msu extension pesticide education ornamental pest management (category 3b) non-pest disorders and...
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Ornamental Pest Ornamental Pest Management (Category 3B)Management (Category 3B)
Non-Pest Disorders andNon-Pest Disorders and Landscape Weeds Landscape Weeds
Chapter 5Chapter 5
Environmental & Cultural Environmental & Cultural DisordersDisorders
Most landscape plant injury is caused by poor growing conditions.
Weakened plants are more susceptible to pest attack than non-stressed plants.
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Environmental and Cultural Environmental and Cultural DisordersDisorders
ConstructionConstruction Salt Salt DessicationDessication Mechanical Mechanical
damagedamage PesticidesPesticides CompactionCompaction
DroughtDrought FloodingFlooding Improper plantingImproper planting Improper cultural Improper cultural
practicespractices Poor plant Poor plant
selectionselection
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Tough environmental
conditions.
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Site too wet for this species.
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Tough environmental conditions.
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Poor planting technique.
Note the twine that has not decayed.
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Herbicide injury through root absorption.
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Black walnut trees and stunted white pine.
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Excavation and construction activity caused this tree to die early.
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Poor site conditions post-construction.
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Flooded conditions suffocate roots.
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Desiccation
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Cold temperature injury.
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Lightening injury on oak.
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Environmental and Cultural Environmental and Cultural DisordersDisorders
ConstructionConstruction Salt Salt DessicationDessication Mechanical Mechanical
damagedamage PesticidesPesticides CompactionCompaction
DroughtDrought FloodingFlooding Improper plantingImproper planting Improper cultural Improper cultural
practicespractices Poor plant Poor plant
selectionselection
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Landscape WeedLandscape Weed
WEEDWEED = any plant = any plant growing where it is not growing where it is not
wanted.wanted.
Change the location and any plant can become a weed.
For example, bluegrass invading a flower bed is a weed.
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Weeds Compete For:Weeds Compete For:
Growing spaceGrowing space
WaterWater
NutrientsNutrients
SunlightSunlight
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Knotweed is tolerant of compacted soil.
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Weeds are Indicators of Site Weeds are Indicators of Site ConditionsConditions
Hot soilHot soil– Purslane, spurgePurslane, spurge
Compacted, wetCompacted, wet– Annual bluegrassAnnual bluegrass
Wet, shadyWet, shady– Rough bluegrass, horsetailRough bluegrass, horsetail
Deep shadeDeep shade– Ground ivy, chickweedGround ivy, chickweed
Weeds can...
- Girdle plants
- Harbor pests
- Injure people
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Vines can girdle established plants.
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Monocots: parallel leaf veins, growth Monocots: parallel leaf veins, growth points at/below soil levelpoints at/below soil level– Grass family Grass family
• Crabgrass, quackgrassCrabgrass, quackgrass
– Sedge family Sedge family • NutsedgeNutsedge
– Lily familyLily family• Wild garlicWild garlic
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Dicots: net-like leaf veins, diverse growing Dicots: net-like leaf veins, diverse growing pointspoints– Composite family
• Dandelions, thistles
– Mustard family • Shepherd's purse
– Carrot family• Wild carrot
Many others
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Stages of Weed DevelopmentStages of Weed Development
1. Seedling1. Seedling
– Tender, vulnerableTender, vulnerable
2. Vegetative2. Vegetative
– Great uptake of Great uptake of water and nutrientswater and nutrients
3. Seed production3. Seed production
– Reduced uptake, energy Reduced uptake, energy directed to flowers, fruitdirected to flowers, fruit
4. Maturity4. Maturity
– Little uptake or energy Little uptake or energy production production
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Annual weeds: live one year Annual weeds: live one year – Summer annuals: Summer annuals: seed and die by winter.seed and die by winter.
• Pigweed, crabgrassPigweed, crabgrass
– Winter annuals: Winter annuals: germinate in late germinate in late summer, overwinter, produce seed, die the summer, overwinter, produce seed, die the next season.next season.
• Chickweed, pennycressChickweed, pennycress
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Lambsquarter
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Biennial weeds: broadleaf plants with Biennial weeds: broadleaf plants with a two year life cyclea two year life cycle
– vegetative growth first yearvegetative growth first year
– mature, seed and die in second yearmature, seed and die in second year
• Queen Anne’s lace, bull thistleQueen Anne’s lace, bull thistle
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Queen Anne’s lace.
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Perennial weeds: live 3 or more yearsPerennial weeds: live 3 or more years
– most persistent most persistent
– difficult to controldifficult to control
– propagulespropagules• rhizomes, stolons, bulbs, tubersrhizomes, stolons, bulbs, tubers
– wide range of dicots and monocotswide range of dicots and monocots• quackgrass, dandelion, poison ivyquackgrass, dandelion, poison ivy
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Quackgrass
Dandelion
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Scout, identify and inventory populations.
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Managing Landscape WeedsManaging Landscape Weeds
Maintain vigorous ornamentalsMaintain vigorous ornamentals
Prevent seed productionPrevent seed production
Prevent seed germinationPrevent seed germination
Limit emerged weeds earlyLimit emerged weeds early
Limit susceptible stages of mature Limit susceptible stages of mature weeds.weeds.
Alternative Weed ControlsAlternative Weed Controls
SanitationSanitation
TillageTillage
CultivationCultivation
CuttingCutting
MulchingMulching
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Chemical designed to control Chemical designed to control weeds. Plant, soil and weeds. Plant, soil and weather conditions influence weather conditions influence herbicidal activity.herbicidal activity.
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Herbicide Herbicide CharacteristicsCharacteristics
Contact Systemic
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Herbicide CharacteristicsHerbicide Characteristics
PersistentNon
Persistent
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Herbicide CharacteristicsHerbicide Characteristics
SelectiveNon
Selective
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Herbicide CharacteristicsHerbicide Characteristics Application in relation to plant developmentApplication in relation to plant development
– Pre-plantPre-plant
• Before crop is plantedBefore crop is planted
– Pre-emergentPre-emergent
• Before weeds emergeBefore weeds emerge
– Post emergentPost emergent• After weeds emergeAfter weeds emerge
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Herbicides and Plant Herbicides and Plant CharacteristicsCharacteristics
Growing pointsGrowing points
Leaf shape and orientationLeaf shape and orientation
Wax and cuticleWax and cuticle
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Herbicides and Plant Herbicides and Plant CharacteristicsCharacteristics
Leaf hairsLeaf hairs
DeactivationDeactivation
Life cycle stageLife cycle stage
Herbicide EffectivenessHerbicide Effectiveness
seedling vegetative flowering mature0
20
40
60
80
100
seedling vegetative flowering mature
% control
Climatic FactorsClimatic Factors
Relative humidityRelative humidity
LightLight
PrecipitationPrecipitation
TemperatureTemperature