motivating students to reach their potential...definitions from the research motivation- drive to do...
TRANSCRIPT
MOTIVATINGSTUDENTSTOREACHTHEIRPOTENTIAL
Day2
C.AnneGutshall
CollegeofCharleston
PLEASEREMEMBERTOASKQUESTIONS
STOP,CONSIDERANDDISCUSS
Whatdoesamotivatedkidlooklike?
Whatdoesanunmotivatedkidlooklike?
Isthereconsensus?
Aredescriptionsbehaviors,personalitytraits,studyhabits?
DEFINITIONSFROMTHERESEARCH
Motivation-drivetodosomething
MotivationtoLearn-Astudent’stendencytofindacademicactivitiesmeaningfulandworthwhileandtotrytoderivetheintendedacademicbenefitsfromthem(Brophy,1988,205).
COMMONTHEORETICALPERSPECTIVESONMOTIVATION
1.Behavioral 2.Cognitive/SocialCognitive
INHERENTASSUMPTIONOFBEHAVIORISTMODELS
Allstudentbehaviorismotivatedbyextrinsicforcesthattheteachercanshapeandcontrolwithrewardsandconsequences
Inschools,thereistypicallyanemphasisonthebehavioralperspective(ie.Grades,points,tickets)
2.COGNITIVEANDSOCIALCOGNITIVETHEORIES
Studentbehaviorandmotivationisdeterminedbystudentbeliefsandexpectationsinasocialenvironment
ASUMMARYEQUATION
Motivatingstudentstoreachtheirpotentialisseenastheproductof3forces:
ExpectancyxValencexClimate=Motivation
(Vroom,Feather,Banduraandothers)
INCLASSROOMS,STUDENTS
Routinelyaskthemselvesthefollowing3questions:
CanIdoit?(expectancy) Isitworthit?(valence) AmIsafe?(climate)
CANIDOIT?ISITWORTHIT?AMISAFE?
CanIdoit?Relatedtomindset,SelfEfficacy,taskclarity,pastexperiences,localofcontrol
Isitworthit?Relatedtoenjoymentoftask,extrinsicandintrinsicrewards,goals,predictabilityofenvironment
AmIsafe?Relatedtorelationships,predictability,emotionalconsistency,respectfulenvironments
THISMORNINGOURFOCUSISON:
CanIdoit?(academicmindset)
AmIsafe?(culturallyrelevantpedagogy)
CAROLDWECK-STANFORDUNIVERSITY
Whatwebelieveaboutourabilitiesinfluencesourmotivation-the“CanIdoit”partoftheequation.
Weallhaveimplicitbeliefsaboutourability(growth,fixed).Commonlyreferredtomindset
SO,WHATISMINDSET?
Theextenttowhichyoubelievethatyourintellectualabilitycanbegrownthrougheffortandpersistenceversustheideathatyouarejustassmartasyouwilleverbe EX…”Iamnotamathperson”…versus…”mathtakesmoreeffortfromme”
AGREEORDISAGREE
Youhaveacertainamountofintelligenceandyoureallycantdomuchtochangeit
Youcanlearnnewthingsbutyoucantreallychangeyourbasicintelligence
Yourintelligenceissomethingaboutyouthatyoucannotchangeverymuch
DWECKANDOTHERS
Puzzles(MuellerandDweck)
MiddleSchoolKids(Blackwell,TriesneiwskiandDweck)
UniveristyofChicago…IQtestwithmoms
Considerhowyouconveyyourbeliefs
“you’resosmart”(fixed)
“Wow,youworkedsohardandlearnedsomuch”
PRACTICALAPPLICATIONFIXEDANDGROWTHMINDSETS
THEPOWEROF“YET”
https://search.yahoo.com/search?fr=mcafee&type=C011US0D20140707&p=carol+dweck,+the+power+of+yet
Dweck“enjoyeffort,seekchallenge,beintriguedbymistakes”
RESEARCHSUGGESTS….
Thatstudentmindsetscanbechangedtopromoteresilience…or“goodoutcomesinspiteofseriousthreatstoadaptationordevelopment”(Masten,2001,YeagerandDweck,2012).
Researchalsosuggeststhatalearner’smindset,impacthisorhergoalsforlearning
(EXPECTATION)GOALORIENTATIONS(PINTRICHANDSCHUNK,2002)
Goalorientation Approachfocus Avoidancefocus
Mastery(growth) masteringthetask,learningunderstanding
Avoidingmisunderstandingornotmasteringthetask
Performance(fixed)
Beingsuperior,winning,beingthebest
Avoidinglookingstupidoravoidinglosing
MINDSETINFLUENCESONLEARNERATTRIBUTES
(AdaptedfromYeagerandDweck,2012)
Fixedmindset Growthmindset
goals Looksmart learn
Valueofeffort,helpandstrategies
lower higher
Responsetochallenge
Tendencytogiveup
Workharder
ADDITIONALBRIEFINTERVENTIONSTOCHANGESTUDENTMINDSETS
WilsonandLinville,1982
Firstyearcollegestudentsstrugglingacademically……..
Treatment-studentswatchedvideosofupperlevelstudentsdescribinghowtheirgradeswerelowatfirstbutimprovedovertime.
Controlwatchedvideosofupperlevelstudentstalkingaboutsocialandacademicinterests.
Atend80%lesslikelytodropout,higherGREsandhigherGPA
Goodetal,2003
Middleschoolstudentswhoreceivedweeklymentoringemailsdescribingagrowthmindsetovertheyearshowedsignificantlyhighermathandverbalachievementscoresthanmiddleschoolstudentsrandomlyassignedtoacontrolgroup.
SocialPsychologicalInterventionsinEducation:TheyarenotMagic(YeagerandWalton,2011)
APPLICATIONSTOSCHOOLS
Encourageindividualgrowthovertime(personalbest)
Encouragedeeppracticeasschoolculture
Highlightlearnerswhosetchallengingpersonalgoalsforlearning
Showcaseteachersandstudentswhostruggledatfirst,butpersisted,andovercamedifficulty
Praiseprocessoverintelligenceorability(Mueller&Dweck)
Teachyourlearnersbasicneuroscience…theideathatbrainsaredynamicandthatnobrainis“done”(Blackwell,TriezneiskiandDweck).
Makeyourclassroomaplacewheremistakesareanexpectedpartoflearningandthateffortisevidencethatneuronalconnectionsarebeingdeveloped.
Becarefulnottopraise“Gettingdonequickly”,conveythatdeeplearningcanbeeffortfulandtaketime
STOPANDCONSIDERANDDISCUSS
Whenweconsiderourstudents“atrisk”,or“belowgradelevel”,whatmindsetarewepromoting?
Howmightourschoolsoperatedifferentlyifwewerelessconcernedwith“gettingkidscaughtup”andmoreconcernedwith“growingskills,capacitiesandtalent”?
ITTURNSOUTTHATACADEMICMINDSET…
IspartofalargerframeworkcalledtheNon-CognitiveFactors
Non-CognitiveFactorsencompassindividual“behaviors,skills,attitudes,andstrategiesthatarecrucialtoacademicperformanceintheirclasses“(Farringtonet.al,2012)
NONCOGNITIVEFACTORS
1.ACADEMICMINDSETS
2.ACADEMICPERSEVERANCE
3.ACADEMICBEHAVIORS
4.LEARNINGSTRATEGIES
5.SOCIALSKILLS
(Farringtonet.al,2012)
ACADEMICMINDSETS
Ibelonginthisacademiccommunity
Myabilityandcompetencegrowwithmyeffort
Icansucceedatthis
Thisworkhasvaluetome
WHATDOESTHISSOUNDLIKE?
ACADEMICPERSEVERANCE
AngelaDuckworthandMartinSeligman
Thedegreetowhichstudentsstayfocusedonlongtermgoalsdespiteobstacles
GRIT
http://tedxtalks.ted.com/video/TEDxBlue-Angela-Lee-Duckworth-P
……………….NexttimeJ
INCONCLUSION
“Decadesofresearchhaveshownthatstudents’selfmotivationalbeliefssuchasself-efficacy,taskinterestandachievementgoalorientation(growthvsfixed)areimportantpredictorsofmotivatedbehaviors(effort)andacademicoutcomes.”(Cleary,GubiandPrescott,2011)
GOALSETTINGACTIVITY
Setagoalforyourselfandyourteachingthisyearrelatedtowhatyouhavelearnedaboutstudentmotivation,mindsetbeliefs.
