month 14 lessons 55 - 58 b

7/28/2019 Month 14 Lessons 55 - 58 B

1/24

Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 14

Level 1 - Month 14 lessons 55 58 B

www.chitrapurmath.net Shri Chitrapur Math 2002-2013 336/359

Lesson 55. Continuing with the Shatr.

Present Continuous Participles.

A quick note:I have to apologise for my long silence. One and a half years of not giving yousomething new to study is criminal on my part. But my excuse is valid. We

have finally finished designing our 3, 6-month courses Aaraxna, saxnaandxar[a and now am absolutely free to work on our web lessons. But sincestudents have not written to me asking for help with their lessons, I assume,no one's missing me too much and therefore I don't feel guilty!

It is amazing indeed how language adapts itself to the changing times.Classical Sanskrit did not feel the need to express the continuous tense as

something different. "The boy goes. balk> gCDit " represented both, thepresent tense and the continuous.Then other languages made their presence felt. Sanskrit now had to figureout how to differentiate, for the people who questioned, between

1) The boy goes and 2) The going boy.

1) Is what you are already familiar with the use of the lq! lkar. Thesentence would therefore be balk> gCDit , 2) This sentence would need to be translated with the help of a continuousparticiple. You need to use the continuous participle in sentences like ' Thewalking girl is looking at the eating boy.'

So what are these continuous participles?

7/28/2019 Month 14 Lessons 55 - 58 B

2/24




They are words formed out of xatu s. Retaining their ability to convey anaction taking place, they become adjectives and follow the noun in three

ways: il, iv_aiKt and vcn , Let me give you simple examples and then I'll teach you how to form thesewords.The boy studies.The boy eats a mango.The studying boy, eats a mango.

The "studying " is the continuous participle. If the root word is prSmEpdm! , you add the zt&Tyy and create a zt& form. If the root word is AaTmnepdm!

, you add the zanc! Tyyand create a zanc! form. Let's concentrate on the zt& forms first.

Step 1. ( M/ N forms)

Pick the lq! lkar wm pu ; form of the P.P. dhaatu you have chosen.Let's take pQ! as an example. pQiNtis the lq! lkar wm pu ; bhu vcnform.

Step 2. ( M/ N forms)NOW remove the # from the end and the n! from the middle of the wordpQiNt - #- n! = pQt

Step 3. ( M/ N forms)

THEN add a ! to the last letter to form tkaraNtM/N forms that aredeclined as _agvt! M and as jgt! N. (Please check Supplement 36. Month10) pQt + ! = pQt! M / N

7/28/2019 Month 14 Lessons 55 - 58 B

3/24




There is a small difference here. The wma iv_aiKt @kvcnform of _agvt! is _agvan! . Don't add the AakaraNt to the word. The usable form becomes

pQn! and not

pQan! ,

So now we have a sentence that says balk> pQn! , This is not a completesentence because the word pQn! is not accepted as a verb but as aparticiple.a verb cum adjective. To complete the picture you have to addStep 4.

Step 4.

Add the appropriate form of theAs!

dhaatu in the tense that you wish to

convey. That is : Add the As! l'! lkarto give you an effect of a continuousaction taking place in the past.

balk> pQn! AasIt! , Add the As! lq! lkarto give you an effect of a continuous action takingplace in the present. balk> pQn! AiSt,

Ditto for the future. balk> pQn! _aiv:yit, ( Note: Classical Sanskrit prefers to use the ACTUAL verb forms herebalk> ApQt! , balk> pQit, balk> piQ:yit , And would use thecontinuous participle purely as adjectives. So that would mean that anotheraction would be required here to complete the picture

pQn! balk> oadit,The studying/reading boy is eating.pQn! balk> Aa

7/28/2019 Month 14 Lessons 55 - 58 B

4/24




pQn! balk> oadit,Ah

7/28/2019 Month 14 Lessons 55 - 58 B

5/24




***

Now let's look at a few examples:

1. s> pQn! AiSt ,He is reading.2. s> pQn! AasIt! ,He was reading.3. sa pQNtI AiSt ,She is reading.4. sa pQNtI AasIt! , She was reading.5. mm im

7/28/2019 Month 14 Lessons 55 - 58 B

6/24




1. gCDn! balk> )l

7/28/2019 Month 14 Lessons 55 - 58 B

7/24




Lesson 55A. Exercises with the zt& Tyy.

Translate the following sentences.1. The woman is washing clothes.2. The two boys are playing in the field .3. The two girls are eating fruits.4. The mother who is reading is also listening to songs .5. The man who is going is holding his son's hand.6. The lions who are growling slowly are watching the deer who are

running towards the lake.7. The father is telling a story to his daughter who is listening with

attention.8. Radha was drinking milk when her friend was entering her house.9. Mohan, who is walking with Shyam who was talking, is looking at the

scene around them.10. The girls who are studying will be successful in the examination.

7/28/2019 Month 14 Lessons 55 - 58 B

8/24




Lesson 55 B. Answers to Lesson 55 A.

1. The woman is washing clothes.

mihla vSai[ ]alyit, mihla vSai[ ]alyNtI AiSt,

2. The two boys are playing in the field .

balkaE]eeIft> , balkaE]eeIfNtaE St> ,

3. The two girls are eating fruits.

bailke)lain oadt> , bailke)lain oadNtaESt> ,

4. The mother who is reading is also listening to songs .

pQNtI AMba gItain Aip z&[aeit ,pQNtI AMba gItain Aip z&{viNt AiSt ,

5. The man who is going is holding his son's hand.

gCDn! pu ;> pu Sy hSt puSy hSt gjR Nt> is tfag m&gan! pZyiNt ,

znE> gjR Nt> is tfag m&gan! pZyNt> siNt ,

7/28/2019 Month 14 Lessons 55 - 58 B

9/24




7. The father is telling a story to his daughter who is listening withattention.

ipta Avxanen u {vNTyEpu yEkwa g&h taEAi_at> dZy taEAi_at> dZy bailka> prI]ayam! %TtI[aR _aiv:yiNt ,

7/28/2019 Month 14 Lessons 55 - 58 B

10/24




Lesson 56. A.P. Continues with the Shaanach.

zanc!

A.P. dhaatus need the zanc! Tyyto indicate the continuous tense. You haveto add the man to the A.P. root dhaatu..... which will be declined like ram,mala and vn for the M, F and N respectively. Then the As! dhaatu in theappropriate tense is added to the sentence if required. Let's take the

dhaatu yac! ( to beg ) as an example.

He is begging.s> yacman> AiSt

/s> yacte,

She is begging. sa yacmana AiSt/ sa yacte, It is begging. tt! yacmanm! AiSt/ tt! yacte, He was begging. s> yacman> AasIt! / s> Ayact , She was begging. sa yacmana AasIt! / sa Ayact , It was begging. tt! yacmanm! AasIt! / tt! Ayact , I see the man who is begging. Ah

7/28/2019 Month 14 Lessons 55 - 58 B

11/24




Shall we work on a few translations? Over to Lesson 56 A.

7/28/2019 Month 14 Lessons 55 - 58 B

12/24




Lesson 56 A. Working with the zanc! Tyy , Note : Be sure to add the man/ mana to the conjugated form of the verbafter you have removed the

te,

Translate:

1. He is feeling/becoming happy. mu d! (maedte)2. You were present yesterday for the president's speech. ivd! (iv*te) 3. The man performing the yajna is my father. yj! (yjte) 4. Vikramaditya is the king's name who is waging a war. yu x! (yu Xyte)

5. Do not be angry with the two girls who are serving. sev! (sevte) 6. The child ( ApTy N ) went to the temple with the women who were

praying. vNd! (vNdte) 7. I see the children who are happy. mu d! (maedte)8. The princess accepted the flowers from the priest who was

worshipping. _aj! (_ajte) 9. I have faith in the people who are tolerant. sh! (shte) 10. The police are beating the thieving men with a stick. cu r! (caeryte)

( Trip up alert.)

7/28/2019 Month 14 Lessons 55 - 58 B

13/24




Lesson 56 B. Answers to Lesson 56 A.

1. He is feeling/becoming happy. mu d! (maedte)

s> maedte, s> maedman> AiSt ,

2. You were present yesterday for the president's speech. ivd! (iv*te) > AXy]Sy _aa;[ay Tv ,

> AXy]Sy _aa;[ay Tv / iv*mana AasI> , 3. The man performing the yajna is my father. yj! (yjte)

yjman> pu ;> mm ipta AiSt , 4. Vikramaditya is the king's name who is waging a war. yu x! (yu Xyte)

yu XymanSy n&pSy nam ivmaidTy> AiSt , 5. Do not be angry with the two girls who are serving. sev! (sevte)

sevmana_ya< bailka_ya< ma ku Pytu , 6. The child went to the temple with the women who were praying. vNd!

(vNdte) ApTy< vNdmanai_a> mihlai_a> sh miNdrm! AgCDt! ,

7. I see the children who are happy. mu d! (maedte)Ah

7/28/2019 Month 14 Lessons 55 - 58 B

14/24




9. I have faith in the people who are tolerant. sh! (shte) shmane;u jne;u mm ivZva> AiSt ,

10. The police are beating the thieving men with a stick.cu r!

(caeryte

)

ngrr]ka> caerymanan! pu ;an! d{fen tafyiNt ,ngrr]ka> caerymanan! pu ;an! d{fen tafyNt> siNt ,

7/28/2019 Month 14 Lessons 55 - 58 B

15/24




Lesson 57/ 57 A.More of Shatr and Shaanach.

zt&- zanc! A quick recap:

Having given you an idea on how the zt&- zanc! work, I must tell yousomething. Classical authors DO NOT use the zt&- zanc! with the As! dhaatu. As far as they are concerned, the zt&- zanc! are adjectives andmust be used as such.

The boy is going' is translated as balk> gCDit. The need to do a balk>

gCDn! AiStis to help co-relate this with English grammar.

Let's look at how the zt&- zanc! are used "classically.'balk> gCDit ,gCDn! balk> )l Xyan

7/28/2019 Month 14 Lessons 55 - 58 B

16/24




_ajmanen balken sh Ahm! Aip Xyan AiSt ,

*********

7/28/2019 Month 14 Lessons 55 - 58 B

17/24




57 AYou have been with me for quite sometime now. I must stop 'spoon-feeding'

you. I'll provide you with answers only if I think you'll need that kind ofassurance.

As worksheets, convert the above given sentences into their dual and pluralforms. AND THEN convert all the above sentences into the neuter ( ApTy< child.) and the feminine ( bailka girl) yup, singular, dual and plural.Use gCDiNt/ _ajmana( wma iv_aiKt) for the feminine and gCDt! / _ajman< (wma iv_aiKt) for the neuter.You will need only the complete iv_aiKt table for the neuter jgt! , Check out our supplements in Month 14.Next week's lesson is a complete mind bender. I'm looking forward toteaching it.

*********

7/28/2019 Month 14 Lessons 55 - 58 B

18/24




Lesson 58.Shatr and Shaanach, their passive forms.

I hope you have had a chance to do those exercises that I set you in Lesson57,57A. It should give you sufficient practice to handle today's lesson.

Do you remember how the passive forms of a verb are formed? Let's do aquick revision. (For such practice sessions I shall always take the wm pu ;>@kvcnm! lq! lkar> as an example. That is what has been practiced fromtime immemorial. Use that form as a guide line to arrive at the other

lkar s.)A.

1. Take the root form of the verb. For example:gm!

/l_a! 2. Add to it a y ; that would make it gMy/ l_y

3. Add the AaTmnepd- Tyy and you finally land up with gMyte / l_yte, 4. These are passive forms of the verb. They change only according to

the pu ;> and vcnm! of the "object turned subject." B. Well, exactly the same thing happens when you make a passive form of the

zt&- zanc! , Let's do it again point wise. The difference is in point 4.1. Take the root form of the verb. For example: gm! / l_a! 2. Add to it a y ; that would make it gMy/ l_y 3. Add the AaTmnepd- Tyy and you finally land up with gMyman/ l_yman 4. These are participles and follow the noun/pronoun in three ways: il,

vcn, iv_aiKt , Therefore you will have: gMyman, gMymana and all the other forms in all the iv_aiKt s.

7/28/2019 Month 14 Lessons 55 - 58 B

19/24




5. Study the examples that follow and then you will understand what thewords mean:

oadn! balk>= the boy who is eating

oa*man> balk>= the boy who is being eaten ( by something)Similarly ilon! will be talking about the "boy who is writing." and theilOymanwill qualify "whatever the boy is writing."ilon! balk> ilOyman )l

7/28/2019 Month 14 Lessons 55 - 58 B

20/24

7/28/2019 Month 14 Lessons 55 - 58 B

21/24




What is most important is to set your mind free.. spend a little time withthese words and you will see how very flexible they are. Don't feel so boundto grammar rules that you are unable to bring creativity into your thoughts.Let's try out a few worksheets to help break free!

**************

7/28/2019 Month 14 Lessons 55 - 58 B

22/24




Lesson 58 A.Exercises with the Passive and Active Participles.

A) Translate:Please do not try word for word translations. Try get the general meaning of

the sentences though.1. The Guru who is being served is Shrimat Sadyojat Shankarashrama.( use plural for respect.)

2. To that Guru worthy of being served, salutations.3. When you come to my house, bring that book written by Rabindranath

Tagore, with you.4. Is there some milk to give to this cat which is sitting here?5. Those memorised shlokas have increased my peace of mind. ( not

difficult..think!!!!!)

6.

Devi Bhuvaneshwari, these flowers which have been brought by memust be accepted by you.7. I place the fruit of the japa done by me at the feet of the Lord.8. There is the capacity to work in the intelligent boys who are present

here.9. The monkeys who took Lanka were Rama's devotees.10. With these lessons that have been studied by me, I'll certainly

become Panini !!11. Here is water for those flowers you brought. ( translate withaccept

this water)

7/28/2019 Month 14 Lessons 55 - 58 B

23/24




Lesson 58 B.Exercises with the Passive and Active Participles.

1. The Guru who is being served is Shrimat Sadyojat Shankarashrama.( use plural for respect.)

seVymana> gu rv> Imd!-s*aejat-zrama> siNt , 2. To that Guru worthy of being served, salutations.

nm> seVymane_y> gu _y> , 3. When you come to my house, bring that book written by Rabindranath

Tagore, with you.

yda _avtI/ _avan! mm g&hm! AagCDit, tda ribNnaw-qagaere[ iliot< pu Stk Sm&tE> ZlaekE> mm mnzaiNt> AvxR t , 6. Devi Bhuvaneshwari, these flowers which have been brought by me

must be accepted.

deiv _au vneZvir, mya AanItain @tain pu :pai[ g&tam! , 7. I place the fruit of the japa done by me at the feet of the Lord.

mya ktSy jpSy )l Swapyaim , 8. There is the capacity to work in the intelligent boys who are present

here.

kayaR wR piQtE> paQE> inZcyen Ah _avaim!

7/28/2019 Month 14 Lessons 55 - 58 B

24/24




11. Here is water for those flowers you brought.

_avTya/ _avta te_y> AanIte_y> pu :pe_y> jl

month 14 lessons 55 - 58 b

Documents