Health Education and Promotion Department

Umm Al-Qura UniversityFaculty of Public Health and Health Informatics

By: Dr. Ahmed Abdullah

Motivation Part 2

Approaches of the Motivation

General Concepts

Major Theories of Motivation

Contents of the Lecture

Approaches to Motivation

Need-based approach

Process-based approach

Learning/reinforcement-based approach.

Three main approaches to motivation

General Concepts

• Our role as health care provider is to assist our patients to move toward a state of action that leads to improve health status outcome.

Major Theories of MotivationI. Content (Need-based) Approach theories:

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theoryAlderfer’s ERG Theory Herzberg’s Two Factor TheoryMcClelland’s Learned Needs Theory

II. Process-based Approach theories:Vroom's expectancy theoryAdams' equity theory.Goal-setting theoryReinforcement theory.

Major Theories of Motivation

I. Content or Need-based Approach theories:Content Theories deal

with “what” motivates people and it is concerned with individual needs and goals.

Major Theories of Motivation

II. Process Theories deal with the “process” of motivation and is concerned with “how” motivation occurs.

Theories of Motivation

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory

Alderfer's ERG theory

McClelland's three-needs theory

Need Approach Theories

Maslow’s Needs-Hierarchy Theory

People have a hierarchy of five increasingly needs:

Physiologicalsecurity or safetysocial or belongings needsself-esteemself-actualization.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow’s Pyramid

Principle of Maslow’s Needs-Hierarchy Theory

People are motivated first to satisfy the lower-order needs and then, in sequence, each of the higher-order needs.

Herzberg's Two factor theory

1- Hygiene Factors2- Motivator Factors

HERZBERG'S Two Factor Theory

• He called the satisfiers motivators and the dissatisfiers hygiene factors, using the term "hygiene" in the sense that they are considered maintenance factors that are necessary to avoid dissatisfaction but that by themselves do not provide satisfaction.

HERZBERG'S Two factor theory

Leading to Dissatisfaction Leading to Satisfaction

Company policy Achievement

Supervision Work itself

Relationship w/Boss Responsibility

Work conditions Advancement

Salary Growth

Relationship w/Peers Recognition

McCleland's acquired need theory

Need for Affiliation

Need for Achievement

Need for Power.

Alderfer's ERG theory

Has here components:• Existence: Combined the physiological

and safety needs into one level.• Relatedness: address the belonging

needs.• Growth: combined self esteem and self

actualization.

Major Theories of Motivation

Adams' equity theory

Vroom's expectancy theory

Goal-setting theory

Reinforcement theory

Process Approach Theories

Major Theories of Motivation

Adams' Equity Theory

Equity is an individual's beliefs that he or she is being treated fairly relative to the treatment of others.

Process Theories of Motivation

Vroom's Expectancy Theory:motivation plus effort leads to performance, which

then leads to outcomes.

Motivation + Effort = Performance

Performance Outcomes.

Major Theories of Motivation

Goal-setting Theory

should set goals for the individual on a regular basis and that rewards should be tied to the accomplishment of goals

Questions? Comments?