mtgf clippings spring 2015

MTGF ClippingsOFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE MINNESOTA TURF AND GROUNDS FOUNDATION

VOL. 23, NO. 1 SPRING / SUMMER 2015

The mission of the Minnesota Turf and Grounds Foundation

is to promote the green industry in Minnesota

through support of research, education and outreach

at the University of Minnesota and elsewhere.MTGF

minnesota turf and grounds foundation

MTGF Clippings

2 MTGF CLIPPINGS ~ SPRING / SUMMER 2015

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Executive Committee

PresidentPaul Griffin

City of Woodbury, MPSTMA

Vice PresidentKent Honl

Rainbow Treecare, MSA

TreasurerSteve Balfany

Balfany Farms, MSP

SecretaryDr. Brian Horgan

University of Minnesota

Ex-OfficioSusie Johnson

Gertens Wholesale. Vendor Rep.

Directors

MASMSTom Redmann

Anoka Hennepin ISD #11

MASMSTracy Closson

Northfield Schools ISD #659

MACDave Kemp

The Catholic Cemeteries

MACKari Bradshaw

Minnesota Associationof Cemeteries

MACRalph Pierre

Union Cemetery

MPSTMAJon Almquist

The Toro Company

MGCSAMike MantheyMidland Hills CC

MGCSAJamie Benzanson

Oneka Ridge GC

MSAManuel Jordan

Heritage Shade Tree Consultants

MTABryan Lawrence

Rocket Turf & Nursery

MTAEarl “Duke” Halley

Central Turf Farms

MTSCBrent Benike

Northern Excellence Seed

MTSCRichard Magnusson

Magnusson Farms

UM RepresentativeSam Bauer

University of Minnesota

UM RepresentativeDr. Angela OrshinskyUniversity of Minnesota

Vendor RepresentativeJim O’Neill

CycleWorks Golf Supply

EXECUTIVE DIRECTORJeff Turtinen952-473-3722

[email protected]

MTGF OFFICEP. O. Box 617

Wayzata, MN 55391

www.mtgf.org

www.MTGF.org

This past winter, MTGF President, Susie Johnson, turned the MTGF presidential reigns overto me. Susie served your association well. Under her watch, the MTGF had a successful NorthernGreen Expo, MTGF Super Tuesday and a well-attended, informative MTGF / UM Field Day at

TROE Center. I will do my best to continue the forwardprogress of the Minnesota Turf and GroundsFoundation. I look forward to the challenge. This year,we have some new faces on the Board: JamieBenzanson, Oneka Ridge Golf Course, is a new MTGFrep for the MGCSA; Duke Halley, Central Turf Farms,will help represent the Minnesota Sod GrowersAssociation, and Jim O’Neill, CycleWorks Golf Supply,

will be a Vendor representative for the seven MTGF allied associations.The MTGF’s greatest source of funding comes from the MNLA/MTGF Northern

Green Expo. The MTGF and MNLA co-host this event each year at the Minneapolis ConventionCenter is January. The 2016 Northern Green Expo will take place Jan. 13-15.

This year, the MTGF used these funds to donate $110.000 towards turf andgrounds research. (Please read Pages 10-18 for information about the MTGF-fundedresearch.)

MTGF Membership Information

As a member of one or more of the MTGF Allied Associations (listed below), you are automatically a member of the Minnesota Turf and Grounds Foundation, too. Any association engaged in the development, care and maintenance of public or private grounds iseligible to become an allied association member of the Foundation subject to approval of theMTGF Board of Directors. Individuals or businesses may become regular Foundation membersby joining one or more of the member allied associations best suited to their needs and interests.

The 7 MTGF Allied Associations are:+ Minnesota Association of Cemeteries + Minnesota Educational Facilities Management Professionals+ Minnesota Golf Course Superintendents' Association+ Minnesota Park and Sports Turf Managers Association+ Minnesota Society of Arboriculture+ Minnesota Sod Producers + Minnesota Turf Seed Council

There are no membership fees associated with either allied association membership or regularmembership. However, if an individual or business subscribes to the mission and purpose of theFoundation but is not a member of an allied association, they are eligible for affiliate member-ship. Affiliate membership is subject to Board approval and does carry an annual membershipfee as established by the Board of Directors.

Those interested should contact the MTGF Business Office at 952-473-3722 for information.

Sincerely,

Paul GriffinPaul Griffin

President

Minnesota Turf and Grounds Foundation

PRESIDENT’S REPORT

The Business of the MinnesotaTurf and Grounds Foundation

By PAUL GRIFFINPresident

Minnesota Turf and Grounds Foundation

MTGF CLIPPINGS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

2 President’s Report:

The Business of the MTGF- Paul Griffin, City of Woodbury

5 A Good Day for Young Trees at Midland Hills- Ryan Murphy and Chad Giblin, University of Minnesota

9 MTGF Donates $110,000 for 2015 Research

10 MTGF Super Tuesday Creates a Buzz

11 Bee Friendly Plants- Karl Foord, University of Minnesota

12 MTGF Funding: Turfgrass Program Support

14 MTGF Funding: Greenhouse Gases

18 MTGF Funding: Dutch Elm Disease

“20 Years and Growing”

In addition to offering Quality Turfgrass Seed Mixtures, we offer:

Erosion Control ProductsNative Grasses & WildflowersSustane Organic FertilizersMN Dot / WI Dot Mixtures

Forage / Pasture Seed BlendsFor more information, visit our website

www.twincityseed.comMinneapolis, MN 55439

In addition to offering Quality Turfgrass Seed Mixtures, we offer:

www.MTGF.orgSPRING / SUMMER 2015 ~ MTGF CLIPPINGS 3

The Minnesota Turf and Grounds Foundation, a non-profit organization, is a partnership of seven turf- and grounds-related associations and the

University of Minnesota. Members of the following associations are also considered members of the Minnesota Turf and Grounds Foundation.

4 Minnesota Society of Arboriculture 4 Minnesota Sod Producers

4 Minnesota Association of Cemeteries 4 Minnesota Turf Seed Council

4 Minnesota Park & Sports Turf Managers Association 4 Minnesota Golf Course Superintendents’ Association

4 Minnesota Educational Facilities Management Professionals

NORTHERN GREEN EXPO “CAMPFIRES” proved to be a successful addition for the Northern Green Expo’s Trade Show. The Trade Show floor educational sessions were attended by manypeople during the Expo. The dates for the 2016 MNLA / MTGFNorthern Green Expo are set for Jan. 13-15 at the MinneapolisConvention Center. More than 6,200 people attended the Expo.

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SPRING / SUMMER 2015 ~ MTGF CLIPPINGS 5www.MTGF.org

Pruning young shade trees is an essen-

tial part of turf and grounds maintenance.

Pruning these juvenile specimens with the

proper tools and techniques at the correct

time ensures strong growth and a func-

tional mature form. In their natural envi-

ronment, young trees are shaded by more

mature neighboring trees and this compe-

tition naturally gives rise to a single

straight leader as the tree reaches and

fights for any available sunlight. However,

when a tree native to a forest setting is

planted out in an open landscape such as a

park, golf course, or home yard, it can

grow in ways that can negatively affect

future form and long-term health. Luckily,

arborists and tree care professionals can

step in to prevent these problems by

applying developmental pruning practices

throughout the early years in the land-

scape. This not only helps to eliminate

defects in the young tree but also guides

each tree to reach its full species potential.

A general understanding of tree biology

and a species’ growth habits is essential

and will provide a good foundation for

making proper pruning decisions through-

out the life of a tree. Throw in some prac-

tical knowledge of basic pruning tech-

niques and anyone can set up a tree for

future success. This was the goal of the

recent Developmental Pruning Workshop

hosted at Midland Hills Golf Course in

Roseville, MN.

This full-day event paired seasoned

arborists with those looking to gain

greater insight into how they might better

care for their young trees. Instruction was

done through general session talks and

small group workshops out on the course.

Attendees got a chance to prune several

young trees firsthand with guidance from

professional arborists using essential

pruning tools such as hand saws and

shears as well as pole tools giving access to

branches higher in the tree reducing the

need for ladders and climbing.

One main topic covered was pruning

for strong central leader development.

Since trees that are planted in open land-

scapes have abundant resources at their

disposal (sunlight, water, and nutrients)

they tend to develop several co-dominant

branches that compete to be the main

leader.

(Continued on Page 6)

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A Good Day for Young Trees At Midland Hills Country Club

By RYAN MURPHY and CHAD GIBLIN

University of Minnesota Department of Forest Resources

PRUNING WORKSHOP

www.MTGF.org6 MTGF CLIPPINGS ~ SPRING / SUMMER 2015

Pruning Workshop-(Continued from Page 5)

Understanding this, lateral branches that

are similar in size to the central leader

need to be suppressed or removed before

they rob the developing central leader of

resources. During his morning general

session, Craig Pinkalla, an arborist with

the Minneapolis Park & Recreation

Board, suggested removing temporary,

lower branches before they reach a size

that is more than one-third the size of the

main stem. Like co-dominant leaders,

these temporary branches consume

incredible amounts of resources and

restrict the growth of the main leader

thus limiting the tree to a smaller mature

size.

Executing perfectly timed pruning is

not always a reality. Many professionals

need to be ready to compromise and

adapt depending on the number of trees

needing attention. Pruning decisions

must made based on the expected prun-

ing cycle and different approaches need

to be taken for a tree that will be visited

once a year versus a tree that may be vis-

ited once every three or five years.


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Small pruning cuts early in a tree’s life can help avoid big

problems down the road. Eric North, a Research Fellow in the

Department of Forest Resources at the University of Minnesota,

discussed the issue of included bark during his morning general

session. Included bark occurs when outer bark becomes internal-

ized at a branch union. A proper branch attachment displays a

ridged branch collar while included bark will tend to have a fold-

ed or rolled appearance at the union. Included bark can form on

branch attachments with sharply acute angles to the main stem -

perhaps an advantage for trees growing in a forest in the case of a

main leader failure. When a proper branch attachment forms,

wood from the main stem and wood from the developing branch

interweave and form a strong bond. When the bark becomes

internalized (or included) this interweaving cannot take place cre-

ating a point of weakness. As this branch continues to grow, more

and more mechanical stress is placed on the branch union.

Eventually, the stress becomes too much - for example during a

wind, snow or ice loading event - and the branch breaks and tears

out a large section of main stem. In many cases these tear-outs

caused by included bark and poor branch attachments could have

been prevented years before when the tree was still young.

A demonstration after the morning general sessions pointed

out the ease of pruning trees at the time of planting. Karl Mueller,

an arborist with the City of Saint Paul showed how easy it is to tip

a tree and prune it before planting. This method gives full access

to portions of the tree that may soon be out of reach with a simple

hand shears. Future workshops are being planned that will focus

specifically on the needs of young trees and nursery stock – even

before they are planted.

In many cases, modern aesthetics and tree biology run into

conflicts. Turf and grounds professionals need to navigate the

line between giving a tree its best chance for long-term health and

form with the short-term aesthetic. Suppression cuts can be a

good method to both curtail growth on non-permanent, tempo-

rary branches and meet the aesthetic demands of the situation.

Pruning cuts that take off approximately 50% of a branch’s mass

will significantly decrease its rate of growth and allow the main

stem to utilize a greater amount of resources.


8 MTGF CLIPPINGS ~ SPRING / SUMMER 2015www.MTGF.org


This workshop would not have been possible withoutthe generous support of our sponsors! These organizations

include the Minnesota Turf & Grounds Foundation, Gertens &

JRK Turf and Seed Supply, Minnesota Society of Arboriculture

and A.M. Leonard. We also wish to thank Mike Manthey, Caitlin

Arnold and the staff and members of Midland Hills Country

Club. Their generosity in hosting and planning the event helped

make it a success. A big thanks goes out to the arborist instruc-

tors who took time out of very busy schedules to add an incredi-

ble level of professionalism to this workshop. Our instructors

joined us from these companies and organizations: Branch and

Bough Tree Service, Rainbow Treecare, City of Saint Paul,

Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board, HeritageShade Tree

Consultants and the University of Minnesota. Finally, we would

like thank all those that attended this workshop. We are continu-

ally striving the meet the training needs of turf and grounds pro-

fessionals and would like to hear about your ideas for future

workshops and training opportunities. Feel free to send your

thoughts to Chad Giblin at [email protected]

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The Minnesota Turf and Grounds Foundation, a non-profit

organization, is a partnership of seven turf and grounds related

associations representing nearly 2,300 employees in the turf and

grounds industry. The MTGF is also in partnership with the

University of Minnesota. The mission of the MTGF is to promote

the green industries in Minnesota through support of research,

education and outreach at the University of Minnesota and else-

where.

The MTGF pur-

sues its mission in

various ways. One of

these is an annual

"Call for Proposals,"

titled the "MTGF

Research Gift

Program," whereby

researchers, instruc-

tors and outreach faculty and staff involved in turf and grounds

work may submit requests for unrestricted gifts to support their

activities.

THIS YEAR: In 2015, along with a commitment of $10,000

for a University of Minnesota start-up position, the MTGF is

donating $100,000 to three projects. The researchers are: Dr.

Brian Horgan,Eric Watkins, Sam Bauer, Dr. Angela Orshinsky,

Robert Blanchette, Benjamin Held, Gary Johnson and Chad

Giblin, Kristina Smith Walker, Ph.D., and Katy R. Nannenga,

Ph.D.

TROE CENTER: Research at the TROE Center is vital for the

future development of our industry and the Research being done

at the TROE Center is of great benefit to our members. The

MTGF supports the work at TROE Center and provided an unre-

strictive gift of $70,000.

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS: The objective of the

proposed project is to evaluate golf course irrigation practices in

order to identify practices that promote overall plant health and

turfgrass quality while reducing greenhouse gas emissions and

conserving water. The MTGF supports this research and provided

an unrestrictive gift of $10,000.

DUTCH ELM DISEASE: The goal of this research is to

increase the availability and diversity of disease-tolerant elm cul-

tivars available to the public. The ability to generate more clones

in a shorter time period will also lead to quicker identification of

new disease-tolerant cultivars. The MTGF supports this research

and provided an unrestrictive gift of $20,000.

* * * *

(Editor’s Note: More information about the research being

funded is on Pages 12-18 of this issue of MTGF CLIPPINGS.)

MTGF Donates $110,000 in 2015For Turf and Grounds Research

MTGF HAS DONATED MORE THAN $1,000,000 TOWARDS RESEARCH SINCE 1993


The 2015 MTGF Super Tuesday focused on the importance of

pollinators in the landscape. A super lineup of speakers gave vari-

ous viewpoints about pollinators.

Ian Lane, University of Minnesotaled things off with a talk centered around

turf that can support flowers and mowing

for pollinators.

Karl Foord,University ofMinnesota, followed

Lane and focused on

pollinator friendly

plants. Foord also offered a Bee Friendly

Plant handout (pictured on Page 11).

Karen Reardon,Responsible Industryfor a Sound Environment (RISE), told

the audience that Minnesotans have a voice

in Washington D.C. through RISE. RISE is a

source for environmental questions.

Bev andMikeO’Connor,BlueberryFields of

Stillwater, spoke on fruit grower

issues.

Becky Masterman,UniversityofMinnesotaBee Squad, talked

about the Bee

Squad’s Hive to

Bottle Program.

Kent Honl,Rainbow Treecare,

gave a presentation

on good cultural

practices regarding

pollinators.

Kristy Lynn Allen, Beez Kneez, told her story about how

bees have become a major part of her life.

Jim Zwack,Davey Tree, talked

about what commercial

companies deal with in

the field.

* * * *

(Editor’s Note: All

presentations are

available at

www.mtgf.org)

MTGF Super Tuesday Creates a Buzz

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BEES: THE IMPORTANCE OF POLLINATORS IN THE LANDSCAPE

Lane

Foord

Reardon

O’Connors

MastermanHonl ZwackAllen


N - NectarMay Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct P - Pollen

Prunus spp. (Plums, cherries) white N & PMalus spp. (cultivated and crabapples) white N & PRubus spp. (raspberry, blackberry) white N Wild Mustard (Brassica arvenisi (L.) yellow N & P

Beardtongue (Penstemon grandiflorus) N & P

Chives (Allium schoenoprasum) N & P

Swamp rose (Rosa palustris) P

Golden Alexanders (Zizia aurea) N & P

Red Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) red pink N & P

Culver's root (Veronicastrum virginicum ) N

Leadplant (Amorpha canescens) N & P

Blue False Indigo (Baptisia australis) N & P

Smooth Penstemon (Penstemon digitalis) N & P

Rattlesnake Master (Eryngium yuccifolium ) N & P

Blue Sage (Salvia azurea) N

Purple Prairie Clover (Dalea purpurea) N & P

Western Sunflower (Helianthus occidentalis) N & P

Catmint (Nepeta x faassenii ) N

Onion (Allium spp.) white pink N & P

Cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum) N & P

Borage (Borago officinalis ) N & P

Great Blue Lobelia (Lobelia siphilitica) N

Bergamot (Monarda fistulosa) N

Blue Vervain (Verbena hastata) N

Fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium) N

Lavender Hyssop (Agastache foeniculum) N

Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) N

Dotted Mint (Monarda punctata) N

Ironweed (Vernonia fasciculata) N

Downy Sunflower (Helianthus mollis) N & P

Obedient Plant (Physostegia virginiana) N

Joe Pye Weed (Eupatorium maculatum) N & P

Dense Blazingstar (Liatris spicata) N

Blanket Flower (Gaillardia x grandiflora ) red yellow N & P

Stiff Goldenrod (Solidago rigida) N & P

Sedum x 'Autumn Joy' (Hylotelephium telephium) N & P

Woodland Sunflower (Helianthus strumosus ) N & P

New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae ) N & P

lavender

pink

yellow

Bee Friendly Plants

Karl Foord, Extension Educator and Professor - University of Minnesota

pink

pink

yellow

purple

white

lavender

red

yellow

purple/pink

yellow

purple

lavender

blue

pink

purple

purple

PlantFlowering Time & Color

lavender

pink

yellow

purple

blue

white

white

blue

purple

yellow

pink

blue

(Editor’s Note: Graph Courtesy of Karl Foord Ph.D. MBA, University of Minnesota • Extension Educator & Professor, Horticulture.

Foord may be contacted at 651-558-1218 or by email at [email protected])

www.MTGF.org12 MTGF CLIPPINGS ~ SPRING / SUMMER 2015

We are proud of our dynamic and evolving turfgrass program.

This summary document will describe new employees and gradu-

ate students, grants (MNDOT), extension programs (Great Lakes

School of Turfgrass Science), articles published and exciting ini-

tiatives (Science of the Green). Arguably, we have assembled the

best turfgrass team in North America. We are productive and

appreciate the relationships we have developed with industry. We

work hard to make your jobs easier through innovative program-

ming and cutting edge research.

For the last few years, our program has been working internal-

ly to build a case to renovate the University of Minnesota Les

Bolstad golf course. This initiative is referred to as The Science of

(the) Greensm (www.scienceofthegreen.org). This initiative

builds scholarship into all aspects of the pre- and post-renovated

golf course. The resulting model will assist the golf industry as it

strives to add sustainable practices around business, agronomics

and the environment. We have been given permission by the

University leadership to pursue partnerships, vet the vision

and fundraise. In 2014, we introduced Science of (the) Green to

over 2,000 individuals, 90 corporations/non-profits and have

received endorsements from national, regional and state golf and

turf related organizations.

Since 2012, our research program published 17 scientific

papers, 20 abstracts, and 32 technical articles in magazines or

proceedings.

In 2014, our research was presented at 5 international confer-

ences, 13 state and 12 MN turf conferences reaching over 7,000

people.

It is important to note that this grant funding primarily sup-

ports graduate students and scientist positions, but does not

cover costs associated with research center maintenance.

Without the field facility manager and the TROE Center, we

would not be competitive for these grants. Therefore, this pro-

posal is for general TROE Center support, which includes our

field facility manager (Craig Krueger). Craig is an integral part of

our team.

OUR RESEARCH

Environmental Sustainability

Environmental issues will continue to be a focus of turfgrass

management in the coming years. Research in this area will be an

important resource for turfgrass managers as they make changes

to help increase environmental sustainability in their communi-

ties. Current projects include the Science of (the) Green initiative,

management practices to mitigate the loss of nutrients and pesti-

cides in runoff; acute drought stress tolerance; developing a soil

test to predict nitrate leaching potential; and use of alternative

turfgrass species in an integrative pest management program.

Management and Production

Research on general turfgrass management and production

will start to build a body of literature on the performance of the

best varieties and species of turfgrasses for a range of greenspace

uses. The data will be useful for homeowners, professional turf-

grassmanagers and architects for designing, establishing and per-

mitting new or reconstruction projects as it will narrow the

potential varieties and mixtures to be considered. The results will

also provide guidelines for best management practices for various

inputs to turfgrass systems. Current projects include: NTEP trials

(bentgrass green, fine fescue golf course fairway, fine fescue

home lawn, Kentucky bluegrass,); overseeding and interseeding

as effective tools for species conversion; low-maintenance grass

selection and cool-temperature turfgrass maintenance strategies.

Breeding and Genetics

In the coming years, there will be a need for new species to

use in low-input environments. We will be well-positioned to be

at the forefront of this process both in Minnesota and across the

northern United States. Low-input turfgrass varieties for cold cli-

mates will have an impact beyond Minnesota. Current projects

include: improving winterhardiness in perennial ryegrass, reduc-

ing rust severity in seed production fields; increasing allelopathy

in fine fescues; selecting turfgrasses that result in more favorable

interactions with the rhizosphere; screening for resistance to

snow mold disease; screening cultivars and selections for drought

tolerance; and breeding fine fescues for use on golf course fair-

ways. Germplasm improvement efforts will continue with peren-

nial ryegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, prairie junegrass, tall fescue,

hard fescue, sheep fescue, and tufted hairgrass. We are also the

lead program on a large multi-institution fine fescue improve-

ment project, and we will continue to work on a number of fine

fescue research projects with our collaborators. The main goal of

our program is to release cultivars that can be utilized by con-

sumers and the turfgrass industry—in this area we have been

quite successful. One of our recent perennial ryegrass varieties,

‘Arctic Green’ has been very popular and is one of the top-selling

perennial ryegrass in the country. We have recently released two

additional cultivars, ‘Royal Green’ and ‘Green Emperor’, which

should be available to consumers in 2015 and 2016 respectively.

We also entered a hard fescue into the NTEP trial (MNHD14)

and are hopeful that this will be successfully released in the com-

ing years.

Sustainable Turfgrass Disease Management

Fungicides are a large part of golf course maintenance budg-

ets. Water quality, environmental, and health concerns have

prompted a movement towards cosmetic pesticide bans in vari-

ous parts of North America and opened a market for reduced risk

pesticides and biological controls. The main goal of the sustain-

able turfgrass disease management program is to investigate the

feasibility of building disease prevention and management pro-

grams utilizing only reduced risk fungicides, biological controls,

and targeted fertility practices. This will be achieved by perform-

ing research to design optimal use programs and by providing

Extension and outreach to turfgrass managers to assist in imple-

menting these programs.


2015 MTGF FUNDING - $70,000Turfgrass Program Support

Principle Investigators: Dr. Eric Watkins, Dr. Brian Horgan, Sam Bauer and Dr. Angela OrshinskyUniversity of Minnesota - Twin Cities

www.MTGF.org

Turfgrass Program Support- (Continued from Page 12)

Notes about Staff:

Angela Orshinsky, horticulture plant pathologist, has hit the

ground running. This past summer, Angela traveled to numerous

golf courses to investigate disease outbreaks, visited nursery

operations to assist in evaluating disease problems, and has

teamed up with Kathy Zuzek to characterize an emerging bacteri-

al disease on Hydrangea plants. Angela fielded numerous turf-

grass disease samples at the plant disease clinic

(www.pdc.umn.edu), offering both diagnostic support as well as

recommendations for reducing disease severity to turf managers.

In addition, Angela initiated several turfgrass pathology projects

that are based on input from the Minnesota Golf Course

Superintendents needs assessment survey that she conducted in

2013. The projects include an assessment of defense activators for

turfgrass disease, developing a dollar spot management program

using only reduced risk fungicides, fertility practices for reducing

fall epidemics of dollar spot and snow mold disease, and charac-

terization and management of snow scald fungi in Minnesota.

Angela has provided material resources, access to specialized

equipment and training on molecular biology techniques to stu-

dents from the turfgrass program. Support from the MTGF has

allowed Angela to hire a research fellow, Kurt Hockemeyer,

who is a turfgrass pathologist and will conduct studies on turf-

grass and ornamental diseases. Angela is servicing the profession-

al needs of the Turf and Grounds industry.

Sam Bauer has been with our program as an Extension

Educator now for three years. This year he led the coordination of

a face-to-face UMN and MTGF Field Day on the St. Paul Campus

after offering the field day virtually for two years. The field day

was held one month earlier in August with 18 presenters and 202

total attendees, generating over $2000.00 for MTGF. We’ve also

added more content and frequent updates on the Turfgrass

Science Blog, which you can now subscribe to via email

(www.turf.umn.edu). The Great Lakes School of Turfgrass

Science is an online short course that’s in its second year and

Sam coordinates 10 professors from 8 institutions. This is a great

step into a new age of online education.

In 2014, the turfgrass science program added MatthewCavanaugh as a Scientist. Mattworks primarily on research

projects related to golf course turf, and MnDOT sponsored

research on roadside turf. Matt has his master of science degree

from the University of Minnesota, was a former assistant golf

course superintendent and most recently worked for PBI Gordon.

He is a great addition to our team.

Two graduate students earned Ph.D. degrees in 2014. EricKoeritz finished his project looking at the use of metabolomics

as a method for selecting rust-resistant perennial ryegrasses; Eric

is now employed by Syngenta as a plant breeder. Josh Friellcompleted his thesis project on roadside salt-tolerant turfgrasses

and is now employed at the Toro Company as a senior agrono-

mist within the advanced R&D group.

We currently have six graduate students in the turfgrass sci-

ence program. Madeline Leslie is investigating how to best

communicate information about low-input turfgrasses to the pub-

lic. Long Ma is conducting research related to fine fescue

improvement; he is currently evaluating several cultivars for their

ability to produced root exudates that reduce weed growth.

Garett Heineck is doing a number of projects related to

improving winter hardiness in perennial ryegrass, and is current-

ly investigating how endophtyes affect freezing tolerance in this

important grass species. Clemon Dabney is researching the rhi-

zosphere associated with low-input turfgrasses in order to see if

there are differences in how certain grass species affect the soil

microbial community and is also studying silica body formation

in turfgrasses. Maggie Reiter is researching fine fescues for golf

course fairways and is focused on evaluating the use of these

species with reduced water and pesticides. Finally, Ian Lane is

evaluating the potential of lawns as a beneficial pollinator habitat.

Our field facility manager, Craig Krueger, is an integral part of

our team.

For the last few years, our program has been working internal-

ly to build a case torenovate the University of Minnesota Les

Bolstad golf course. This initiative is referredto as The Science of

(the) Greens (www.scienceofthegreen.org). This initiative builds

scholarship into all aspects of the pre- and post-renovated golf

course. The resulting model will assist the golf industry as it

strives to add sustainable practices around business, agronomics

and the environment. We have been given permission by the

University leadership to pursue partnerships, vet the vision and

fundraise. In 2014, we introduced Science of (the) Green to over

2000 individuals, 90 corporations/non-profits and have received

endorsements from national, regional and state golf and turf

related organizations.

Since 2012, our research program published 17 scientific

papers, 20 abstracts, and 32 technical articles in magazines or

proceedings. In 2014, our research was presented at 5 interna-

tional conferences, 13 state and 12 Minnesota turf conferences

reaching over 7,000 people.

As you can see and we hope appreciate, the MTGF gift for

2014 to support the TROE Center gave a stellar return on invest-

ment.

SPRING / SUMMER 2015 ~ MTGF CLIPPINGS 13

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During the 2014 U.S.Open at the Pinehurst No. 2course, water usage andwater conservation took cen-ter stage in the media. In ourrecently funded MTGF proj-ect (2013-2014), soil moisturewas the most significant pre-dictor of greenhouse gas loss-es from fertilized and non-fertilized turf. These resultsindicate more control overgreenhouse gas emissions canbe achieved with moisturemanagement on the golfcourses. The objective of theproposed project is to evalu-ate golf course irrigationpractices in order to identify practices that promote overall planthealth and turfgrass quality while reducing greenhouse gas emis-sions and conserving water. The irrigation practices that will beevaluated in this project are no irrigation (i.e. natural rainfall),supplement natural rainfall to provide 1.5 inches of rainfall perweek, syringing during the hottest part of the day to wet the turf,and deep and infrequent irrigation scheduling set by the superin-tendent. This will allow quantification of turfgrass quality andgreenhouse gas emissions associated with lower water use in thenorthern plains. With the current climate change models predict-ing the northern plains will be entering into a drought and muchof the western United States currently experiencing drought con-ditions; strategies to reduce water usage and flux of greenhousegases into the atmosphere are critical at all societal levels includ-ing turfgrass management.

Current greenhouse gas emission research focuses primarilyon golf course fertilization practices. Ours in particular, focusedon the use of different fertilizer sources (fast versus slow release).While we have found significant differences in fertilizer sources,we have also found that soil moisture and soil temperature arehighly significant predictors of greenhouse gas losses from man-aged turf. Therefore, we are proposing to identify irrigationregimes that will reduce greenhouse gas losses while conservingwater resources on golf courses. Evaluation of greenhouse gasemissions is proposed on Creeping Bentgrass greens andKentucky Bluegrass fairways managed under the previously men-tioned irrigation regimes.

Potential Benefits of Research

It is apparent that traditional golf course management strate-gies need to become more sustainable and environmentallyfriendly. Golf course management strategies to achieve lush andgreen turf from over watering and fertilizing are the way of thepast. Water is a limited resource that will only become more lim-ited as the population continues to grow and regions begin to

experience drought. It is cru-cial for the golf course indus-try to identify irrigation prac-tices that conserve waterusage and protect our envi-ronment through the reduc-tion of greenhouse gas emis-sions which accelerate theglobal climate change pat-terns facing the world today.

The concentration of car-bon dioxide (CO2) in theatmosphere is increasing atan unprecedented rate, dueprimarily to fossil fuel burn-ing and land use change. Theincreased awareness of thisglobal problem has led to

increased pressure by society to minimize the impacts of elevatedatmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG).

Nutrient Cycling

Nutrient cycling on golf courses has the capacity to sequesterGHG through the accumulation of soil organic carbon. However,cultural management practices can offset sequestration by miti-gating GHG emissions directly (irrigation) or indirectly (mainte-nance equipment). Turfgrass management practices includingirrigation have the potential to contribute to emissions and miti-gation of greenhouse gases, leading to uncertainties in the netcontribution of turfgrass ecosystems to climate change.

The purpose of our past MTGF funded research project (2013-2014) was to determine the impact of fertilizer source (Urea,Encapsulated Polyon, and Milorganite), turfgrass species(Agrostis stolonifera L. and Poa pratensis L.), and site location(soil moisture regime) on GHG (carbon dioxide [CO2], methane[CH4], and nitrous oxide [N2O]) emissions and overall turfgrassquality. Our preliminary results have shown that soil moistureand soil temperature are significant predictors of GHG flux. Soilmoisture has the potential to be managed on golf courses with themonitoring of soil moisture and the implementation of water-reduction irrigation practices. Therefore, the purpose of the pro-posed study is to identify irrigation and/or water conservationpractices that will decrease GHG losses while maintaining ade-quate soil moisture needed for overall plant health and turfgrassquality.

Objectives

Identify golf course irrigation and/or water conservation prac-tices that will decrease greenhouse gas fluxes.

Identify the level of soil moisture needed for overall planthealth and turfgrass quality while decreasing greenhouse gasemissions.


www.MTGF.org

2015 MTGF FUNDING - $10,000Research: Irrigation Conservation Practices on the Reduction

of Greenhouse Gas Emissions on Golf Course Turf

Principle Investigators: Kristina Smith Walker, Ph.D., and Katy R. Nannenga, Ph.D.University of Minnesota - Crookston

“The objective of the proposed project is to

evaluate golf course irrigation practices in order to identify

practices that promote overall plant health and turfgrass

quality while reducing greenhouse gas emissions

and conserving water.”


Greenhouse Gas Emissions-(Continued from Page 14)

Materials and Methods

This project will be conducted at a local golf course near theUniversity of Minnesota Crookston. The research plots (0.61 m x0.61 m) will be located on creeping bentgrass greens, Kentuckybluegrass fairways, and potentially Kentucky bluegrass andperennial ryegrass tees. Research plots will be irrigated underfour irrigation regimes: no irrigation (i.e. natural rainfall), sup-plement natural rainfall to provide 1.5 inches of rainfall per week,syringing during the hottest part of the day to wet the turf, anddeep and infrequent irrigation scheduling set by the superinten-dent.

GHG samples will be taken each week using a vented closedgas chamber that will be placed over the plots for 40 minutes fol-lowing the United States Department of Agriculture-AgriculturalResearch Service Greenhouse gas Reduction through AgriculturalCarbon Enhancement network (USDA-ARS GRACEnet) methods.Samples will be taken from the same location as the anchors forthe gas chambers will be tamped into the ground flush with thesoil surface at the beginning of the growing season. To ensure agood seal, the tops of the gas chambers will also be tapped inafter they are placed over the anchors. Gas samples will be takenat 0, 20, and 40 minutes post closure of the chamber. Thismethod will allow gas concentrations to build up inside of thechamber, and a flux rate of the gases from the surface to be calcu-lated based on the change in concentration over time.

In addition at each sampling date air temperature, soil tem-perature, soil moisture, turfgrass quality and canopy greennessdata will be collected. Turfgrass quality is on a visual rating of 1to 9 where 1=bare soil, 6=minimally acceptable, 9=optimum uni-formity, density, and greenness. Canopy greenness will beassessed using a CM 1000 (NDVI Meter; Spectrum Technologies)chlorophyll meter. Weather data will be collected daily using aweather station located on site.

Previous GHG Results

Data analysis from the 2013 growing season indicated that soiltemperature and moisture were highly significant (p<0.001) indi-cators of soil CO2 and N2O flux (Figure 1). While we did alsoidentify differences in greenhouse gas emissions with nitrogensource (Figure 2); we found the temperature and moisture to bemuch more significant predictors of flux for these two gases(Figure 1). Soil temperature generally is an uncontrollable vari-able, but soil moisture especially on golf courses is frequentlymanaged.

Figure 1. Soil temperature generally is an uncontrollable variable, but soil moisture especially on golf courses is frequently managed. Soil Temperatureand Soil Moisture plotted against soil CO2 and N2O flux. The black dots represents the data points and the matrix represents the model generatedusing SAS to explain 99.99% of the data. CO2 = [(0.09201)*temperature + (0.05011) moisture + 1.29697]^4; N2O = [(-0.000316)*temperature + (-0.0002943) moisture + 0.13343]^(-1/3) – 2.

Figure 2. we found the temperature and moisture to be much more significant predictors of flux for these two gases

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This proposal continues the screening of

potentially resistant Minnesota native elm

selections to Dutch elm disease (DED), both in

the greenhouse and field and it also supports

work to find more rapid methods of propaga-

tion and screening. This joint effort between

Professors Robert Blanchette and Gary

Johnson and staff from Forest Resources, Plant

Pathology and Horticulture at the University of

Minnesota is showing great promise in obtain-

ing DED resistant elm cultivars that will grow

well in Minnesota and across the northern

United States. Dutch elm disease has been

in Minnesota since 1961. Since that time, the

losses have been enormous and disease has

killed millions of elm trees. The American elm

is an excellent tree for urban areas and is also a

very important forest species. The elm tolerates

salt, pollution and other stresses better than

most other tree species. It also is an important

component in the ecology of Minnesota’s forests. Continued

heavy disease pressure from the aggressive strain of the fungus,

Ophiostoma novo-ulmi is still occurring and trees continue to die.

Of great interest are the few trees that remain alive in areas of

heavy disease pressure. With the help of arborists, foresters and

the public throughout the state, we have been able to identify sur-

viving elms that appear to have disease resistance. However, to

determine if these trees are in fact resistant it is necessary to

propagate the trees and rigorously test them by inoculation with

the pathogen. Field testing of these trees is also essential and for

this long term research to be successful continued support is

needed.

Rationale, Benefits to Grounds Managers

In an effort to combat DED and keep American elms in our

landscapes, resistant selections are being used with increasing

frequency in urban areas. This has been a positive trend toward

the reestablishment of the American elm. However, the DED

pathogen has hybridized in the recent past and Ophiostoma ulmi

has been displaced by the more virulent strain Ophiostoma novo-

ulmi (Brasier 2001). Because the resistance mechanisms in elm

are not currently understood, it is not clear how today’s resistant

varieties will tolerate the pathogen if its’ virulence changes in the

future. The resistance of particular elms to DED will last only as

long as the virulence of the pathogen remains the same or lower.

This means it is very important to have a variety of genotypes of

resistant elms to protect against losing large populations of trees

with similar genetic background. Furthermore, it is exceedingly

important that newly-identified trees and putatively-resistant

trees are thoroughly tested before they are marketed as “resis-

tant.”

Ultimately, the goal is to increase the avail-

ability and diversity of disease-tolerant elm

cultivars available to the public. The ability to

generate more clones in a shorter time period

will also lead to quicker identification of new

disease-tolerant cultivars. This project will

help to preserve disease-tolerant trees and

strive to distribute them back into the regions

they came from. Using cuttings as a method

for propagation is sporadic in its success.

Micropropagation offers the potential to pro-

duce a larger number of clones in a smaller

unit area with less parent plant tissue com-

pared to traditional propagation techniques.

There is also a narrow window during the year

in which cuttings can be made successfully.

Tissue culture also offers the ability to propa-

gate almost continuously throughout the year

using growth chambers and greenhouses.

We currently have over 80 elm selec-

tions of interest, collected from various locations

throughout Minnesota. These trees have been identified by

interactions with individuals, landowners, city officials, arborists

and foresters throughout Minnesota to identify candidate elms

for our program. An interactive map has been developed and is

on-line to show the locations for the various elms that have been

identified around the state of Minnesota. The map can be found

at http://elms.umn.edu/elm-map. Many of these elms are cur-

rently being propagated and will be ready for screening this sum-

mer and over the next few years. American elm (Ulmus ameri-

cana), rock elm (U. thomasii), and red elm (U. rubra) are all well-

represented in our collections.

The overall objective of our research is to identify and test

putative resistance of selected elms in an effort to bring disease

resistant, cold hardy, aesthetically pleasing Minnesota elms that

grounds managers can utilize back into our landscape.

Objectives

1. Continue surveys statewide to identify survivor native

elms in the Minnesota landscape.

2. Increase propagation success and efficiency using

grafting, budding and micropropagation techniques

3. Establishment and maintain the elm seedling nursery

4. Greenhouse screening trials using putatively resistant

selections from the Minnesota landscape and

grafted material.

5. Inoculate trees in the field.

6. Determine ploidy of selected MN elms that have

resistance

7. Study the mechanisms of resistance in elms to Dutch

elm disease.

2015 MTGF FUNDING - $20,000Research: Selecting Minnesota Elms for Resistance to Dutch Elm Disease

Principal Investigators: Robert A. Blanchette, Benjamin Held, Gary Johnson and Chad GiblinDepartment of Plant Pathology / University of Minnesota - Twin Cities

Ulmas americana locted in PolkCounty was sole survivor of severalplanted in the 1940s. Studies sup-ported by MTGF are determining if

some elms are truly resistant toDutch Elm Disease.

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MTGF ALLIED ASSOCIATIONS

ABOUT THE COVER: In April, Chad Giblin (pictured on the center), University of Minnesota, organized a Pruning Workshop which turned outto be a good day for young trees at Midland Hills Country Club. Many MTGF allied association members attended this informative, hands-on event.

MTGFminnesota turf and grounds foundation

DATE EVENT VENUE

MGCSA 6/15/2015 The Scramble Medina Golf & CC

MGCSA 6/23/2015 Southwest Exposure Event Rose Lake GC

MGCSA 7/20/2015 Northern Exposure Event The Quarry

MGCSA 8/17/2015 The Lakes Area Event Alexandria GC

MGCSA 9/28/2015 The Championship Le Sueur CC

MSA 5/16/2015 Tree Climbing Championship Shakopee

MSA 6/11/2015 Arborist Workshop Rochester

MSA 6/12/2015 Certification Exam Cottage Grove

MSA 6/24/2015 Plant Diagnostics Workshop Shade Tree Event

MSA August Research Nursery Day St Paul

MSA 9/11/2015 Climbing Workshop TBD

MSA 9/23/2015 Day of Service Fort Snelling

National Cemetery

MSA 10/1/2015 Fall Conference St Paul

MSA 10/2/2015 Certification Exam St Paul

MSA November Cabling Workshop TBA

MSA 11/21/2015 Women's Retreat Villa Maria Retreat

& Conference Center

DATE EVENT VENUE

MPSTMA 6/9/2015 Network Picnic Town & Country Fence

MPSTMA 6/10/2015 MPSTMA Tour on Wheels CHS Field, Target

Field, Baker Park

MPSTMA 7/17/2015 MINN / IOWA Chapter Clash Ames, Iowa

MPSTMA 9/18/2015 MPSTMA Fall Workshop St. Louis Park Rec Ctr.

MPSTMA Aug/Sept Community Service Project TBD

MASMS 5/12/2015 State Meeting TBD

MASMS 5/21/2015 Northern Chapter Mtg Arrowwood Lodge

MASMS 6/17/2015 Custodial Days TBD

MASMS 6/18/2015 Custodial Days TBD

MASMS 6/23/2015 Northern Custodial Days TBD

MASMS 6/25/2015 Southern Custodial Days TBD

MASMS 9/30/2015 State Conference St Cloud

MASMS 9/30/2015 Scholars Golf Tournament Wapicada GC



MASMS 10/21/2015 Southern Chapter Mtg Mankato

MASMS 11/10/2015 Metro Chapter Mtg Minneapolis

MASMS 11/19/2015 Northern Chapter Mtg Arrowwood Lodge

MTGF ALLIED ASSOCIATION 2015 CALENDAR

mtgf clippings spring 2015

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