motion description concepts and terminology – pp 28-40 objectives: –define and provide examples...
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Motion Description Concepts and Terminology – pp 28-40
• Objectives:– Define and provide examples of linear, angular,
& general forms of motion – Identify & describe reference positions, planes,
and axes associated with the human body– Define & appropriately use directional terms &
joint movement terminology
Forms of motion (p 28-30)– Linear - moves from one place to another, or translates
• Rectilinear (straight-line) - ex. path of a dropped ball• Curvilinear (path is curved) - ex.: path of thrown ball
– Rotary, or angular - movement is around a restricted point, or axis, within the system. Ex: all body segmental movements.
– General, or combination - movement is both linear and rotary. Ex: movement of baseball bat during the swing.
Overview of Movement Description• Movement of a system within a frame of reference
• Before determining the nature of a movement, the mechanical system of interest must be defined.
• System may be a part of the body, the entire body, or the body plus an implement, etc.
Standard Reference TerminologyDirectional Terms
• Superior
• Inferior
• Anterior
• Posterior
• Medial
• Lateral
• Proximal
• Distal
• Superficial
• Deep
Joint Movement Terminology
• In anatomical position, all body segments are considered to be positioned at zero degrees.– Sagittal Plane Movements– Frontal Plane Movements– Transverse Plane Movements
• Other Movements
Movement Planes and Axes
• Planes (See Figure 2.3, p 33)– Transverse (across), frontal (front and back sections),
and sagital (left and right sections)
• Axes– mediolateral (side to side), anterio-posterior (front to
back), longitudinal, and diagonal (or oblique)
• Movements– Flexion-extension (mediolateral axis, sagital plane)
» example: squats at the knee and hip
– Abduction-adduction (anterio-post axis, frontal plane)» example: raising arm to side of shoulder
– Rotation (longitudinal axis, transverse plane)» example: turning head to side
Movements in SagitalPlane
MovementsIn Frontal Plane
Movements in Transverse plane
Flexion-extension
Abduction-adduction
Rotation:
Standard Reference TerminologyAnatomical Reference Position
• Erect standing position – all body parts, including the palms of the
hands, facing forward; considered the starting position for body segment movements
Spatial Reference Systems
• Used to standardize the measurements takenCartesian Coordinate system• Movements primarily in a single direction,
or planar, can be analyzed using a two-dimensional Cartesian– X (horizontal) direction– Y (vertical) direction
• 3-dimensional by adding a z-axis