1. THE MUGHAL EMPIRE (MONUMENTAL ARCHITECTURE)By : Aqeel , Allen , Alen and Anshid

2. ARCHITECTURE OF MUGHAL EMPIRE Indian architecture, is the distinctive style developed by the Mughal in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. They constructed in countries such as India, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan. Architecture during this period was more magnificent and grand than preceding centuries. It is because : 1. Stability in the empire which enabled the emperors to pay attention to architecture. 2. Mughal had more funds at their disposal to spend on monuments. example: tombs , forts , masjids , etc 3. FEATURES The arch and dome continued to be used. Domes were very common. Tombs began to be placed on stone platforms. Most of the monuments has ChaharBhag pattern. Tombs and mosques had minarets. Most of them is made of red stone and white marble. Qur'anic verses were engraved upon them. Jalis or trellis were common. All the early kings except Aurangzeb were great builders. With the coming of the Mughals, Indian architecture was greatly influenced by Persian styles. The Mughals constructed excellent mausoleums, mosques, forts, gardens and cities. The Mughal buildings show a uniform pattern both in structure and character 4. BABUR Mughal architecture during Babur was indeed that redefined phase, which saw the most able chiseling of gardens, fondly referred to as Baghs in Urdu. Babur constructed several mosques around India, mostly taken from the desecrated Hindu temples. He constructed a series of buildings which mixed the pre-existing Hindu particulars with the influence of traditional Muslim designs which was practiced in Turks and Persian culture. The mosque that Babur himself provided is located in panipat, presently placed in karnal district of Haryana State. Inscriptions indicate that the mosque was well set into motion, if not finished, by the end of 1527 and its gat e, well and garden were completed by 1528. But the location of the mosque is known as the garden eventually eroded. However, the building`s colossal size suggests that the mosque, rather than the garden, dominated the complex. 5. HUMAYUN He didn't build many structures . His wife Hamida Banu Begum and Akbar . Humayun cannot build many structures because: From his reign began he was unfortunate. Sher shah chased him out of his own country for 15 years. He was not having enough time after he started ruling over his kingdom. 6. TOMB OF HUMAYUN about tomb The tomb was commissioned by Humayuns wife Hamida Banu Begum in 1562 AD, and designed by Mirak Mirza Ghiyath, a Persian architect. It was first garden tomb in India . it is among UNESCO world heritage site. Features The prime features of Humayun's Tomb include a sand stone mausoleum in the shape of rose petal, one hamam or bath chamber, double domes and a pavilion called as baradari. There are four squares in Humayun's Tomb which are separated by the paved sand stone paths. 7. AKBAR The emperor Akbar built largely, and the style developed vigorously during his reign. As in the Gujarat and other styles, there is a combination of Muslim and Hindu features in his works. Akbar constructed the royal city of Fatehpur Sikri, located 26 miles (42 km) west of Agra, in the late 16th century. 8. JAHANGIR Mausoleum of Itmad-ud-Daula, the revenue minister of Jahangir and Nur Jehans father was built in Agra on the banks of the Jumuna. Started by Jahangir it was completed by Nur Jehan in 1628 A.D. A small rectangular structure in white marble, inlaid with semi-precious stones and colored glass, it is a delicate and beautiful piece of architecture. It is the first pure marble monument and differs from the typical massive, red sand-stone structures of earlier Mughals. Situated in a garden amidst fountains, it has a square lower storey with four minarets in the four corners. A traceried pavilion forms the second storey. A central chamber inside contains the tombs and is surrounded by an enclosed verandah. 9. QUIZ 1.What is the full form of UNESCO? Ans. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 2.Who was the architect who designed tomb of humayun? Ans. Mirak Mirza Ghiyath 3.What is pattern used in this period? Ans. chahar bagh pattern. 4. Where is the tomb of Akbar built? Ans. Sikandra