morphology 1
DESCRIPTION
Morphology in Image ProcessingTRANSCRIPT
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MULTISCALE MORPHOLOGICAL SEGMENTATION OF GRAY-SCALE
IMAGES
PRESENTED BY :-ASTHA SHARMA
09302261
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Segmentation +Morphological+Multiscale
• Segmentation : Decompose an image domain into a number of disjoint regions so that the features within each region have visual similarity , strong statistical correlation
and reasonably good homogeneity. • Morphology : It is set theoretic, shape oriented
approach which treats the image as a set and the kernel of operations, commonly called as Structuring Element (SE) as another set .
• Multiscale Techniques: They extract scale specific information from the image and integrate them to produce desired output.
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Gray-scale Morphology Operation• Dilation of a gray-level image g(r,c) by a two dimensional point
set B is defined as:
• Erosion of a gray-level image g(r,c) by a two dimensional point set B is defined as:
• Opening (closing) is sequential combination of erosion (dilation) and dilation (erosion).
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Multiscale Opening and Closing• Structuring element B takes care of the shape of the features
while processing the image but cannot treat objects of same shape but of different size equally.
• Thus, for processing objects based on their shape as well as size , a second attribute is incorporated to structuring element , which is its scale.
• Multiscale opening and closing is defined as:
where ‘n’ is an integer representing the scale factor of the structuring element B
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Multiscale Morphological Operation
• Multiscale Morphological Operation decompose the given image into a set of filtered images.
• The multiscale opening produces flat regions by removing bright objects or its parts smaller than the SE. The properties:
• No new bright feature is generated at higher scales due to opening. Similarly is for closing i.e no new dark feature is formed.
• The SE leaves the features larger than it unaffected.• However removal of parts of an object introduces new edges
or causes drifts of the existing edges. Therefore , we use filters termed as morphological multiscale opening and closing by reconstruction filters to avoid this problem.
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Basic Idea
• A gray level image consists of both bright and dark object features , which in general, have a distribution wrt to size or scale.
• Basic objective of Segmentation algorithm is to isolate or sketch out the most optimal contours of these bright and dark features.
Fig (a): image of bright and dark balls of varying radii
Fig (b): multiscale morphologic-alSegmentatio-n
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Theoretical Formulation
• A digital gray-tone image can be viewed as a intensity surface over a spatial coordinate system.
• If L = and • S = be the spatial coordinates of the pixels be the spatial coordinates of the pixels of the image. Then , digital image is
represented as a function ‘g’ defined by :
where size of image is r cN N
-(5)
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• In the paper, they have used multiscale bright and dark top-hat transformation to extract scale specific bright and dark features.
• The bright top-hat image obtained by filtering by an SE of size ‘i’ contains all bright features smaller than ‘i‘ as:
• Similarly a dark top-hat or a bottom-hat transformation at scale ‘i‘
sieves out the dark features smaller than ‘i‘ as:
• the section of the bright and dark top-hat images at a threshold t are given by
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Different types of similar components at two successive scale ‘i‘ and ‘i+1’.
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• The proposed algorithm treats the subsets of all three categories at various scales. Accordingly, it constructs the following four point sets, corresponding to both bright and dark features:
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Implementation• Segmentation Scheme is divided into 2 passes : 1) multiscale region extraction 2) selection of valid regions that contribute to final
segmentation .
Fig. The stages of proposed multiscale image segmentation algorithm.
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1. PREPROCESSING• Here noise smoothing is done to reduce the
effect of undesired perturbations which might cause over- and under-segmentation.
• Very small scale details are usually considered as noise. So morphological method is used to smooths out noise .
• Main problem is to determine the size of SE.
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2) PASS-1:MULTISCALE REGION EXTRACTION
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2) PASS-1:MULTISCALE REGION EXTRACTION
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3) PASS-2 : SELECTION OF VALID REGIONS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO FINAL SEGMENTS
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(a) (input) image of skin lesions, (b) multiscale morphological segmentation
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THANKYOU
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APPENDIX:Morphological Multiscale Opening and Closing by Reconstruction
For i=1,2,3,………
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• for all practical purposes iteration is terminated at an integer ‘n’ such that
• This stable output is termed as reconstruction by dilation and is denoted by