Motivation and Human BehaviorJerico Dominguez IgnacioDalandanan National High SchoolMAED-Educational ManagementMAED 311 - Human Behavior in Educational OrganizationDr. Lilian B. EnriquezProfessor

I am your sessions reporter by this most holy hour of the day.

I just ever wish that sighs and yawns will never be on your side as I start this learning engagement by saying

Lets ReflectAs a school manager, what will you do to motivate your employees/members to perform effectively and efficiently?

AgendaMotivation definedMotivation to AuthoritiesTypes of MotivationTheories of Motivation

Going Beyond the Fringe in Benefits: Especially Creative Reward PracticesCompany

Apple ComputerPublix Super MarketsAdvanta CorporationWestin HotelsWorthington IndustriesReaders DigestPitney Bowes

SteelcaseDelta AirlinesReward

Stock purchase optionsPartial ownership in the companyOpportunity to help train new employeesFree meals while on the jobHaircuts for $2 while at workFridays off during the month of MayCourses in real estate, golf, painting, photography, and cake decoratingAccess to camping facilities and equipmentFree airline travel for employees and spouses

Definition of Motivationderived from the Latin word movere which means to movemotives are anything that initiates or sustains activityinner stage of energies, activities, or moves that direct or channel behavior towards goal

Definition of Motivationis an internal desire and force that drives us to accomplish tasks and goalsthe act or process of stimulating to action, providing an incentive or motive, especially for an act

Definition of Motivationthe process that accounts for an individuals intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward attaining a goalthe psychological forces that determine the direction of a persons behavior in an organization, a persons level of effort, and a persons level of persistence

Keywordssustain directinitiatechannelinternal desirestimulateforcemotivesmoveeffortinner stagepersistencegoal

Motivation to AuthoritiesMotivation is derived from the word motivate, means to move, push, or persuade to act for satisfying a need (Butkus and Green 1999)Motivation is a set of process concerned with a kind of force that energizes behavior and directs it towards achieving some specific goals. (Baron 1983)

Motivation to AuthoritiesMotivation represents those psychological processes that cause the stimulation, persistence of voluntary actions that are goal directed (Kreitner and Kinicki 2001)A motivated person has the awareness that specific goals must be achieved in specific ways, therefore he/she directs its effort to achieve such goals. (Nel, et al. 2001)

The Nature of MotivationIt has directionIt needs effortIt requires persistence

Types of MotivationIntrinsic motivation - comes from pleasure provided by the work itself; values rewards gained through the process of task completion, regardless of any external rewardsExtrinsic motivation comes from the pleasure of a reward; is believed to undermine intrinsic motivation

Intrinsic or ExtrinsicAn employee becomes an IT support professional because he wants to learn as much as possible about how users interact with various computer networksA car-rental desk manager can derive a strong feeling of accomplishment for helping stranded motorists just as a nurse can feel pride when helping patients.

Intrinsic or ExtrinsicThe person who dislikes sales but accepts a sales position because he or she desires to earn an above average salary is another example of extrinsic motivation.playing chess because you enjoy effortful thinkingselecting a major in college based on salary and prestige, rather than personal interest in the major.

Theories and Perspectives on MotivationContent Theories - explain why human needs change with time; explain the specific factors that motivate peopleProcess Theories focus on conscious human decision processes as an explanation of motivation

Theories and Perspectives on MotivationMaslows Hierarchy of NeedsHerzberg Two-Factor or Hygiene Motivation TheoryMcGregor Theory X and Theory YMcClellands Acquired Needs TheoryExpectancy TheoryEquity TheoryGoal-setting TheoryReinforcement Theory

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

A basic assumption of this theory is that people are perpetually wanting.Maslow suggested that needs only motivate people when they are unsatisfied.Once a certain set of needs are met, the next level will be achieved.

Herzberg Two-Factor or Hygiene Motivation Theory

This theory is based on looking at the main factors which result in either satisfying or dissatisfying experiences at work.

McGregor Theory X and Theory Y

It states that people inside the organization can be managed in two ways: the first is basically the negative, which falls under X category and other is basically positive, which falls under Y category.He concluded that a managers view of the nature of human beings is based on a certain grouping of assumptions and that he or she tends to mold his or her behavior towards subordinates according to these assumptions.

McClellands Acquired Needs TheoryDavid McClelland has developed a theory on three types of motivating needs:Need for PowerNeed for AffiliationNeed for Achievement

Expectancy TheoryVictor Vroom suggested that individuals choose work behaviors that they believe lead to outcomes they value.

Equity TheoryIt suggests that individuals engage in social comparison by comparing their efforts and rewards with those of relevant others.For managers, this emphasizes the importance of a reward system that is perceived as fair by employees.

Goal-setting TheoryThis theory was developed primarily by Edwin Locke and Gary Latham.It posits that goals are important factors affecting the motivation and behavior of employees.

Reinforcement TheoryThis theory can be traced to the work of the pioneering behaviorist B.F. Skinner.It posits that motivated behavior occurs as a result of reinforces.

ConclusionMotivation is the key to performance improvement.Motivation can be defined as the desire that individuals have to make efforts towards the goals that have organization while meeting individual needs.

Management is efficiency in climbing the ladder of success; leadership determines whether the ladder is leaning against the right wall. byStephen Covey

**6