all are agreed on Irish landlordism.
Father Connolly, chairman of the conference committee, presented a report with resolutions. He said the committee decided not to report a plan for merging or method to disorganize the Land League, but would leave it to the convention to agree on such a plan. The report was adopted.
Patrick Eagan then addressed the convention. He rehearsed the history of the origin and development of the movement in Ireland at some length, giving statistics regarding the disposal of the League fund. He said its accounts had never been questioned except by a few black-mailers.
A resolution was reported by the Conference Committee pledging their attendance in a budy at the National Convention to-morrow, and their efforts in behalf of a new organization. A substitute was adopted ordering the transfer of property to the new league, and the convention then adjourned.
Philadelphia, April 26.—At the afternoon session the galleries were crowded. One thousand and fifty-five delegates were on the floor, while forty lady delegates were given seats upon the stage. Mrs. Parnell was loudly cheered upon entering.
On motion of M. V. Gannon, of Iowa, a resolution of respect and sympathy for the mother of Fannie Parnell, was adopted by a rising vote. It was stated that the Central League of Boston w'ould decorate Fannie Parnell’s grave.
The customary committees on permanent organization were appointed.
The following telegram was read :Louisville, Ky., April 26th.—Sons of
Erin and Patriots of Ireland : Hopes are centered in you to sink all differences for her sake. Unfurl the stainless banner with the Irish-American National League inscribed thereon, and Erin's deliverance will soon be won. (Signed) WM. McCREADY.
After a short recess a permanent organization was effected, with the following officers : Chairman, M. A. Feran. of Ohio ; Secretary, Jno. J. Hynes; Assistant Secretaries, Jno. C. Enright (Mich.,) Edw. Fitzwilliams (Mass.,) Cornelias Horan f Pa.,) and J. D. O’Connell, Washington. A number of Vice Presidents were also chosen.
Feran, before taking the chair, said that speeches enough had been made and now it was time for work. He counselled union and unification of every Irish society perhaps in the whole world.
The following telegram was read hy Father Darney :
London, April 26.—James Mooney, Esq., President Irish-American Convention. Phila- dclphia, Pa. : My presence at the session of the most representativ convention of Irish American opinion ever assembled being impossible, owing to the necessity of my remaining here to oppose the criminal code hill, which re-enacts permanently the worst provisions of the coercion act and if passed will leave constitutional movements at the mercy of the government, I would ask you to lay my views before the convention. I would respectfully advise that your platform should he so framed as to enable us to continue to accept help from America, and at the same time avoid affording a pretext to the British government for entirely suppressing the national movement in Ireland. In this way only can unity of movement be preserved both in Ireland and America. I have perfect confidence that by prudence, moderation and firmness, the cause of Ireland will continue to advance, and though persecution rests heavily upon us at present, before many years have passed we shall have achieved those great objects for which through many centuries our race has struggled. (Signed)
CHAS. STEWART PARNELL.The committees were then announced, and
the convention adjourned until Friday.
poses upon the people gigantic burdenTf the sustenance of a foreign army, for an °r pressing constabulary, for the salaries^' supernumerary officials, and place men f° pensions to English favorites for money for vulgar court, whose extravagam is exceeded only by the shame of its preteCe sions. Naturally the created capital of th country is sent to England on one pretext another and brings in exchange nothing ex' cept articles of English manufacture. whief the Irish, under self-government, would pro duce for themselves or purchase in Aweri(! Irsh manufactures, deliberately destroyed Ù England in the last century, are still do- man t. He immense water power turns nwheel ; her canals are all hut impassably0 her rivers are obstructed ; here useful clav and valuable mineral are untouched ; in h beautiful harbors are few new ships, excem those of her enemy. English law for protection in Ireland has been a lance to aai. Ireland bleed at every pore for the benefit of heartless landlords and English m.mmv
Resolutions Adopted by the Irish-American National Convention.
Philadelphia, April 27.— Wm. Henry Smith, chairman of the committee on resolutions, rendered his report at 2:40, which was as follows :
The Irish-American people assembled in convention at Philadelphia submit to the intelligence and right reason of their fellow- men that the duty of government is to preserve the lives of the governed ; to defend their liberty ; to protect their property ; to maintain peace and order ; to allow each portion of the people an equitable and efficient voice in the Legislature, and to promote the general welfare hy wise, just and humane laws. We solemnly declare and cite unquestioned history and universal knowledge as living testimony thereof— first, that the English government has existed in Ireland not to preserve the lives of the governed hut to destroy them.
The resolution then pictures at length the allowed barbarities of the English government. How the blazing torch had been applied to the asylums of terrified women ; how the deadly bomb has been discharged into helpless towns. As if the sword, cannon, torch, scaffold, dagger and explosive was not enough, it enjoys the unique infamy of being the only government known to ancient or modern times which has employed famine for the destruction of those from whom it claimed allegiance. Forcibly robbing the Irish people of the fruits of their toil, produced by their own labor it has buried, not a hundred, not a thousand, but more than a million of the Irish race, unshrouded and uncoffined, in a grave of hunger. I t has mercilessly compelled the other millions in compulsory poverty to seek in alien lands the bread they were entitled to in their own. There is no form of cruelty known to the lowest savage which it has not practiced on the Irish people in the name of the highest civilization without a warrant. Citizens may be thrown into prison without counsel. He may be put on mock trial before a prejudiced judge and packed jury, and on the lying averments of purchased wretches his liberty may be sacrificed or his life taken in the the name of law.
Instead of protecting the property of the people, English government in Ireland has been conspicuous for its injury and ruin. Out of 20,000,000 acres of producing land 6,000,000 has been allowed to be waste. The ownership of the remainder, generally acquired by force or fraud, has been retained in the hands of ravenous monopolists, who annually drain the country of its money in the form of rents, no portion of which goes hack to the Irish people. In addition to this, an iniqnitons system of taxation im-
nglish manure- tures. English government in Ireland has not maintained ]>eace or order, b u t has
for seven hundred years broken h e r peace
and destroyed her order. English govern- ment in Ireland does not allow this portion
of the empire an equitable a n d efllcien*
voice in the Legislature. In E n g l a n d one-
twelfth of the population votes l o r n iem .
bers of Parliament ; in Ireland o n e - tw e n ty -
fifty. In England the registration l a w s are favorable to voters; in Ireland they a r e inn.
cal to voters. In England all classes o f the
population are fairly represented ; in I re la n d
the poor law is employed to secure to landlords and place-hunters preponderance in th national delegation. I n E n g l a n d the
judiciary is independent o f the e x e c u tiv e
and sympathizes with the people ; in Ire lan d
the judiciary is creative and a part o f f o
executive, and is appointed e x c l u s i v e l y from the enemies of the people. I n E n g l a n d the
magistracy is chosen without regard to
creed ; in Ireland ninety-seven per c e n t , of
the magistrates, having jusisdiction over the
liberties of the people, are selected fro m a
creed rejected by seventy-eight per cent, of
the people, and a detestable spirit o f religions bigotry is thus legalized and p e r p e tu a te d !
In Enland the laws creating civil d is a b il i t ie s
on account of religion have long been dead
in Ireland the laws made under E d w ard
III., Queen Elizabeth, Earl o f S tra tfo rd ,
Charles II., and Queen Anne and t h e i r sue
cessors are still vital to torment the people,
for whose oppression no statute i s f o u n d too
hoary by venal and truculent judges .
Every measure of legislation proposed b y au
English member receives courteous co n s id e r
ation, but any measu-e, however just, necessary or humane proposed by a p a t r i o t Irish
member is contemptuously rejected b y the
combined majority of both g r e a t E n g lish
parties. Thus the educational s y s t e m of
Ireland is notoriously inadequate. Thus it
is that the evictions unknown in England, and declared hy Gladstone to he almost equivalent to a death sentence, are o f daily
occurrence in Ireland, and have nearly
doubled in five years in spite of the boasted
benefit of the Gladstone land laws. T h u s it
is that, although, according to g o v e r n m e n t
returns, the criminals are t w e n t y - s e v e n in
ten thousand of English people, they a r e only sixteen in ten thousand of the I r i s h p o p u la
tion, in spite of the aggravation to w hich
they are subject. Yet England e n j o y s con
stitutional liberty, and Ireland is under
worse than martial law. The intrepid and persistent attempts of patriot Irish d e p u ta
tions to obtain in the English P a r l ia m e n t
just and humane laws for Ireland have always been and, in our belief, must continue to he a failure. Now, therefore, i n view
of these facts, he itResolved by the Irish American people in
Com'ention assembled, That the English government in Ireland originating in usurpation and perpetuated hy force, having failed to discharge any of the duties of government and never having acquired the consent of the governed, has no more right whatever to exist in Ireland and that it is the duty of the Irish race throughout the world to sustain the Irish people in the employment of all legitimate means to su b s ti
tute for it a National Self-government, Therefore he it
Resolved, That we place our u n q u a lif ie d
and constant support, both m o r a l a n d material, to onr countrymen in Ireland in their
efforts to recover their national s e lf -g o v e rn
ment, and in order to more effectually pro
mote this object hy a consolidation o f all
oar resources and by the creation o f one
responsible and authoritative body to speak
for Ireland in America. That all the socities
represented in this convention and all tha t
may hereafter comply with the c o n d i t i o n s of
admission be organized into the I r i s h National League of America for the p u r p o s e oi
supporting the Irish National L e a g u e ol
Ireland, of which Charles Stewart P a r n e l l is
President. Therefore be itResolved, That we heartily endorse the
noble sentiments of Bishop Butler, of Limerick, that every stroke of Forster’s savage lash was for Irishmen a new proof ol Parnell’s worth and an additional title for him to the confidence and gratitude of hi“ countrymen. Therefore be it
Resolved, That we sympathize w ith the laborers of Irland in their efforts to improve their condition, and as we have sustained the farmers in their assaults upon landlordism so will we now urge upon farmers justice and humane consideration for the laborers, we demand that farmers allow laiorers a fair day’s wages for a fair day’s work.
Resolved, That as the m anufactures ol Great Britain are the chief sources of her material greatness, already declining under the influence of American competition, we earnestly counsel our countrymen in Ireland to buy nothing in England which they can produce in Ireland or procure from America or France, and we pledge ourselves to promote Irish manufactures b y encouraging their import to America, and to use the utmost endeavors by plain statements of facts and discrimination in patronage to dissuade American tradesmen from keeping Engl*«1 goods on sale.
Itosolved, That an English Ministry osten tatiously Liberal has earned the content!11 and destestation of the fair-minded men throughout the world by imprisoning mom than one thousand citizens of Ireland witm out accusation or trial, a number ot whom were noble hearted women engaged iu work’ of mercy among the evicted of landlord m- pacity and English law. .
Resolved, That this convention thanks t e Right Rev. John Ireland, Bishop ot Paul ; Right Rev. John O’Connor, Bishop 1 Omaha ; Right Rev. John Lancaster Spam ing, Bishop of Peoria ; Most Rev. John liams, Bishop of Boston ; Right Rev. »• Ryan. Bishop of Buffalo ; Most Rev. Patnj* A. Feehan, Archbishop of Chicago; R|8 Rev. Edward Fitzgerald, Bishop ol D Rock, and their coadjutors for their efnci efforts in providing homes for Irish im grants in the United States. The pe°pl.e. , Ireland are by law, God, and nature cut1 to live by their labor in their native iabut since a brutal government compel ,̂ large number to emigrate it is the duty their countrymen to warn them againstsnares of poverty in the large cities and * sist them to agricultural regions. ^
Resolved, That the policy of the Eng government in first reducing the Irish r r , antry to absolute poverty, and then f them penniless to the United States, depw?j ent upon American charity, is unnatural humane, and an outrage upon the Amen, government and people. We respecu ■