mr. gleason cambridge-south dor. cambridge, md. a view of egypt by satellite begins in the middle of...
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Mr. GleasonCambridge-South Dor.
Cambridge, MD
Mr. GleasonCambridge-South Dor.
Cambridge, MD
A View of Egypt by Satellite
A View of Egypt by SatelliteBegins in Begins in
the middle the middle of Africa of Africa and and extends extends north for north for 4,000 miles4,000 miles
Delta Delta = = Lower EgyptLower Egypt
Mediterranean Mediterranean SeaSea
Place where important Place where important cities developedcities developed
Red SeaRed Sea
The Fertile Nile Valley
The Fertile Nile ValleyThe River rose in the The River rose in the
Summer and reached Summer and reached its highest point in its highest point in September and OctoberSeptember and October
Once water receded, Once water receded, black mud was left that black mud was left that
was rich and fertile was rich and fertile “BLACK LAND”“BLACK LAND”
Blessed with natural Blessed with natural barriers- deserts, barriers- deserts,
Mediterranean Sea, Red Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Rapids on the NileSea, Rapids on the Nile
The Annual Flooding of the Nile
“The Miracle”
The Annual Flooding of the Nile
“The Miracle”
Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf
Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf
They constructed a network of They constructed a network of irrigation systems that directed irrigation systems that directed
water onto different parts of land to water onto different parts of land to saturate the land. saturate the land.
The The shadufshaduf, the water-lifting device allowing , the water-lifting device allowing farmers to irrigate canals during the dry farmers to irrigate canals during the dry
summer.summer.
A Noria, buckets attached to a A Noria, buckets attached to a waterwheel. Another device to lift waterwheel. Another device to lift
water.water.
Click on me: http://www.historyforkids.org/crafts/egypt/shaduf.htm
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Ancient Egyptian History
Ancient Egyptian HistoryPeriods Time Frame
Nile Culture Begins
3900 B. C. E.
Archaic 3100 – 2650 B. C. E.
Old Kingdom 2650 – 2134 B. C. E.
Middle Kingdom 2040 – 1640 B. C. E.
New Kingdom 1550 – 1070 B. C. E.
Late Period 750 – 332 B. C. E.
Greek Ptolemaic Era
332 – 30 B. C. E.
Roman Period 30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E.
Menes: Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt
Menes: Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt
c. 3050 B. C. E. ?
c. 3050 B. C. E. ?
Menes: Menes: King who King who
united Upper united Upper and Lower and Lower
Egypt Egypt creating the creating the first dynastyfirst dynasty
ArcheologArcheologists found ists found
Menes Menes wearing wearing
the crown the crown of Upper of Upper
and Lower and Lower Egypt.Egypt.
For a long time, Menes was considered to be as For a long time, Menes was considered to be as imaginary as the Gods. Some historians believe that the imaginary as the Gods. Some historians believe that the
Sphinx was a monument dedicated to Menes.Sphinx was a monument dedicated to Menes.
DynastyDynasty – family of rulers – family of rulers whose right to rule is passed whose right to rule is passed
on within the family.on within the family.
Ancient Egyptian Housing
Ancient Egyptian HousingMiddle Class
HomesMiddle Class Homes
Peasant Homes
Peasant Homes
Scenes of Ancient EgyptianDaily Life
Scenes of Ancient EgyptianDaily Life
Young boys and girls Young boys and girls married very young: married very young:
Girls-12 ; Boys-14Girls-12 ; Boys-14
Monogamy was the Monogamy was the general rule, although a general rule, although a
husband could take husband could take another wife if childlessanother wife if childless
Most careers were closed Most careers were closed to women, but some did to women, but some did
operate businesses.operate businesses.
Parents arranged Parents arranged marriages; chief concern marriages; chief concern was to produce childrenwas to produce children
Many love poems Many love poems have been have been
excavated and it excavated and it can be seen that can be seen that some marriages some marriages
did have the did have the element of element of romance. romance.
Making Ancient Egyptian Beer
Making Ancient Egyptian Beer
Beer = Beer = Staple Staple drink; drink;
enjoyed by enjoyed by poor and poor and wealthywealthy
Beer = Offerings to Gods, Beer = Offerings to Gods, used as money for wages, used as money for wages,
beer given in rationsbeer given in rations
Making Beer = Traditionally Making Beer = Traditionally a woman’s task made from a woman’s task made from
yeast filled breadyeast filled bread
The Bread was made, lightly baked, torn into pieces, and The Bread was made, lightly baked, torn into pieces, and strained through a sieve with water. Flavor was added by dates strained through a sieve with water. Flavor was added by dates
and stored in large jars for fermentation. and stored in large jars for fermentation.
What action is happening based What action is happening based on all these hieroglyphics?on all these hieroglyphics?
What action did the What action did the hieroglyphics hieroglyphics represent? represent?
Making Ancient Egyptian WineMaking Ancient Egyptian Wine
Wine = Offerings to Gods, Wine = Offerings to Gods, used as money for wages, used as money for wages,
beer given in rationsbeer given in rations
Wine = Considered by many Wine = Considered by many to be a food and used for to be a food and used for
medicinemedicine
It also was used as a mild antiseptic , as cough syrup , as an appetite-restorer , for quelling fevers, dressing wounds , and “releasing a child from the belly of a woman ,” i.e for sedating the woman in birth.
Made exclusively for royalty Made exclusively for royalty and the elite.and the elite.
Valuable commodity only used in Valuable commodity only used in special occasionsspecial occasions
Wine was believed to have divine qualities. Ancient wine was not Wine was believed to have divine qualities. Ancient wine was not only made from grapes, but fruits such as figs, pomegranates, only made from grapes, but fruits such as figs, pomegranates,
dates, figs, and palm.dates, figs, and palm.
An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves”
An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves”
PerfumePerfume
WhigsWhigs
MirrorMirror
The scents were extracted by steeping plants, flowers or wood. The materials were placed in a piece of cloth which was wrung until the last drop of fragrance had been retrieved. Alternatively they were boiled with oil and water and the oil skimmed off.
Worn by men and Worn by men and women made of women made of
human hair, plant human hair, plant fiber, and sheep fiber, and sheep wool. Some false wool. Some false
beards were worn as beards were worn as well.well.
Egyptian Social Hierarchy
Egyptian Social HierarchyEgyptian Egyptian
Society was Society was organized like organized like a pyramid with a pyramid with the god-king at the god-king at
the top. the top.
Pharaoh was Pharaoh was surrounded by surrounded by
priests and priests and upper class upper class
nobles.nobles.
Below the upper Below the upper class were class were merchants, merchants,
artisans, artisans, scribes, and tax scribes, and tax
collectorscollectors
Made Made exclusively exclusively for royalty for royalty
and the elite.and the elite.
Largest Largest number of number of people in people in
Egypt worked Egypt worked the landthe land
The peasants The peasants paid taxes in the paid taxes in the form of crops to form of crops to
the pharaoh, the pharaoh, nobles, and nobles, and
priestspriests
Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs
Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs
Thutmose III
1504-1450 B. C. E.
Thutmose III
1504-1450 B. C. E.
Ramses II1279-1212 B.
C. E.
Ramses II1279-1212 B.
C. E.
Tutankhamon
1336-1327 B. C. E.
Tutankhamon
1336-1327 B. C. E.
- Nephew of the first Nephew of the first women to become women to become pharaoh pharaoh (Hatshepsut)(Hatshepsut)
- Controlled present Controlled present day Palestine, Syria, day Palestine, Syria, and Libyaand Libya
- The boy pharaohThe boy pharaoh- Restored the old Restored the old
gods after gods after Akhenaton rule.Akhenaton rule.
- Egyptians began attacking Egyptians began attacking other empires, regained other empires, regained control of Palestine.control of Palestine.
- An invasion of the “Sea An invasion of the “Sea People” caused his empire People” caused his empire to collapse. to collapse.
Egyptian Nobility & Religion
Egyptian Nobility & Religion
Egyptians Egyptians were were
polytheistic- polytheistic- belief in belief in
more than more than one godone god
Gods were Gods were associated associated
with with heavenly heavenly
bodies and bodies and natural natural forcesforces
Most Most importaimportant gods nt gods
were were the sun the sun
gods gods and and land land godsgods
Many Many gods gods took took on on
differedifferent nt
forms forms and and
differedifferent nt
namesnames..
Story of “Story of “Osiris Osiris and Isisand Isis””
Egyptian Gods & Goddesses:
“The Sacred ‘Trinity’”
Egyptian Gods & Goddesses:
“The Sacred ‘Trinity’”
Osiris Isis Horus Osiris Isis Horus
Egyptian ScribeEgyptian Scribe
Writing Writing emerged emerged around 3000 around 3000 B.C. B.C. (hieroglyphic(hieroglyphics)s)
Hieroglyphics Hieroglyphics an advanced an advanced form of writing form of writing using using picturespictures and and abstractabstract forms.forms.
Hieratic Script- Hieratic Script- highly highly simplified simplified version of version of hieroglyphicshieroglyphics
Hieratic Hieratic writing writing
was used was used for record for record keeping keeping
and and business business
transactiotransactions.ns.
PapyruPapyrus- a s- a paper paper made made from from reed reed that that grew grew around around the the Nile.Nile.
““A boy’s ears A boy’s ears are on his are on his back. He back. He
listens only listens only when he is when he is beaten.”beaten.”
Papyrus PaperPapyrus Paper
Papyrus PlantPapyrus Plant
Hieratic Scroll Piece
Hieratic Scroll Piece
Egyptian Math & Draftsmenship
Egyptian Math & Draftsmenship
11 1010 100100 10001000 10,00010,000 100,000100,000 1,000,0001,000,000
What number is this?
What number is this?
Champollion & the Rosetta Stone
Champollion & the Rosetta StoneRosetta Stone- Rosetta Stone-
a decree that a decree that appears in appears in three separate three separate texts.texts.1- Ancient 1- Ancient
EgyptianEgyptian2- Demotic2- Demotic3- Ancient 3- Ancient GreekGreek
Provided the Provided the key for modern key for modern understanding understanding of of hieroglyphicshieroglyphics
Hieroglyphic
“Cartouche”
Hieroglyphic
“Cartouche”
Mr. Ryan Mr. Ryan GleasonGleason
Hieroglyphics “Alphabet”Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic
symbols 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic
symbols
http://www.virtual-egypt.com/newhtml/glyph/glyph.html
Preparations for the Underworld
Preparations for the Underworld
Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit
Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit
ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather.
ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather.
Egyptians Egyptians believed in two believed in two bodies- bodies- Physical and Physical and Spiritual.Spiritual.
*If the physical body
*If the physical body
was preserved than
was preserved than
the spiritual one would
the spiritual one would
returnreturn
Liver, lungs, Liver, lungs, stomach, and stomach, and intestines were intestines were placed in placed in special jars.special jars.
Brain was removed Brain was removed by extracting it from by extracting it from the nose.the nose.
Materials Used in Mummification
Materials Used in Mummification
1. Linen 6. Natron2. Sawdust 7. Onion3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads5. Resin 10. Frankinsense
1. Linen 6. Natron2. Sawdust 7. Onion3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads5. Resin 10. Frankinsense
Mummification Mummification – a process of – a process of slowly drying a slowly drying a dead body to dead body to prevent it from prevent it from rotting.rotting.
Preparation for the Afterlife
Preparation for the Afterlife
Corpse covered
Corpse covered with natural salt,
with natural salt, to absorb the
to absorb the body’s water.
body’s water.Body is filled with Body is filled with spices and spices and wrapped with wrapped with resin soaked resin soaked linens.linens.
70 day proce
ss
70 day proce
ss
Afterlife mask
Afterlife mask
Mummy placed
Mummy placed in a case and
in a case and then the tomb.
then the tomb.
Egyptian MummiesEgyptian Mummies
Seti I1291-1278 B.
C. E.
Seti I1291-1278 B.
C. E.Queen Tiye,
wife of Amenhotep II
1210-1200 B. C. E.
Queen Tiye, wife of
Amenhotep II1210-1200 B. C. E.
Ramses II1279-1212 B.
C. E.
Ramses II1279-1212 B.
C. E.
Click on me: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/egyptians/launch_gms_mummy_maker.shtml
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Journey to the Underworld
Journey to the Underworld
A boat for the journey is
provided for a dead pharaoh
in his tomb.
A boat for the journey is
provided for a dead pharaoh
in his tomb.
The dead travel on the “Solar Bark.”
The dead travel on the “Solar Bark.”
One must pass One must pass through the through the Underworld Underworld before they reach before they reach the Afterlife.the Afterlife.
Magic will help to
Magic will help to
provide a safe
provide a safe
travel.travel.
Egyptian Book of the Dead
Egyptian Book of the Dead
Book of Book of the the Dead- Dead- CollectiCollection of on of Spells Spells to help to help the the dead dead pass pass through through the the underwunderworldorld
http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/mummies/activity/main.html
The Final JudgementThe Final Judgement
Anubis Horus Osiris Anubis Horus Osiris
Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants
in the Afterlife
Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants
in the AfterlifeUsed Used to be to be staff staff for the for the pharaopharaoh’s h’s afterlifafterlife if e if called called upon upon to do to do so.so.
Giza Pyramid ComplexGiza Pyramid Complex
Great Great achievements achievements of Egyptian of Egyptian time, building time, building of pyramids of pyramids during the Old during the Old Kingdom.Kingdom.
Pyramids- Pyramids- building building dedicated for dedicated for pharaoh’s burial.pharaoh’s burial.
Click on me: http://www.eyelid.co.uk/Egyptian_Videos/Great_Pyramids.html
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Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu
Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu
Largest Largest pyramid built
pyramid built in Giza.in Giza.
Covers 13
Covers 13
acres
acres
481 feet
481 feet
highhigh
100,000
100,000
pyramid
pyramid
builders
builders
20 years to
20 years to buildbuild
Extremely Extremely preciseprecise
Great Sphinx Great Sphinx guards the guards the PyramidPyramid
Sphinx head- likeness Sphinx head- likeness of his sonof his son
Archaeologist, Howard Carter (1922)
Archaeologist, Howard Carter (1922)
Primary Primary discovediscoverer of rer of King King TutTut
From From London, London, EnglandEngland
Best Best preserpreserved ved and and most most intact intact tombtomb
Entrance to King “Tut’s” Tomb
Entrance to King “Tut’s” Tomb
King Tutankhamon’s Death Mask
King Tutankhamon’s Death Mask
1336-1327 B. C. E.
1336-1327 B. C. E.
King TutankhamonKing Tutankhamon
King Tutankhamun’s Tomb
King Tutankhamun’s Tomb
Treasures From Tut’s Tomb
Treasures From Tut’s Tomb
Ankhenaton: First Monotheist?
Ankhenaton: First Monotheist?
1352-1336 B. C. E.
1352-1336 B. C. E.
QueenNefertitiQueen
Nefertiti
Known Known for a for a ReligiouReligious s RevolutiRevolutionon
CelebrateCelebrated d MonotheiMonotheism, sm, AtenAten Sun GodSun God
Made Made Famous Famous for her for her bustbust
Ruled Ruled briefly briefly after after her her husbanhusbands ds death.death.