moshe lavee, the university of haifa, [email protected] introduction to rabbinic...

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Moshe Lavee, The University Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, of Haifa, [email protected] [email protected] Introduction to Introduction to Rabbinic Literature Rabbinic Literature Dr Moshe Lavee Dr Moshe Lavee

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Page 1: Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, mlavee@research.haifa.ac.il Introduction to Rabbinic Literature Dr Moshe Lavee

Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, [email protected] [email protected]

Introduction to Rabbinic Introduction to Rabbinic LiteratureLiterature

Dr Moshe LaveeDr Moshe Lavee

Page 2: Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, mlavee@research.haifa.ac.il Introduction to Rabbinic Literature Dr Moshe Lavee

Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, [email protected] [email protected]

Rabbinic Literature of Late Rabbinic Literature of Late AntiquityAntiquity

ספרות חכמינו זכרונם לברכה = ספרות חז"ל•• The Literature of our Sages of blessed Memory

התורה שבפה, התורה שבעל פה•• The oral Torah

– A window to the process, preserving accepted and rejected books.

Page 3: Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, mlavee@research.haifa.ac.il Introduction to Rabbinic Literature Dr Moshe Lavee

Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, [email protected] [email protected]

Rabbinic Literature of Late AntiquityRabbinic Literature of Late Antiquity

• A fragment of lost rabbinic work (the Proems Midrash).

• Found in the Cairo Genizah.

Page 4: Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, mlavee@research.haifa.ac.il Introduction to Rabbinic Literature Dr Moshe Lavee

Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, [email protected] [email protected]

The Literature of our SagesThe Literature of our Sages• The sages = Rabbis who lived mainly in the

first half of the first millenium• Tannaim = תנאים (from aramaic, lit. Recitors) = The

sages of the 1st – early 3rd century• Amoraim = אמוראים (from aramaic, lit. anouncers)

• Their Literature: • The Mishnah משנה• The Tosephta תוספתא• The Tamuds, תלמוד • The Midrash, מדרש.

Page 5: Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, mlavee@research.haifa.ac.il Introduction to Rabbinic Literature Dr Moshe Lavee

WhenWhen ? ?

• Rabbinic Literature is the product of the scholarly and intellectual activities of many generations:– Second Temple Period people– The Tannaim– The Amoraim– Later redactors, Tradent (also called סבוראים,

from Aramaic, lit. exegesis).

Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, [email protected] [email protected]

Page 6: Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, mlavee@research.haifa.ac.il Introduction to Rabbinic Literature Dr Moshe Lavee

Where? Where?

• Rabbinic literature evolved in – The Land of Israel (=Palestine) ארץ ישראל– and in בבל (=Babylon).

• A process of creative transmission continued well into the beginning of the second millenium. – Thus some works carry signs of later

influence (European, North Africa).

Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, [email protected] [email protected]

Page 7: Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, mlavee@research.haifa.ac.il Introduction to Rabbinic Literature Dr Moshe Lavee

What kind of literature is itWhat kind of literature is it ? ?

• Legal Materials: – The Mishnah– Mishnaic based works:

• The Tosephta (lit. “the addition”, a compilations of additions to the mishnah

• The Talmuds (lit. “the studies”, compilations of discussion on and in relation to the Mishnah)

Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, [email protected] [email protected]

Page 8: Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, mlavee@research.haifa.ac.il Introduction to Rabbinic Literature Dr Moshe Lavee

What kind of literature is itWhat kind of literature is it ? ?

• Midrashic Materials: – Midrash מדרש = An anthology of

commentaries, deliberations, sermons or homilies of biblical texts.

– Aggadic vs. Halakhic: • Dealing with the legal / narrative materials in the

Bible.

– Exegetical vs. Homilitical • Explaining every single verse / devoting a

structured unit for each liturgical lection.

Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, [email protected] [email protected]

Page 9: Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, mlavee@research.haifa.ac.il Introduction to Rabbinic Literature Dr Moshe Lavee

The Oral LawThe Oral Law

• A conception of the Jewish canon as comprises of two main sections: – The Written Law תורה שבכתב

• The Pentateuch, The Hebrew Bible = תורה, מקרא• תורה, נביאים כתובים = תנ"ך = Torah, Prophets,

Writings

– The Oral Law תורה שבעל פה = Rabbinic Literature

Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, [email protected] [email protected]

Page 10: Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, mlavee@research.haifa.ac.il Introduction to Rabbinic Literature Dr Moshe Lavee

Why ‘Oral LawWhy ‘Oral Law’’

• A religious doctrine: – The Oral Law was given to Moses in Sinai

with the Written Law. – The Oral Law was later written down in

Rabbinic works.

• A social/historical perspective:– Rabbinic literature was formed, evolved and

transmitted orally.

Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, [email protected] [email protected]

Page 11: Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, mlavee@research.haifa.ac.il Introduction to Rabbinic Literature Dr Moshe Lavee

Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, [email protected] [email protected]

A list from the desk of a RabbiA list from the desk of a Rabbi

• A list of verses and laws to the Weekly Readings (Oded Rosenblum)

• The Rational: Homiletic unity; The law as an organizing principle.

Page 12: Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, mlavee@research.haifa.ac.il Introduction to Rabbinic Literature Dr Moshe Lavee

Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, [email protected] [email protected]

How central is the Rabbinic Literature for How central is the Rabbinic Literature for Jewish CultureJewish Culture ? ?

• based on ~600 books listed by R. Yosef Rosh Ha-Seder.

מקרא

פרשנות מקרא

דקדוק, מסורה ומילות

מדרש

תלמוד בבלי

תלמודי לא בבלי

פרשנות לא בבלי

הלכה

שות

ליטורגיה

פיוט ושירה

הגות יהודית

מדע ופילוסופיה

רפואה

קראי

שונותבלמז

תרגום

פרשנות תלמוד

• A statstic of books listed by a 12th-13th century Rabbi.

• Talmudic, • Halakhic • Biblical • Midrashic• All the rest: prose,

Philosophy, Science, Liturgy, etc.

Page 13: Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, mlavee@research.haifa.ac.il Introduction to Rabbinic Literature Dr Moshe Lavee

תרגום פרשיות התורהתרגום נביאים וכתובים

פירוש מילות ומסורהחיבורים בהלכה

רפואה וספורים בערבית

אגדות ומדרשות

הלכות גדולותתלמוד בבלי

תלמוד ירושלמימשניות וברייתות

פירוש ושאלות, שאלותפיוטי ינאי, סידור ופיוטים

פרוזהתורה תרגום ומקרא

רשימת מצאי, 36אלוני מאה יא?

משנהירושלמי

פירוש המשנה גמרא;תוספתא

פירוש תלמודהלכות קטנות

מדרששונות

, מאה יג44אלוני

חלק ב'-נקטתא דתלמודא:

עתידות, שדים, רפואותמזלות, חלומות

חידותחכמות

דרשות, הגדות.

חלק א':תלמוד גדול

תורה שבעל פהכולה

?

מתוכניותיו של רב יוסף

AGGADIC MIDRASH AMONG MISCELENOUS WORKS IN CATEGORIAL LISTS OF BOOKSAGGADIC MIDRASH AMONG MISCELENOUS WORKS IN CATEGORIAL LISTS OF BOOKS

מקראפירוש מקראתרגום תורה

תרגום נביאים וכתוביםמקרא תרגום והפטרות

מסורהספרי ראשי הישיבות המסודרים לפי

נושאיםמילות המשנה והתלמוד

ערבית, לשון ובלשנותגורלות, חידושים, מוזריות, כזבים, עיבור

רפואהמילות המקרא

מדרשות והגדותפירושים לתלמוד

סידורים ומחזוריםשירים עבריים ובתי השיר

חליפות מכתבים ותשובות כנגד המוסלמים והנוצרים

טרפותמשניות ותוספתות וברייתות

הלכות גדולותתלמוד ירושלמי

תלמוד בבליהשאלות

,מאה יב-יג34אלוני

Page 14: Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, mlavee@research.haifa.ac.il Introduction to Rabbinic Literature Dr Moshe Lavee

Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, Moshe Lavee, The University of Haifa, [email protected] [email protected]

A Historical Evidence on The Use A Historical Evidence on The Use of Rabbinic Literatureof Rabbinic Literature

• Genizah Fragment ENA 637.4-5.• A debate in syngouge about liturgical poetry. • Quoting Aggadic Midrash as an authorial source.