Mobile Measurements of Greenhouse Gases in China and

ColoradoLevi Stanton

Princeton UniversityDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Motivation China’s Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) use is increasing

exponentially

Natural gas vehicles (NGV) present a new source of CH4

Methane (CH4) has a global warming potential 25 times that of CO2

Are NGV really a “bridge to the future”?China Alternative Fuel Vehicles (www.cafv.com.cn): Report on Market Development of China’s Natural Gas Vehicles

Roof mounted sensors include:

NH3 CH4 N2O/CO CO2/H2O Vapor

Sensors

CARE-Beijing Campaign ran from June 01 to July 01, 2014

Specifically interested in urban emissions primarily from: Compressed and liquid natural gas vehicles Waste water treatment plants Landfills (both official and unofficial)

Drove more than 6,000 km comparing trace gas concentrations in Beijing to surrounding agricultural regions

(Campaigns of Air Quality Research in Beijing and Surrounding Regions)

NGV Signatures in BaoDing (保定 ), China

China’s compressed and liquid natural gas vehicles (NGV) are leaking more than expected

The Chinese NGV emission factor is about 30 times higher than the Nam et al. estimation for the United State’s fleet

Increased regulation and research is needed to ensure that NGV do not have unintended consequences

Nam, E. K., T. E. Jensen, and T. J. Wallington. "Methane Emissions from Vehicles." Environmental Science & Technology 38.7 (2004): 2005-010. Web

(Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality)

Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved observations relevant to Air

QualityJuly 15th – August 15th, 2014

Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation

(CAFO) Princeton sampled 65 of

67 CAFOs in Weld County

Preliminary data shows rapid dry deposition of nitrogen near large sources of ammonia

Based upon mean wind speeds and the decreasing rate of the ΔNH3/ΔCH4, the lifetime of gas phase NH3 was approximately ten minutes in this near source region.

Wind

NG Drilling

Pad0 km Downwind

.8 kmDownwind 0 kmUpwind.8 kmUpwind

Significance Found that NGV are polluting

more than anticipated

Investigated CAFOs, oil and gas facilities, waste water treatment plants, agriculture, urban streets, and Rocky Mountain National Park

Identified a higher than anticipated rate of nitrogen dry deposition near CAFOs

Acknowledgements

I would especially like to thank Levi Golston, Da Pan, Kang Sun, Lei Tao, and Mark Zondlo, all of whom I spent many

tireless days in the field with.