MORE SPEAKING MORE SPEAKING TIPSTIPS

Why am I speaking to Why am I speaking to these listeners?these listeners?

I want or need exposure Their boss invited me I’m expert on the subject Boss making me do it Asking for business Presenting results of project

Why are they listening?Why are they listening? They have no choice They need this information They want to know me better They may be curious They don’t know why

What are their behaviors What are their behaviors likely to be?likely to be?

Biased for my subject Biased against my subject Biased for me Biased against me Interactive Quiet

What relationship do we What relationship do we have?have?

They are professional colleagues They are daily co-workers They are bosses They are potential customers I am their boss None

What do they know about What do they know about this topic?this topic?

Nothing Very little As much as I do More than I do Mixed

What would they like to What would they like to know?know?

Everything I know They are not sure Nothing How my information applies to

their work How they can make money with

my information

How will they use this How will they use this information?information?

I don’t know General knowledge of this

subject For specific analysis For individual development To develop critical questions

What are they doing What are they doing before and after I speak?before and after I speak?

Eating Drinking Listening to another speaker Traveling Meeting Working

What is the speaking What is the speaking situation?situation?

Time and location Room description Seating Lighting, sound, projection Formal or informal Number of listeners

What do I need to What do I need to backup?backup?

Projector fails, bulb burns out Other speaker fails to show,

have twice as much time No place to plug in equipment What else could go wrong?

Identify Your PurposeIdentify Your Purpose

Five PurposesFive Purposes Persuading Informing Motivating Entertaining Inspiring

Persuade through EthosPersuade through Ethos Power of speaker’s reputation or

credentials Credibility through moderator Dress, expression, body

language Use phrases like “as chief

researcher for this study…”

Persuade through PathosPersuade through Pathos Appeal to listener’s emotions See television commercials for

appeal to emotional satisfaction Use colorful language Display emotions Make use of fear and joy Use charged words and symbols

When to use When to use Ethos for use with facts and

figures for non-emotional subjects

Pathos for emotional subjects Credibility lost if mixed

Persuading through Persuading through LogosLogos

Use of research data, statistics and numbers to persuade listeners - “just the facts”

Can be expressed with or without emotion

Dress influences authority and reliability

Informing through Informing through TellingTelling

Simply reporting or transmitting information

Emphasis on accuracy No persuasion, influence,

interpretation, change

Informing through Informing through TeachingTeaching

Teach without persuading and test comprehension

May use demonstration, role playing, interactive techniques

Informing through Informing through TrainingTraining

Training combines telling, teaching and demonstration

Guidelines Be clear Be concise Be consistent in language and

vocabulary

MotivatingMotivating People motivated for

Accomplishment Recognition Power

People motivated by Ethos (credibility) Pathos (emotion) Logos (logic)

OrganizingOrganizing Tell what you are going to say Tell why they should listen Tell your message Tell them what you told them Keep It Short and Simple