moral+reasoning

8/10/2019 MORAL+REASONING

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Moral Reasoning

Theories on Moral Reasoning

Religion/Islamic Perspective



THINKING PROCESS

WHAT IS RIGHT /WRONG

DILEMMA

CONSEQUENCES

WEIGH IT



ECONOMIC

ETHICAL

4 COMPONENTS OF MR

MORAL SENSITIVITY MORAL JUDGEMENT

MORAL MOTIVATION

MORAL CHARACTER



CAN SEE AN ETHICAL DILEMMA

IF WE DO THIS HOW WILL IT AFFECCT

OTHERS?



GIVEN A SITUATION, ONE CAN JUDGE, REASON

CORRECTLY WHAT SHOULD BE DONE IN THE

SITUATION



PERSONAL COMMITMENT TO MORAL ACTION

ACCEPTING THE RESONSIBILITY FOR THE

OUTCOME



COURAGEOUS PERSISTENCE IN NOT TAKING

THE EASY WAY OUT

HOW DO WE DECIDE>MORAL DILEMMAUSE SOME KIND OF GUIDELINE:DIFFICULT

SITUATIONS WE MAY FACE IN OUR

LIVES/CAREERS



INFORMATIONAL ACCESS

YOU ACCESS A COLLEAGUE’S EMAIL AND FINDS

THAT YOUR COLLEAGUE HAS BEEN STEALING

COMPANY INFORMATION AND LEAKING IT TORIVALS



Proponents to classical utilitarianism: English

philosophers John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) and

Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832).

Utilitarianism is a theory in normative ethicsholding that the proper course of action is

the one that maximizes overall "happiness".

The moral worth of an action is determined

only by its resulting outcome.Criticism against utilitarianism??



How do one codify one’s personal

inclinations? There is no universal standards

of right and wrong!

Happiness cannot be measured or quantified. Impractical: we cannot calculate the effects

for all individuals (either because the large

number of individuals involved or because of

uncertainty). Insufficiency of scope: other values are not

considered, e.g. life, friendship and

knowledge



Immanuel Kant (1724-1804).

Good Will

One could act morally, and for this to be the

case we must be free. That there must be aGod and life after death, otherwise morality

would make no sense.

There are universal laws of morality

We should not break these laws because ofemotions



The tawheed concept, i.e. submit to the onenessof God.

Muslims are the khalifah (i.e. vicegerent) toAllah; all their activities are ultimatelyaccountable to Allah.

Believe in the life hereafter

All concerned parties within the organisation andits business operation should exercise andpromote basic Islamic values, such as:trustworthiness1, justice2 and transparency3.

Based on the Islamic revelation, for example, Qur’an (8: 27): “O ye who believe! Betraynot the trust of God and the Apostle, nor misappropriate knowingly things entrusted toyou.”

Based on the Islamic revelation, for example, Qur’an (49: 9): “Then make peace betweenthem with justice, and be fair: for Allah loves those who are fair (and just).”

Based on the Islamic revelation, for example, Qur’an (2: 282): “O you who believe! Whenye deal with each other, in transactions involving future obligations in a fixed period oftime, reduce them to writing. Let a scribe write down faithfully as between the parties.”



The Islamic concepts of adalah (socialjustice) and ihsan (beneficence) provide therationale for corporations to promote anethical and socially oriented method of

financing. Inappropriate for corporations to aim at

solely maximisation of profit.

Corporations should assume the duties and

liabilities of fulfilling the aims arising fromthe legal ownership of the shareholders;protecting the interests of otherstakeholders.

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