more adventures with dialects: convergence and ambiguity resolution by partners in conversation
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More Adventures with Dialects: Convergence and Ambiguity Resolution by Partners in Conversation. Brennan, Huffman, Hannigan, et al. Assumptions about dialects. Dialects encode geographic, demographic, educational socioeconomic info Dialects converge during interaction. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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More Adventures with Dialects: Convergence and Ambiguity Resolution
by Partners in Conversation
Brennan, Huffman, Hannigan, et al.
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Assumptions about dialects
Dialects encode geographic, demographic, educational socioeconomic info
Dialects converge during interaction
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Questions about dialects What IS a dialect? Do dialects really converge in conversation? How do listeners cope w/ variability in the
speech signal, including that from dialects? Are all kinds of variability handled by the same
processing mechanisms? Are representations of the sounds of a
language stored as abstract prototypes or as different instances/variants?
Is there parity between comprehension and production when it comes to dialectal variation?
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Dialects aren’t all-or-nothing!
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Adapting to a partner’s dialect
Do speakers converge with a partner’s dialect? (Brennan & Huffman, in prep.)
Long Island (LI) vs. General American (GA) dialect Design: Session 1 with LI addressee
Session 2 with GA addressee
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Sample dialect words to elicit: Consonants
r-drop toaster, saucer, paperclip
Vowels - Monophthongs “bad” plaid, cab, labcoat, bathtub “bat” hat, bat, cat, cap “ale” scale, tail, mailbox “ah” dot, pot, knot, cot
Vowels - Diphthongs aw chocolate, faucet, saw
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Task: “Go fish” card game
Subject: “I need a toaster.” Confed: “Here you go, a toaster.”
or “Sorry, no toaster, go fish.” “OK, I need a lab coat.”
<etc.>
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Dialect comparisons
LI speech example:
More examples of LI subjects in the context of confederates’ speech
“cab”: LI subj., then GA confed. “saucer”: LI subj., then GA confed. “saucer”: LI conf., then LI subject
(play) (repeat)
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Results so far:
Speakers do significantly less r-dropping to GA addressees than to LI addressees
Very small change in monophthongs: F1 goes up slightly, F2 goes down slightly We need to look at differences for individual words
(e.g., PLAID, CAB, LABCOAT, BATHTUB)
Dipthongs: Stay tuned!
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Implications
Dialects are clusters of tendencies. Articulatory adaptations associated with dialect
don’t occur as a unit. Some features of a dialect are more flexible
than others. Adaptation may depend on awareness of a
feature!
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Adapting to a speaker’s dialect
Do speakers converge with their partners’ dialects? (Brennan & Huffman, in prep.)
Do listeners perceive homophones differently, depending on the dialect of the speaker? And does the listener’s own dialect matter?
(with Stephanie Hannigan & Marie Huffman)
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The parity issue, vis-à-vis dialects
The comprehension (input) and production (output) issues are different.
Dialectal variation is particularly hard to deal with on the input side.
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When a dialect is unfamiliar, the source of the variation is ambiguous
Tourist: Excuse me, is it pronounced ‘Hawaii’ or
‘Havaii’?
Benny Hill: Havaii
Tourist: Thank you!
Benny Hill: You’re velcome!
(Kraljic, Brennan, & Samuel, under review)
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Welcome to Long Island!
(In a deli, ordering a sliced turkey sandwich:)
(example courtesy of Meghan Sumner)
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Welcome to Long Island!
(In a deli, ordering a sliced turkey sandwich:)
Would you like white meat or dog meat?
(example courtesy of Meghan Sumner)
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Adapting to a speaker’s dialectType A Type B Type C
cod cawed cord
pod pawed poured
tot taught torte
stock stalk stork
sod sawed soared
tock talk torque
cock caulk cork
cot caught court
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Adapting to a speaker’s dialect
GA homophones
Type A Type B Type C
cod cawed cord
pod pawed poured
tot taught torte
stock stalk stork
sod sawed soared
tock talk torque
cock caulk cork
cot caught court
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Adapting to a speaker’s dialect
LI homophones
Type A Type B Type C
cod cawed cord
pod pawed poured
tot taught torte
stock stalk stork
sod sawed soared
tock talk torque
cock caulk cork
cot caught court
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Adapting to a speaker’s dialect
Subjects’ own dialects are testedQuestionnaireRead a story aloud
Exposed to either LI or GA dialect (story) Perform a word selection task Critical trials had either an LI or a GA
homophone competitor
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Does perceived ambiguity depend on who the speaker is?
Type A Type B Type C
cod cawed cord
pod pawed poured
tot taught torte
stock stalk stork
sod sawed soared
tock talk torque
cock caulk cork
cot caught court
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Does perceived ambiguity depend on who the speaker is? “Click cawed”
stair
cod + cawed
ice
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Does perceived ambiguity depend on who the speaker is? “Click cawed”
stair
cod + cawed
ice
(GA dialect)
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Does perceived ambiguity depend on who the speaker is? “Click cawed”
stair
cod + cawed
ice
(LI dialect)
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Does perceived ambiguity depend on who the speaker is? “Click caught”
told
court + caught
ski
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Does perceived ambiguity depend on who the speaker is? “Click caught”
told
court + caught
ski
(LI dialect)
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Does perceived ambiguity depend on who the speaker is? “Click caught”
told
court + caught
ski
(GA dialect)
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An utterance’s ambiguity depends on the perceived dialect…
If it’s all about priming, then who the speaker is shouldn’t matter!
Type A Type B Type C
cod cawed cord
pod pawed poured
tot taught torte
stock stalk stork
sod sawed soared
tock talk torque
cock caulk cork
cot caught court